DOCSLIB.ORG

The Oldest Known Snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Provide Insights on Snake Evolution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Oldest Known Snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Provide Insights on Snake Evolution ARTICLE Received 1 Oct 2014 | Accepted 1 Dec 2014 | Published 27 Jan 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996 The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution Michael W. Caldwell1, Randall L. Nydam2, Alessandro Palci3 & Sebastia´n Apesteguı´a4 The previous oldest known fossil snakes date from B100 million year old sediments (Upper Cretaceous) and are both morphologically and phylogenetically diverse, indicating that snakes underwent a much earlier origin and adaptive radiation. We report here on snake fossils that extend the record backwards in time by an additional B70 million years (Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous). These ancient snakes share features with fossil and modern snakes (for example, recurved teeth with labial and lingual carinae, long toothed suborbital ramus of maxillae) and with lizards (for example, pronounced subdental shelf/gutter). The paleobiogeography of these early snakes is diverse and complex, suggesting that snakes had undergone habitat differentiation and geographic radiation by the mid-Jurassic. Phylogenetic analysis of squamates recovers these early snakes in a basal polytomy with other fossil and modern snakes, where Najash rionegrina is sister to this clade. Ingroup analysis finds them in a basal position to all other snakes including Najash. 1 Department of Biological Sciences, & Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E9, Canada. 2 Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308, USA. 3 Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. 4 Fundacio´nFe´lix de Azara, CEBBAD (CONICET), Universidad Maimo´nides, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.W.C. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:5996 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996 he previous understanding of the fossil record of early extending from tooth position 4 to tooth position 16/17; anterior snake evolution (Late Mesozoic) relies on isolated superior alveolar foramen large, positioned at front of ascending Tvertebrae from Africa1 (100 Myr ago), isolated jaws and process; prominent premaxillary process, narrow and turned vertebrae from North America2,3 (98–65 Myr ago), a number of medially; supradental shelf narrow and thin with prominent nearly complete snakes, some with rear limbs4–7, from the palatine process adjacent to posterior end of ascending process; circum-Mediterranean region (98–95 Myr ago), and two taxa margin of palatine process damaged; long, tooth-bearing of relatively complete snakes, one with rear limbs, from suborbital ramus with 10 tooth positions posterior to prefrontal Argentina (94–92 Myr ago8,9 and 86–80 Myr ago10,11). This facet and palatine process; maxillary tooth positions defined by morphologically, ecologically and phylogenetically diverse three-sided alveolus with no medial border; preserved teeth assemblage of snakes appears in the fossil record around the attached to rims of alveoli; presence of tooth in alveolus closes world almost simultaneously (B100–94 Myr ago). The long small posterolingual notch forming basal nutrient foramen; teeth standing questions in snake palaeontology have centred on when, conical, circular cross sections, recurved, with labial and lingual where and how snakes evolved and radiated from within carinae. Squamata before the early part of the Late Cretaceous. Here we report on four new species of significantly older fossil aff. Parviraptor estesi snakes (167–143 Myr ago) recognized from cranial and post- (Figs 1b,2s and 3a; Supplementary Figs 3a–d and 4a–i). cranial remains found in the United Kingdom, Portugal Referred Material. Right frontal, atlas and associated and the United States. These new data extend the known precloacal vertebrae on multispecimen block NHMUK geological range of snakes by nearly 70 million years into the R8551 (specimen originally assigned to Parviraptor estesi15). mid-Mesozoic, indicating that their origin was coincident with Locality, horizon and age. Swanage, Dorset, England; the known radiation of most other major groups of squamates in Purbeck Limestone Formation (Upper Jurassic; Tithonian/ the mid-Jurassic12,13 during the final stages of the break-up of Lower Cretaceous; Berriasian). Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana. It is also important to note that this new record for early snakes, co-occurring Description. Right frontal (NHMUK R8551) in lateral view with early anguimorphs such as Dorsetisaurus12,13, fills a major 14 with well-developed prefrontal and postfrontal facets and deep, chronological gap predicted by molecular phylogenetics . medially curved descensus frontalis with well-developed suboptic In stratigraphic order, the oldest snake recognized here is shelves on posteroventral margin forming posterior portion of found in rocks dated as Bathonian (B167 Myr ago), Middle 15 optic nerve foramen (Cranial Nerve II); closely associated Jurassic, from Southern England , followed by a North vertebrae with tall neural spines, massive, vertical synapophyses American record dated as Kimmeridgian (B155 Myr ago, 16 with distinct, posteriorly expanded parapophyseal and diapophy- Upper Jurassic, Colorado, USA) , which appears to be a seal facets; complete neural arch with short zygosphenes; contemporary of another taxon from the Kimmerdigian (Upper 17 posterior margin lacks incised median notch; elevated, round Jurassic, Guimarota, Portugal) . The youngest snake taxon condyles with weakly constricted necks; centrum narrow poster- and materials recognized here are found in rocks dated as B iorly and wide anteriorly in ventral view; inferior margin of Tithonian ( 150 Myr ago; Upper Jurassic) to Berriasian centrum, no development of haemal keel; possible sacral vertebra (B140 Myr ago; Lower Cretaceous) outcropping near Swanage, 15 with robust transverse processes; left neural arch from an atlas Dorset, Southern England . with narrow, posteriorly directed neural spine; no notochordal canal. Results Remarks. Because of the loss of the provenance of this block with Systematic palaeontology. respect to the block NHMUK 48388, the lack of articulation of the elements, and the polytaxonomic composition of the Purbeck Order Squamata Opell, 1811 blocks, we do not feel that there is sufficient evidence to support Suborder Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 referral of the frontal to type maxilla of Parviraptor estesi, although Parviraptor estesi gen. et sp. we do recognize that such a referral is a strong possibility. (Figs 1a and 2a; Supplementary Figs 1 and 2a–e). Diablophis gilmorei gen. nov., new combination Holotype. Left maxilla on block NHMUK R48388, Natural (Figs 1c–f and 2b,j; Supplementary Figs 10a–k and 11a–n; History Museum, London. Supplementary Videos 1–9). Locality horizon and age. Durlston Bay, Swanage, Dorset, England; Purbeck Limestone Formation (Upper Jurassic; Etymology.‘Diablo’, ‘devil’ (Spanish); ophis, snake (Greek); Tithonian/Lower Cretaceous; Berriasian). in recognition of type locality near Devil’s Canyon, Emended Diagnosis. Long low, ascending process of Colorado. maxilla; premaxillary process turned medially; narrow Holotype. LACM 4684/140572 (Los Angeles County prefrontal facet on ascending process of maxilla. Differs Museum), broken right maxilla, broken right mandible, from maxilla of Coniophis precedens in lacking medial and broken axis vertebra (revised holotype). process at anterior end, in having greater degree of Referred Specimens. Several precloacal vertebrae and one recurvature of teeth. Differs from Dinilysia patagonica in possible sacral vertebra LACM 4684/140572; broken right having gracile maxilla, relatively smaller teeth, less pro- dentary LACM 5572/120732 (all specimens originally 16 nounced medial deviation at anterior tip and relatively referred to Parviraptor gilmorei ); LACM 4684/120472, smaller palatine process. Differs from Portugalophis lignites four precloacal vertebrae, one caudal vertebra with large in having narrower premaxillary process. Differs from transverse processes. Diablophis gilmorei in having larger palatine process and Locality, horizon and age. From Fruita locality, Morrison in lacking medial curvature of anterior end of maxilla. Formation, Mesa County, Colorado, USA (Upper Jurassic; Kimmeridgian). Revised Description. Maxilla exposed in medial and dorsal views; Diagnosis. Small-bodied snake that differs from Parviraptor long, 24 tooth positions preserved, bearing low ascending process estesi and Portugalophis lignites in having smaller palatine 2 NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:5996 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996 ARTICLE ab m Palaeocene Laurasia Gondwana England Maastrichtian Sanajeh Indophis Madtsoia Campanian Kelyophis Coniophis Menarana Cerberophis Australophis ?Scolecophidia Late Santonian c g Coniacian Turonian Dinylisia Unnamed ‘alethnophidian’ Cenomanian d h Najash Albian Mesophis Pouitella Pachyophis Eupodophis Haasiophis Cretaceous Simoliophis Simoliophis ‘Coniophis’ Pachyrachis Lapparentophis e i Aptian Early Portugal Colorado Eur NA Afr India Barremian SA ME Mad Hauterivian f j Valanginian Berriasian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian kl Parviraptor Callovian Parviraptor aff. Bathonian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment J Assessment of Existing Paleontologic Data Along with Field Survey Results for the Jonah Field
