Passion and Intellect in the Music of Elizabeth Maconchy DBE (1907–1994)
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Passion and Intellect in the Music of Elizabeth Maconchy DBE (1907–1994) Ailie Blunnie Thesis submitted to the National University of Ireland, Maynooth for the degree of Master of Literature in Music Department of Music National University of Ireland, Maynooth Maynooth Co. Kildare July 2010 Head of Department: Professor Fiona Palmer Supervisor: Dr Martin O’Leary Contents Acknowledgements i List of Abbreviations iii List of Illustrations iv Preface ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Part 1: The Early Years (1907–1939): Life and Historical Context 8 Early Education 10 Royal College of Music 11 Octavia Scholarship and Promenade Concert 17 New Beginnings: Leaving College 19 Macnaghten–Lemare Concerts 22 Contracting Tuberculosis 26 Part 2: Music of the Early Years 31 National Trends 34 Maconchy’s Approach to Composition 36 Overview of Works of this Period 40 The Land: Introduction 44 The Land: Movement I: ‘Winter’ 48 The Land: Movement II: ‘Spring’ 52 The Land: Movement III: ‘Summer’ 55 The Land: Movement IV: ‘Autumn’ 57 The Land: Summary 59 The String Quartet in Context 61 Maconchy’s String Quartets of the Period 63 String Quartet No. 1: Introduction 69 String Quartet No. 1: Compositional Procedures 74 String Quartet No. 1: Summary 80 String Quartet No. 2: Introduction 81 String Quartet No. 2: Movement I 83 String Quartet No. 2: Movement II 88 String Quartet No. 2: Movement III 91 String Quartet No. 2: Movement IV 94 Part 2: Summary 97 Chapter 3 Part 1: The Middle Years (1940–1969): Life and Historical Context 100 World War II 101 After the War 104 Accomplishments of this Period 107 Creative Dissatisfaction 113 Part 2: Music of the Middle Years 115 National Trends 117 Overview of Works of this Period 117 The String Quartet in Context 121 Maconchy’s String Quartets of this Period 122 String Quartet No. 5: Introduction 125 String Quartet No. 5: Movement I 131 String Quartet No. 5: Movement II 135 String Quartet No. 5: Movement III 137 String Quartet No. 5: Movement IV 141 String Quartet No. 5: Summary 143 ‘Nocturnal’: Introduction 144 ‘Nocturnal’: Movement I: ‘Come’ 146 ‘Nocturnal’: Movement II: ‘Will you come?’ 148 ‘Nocturnal’: Movement III: ‘To the Night’ 150 ‘Nocturnal’: Summary 153 String Quartet No. 8: Introduction 156 String Quartet No. 8: Formal and Harmonic Strategies 159 String Quartet No. 8: Rhythmic and Textural Procedures 166 Part 2: Summary 170 Chapter 4 Part 1: The Late Years (1970–1994): Life and Historical Context 172 Independent Years: Broadened Musical Horizons 173 Broadened Literary Horizons 176 Reflection on Life as a Composer 179 The Final Years 181 Posthumous Events 182 Part 2: Music of the Late Years 184 Overview of Works of this Period 185 The String Quartet in Context 187 Maconchy’s String Quartets of this Period 188 The One-Movement Quartets: Introduction 189 The One-Movement Quartets: ‘Spontaneous Mutation’ 192 ‘Creatures’: Introduction 203 ‘Creatures’: I: ‘The Hen and the Carp’ 204 ‘Creatures’: II: ‘The Snail’ 204 ‘Creatures’: III: ‘Rendez-vous with a Beetle’ 205 ‘Creatures’: IV: ‘Tiger! Tiger!’ 206 ‘Creatures’: V: ‘Cat’s Funeral’ 206 ‘Creatures’: VI: ‘The Dove and the Wren’ 207 ‘Creatures’: VII: ‘Cat!’ 207 ‘Creatures’: Compositional Strategies 207 String Quartet No. 13 (Quartetto Corto): Introduction 211 String Quartet No. 13 (Quartetto Corto): Compositional Procedures 215 Part 2: Summary 219 Chapter 5 Conclusions 221 Appendices: Appendix I a: Teachers’ Terminal Report, RCM, Christmas, 1925 232 Appendix I b: Teachers’ Terminal Report, RCM, Midsummer, 1929 233 Appendix II: ‘Marriages: Mr. W.R. Le Fanu and Miss E.V. Maconchy’ 234 Appendix III: Blue Plaque Scheme 235 Appendix IV: Radcliffe Music Award Programme 236 Appendix V: String Quartet No. 7: sketches and revisions 237 Appendix VI: ‘Nocturnal’ texts 238 Appendix VII: String Quartet No. 8: sketches 241 Appendix VIII: Letter regarding Fellowship of RCM 249 Appendix IX: Leaflet relating to 80th-birthday concert 250 Appendix X: ‘Creatures’ cover of photocopy 251 Appendix XI: ‘Creatures’ texts 252 Appendix XII: String Quartet No. 13: ink spillage 257 Appendix XIII: Letter relating to String Quartet Competition 1985 258 Appendix XIV: Programme for String Quartet Competition 1985 259 Appendix XV: Chronology of works 260 Bibliography 268 Abstract 289 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and express my gratitude to a number of people for their kind assistance in my research for this dissertation. First and foremost, to my supervisor Dr Martin O’Leary, for his continuous guidance and support. Thank you also to Professor Fiona Palmer, Professor Gerard Gillen and all the staff of the Music Department at NUI Maynooth. I would like to extend my thanks to the staff of the following libraries and institutions: NUI Maynooth Library, Trinity College Dublin Library, the National Library of