Photo Credits

Fig.2.2 Ajinomoto, Inter-Technology Guide, Brochure, undated, page 2/3 (J) Fig. 2.3 The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Profile, undated, p. 5 (J IE) Fig.2.4 Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Fuji Laboratories, Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 2.5 Ciba Geigy International Research Laboratories, Brochure, undated, back cover (J) Fig.2.6 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Innovation for Tommorow, Brochure, October 1989, inside cover (J) Fig. 2.7 Photograph courtesy of Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Fig. 2.8 The Green Cross Corporation, Green Cross Central Research Laboratories, Brochure, December 1988, p. 3 (J IE) Fig.2.9 Hayashibara Group, Brochure, September 1988, p. 23/24 (E) Fig. 2.10 Hitachi, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (J) Fig. 2.11 Hoechst, Hoechst in Kawagoe, Brochure, undated, p. 2 (J) Fig. 2.12 Japan Synthetic Rubber, Tsukuba Research Center, Brochure, May 1989, cover (J) Fig. 2.13 Photograph courtesy of Kansai Paint Fig. 2.14 Kao, R&D Activities at Kao, Brochure, undated, p. 2 (E/J) Fig. 2.15 Kirin Biotechnology, Leaflet Collection, undated, unpaginated (E) Fig. 2.16 Komatsu, Research Division, Brochure, January 1990, p. 2 (J/E) Fig. 2.17 Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Brochure, May 1989, p. 13 (E) Fig. 2.18 Kyowa, Kyowa Hakko's R&D, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (J/E) Fig. 2.19 Lion Corporation, Annual Report 1988, p. 6 (E). Original photograph courtesy of Lion Co. Fig. 2.20 Meiji Milk Products, Meiji, Brochure, undated, p. 6/7 (E) Fig. 2.21 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Research and Development,Brochure, January 1990, p. 180 (E/J) Fig. 2.22 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd., Bioscience Research Center, Brochure, February 1986, p. 3 (J/E) Fig. 2.23 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Annual Report 1989, p. 10 (E) Fig. 2.24 Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Human Health Research for the 21st Century, Brochure, undated, inside cover (J IE) Fig. 2.25 Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Brochure, undated, p. 8 (J) Fig. 2.26 Nippon Roche Research Center, Brochure, undated, p. 18 (E/J) Fig. 2.27 Nippon Mining, In Quest of Main Stream of Biotechnology, Bioscience Research Laboratories, Brochure, undated, p. 1 (E) Fig. 2.28 Nitto Chemicals, Brochure, undated, p. 4 (J) Fig. 2.29 Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka Research Now, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 2.30 Sankyo Co., Ltd., A Guide to New Research Buildings, undated, p. 5 and 6 (E) Fig. 2.31 Snow Brand Embryo Transplantation Laboratory, Brochure, undated, p. 8 (J IE) Fig. 2.32 Suntory Pharmaceutical Division, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 2.33 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., R&D Activities at TaKeda, Brochure, undated, p. 19 (J/E) Fig. 2.34 Teijin Ltd., Brochure, undated, p. 5 (E) 724

Fig. 2.35 Toyobo Power, Brochure, April 1989, p. 15 (EjJ) Fig. 2.36 Unitika, R&D Center, Brochure, undated, back cover (J) Fig. 2.37 Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Guide to Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Company, undated, unpaginated (J) Fig. 2.38 Yakult Central Research Institute, Brochure, October 1988, p. 5 (E) Fig. 2.39 Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1989 Company Guide, Brochure, p. 7 (JjE)

Fig.4.1 RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Ann. Report, June 1989, p. 2 (E) Fig. 4.3 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Folder Titel (E) Fig. 4.4 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Brochure 1986, p. 18 (J) Fig.4.5 RIKEN Tsukuba Life Science Center, Brochure 1990, p. 17 (J) Fig. 4.6 Fermentation Research Institute, Brochure, undated, inside cover (J jE) Fig.4.7 National Chemical Laboratory for Industry, Brochure, undated, cover (JjE) Fig. 4.8 Directory of the Tsukuba Institutional Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, undated, cover (E) Fig.4.9 Science and Technology Agency (STA), National Laboratories and Research Public Corporations in Japan, Brochure 1987, p. (E) Fig. 4.11 National Institute for Agrobiological Resources, Brochure, March 1989 (E) Fig. 4.11 National Institute of Agroenvironmental Science, Brochure, July 1988, cover (J) Fig. 4.12 The National Cancer Center 1989, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 4.13 Science and Technology Agency (STA), National Laboratories and Research Public Corporations in Japan, Brochure 1987, p. (E) Fig. 4.14 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brochure, undated, p.2 (E) Fig. 4.15 National Laboratories and Research Public-Corporations in Japan, Science and Technology Agency, p. 21 (E) Fig. 4.16 Key-Tec News, 1986j10jNo. 1, p. 7 (J) Fig. 4.17 Key-Tec News, 1988j3jNo. 5, p. 3 (J) Fig. 4.18 Research Center for The Industrial Utilization of Marine Organisms, Corporate Profile, undated, back cover (E) Fig. 4.19 Marine Biotechnology Research Association, Sohgen Maru, Brochure, August 1989 (JjE) Fig. 4.21 Osaka Bioscience Institute OBI, Brochure, March 1989, p. 1 (E) Fig. 4.22 Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Opening the Gates of Life Science, Brochure, undated, p. 1 (E). Original photograph courtesy of Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences Fig. 4.23 The Kitasato Institute, Brochure, undated, p. 3 (E)

Fig.5.1 Monbusho 1989, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Government of Japan, Brochure, p. 16 (E) Fig. 5.3 Science and International Affairs Bureau, Monbusho, Research Cooperation between Universities and Industry, Brochure, undated, p. 20 (E). Original photograph courtesy of Mr. Ohyama Fig.5.5 Prefectural Government of Miyagi, Tohoku University. Brochure, undated Fig. 5.7 Tokyo Institute of Technology 1985, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 5.8 The University of Tokyo 1985, Brochure, cover (E) Fig. 5.9 Monbusho, Okazaki National Research Institutes. Brochure, 1988 (I jE) Fig. 5.10 National Institute of Genetics 1989, Brochure, cover (EjI) Fig. 5.13 Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brochure, undated, back inside cover (J)

Fig. 7.2 Tsukuba Research Consortium, post card Fig. 7.5 RIKEN - The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Frontier Research Program, Brochure, November 1987, p. 15 (I) 725

Fig. 7.12 National Research and Development Program, Aqua Renaissance '90 Project, undated, unpaginated (E) Fig. 7.16 RAPAD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E) Fig. 7.17 RAPAD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E) Fig. 7.18 RAPAD - Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development, Pilot Plants used in Synfuel Project, Brochure, undated, unpaginated (E)

Fig. 8.11 RIKEN - The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Japan Collection of Microorganisms, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 8.12 Fermentation Research Institute, Patent Microorganism Depository, Brochure, ndated, cover (E) Fig. 8.15 National Institute of Abrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gene Bank for a more prosperous and fruitful future, Brochure, undated, cover (E) Fig. 8.16 National Institute of Abrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gene Bank for a more prosperous and fruitful future, Brochure, undated, p. 7 (E) Fig. 8.17 National Laboratories and Research Public-Corporations in Japan, Part II, Science and Technology Agency, p. 6 (E)

Fig. 9.1 PR Committee, Tsukuba Science City, Tsukuba Science City, Research Institutes and Universities, Brochure, July 1987, p. 3 Fig. 9.2 Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, AIST Tsukuba Research Center, Brochure, undated, p. 1 (EjJ) Fig. 9.3 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directory of the Tsukuba Institutional Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Brochure, undated, cover Fig. 9.4 PR Committee, Tsukuba Science City, Tsukuba Science City, Research Institutes and Universities, Brochure, July 1987, p. 3 Fig. 9.7 Senri Life Science Center, Senri LC, Brochure, undated Fig. 9.9 R. D. Schmid, Japanische Wissenschaftsstaedte, Chemie in unserer Zeit 22 (5): 149- 161 (1988), VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim (G) Fig. 9.10 Kumamoto Prefecture Technopolis Center: Kumamoto Technopolis. Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.11 Okayama Prefecture, Planning and Development Office: Kibikogen City. Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.12 Sendai North Nucleus Business District Association: Sendai North Nucleus Business District. Brochure, undated, cover (J) Fig. 9.13 Kurume Research Park Office, Kurume Research Park. Brochure, April 1989, cover (J) Index of Abbreviations

AFP Alpha-FetoProtein AGRIS International Information System for Agricultural Sciences and Technology AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome AMS Advanced Medical Information System ANP Atrio-Natriuretic Peptide ANRE Agency for New Resources and Energy APA AminoPenicillanic Acid ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASPRONC Association for the Promotion of New Chemistry ATCC American Type Culture Collection ATL Adult T-cell Leukemia ATLA Anti Thymic Leukemia Antigen ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate BIDEC BIoindustry DEvelopment Corporation BRAIN Bio-oriented technology Research Advancement INstitution CEA CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen CHOC Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells CGIAR Consultative Group on International Research CSF Colony Stimulating Factor DDBJ DNA Data Bank of Japan DNA DesoxyriboNucleic Acid DO Dissolved Oxygen EGF Epidermal Growth Factor EIA Enzyme Immuno Assay EMBL European Molecular Biology Laboratory EPO ErythroPOyetin ERATO Exploratory Research for Advanced TechnolOgy FlLP Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme FRG Federal Republic of Germany FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GILSP Good Industrial Large Scale Practice GMD Gesellschaft fUr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung GNP Gross National Product h-, H- human HB Hepatitis B HCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HFSP Human Frontier Science Program HFSPO Human Frontier Science Organization HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HLA Human Lymphocyte Antigen 727

HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography lAP Intracisternal A Particle IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Resources IFO Institute for Fermentation, Osaka IgE Immunoglobulin E IgG Immunoglobulin G IL InterLeukin IMSR Information Management Service and Research ISO International Standardization Organization ITC Industrial Technology Council JAICI JApan Institute for Chemical Information JAMSTEC JApan Marine Science and TEchnology Center Japan Key Tec Japan Key Technology Center JAPIC JApan Pharmaceutical Information Center JAPATIC JApan PATent Information Center JAPIO JApan Patent Information Organization JASI Japanese Agricultural Sciences Index JBA Japan Bioindustry Association JCM Japan Collection of Microorganisms JCRB Japan Cancer Research resources Bank JOB Japan Development Bank JET Japan Exchange and Teaching program JETRO Japan External TRade Organization JFCC Japan Federation of Culture Collections JICST Japan Information Center on Science and Technology JIS Japan Industrial Standard JISC Japan Industrial Standards Committee JISTEC Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center JOIS Japan On-line Information System JRDC Japan Research Development Corporation JSA Japan Standards Association JSPS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science LDC Low Developed Countries LDL Low Density Lipoprotein m- mouse MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MBI Marine Biotechnology Institute MHW Ministry of Health and Welfare Mm Ministry of International Trade and Industry MONBUSHO Ministry of Education, Science and Culture NACSIS NAtional Center for Science Information System NDL National Diet Library NEDO New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization NEEDS Nikkei ElEctronic Data System NIBS Nippon Institute of Biological Sciences NIE Newly Industrialized Economies NIHS National Institute of Hygienic Sciences Nikkei Nihon Keizai Shinbun NRIB National Research Institute of Brewing NTT National Telephone and Telegraph OBI Osaka Bioscience Institute OECD Organization of EConomic Development 728

OTC Over The Counter PATOLIS PATent On-Line System PERI Protein Engineering Research Institute PSTI Pancreatic Serum Trypsin Inhibitor PTH Parathyroid hormone R&D Research and Development RAPAD Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development RCAST Research Center of Advanced Science and Technology rDNA recombinant DNA RECRAS Retrieval System for Current Research in the Agricultural Sciences RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RIA RadioImmuno Assay RIIffiN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RITE Research Institute for Technology on the global Environment RNA RiboNucleic Acid SCP Single-Cell Protein SOD Superoxide dismutase STA Science and Technology Agency STN Scientific and Technical information Network TGF Transforming Growth Factor TIS Toyo Information System TNF Tumor necrosis factor TPA, t-PA Tissue plasminogen activator TSH Thyroid Stimulating Aantigen TV TeleVision UNEP United Nations Environment Program USA United States of America USSR Union of the Social Soviet Republics WFCC World Federation of Culture Collections Index of Names

Abe, Shin-ichi 56 Aomi, Jun-ichi 294 Abe, Shinya 171 Aoyama, Yasuhiro 450 Abe, Takashi 125 Arai, Mamoru 223 Abe, Yasuhisa 72 Arai, Takao 410 Adachi, Shoji 520 Arai, Taketoshi 422 Adachi, Shuji 464 Arakawa, Eitaro 40 Agematsu, Junichi 201 Araki, Hideyuki 221 Aiba, Takaaki 132 Araki, Mikio 488 Aihara, Yuzo 453 Arami,Osamu 498,499 Aisaka, N. 336 Arano, Kojiro 471 Aizawa, Hideyuki 293 Arao, Yasuichi 301 Aizawa, Masao 428 Ariga, Hiroyoshi 390 Aizawa, Noboru 162 Arima, Akito 317 Akamatsu, Yuzuru 350, 351 Arima, Iratsato 435 Akano, Toru 111 Asada, Taiji 497 Akao, Mitaro 405 Asada, Toshio 425 Akasawa, Takashi 454 Asahi, Tadashi 453 Akatsuka, Joe S. 177 Asai, Tsuneo 294 Akazawa, Haruo 172 Asami, Takaaki 541 Akazawa, Osamu 64 Asano, Katsuyuki 260 Akimoto, Hajime 361 Asano, Makshige 358 Akiyama, Yuuichi 573 Asano, Rou 494 Akutsu, Seiichi 231 Ashida, Tamakazu 453 Albertini, Alberto 565 Atsuji, Yuuji 332 Amano, Hiroyuki 66 Atsumi, Hirotaka 94 Amano, Keisuke 536 Ayuzawa, Hiroshi 458 Amano, Yoshifumi 467 Bajo, Takehiko 460 Amanuma, Hiroshi 328 Bando, Mao 72 Amari, Shun-ichi 300,566 Bannen, Toru 437 Amemiya, Hiroshi 353 Beppu, Teruhiko 312,438 Ameyama, Hiroshi 509 Boycott, B. B. 565 Anato, Kazuo 427,429 Bujard, Hermann 565 Ando, Tadahiko 418 Cape, Ronald 566 Ando, Tsuyoshi 392 Chiba, Akira 271 Angei, Kenji 507 Chiba, Hideo 526 Anraku, Yasuhiro 456 Chiba, Kaoru 89 Anzai, Shigeru 508 Chiba, Seiya 387 Aoki, Kiyoshi 318, 423 Chiba, Takeshi 421 Aoki, Mikio 38 Chihara, Mitsuo 533 Aoki, Shohei 344 Chikano, Takahide 227 Aoki, Y ousuke 358 Chino, Fumitoshi 350,351 730

Cynader, Max 565 Fukuda,Suguru 445 Date, T. 661 Fukui, Fumio 242 Dhara, Makoto 285 Fukui, Kenichi 317 Doerfler, Walter 565 Fukui, Masanobu 350 Do~ Seiji 92 Fukui, Saburo 570 Ebashi, Setsuro 294, 457, 566 Fukui, Sakuzo 511 Ebina, Yosuke 507 Fuk~ Toshiro 495 Egami, Nobuo 544 Fukushima, Tatsu 471 Eguchi, Masaharu 473 Fukutom~ Kazuo 358 Eij~ Shinichiro 394 Fukuya, Kiyoshi 107 Enatsu, Tadashi 228 Fumimaro, Takaku 312 Endo, Akira 433 Funada, Tadashi 184 Endo, Isao 325 Funatsu, Masaru 513 Endo, Mamoru 141 Fur~ Tetsuhiko 522 Endo,Sho 520 Furui~ Yasuhiro 186 Enomoto, Masatoshi 502 Furukawa, Hiroshi 202 Fasella, Paolo 566 Furukawa,Kellchiro 255 Fedorof, Nina 566 Furusaka, Choseki 540 Fowa, Kellchiro 361 Furusawa, Jun 248 FrezaI, Jean 5(i5 Furusawa, MitSur'u 53,558 Friesen, James D. 565 Furuya, Masaki 562 Fueki, Kazuo 301,541 Furuya, Toshiro 516 Fuji, Naoki 317 Furuyama, Junzo 244 Fujihira, Masamichi 428 Furuzaki, Shintaro 438 Fujll, Noboru 521 Fut~ Shoko 495 Fujii, Shoji 474 Fuwa, Tohu 277 Fujii, Takaaki 403 Fuwatari, Ryo 276 Fujii, Toru 140 Gachelin, Gabriel 561 Fujii, Yoshiaki 398 Gamou, Takuma 341,343 Fujiki, Hirota 352 Garcia-Bellido, A. 566 Fujimori, Takao 146 Garito, Anthony F. 562 Fujimoto, Daisaburo 433 Goffeau, Andre 566 Fujimoto, Tadaaki 234 Gohki, Tatsuo 280 Fujimura, Hiroshi 157 Gojo, Shoichi 212 Fujimura, Kouichi 51 Goodman, Corey S. 566 Fujio, Hajime 495,496 Goto, Hiroshi 255 Fujioka, Motoji 466 Goto, Teruji 467 Fujisawa, Hisao 476 Gotoh, Sukehiro 361 Fujishima, Tetsuro 283 Gros, Francois 565 Fujita, Masahiko 358 Gunj~ Atsuaki 358 Fujita, Michinari 457 Gunji, Susumi 361 Fujita, Teruyuki 464 Gunya, Tokuro 514 Fujita, Yasutaro 511 Hagiwara, Hideaki 101 Fujita, Yoshihiko 456 Hagiwara, Hiroyuki 335 Fujita, Yukio 264 Hakuta, Toshikatsu 335 Fujitake, Yoshide 190 Hamada, Tetsuo 406 Fujiwara, Keigi 353 Hamaguchi, Keizo 490 Fukami, Yasuo 472 Hamaoka, Heiichi 301 Fukazawa, Yoshimura 544 Han, Yoshio 387 Fukube, Kenjiro 426 Hanada, Kazunori 253 Fukuda, Hideo 514, 574 Hanada, Kouichi 45 Fukuda, Kenzo 335 Hara, Shodo 360 Fukuda, Ryuji 448 Hara, Yukihiko 156 731

