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Israel: Growing Pains at 60
Viewpoints Special Edition Israel: Growing Pains at 60 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org The maps on pages 96-103 are copyright The Foundation for Middle East Peace. Our thanks to the Foundation for graciously allowing the inclusion of the maps in this publication. Cover photo in the top row, middle is © Tom Spender/IRIN, as is the photo in the bottom row, extreme left. -
Box List of Moses Gaster's Working Papers at the John Rylands
Box list of Moses Gaster’s working papers at the John Rylands University Library, Manchester Maria Haralambakis, 2012 This box list provides a guide to a specific segment of the wide ranging Gaster collection at The John Rylands Library, part of the University of Manchester, namely the contents of thirteen boxes of ‘Gaster Papers’. It is intended to help researchers to search for items of interest in this extensive but largely untapped collection. The box list is a work in progress and descriptions of the first six boxes are at present more detailed than those of boxes seven to thirteen. Most of the work in preparation for this box list has been undertaken in the context of a postdoctoral research fellowship funded by the Rothschild Foundation (Hanadiv) Europe at the Centre for Jewish Studies in the University of Manchester (September 2011– August 2012). Biographical history Moses Gaster was born in Bucharest (Romania) to a privileged Jewish family in 1856. His mother's name was Phina Judith Rubinstein. His father, Abraham Emanuel Gaster (d. 1926), was the commercial attaché of the Dutch consulate. Gaster went to Germany in 1873 to pursue philological studies at the University of Breslau, which he combined with studying for his Rabbinic degree at the Rabbinic Seminary of Breslau. He defended his doctoral thesis at the University of Leipzig. After his studies, in 1881, he returned to Romania and lectured in Romanian language and literature at the University of Bucharest. He also officiated as an inspector of secondary schools (from 1883) and an examiner of teachers (from 1884). -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. The exact Hebrew name for this affair is the “Yemenite children Affair.” I use the word babies instead of children since at least two thirds of the kidnapped were in fact infants. 2. 1,053 complaints were submitted to all three commissions combined (1033 complaints of disappearances from camps and hospitals in Israel, and 20 from camp Hashed in Yemen). Rabbi Meshulam’s organization claimed to have information about 1,700 babies kidnapped prior to 1952 (450 of them from other Mizrahi ethnic groups) and about 4,500 babies kidnapped prior to 1956. These figures were neither discredited nor vali- dated by the last commission (Shoshi Zaid, The Child is Gone [Jerusalem: Geffen Books, 2001], 19–22). 3. During the immigrants’ stay in transit and absorption camps, the babies were taken to stone structures called baby houses. Mothers were allowed entry only a few times each day to nurse their babies. 4. See, for instance, the testimony of Naomi Gavra in Tzipi Talmor’s film Down a One Way Road (1997) and the testimony of Shoshana Farhi on the show Uvda (1996). 5. The transit camp Hashed in Yemen housed most of the immigrants before the flight to Israel. 6. This story is based on my interview with the Ovadiya family for a story I wrote for the newspaper Shishi in 1994 and a subsequent interview for the show Uvda in 1996. I should also note that this story as well as my aunt’s story does not represent the typical kidnapping scenario. 7. The Hebrew term “Sephardic” means “from Spain.” 8. -
Ethnicity and Education: Nation-Building, State-Formation, and the Construction of the Israeli Educational System
ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION: NATION-BUILDING, STATE-FORMATION, AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ISRAELI EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM GAL LEVY A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR PHD DEGREE THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2002 2 ABSTRACT The dissertation is about the ethnicisation of social relations in Israeli society and its reflection and manifestation in education. My main aim in this study is twofold: first, to offer a critical account of the development of ethnic relations in Israeli society and to examine the role ethnicity has played in the processes of nation-building and state-formation; and, second, to propose a history of the educational system in Israel which accounts for the role of education in creating and perpetuating ethnic identities. The first part of the dissertation consists of a critical reading of existing analyses of ethnicity in Israel. Its aim is to bring the state into