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An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin
United States Department of From the Rio to the Sierra: Agriculture Forest Service An Environmental History of Rocky Mountain Research Station the Middle Rio Grande Basin Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5 Dan Scurlock i Scurlock, Dan. 1998. From the rio to the sierra: An environmental history of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 440 p. Abstract Various human groups have greatly affected the processes and evolution of Middle Rio Grande Basin ecosystems, especially riparian zones, from A.D. 1540 to the present. Overgrazing, clear-cutting, irrigation farming, fire suppression, intensive hunting, and introduction of exotic plants have combined with droughts and floods to bring about environmental and associated cultural changes in the Basin. As a result of these changes, public laws were passed and agencies created to rectify or mitigate various environmental problems in the region. Although restoration and remedial programs have improved the overall “health” of Basin ecosystems, most old and new environmental problems persist. Keywords: environmental impact, environmental history, historic climate, historic fauna, historic flora, Rio Grande Publisher’s Note The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA Forest Service. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. The author withheld diacritical marks from the Spanish words in text for consistency with English punctuation. Publisher Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins, Colorado May 1998 You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. -
Antileishmanial Compounds from Nature - Elucidation of the Active Principles of an Extract from Valeriana Wallichii Rhizomes
ANTILEISHMANIAL COMPOUNDS FROM NATURE - ELUCIDATION OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF AN EXTRACT FROM VALERIANA WALLICHII RHIZOMES Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Jan Glaser aus Hammelburg Würzburg 2015 ANTILEISHMANIAL COMPOUNDS FROM NATURE - ELUCIDATION OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF AN EXTRACT FROM VALERIANA WALLICHII RHIZOMES Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Jan Glaser aus Hammelburg Würzburg 2015 Eingereicht am ....................................... bei der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 1. Gutachter Prof. Dr. Ulrike Holzgrabe 2. Gutachter ........................................ der Dissertation 1. Prüfer Prof. Dr. Ulrike Holzgrabe 2. Prüfer ......................................... 3. Prüfer ......................................... des öffentlichen Promotionskolloquiums Datum des öffentlichen Promotionskolloquiums .................................................. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am .................................................. "Wer nichts als Chemie versteht, versteht auch die nicht recht." Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799) DANKSAGUNG Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde am Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg auf Anregung und unter Anleitung von Frau Prof. Dr. Ulrike Holzgrabe und finanzieller Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 630) angefertigt. Ich -
Alhagi Maurorum
Prepared By Jacob Higgs and Tim Higgs Class 1A EDRR- Early Detection Rapid Response Watch List Common crupina Crupina vulgaris African rue Peganum harmala Small bugloss Anchusa arvensis Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis Spring millet Milium vernale Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago North Africa grass Ventenata dubia Plumeless thistle Carduus acanthiodes Malta thistle Centaurea melitensis Common Crupina Crupina vulgaris African rue Peganum harmala Small bugloss Anchusa arvensis Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis Spring millet Milium vernale Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago North Africa grass Ventenata dubia Plumeless thistle Carduus acanthiodes Malta thistle Centaurea melitensis m Class 1B Early Detection Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Purple starthistle Cantaurea calcitrapa Goatsrue Galega officinalis African mustard Brassica tournefortii Giant Reed Arundo donax Japanese Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Vipers bugloss Echium vulgare Elongated mustard Brassica elongate Common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum L. Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Cutleaf vipergrass Scorzonera laciniata Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Purple starthistle Cantaurea calcitrapa Goatsrue Galega officinalis African mustard Brassica tournefortii Giant Reed Arundo donax Japanese Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Vipers bugloss Echium vulgare Elongated mustard Brassica elongate Common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum L. Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Cutleaf vipergrass Scorzonera laciniata Class 2 Control -