Harada, Hideki 450 Higuchi, Ryumasa 482 Harada, Hiroshi 318,527 Hijikata, Takeshi 570,583 Harada, Masatoshi 354 Hinata, Kokichi 397 Harano, Sahukuro 486 Hino, Tadauki 124 Harrison, Victoria 565 Hino, Toshihiko 341 Hasegawa, Masmitsu 353 Hiraga, Shota 515 Hashida, Wataru 65 Hiraishi, Jiro 335 Hashimoto, Eiji 511 Hirakawa, Kimio 301 Hashimoto, Hiraki 249 Hirano, Shigehiro 509 Hashimoto, Hironobu 427, 429 Hirano, Shin-ichi 659 Hashimoto, Katsuyuki 660 Hirasawa, Rei 301 Hashimoto, Kenji 477 Hirata, Haruhisa 275 Hashimoto, Kensuku 511 Hiratani, Hajime 104 Hashimoto, Osamu 165 Hirayama, Osamu 506 Hashimoto, Ryutaro 293 Hirobe, Masaaki 437 Hashimoto, Susumu 492 Hiroishi, Shingo 240 Hashimoto, Yoichi 408 Hirokawa, Hideo 423 Hashimoto, Yoshiyuki 397 Hiromu, Sugamu 159 Hashizume, Kazumoto 344 Hirose, Y oichi 71 Hata, Fujiki 530 Hoita, Saburo 133 Hata, Kunio 105 Hokujo, Nobumasa 461 Hatake, Tsujiaki 428 Hombo, Kiichiro 90 Hatakeyama,Osamu 137, 241 Homoto, Isao 404 Hatanaka, Hiroshi 494 Hondo, Masao 39 Hatano, Masahiro 401 Honjo, Shigeo 350, 351, 359 Hattori, Masanori 301 Honma, Takemitsu 211 Hattori, Shigeru 335 Honshou, Yu 475 Hayaishi, Osamu 369, 556 Hori, Hiroshi 389 Hayakawa, Tadao 462 Hori, Kosuke 293 Hayakawa, Takao 312 Hori, Makoto 422 Hayakawa, Yukio 451 Horiba, Masao 301 Hayami, A. 347 Horibe, Hiroshi 353 Hayashi, Harusuke 390 Horibe, Kazuo 483 Hayashi, Kenichi 294 Horie, Masaharu 100 Hayashi, Kenji 358 Horikoshi, Hiroki 428 Hayashi, Kosaburo 393 Horikoshi, Koki 326,557 Hayashi, Masayoshi 301 Horio, Koichi 494 Hayashi, Mitsunori 499 Horita, 440 Hayashi, Shinji 508 Horitsu, Hiroaki 447 Hayashi, Shiro 112 Horiuchi, Hisashi 174 Hayashi, Toshiro 407 Horiuchi, Tadaro 518 Hayashi, Yujizo 301 Hoshi, Akio 352 Hayashi, Yuzo 355 Hoshikawa, Seishin 397 Hess, Benno 565 Hosoi, Kozo 463 Higaki, Taiji 113 Hosomi, Atsushi 63 Higashi, Ichiro 391 Hosotani, Morimasa 532 Higashi, Shiro 512 Ibata, Shin-ichi 52 Higashida, N akaaki 448 Ichihara, Akira 507 Higashimura, Toshinobu 543,659 Ichijima, Hideharu 398 Higash}nakagawa, Toru 371 Ichikawa, Atsunobu 317,428 Higashino, Shuji 386 Ichikawa, Tomio 357 Higashiura, Tadashai 54 Ichinoe, Kenji 431 Higuchi, Keiji 317 Ichinose, Hisashi 199 732

Ide, Hideto 414 Ishihara, Tomoo 317 Ideguchi, Shousuke 484 Ishii, Sunsuke 328 Igakami, lImo 460 Ishii, Takamochi 300,312 Igata, Akihiro 512 Ishii, Toshiro 212 Iguchi, Hiroo 456 Ishikawa, Fujio 570 Iguchi, M. 336 Ishikawa, Haruo 487 lida, Shigeru 420 Ishikawa, Masahiro 119 lida, Yohtaro 293 Ishikawa, S. 336 lijima, Teiji 374, 647, 652 Ishikawa, Tadao 317,415 fino, Kyuei 344 Ishimaru, Takaji 598 lizuka, Eisaku 462 Ishimoto, Akitoshi 481 lizuka, Tetsutaro 325 Ishimoto, Itsutoshi 388 Iizuka, Toshihiko 387 Ishiwa, Sadao 419 Ikada, Yoshito 475 Ishizaki, Fumisugi 519 lkawa, Yoji 294, 298, 328, 561, 562 Ishizuka, Goro 341 Ikeda, Hayato 688 Ishizuka, Morio 414 Ikeda, Hideo 442 Iso, Koujirou 195 Ikeda, Joh-E 560 Isogai, Yukihide 540 Ikeda, Masakazu 452 Isono, Kiyoshi 326, 472 Ikegami, Yusaku 401 Itakura, Hiroshige 357,603 Ikehara, Morio 213, 364, 531 Itakura, Jo 261 Ikenaga, Mitsuo 475 Ito, Akinori 144 Ikezawa, Koro 451 Ito, Hajime 416 Imagawa, Kenichi 210 Ito, Hiroshi 416,432 Imahori, Kazutomo 370, 570, 538 Ito, Katsumi 171 Imai, Ken-ichi 300 Ito,Kazuaki 297 Imai, Mutsuro 480 Ito,Kazuo 155 Imamiya, Shunichiro 416 Ito, Masanoro 516 Imamura, Hikaru 99 Ito, Masao 318,538,541,563,566 Imamura, Takashi 458 Ito, Michio 463 Imanaka, Tadayuki 492 Ito, Ryoichi 357 Imanishi, Yukio 659 Ito, Satoru 68 Imayasu, Satoshi 206 Ito, Shingo 294,347 Inaba, Fumio 558 Ito, Shizuo 514 Inagaki, Haruo 345 Ito, Yoshikazu 293 Iniwa, Hideo 436 Ito, Yoshio 139, 355 Inose, Hiroshi 293, 300 Ito, Yukiaki 481 Inoue, Isao 507 Iwadare, Shuichi 43 Inoue, Kiyoshi 300 Iwahara, Shojiro 500 Inoue, Masahisa 406 Iwamoto, Hiroaki 417 Inoue, Sakae 358 Iwamoto, Mutsuo 344 Inoue, Shunzo 39 Iwaro, Junichi 224 Inoue, Yasuo 436 Iwasaki, Hitoshi 325 Inoue, Yorinao 326 Iwasaki, Isao 236 Irie, Tatehisa 358 Iwasaki, Nario 440 Irita, Masami 53 Iwasaki, Shinjiro 147 Iriyaza, Akira 478 Iwasaki, Shunichi 399 Isaka, Hiroshi 355 Iwasaki, Teruo 472 Ise, Norio 477 Iwase, Masao 523 Ishida, Yusaburo 478 Iwashima, Kiyoshi 358 Ishidate, Motoi 355 Iwata, Seiji 301 Ishiguro, Takehiko 301 Iwatsuka, Hisashi 256 Ishihama, Akira 458 Izaki, Kazuo 398 733

Izumi, J\kimasa 360 Kasuya, Tadao 659 Janin, Joel 565 Kasuya, Takahiro 325 Jimbo, Tsutomu 47 Katagiri, Masayuki 447 Jin, Hisanori 94 Kataya, Ken-ichi 179 Jones, Edward G. 563 Katayama, Nihachiro 586 Kadota, Noriaki 254 Kato, J\kira 446 Kadowaki, Kiyoshi 80 Kato, Jira 506 Kadowaki, Teiji 474 Kato, Mikio 294, 300, 336, 366, 581 Kadoya, Tadaaki 479 Kato, Noboru 86, 452 Kagawa, Yasuo 566 Kato, Shiro 537 Kageura, Tsuyoshi 87 Katoda, Shigeyoshi 402 Kai, Hideaki 519 Katsube, Yukiteru 494 Kai, Hidenori 509 Katsunuma, Nobuhiko 507 Kaifu, Toshiki 293 Kawabata, Narisugi 473 Kaizuma, Kyohiko 394 Kawabe, Haruhide 75 Kakimoto, Yasuo 542 Kawada, Hiroo 293,300 Kakinuma, Mitsuaki 391 Kawaguchi, Kazumi 341,658 Kako, Shunji 509 Kawai, Hayao 317 Kamata, Tadao 344 Kawai, Takehiko 218 Kamataki, Tetsuya 390 Kawai, Terukazu 192 Kametani, Y oshiya 198 Kawakami, Kenro 426 Kameya, Tetsuji 414 Kawakita, Akihiko 98 Kameyama, Masakuni 294 Kawamoto, Masahiro 57 Kameyama, Tadanori 447, 449 Kawamura, Hiroshi 371 Kamibayashi, Akira 51 Kawamura, Sugio 332,656 Kamijo, Shinichiro 362 Kawamura, Yoshitake 282 Kaminuma, Tsuguchika 355 Kawamura, Yoshiya 167 Kamio, Masayoshi 344 Kawano, Tadao 419 Kamitani, Akira 390 Kawano, Takatsugo 214 Kamiya, Shozo 355 Kawasaki, Hironoshin 355 Kamizawa, Chiyoshi 335 Kawasaki, Toshio 533 Kamoda, Hironobu 240 Kawasaki, Tsuneshi 119 Kamori, Ken 500 Kawase, Akira 335 Kanachika, Osamu 506 Kawashima, Ryoichi 307 Kanagawa, Sadaji 243 Kawashima, Yuji 169 Kanashima, Masashi 508 Kawasugi, Tadaaki 129 Kanazaki, Kiyoshi 163 Kawate, Shohei 470 Kanbara, Chikara 301 Kawazoe, Toshiyuki 414 Kanbara, Norio 235 Kawazu, Kazuki 504 Kanda, Ryuji 88 Kaya, Y oichi 300 Kaneda, Chuukichi 345 Kendrew, Sir John 566 Kaneda, Makoto 512 Kido, Makoto 482 Kanehisa, Hiroshi 480 Kikuchi, Kenichi 181 Kaneko, Akimichi 457 Kikuchi, Kenki 601 Kanji, Torizuka 445 Kikuchi, Masakazu 364 Kannan, Akira 232 Kikuchi, Tateki 357 Kanno, Takao 200 Kikuchi, Toru 466 Kano, Mutsuro 430 Kikuch~ Toshiharu 530 Kariya, Masao 102 Kikuchi, Yasuo 141 Karube, Isao 318, 428, 429, 441, 531, 573 Kikuike, Shinichi 426 Kasahara, Yukio 300 Kikumoto, Toshio 400 Kasai, Naoya 58 Kikutake, Jun-ichiro 225 Kashiwagi, H. 337 Kimura, Haruo 221 734

Kimura, Hikaru 482 Komagata, Kazuo 573 Kimura, Hitoshi 500 Komamine, Atsushi 398 Kimura, Ishizue 417 Komano, Toru 478 Kimura, Junichi 262 Komatsu, Seiji 307 Kimura, Junji 84 Komatsu, Takao 199 Kimura, Shosaburo 317 Komazawa, Nobuaki 262 Kimura, Shuichi 401 Komeyama, Taira 432 Kinemura, Yoshiaki 67 Kominami, Minoru 45 Kinoshita, Shukuo 570 Komoritani, Izumi 136 Kinoshita, Toru 301 Komuro, Katutoshi 350 Kira, Akira 326 Konakahara, Takeo 419 Kishi, Kunihei 293 Kondo, Hirosumi 506 Kishi, Shigeo 191 Kondo, Jiro 293, 294, 317 Kishimoto, Tadazo 489 Konishi, Hiroaki 181 Kishimoto, Toshio 421 Konno, Hiroshi 40 Kishita, Toshiro 387 Konno, Seishi 279 Kitagawa, Osamu 431 Konno, Yuri 300 Kitagyomon, Manabu 519 Konobe, Takeo 111 Kitahara, Yasusada 293,294 Korn, Henri 565 Kitamoto, Yutaka 509 Kosaka, Toshio 457 Kitamura, Takashi 350,351 Kosaki, Akira 102 Kitazume, Tomoya 427 Koshy, Rajen 489 Kitsushiki, Masao 419 Kotaka, Toshihiko 58 Kobamoto, Naotada 522 Koyama, Hideki 412 Kobashi, Koji 659 Koyama, Jiro 348,390 Kobayashi, Akio 194 Koyama, Tetsuo 418 Kobayashi, Fujio 346 Koyama, Tsutomu 350 Kobayashi, Isao 453 Koyanagi, Shinichi 237 Kobayashi, Noboru 603 Kubo, Toshiyuki 423 Kobayashi, Shigeyasu 45 Kubota, Yasuyoshi 507 Kobayashi, Shinya 360 Kubota, Yukiho 515 Kobayashi, Shuhei 357 Kuboyama, Morio 176 Kobayashi, Toshio 344 Kuchino, Yoshiyuki 352 Kobayashi, Yoji 126 Kudou, Hajime 387 Koda, Takao 659 Kumagai, Susumu 350,351 Kodaira, Tasuku 617 Kumatani, Nobuteru 488 Kodama, Toru 438 Kume, Takashi 67,275 Koga, Setsuo 83 Kume, Yutaka 300 Koga, Toshihiko 350 Kunitake, Toyoki 559 Koganezawa, Hideo 151 Kuno, Sho 457 Kohashi, Kazutami 129 Kurachi, Shogo 300 Kohata, Mamoru 574 Kuraishi, K. 433 Kohsaka, Shinichi 356 Kuraishi, 537 Koide, Akiichiro 466 Kuramasu, S. 373 Koide, Kozo 427 Kurashige, Shuji 180 Koide, Tsutomu 352 Kurata, Takeshi 350 Koide, Y oshio 117 Kuriya, Kazuhiko 509 Koike, Katuro 312 Kuroda, Yukiteru 529 Koizumi, Kourou 345 Kurokawa, Yuji 355 Kojima, Koyo 358 Kurotani, Yasuo 505 Kojima, Takemasa 252 Kusa, Mamoru 401 Kojima, Y oshio 464 Kusumoto, Shoichi 490 Koketsu, Mitsuru 170 Kusunokida, Hisao 523 735

Kuwahara, Masaaki 500 Matsuo, Tsugio 573 Kuwana, Takashi 345 Matsushima, Hisashi 408 Kyogaku, Yoshimasa 494 Matsushita, Hidetsuru 358,361 Lerner, Michele 565 Matsushita, Masao 93 Machi, Dueo 298 Matsushita, Takayuki 491 Maeda, Eizo 454 Matsuzaki, Tetsuya 357 Maeda, Hidekatsu 332 Matsuzawa, Hideo 243 Maegawa, Tadashi 405 Meyerowitz, Elliot 566 Magaki, Yasumoto 601 Mihara, Shigeru 61 Magara, Yasumto 358 Mihara, Shizuo 37 Makino, Noboru 301 Mikado, Soichi 495 Makino, Tadao 453 Mikam~ Eiichi 332 Makita, Akira 391 Mikawa, Shiho 437 Manabe, Masaru 344 Mikuriya, Kenta 284 Marushige, Shingo 453 Miller, James 565 Maruyama, Hiromi B. 86 Milstein, Cesar 565 Masada, Makoto 429 Mimura, Tsutomu 491 Masakawa, Yasuaki 125 Minagawa, Tomonori 391 Masuda, Akiyoshi 177 Minakami, Atsuo 226 Masuda, Hisashi 618 Minam~ Kiyoshi 237 Masuda, Toru 477 Minami, Zenro 166 Masuzawa, Kuniyasu 134 Minamiura, Noji 485 Matsubara, Fujiyoshi 473 Minato, Kanji 258 Matsubara, Ken-ichi 298, 318, 488 Minesuga, Yousetsu 450 Matsubara, Sachiko 504 Minowa, Masumi 358 Matsubara, Yo 490 Mise, Katsutoshi 312,355 Matsubashi, Toshio 439 Mishima, Hideo 76 Matsuda, Fujishiro 431 Mita, Katsushike 317 Matsuda, Hideyuki 506 Mitsui, Takashi 326 Matsuda, Kazuo 407 Mitsumata, Tadayasu 144 Matsuda, Takehisa 353,602 Mitsuoka, Tomotari 326,562 Matsudai, 496 Mitsutake, Tyoma 172 Matsudaira, Hiromichi 294 Miura, Kazunobu 128 Matsui, Masayoshi 152 Miura, Yoshiatsu 491 Matsui, Nobuo 455 Miwa, Hajime 107 Matsui, Shigeru 93 Miwa, Masano 352 Matsui, Tomikazu 48 Miwat~ Toshio 528 Matsukado, Yasuhiko 514 Miyachi, Shigeru 511 Matsumoto, Gen 337 Miyagawa, Matsuo 301 Matsumoto, Goro 393 Miyaishi, Takeo 137 Matsumoto, Hajime 399 Miyaj~ Shigetou 439 Matsumoto, Hideaki 505 Miyaj~ Yusho 133 Matsumoto, Junji 542 Miyakawa, Atsuo 206 Matsumoto, Tadashi 393 Miyake, Tadashi 371 Matsumura, Chi 335 Miyake, Yoshihiro 353 Matsumura, Ikutoshi 183 Miyamoto, Takuji 216 Matsumura, Yoshikazu 273 Miyamoto, Toshihiko 188 Matsumura, Yoshito 265 Miyasato, Kazuko 358 Matsunaga, Hide 458 Miyashita, Nobukatsu 278 Matsunaga, Tepopei 117 Miyawaki, Koichiro 534 Matsunaka, Katsumi 49 Miyazaki, Hidetoshi 235 Matsuno, Koichiro 450 Miyazaki, Hiromichi 293 Matsuo, Hisayuki 353 Miyazaki, Masasumi 452 736

