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Baylisascariasis
Baylisascariasis Importance Baylisascaris procyonis, an intestinal nematode of raccoons, can cause severe neurological and ocular signs when its larvae migrate in humans, other mammals and birds. Although clinical cases seem to be rare in people, most reported cases have been Last Updated: December 2013 serious and difficult to treat. Severe disease has also been reported in other mammals and birds. Other species of Baylisascaris, particularly B. melis of European badgers and B. columnaris of skunks, can also cause neural and ocular larva migrans in animals, and are potential human pathogens. Etiology Baylisascariasis is caused by intestinal nematodes (family Ascarididae) in the genus Baylisascaris. The three most pathogenic species are Baylisascaris procyonis, B. melis and B. columnaris. The larvae of these three species can cause extensive damage in intermediate/paratenic hosts: they migrate extensively, continue to grow considerably within these hosts, and sometimes invade the CNS or the eye. Their larvae are very similar in appearance, which can make it very difficult to identify the causative agent in some clinical cases. Other species of Baylisascaris including B. transfuga, B. devos, B. schroeder and B. tasmaniensis may also cause larva migrans. In general, the latter organisms are smaller and tend to invade the muscles, intestines and mesentery; however, B. transfuga has been shown to cause ocular and neural larva migrans in some animals. Species Affected Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are usually the definitive hosts for B. procyonis. Other species known to serve as definitive hosts include dogs (which can be both definitive and intermediate hosts) and kinkajous. Coatimundis and ringtails, which are closely related to kinkajous, might also be able to harbor B. -
Integrating Black Bear Behavior, Spatial Ecology, and Population Dynamics in a Human-Dominated Landscape: Implications for Management
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2017 Integrating Black Bear Behavior, Spatial Ecology, and Population Dynamics in a Human-Dominated Landscape: Implications for Management Jarod D. Raithel Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Raithel, Jarod D., "Integrating Black Bear Behavior, Spatial Ecology, and Population Dynamics in a Human- Dominated Landscape: Implications for Management" (2017). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 6633. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6633 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTEGRATING BLACK BEAR BEHAVIOR, SPATIAL ECOLOGY, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS IN A HUMAN-DOMINATED LANDSCAPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT by Jarod D. Raithel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology Approved: _______________________ _______________________ Lise M. Aubry, Ph.D. Melissa J. Reynolds-Hogland, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member _______________________ _______________________ David N. Koons, Ph.D. Eric M. Gese, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member _______________________ _______________________ Joseph M. Wheaton, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2017 ii Copyright Jarod Raithel 2017 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Integrating Black Bear Behavior, Spatial Ecology, and Population Dynamics in a Human-Dominated Landscape: Implications for Management by Jarod D. -
Bison Literature Review Biology
Bison Literature Review Ben Baldwin and Kody Menghini The purpose of this document is to compare the biology, ecology and basic behavior of cattle and bison for a management context. The literature related to bison is extensive and broad in scope covering the full continuum of domestication. The information incorporated in this review is focused on bison in more or less “wild” or free-ranging situations i.e.., not bison in close confinement or commercial production. While the scientific literature provides a solid basis for much of the basic biology and ecology, there is a wealth of information related to management implications and guidelines that is not captured. Much of the current information related to bison management, behavior (especially social organization) and practical knowledge is available through local experts, current research that has yet to be published, or popular literature. These sources, while harder to find and usually more localized in scope, provide crucial information pertaining to bison management. Biology Diet Composition Bison evolutional history provides the basis for many of the differences between bison and cattle. Bison due to their evolution in North America ecosystems are better adapted than introduced cattle, especially in grass dominated systems such as prairies. Many of these areas historically had relatively low quality forage. Bison are capable of more efficient digestion of low-quality forage then cattle (Peden et al. 1973; Plumb and Dodd 1993). Peden et al. (1973) also found that bison could consume greater quantities of low protein and poor quality forage then cattle. Bison and cattle have significant dietary overlap, but there are slight differences as well. -
Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUFFALO HUNT: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE VIRTUAL EXTINCTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BISON M. Scott Taylor Working Paper 12969 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12969 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2007 I am grateful to seminar participants at the University of British Columbia, the University of Calgary, the Environmental Economics workshop at the NBER Summer Institute 2006, the fall 2006 meetings of the NBER ITI group, and participants at the SURED II conference in Ascona Switzerland. Thanks also to Chris Auld, Ed Barbier, John Boyce, Ann Carlos, Charlie Kolstad, Herb Emery, Mukesh Eswaran, Francisco Gonzalez, Keith Head, Frank Lewis, Mike McKee, and Sjak Smulders for comments; to Michael Ferrantino for access to the International Trade Commission's library; and to Margarita Gres, Amanda McKee, Jeffrey Swartz, Judy Hasse of Buffalo Horn Ranch and Andy Strangeman of Investra Ltd. for research assistance. Funding for this research was provided by the SSHRC. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by M. Scott Taylor. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison M. Scott Taylor NBER Working Paper No. 12969 March 2007 JEL No. F1,Q2,Q5,Q56 ABSTRACT In the 16th century, North America contained 25-30 million buffalo; by the late 19th century less than 100 remained. -
Ecology of the European Badger (Meles Meles) in the Western Carpathian Mountains: a Review
Wildl. Biol. Pract., 2016 Aug 12(3): 36-50 doi:10.2461/wbp.2016.eb.4 REVIEW Ecology of the European Badger (Meles meles) in the Western Carpathian Mountains: A Review R.W. Mysłajek1,*, S. Nowak2, A. Rożen3, K. Kurek2, M. Figura2 & B. Jędrzejewska4 1 Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland. 2 Association for Nature “Wolf”, Twardorzeczka 229, 34-324 Lipowa, Poland. 3 Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. 4 Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland. * Corresponding author email: [email protected]. Keywords Abstract Altitudinal Gradient; This article summarizes the results of studies on the ecology of the European Diet Composition; badger (Meles meles) conducted in the Western Carpathians (S Poland) Meles meles; from 2002 to 2010. Badgers inhabiting the Carpathians use excavated setts Mustelidae; (53%), caves and rock crevices (43%), and burrows under human-made Sett Utilization; constructions (4%) as permanent shelters. Excavated setts are located up Spatial Organization. to 640 m a.s.l., but shelters in caves and crevices can be found as high as 1,050 m a.s.l. Badger setts are mostly located on slopes with southern, eastern or western exposure. Within their territories, ranging from 3.35 to 8.45 km2 (MCP100%), badgers may possess 1-12 setts. Family groups are small (mean = 2.3 badgers), population density is low (2.2 badgers/10 km2), as is reproduction (0.57 young/year/10 km2). Hunting by humans is the main mortality factor (0.37 badger/year/10 km2). -
The Friday Edition September 29 2017 Home Advantage
PROPERTYINSIDE: 34-PAGESPECIAL HOME ADVANTAGE THE FRIDAY EDITION SEPTEMBER 29 2017 FE80_Cover_PRESS.indd 1 11/09/2017 16:53 THE SHARPENER alpaca punch Strong yet soft, smart yet relaxed – it’s no wonder alpaca is leading the pack this season, says Tom Stubbs fabric that’s extra light, versatile, strong yet utterly luxurious: it sounds like a menswear designer’s fantasy. But alpaca has, of course, been around for ages – it’s just that its superlative qualities have not beenA fully appreciated until this season. The springy, ultra-soft fibres from the underbellies and necks of a species of camelid living in the Andes make for some very special fabrics. When woven, alpaca takes on various textures, from soft and voluminous to coarse and cropped. And as lightweight fabrications and distinctive textures become defining characteristics of contemporary men’s style, it’s not surprising that alpaca is now being shepherded into a lead role. Brunello Cucinelli, who built his empire on cashmere, has also put alpaca to work beautifully in his signature unstructured tailored outerwear, such as a glen-check short coat (£3,760) and roomy one-and-a-half breasted camel- (£1,390) and bomber jackets (£1,060, colour coat (£3,890). Likewise at Canali, pictured below) in wool/alpaca/mohair/ where deconstructed drapey overcoats silk bouclé take inspiration from 1960s silhouettes, as does a single-breasted overcoat (£1,470) in a wool/alpaca blend. They pass muster at smart occasions, yet their subtle texture and soft construction mean they also work as weekend throw- ons. The highlight at Chester Barrie is a Change coat (£2,950, pictured below right), its navy cashmere contrasting Alpaca is ideal cable-knit turtleneck (£395) have with a lush black alpaca lapel (made by for upgrading a 1940s quality about them. -