    Attachment J Assessment of Existing Paleontologic Data Along with Field Survey Results for the Jonah Field June 12, 2007 ABSTRACT This is compilation of a technical analysis of existing paleontological data and a limited, selective paleontological field survey of the geologic bedrock formations that will be impacted on Federal lands by construction associated with energy development in the Jonah Field, Sublette County, Wyoming. The field survey was done on approximately 20% of the field, primarily where good bedrock was exposed or where there were existing, debris piles from recent construction. Some potentially rich areas were inaccessible due to biological restrictions. Heavily vegetated areas were not examined. All locality data are compiled in the separate confidential appendix D. Uinta Paleontological Associates Inc. was contracted to do this work through EnCana Oil & Gas Inc. In addition BP and Ultra Resources are partners in this project as they also have holdings in the Jonah Field. For this project, we reviewed a variety of geologic maps for the area (approximately 47 sections); none of maps have a scale better than 1:100,000. The Wyoming 1:500,000 geology map (Love and Christiansen, 1985) reveals two Eocene geologic formations with four members mapped within or near the Jonah Field (Wasatch – Alkali Creek and Main Body; Green River – Laney and Wilkins Peak members). In addition, Winterfeld’s 1997 paleontology report for the proposed Jonah Field II Project was reviewed carefully. After considerable review of the literature and museum data, it became obvious that the portion of the mapped Alkali Creek Member in the Jonah Field is probably misinterpreted.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    HAMADRYAD Vol. 27. No. 2. August, 2003 Date of issue: 31 August, 2003 ISSN 0972-205X CONTENTS T. -M. LEONG,L.L.GRISMER &MUMPUNI. Preliminary checklists of the herpetofauna of the Anambas and Natuna Islands (South China Sea) ..................................................165–174 T.-M. LEONG & C-F. LIM. The tadpole of Rana miopus Boulenger, 1918 from Peninsular Malaysia ...............175–178 N. D. RATHNAYAKE,N.D.HERATH,K.K.HEWAMATHES &S.JAYALATH. The thermal behaviour, diurnal activity pattern and body temperature of Varanus salvator in central Sri Lanka .........................179–184 B. TRIPATHY,B.PANDAV &R.C.PANIGRAHY. Hatching success and orientation in Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) at Rushikulya Rookery, Orissa, India ......................................185–192 L. QUYET &T.ZIEGLER. First record of the Chinese crocodile lizard from outside of China: report on a population of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 from north-eastern Vietnam ..................193–199 O. S. G. PAUWELS,V.MAMONEKENE,P.DUMONT,W.R.BRANCH,M.BURGER &S.LAVOUÉ. Diet records for Crocodylus cataphractus (Reptilia: Crocodylidae) at Lake Divangui, Ogooué-Maritime Province, south-western Gabon......................................................200–204 A. M. BAUER. On the status of the name Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) and its long-ignored senior synonym and secondary homonym, Oligodon taeniolatus (Daudin, 1803) ........................205–213 W. P. MCCORD,O.S.G.PAUWELS,R.BOUR,F.CHÉROT,J.IVERSON,P.C.H.PRITCHARD,K.THIRAKHUPT, W. KITIMASAK &T.BUNDHITWONGRUT. Chitra burmanica sensu Jaruthanin, 2002 (Testudines: Trionychidae): an unavailable name ............................................................214–216 V. GIRI,A.M.BAUER &N.CHATURVEDI. Notes on the distribution, natural history and variation of Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka, 1871 ................................................217–221 V. WALLACH.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Copy 2019 10 01 Herrera
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Herrera Flores, Jorge Alfredo A Title: The macroevolution and macroecology of Mesozoic lepidosaurs General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Herrera Flores, Jorge Alfredo A Title: The macroevolution and macroecology of Mesozoic lepidosaurs General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in Indonesia: Issues and Problems