Mizukoshi, Kohji 354 Murao, Sawao 513 Mizuno, Hideo 464 Muraoka, Kouji 361 Mizuno, Koji 185 Murasato, Shohachi 98 Mizuno, Satoshi 350, 351 Murata, Akira 523 Mizuno, Shigeki 398 Murata, Takao 341,343 Mizuno, Sukeaki 392 Murata, Toshiro 312 Mizuno, Takuro 59 Nabeshima, Yoichi 357 Mizuno, Tsutakazu 424 Nagahama, Yoshitaka 456 Mizunoe, Kimifusa 374 Nagahisa, Eizo 190 Mizushima, Akiji 439 Nagai, Hiroshi 89 Mizushima, Takeshi 453 Nagai, Katsutaka 436,461 Mizutani, Junya 559 Nagai, Shiro 499,573 Mokunan, Ryo 459 Nagakura, Saburo 317 Momose, Haruo 421 Nagano, Hiroshi 283 Mori, Akihiko 118 Nagao, Minako 352 Mori, Akitane 503 Nagasaki, Kame 501 Mori, Hajime 251 Nagasawa, Katsutoshi 570 Mor~ Hiroyuki 96 Nagasawa, Takeshi 197 Mor~ Tadahiro 506 Nagata, Ryoichi 238 Mori, Toshito 127 Nagata, Shigekazu 369,484 Mori, Watarutakeyai93, 294, 312, 317, 318 Nagata, Toru 345 Mori, Yoshio 173 Nagata, Toshiyuki 456 Mor~ Yuzuru 245 Nagatani, Atsuhiro 489 Morii, Seiji 293,301 Nagatsu, Shunji 452 Morikawa, Hiroshi 550 Nagayama, Fumio 434 Morikawa, Kousuke 364 Naguma, Shoichi 416 Morikuchi, Michiaki 521 Nagumo, Jin-ichi 294 Morimoto, Keiichi 122 Naito, Masaaki 361 Morimoto, Masayoshi 109 Naito, Toshikuni 209 Morimoto, Teruhiko 164 Nakada, 495 Morioka, Yoshimasa 499 Nakagawa, Ryouchi 216 Morishima, Isao 477 Nakagawa, Takeshi 611 Morishita, Tatsuo 483 Nakagawa, Tsutomu 573 Morisue, Toshiya 453 Nakagome, Y. 661 Morita, Fumio 388 Nakahara, Tamiya 281 Morita, Fusaku 519 Nakahara, Tsuneo 300,364 Morita, Katsura 297 Nakai, Sayaka 412 Morita, Shiro 516 Nakajima, Hideo 312 Moriya, Hiroshi 420 Nakajima, Katsuhisa 442 Morohoshi, Noriyuki 433 Nakajima, Kenji 343 Motoda, Shosaku 60 Nakajima, Tsuji 207 Motokawa, Yutaro 507 Nakamoto, Yasumasa 173 Mukai, Tsunehiro 353 Nakamura, Aki2sugitara 490 Mukoi, Terumi 517 Nakamura, Akitada 355 Murai, Atsuo 652 Nakamura, Arinobu 420 Murak~ Kazuo 409,41 Nakamura, Haruki 364 Murakam~ Ken 362 Nakamura, Keiko 301 Murakam~ Masataka 361, 362 Nakamura, Makoto 91 Murakam~ Shohachi 270 Nakamura, Masao 301 Murakami, Teruhiko 434 Nakamura, Shun 356 Murakami, Yukito 518 Nakamura, Tadaaki 602 Mur~ Hiroyuki 467 Nakamura, Yoshihiro 332 Muramatsu, Masayoshi 436,661 Nakamura, Youji 573 737

Nakane, Chie 317 Nishiyama, Terasu 79 Nakanishi, Kazuhiro 504 Nishizawa, Junichi 317,399 Nakanishi, Shigetada 477 Nishizawa, Yoshihiko 570 Nakanishi, Shui 232 Nishizuka, Yasuaki 535 Nakao, Makoto 430 Noda, Kazuhiko 412 Nakaoki, Yutaka 300 Nofuku, Shigeo 397 Nakase, Takashi 326, 654 Noguchi, Hisateru 249 Nakasone, Yasuhiro 563 Noguchi, Sumio 81 Nakata, Toshio 155 Nojima, Shoushichi 317,318 Nakata, Yoshiaki 407 Nojiro, Kikuo 432 Nakatani, Rintaro 312, 430 Noka, Jun-ichi 263 Nakatsu, Seichiro 512 Nomoto, Shinya 410 Nakayama, Hiroyuki 113 Nomura, Tashiji 318 Nakayama, Kazuhumi 160 Nomura, Tetsuji 445 Nakayama, Mitsuru 487 Nonaka, Ikuya 356 Nakayama,Ooki 573 Nonomura, Hideo 525 Nakayama, Yoshitake 513 Nonomura, Minoru 434 Nakazu, Seichiro 520 Nose, Yoshio 208 Namba, Susumu 562 Nozawa, Yasunori 399 Nanba, Tadao 466 Nozawa, Yuzuru 481 Naquet, Robert 565 Numa, Seisaku 528 Narishima, Yutaka 519 Numata, Makoto 307 Narita, Mitsuaki 433 Nushi, Masahiko 241 Narumiya, Mamoru 208 Obama, Setsuo 345 Natori, Masahiko 418 Ochi, Naokiyo 233 Natori, Shinsaku 543 Oda, Junichi 480 Natori, Shunji 437 Oda, Kinichiro 420 Nemoto, Takahisa 441 Oda, Minoru 324,328 Nielsen, Tom Busk 201 Odawara, Youji 83 Niida, Tetsuo 115 Oesterhelt, Dieter 565 Nikaido, Osamu 449 Ogasawara, Nagahiro 460 Ninomiya, Ishio 353 Ogata, Jun 353 Nishi, Shinzo 391 Ogata, Yasunari 520 Nishida, Katsuhiko 145 Ogawa, Eiji 300 Nishida, Takeshi 168 Ogawa, Hideyuki 490 Nishigo, Kaoru 436 Ogawa, Kitohiko 513 Nishihara, Haruo 317, 318, 442 Ogawa, Masaharu 494 Nishihara, Takashi 215 Ogawa, Teruo 326 Nishii, Yasuo 44 Ogawa, Tomoya 326 Nishii, Yasutaka 77 Ogawa, Waro 539 Nishijima, Yasunori 317,533 Ohara, Shu 472 Nishikawa, Tetsuji 317 Ohara, Tetsuro 424 Nishikawaji, Shigeki 104 Ohba, Kenkichi 138 Nishimura, Hajime 438 Ohba, Kiyoshi 88 Nishimura, Shigeo 433 Ohba, Yoshiki 449 Nishimura, Susumu 352 Ohi, Shinichi 465 Nishina, Yuichiro 659 Ohinata, Chusuke 43 Nishino, Masaki 267 Ohira, Eichi 440 Nishio, Koji 159 Ohki, Kenzo 416 Nishioka, Hisao 413 Ohmori, Harunori 457 Nishioka, Kazu 469 Ohmori, Hitoshia 504 Nishioka, Yasuzo 431 Ohmori, Katsuo 393 Nishishita, Yutaka 151 Ohmori, Muneki 217 738

Ohmura, Einosuke 598 Okayama, 496 Ohmura, Hirohisa 519 Okazaki, Hideo 272 Ohnishi, Hiroshi 512 Okazaki, Mitsuo 462 Ohnishi, Masaharu 234 Okazaki, Tsuneko 452 Ohnishi, Sei-ichiro 166 Okimoto, Yoichiro 424 Ohnishi, Shunichi 476 Okuhara, Eiji 385 Ohnishi, Teruo 470 Okuyama, Hiroshi 395 Ohno, Hiroie 108 Okuyama, Norio 431,573 Ohno, Koji 387 Omae, Iwao 259 Ohno, Shuichiro 335 Omura, Yozi 220 Ohsato, Toyoro 391 Ono, Koichi 573 Ohsawa, Hiroshi 42 Ono, Teruo 459 Ohsawa, Junya 393 Ono, Yoshio 427 Ohsawa, Takehiko 257 Onoe, Hisashi 317,318 Ohsawa, Toshiaki 437 Onozawa, Yoshiro 407 Ohshima, Harumi 518 Ooishi, Michio 439 Ohshima, Haruyuki 425 Oosawa, Toshiaki 294,312 Ohshima, Kiyoshi 481 Ooshima, Tomoji 293 Ohshima, Nobuo 410 Ootake, Noboru 573 Ohshima, Taiji 492 Osajima, Katsuhito 233 Ohshima, Yasuro 427,429 Oshiumi, R yoichi 189 Ohshiro, Yoshiki 491 Otani, Akira 294 Ohta, Akira 600 Otani, Masaru 272 Ohta, Jiro 419 Ouo, Kei 156 Ohta, Kazuo 539 Oya, Akira 297, 312, 350 Ohta, Takahisa 438,572 Ozaki, Asaichiro 527 Ohta, Tokio 411 Ozaki, Michio 431 Ohta, Yasuo 410 Ozawa, Eijiro 356 Ohtaki, Hitoshi 456 Ozawa, Hitoshi 268 Ohtani, Akira 601 Ozeki, Haruo 476 Ohtani, Noritaka 386 Prigogine, IIya 566 Ohtani, Shigemori 397 Rail, Joseph Edward 565 Ohtsuka, Eiko 390, 489 Rifkin, Jeremy 675 Ohtsuka, Sadao 150 Rolleston, Francis S. 565 Ohtsuki, Naoki 367 Rothschild, Henri C. 565 Ohuchi, Atsuyoshi 588 Saba, Sho-ichi 293,300 Ohyama, Kanji 479 Sada, Eizo 477 Ohyama, Katsuo 343 Sada, Toyoyasu 79 Ohyama, Mikio 55 Sadanaga, Tsuneo 285 Oi, Susumi 485 Sado, Kotaro 301 Oka, Masanori 475 Saeki, Hiroshi 360 Oka, Torno 499 Sahota, Seishi 279 Okada, Fushito 455 Saito, Eishiro 594 Okada, Kosuke 492,529,532 Saito, Hyuga 301, 318, 570 Okada, Satoshi 355 Saito, Jin-itsu 69 Okada, Shigetaka 64 Saito, Makoto 307 Okada, Tokindo 294,318 Saito, Masamitsu 230 Okada, Tomoaki 184 Saito, Masaru 123 Okada, Yoshio 317,318,488 Saito, Minoru 165 Okamoto, Hiroshi 399 Saito, Narimasa 121 Okamoto, Michio 566 Saito, Shinroku 301 Okamoto, Nobukazua 386 Saito, Taichi 300,594 Okawa, Tadashi 169 Saito, Takahide 434 739

Saito, Takeshi 106 Seiichi, Yasuda 458 Saito, Yasumasa 300 Seike, Yasuhiko 247 Saito, Yoshikazu 388 Seki, Shuji 503 Saito, Yukio 355 Sekida, Hidesato 501 Saji, Keizo 484 Sekiguchi, Junichi 462 Saka, Takayoshi 463 Sekiguchi, Mutsuo 518,537 Sakagami, Shimeji 432 Sekiguchi, Takeshi 407 Sakaguchi, Seiji 346 Sekine, Teruaki 352 Sakaguchi, Yukio 614 Sekiya, Shinichiro 345 Sakai, Akira 432 Sekiya, Takao 352 Sakai, Asaya 450 Sekizawa, Taiji 424 Sakai, Fuminori 317 Senba, Toshihiko 101 Sakai, Haruo 317,318 Senbara, Goro 425 Sakai, Shuzo 77 Senda, Mitsugu 478 Sakaki, Keisuke 517 Seto, Haruo 440 Sakaki, Y. 661 Seto, Iwao 62 Sakakura, Sei 47 Shiba, Tadayoshi 416 Sakakura, Teruyo 328 Shibahara, Kiyoshi 130 Sakata, Hideo 566 Shibasaki, Hiroshi 356 Sakezawa, Chikahiro 508 Shibata, 676 Sakiyama, Fumio 494, 494 Shibata, Masaru 205 Sakiyama, Kosaku 485 Shibata, Shigehisa 344 Sakuma, Hideo 142 Shibata, Takehiko 326 Sakuragawa, Norio 356 Shibata, Yoshoaki 220 Sakurai, Akira 326 Shibatani, Kyoichiro 131 Sakurai, Yasuhisa 531 Shibutani, Ken 542 Samejima, Tatsuya 414 Shibuya, Isao 408 Sana, Hirotashi 430 Shibuya, Masami 189 Sasabe, Hiroyuki 325, 562 Shida, Tadamasu 476 Sasabe, Takao 202 Shiga, Fumimitsu 521 Sasada, Tomosaburo 469 Shiga, Toshio 220 Sasada, Yoshio 429 Shigekawa, Nunekazu 353 Sasaki, Motomichi 389 Shihou, Eijiro 387 Sasaki, Ryuzo 478 Shiinoki, Satoshi 360 Sasaki, Takashi 344,497 Shikae, Sadao 205 Sasamoto, Yasuhiko 254 Shimabara, Kenzo 422 Satake, Akira 461 Shimada, Akiyoshi 226 Sato, Akio 294 Shimada, Kazunori 515 Sato, Eichi 411 Shimada, Kyo 483 Sato, Fujio 182 Shimada, Mitsutaro 74 Sato, Masayoshi 215 Shimada, Tadashi 445 Sato, Mitsuru 520 Shimamawari, Kunitoshi 345 Sato, Shigeki 87 Shimamoto, Nobuo 459 Sato, Takamasa 437 Shimamoto, Tadashi 502 Sato, Tomohiro 210 Shimizu, Kajuzo 301 Sato, Yoshihei 418 Shimizu, Kenichi 219 Satzukijo, Shinichi 410 Shimizu, Shiho 441 Sawada, Kenji 399 Shimizu, Shin 96 Sawada, Motoshige 294 Shimizu, Yoichi 317,318,454 Sawada, Shozo 407 Shimoda, Masahiko 224,386 Sawada, Tatsuro 447 Shimogori, Yoichiro 174 Sawada, Toshio 317 Shimosato, Yukio 352 Sawai, Tetsuo 404 Shimotohno, Kunitada 352 740

Shiroura, Ryoro 456,476 Sugiyama, Tsutomu 458 Shimura, Yoshiro 317,318 Sunagawa, Keisuke 312 Shin, K. 472 Sunagawa, Megumi 301 Shinda, 248 Sunahara, Hiroshi 499 Shindo, Minoru 49 Susumi, Sadao 46, 372 Shinjo, Nagari 522 Suzue, Ryokueru 357 Shinosawa, Takao 406 Suzuki, Eiji 312 Shinozaki, Kazuo 328 Suzuki, H. 347 Shioda, Hideo 394 Suzuki, Haruo 443 Shiono, Masaharu 50 Suzuki, Hideo 146 Shirai, Toshigio 415 Suzuki, Koji 484 Shiraishi, Makoto 513 Suzuki, Mamoru 345 Shiraki, Masaru 332 Suzuki, Mitsuru 266 Shirako, Tadao 470 Suzuki, Seiji 294 Shitanishi, Yasushi 493 Suzuki, Shozo 395 Shizume, Takemoto 109 Suzuki, Shuichi 300, 409, 574 Shoda, Nobohiro 461 Suzuki, Takahito 341,343 Shoji, Tsuneo 78 Suzuki, Takeshi 266, 301, 358 Sobue, Kenji 490 Suzuki, Tomoo 294, 332 Soda, Kenji 480 Suzuki, Toshimitsu 457 Soeda, Eiichi 329 Suzuki, Yukio 505 Soma, Genichiro 424 Suzuki, Yuzuru 474 Sonoda, Ryuichi 245 Tabira, Takeshi 356 Sonoda, Yorikazu 516 Tabuchi, Tokuichi 118 Sonta, Hiromi 61 Tachi, Kenji 237 Sotomura, Kenzo 488 Tachibana, Toshihiko 95 Sotomura, Koichiro 478 Tada, Tomio 294 Sotoyama, Keisuke 457 Tadai, Hiroshi 538 Sudo, Ryuichi 361,362 Tadai, Yuji 516 Sudo, Tadashi 191 Tadaira, Takeshi 603 Suga, Hiroyuki 353 Tadenuma, Makoto 360 Suga, Kenichi 492 Tagaki, Waichiro 486 Suga, Shin taro 388 Tagawa, Hiroaki 411 Sugahara, Kiyoshi 361, 362 Tagawa, Kiyoshi 500 Sugahara, Shiro 395 Taguchi, Funiaki 416 Sugahara, Takao 350,301 Taguchi, Mikio 345 Sugano, Haruo 317,376 Takabashi, Ryohei 517 Sugano, Hiroshi 460 Takada, Hisao 281 Sugano, Izuru 168 Takada, Mitsuru 196 Sugano, Masayoshi 449 Takagi, Makoto 519 Suganuma, Toshio 158 Takagi, Toshio 494 Sugawara, Yo 483 Takagishi, Toru 487 Sugayama, 544 Takahara, Yasushi 149 Sugimoto, Kazunori 388,392 Takahashi, Atsushi 355 Sugimura, Takashi 294,312,566 Takahashi, Hideaki 217 Sugisawa, Hiroshi 501 Takahashi, Hideo 439 Sugita, Hideo 356 Takahashi, Joji 410,573 Sugita, Kouichi 99 Takahashi, Katsuaki 502 Sugiura, Akira 350,600 Takahashi, Katsutada 487 Sugiura, Masahiro 451 Takahashi, Kenji 436 Sugiura, Miyoji 341 Takahashi, Kiyohisa 356 Sugiyama, Hironari 130 Takahashi, Kojiro 360 Sugiyama, Junta 439 Takahashi, Kosuke 418 741