the analysis of ethnic relations and demonstrate that such an approach is vital to the understanding of ethnic relations and identities. In the following part, I trace back the processes of nation-building and state-formation demonstrating how governments and major political actors became involved in the formation and re-production of ethnic boundaries within Israeli society. In these two parts, I am arguing against both functionalist and critical accounts of ethnicity in Israel, which tend to ‘essentialise’ ethnic categories and thus deny the political nature of ethnicity and its power as an organising basis for political action. In the third and major part of the dissertation, I seek to re-construct the history of the Israeli educational system within an understanding of ethnicity as a structural feature of state-society relations. -
The Hebrew Watchman
Serving Memphis and Mid-South Jewry Since 1925 Vol. 99, No.25 50 Cents Per Issue March 4, 2021 • 20 Adar, 5781 MEMPHIS, TENNESEE Israel to spend $50M compensating families of children who disappeared in state’s early years By Asaf Shalev JERUSALEM (JTA) — The Is- raeli government approved a plan Monday. February 22, to provide compensation of up to $60,000 to some of the families of children who went missing while in state care in the 1950s. But advocacy groups and sev- eral of the families have already rejected the plan, calling it a cyni- The sculpture “Le Deporté” by Françoise Salmon can be seen on cal move designed to silence their the site of the former concentration camp Neuengamme. larger demands for accountability. Credit: Markus Scholz/picture alliance via Getty Images) They are demanding an official apology, an expansion of the eligi- US deports 95-year-old former Nazi bility criteria, and further access to state records that might shed light A view of Yemenite Jews who were flown into Israel in 1950 under concentration camp guard back to Germany on the fate of their relatives. “Operation Magic Carpet.” Credit: Bettmann/Getty Images By Philissa Cramer Amendment that bars anyone who The compensation plan — NEW YORK (JTA) – A year participated in Nazi-sponsored amounting to roughly $50 million kidnap children from hospitals and The window to apply for money after an immigration judge ordered persecution from entering or living — represents a new phase for what clinics and deliver them to Ashke- runs from June 1 to Nov. -
Targeted Exclusion at Israel's External Border Crossings
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Pomona Senior Theses Pomona Student Scholarship 2016 Banned from the Only Democracy in the Middle East: Targeted Exclusion at Israel’s External Border Crossings Alexandra Goss Pomona College Recommended Citation Goss, Alexandra, "Banned from the Only Democracy in the Middle East: Targeted Exclusion at Israel’s External Border Crossings" (2016). Pomona Senior Theses. Paper 166. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/166 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Pomona Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pomona Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Goss 1 Banned from the Only Democracy in the Middle East: Targeted Exclusion at Israel’s External Border Crossings Alexandra Goss Readers: Professor Heidi Haddad Professor Zayn Kassam In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts in International Relations at Pomona College Pomona College Claremont, CA April 29, 2016 Goss 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements........................................................................................................4 Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................5 I. Israel: State of Inclusion; State of Exclusion................................................5 II. Background of the Phenomenon...................................................................9 -
The Yemenite Dance Materials of Saralevi-Tanai
Jewish Folklore and Ethnology ReviewJ Vol. 20J Dance isl THE YEMENITE DANCE MATERIALS OF SARALEVI-TANAI ish on Thy to Giora Manor go : of y ••• Nobody, even she herself, can be sure what age folkloric traditional patterns in many variations in lath shereallyis. This is not because of the usual vanity her choreography. of grand ladies of the dance, who think they can Only when Sara became a student at the cheattime but succeed only in making the life of LevinskyTeachers Seminar in Tel Aviv in her late be dance historians difficult. The true date of birth teens, did she go to visit the Yemenite quarter, an for perhaps the most important Israeli Kerem Hatrymanim. There she heard and saw my Ir it. choreographer of the last fifty years is unknown. Yemenite song and dancing and encountered the SaraLevi-Tanai was born in Jerusalem sometime ion, rich artistic heritage of her