Ireland, the National Archives, the British Library, St Hilda’s College Oxford Library and Archives. The following individuals have also been very kind and helpful with my research: Regina Richardson, Music Librarian at NUI Maynooth, Elizabeth Boardman; Archivist at St Hilda’s College, Oxford; Jennifer Doctor, Sophie Fuller, Samuel Wilcocks at Chester Lending Library; David Redmond, Registrar; Michelle Berigan, Examinations Officer, and all the staff of the Exams Office. To Professor Nicola LeFanu, I am sincerely indebted, without whose generous assistance this project would not have been possible. i I am grateful to everyone involved in the Elizabeth Maconchy Archive, St Hilda’s College, Oxford, for permission to use the material contained in appendices. A special thank you to Róisín Blunnie, Anne Maxwell, Ciarán Mac an Bhaird, Karen McGrail, John, Ann and Colm Blunnie, Noel McKearney and Louise Flynn. ii Abbreviations BMIC British Music Information Centre CMC Contemporary Music Centre (Ireland) ISCM International Society for Contemporary Music MT The Musical Times RAM Royal Academy of Music, London RCM Royal College of Music, London RL Rehearsal Letter RN Rehearsal Number SPNM Society for the Promotion of New Music TLS The Times Literary Supplement WMA Workers Music Association iii List of Illustrations Music Examples: Ex. 1: Maconchy: The Land: I: b. 1–2 Ex. 2: Maconchy: The Land: I: b. 7 – RN 1, b. 1–2 Ex. 3: Maconchy: The Land: I: RN 2, b. 1–4 Ex. 4: Maconchy: The Land: II: b. 12–14 Ex. 5: Holst: The Planets: IV, ‘Jupiter’: b. 1–5 Ex. 6: Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream Op. 21: Overture: b. 8–11 Ex. 7: Maconchy: The Land: III: RN 16, b. 10–11 Ex. 8: Maconchy: The Land: III: RN 14, b. 1–3 Ex. 9: Maconchy: The Land: IV: RN 27, 1–8 Ex. 10: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: I: b.1–4 Ex. 11: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: II: RN 17, b. 12–22 Ex. 12: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: III: b. 1–5 Ex. 13: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: III: RN 27, b. 3–8 Ex. 14: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: IV: RN 29, b. 14–17 – RN 30, b. 1–4 Ex. 15: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: II: b. 1–9 Ex. 16: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 1: II: RN 14, b. 3–7 Ex. 17: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: b. 1–5 Ex. 18: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: RN 1, b. 9–10 Ex. 19: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: RN 3, b. 6–8 Ex. 20: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: RN 5, b. 1–5 Ex. 21: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: RN 7: b. 4 Ex. 22: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: I: b. 6–9 Ex. 23: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: II: b. 1–4 Ex. 24: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: II: RN 10, b. 12–15 Ex. 25: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: II: RN 11, b. 1–4 Ex. 26: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: II: RN 16, b. 1–4 iv Ex. 27: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: III: b. 1–4 Ex. 28: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 4: I: b. 82–85 Ex. 29: Janáček: Violin Sonata: I: b. 53–54 Ex. 30: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: IV: RN 28, b. 3–6 Ex. 31: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: IV: b. 5–6 Ex. 32: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 2: IV: RN 31, b. 5–8 – RN 32, b. 1 Ex. 33: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 1–2 Ex. 34: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 52–58 Ex. 35: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: II: b. 1–6 Ex. 36: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: III: b. 1–7 Ex. 37: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 28–30 Ex. 38: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 14–17 Ex. 39: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 109 Ex. 40: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: I: b. 5–9 Ex. 41: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: II: b. 1–3 (grace notes omitted) Ex. 42: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: II: b. 63–65 Ex. 43: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: III: b. 20–22 Ex. 44: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 12: III: RN 28, b. 3–4 Ex. 45: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: III: b. 34–36 Ex. 46: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: IV: b. 19–21 Ex. 47: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: IV: b. 87–89 Ex. 48: Maconchy: String Quartet No. 5: IV: b. 147 Ex. 49: Maconchy: Nocturnal: I: b. 1–3 Ex. 50: Maconchy: Nocturnal: I: b. 2–3 Ex. 51: Maconchy: Nocturnal: I: b. 15–19 Ex. 52: Maconchy: Nocturnal: II: b. 70–74 Ex. 53: Maconchy: Nocturnal: II: b. 1–3 Ex. 54: Maconchy: Nocturnal: III: b. 13–15 Ex. 55: Maconchy: Nocturnal: III: b. 17–18 v Ex.