Puncturevine (Tribulus Terrestris)

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Puncturevine O & T Guide W-13 Frank Sholedice, Research Associate & Mark Renz, Extension Weed Scientist Cooperative Extension Service z College of Agriculture and Home Economics z October 2006 Puncturevine, Tribulus terrestris, is a oblong in shape, about 0.2-0.6 in. long, prostrate summer annual with many green to dark green in color with smooth creeping or spreading stems, yellow edges, sometimes with long hairs or flowers with five petals, and woody seed bristles on the leaf or leaf edge. pods covered with spinney burs. The burs are very sharp and pose a threat to people, animals, pets, and some tires. The plant’s foliage is toxic to livestock when ingested; sheep are especially vulnerable because they can tolerate and will often eat the plant. Puncturevine is also known as goathead, bullhead, caltrop, Mexican sandbur, and tackweed. The stems originate from a taproot and can grow to about 3 ft. long with much branching. Stems are green to red or brown in color, often with long hairs, and grow horizontally along the ground. The flowers grow singly at leaf axils and are 0.2-0.6 in. in diameter, bright yellow, with five petals. Woody seed pods also develop singly at leaf axils and are 0.2-0.4 in. in diameter, green to brown in color, The plant’s leaves consist of 3-7 pairs of often hairy, with many sharp burs each opposite leaflets that grow along a 0.10-0.25 in. long. The plant grows from common midvein; each leaflet is oval or a semi-woody taproot and reproduces by seed only. O & T Guide W-13 – page 2 Management ▪ Physical removal is effective if performed before seed production ▪ Establishing competitive vegetation can help control infestations ▪ Herbicides are effective ▪ The stem weevil (Microlarinus lypriformis) and seed weevil (M. lareynii) are effective biological controls New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educator. NMSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. October 2006 Las Cruces, NM .

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