ancestors. As she has before the First World War to parents who had often said, " I knew Dostoyevski and Shakespeare come from Yemen in the 1880s. They moved to long before reading the poems of the great Jerusalemduring the era of the Ottoman reign and Yemenite poet Shalom Shabazi ... " under the Turks there were no official birth In order to fully understand her work and its certificates.When Sara was about four years old, relation to ancient Yemenite folk traditions, it is her mother and siblings died in an epidemic, necessary to deal with several important points, probably of cholera. Her father, who had severe including the contrast in her own background alcoholproblems, abandoned his daughter to her between her Western and her Yemenite ancestry; own fate. -
Germs Know No Racial Lines: Health Policies in British Palestine (1930
UNIVERSITY OT LONDON University College London Marcella Simoni “Germs know no racial lines” Health policies in British Palestine (1930-1939) Thesis submitted for the degree of goctor of Philosophy 2003 ProQuest Number: U642896 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642896 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract In mandatory Palestine, Zionist civil society proved to be a powerful instrument for institution- and state-building. Civil society developed around four conditions: shared values, horizontal linkages of participation, boundary demarcation and interaction with the state. These four 6ctors were created and/or enhanced by the provision of medical services and by the organization of public health. In Jewish Palestine, these were developed - especially in the 1930s - by two medical agencies: the Hadassah Medical Organization and Kupat Cholim. First of all, Zionist health developed autonomously from an administrative point of view. Secondly, it was organized in a network of horizontal participation which connect different sections of the (Jewish) population. In the third place, medical provision worked as a connecting element between territory, society and administratioiL Lastly, the construction of health in mandatory Palestine contributed to create a cultural uniformity which was implicitly nationalistic. -
Israel's Attack on Gaza and the Rule Of
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "#$%&'()*!+!,--.!/0*'#102!304%5&6!78'29! :22!&'()*6!&565&;59<! =&'1*59!'1!*)5!>1'*59!?*0*56!#@!:A5&'B0<! "#;5&!956'(1!C%!:90A!?)0$'&#<! ! ! /0*'#102!304%5&6!78'29! DE,!/06608!?*&55*F!G!.,,! /54!H#&I!/H!D--EJ! =)#15K!L,D,M!NO.PQD--!! R0SK!L,D,M!NO.P,JDD! ! ! T5C!6'*5!099&566K!!)**$KUU444<12(<#&(! ! ! ! R#&!A59'0U$&566!'1V8'&'56F!$25065!B#1*0B*!/37!#@@'B5<! ONSLAUGHT: ISRAEL’S ATTACK ON GAZA AND THE RULE OF LAW Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………. 1 I. Introduction………………………………………………………………… 3 II. Background………………………………………………………………… 5 III. Targeting Civilians and Civilian Infrastructure……………………… 8 A. Targeted Civilians……………………………………………………… 9 1. Khaled Mohammed Abed Rabbo 2. Ibtisam al-Sammouni 3. Rouhiya al-Najjar 4. Ahmad Mubarak Hussein Shrahi 5. Atiyeh Hilmi al-Sammouni 6. Ibtisam Ahmad Farrah al-Ganou’ Analysis: Targeting Civilians……………………………………… 13 B. The Use of Human Shields……………………………………………. 14 C. Targeted Civilian Infrastructure……………………………………….. 16 1. American International School in Gaza 2. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency 3. Homes Destroyed 4. Medical Centers Analysis: Targeting Civilian Infrastructure……………………….. 18 IV. Illegal Use of Weapons…………………………………………………… 19 A. Prohibited Weapons…………………………………………………… 20 B. Illegal Use of Conventional Weapons – White Phosphorous……… 21 1. Saima Sulman al-Minay’ah 2. Sabah Abu Halima 3. UNRWA Headquarters Analysis: Illegal Use of Weapons………………………………… 24 V. Prevention of Access to Medical and Humanitarian Aid………… 25 A. Denial of Medical Care………………………………………………… 25 1. Al-Zaytoun Neighborhood, Beit Lahiya 2. Al-Shurrab Family B. Attacks upon Medial Facilities and Personnel……………………… 27 1. Al-Quds Hospital 2. Union of Health Care Committees Analysis: Prevention of Access to Medical and Humanitarian Aid…… 30 VI. -
Representations of Samaritans in Late Antique Jewish And