Takahashi, Mitsuo 350 Tamaru, Keiji 534 Takahashi, Mitsuru 480 Tamura, Gakuzo 574 Takahashi, Noboru 73 Tamura, Keiji 218 Takahashi, Nobutaka 307, 326, 562 Tamura, Mamoru 392 Takahashi, Tomoko 415 Tamura, 214 Takahashi, Toshiaki 511 Tanabe, Akira 175,504 Takahisa, Hiroshi 405 Tanabe, Kiichiro 154 Takai, Koichi 65 Tanabe, Tadashi 353 Takai, Shuudou 412 Tanaka, Akira 354 Takaishi, Masahiro 358 Tanaka, Atsuo 477 Takamine,lokichi 1 Tanaka, Fumio 357,420 Takamori, Masohiro 350 Tanaka, Hideaki 335 Takanaka, Akira 354 Tanaka, Hirotake 341,343 Takanaka, Tadashi 601 Tanaka, Ikuzo 293,426 Takanami, Mitsuru 479,480 Tanaka, Katsunobu 135 Takanashi, Masayoshi 153 Tanaka, Keiji 563 Takano, Akira 358 Tanaka, Keitatsu 460 Takano, Hisateru 353 Tanaka, Kozo 498,499 Takano, Mitsuo 492 Tanaka, Masami 572 Takano, Tanaka, Masato 185 Takaoka, Yoshio 259 Tanaka, Nobuo 427 Takasaka, Shinichi 600 Tanaka, Shoji 301 Takasaki, Hirachiro 394 Tanaka, Toshiyuki 142 Takashima, Fumio 434 Tanaka, Yoshihiro 66,336 Takashima, Sachio 356 Tani, Y oshiki 573,479 Takasuna, Toshiyuki 265 Tanida, Yoshitoshi 441 Takaya, Haruo 335 Tanifuji, Shigekyuki 389 Takayama, Shozo 351 Tanigawa, Shoichiro 659 Takebayashi, Yoichi 590 Taniguchi, Itsugu 489 Takeda, Masahisa 432 Taniguchi, Masaru 404 Takeda, Mitsuharu 355 Tanimura, Akio 354 Takeda, Susumu 483 Tanooka, Hiroshi 352 Takeda, Takeo 372 Tarao, Tadao 312 Takeda, Yasushi 354 Tate, Ryuichiro 312 Takefuji, Akira 445 Tatewaki, Masakazu 389 Takefuj~ Yoshikazu 409 Tatsumi, Tomomasa 473 Takeishi, Keichi 464 Tawa, Hisaaki 71 Takemori, Toshitada 350 Tazato, Isao 504 Takenaka, Osamu 481 Tenba, Kazuo 386 Takenaka, Ryo 480 Tenma, Michiko 317 Takeshita, Noboru 563 Terada, Masaaki 352 Takeuchi, Hiroshi 301 Terada, Miyaji 97 Takeuchi, Masayuki 408 Teranaka, Masaaki 410 Takeuchi, Michio 433 Teranaka, Riaki 411 Takeuchi, Setsuo 424 Terao, Tadao 355 Takeyama, Tetsu 149 Terashima, Toyozo 330 Takeyasu, Yoshimitsu 293,294 Terzuolo, Carlo 565 Takezoe, Teruo 222 Titani, Koiti 562 Takimoto, Atsushi 533 Tobinaga, Seisho 422 Takimoto, Michiaki 425 Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco 565 Tamai, Akikazu 246 Tochiku, Masakazu 536 Tamai, Yoichi 497 Tochikura, Tatsumutsuro 478 Tamao, Y. 148 Toda, Fujio 428 742

Toda, Kiyoshi 312, 440 Uchida, Keiichi 42 Togawa, Hideo 140 Uchida, Takashi 489 Togawa, Murao 500 Uchida, Tsuneko 371 Tokita, Tsutomu 264 Uchida, Yuzuru 456, 661 Tokumaru, Katsumi 301 U chino, Shogo 425 Tokunaga, Toru 350,351,603 Uchiyama, Iwao 358 Tokura, Osamu 301 Uchiyama, Mitsuru 602 Tokura, Seichi 388 Uchiyama, Yuki 451 Tokushige, Masanobu 476 Uda, Shunsuke 449 Tokuyatsu, Kiyochika 229 Ueda, Katsumoto 358 Tominaga, Hirotomi 444 Ueda, Seinosuke 514 Tominaga, Isamu 57 Uehara, Nobuhiro 463 Tominaga, Yoshio 486 Uemura, Hajime 604 Tomita, Fusao 574 Ueno, Hiroya 421 Tomita, Ichiro 461 Ueno, Kazue 446 Tomita, Kenichi 491 Uesugi, Harukazu 492 Tomita, Kosuke 273 Ulmer, Kevin M. 562 Tomita, Takashi 127 Umeda, Keiji 344 Tone, Hiroshi 224 Umeya, Kenji 348 Tonegawa, Susumu 404 Umezawa, Hamao 375 Tonosaki, Yasuhiro 179 Umino, Hajime 428 Torii, Hiroyuki 301 Uozumi, Takeshi 439 Toriyama, Kunio 298 Ushizono, Koji 464 Totaba, Yasuyuki 467 Utaka, Juzo 454 Totani, Masayuki 357 Uyama, Chikao 353 Totsuka, Akira 360 Uzawa, Hirofumi 307 Toubayashi, Yushihide 483 Uzuhashi, Yuji 95 Toue, Akio 499 Wada, Akiyoshi 298,566 Toya, Yasunori 63 Wada, Eitaro 371 Toyama, Kyozen 522 Wada, Toshio 81 Toyoda, Koichi 562 Wakashiro, Michio 76 Toyoshima, Kumao 442 Wakazono, Hiroshi 187 Tsuboshina, Masami 207 Wasa, Tamotsu 487 Tsuchiya, Shuuji 193 Watake, Hiroaki 268 Tsuchiya, Takahide 423 Watanabe, Akira 454 Tsuchiya, Tomonobu 503 Watanabe, Goro 634 Tsuda, Karyu 459 Watanabe, Haruo 350 Tsuda, Kyosuke 598 Watanabe, Hisashi 194 Tsugawa, Ryuichiro 574 Watanabe, !taru 294, 301, 307, 312, 318 Tsugeno, Hajimu 116 Watanabe, Keizaburo 70 Tsugita, Takashi 115 Watanabe, Kiyoshi 110,485 Tsuji, Frederick I. 369, 485 Watanabe, Kobo 428 Tsuji, Masayasu 91 Watanabe, Kudo 405 Tsukada, Hideyuki 395 Watanabe, Kunio 263 Tsukada, Yoji 143 Watanabe, Misa 385 Tsukada, Yuzo 294 Watanabe, Shaw 352 Tsumura, Yoshihiro 41 Watanabe, Shoichiro 416 Tsunemasa, Norimi 75 Watanabe, Suzuo 146 Tsunewaki, Koichiro 478 Watanabe, Yasuto 486 Tsuruda, Teiji 421 Watanabe, Yasuyoshi 369 Tsurushima, Hisao 161 Watanabe, Yuji 466 Tsurutani, Taiji 247 Winnacker, Ernst L. 565 Uchida, Isao 570 Yabuki, Kazutoshi 487 743

Vagi, Hideharu 471 Yamazawa, Shingo 418 Vagi, Nobushige 204 Yamazumi, Takuo 238 Yajima, Izumi 250 Yanagida, Fujiharu 432 Yamada, Akira 562 Yanagida, Hiroaki 441 Yamada, Hideaki 573,478 Yanagida, Kunio 312 Yamada, Shigeki 134, 258 Yanagita, Toshio 493 Yamada, Tadashi 482 Yanase, Hitoshige 213 Yamada, Tetsuya 483 Yanase, Mutsuo 293 Yamada, Tomiaki 105 Yano, Junichi 188 Yamada, Yasuchu 492 Yano, Keiji 439 Yamada, Yasuyuki 294, 298, 318, 479 Yao, Toru 364 Yamada, Yuzo 464 Yasu, Ikuo 540 Yamagata, Tatsuya 371 Yasuda, Akizo 505 Yamagishi, Shunichi 457 Yasufuku, Katsutoshi 326 Yamaguchi, Chozo 97 Yasui, Motoshi 60 Yamaguchi, Hideo 440 Yasui, Toshio 410 Yamaguchi, Isamu 326 Yasumoto, Akira 601 Yamaguchi, Kazuo 448 Yasuoka, Noritake 470 Yamaguchi, Keiichi 196 Yochiku, Masakaza 601 Yamaguchi, Ken 352 Yogi, Seichi 522 Yamaguchi, Michio 357 Yokoi, Hatsuo Yamaguchi, Muneo 332 Yokomura, Hidekazu 484 Yamakaku, Hirotada 528 Yokoyama, Eiji 361,362 Yamamoto, Akio 429 Yokozuka, Hiroyasu 467 Yamamoto, Akira 602 Yominaga, Toshio 370 Yamamoto, Nao 452 Y oneda, Y oshifumi 440 Yamamoto, Norio 401 Yoneda, Yuko 180 Yamamoto, Shohei 501 Yoshida, Ako 301 Yamamoto, Takehiko 511 Yoshida, Genichi 461 Yamamoto, Yasushi 574,617 Yoshida, Mamoru 124 Yamamura, Kenichi 515 Yoshida, Masaki 301, 543 Yamamura, Yuichi 294, 312 Yoshida, Mitsuaki 420 Yamanaka, Hajime 573 Yoshida, Nobuo 239 Yamanaka, Masayoshi 301 Yoshida, R yo 403 Yamanaka, Takeo 427 Yoshida, Ryutaro 369, 485 Yamanaka, Y oshitada 431 Yoshida, Zen-ichi 297 Yamane, Izumi 85 Yoshihira, Kunitoshi 355, 601 Yamane, Shigeru 337 Y oshii, Hisao 432 Yamanouchi, Kazuya 312 Yoshiike, Kunihito 601 Yamashita, Atsushi 345 Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki 301 Yamashita, Makoto 274 Yoshikawa, Masanosuke 442 Yamashoji, Shiro 120 Yoshikawa, Sadao 535 Yamatani, Tomoyuki 398 Yoshikura, Hiroshi 350 Yamato, Ichiro 420 Yoshimura, Koichi 114 Yamato, Masatoshi 502 Yoshimura, Tohru 294 Yamauchi, A. 336 Yoshino, Zenichi 227 Yamauchi, Haruo 459 Yoshioka, Hirosuke 326 Yamauchi, Susumu 213 Yoshioka, Isao 416 Yamazaki, Kotaka 465 Y oshitomi, Fumihiko 373 Yamazaki; Mamoru 438 Y oshiyagawa, Makoto 269 Yamazaki, Megumi 393 Yoshizato, Minoru 358 Yamazaki, Shudo 312, 350 Yoshizawa, Haruo 195 744

Yoshizawa, Kiyoshi 360 Yura, Takashi 480, 481 Yoshizawa, Susumu 56 Yutaka, Higa 204 Y oshizumi, Hajime 572 Index of Terms

Abbott Laboratories 55 Aidagumi Co. 621 Academic Societies, see also AIST, see Agency of Industrial Science Association ... , Society... 10, 525f and Technology - statistics 11, 525 Ajinomoto Co. 1, 19, 29, 38f, 364, 571, - meetings 526 574, 583, 585, 590, 598, 601, 602, 605, 606, Advanced Medical Information Service 613,616 668f Akita Co. 39f Advanced Telecommunications Research Akita Jujo Chemicals Co. 39f Institute 6fJ7 Akita Konno Co. 40f AdvanTest 558 Akita New Science Town 708 Adverse Drug Sufferings Relief and Akita University, see University ... Research Promotion Fund 9, 313, 314, Amano Pharmaceutical Co. 37f, 612, 613, 604f,636f 614,615 - research companies 637 American Type Culture Collection -loans 637 (ATCC) 246 - capital investment 637 ANRE, see Agency of Natural Resources Advisory groups 288 and Energy Agency of Industrial Science and Anti-trust regulations 568 Technology (AlST) 302, 303f, 306, 330, Anzai Universal Laboratory 616 365,567,569,573,575,576,639 Aoyama Gakuin University, see - foreign researcher invitation program University ... 681 Applied Biosystems Co. 598 - research complex, see Tsukuba Science Aqua Renaissance '90 Project 305, 306, City ... 333, 335, 576, 578f Agency of Natural Resources and Energy Aquaculture Research Institute of Cold (ANRE) 302, 304f, 573, 575 Zonal Fish 610 Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Aquarenaissance '90, see Aqua see Society ... Renaissance '90 Project Agriculture 14, 22 Arakawa-Chotaro Co. 40f - biotechnological methods 694 Aroka Co. 588 - Japan compared to Western nations Asahi Breweries Co. 41f, 571, 598, 600, 22f, 693f, 715f 609,610,613 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Asahi Chemical Industry Co. 6, 33, 34, Research Council Secretariat 307, 308f, 41f, 559, 571, 583, 585, 588, 598, 602, 605 607 Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. 613, 617 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Asahi Glass Co. 42f, 559, 571, 581, 598, Research Council 291, 307f, 606 603 - members 307 Asahi Industries Co 42f - recommendations 307, 607f Asahi Kasei, see Asahi Chemical Industry AGRIS database 667 Co. Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Asahi Medicals Co. 602 444£ Asahikawa Medical College 386f 746

Asano Construction Co. 621 Bioindustry Association ... ASPRONC, see Association ... Biotechnology methods Association - in agriculture and fisheries 694 - for Artificial Kidney Devices 602 - in industry 547f - for Microbiology, Japan 530f Biotechnology products, see also rDNA• - for Medical Polymers 602 related products ... - for the Promotion of New Chemistry - market expectation 3f, 5f, 6, 31 (ASPRONC) 551f - market growth 5, 31 - Japanese, Cancer 535f - sales 4f, 32f - Japanese, for Plant Tissue Culture 527f Botanical Society of Japan, see Society ... - Japanese, of Industrial Fermentation BRAIN, see Bio-oriented Technology 527f Research Advancement Institution - Japanese, Tissue Culture 529f Brain Research Institute, see University of - Neurosciences Research, Japan 542 Niigata - of Industrial Fermentation, Japan 569 Brewing Society of Japan, see Society ... Auritsu Co. 588 Bristol-Myers K.K. 598 B. Braun Biotech 571 Budapest Treaty 656 Bank of Tokyo 572 Budget Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. 43f, 571, 598 - national 17, 626 Basic research, stimulation of 9, 15, 552 - for R&D, int~rnational comparison 716 Basic Technologies for Future Industries, - prefectural 626 see R&D Program ... - science and technology 716 Baxter Ltd. 598 C. Itoh Co. 28 Bayer Yakuhin 571 C. Itoh Sugar Co. 44f Beckman Instruments Co. 571 California Medical University, Irvine 81 Beritas Co. 603 Calpis Food Industry 35, 598, 601 BIDEC, see Biotechnology Development Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Corporation Cancer Research 376f Biotechnology Development Corporation Cancer Research Campaign Technology, 5, 13,31,598,548, 569f UK 246 Bio Database, see Japan Bioindustry Cancer research 313,314,316,381,382 Association ... Canon Co. 571 Bio Science Lab 598 Cellco Advanced Bioreactors, Inc. 171 Bio-Fair exhibitions 572 Cell culture products, sales 32 Bio-oriented Technology Research Celltech Co. 246 Advancement Institution (BRAIN) 9, 13, Celltech Diagnostics Co. 246 87, 310, 608f, 634f, 709 Centocor Co. 266 - activities 608f Centers for Cooperative Research, see - capital investment 635 Ministry of Education, Science and - loans 610,610,636 Culture ... - projects 609f Center Bio-Science Research Center 618 - for Development of Environmental Bioelectronics 28 Resources 609f Biofocus Wastewater Treatment Project - for Environmental Hygiene 601 321, 362, 620f - for Waste Treatment Technology 601 Bioindustry 29f, 546 Central Engineering Construction Co. Biomaterials Research Institute Co. 44f, 45f 364f, 595f, 633 Central Glass Co. 372 Bioreactor for Food Industry Project, see Cetus Co. 29 R&D Project... Chemical Research Institute of Non• Biosensor Laboratories Co. 44f, 605f Aqueous Solutions, see University of Biotechno-System Agrogenetics Co. 171 Tohoku ... Biotechnology database, see Japan Chemical Society of Japan, see Society ... 747

Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 572,598 Institute 6, 34, 35, 45f, 372f, 555, 598, Dai-Ichi Pharmaceuticals 600 600,601 Dai-Ichi Pure Chemicals 598 Chiba Institute of Technology, see Daicel Chemical Industries Co. 51£, 571, Institute of Technology ... 583, 584, 595, 598 Chiba Serum Products 601 Daiei Food Industries Co. 52£ Chiba University, see University ... Daiichi Pharmaceuticals, see Daiichi Chimeratech Corp. 74 Seiyaku Chino Works 616 Daiichi Seiyaku Co. 6,19, 52f, 558, 559, Chisso Co. 372, 590, 598 571,598,601,602,603,605 Chiyoda Chemical Engineering Co. 46f, Daiichi Togyo Co. 53f 571, 579, 590, 598, 612, 621 Daikin Industries 54f, 559 Chiyogiku Co. 47f Dainabot Co. 54f, 55 Chori Co. 28 Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. 55f, Chubu Electric Power Co. 48f 372, 571, 598 Chuetsu Yeast Industry Co. 48f Dainippon Pharmaceuticals Co. 6, 35, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 19, 49f, 55f, 572, 599, 602, 603 571,586,598,601,602,603,606,617 Dainippon Sugar Manufacturing Co. 56f Chuo Electric Co. 588 Daisan Industries 697 Chuo Kagaku Co. 571 Daiseki Co. 56f Chuo University, see University ... Daishin Marine Products Co. 57f Ciba-Geigy (Japan) Ltd. 50f, 571, 598 Daiso Co. 57f CNRS 589 Daiwa Kasei KK 58f Coca-Cola Japan 571 Databases, see also under individual Committee system 7, 288 organizations 661£ Communication Centers 709 - for Biotechnology, see Japan Bioindustry Connaught Laboratories 53 Association ... Consensus 7 - AGRIS system 9, 667 Contextual measures 550 - regional high tech network project 9 Cooperation, forms of 11f - Japan Information Center of Science - survey 30 and Technology (JICST) 9, 299, 323, Cooperative Research Centers, see 329f,662f Ministry of Education, Science and - on-line network 664f Culture ... - Tsukuba office 9, 330f, 665 Core University System 684 - JETRO Ace 9, 667 Cosmetics Association 600 - NACSIS system 9, 665 Cosmo Bio Co. 51£ - private 668f Cosmo Oil Co. 51, 372, 590 - RECREAS system 9, 667 Council for Aeronautics, Electronics and Denka Seiken Co. 59f, 599, 601 other Advanced Technologies 296, 297f Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK 6Of, 571, 583, - committee of biotechnology, members 584, 599, 612 297 Depositories 9, 646f Council for Science and Technology 7, - DNA Data Bank of Japan 9, 655f 289, 291, 292f, 295, 383, 551£, 567, 575, - fish genetic resources 660 - committee on policy matters 293, 295 - Gene Bank Project, MAFF 9, 309, 343f, - members 293 345, 634, 657f - life science subcommittee, members - Institute for Fermentation Osaka (IFO) 294 373f,652f - recommendations 552f - Japan Collection of Microorganisms 9, - policy guidelines 552f 326,653f Council system, overview 291£ - Japanese Cancer Research Resources CPC International Co. 571 Bank, MHW 9,66Of Culture collections, see Depositories ... - Japanese Federation of Culture 748