Appendix G Local Plant List 2013 APPENDIX
Appendix G Local Plant List 2013 APPENDIX G LOCAL PLANT LIST PLANT LIST RECOMMENDATIONS Green Roofs Note: The following list is from the Green Roofs – Cooling Los Angeles: Resource Guide and provides vegetated roof plants applicable to Santa Barbara. For more information visit, http://www.fypower.org/pdf/LA_GreenRoofsResourceGuide.pdf. For roof garden plants, use sun and drought tolerant, self-sustaining native trees, shrubs and ecoroof plants. Common Name Scientific Name Gold Tooth Aloe Aloe nobilis Golden Barrel Cactus Echinocactus grusonii Hasse’s Dudleya Dudleya hassei Beavertail Prickly Pear Opuntia basilaris Blue-blad Cactus Opuntia violacea santa-rita Chalk Dudleya Dudleya Pulverulenta Felt Plant Kalanchoe beharensis Ice Plant Delosperma cooperii Lampranthus Lampranthus productus October Daphne Sedum sieboldii Oscularia Lampranthus deltoids Purple Stonecrop Sedum spathulifolium White Trailing Ice Plant Delosperma Alba Brown Sedge Carex testacea Deer Grass Muhlenbergia rigens Tussock Sedge Carex stricta Many species of agave Bioretention Areas, Rain Gardens, Planter Boxes, Infiltration Basins, Vegetated Swales, Vegetated Filter Strips, and Dry Extended Detention Basins: The plants listed in this section include native plantings that are suitable for areas that will receive short periods of inundation (e.g. 24 to 72 hours) as well as plants suitable for upland areas. Native Plantings – Trees (Can Handle Short Periods of Inundation) Common Name Scientific Name Western Sycamore Platanus racemosa Freemont Cottonwood Populus fremontii -
EL GÉNERO POLYPOGON (POACEAE: POOIDEAE) EN COLOMBIA1 the Genus Polypogon (Poaceae: Pooideae) in Colombia
NOTAS BREVES Caldasia 26(2) 2004:Giraldo-Cañas 417-422 EL GÉNERO POLYPOGON (POACEAE: POOIDEAE) EN COLOMBIA1 The genus Polypogon (Poaceae: Pooideae) in Colombia DIEGO GIRALDO-CAÑAS Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. [email protected] RESUMEN Se dan a conocer dos novedades para la flora de Colombia: Polypogon monspeliensis y Polypogon viridis. Se presenta una sinopsis del género para Colombia, la que incluye la distribución geográfica, las preferencias ecológicas, los nombres vulgares, los números cromosómicos y las afinidades morfológicas para las cuatro especies presentes en el territorio colombiano, así como una clave para reconocerlas. Palabras clave. Poaceae, Pooideae, Polypogon, Agrostis, gramíneas tropicales, flo- ra de Sudamérica. ABSTRACT As result of recent studies of Colombian grasses, two new records of Polypogon are given: Polypogon monspeliensis and Polypogon viridis. A synopsis of the genus Polypogon for Colombia is provided. The geographical distribution, ecological preferences, vernacular names, chromosomic numbers, and the morphological relationships are presented under each species. A key for the four species of Polypogon in Colombia is given. Key words. Poaceae, Pooideae, Polypogon, Agrostis, Tropical grasses, Flora of South America. INTRODUCCIÓN Polypogon es muy afín y frecuentemente confundido con Agrostis L., del que se diferencia El género Polypogon Desf. es cosmopolita, por sus espiguillas caedizas junto con el principalmente de regiones templadas o pedicelo o fragmento del mismo a la madurez, templado-cálidas, higrófilas, mesófilas, por la lema más ancha, truncada y fuertemente halófilas y aun psamófilas y que en las fotosintética, por la estructura apical de la pálea, regiones tropicales habita generalmente en por el antecio con el callo soldado al artejo áreas montañosas por encima de los 1200 m inferior de la raquilla, no existiendo articulación de altitud. -
Mcgrath State Beach Plants 2/14/2005 7:53 PM Vascular Plants of Mcgrath State Beach, Ventura County, California by David L
Vascular Plants of McGrath State Beach, Ventura County, California By David L. Magney Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Abronia maritima Red Sand-verbena PH Nyctaginaceae Abronia umbellata Beach Sand-verbena PH Nyctaginaceae Allenrolfea occidentalis Iodinebush S Chenopodiaceae Amaranthus albus * Prostrate Pigweed AH Amaranthaceae Amblyopappus pusillus Dwarf Coastweed PH Asteraceae Ambrosia chamissonis Beach-bur S Asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya Western Ragweed PH Asteraceae Amsinckia spectabilis var. spectabilis Seaside Fiddleneck AH Boraginaceae Anagallis arvensis * Scarlet Pimpernel AH Primulaceae Anemopsis californica Yerba Mansa PH Saururaceae Apium graveolens * Wild Celery PH Apiaceae Artemisia biennis Biennial Wormwood BH Asteraceae Artemisia californica California Sagebrush S Asteraceae Artemisia douglasiana Douglas' Sagewort PH Asteraceae Artemisia dracunculus Wormwood PH