REPRESENTATIONS OF SAMARITANS IN LATE ANTIQUE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS Matthew Chalmers A DISSERTATION in Religious Studies Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2019 Supervisor of Dissertation ______________ Annette Yoshiko Reed, Associate Professor (NYU) Graduate Group Chairperson ________________ Jamal Elias, Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Religious Studies Dissertation Committee Jamal Elias, Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Religious Studies Steven Weitzman, Abraham M. Ellis Professor of Hebrew Semitic Languages and Literatures, Ella Darivoff Director of the Katz Center of Advanced Judaic Studies Andrew S. Jacobs, Professor of Religious Studies, Mary W. and J. Stanley Johnson Professor of Humanities (Scripps) REPRESENTATIONS OF SAMARITANS IN LATE ANTIQUE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS COPYRIGHT 2019 Matthew James Chalmers ABSTRACT REPRESENTATIONS OF SAMARITANS IN LATE ANTIQUE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS Matthew Chalmers Dr. Annette Yoshiko Reed Samaritans, like Jews and Christians, trace their identity to ancient Israel. Today, they are a minority in Israel-Palestine. In antiquity, however, they appear frequently in our sources from the late antique eastern Mediterranean, from scripture, to midrash, to Roman law, to heresiology, to rabbinic literature, and beyond. Therefore, one would expect to see Samaritans heavily represented in scholarship, both within Religious Studies and in cognate disciplines, which has over several decades developed a toolkit using attention to representations of identity and alterity to both reconstruct the past and interrogate our own categorization and classification of difference. Nevertheless, the group receives little attention, often reduced to their few biblical appearances and to debates about the moment at which the group divorced from Judaism. -
Feraru Ionel, Son Vrai Nom Est Finkelstein Izi
201 [13 martie 1952] Dates biographiques concernant le communiste Ionel Feraru 1. Nom et prénom: Feraru Ionel, son vrai nom est Finkelstein Izi. 2. Dernière fonction: Chef du Service de Contrôle Economique près la Milice Rayonnale de Galaþi. 3. Grade: Lieutenant de Milice. Il n’a pas fait le service militaire. 4. Age: 30 ans environ. 5. Taille: 1,60 m environ. 6. Cheveux: Noirs avec raie sur on côté. 7. 7. Yeux: Noirs. 8. Signes particuliers: Gras, avec un visage pointu orné d’une moustache. 9. Etat civil: Marié. Originaire de Galaþi où il a habité 26, rue Domneascã. 10. Etudes: Il a suivi l’école primaire et puis 4 classes du lycée juif. 11. Domicile: Habite à Galaþi, au 9 rue Instrucþiei. 12. Appartenance politique: Membre de l’UTM d’abord puis il devient membre du parti vers 1950. 13. Détails supplémentaires: Son père a étè un commerçant aisé à Galaþi ayant un magasin au 26, rue Domneascã. Il a changé de nom vers 1948. Il a étè 4 ans ab- sent de Galaþi. Avant d’être nommé chef du service économique, il était agent auprés de ce service. Il est extrémement brutal avec tous ceux qui lui tombent dans les mains; il les injurie et les frappe même. Il poursuit et brutalise notamment la population juive qui ressente une véritable terreur devant lui. Il ménait une activi- té propagandistique et faisait tout son possible afin d’empêcher les juifs d’émigrer en Israel. Pendant qu’il était agent de contrôle, il faisait partie de l’équipe des deux autres communistes: Kessler et Mãglãdeanu à qui il manque une oreille. -
The Subversive Action of the Urban Camp Irit Katz Feigis
Resourceful Cities Berlin, 29-31 August 2013 From Exclusion to Co-operation – The Subversive Action of the Urban Camp Irit Katz Feigis Paper presented at the International RC21 Conference 2013 Session 24.1 Encapsulating, including, excluding: urban camps from a global perspective Draft version. Please do not circulate and do not cite without the permission of the author. PhD Candidate The Department of Architecture University of Cambridge 1-5 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK [email protected] 1 Abstract1 Since the early decades of the 20th century camps have been used as an instrument in order to suspend, control and administer land and population in Israel/Palestine. In a state of emergency, when the normal law is suspended, the camp is a quick translation of a political agenda or a humanitarian crisis into an ad-hoc act of construction where civic life and military action interacts. Within a specific context, the paper will analyse two neighbouring settlements in the southern Negev desert; Yerucham - created in the 1950s by the Israeli government as a Jewish immigrant absorption camp and eventually turned into a minor development town, and the neighbouring Rachme, an ‘unrecognised village’ which was created in the 1960s as an informal camp by the indigenous Bedouin population and is now struggling for government recognition. The paper will examine the relations between Yerucham and Rachme, which in opposition to the Israeli policy of ethnic segregation manage to act together in order to improve their own difficult reality. The paper will argue that camps have become a site for the emergence of new subjectivities which use legal, spatial and political actions to resist the oppressive power of the state, and that the abandonment and suspension of these two populations has expedited their resourceful co- operation in challenging the modes of traditional governance.