    Copyright: © 2006 Iskandar and Erdelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4(1):60-87. duction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.1514/journal.arc.0040016 (2329KB PDF) The authors are responsible for the facts presented in this article and for the opinions expressed there- in, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organisation. The authors note that important literature which could not be incorporated into the text has been published follow- ing the drafting of this article. Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia: issues and problems DJOKO T. ISKANDAR1 * AND WALTER R. ERDELEN2 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10, Jalan Ganesa, Bandung 40132 INDONESIA 2Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE Abstract.—Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologi- cal origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptiles species.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication A new species of shieldtail snake (Squamata: Uropeltidae: Uropeltis) from the Bengaluru uplands, India S.R. Ganesh, K.G. Punith, Omkar D. Adhikari & N.S. Achyuthan 26 May 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 6 | Pages: 18508–18517 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6736.13.6.18508-18517 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18508–18517 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6736.13.6.18508-18517 #6736 | Received 22 September 2020 | Final received 29 April 2021 | Finally accepted 03 May 2021 COMMUNICATION A new species of shieldtail snake (Squamata: Uropeltdae: Uropelts) from the Bengaluru uplands, India S.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontological Discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina
    Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 21(2): 217-293, 2019 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Paleontological discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina Fernando. E. NOVAS1,2, Federico. L. AGNOLIN1,2,3, Sebastián ROZADILLA1,2, Alexis M. ARANCIAGA-ROLANDO1,2, Federico BRISSON-EGLI1,2, Matias J. MOTTA1,2, Mauricio CERRONI1,2, Martín D. EZCURRA2,5, Agustín G. MARTINELLI2,5, Julia S. D´ANGELO1,2, Gerardo ALVAREZ-HERRERA1, Adriel R. GENTIL1,2, Sergio BOGAN3, Nicolás R. CHIMENTO1,2, Jordi A. GARCÍA-MARSÀ1,2, Gastón LO COCO1,2, Sergio E. MIQUEL2,4, Fátima F. BRITO4, Ezequiel I. VERA2,6, 7, Valeria S. PEREZ LOINAZE2,6 , Mariela S. FERNÁNDEZ8 & Leonardo SALGADO2,9 1 Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina - fernovas@yahoo. com.ar. 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina. 3 Fundación de Historia Natural “Felix de Azara”, Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BDB Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Laboratorio de Malacología terrestre. División Invertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 5 Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 6 División Paleobotánica. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 7 Área de Paleontología. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Buenos Aires, Argentina. 8 Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET-INIBIOMA), Quintral 1250, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artx)r, Ml 48106-1346 USA U lM l 800-521-0600 UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE NEW RECORDS OF EARLY, MEDIAL, AND LATE CRETACEOUS LIZARDS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE CRETACEOUS LIZARD FAUNA OF NORTH AMERICA A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By RANDALL LAWRENCE NYDAM Norman, Oklahoma 2000 UMI Number 9962951 UMI UMI Microform9962951 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : Palaeobiological and Behavioral Implications Remi Allemand
    Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications Remi Allemand To cite this version: Remi Allemand. Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications. Paleontology. Museum national d’histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2017. English. NNT : 2017MNHN0015. tel-02375321 HAL Id: tel-02375321 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02375321 Submitted on 22 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2017 N° attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Paléontologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Rémi ALLEMAND Le 21 novembre 2017 Etude microtomographique de l’endocrâne de reptiles marins (Plesiosauria et Mosasauroidea) du Turonien (Crétacé supérieur) du Maroc : implications paléobiologiques et comportementales Sous la direction de : Mme BARDET Nathalie, Directrice de Recherche CNRS et les co-directions de : Mme VINCENT Peggy, Chargée de Recherche CNRS et Mme HOUSSAYE Alexandra, Chargée de Recherche CNRS Composition du jury : M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python
