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Revisiting David and Bathsheba

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Revisiting David and Bathsheba VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Revisiting Bathsheba and David: A Recuperative Reading with Julia Kristeva ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. F.A. van der Duyn Schouten, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Wijsbegeerte op maandag 30 juni 2014 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Dirkje Dianne Bergsma geboren te Nieuwendijk Promotoren: prof.dr. J.H. Olthuis prof.dr. R. van Woudenberg Copromotor: dr. L.D. Derksen This dissertation is in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a conjoint Ph.D. degree program offered by the Institute for Christian Studies, Toronto and the VU University Amsterdam. This thesis is dedicated to my husband Jerry Bergsma my love and my soul-friend, my best critic and my greatest supporter, who taught me to ask ‘why’ and then said, ‘why not?’ Acknowledgements I hereby express my sincere thanks to: Dr. James H. Olthuis, of the Institute for Christian Studies in Toronto, for providing the rigors and the adventure of an engaged pedagogy of meticulous investigations into philosophical theology and various aspects of biblical interpretation and of the philosophy of Julia Kristeva; also for joyfully bringing a conjunctive philosophy of body, mind and spirit through faith and prayer to a comprehensive and exacting learning process. Your faithfulness in seeing me through the process of learning and writing continues to be greatly appreciated. Dr. Louise D. Derksen, of the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, for giving excellent academic advice and constant encouragement; for the discussions and insights of the philosophy of Julia Kristeva, and for affirmation of the possibilities and responsibilities of a feminist Christian interpretation of the biblical text in the Reformed tradition, thereby synchronizing my faith and home-world with my academic work. Your work with me and for me continues to be much appreciated. The Institute for Christian Studies, its Senior and Junior members and its supporters, for being a place where one can study philosophy and theology from our ‘ground motive’ and our ‘ultimate concern’ perspectives, where we may question and affirm in deep discussions grounded in prayer, and learn the ‘beautiful risk’ of love and the sacred in a shared spiritual faith journey; my years with you have been a most excellent academic and personal experience. Without taking away from anyone else, I would like to especially thank Senior Members Robert Sweetman, Lambert Zuidervaart, Hendrik Hart, and Ronald A. Kuipers for discussions with ‘ah- ha’ moments in and outside the classroom. My family, with deepest appreciation for unwavering support. Abbreviations for Frequently Cited Texts AML Fletcher, John and Benjamin, Andrew, eds. (1990) Abjection, Melancholia, and Love: The Work o f Julia Kristeva, London and New York: Routledge EPD Oliver, Kelly, ed. (1993) Ethics, Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva’s Writing, New York, London: Routledge FS Clément, Catharine and Kristeva, Julia (1998) trans. Jane Marie Todd (2001) The Feminine and the Sacred , New York: Columbia University Press ITB Kristeva, Julia (1985) trans. Arthur Goldhammer (1987)In the Beginning was Love, Psychoanalysis and Faith, New York: Columbia University Press LM Lechte, John and Margaroni, Maria (2004) Julia Kristeva: Live Theory, London, New York: Continuum LU Kristeva, Julia (1989) trans. Anne Menke (1991)Language: The Unknown, An Initiation into Linguistics, New York: Columbia University Press MS Kristeva, Julia (1993) trans. Ross Guberman (1995) New Maladies o f the Soul, New York, Columbia University Press PH Kristeva, Julia (1980) trans. Leon Roudiez (1982) Powers o f Horror, An Essay on Abjection, New York: Columbia University Press PK Oliver, Kelly, ed. (2002) The Portable Kristeva, Updated Edition, New York: Columbia University Press RK Oliver, Kelly (1993) Reading Kristeva, Unravelling the Double-bind, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press RPL Kristeva, Julia (1974) trans. Margaret Waller (1984) Revolution in Poetic Language, New York: Columbia University Press SNR Kristeva, Julia (1996) trans. Jeanine Herman (2000) The Sense and Non-Sense of Revolt: The Powers and Limits of Psychoanalysis. New York: Columbia University Press SO Kristeva, Julia (1991) trans. Roudiez, Leon S. (1991) Strangers to Ourselves, New York: Columbia University Press TL Kristeva, Julia (1983), trans. Leon S. Roudiez (1987) Tales o f Love, New York: Columbia University Press BR Olthuis, James H. (2001) The Beautiful Risk, Grand Rapids: Zondervan HF Fernhout, Harry (1986)Promises Broken; Promises Kept, Toronto: Joy in Learning Curriculum Development and Training Centre HU Olthuis, James H. (1987)A Hermeneutics o f Ultimacy: Peril Or Promise? Lanham/New York/London: University Press of America KO Olthuis, James H. ed. (1997)Knowing Other-wise, Philosophy at the Threshold of Spirituality. New York: Fordham University Press NIV Barker, Kenneth, General Editor (1985) The NIV Study Bible, New International Version., Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House TEC Olthuis, James H. ed. (2000) Towards an Ethics o f Community, Negotiations o f Difference in a Pluralistic Society, Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press The Modern Library Index for: Revisiting Bathsheba and David, a Recuperative Reading with Julia Kristeva Title Dedication Acknowledgements Abbreviations for Frequently Cited Texts Prologue Chapters: 1. Revisiting with Kristeva: A Recuperative Reading, Across the Grain a Kristeva’s Method b My Approach c Kristeva’s Understanding of Women’s Stories in Biblical Narrative d Gathering Threads 2. Kristeva’s Signifying Process: the Revolutionary Symbolic/Semiotic Double Movement a Kristeva’s Philosophy of Language b Semiotic Chora in a Heterogeneous Language Philosophy c The Symbolic with the Semiotic Element in the Signifying Process of Language d The Transgression and Infinite Possibilities of Poetic Language e The Murky Water of Metaphors of Non-Speech f Gathering Threads 3. The Sacred Crossroads of Love: Between Tyranny and Delirium a To Experience Love and To Encounter the Sacred b The Feminine and the Sacred c Psychoanalysis and Love d Narcissism and Beyond e Rehabilitating Narcissism through a Biblical and Sacred Self-Love f The Shulamite at the Crossroads g Gathering Threads 4. Sovereignty of/for the Subject-In-Process/On-Trial a Freud and the Id, the Ego, and the Super-ego b Lacan and the Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic c Lacan’s Imaginary and Kristeva’s Imaginary Discourse d The Role of Abjection in the Be[com]ing of a Subject f Gathering Threads 5. The Story of Bathsheba and David: Beauty Objectified and the Abjection of the Objectifier a The Beginning of the Story in the Narrative b A Subject Position with a Relational Identity c The Objectification of a Subject d Lexicons of Meanings e The Conspiracy to Conceal the Crime f The Murder of Uriah g Judgement and Punishment h Abject Grief and Comfort I Gathering Threads 6. An Ethical Witness to The Unethical: Toward An Herethics of Love a Identities in Crisis and the Sexualized Female Body b The Setting c Amnon and the Sexualized Female Body of Tamar d Silencing Tamar, the Shattering of a Violated Subject e Consequences f Absalom and His Crime of War Committed on Ten Sexualized Female Bodies g Consequences h David and the Virgin Abishag, the Impotence of Not Knowing i Adonijah’s Conspiracy in the Struggle for David’s Throne j Breaking Bathsheba’s Silence k Creating a Speaking Subject l Power and Periphery m The Politics of the Virgin Female Body n The ‘Who’ of Bathsheba as a Subject o Gathering Threads Epilogue: Into the Future: a Her(ethics) of Love Between Delirium and Tyranny a An Oscillation Between Rejection and Identification, Between Delirium and Tyranny b Biblical Interpretation and Identity Formation c Struggles for Subjects-In-Process/On-Trial d Herethics for Sovereign Subjects-In Process/On-Trial e Kristeva’s Revolution as Sacred Transformation Bibliography Prologue This prologue seeks to provide the author’s context, premises and aims for this philosophical theological thesis which aims to provide an application of the semiotic theory of Julia Kristeva to a revisiting, that is rereading, reexamining, analyzing and reflecting on the biblical story of King David and Bathsheba, and how we may understand our own life-stories, our subjectivity, and our relation to the sacred and to the world. Although the work of Julia Kristeva is well known and the story of David is familiar to readers of the Bible, it is my assertion that a re-reading of this biblical narrative and some of its commentary in view of selected Kristevan philosophical concepts can lead to a multi-layered understanding of this narrative and give us deeper insights into our own stories. As we seek insights into the biblical narratives and their possible meanings and influences for today, we read, examine and interpret with an awareness of the distinction between critical history and the sacred history of biblical stories. James H. Olthuis explains, “Biblical narratives are neither myth nor general, cultural history, but historical stories both written from and for a specialized certitudinal purpose of engendering and exhorting faith” (HU 43). For Olthuis, certitudinal is a “designation for the kind of text the Scriptures are, a book exhorting its readers about the ultimate certitudes of life” (HU 79). It is this quality of exhorting, of encouraging its readers in faith, which differentiates the Bible from other texts. Olthuis elucidates that, “Only when we do justice to the specialized purpose of the canonic texts are we able to honor them in their received form even as we engage in critical interpretation” (HU 43). Thus in order to examine and interpret our chosen biblical narrative, we need a method which honors the distinctive uniqueness of the sacred text. We need to employ a faith-qualified 1 hermeneutic with its focus on matters of ultimate concern, in this case how the divine-human relationship works itself out in the story of David and Bathsheba.
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