Collections 647f, 654 Eniwa Research Business Park 560 - survey of available strains 648f Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co. 63f, - of the MAFF 657 Environmental Agency 32Of, 690, 691 - of the MHW 660 - budget 289 - of the MITI 656 - research institutes 360f - of the STA 653 ERATO project, see Exploratory Research - of Monbusho 654 for.4dvanced Technology - of RIIffiN 654 Eurolysine 38 - patent microorganism depository, Exchange of researchers, international Fermentation Research Institute 9, 306, 678,683 332, 334, 656f Exploratory Research for Advanced - RIIffiN Gene Bank 9, 328, 654f Technology (ERATO) 9, 13, 297, 299, - tree genetic resources 660 554,555f - World Data Center 654 - projects, see under individual names Developmental Biology Research Center - research grants 678 618 Ezaki Glico Co. 63f,614 Dick Degremon Co. 579,621 Falcom Hitac Co. 697 Diversification 3 Fermentation Research Institute 332£, DKKCo. 616 584,585 DNA Data Bank of Japan 655f - Patent Microorganism Depository, see Doctor's degree, statistics 10 Depositories ... Dojindo Laboratories 559 Fermentech Co. 246 Doshisha University, see University ... Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme Dow Chemical Co. 589 627 Dowa Constructions Co. 621 FKKR&D 571 Dowa Mining Co. 6Of, 372, 571 Flowergate Co. 122 Drug Delivery System Institute Ltd. Food Bioreactor Association, see R&D (DDS) 59f, 605f Project... DSM Co. 571 Food intake, Japan vs. USA 21£,714f DuPont Japan 599 Food and Drug Safety Research Center E. Merck, Darmstadt 258 313, 601, 602, 603 Earth Chemical Co. 34, 61£, 599 Forestry and Forest Products Research Earth Pharmaceuticals, see Earth Institute 346 Chemical Co. Foundation of Economic Trends, USA Ebara Infilco Co. 62f, 571, 621 675 Ebara Research Co. 62f, 579, 581 Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Economy, Gross National Product 17 Research 313 - Gross Domestic Product 17 Frontier Research Program 9,297,299, Education and science 327,560f - national expenditure 626 - buildings 561 - local expenditures 626 - organizational structure 561 - school system 378f - research grants 678 - university system, see Universities ... Fruit Tree Research Station 348£ Ehime University, see University ... Fuji Boseki 602 Eiburu Co. 612 Fuji Chemical Industries Co. 64£ Eiken Chemicals Co. 603 Fuji Electric Co. 64£, 571, 616, 571 Eisai Co. 19, 35, 557, 571, 599, 601, 602, Fuji Oil Co. 65f, 571, 612, 616 603,605,697 Fuji Pharmaceutical Industry Co 66f, 557 Electrochemical Society of Japan, see Fuji Photo Film Co. 66£, 571, 588 Society ... Fuji Spinning Co. 67f Electrotechnical Laboratory 337f, 587 Fujihara 616 EMBL Heidelberg 655 Fujijin Shoyu Co. 67£, 275 Endowed chairs 381 Fujikin 697 749

Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Grelan Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Fujirebio, Inc. 68f, 599 Group-oriented perception 14 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 19,33, Gunma University, see University ... 34, 35, 68f, 571, 599, 602, 603, 605, 609, Gunze Ltd. 75f 697 Hagiwara Institute of Health 599 Fujita Co. 69f, 621, 621 Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co. 76f, 609 Fujitsu 364, 571, 581, 587, 615, 697 Hamamatsu Hotnics 605 Fujiwara Pharmaceuticals Co. 557 Hamamatsu Institute for Mechatronics Fukuda Electron Co. 588 Technology 708 Fukui Medical School 444f Hamamatsu Photonics 557,588 Fukui University, see University ... Hana Biologics 68 Fukuoka Industrial Research Institute Harima Chemicals, Inc. 76f 559 Harwell Laboratory 589 Fukuyama University, see University ... Hasegawa 614 Fund for Overseas Scientific Research Hayaishi Bioinformation Transfer Project 684 556f Fundokin Shoyu Co. 70f, 275 Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Furukawa Electric Co. 192, 588 Inc. 6, 77f, 571 Furusawa MorphoGenes Project 556, Hayashikane Sangyo Co. 78f 558f Hazama-Gumi 78f, 571, 581 Fuso Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 600 Health care, expenditures 19 Fuso Water Industries Co. 70f Health Science Council 291, 311, 312, Gakken Co. 71f 597 Gei Di Agris Co. 103 - biotechnology committee 312f Gekkeikan Sake Co. 71£,571,599,609 - recommendations 597 Gemini Science Co. 122 Heian Metal Industry 588 Gen Co-operation 610 Heiwa Information Center 669f GenBank Los Alamos 655 Helix International 195 Gene Bank Project, see Ministry of HFSP, see Human Frontier Science Agriculture ... Program ... Genentech 29, 599, 600 Higashimaru Shoyu Co. 79f Genetics Institute 122, 571 Higeta Shoyu Co. 79f Genetics Society of Japan, see Society ... Himae Sanatorium 603 Genex 29 Himeji Institute of Technology, see Genzyme Japan 571 Institute of Technology ... Ghen Corporation 72f Hirosaki University, see University ... Gifu Bio Farm Co. 73f Hiroshima Institute for Tissue Culture Gifu Immunology Research Institute 610 Technology, Ltd. 80f Gifu University, see University ... Hiroshima University, see University ... Global environment project, see R&D Hisamitsu Pharmaceuticals 559 Project ... History 1, 287, 546 Godo Sake 557 Hitachi Air Conditioning and Godo Shusei Co. 73f, 571, 590 Refrigeration Co. 80f Goodrich Chemicals Co. 192 Hitachi Chemical Co. 81£, 372, 571 Government, survey of biotechnology Hitachi Ltd. 27, 82f, 329, 560, 571, 587, programs, see also under individual 588, 590 ministry 549f Hitachi Electronics 697 Government Publication Service Center Hitachi Medico 588 668f Hitachi Plant Engineering and Green Cross Co. (Midori Juji) 6, 34, 36, Construction Co. 83f, 579, 596 74f, 555, 599, 601, 603, 615 Hitachi Research Center, Irvine, Green Planet Project, see R&D Project... California 81 Green Research Center Co. 75f Hitachi Zosen Corporation 84f, 571, 581, 750

609, 711 Hodogaya Chemical Co. 84f, Imre Co. 256 372, 571, 617, 697 Imuraya Confectionalry Co. 94f Hoechst Japan Ltd. 85f, 571, 599 Ina Food Industry Co. 94f Hohnen Oil Co. 86f INA New Civil Engineering Research Hokkai Can Co. - Canning Research Center 697 Institute 86f Inaba Biophoton Project 556, 558f Hokkaido Bank 609 Industrial Products Research Institute, see Hokkaido Bank Foundation 572 Research Institute ... Hokkaido Electric Power 609 Industrial Technology Council 291, 300f, Hokkaido Green-Bio Institute 87f, 609f, 302, 566 711 - Future Technology Development Hokkaido Institute of Technology, see Subcommittee 301 Institute of Technology ... - members 300 Hokkaido Nissin Co. 87f Industry Hokkaido Sankyo 711 - agriculture and fisheries 22f Hokkaido Sugar Co. 88f - available methods in biotechnology 31, Hokkaido Takushoku Bank 609 547f Hokkaido University, see University ... - biotechnology personnel 3, 12, 30, 31, Hokko Chemical Industry Co. 89f, 617 547,720 Hokudo Co. 89f - average size of groups 4 Hokuriku Seiyaku 599 - in genetic engineering 30, 547, 641 Hokusan 697 - business fields of companies entering Hokusan Showa 618 biotechnology 3 Hokuto Industries Co. 90f - chemical 4, 20f Hombo Brewery Co. 90f - construction 4, 26f Horikoshi Superbugs Project 556, 557f - diversification 17, 29 Hoshi University, see University ... - electric machinery 27f Hospital of Childrens Diseases 602 - energy-related 25f Hoyu Co. 91£ - expectations on government measures Human Frontier Science Program 9, 13, 30 296, 306, 299, 563f, 567, 588, 593 - expenditure for life sciences and - grants 565 biotechnology R&D 3, 4, 11, 547, 720 - organizational structure 564 - expenditure for rDNA-reiated R&D - research grants 678 641 - scholarships 9 - exports 18f - scientific committee 565 - fermentation-based 1, 18f, 29 - targets 565f - food 4,20f Human genome sequencing project 297, - iron and steel 25f 299,329 - joint research with universities 383f, Human Science News 599 619f Ibaraki University, see University ... - market informations, see Biotechnology IBM 559 products ... Ichibiki Co. 91£ - metal leaching 4 Idemitsu Kosan Co. 92f, 557, 571, 581, - mining and energy 4, 25f 590 - pharmaceutical 4, 19f Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. 92f, 603 - policy 546f IFO (Institute for Fermentation Osaka), - pulp and paper 24f see Depositories ... - rDNA products, see rDNA-related Ihara Chemical Industry Co. 93f, 581 products ... Ikeda Genosphere Project 556, 560f - regional tie-ups 711 Ikeda Mohando 600 - shipbuilding 26f Ikeda Tohka Industries Co. 93f - textiles 4, 23f Imasen Technology Laboratory 588 Information collection, international 9, 28 751

Information exchange, international 678 Utilization 429f Information Management Service and Intel Japan 697 Research 669 International Bio-Research 571 Information networks, see Data banks ... International Board for Plant Genetic Information systems 552 Resources 659 Infrastructure, measures 552 Internationalization 9, 15, 552, 567, 677f Ingene Co. 74 Investments in biotechnology, see Ministry Inro Biomedical Co. 246 of Finance ... Institutes, see also Research Institute ... , Iseki Co. 95f National Institute ... Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Co. 95f, 571, 607, Institute 617 - for Advanced Skin Research, Inc. 606f Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries - for Aviation Fuel Fermentation 332 Co. 96f, 571, 579, 616 - for Biofunctional Research, Ltd. 605f Itoh Ham 614,616 - for Chemical Research, see University of Itoh Oil Manufacturing Co. 97f Kyoto Itoman Co. 28 - for Fermentation Osaka (IFO), see Iwai Construction 613 Depositories ... Iwaki Meisei University, see University ... - for Protein Research, see University of Iwata Chemical Co. 97f Kyoto ... Iwate Bank 620 - for Virus Research, see University of Iwate Bio-Research Center Ltd. 98f, 609 Kyoto ... Iwate Prefectural Brewing and Research - of Applied Microbiology, see University Institute 393f of Tokyo ... Iwate University, see University ... - of Cytosignal Research Inc. 604f Japan Academy 315, 320f - of Genetic Ecology, see University of Japan Agricultural Chemicals 610 Tohoku ... Japan Association of Industrial - of Immunological Sciences, see Fermentation, see Association ... University of Hokkaido ... Japan Association for Microbiology, see - of Medical Science, see University of Association ... Tokyo ... Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA) 5, - of Physical and Chemical Research 9, 13, 30, 302, 548, 569~ 579, 629, 662 (RIKEN) 296,297,299, 323f, 557, 560, - activities 572 647, 678 - biotechnology database 572, 662, 665f - Gene Bank 325, 328 - international cooperation 574f - Life Science Center, Tsukuba 327f, - organizational structure 570 676,695 - public acceptance measures 677f - P4 Laboratory 327, 328, 646 - publications 574 - organizational structure 325 - regional biotechnology association - of Public Health 313, 358f network 710 - of Scientific and Industrial Research, see Japan Cancer Research Bank, MHW 9 University of Osaka ... Japan Chemical Engineering and Institute of Technology Machinery 571 - Chiba 405f Japan Collection of Microorganisms, see - Himeji 469f Depositories ... - Hokkaido 393f Japan Corn Starch Co. 98f - Kumamoto 513f, 574 Japan Development Bank 14, 629f, 709 - Kyoto 473f - infrastructure development 629 - Massachusetts (MIT) 589 - loans 630f - Muroran 383 - R&D promotion 629 - Tokyo 426f Japan Economic Journal, see Journals ... - Graduate School at Nagatsuta 428f Japan Element Industry Co. 99f - Research Institute of Resources Japan Ethanol 571 752

Japan Exchange and Teaching Program Japan R&D Association for Sensing 683 System in Food Industry, see R&D Japan External Trade Organization Association ... (JETRO) 9, 29, 667 Japan Sake Association 609 - JETRO ACE database, see Databases ... Japan Scientific Instrument Co. 101f Japan Federation of Economic Japan Sewage System Association 621 Organizations (Keidanren) 288, 550f Japan Society for Biomaterials, see Japan Food Processing Co. 99f Society ... Japan Health Sciences Foundation 9,13, Japan Society of Histochemistry and 311, 313, 314, 548, 597f Cytochemistry, see Society ... - activities 598f Japan Society for Bioscience, - organizational structure 598 Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, see - R&D projects 600f Society ... Japan Horse Race Equipment 610 Japan Society for Cell Biology, see Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) 303,672 Society ... - Industrial Standards Committee 640 Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, see Japan Industrial Technology Association Society ... (JITA) 303f, 569, 577 Japan Society for Biomedical Japan Information Center on Science and Gerontechnology, see Society ... Technology (JICST), see Databases ... Japan Society for the Promotion of Japan Information Processing Service Science (JSPS) 9, 315, 319f, 682f 615 - budget 319 Japan Institute for Chemical Information - international joint research projects 670f 319, 683 Japan International Science and - international fellowships 319, 682 Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC) Japan Standards Association 672f 679 Japan Steel Works, Ltd. 101f,571 Japan Key-Tec Center 9, 13,302, 362, Japan Synthetic Alcohol 571 363, 594f, 632f Japan Synthetic Rubber Co. 102f,372, - capital investment 595, 633 571,589 - consigned research 633 Japan Tobacco Inc. 103f, 571, 594, 609 - international fellowships 681 - research center 215 - projects 595f Japan Trust International Research - R&D loans 595, 634 Cooperation 594 - research institutes 362f - Service 633, 681 Japan Key Technology Center, see Japan Japan Turf Grass 610 Key-Tee Center... Japan Veterinary College 559 Japan Marine Science and Technology Japanese Association of Industrial Center 670f Fermentation, see Association ... Japan Medical Abstracts Society 671f Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Japan Neuroscience Society, see Society ... Culture, see Association ... Japan Neurosciences Research Japanese Biochemical Society, see Association, see Association ... Society ... Japan Oil Chemists Society, see Society ... Japanese Cancer Association, see Japan on-line information system (JOIS) Association ... 663 Japanese Cancer Research Resources Japan Organo Co. 100f, 571, 579, 612 Bank, see Ministry of Health and Welfare ... Japan Patent Information Organiation Japanese Federation of Culture (JAPIO) 686 Collections, see Depositories ... Japan Pharmaceutical Development Co. Japanese Neurochemical Society, see 100f,571 Society ... Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center Japanese Pharmacological Society, see 671f Society ... 753

Japanese R&D Association for Bioreactor Kagura Shuzo KK 107f System, see R&D Association ... Kainos Laboratories, Inc. 108f Japanese R&D Association for the Kajima Co. 108f, 571, 581, 621 Improvement of Enzyme Function in the Kaken Pharmaceuticals 599 Food Industry, see R&D Associaton ... Kanazawa University, see University ... Japanese Society Kanebo Ltd. l09f, 571, 599, 601 - for Bacteriology, see Society .. . Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co. 110f, - for Biorheology, see Society .. . 364,372,557,571,599,602 - for Breeding, see Society ... Kanematsu-Gosho 28 - for Enzyme Engineering, see Society ... Kanoji Institute Research Foundation - for Laboratory Animal Science, see 110f Society ... Kansai Electric Power Co. 111£ - for Marine Biotechnology, see Society ... Kansai Koso Co. 111£ - of Chemical Engineers, see Society ... Kansai Paint Co. 112f, 571, 581, 590 - of Developmental Biologists, see Kansai Science City 14, 368, 593, 688, Society ... 698f,733 - of Food Science and Technology, see - milestones during construction 698 Society... - research clusters 700 - of Microbial Ecology, see Society ... Kansai University, see University ... - of Nutrition and Food Science, see Kanzaki Paper Manufacturing Co. 113f Society ... Kao Corporation 113f, 559, 571, 583, 584, - of Pharmacognosy, see Society ... 586, 599, 616 - of Plant Physiologists, see Society ... Kashima Oil Co. 114f,571 - of Polymer Science, see Society ... Katokichi Co. 115f, 602 - of Scientific Fisheries, see Society ... Kawadana Hospital 602 Japanese Tissue Culture Association, see Kawano Mericlone Co. 116f Association ... Kawasaki Heavy Industry Co. 116f, 571, JBA, see Japan Bioilldustry Association ... 579,697 JCR Pharmaceuticals Co. 104f Kawasaki Steel Co. 117f, 581 JETRO, see Japall External Trade Kawasho Co. 28 Organization Kayaku Antibiotics Research Co. 117f, JGC Corporation 104f, 557, 571, 590 599 JICST, see Japan Infonnation Center for Keidanren, see Japan Federation of Science and Technology Economic Orgallizations ... JIS, see Japan Industrial Standards Keio University, see University ... JITA, see Japan Industrial Techllology Kensetsukikaku 697 Association Kewpie Jozo Co. 118f JOIS, see Japan on-line Infonnation Kibi Plateau New Science Center 708 Service Kibun Food Chemifa Co. 118f, 616 Journals Kihara Institute for Biological Research - biotechnology-related 673f 463 - circulation number 662 Kikkoman Co. 29,34,35, 121£,571,599, JRDC, see Research Development 613, 615, 616 Corporation of Japall ... Kiku-Masame Sake Brewing Co. 119f JSP Corporation 571 Kimitsu Chemical Industries Co. 119f JSPS, see Japan Society for the Promotion King Brewing Co. 120f of Science ... Kinjirushi Wasabi Co. 120f J ujo Paper Co. 105f Kirin Brewery Co. 1, 6, 19, 33, 121£, 364, KF. Engineering Co. l06f 571,574,581,599,601,603,609 K.I. Chemical Industry Co. 106f Kirin Mugishu 604 Kagawa University, see University ... Kirin-Amgen Co. 122 Kagome Co. 107f Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Kagoshima University, see University ... Kitamura Miso Shoyu Jozo 122f 754