    Current Biology, Volume 27 Supplemental Information The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python Tony Gamble, Todd A. Castoe, Stuart V. Nielsen, Jaison L. Banks, Daren C. Card, Drew R. Schield, Gordon W. Schuett, and Warren Booth Figure S1. PCR validation of male-specific RAD markers in boa and python. Related to Figure 1. A. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in eleven male and eleven female Boa imperator. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. B. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in an additional eight male and eleven female Boa imperator. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. C. Photograph of South American Boa (Boa constrictor) from Goiás, Brazil. D. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in three male and three female Boa constrictor. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. E. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker M3 in twelve male and twelve female Python bivittatus. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image in panel F. F. Male-specific restriction digest of PCR amplicon (PCR-RFLP) from RAD marker M10 in twelve male and twelve female Python bivittatus. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. G. Cartoon illustrating PCR amplicons from the python RAD marker M10. The X and Y alleles are illustrated including the approximate position of the Y chromosome-specific SpeI restriction site. H. Gel image of python RAD marker M10 showing difference between digested and undigested PCR amplicons from a male Python bivittatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Dwarf Boas and a Comparison of Bayesian and Bootstrap Measures of Phylogenetic Support
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 (2002) 361–371 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support Thomas P. Wilcox, Derrick J. Zwickl, Tracy A. Heath, and David M. Hillis* Section of Integrative Biology and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA Received 4 February 2002; received in revised form 18 May 2002 Abstract Four New World genera of dwarf boas (Exiliboa, Trachyboa, Tropidophis, and Ungaliophis) have been placed by many syste- matists in a single group (traditionally called Tropidophiidae). However, the monophyly of this group has been questioned in several studies. Moreover, the overall relationships among basal snake lineages, including the placement of the dwarf boas, are poorly understood. We obtained mtDNAsequence data for 12S, 16S, and intervening tRNA–valgenes from 23 species of snakes repre- senting most major snake lineages, including all four genera of New World dwarf boas. We then examined the phylogenetic position of these species by estimating the phylogeny of the basal snakes. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that New World dwarf boas are not monophyletic. Instead, we find Exiliboa and Ungaliophis to be most closely related to sand boas (Erycinae), boas (Boinae), and advanced snakes (Caenophidea), whereas Tropidophis and Trachyboa form an independent clade that separated relatively early in snake radiation. Our estimate of snake phylogeny differs significantly in other ways from some previous estimates of snake phy- logeny. For instance, pythons do not cluster with boas and sand boas, but instead show a strong relationship with Loxocemus and Xenopeltis.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional History of the Chadron Formation in North Dakota
    Depositional History of the Chadron Formation in North Dakota by Clint A. Boyd1 and John R. Webster2 1North Dakota Geological Survey 2Geosciences, Minot State University REPORT OF INVESTIGATION NO. 120 NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Edward C. Murphy, State Geologist Lynn D. Helms, Director Dept. of Mineral Resources 2018 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Late Eocene Paleosols of North Dakota ......................................................................................... 3 Paleosols at White and Haystack Buttes (Stark County) ............................................................ 4 Description of Section 1 .......................................................................................................... 5 Description of Section 2 .......................................................................................................... 7 History of Paleosol Development ......................................................................................... 13 Interpretation ......................................................................................................................... 16
    [Show full text]