Asteraceae Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata Big Sagebrush S Asteraceae Arundo donax * Giant Reed PG Poaceae Aster subulatus var. ligulatus Annual Water Aster AH Asteraceae Astragalus pycnostachyus ssp. lanosissimus Ventura Marsh Milkvetch PH Fabaceae Atriplex californica California Saltbush PH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex lentiformis ssp. breweri Big Saltbush S Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula ssp. hastata Arrowleaf Saltbush AH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula Spear Saltbush AH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex semibaccata Australian Saltbush PH Chenopodiaceae Atriplex triangularis Spearscale AH Chenopodiaceae Avena barbata * Slender Oat AG Poaceae Avena fatua * Wild -
Puncturevine Identification and Management Background Information
Puncturevine Identification and Management Background Information History and Impacts Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) is also known as goathead. Puncturevine is native to southern Europe and Asia and is found throughout central Oregon. Its main weedy characteristic, as indicated by its name, are its spiky seedpods that can injure livestock, people, and pets when stepped on and can even puncture bicycle tires. Habitat Puncturevine is commonly found on disturbed sites, roadways, driveways, trails and parking areas, in overgrazed pastures, gardens and waste areas. Good soil moisture and warm temperatures are needed for germination, but after the plant is established it can tolerate dry soils due to its rapidly produced deep taproot. Seeds are primarily dormant in the first season, but may germinate the next spring. Seeds may remain viable in the soil for up to five years. Identification Plant: Puncturevine is a summer annual broadleaf that emerges as early as May and continue growth until frost. Plants generally grows low to the ground forming dense mats 2 to 5 feet in diameter. Leaves: The hairy leaves are opposite each other and divided into four to eight pairs of leaflets that are also opposite each other. Stems: Stems radiate out from a central point at the taproot. Flowers: The yellow flowers produced in the leaf axils have 5 petals and are ½ inch wide. The flowers appear as quickly as 3 weeks after the seedlings emerge and flowering continues throughout the growing season. Seeds: Following quick flowering, seeds are viable 1 to 2 weeks later however they usually stay dormant in the first year. -
Tribulus: Caltrop and Yellow Vine
WWW.INDUSTRY.NSW.GOV.AU primefacts FOR PROFITABLE, ADAPTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PRIMARY INDUSTRIES NOVEMBER 2009 PRIMEFACT 723 REPLACES AGFACT P7.6.59 Tribulus: Caltrop and yellow vine Weed Management Unit regions of NSW provide ideal growing conditions for caltrop. They have adequate summer rainfall, high summer temperatures and sunlight intensity, and fertile soils. Introduction Yellow vine is a native of Australia – it has not been Tribulus weed species are summer growing annuals recorded elsewhere in the world. It was first described that occur throughout mainland Australia and have in 1926. Yellow vine is confined to central and high drought tolerance. northern areas of NSW, and is particularly common Two troublesome species occur in New South on clay soils in the north-west slopes. The success Wales (NSW): an introduced species with a small of yellow vine has been favoured by the same factors yellow flower and spiny fruit, called caltrop (Tribulus listed for caltrop; however yellow vine appears to have terrestris), and a native species with a larger yellow higher requirements for temperature and light intensity. flower and a spineless fruit, called yellow vine Small scattered communities of the Tribulus species (Tribulus micrococcus). T. minutus and T. eichlerianus are also found in Both species are opportunistic weeds of cultivation, western NSW. These species are not considered to waste lands and degraded pastures. be troublesome. Under certain conditions, grazing of Tribulus has been Description associated with nitrate poisoning, photosensitisation Caltrop is a prostrate annual herb with stems and sheep staggers. Spines on caltrop fruit damage spreading out for up to 2 m from a woody taproot. -
Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC -
Polypogon Monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798, CONABIO, Junio 2016 Polypogon Monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798
Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798, CONABIO, Junio 2016 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798 Foto: Philipp Weigell, 2013. Fuente: Wikimedia Polypogon monspeliensis es una hierba anual reportada como invasora en varios países (PIER, 2011), al parecer esta especie es huésped del nematodo Anguina sp . el cual es vector de la bacteria Clavibacter toxicus , productor de la corynetoxina causante de la muerte del ganado conocida como toxicidad de ballica anual (ARGT) (Halvorson & Guertin, 2003; McKay et al., 1993), en Estados Unidos P. monspeliensis ha afectado a Orcuttia inaequidens, Orcurttia pilosa y Tuctoria greenei , especies con categoría de riesgo (CABI, 2014). Información taxonómica Reino: Plantae División: Tracheophyta Clase: Magnoliopsida Orden: Poales Familia: Poaceae Género: Polypogon Especie: Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798 Nombre común: rabo de cordero, rabo de zorra, cola de zorro (Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente, 2009). 1 Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., 1798, CONABIO, Junio 2016 Valor de invasividad: 0.4656 Categoría de riesgo : Alto Descripción de la especie Polypogon monspeliensis es una hierba anual con tallos y hojas envainantes y alternas, lígula membranosa. La Inflorescencia en panícula densa, oblongoidea, sedosa, a veces lobada. Las espiguillas con una flor hermafrodita, pedúnculos articulados en la parte superior, 2 glumas subiguales, mayores que las flores, emarginadas, aristadas, con espículos cónicos en la base. Lemas dentadas, con arista terminal. Con tres estambres (Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente, 2009). se reproduce por semillas que son dispersadas por animales (CABI, 2014; PIER, 2011). Distribución original Originario de Europa, África y Asia. -
Reconstructing the Basal Angiosperm Phylogeny: Evaluating Information Content of Mitochondrial Genes
55 (4) • November 2006: 837–856 Qiu & al. • Basal angiosperm phylogeny Reconstructing the basal angiosperm phylogeny: evaluating information content of mitochondrial genes Yin-Long Qiu1, Libo Li, Tory A. Hendry, Ruiqi Li, David W. Taylor, Michael J. Issa, Alexander J. Ronen, Mona L. Vekaria & Adam M. White 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, U.S.A. [email protected] (author for correspondence). Three mitochondrial (atp1, matR, nad5), four chloroplast (atpB, matK, rbcL, rpoC2), and one nuclear (18S) genes from 162 seed plants, representing all major lineages of gymnosperms and angiosperms, were analyzed together in a supermatrix or in various partitions using likelihood and parsimony methods. The results show that Amborella + Nymphaeales together constitute the first diverging lineage of angiosperms, and that the topology of Amborella alone being sister to all other angiosperms likely represents a local long branch attrac- tion artifact. The monophyly of magnoliids, as well as sister relationships between Magnoliales and Laurales, and between Canellales and Piperales, are all strongly supported. The sister relationship to eudicots of Ceratophyllum is not strongly supported by this study; instead a placement of the genus with Chloranthaceae receives moderate support in the mitochondrial gene analyses. Relationships among magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots remain unresolved. Direct comparisons of analytic results from several data partitions with or without RNA editing sites show that in multigene analyses, RNA editing has no effect on well supported rela- tionships, but minor effect on weakly supported ones. Finally, comparisons of results from separate analyses of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes demonstrate that mitochondrial genes, with overall slower rates of sub- stitution than chloroplast genes, are informative phylogenetic markers, and are particularly suitable for resolv- ing deep relationships. -
Phreatophytes
Phreatophytes By T. W. ROBINSON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1423 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1958 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 40 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................ 2 Acknowledgments ......................................... 2 Use of ground water by phreatophytes ..................... 3 Evidence ............................................... 3 Effect .................................................. 3 Future considerations ..................................... 7 Definitions ................................................. 9 The hydrologic cycle ........................................ 10 Plants classified as phreatophytes ............................ 12 Scientific and common names .............................. 13 Factors affecting occurrence of phreatophytes ................ 13 Climate .................................................. 14 Depth to water ........................................... 14 Quality of ground water .................................. 15 Factors affecting the use of ground water by phreatophytes...... 16 Climatic conditions ....................................... 17 Depth to water ........................................... 22 Density of growth .......................................