Kitasato Institute 374f, 599, 600 Kyodo Shiryo Co. 133f, 600 Kitasato University, see University ... Kyorin Pharmaceuticals Co. 134f, 599 Koa Oil 571, 590 Kyoritsu Organic Product Institute 610 Kobe Steel, Ltd. 123f, 571, 579, 589, 621, Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co. 134f 697 Kyoto Institute of Technology, see Kobe University, see University ... Institute of Technology ... Kobori Sake Brewing Co. 123f Kyoto Prefectural University, see Kochi University, see University ... University ... Kodama Ltd. 599 Kyoto University, see University ... Kohjin Co. 124f, 571, 599 Kyowa Chemical Engineering 621 Koiwai Agriculture Co. 609, 618 Kyowa Consultants 697 Koiwai Noboku, see Koiwai Agriculture Kyowa Electric 588 Co. Kyowa Gas Chemical Industry, Co. 372 Kokando Co. 125f Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. 2, 6, 19, 29, 33, Komatsu Ltd. 125f, 571, 621 34, 35, 135f, 364, 372, 546, 557, 570, 571, Komatsugawa Chemical Engineering Co. 573,574,581,583,585,588,590,596,599, 126f, 612, 613 601,602,603,609,617,694,711 Konica Corporation 571 Kyowa Medies 19,603 Konoshima Chemicals, Inc. 127f Kyowa Pharmaceuticals 599 Konsho-Mataichi Co. 28 Kyowa Seeds Co. 136f Korean Standard Research Institute 589 Kyushu Electric Power Co. 136f Kotobuki Seiyaku 599 Kyushu Kako Co. 137f Kowa Co. 127f, 559, 571, 599, 600, 602 Kyushu Kyoritsu University, see KRI International, Inc. 128f University ... Kuboko Pharmaceutical Co. 559 Kyushu Nyugyo Co. 138f Kubota Ltd. 128f, 571, 579 Kyushu University, see University ... Kumagai Gumi Co. 129f Large-scale projects 305, 310, 568f, 576, Kumamoto Applied Electronics 577,588,607 Mechanical Technology Institute 708 Lead Chemical Co. 599 Kumamoto Institute of Technology, see Lenti-Chemico Pharmaceuticals Co. 38 Institute of Technology ... Licensing 13 Kumamoto Techno-Research Park 708 Life Technology Research Foundation Kumamoto University, see University ... 376f Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. 129f, 557, Lifies Co. 103 617 Lion Co. 138f, 571, 588, 599, 600 Kumiai Kagaku Kogyo, see Kumiai Local banks, investments in biotechnology Chemical Industry Co. 14 Kunitake Molecular Architecture Project Lotte Co. 139f 556,559f M&D Research Co. 141£ Kurabo Industries Ltd. 130f Machida Construction 588 Kuraray Co. 131£, 372, 559, 571, 652, 586, Maeta Concrete Industry 140f 588,599,602,605 Maezawa Construction 621 Kureha Chemical Industry Co. 132f, 571, MAFF, see Ministry of Agriculture, 599,603 Forestry and Fisheries ... Kureran Pharmaceutical Co. 602, 603 Mann's Wine Co. 140f Kurita Construction 621 Marine Biotechnology project 13, 305, Kurita Earthworks 610, 613 306, 333, 548, 576 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. 133f, 571, Marine Biotechnology Institute Co. 579,590 (MBI) 13, 141£, 366f, 567, 581£ Kurogane Products 609 - capitalization 632 Kuupii 557 Marine Products Development Center Kyocera Co. 589,599 609 Kyodo Milk 612 Marubeni Co. 28, 142f 755

Marubeni Shiryo 618 - Biotechnology Division 309 Marubishi Bioengineering Co. 143f, 571 - BRAIN program, see Bio-oriented Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Research Advancement Institution ... Marukin Shoyu Co. 143f - budget 289, 309 Maruko Pharmaceutical Co. 599 - Gene Bank Project, see Depositories ... Marusan-Ai Co. 143f - international fellowships 9, 682 Maruzen Petrochemical 571 - Kanto Forest Tree Breeding Institute Maryland Research Center 210 660f Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. 144f, - organizational structure 307f 585, 588 - R&D policy 307,606f Matsushita Research Institute 587, 588 - rDNA guidelines 644 Max Planck Institute 559 - RECRAS database, see Databases ... Max-Planck Institute, Koeln 171 - research institutes 8, 338f MBI, see Marine Biotechnology Institute - research institutes, locations 340f Co. - Tsukuba research complex, see Tsukuba MD Research Institute 595f Science City ... Mect Co. 599 Ministry of Construction 32lf, 62lf, 691 Medical and Biological Laboratories Co. - budget 289 144f - research institutes 8, 362f Medical Information System Development Ministry of Education, Science and Center 601 Culture (Monbusho) 8,9,10,13, 14,291, Medical Instrument Society of Japan, see 314f, 690, 691 Society ... - budget 289, 316f, 38lf Medical Research Council, UK 246 - centers for cooperative research 9, 13, Meidensha 621 14, 383f, 620, 709 Meiji Chocolate 612 - competitive grants 38lf Meiji Milk Product Co. 6, 145f, 571, 599, - cooperation with industry 383f, 619 600, 601, 603, 616, 618 - grants-in-aid 382f Meiji period 1, 287 - international fellowships 9, 319f, 682 Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. 6,21, 146f,557, - "koza" fund 381 571, 595, 599, 600, 601, 603, 605, 609, 616, - NACSIS database, see Databases ... 617 - organizational structure 315f Meiji University, see University ... - patent management 619 Meito Sangyo Co. 147f, 571, 599, 613 - R&D policy 618f Merck Co., USA 41,43 - rDNA guidelines 643 MHW, see Ministry of Health and - research institutes 8, 11, 372, 380, 384f Welfare ... - Science and International Affairs Microtec Two-One Co. 148f Bureau 315, 316, 318 Midori Juji, see Green Cross Co. - subsidies 316 Mie University, see University ... Ministry of Finance 289, 291, 320f, 608, Mikado Seed Growers 148f 628f,709 Minamata accident 551 - research institutes 359f Ministries - tax exemptions 30,568,572, 628f, 629, - expenditure in life science and 702 biotechnology 289f Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Research - history 287 Institutes 8 - location 290 Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) - general overview 7, 29lf 8,9,10, 13,289,291, 310f, 628, 636, 645, - rivalries 7, 288 676, 690, 691 Ministry·of Agriculture, Forestry and - approval procedure for pharmaceuticals Fisheries (MAFF) 8, 9, 13, 23, 291, 306f, 645 550,606,628,634,690,691 - budget 289, 314f - AGRIS database, see Databases ... - Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Division 311 756

- depositories 660 Mitsubishi Kasei Co. 6, 33, 35, 152f, 364, - Division of Life Science 312f, 597 370, 547, 559, 583, 584, 586, 587, 599, 603, - international fellowships 9,682 604,613 - Japanese Cancer Research Resources Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences Bank, see Depositories ... 370f, 547, 583, 585 - organizational structure 311f Mitsubishi Metals Co. 588 - R&D policy 597f Mitsubishi Oil Co. 153f, 571, 590, 609 - rDNA guidelines 645 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co. 153f, 557, - research institutes 9, 349f 571, 652, 586, 599 Ministry of International Trade and Mitsubishi Petrochemical Engineering Co. Industry (Mm) 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 29, 30, 571 287,289,291, 299f, 362, 365, 546, 550, Mitsubishi Rayon Co. 154f, 579, 602 564, 566f, 567, 594, 628, 629, 632, 637, Mitsubishi Research Institute 588 640,643,690,691 Mitsubishi Trading 697 - Biochemical Industry Division 302f, 567 Mitsui Co. 17,28, 155f,604 - biotechnology projects 306f Mitsui Construction Co. 621 - budget 289, 306f Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. - international cooperation 567 156f, 559, 571, 612 - international fellowships 9,679 Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co. 329,672 - Japan Patent Information Organization Mitsui Norin Co. 156f 666f Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. - JBA Biotechnology database, see Japan 157f, 571, 584, 583, 596, 599, 600, 601, Bioindustry Association ... 711 - joint research with industry 305 Mitsui Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 158f, 559, - organizational structure 302f 599,603 - R&D policy 3OOf, 566f Mitsui Sugar Co. 158f, 612 - rDNA guidelines 643f Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank 571 - Refining Division, Agency of Natural Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. 35, 159f, Resources and Energy 304f 559,571,583,585,596,603,617 - research institutes 9, 330f, 690 Mitsusawa Rikagaku Kogyo Co. 159f - technopolis plan 14,701f Miyajima Shoyu Co. 160f Ministry of Post and Telecommunications Miyazaki Research Park 708 8,291,362,594,632,691 Miyazaki University, see University ... - research institutes 8 Miyoshi Co. 16Of, 711 Ministry of Transport, research institutes Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co. 161f 8 Mizuno Bioholonics Project 556f MITI, see Ministry of International Trade Mizutani Plant Ecochemicals Project 556, and Industry ... 559f Mitsubishi Bank 599 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 35, 161f, Mitsubishi Cable Industry Co. 588 599,603 Mitsubishi Cement Co. 609 Mohan Medicine Research Institute 599 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, see Molecular Biology Society of Japan, see Mitsubishi Kasei Co. Society ... Mitsubishi Corporation 17, 28, 149f, 599, Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, 697 see University of Tokyo ... Mitsubishi Electric Co. 27, 149f, 557, 571, Momoya Co. 162f 579,584,587,588,697 Monbusho, see Ministry of Education, Mitsubishi Engineering Co. 612 Science and Culture ... Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co. 150f, 372, Monsanto Japan 571 571,583,584,599,613 Moonlight project 305 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 150f, Morinaga Co. 163f, 616 571, 590, 613 Morinaga Institute of Biological Science Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd. 151f, 571 KK. 163f, 571 757

Morinaga Milk Industry Co. 21, 164f, - of Animal Health 347f 571, 599, 600, 601 - of Genetics 11, 457f Morinaga Sugar Co. 557 - genetic resources section 655f Morishita Pharmaceutical Co. 599 - of Health 313, 349f, 600, 601, 603 Morita Co. 165f - opposition to 676 Municipal Clinical Research Center 600 - Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Murakami Color Research Laboratory Science 351, 359 616 - of Health and Nutrition 357f Mycological Society of Japan, see - of Hygienic Science 313, 354f, 600, 601, Society ... 602,603 N.T. Science 610 - of Neuroscience, see National Center of Nacalai Tesque, Inc. 165f Neurology and Psychiatry ... NACSIS database, see Databases ... - of Nutrition 313, 603 Nagaoka Regional Technology - of Public Health 358f, 601, 602 Development Center 708 - of Radiological Sciences 299, 329f Nagaoka University of Technology, see - of Science and Technology Policy 295, University ... 296 Nagase Biochemicals 166f,614 - of Sericultural and Entomological Nagoya City University, see University ... Science 348f Nagoya University, see University ... National Research Institute, see also Nakano Vinegar Co. 167f National Institute ... Nanei Togyo Co. 609 - of Aquaculture 345f, 660f Nara Women's University, see University ... - of Brewing 320, 359f National Agriculture Research Center National Research Institutes 7 344f National Science Foundation, USA 684 National Cancer Center 313, 351f NCI 557 National Cardiovascular Center Research NEC Corporation 168f, 571, 587, 614, Institute 353f, 601, 602, 603 697 National Center of Neurology and NEDO, see New Energy and Industrial Psychiatry 313, 355f, 600, 601, 603 Technology Development Organization ... National Center for Environmental NEEDS, see Nikkei Database Health 601, 603 Neos Co. 168f National Chemical Laboratory for Nestle KK 599 Industry 334f, 584, 585, 587, New Energy and Industrial Technology National Childrens' Medical Research Development Organization (NEDO) 9, Center 600, 601, 602, 603, 661 13, 302, 365f, 569, 574, 575f, 590, 630f National development plan 687 - application procedure for R&D projects National Diet Library 668f 631 National Federation of Agricultural - budget 577 Cooperative Associations 130f - international joint-research program National Food Research Institute 343f, 588f 695 - international fellowships 680 National Institute, see also National - international research collaboration Research Institute ... center 681 - for Agro-Environmental Sciences 346f, - international research grants 680 645 - organizational structure 576f - contained greenhouse 347, 645 - patents 577 - for Basic Biology 456f - projects 577 - for Environmental Studies 320, 361f - research facility investment program - for Molecular Science 456f 365,631 - for Physiological Sciences 457f - research institutes 365f - of Agrobiological Resources 341f, 560, - technology transfer 577 658 New Japan Chemical Co. 169f 758

Newspapers, circulation number 662 Nippoh Chemicals Co. 176f, 571 NGK Insulators, Ltd. 169f, 571, 579 Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co. Nibishi Shoyu KK 170f 177f,711 Nichigai Associates 672 Nippon BioRad 571 Nichimen Co. 28, 170f Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. 177f, Nichirei Co. 171f, 571, 581, 599, 603, 616 599 Nichirei Gene Laboratory, see University, Nippon Chemical Feed Co. 178f Tokai Nippon Chemiphar 599, 697 Nichiro Fisheries Co. 172f Nippon DEC 697 Nihon Alcohol Co. 571 Nippon Flour Mills Co. 179f Nihon Bunko 558 Nippon Foods 612 Nihon Chemicals 34 Nippon Gene Co. 179f Nihon Data General 588 Nippon Hazleton 571 Nihon DEC 364 Nippon Institute for Biological Science Nihon Denpun Kogyo Co. 172f (NIBS) 373f Nihon Electric Co. 588 Nippon Kayaku Co. 180f, 571, 599 Nihon Gaishi 601 Nippon Keisoku Kogyo 616 Nihon Iyakuhin Kogyo Co. 173f Nippon Kokan KK 181f, 571, 581 Nihon Kayaku 603, 617 Nippon Meat Packers 616 Nihon Kentetsu 602 Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. 181f Nihon Koden Kogyo 588 Nippon Mining Co. 182f, 372, 571, 581, Nihon Koshi 621 590, 599 Nihon Medi-Physics Co. 173f,599 Nippon Oil Co. 183f, 571, 590 Nihon Meiji Physics 605 Nippon Oil and Fats Co. 183f, 571, 599, Nihon Millipore Co. 571 603,606,614,697 Nihon Nosan Kogyo KK 173f Nippon Paint Co. 184f Nihon Noyaku 617 Nippon Paper and Pulp 697 Nihon Pall Co. 571 Nippon Petroleum Refining Co. 184f, 579 NihonPCG 600 Nippon Pharmaceuticals 603 Nihon Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 600, 603 Nippon Plate Glas 697 Nihon Polio Center 601 Nippon Roche KK. 330, 185f, 364, 571, Nihon Semiconductors 697 599 Nihon Shinyaku 600 Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. 187f, 613 Nihon Shoji 556, 600, 603 Nippon Shinyaku Co. 187f, 557, 599 Nihon Shokken Co. 174f Nippon Shiryo Kogyo Co. 188f Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co. 174f, 557, 571, Nippon Shoji Kaisha 185f, 599 614 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Co. 188f, 571 Nihon Soda Co. 617 Nippon Soda Co. 189f, 372, 571 Nihon Texas Instruments Co. 697 Nippon Steel Co. 189f, 372, 571, 584, Nihon University, see University ... 589, 595, 601 Nihon Vacuum Technology 697 Nippon Steel Chemicals 372, 571, 601 Nihon Zeon Co. 600, 601 Nippon Suisan Kaisha 19Of, 581, 610, 616 Niigata Engineering Co. 555, 613 Nippon Synthetic Rubber 697 Niigata University, see University ... Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co. Nikka Densoku 616 19lf Nikka Whisky 571, 599, 601, 609 Nippon Telephone and Telegraph 363, Nikkei Biotech, see Journals ... 594 Nikkei Database 670f Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co. 191f Nikken Chemicals Co. 175f, 599, 612 Nippon Zeon Co. 192f, 571, 599 Nikken Food Co. 176f Nireco Co. 616 Nikki 613 Nishihara Environmental Research Nikkoso 588 Center 621, 621 Nikon 588 Nishihara Environmental Sanitation Co. 579 759

Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd. 192f, Oji Cornstarch 612 372, 579, 617 Oji Paper Co. 25, 203f, 557, 571 Nissan Construction 610 Oji international seminars 683 Nissan Motor Co. 372 Okayama University of Science, see Nissan Pharmaceutical Co. 193f University ... Nisseiken 610 Okayama University, see University ... Nisshin Engineering 613 Okazaki National Research Institutes Nisshin Fme Chemicals 609 455f,602 Nisshin Flour Milling Co. 193f, 571, 599, Okinawa Seikagaku Kogyo Co. 204f 616,618 Okinawa Sun ChIorella Manufacterers Nisshin Food Products Co. 194f Co. 204f Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. 194f, 571, 609, Okinoerabu Bio Laboratory Co. 205f 612, 615 Okinoerabu Kyuukon Bio-Research Nisshin Seihun, see Nisshin Flour Milling Center 609 Nisshin Seiko 618 Okura Co. 28 Nissho Iwai Corp. 28, 195f, 610, 616, 618 Okura Shuzo Co. 206f Nissin Electronics 616 Olympus Optical Co. 205f, 558, 571 Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. 195f, 599, 603, Oncomembrane Co., Seattle 210 616 Ono Pharmaceutical Co. 206f, 599 Nitimou 610 Onoda Cement Co. 207f, 372, 571, 610 Nitto Bion Co. 196f Oosue Construction 609 Nitto Boseki Co. 197f, 372 Opinion polls 676 Nitto Chemical Industry Co. 197f, 571 Opposition against biotechnology and Nitto Denim, see Nitto Electric Industrial rONA techniques 676 Co. Oriental Electric Co. 207f Nitto Electric Industrial Co. 198f, 571, Oriental Instruments Ltd. 208f 579,599,601,612 Oriental Yeast Co. 209f, 571, 612, 613 Nitto Foods Product Co. 199f Osaka Bioscience Institute 368f, 484f Nittoku Contruction 697 - opposition to 676 NKK Co. 199f, 621 Osaka Cement 609 Nobo Pharmaceuticals 602 Osaka City University, see University ... Noda Institute for Scientific Research Osaka Gas Co. 209f, 571 373f Osaka Institute for Microbial Diseases, NOK Corporation 2OOf, 616 see University of Osaka. .. Nomura Research Institute 571 Osaka Medical College 557 Norinchukin Bank 572 Osaka Municipal Technical Research Novo Industri Japan Ltd. 2OOf,571 Institute 369f, 486f Novo Nordisk 571 Osaka, Senri Science Park 16 Novo Yakuhin 599 Osaka University, see University ... Nozaki Co. 28 Otsuka Chemicals 617 Nursery Technology, Inc. 2Olf, 609f Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. 6, 34, 210f, Obayashi-gumi Co. 610 599,601 Obihiro University, see University ... Ozeki Sake Brewing Co. 211f, 609 Ocean Research Institute, see University P.C.C. Technology, Inc. 211f,596f o/Tokyo... P3- and P4-laboratories, see rDNA-related Ochanomizu University, see University ... research ... OECD, rONA guidelines 644, 645 Panapharm Laboratories 599 Office of Advanced Research and Paramount Beds 588 Technology of Pharmaceuticals 313 Patent Office 305f, 637 Ohayo Dairy Products Co. 20lf Patents 573, 637f Ohbayashi Co. 202f, 571, 609 - applications, rONA 2,30 Oita Shoyu Kyogyo Co. 202f - attack 2, 29 Oita University, see University ... - biotechnology, of foreign origin 638 760

- biotechnology 638f a.p. Corporation 213f,613 - cell fusion 2 R&D Association, see also Research - database, see Japan Patent Infonnation Association ... OTganization - for Future Electronic Devices 586 - deposit of matter 639f, 656, 657 R&D expenditure in biotechnology, life - microorganism depository, see sciences 3, 4, 11, Depositories ... R&D policy, national 7, 287f, 292f, 551£ - MITI-owned 304f - implementation 9, 292f, 553 - of foreign origin 638 R&D Program, see also R&D Project... , - regulations 30 Research Association ... PatriarchaIic system 14 - on Basic Technology for Future Pentel 571 Industries 13, 305, 602, 333, 335, 336, PERI, see Protein Engineering Research 337,568,576,577,582f Institute - on Medical and Welfare Equipment Periodicals, see Journals ... Technology 305,602, 587f Pfizer Taito 599 R&D Project, see also R&D Pharma Bio Co. 210 Association ... , Research Association ... Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau 313 - on Bio-electronic Devices 337, 586f Pharmaceutical Affairs Law 645 - on Bioreactors 583, 584f Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, see - on Bioreactors for Food Industry 13, Society ... 310, 344,548,611f Pharmacia KK 571, 599 - on Global Environmental Technology Physiological Society of Japan, see 305,334,367,552,588,593f Society ... - on Large-scale Cell Cultivation 583, Plant Engineering Research Center 617 584f Plantech Nitten Co. 212f - on Molecular Assemblies for Functional Plantech Research Institute 212f Protein System 583, 586f Pneneix 588 - on Utilization of rONA 584,585f Policy discussion board for - on Wastewater Technology, see Aqua pharmaceuticals, medical devices and Renaissance '90 Project... , Biofocus cosmetics 313 Wastewater Treatment Program ... PolyCell Co. 246 Ram Hybrid International Co. 155 PORIM, Malaysia 574 RAPAD, see Research Association for Prefectural governments 14 Petroleum Alternatives Development - research activities in biotechnology 710 RCAST, see University of Tokyo, Research Prima Meat Packers 613, 616 Center for Advanced Science and Primate Research Institute, see University Technology of Kyoto ... rONA-related research Priority-area projects, special funds 381£ - committee of JBA 574 Project, see R&D Program ... , R&D - expenditure 641, 721 Project... - experiments, survey 641 Protein Engineering Research Institute, - guidelines 567, 640f Co. (PERI) 13, 213f, 290, 363f, 548, 567, - guidelines of Japanese Ministries, see 595,633 under specific Mi1listry ... - opposition to 676 - P3- and P4-laboratories 328f, 646 Protein Engineering Society of Japan, see - research personnel 30, 547, 641, 721 Society ... rONA-related products Public acceptance 7, 15, 552, 567, 675f - approved manufacturing plans 33f - measures for promotion of 677f - industrial production, application Public research corporations 323 procedures 645 Public Science Association 602 - market expectations of industry 5f, 6, Public Works Research Institute 321, 31,32, 722 362f - procedures for approval 642 761

- products under development 6, 32 of Marine Organisms (MBI), see Marine - regulations 642f Biotechnology Institute ... - release 645 Research core project 702 - sales 4f, 32f, 722 Research companies 12, 372 - STA regulations 643 Research Development Corporation of - survey 33f Japan (JRDC) 297,299,323, 553f - under application 32f - High Technology Consortium 555 - USA regulations 642 - licensing of results 555 - W.-German regulations 642 Research foundations 548 Recombinant..., see rDNA-related.. . Research grants RECRAS database, see Databases .. . - international 678f Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Co. 245 - of Ministries, see under individual Regional Biotechnology Association Ministries Network, see Japan Bioindustry Research institutes, see also Institutes ... , Association ... National Institutes ... Regional Technology Development 14, - attached to national universities 11, 380 305,310 - expenditure for life sciences 11 Regionalization of industry 14, 701 - in Tsukuba Science City 8 Rehabilitation Center for the - inter-university 380 Handicapped 602 - national inter-university 380 Research, see also R&D... - personnel in recombinant research 641 Research Associations, see also R&D - personnel in the life sciences 12, 721 Association ... , R&D Project... - survey 322f, 378f, 380f Research Association 12, 30, 288, 305, Research Institute 548, 568f, 576 - Industrial Products 337f - for Bioreactor System, see R&D Project - of Applied Electricity, see University of on Bioreactors for Food Industry ... Hokkaido ... - for Biotechnology 579, 582, 583f, 640 - of Brewing Resources, Ltd. 214f - targets 584f - of Electrical Communication, see - for Petroleum Alternatives Development University of Tohoku ... (RAPAD) 304,306,568, 589f - of Industrial Bio-Science Japan, Ltd. - alcohol production costs 593f 214f - pilot plants 591£ - of Industrial Technology for the Global - targets 590 Environment 367 - for Sensing System in Food Industry - of Innovative Technology for the Earth 614f,615 (RITE) 367f - for Transplantation of Fertilized Eggs in - of Microbial Biochemistry 375f Agricultural Animals 617f - of Environmental Medicine, see - for the Development of Agrochemicals University of Nagoya ... 617f - for Bioresources, see University of - for the Improvement of Enzyme Okayama ... Function in the Food Industry 13, 310, - for Food Science, see University of 614f Kyoto ... - for the Industrial Utilization of Marine - for Microbial Diseases, see University of Organisms (MBI) 306, 366f Osaka ... - for the Structure Analysis of Genes - for Molecular Genetics, see University of from Agricultural Organisms 617 Tokyo ... - of Medical and Welfare Apparatus 588 - for Polymers and Textiles 335f, 585 - of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry - for W akan-Yaku, see University of and Fisheries MAFF 695 Toyama. .. Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Research Promotion Fund for see University of Hokkaido ... Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Research Center for the Industrialization Cosmetics, see Adverse Drug Sufferings 762

Relief and Research Promotion Fund... Sanyo Denki, see Sonyo Electric Co. Research ship of the Marine Sanyo Electric Co. 225f, 556, 587, 588, Biotechnology Institute 367 697 Resource banks 552 Sanyo-Kokusai Pulp Co. 226f,571 Resources Council 295 Sapporo Breweries Co. 227f, 571, 599, Rhone-Poulenc 571 609 Rice Breeding Research Laboratories Sapporo Foundation for the Promotion of 214f Life Sciences 227 Rice Breeding and Production Institute Sapporo Medical College, Cancer 609 Research Institute 395f Ricoh Kyosan 571 Sapporo Medical College 395f RIKEN, see Institute of Physical and Satsuma Shuzo Co. 228f Chemical Research ... Savings, of households 627 Ringi system 7, 675 Sawai Pharmaceuticals Co. 599, 602, 603 Rinnay 697 Scholarships RITE, see Research Institute of Innovative - Adverse Drug Sufferings Relief and Technology for the Earth Research Promotion Fund 9 Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. 215f - international 678f Rujihira Kogyo 621 - Japan Key-Tee Center 9 Ryuhodo Pharmaceutical Co. 216f - Japan Society for the Promotion of Ryukyu Cement Co. 216f Science 9 Safety, see under rDNA-related research ... - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Saga-ken Shoyu Kyogyo Kumiai 217f Fishery 9 Saga University, see University ... - Ministry of International Trade and Sagami Chemical Research Center 217f, Industry 9 37lf - New Energy and Industrial Technology Saibu Gas Co. 218f Development Organization 9 Saikin Kagaku Institute Co. 218f - Science and Technology Agency 9 Sainte Neige Wine Co. 219f School system 378f Saitama Institute of Technology 408f - number of schools 719 Saitama University, see University .. - advancement rate 719 Sakata Seed Corporation 219f Science and technology agreements, Sake 1,18 international 678 - Resources Research Center 609 Science and technology policy, see R&D San-Ei Chemical Industries Co. 599 policy... San-Jirushi Corporation 22lf Science and Technology Agency (STA) Sanbishi Co. 220f, 613 7,8,9, 13,288,289,291,292, 294f, 299, Sanei Chemicals 601 322, 323, 552, 553f, 564, 690, 691 Sangyo Medical University 600 - budget 289f, 299f, 381 Sanin Kensetsu Kogyo Co. 220f - fellowships, procedure to apply 679f Sankai Co. 22lf - international fellowships 678 Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co. 22lf - nCST database 299, 330, 662f Sanki Construction and Engineering 579, - Life Sciences Division 297 609, 614, 621 - organizational structure 296f Sankyo Co. 6, 19, 222f, 540, 571, 599, - public acceptance measures 677 600,602,603,697 - public corporations 323 Sanraku Inc. 223f, 571, 590, 599, 609 - rDNA guidelines 643 Santen Pharmaceutical Co. 224f, 599, 600 - Regional High Technology Network Sanwa Bank 610 Project 9, 709 Sanwa Corn Starch Co. 226f - research grants 678 Sanwa Kagaku 599 - Resources Division 647 Sanwa Shurui Co. 224f - science policy 7, 292, 295, 553 Sanyo Chemical Industries 225f, 571 - Tsukuba institutes 8, 695 763

Science cities 14,687f Shoda Soy 613 Science Council 291, 315, 316f, 618, 619f Showa Chemical Co. 240f - bioscience subcommittee 318 Showa College of Pharmaceutical - organizational structure 317 Sciences 422f - members 317 Showa Denko KK 241£,364,571 - recommendations 619, 620f Showa Industry 612 Science Council of Japan 293 Showa Sangyo Co. 242f, 571 Science, financing 626f Showa Shell Sekiyu KK 242f, 590 Science University of Tokyo, see SKK Biochemicals 571 University ... Snow Brand Embryo Transfer Research Seatechs Aquaculture 609 Center 243f Seika Shokuhin Co. 228f Snow Brand Milk Products Co. 6, 35, Seikagaku Kogyo Co. 229f, 599, 602 244f, 571, 599, 600, 601, 613, 616 Seikei University, see University ... Society, see also Association ... Seiken Inc. 229f - Agricultural Chemical, of Japan 10, Seiko Instruments Inc. 23Of, 329 526f Seinan Kaihatsu Co. 230f - Biochemical, Japanese 527f Seitetsu Kagaku Co. 231£ - Botanical, of Japan 533f Sekisui Chemical Co. 231£, 571, 581, 599, - Chemical, of Japan 534f 602, 697 - Electrochemical, of Japan 541 Sekisui Plastics Co. 232f - Genetics, of Japan 534f Sekko Co. 275 - Japan Oil Chemists 535f Sendai, Kozinkai Center Hospital 558 - Japan, for Bioscience, Biotechnology Senmi Ekisu Co. 232f and Agrochemistry 526f Senri Technology Park 14,700f - Medical Instrument, Japan 536f Serono Japan 599 - Molecular Biology, of Japan 536f Serotec Co. 233f - Mycological, of Japan 544 Sharp 587 - Neurochemical, Japanese 542 Shibaura Eng 614 - Neuroscience, Japan 538 Shikoku Electrical Construction Co. 233f - Pharmaceutical, of Japan 533f Shikoku Kasei Kogyo K.K. 234f - Pharmacological, Japanese 542 Shikoku Research Institute, Inc. 235f - Physiological, of Japan 541 Shimadzu Co. 28, 236f, 558, 571, 588, - Protein Engineering, of Japan 531£ 612, 616, 697 - Zoological, of Japan 544 Shimai Pharmaceuticals Co. 41 - for Bacteriology, Japanese 528f Shimane University, see University ... - for Biomaterials, Japan 530f Shimaya Co. 235f - for Biomedical Gerontechnology, Japan Shimizu Corporation 236f, 571, 579, 581, 538 621 - for Cancer Therapy, Japan 539 Shimizu Pharmaceuticals 599, 602, 603 - for Cell Biology, Japan 538 Shin Nihon Chemical Co. 35, 238f, 612 - for Laboratory Animal Science 539 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. 237f, 599 - for Marine Biotechnology, Japanese Shin-Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, 531£ Ltd. 238f - of Biomechanism of Japan 541 Shinko-pfaudler Co. 237f - of Biorheology, Japanese 540 Shinnippon Steel 609, 610 - of Breeding, Japanese 528f Shinshu University, see University ... - of Chemical Engineers, Japanese 543 Shionogi Co. 6, 19, 34, 35, 239f, 557, - of Developmental Biologists, Japanese 571,599,600,601,605,617 540 Shiraima~su Shinyaku Co. 239f - of Enzyme Engineering, Japanese 529f Shiseido Co. 240f, 571, 581, 600, 606 - of Fermentation Technology 531£ Shizuoka Higashi Hospital 603 - of Food Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, see University ... Japanese 536f 764

- of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co. 34, 248f, Japan 539 599,600,602,603 - of Japan, Brewing 529f Sunshine project 305, 333, 336 - of Japanese Virologists 537f Sunstar Inc. 6, 248f - of Microbial Ecology, Japanese 540 Suntory Ltd. 1, 6, 19, 29, 33, 249f, 364, - of Nutrition and Food Science, Japanese 557,571,581,596,599,603,609,612,616 532f Sunx 588 - of Pharmacognosy, Japanese 543 Suzuki Memorial Foundation 602 - of Plant Physiologists, Japanese 532f T. Hasegawa Co. 250f - of Polymer Science, Japanese 543 Tabai Espec Corporation 250f, 571 - of Scientific Fisheries, Japanese 544 Taiho Pharmaceutical 599 - of Yeast Scientists 537f Taiji Food Co. 711 - on Marine Biotechnology 579f Taiko Sangyo K.K. 25lf Soga 613 Taisei Co. 571, 581, 609, 610 Sogo Pharmaceuticals 559 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. 19, 253f, 571, Somar Corporation 571 599,603 Sophia University, see University ... Taito Co. 252f Special Coordination Funds for Taiyo Fishery Co. 253f, 571, 609 Promoting Science and Technology 7, Taiyo Foods Co. 252f 295, 298f, 299, 552, 553f Taiyo Kagaku Co. 254f Special funds for young scientists 15 Takada Industries, Ltd. 254f Special Reference Laboratories 559, 599, Takara Shuzo Co. 36, 255f, 571, 599, 600, 603 609,617 SRI International 651 Takasago Thermal Engineering 571 STA, see Science and Technology Agency... Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 6, 19, Standards 303, 640f 33, 256f, 364, 572, 583, 585, 588, 599, 600, Standards in biotechnology 573, 573f 601,602,603,605,697 Stanley Electric Co. 586, 586 Takeda-Abbott Pharmaceuticals 256 Statistical data Takenaka Corporation 257f, 572, 621 - agriculture 715 Takii Co. 257f - food intake 714 Tama Biochemical Co. 572 - general 717 Tamagawa University, see University ... - R&D budget 716 Tanabe Seiyaku Co. 2, 19, 258f, 546, 572, - trade 715 599,601,602,605 Sumika Agro 610 Tateishi Electroncis 616, 697 Sumirin Agro-Products Industries Co. Tatsuuma Honke Brewing Co. 259f 244f Tax exemptions, see Ministry of Finance ... Sumitomo Bakelite 365, 559, 588 TDK 588 Sumitomo Bank 599 Technology transfer 10, 28 Sumitomo Cement 602 Technopolis plan 14, 383, 688, 701f Sumitomo Chemical Co. 6, 245f, 570, - locations and outline 702, 703 571,583,585,599,600,602,697,711 Technopolis Sumitomo Co. 17,28, 246f, 599 - Akita 704 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. 365, - Aomori 704 571,588,590,599,605 - Asama 705 Sumitomo Engineering 605 - Ehime 704 Sumitomo Forestry Co. 245f, 571 - Hakodate 704 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. 246f, - Hamamatsu 704 571, 605, 621 - Hiroshima 705 Sumitomo Jukikai Environment, Inc. - Kagawa 705 247f, 590 - Kan-Omurawan 705 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. 247f, - Kenhoku-Kunisaki 705 571,603 - Kibi Plateau 705 765

- Kitakamigawa 704 Tokyo Municipal Institute of Neurology - Kohfu 705 600 - Kokubu-Hayato 705 Tokyo Research Institute for - Koriyama 704 Immunological Studies 603 - Kumamoto 705 Tokyo Tanabe Co. 599, 603 - Kurume 705 Tokyo University, see University ... - Miyazaki 705 Tokyo University of Fisheries, see - Nagaoka 704 University ... - Nishiharima 704 Tokyo University of Agriculture and - Sendai Northern Cluster 704 Technology, see University ... - Toyama 704 Tokyo University of Agriculture, see - Ube 705 University ... - Utsunomiya 704 Tokyo Women's Medical College, - Yamagata 704 Institute of Biomedical Engineering 488 Teijin Ltd. 6, 259f, 588, 600, 599, 601, Tokuyama Soda 572 603 Tomita Pharmaceutical Co. 266f Teikoku Seiyaku 599 Tonen Corporation 572, 581 Teikyo University, see University ... Toray Fuji Bionics, Inc. 266f Teisan 697 Toray Industries 2, 6, 24, 267f, 365, 555, Terumo Co. 260f, 599, 600, 603 557,572,588,599,600,603 The Chemical and Serotherapeutic Toray Research Center, Inc. 267f,583, Research Institute, see Chemo-Sero• 586 Therapeutic Research Institute Toshiba Corporation 268f, 572, 579, 588, Three M (3M) 559 616,621 Toa Electronics 616 Toshin Electric 588 Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co. 261£, Toshoku Ltd. 28 572 Tosoh Corporation 268f, 558, 559, 572, Toa Nenryo Co. 364, 596, 599, 600 581, 605 Toa Pharmaceutical Co. 261£, 572 Toto Co. 579 Toho Chemical Co. 572 Tottori University, see University ... Toho Gas Co. 262f, 572 Touyou Information System 673f Toho University, see University ... Towa Kagaku K.K. 269f Tohoku Electric Co. 262f, 610 Toyama Chemical Co. 270f, 599 Tohoku Oil Co. 263f Toyama Information Education Center Tohoku Seed Co. 263f 708 Tohoku University, see University ... Toyama National Junior College 708 Tokai Regional FISheries Research Toyama Prefectural Institute for Laboratory 555 Pharmaceutical Research 601 Tokai University, see University ... Toyama University, see University ... Tokiko 588 Toyo Boseki 600,602 Tokita Seed Co. 264f Toyo Engineering 572, 590, 609 Tokuyama Soda Co. 264f, 559, 697 Toyo Green 610 Tokyo BioFair, see Bio-Fair Exhibitions ... Toyo Ink Co. 599,601,697 Tokyo Electric Power 372 Toyo Jozo Co. 6,33,34,35, 271f, 556, Tokyo Gas Co. 265f, 572 572, 583, 585, 599, 600, 601, 609, 612, 613, Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics 425f 614,615,616 Tokyo Institute of Technology, see Toyo Kikai Hanbai 610 Institute of Technology ... Toyo Menka Kaisha 28 Tokyo Medical and Dental University, see Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co. 270, 372, University ... 599 Tokyo Metropolitan University, see Toyobo Co., Inc. 6, 24, 33, 34, 35, 270f, University ... 572, 599, 613 Tokyo Municipal University 600 Toyota Motor Corporation 572 766

Trade - private 319 - exports 181,717, 718 - public 319 - matrix of Japan 715 - survey 319f Trading houses 17, 28f, 30 - technology transfer 10 - global network 17,29f University - information collection 9 - Aoyama Gakuin 413f - sales 717 - Chuo 414f Training 552 - Doshisha 469f Trust Fund Bureau Fund 627,633 - Fujita Gaku-en 603 Tsukishima Kikai, see Tsukishima - Hirosaki 386f Machines Co. - Hokkaido Tokai 560 Tsukishima Machines Co. 572, 621 - Hoshi 414f Tsukuba Science City 7,14, 688f - Iwaki Meisei 401f - AIST research complex 330f, 692 - Juntendo 603 - Government Research Institutes 8f, 690 - Kansai 410f,528 - MAFF research institutes 309,338, - Research Institute of Technology 411£ 339f, 690, 692 - Keio 415f, 601, 602, 603 - milestones during construction 690 - Kinki 602 - Mm research institutes, see AlST - Kitasato 415f research complex - Bioscience Research Center 415 - opposition to biotechnology 676 - Medical, Osaka 551 - Research Consortium 697 - Meiji 411f, 573 - Science Park 696 - Meiji Pharmaceutical 556 - Tokodai Industrial Park 548 - Nihon 411f, 551, 559,600,603 Tsukuba University, see University ... - North Carolina State 589 Tsumura 600, 601, 603 - Obihiro, of Agriculture and Veterinary Tweyford International 122 Medicine 394f Ube Industries, tid. 35, 272f, 559, 572, - Ochanomizu 418f,558 599,609 - Pharmaceutical, Meiji 556 Uchiyama Ryokuchi Construction 610 - Rikkyo 558 Ueda Chemical Industrial Co. 273f - Science, of Tokyo 419f Ueno Pharmaceuticals 623 - Research Institute for Science and United Agriseeds Co. 272 Technology 421f United Nations University, Tokyo 684 - Seikei 421£ Unitika tid. 34,35, 273f, 572, 588, 599, - Shinshu 461£ 602, 614 - High Polymer Research Institute 462 Universities - Sophia 600, 422f - academic degrees 10, 379 - Life Science Institute 423 - contract research 383 - Tamagawa 424f - cooperation with industry 13, 383 - Technical 301 - donations 381 - Teikyo 559, 603 - education, field of study 319, 380 - Biotechnology Research Center 424f - endowed chairs 381 - Toho 425f - entrance examination 10 - Tokai 560f - expenditure for life sciences 11 - Nichirei Gene Laboratory 171 - faculties of agriculture 11 - Tokyo Kasei 603 - "koza" fund 381 - Toyo 560 - funding 381 - United Nations, Tokyo 684 - national 319 - Waseda 442f - patent system 383 University - personnel in life sciences and - of Agriculture, Nihon 559 biotechnology 12, 315, 380, 721 - of Akita 385f - priority areas 381£ - of Amsterdam 589 767

- of Brandeis 589 - of Kumamoto 383, 514f, 559, 602, 708 - of California, Irvine 559 - Institute for Medical Genetics 515 - of Cambridge 589 - of Kurume, Industrial 708 - of Chiba 403f, 601 - of Kyoto 10, 474f, 556, 557, 559, 570, - Center for Neurobiology and 573, 589, 602 Molecular Immunology 403 - Center for Molecular Biology and - Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi Genetics 534 and Microbial Toxicoses 404f - Institute for Virus Research 480f - of Darmstadt 589 - Institute for Nucleic Acid Information - of Ehime 497f and Analysis 539 - of Fukui 445f - Institute for Immunology 476 - of Fukuoka, Women's 559 - Institute for Chemical Research 479f - of Fukuyama 510f - Primate Research Institute 48lf - of Gifu 446f, 383 - Radiation Biology Center 475 - Center for Cooperative Research 383, - Research Institute for Food Science 446 48lf - Institute of Anaerobic Bacteria 446 - Research Center for Medical Polymers - of Gunma 383, 405f, 558 and Biomaterials 475 - Laboratory of Drug Resistance in - Research Center for Cell and Tissue Bacteria 405 Culture 479 - of Hamamatsu, of Industrial - Wood Research Institute 482f Information 708 - of Kyoto, Prefectural 474f - of Hawaii 589 - of Kyushu 10, 517f, 559, 601, 603 - of Hiroshima 497f, 556, 573 - Institute of Genetic Resources 520 - Center for Gene Science 498 - Research Laboratory for Genetic - Laboratory of Plant Chromosome and Information 517f, 661 Gene Stock 498 - of Kyushu, Kyoritsu 516f - of Hokkaido 10, 387f, 574, 601 - of Mainz 589 - Cancer Institute 391 - of Marburg 589 - Chromosome Research Unit 390 - of Maryland 589 - Institute of Immunological Sciences - of Massachusetts 589 391 - of Mie 483f - Institute for Dairy Science 388 - of Miyazaki 520f - Institute for Algological Research 389 - of Nagoya 10, 45lf, 557, 558, 589, 603 - Research Center for Molecular - Biochemical Regulation Research Genetics 392 Institute 454 - Research Institute of Applied - Center for Gene Research 451 Electricity 392 - Center for Cooperative Research in - of Ibaraki 406f Advanced Science and Technology 383, - of Iwate 394f 451 - of Kagawa 500f - Research Institute of Environmental - of Kagoshima 5Uf Medicine 454f - of Kanazawa 447f, 600, 602 - of Nagoya, City 450f - Cancer Research Institute 449f - of Nara, Women's 484f - Center for Gene Research 448 - of Niigata 459f - Neuro Information Research Institute - Brain Research Institute 460f 448 - of Oita 52lf - of Kanazawa, Medical 661 - of Okayama 50lf - of Kobe 471f - Cancer Institute 503 - Center for Molecular Biology 472 - Gene Research Center 502 - Center for Cooperative Research and - Institute for Neurobiology 503 Development 383, 471 - Research Institute for Bioresources - of Kochi 50lf 505f 768

. - of Okayama, Science 505f - of Tokyo, Agriculture and Technology - of Osaka 10, 488f, 555, 602 383,432f - Biomedical Research Center 490 - of Tokyo, Agriculture 431£, 558 - Institute for Protein Research 493f - of Tokyo, Fisheries 434f - Institute for Cellular and Molecular - of Tokyo, Medical and Dental 430f Biology 488f, 661 - of Tokyo, Metropolitan 430f, 573 - Institute of Scientific and Industrial - of Tokyo, Science 419f, 559 Research 495f - Research Institutes for Science and - International Center of Cooperative Technology 421£ Research in Biotechnology 492 - of Ube Science 708 - Research Institute for Microbial - of Tokyo, Women's Diseases 35, 495f, 600 - Institute of Biomedical Engineering - Research Center for Basic Protein 434f Engineering 494 - of Tottori 508f - of Osaka, City 485f - of Toyama 465f - of Osaka, Medical and Dental 603 - Center for Cooperative Research 383, - of Osaka, Prefecture 34, 486f 465 - of Saga 523f - of Toyama, Medical and Pharmaceutical - of Saitama 408f, 556, 572, 573, 574, 602, 465f 603 - Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku - of Saitama, Medical 603 466f - of Shimane 506f - of Tsukuba 409f, 557, 573, 589, 601, - of Shizuoka, National 462f 603, 689 - School of Optoelectronics 708 - Gene Experiment Center 409 - of Shizuoka, Public 464f - of Utsunomiya 410f, 559 - of Siena 589 - of Washington, Seattle, Biomembrane - of Technology, Nagaoka 449f Research Center 210 - Technological Development Center - of Wisconsin, State 559 506 - of Yamagata 401£ - of the Ryukyus 521£ - of Yamaguchi 509f - of Tohoku 10, 397f, 556, 557, 558, 589 - of Yamanashi 466f, 573 - Chemical Research Institute of Non- - Institute of Enology and Viticulture Aqueous Solutions 401£ 467 - Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center - of Yokohama, City 412f 400f - Institute of Environmental Science and - Gene Research Center 400f Technology 412 - Institute of Genetic Ecology 400f - of Yokohama, National 41lf - Research Institute of Electrical Unkai Shuzo Co. 274f Communication 399f Upjohn Co. 49, 599, 600, 697 - Research Institute of Electric and USA, rDNA regulation, see rDNA-related Magnetic Alloys 558 products ... - of Tokushima 507f U shio Electrics 697 - Institute for Enzyme Research 507f Usuki Bio-Research Center Cooperative - of Tokyo 10, 367, 435f, 556, 557, 559, 275f 570, 572, 573, 574, 601, 603, 661 Usuki Seiyaku Co. 275 - Institute of Medical Sciences 442f Utano Hospital 602 - Institute of Brain Research 437f Utsunom.iya University, see University ... - Institute of Applied Microbiology 439f Valent Co. 245 - Molecular Genetics Research Vascular Graft Research Center Co. 604f Laboratory 440f Venture companies 2,30 - Ocean Research Institute 441£ W.-Germany, rDNA regulation, see - Research Center for Advanced Science rDNA-related products ... and Technology (RCAST) 441£ Wakamoto Pharmaceuticals Co. 275f, 613 769

Wakayama Agri-Bio Research Center Yamae Food Industry Co. 281f 610,610 Yamagata University, see University .. . Wakayama Nokyo Foods 610 Yamaguchi University, see University .. . Wakayama Nosanbutsu Processing Yamaka Shoyu Co. 281f Research Institute 610 Yamanashi University, see University ... Wako Pure Chemical Industries 276f, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. 282f, 599,600,601,602,605 572,599,601,602,697 Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. 6,33, Yamasa Shoyu Co. 283f, 572, 599 276f,599 Yamatake Honeywell 616 Waseda University, see University ... Yamazaki Mazak 697 Water Re-use promotion center 579 Y okogawa Electric Corporation 283£, Wood Research Institute, see University of 572,588,613 Kyoto ... Yokohama City University, see World Federation of Culture Collection University ... 654 Yokohama National University, see Xestek 588 University ... Yae Nogei Co. 277f Yonekyu Co. 284f Yaegaki ShuZQ Co. 278f Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Yaeso Chemical 617 6, 284~ 599, 603, 605 Yaeyama Shokusan Co. 278f Yuki Gosei Kogyo Co. 285f,572 Yagai Corporation 279f Zenitakagumi 609 Yaizu Fish 613 Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. 599 Yakult 279f, 572, 599, 601, 603, 613, 614 Zoological Society of Japan, see Society ... Yamada Foods Co. 280f Correlation of the Christian and Japanese Calendar

Christian Japanese

1993 5 1992 4 1991 3 Sfl..6X:3~ Heisei 3 nen 1990 2 Sfl..6X: 2 ~ Heisei 2 nen 1989 (1) Sfl. .6X: Jt; ~ Heisei Gannen 1988 63 IIBfo 6 3 $ Showa 63 nen 1987 62 IIBfO 6 2 ~ Showa 62 nen 1986 61 1985 60 1984 59 1983 58 1982 57 1981 56 1980 55 1979 54 1978 53 1977 52 1976 51 1975 50 IIB~O 5 0 ~ Showa 50 nen

(Japan counts years by the rule of her emperors who, for the year of their enthronement, define a theme, e.g., "Heisei" = "peaceful development" and "Showa" = "enlightened peace". The "Foundation Years" are: Meiji Gannen = 1878; Taisho Gannen: 1912; Meiji Gannen: 1926; Heisei Gannen: 1989).

The Japanese Fiscal Year (FY) starts on April 1st and ends on March 31st of the following year. Thus, as an example, "FY 1990" extends from April 1st, 1990, to March 31st, 1991.

Correlation of Western and Japanese Counting

Number Western Japanese

10 ten Guu) 100 hundred (hyaku) 1000 thousand (sen) 10000 ten thousand (man, mman) 100 000 hundred thousand Guu man) 1000000 million (hyaku man) 10000000 ten million (sen man) 100 000 000 hundred million ( oku, ichi oku) 1000 000 000 billion Guu oku) 10 000 000 000 ten billion (hyaku oku) 100 000 000 000 hundred billion (sen oku) 1 000 000 000 000 1 trillion (chou, ichou) (The Japanese use a counting system based on 10000 ( n, man) and its multiples, e.g., 10000 x 10.000 ( ta, oku) and 10 000 x 10 000 x 10 000 (?lis, chou). This often causes considerable confusion in changing from Western to Japan'ese figures, and vice versa). Exchange Rates between Yen, US-$, DM, Pound Sterling and FFr (as of Sep. 1st, 1990, rounded)

Yen US·$ DM Pound FFr

1000000 (en. hyaku-man) 6961 11 020 3715 36 955 10 000 000 ff Jj. sen-man) 69 610 110 200 37 150 369 550 100 000 000 (-{i, ichi-oku) 696 100 1102000 371 500 3695500 1000 000 000 <+ •. juu-oku) 6961000 11 020 000 3715000 36 955 000 10 000 000 000 (Ef •• hyaku-oku) 69 610 000 110 200 000 37 150 000 369 550 000 100 000 000 000 (-f- •• sen-oku) 696 100 000 1102 000 000 371500 000 3695500 000 1000 000 000 000 (~t • chou) 6961000 00011 020 000 000 3715000 00036 955 000 000

Positions in Japanese Industry and Government

Industry

Adviser (Komon) Manager (Shukan) Manager (Department Head) (Kachou) General Manager (Division Head) (Buchou) Director (general) (Torishimari-yaku) Deputy Director (Fuku Shochou) Director (of a unit) (Shochou) Director (Riji) Managing Director (Joumu Riji) Executive (Managing) Director (Senmu Riji) President (of a unit) (Rijichou) Vice President (Fuku Shachou) President (of a company) (Shachou) Chairman of the Board (Kaichou) Government

Office (Shitsu) Division (Ka) Department (Bu) Bureau (Kyoku) Secretariat (Jimukyoku) Director (Kachou) Director-General (Kyokuchou) Vice-Minister (Jimujikan) Minister's Secretariat (Daijin Kanbou) Minister (Daijin)

University

Chair (Kouza) Room (Shitsu) Division (Bumon) Department (Ka) Faculty. School (Bu)