Eradication of Stoats (Mustela Erminea) from Secretary Island, New Zealand
McMurtrie, P.; K-A. Edge, D. Crouchley, D. Gleeson, M.J. Willans, and A.J. Veale. Eradication of stoats (Mustela erminea) from Secretary Island, New Zealand Eradication of stoats (Mustela erminea) from Secretary Island, New Zealand P. McMurtrie1, K-A. Edge1, D. Crouchley1, D. Gleeson2, M. J. Willans3, and A. J. Veale4 1Department of Conservation, Te Anau Area Office, PO Box 29, Lakefront Drive, Te Anau 0640, New Zealand. <[email protected]>. 2Landcare Research, PB 92170, Auckland, NZ. 3The Wilderness, RD Te Anau-Mossburn Highway, Te Anau, NZ. 4School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, NZ. Abstract Stoats (Mustelia erminea) are known to be good swimmers. Following their liberation into New Zealand, stoats reached many of the remote coastal islands of Fiordland after six years. Stoats probably reached Secretary Island (8140 ha) in the late 1800s. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) are the only other mammalian pest present on Secretary Island; surprisingly, rodents have never established. The significant ecological values of Secretary Island have made it an ideal target for restoration. The eradication of stoats from Secretary Island commenced in 2005. Nine-hundred-and-forty-five stoat trap tunnels, each containing two kill traps, were laid out along tracks at a density of 1 tunnel per 8.6 ha. Traps were also put in place on the adjacent mainland and stepping-stone islands to reduce the probability of recolonisation. Pre-baiting was undertaken twice, first in June and then in early July 2005. In late July, the traps were baited, set and cleared twice over 10 days. -
Bison, Water Buffalo, &
February 2021 - cdfa' Bison, Water Buffalo, & Yak (or Crossbreeds) Entry Requirements ~ EPAlTMENT OF CALI FORNI \1c U LTU RE FOOD & AC Interstate Livestock Entry Permit California requires an Interstate Livestock Entry Permit for all bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks. To obtain an Interstate Livestock Entry Permit, please call the CDFA Animal Health Branch (AHB) permit line at (916) 900-5052. Permits are valid for 15 days after being issued. Certificate of Veterinary Inspection California requires a Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) for bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks within 30 days before movement into the state. Official Identification (ID) Bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks of any age and sex require official identification. Brucellosis Brucellosis vaccination is not required for bison, ------1Animal Health Branch Permit Line: water buffalo, and/or yaks to enter California. (916) 900-5052 A negative brucellosis test within 30 days prior to entry is required for all bison, water buffalo, and/ If you are transporting livestock into California or yaks 6 months of age and over with the with an electronic CVI, please print and present following exceptions: a hard copy to the Inspector at the Border • Steers or identified spayed heifers, and Protection Station. • Any Bovidae from a Certified Free Herd with the herd number and date of current Animal Health and Food Safety Services test recorded on the CVI. Animal Health Branch Headquarters - (916) 900-5002 Tuberculosis (TB) Redding District - (530) 225-2140 Modesto District - (209) 491-9350 A negative TB test is Tulare District - (559) 685-3500 required for all bison, Ontario District - (909) 947-4462 water buffalo, and/or yaks 6 months of age and over within For California entry requirements of other live- www.cdfa.ca.gov stock and animals, please visit the following: 60 days prior to Information About Livestock and Pet Movement movement. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
Why Game Meats?
Mount Royal USA Product Guide 713-862-1800 Why Game Meats? Venison and other farm raised game meats are fast becoming a popular option for chefs seeking healthy, convenient, and versatile flavors. Game meats are low in fat/cholesterol and high in proteins. All animals are grazed on pastures and fed supplemental feed which contains no steroids, antibiotics, or hormones. The products therefore are 100% natural. Venison The gamey flavor often associated with venison (and other game meats) is not noticeable in farm raised products. The reason for this is quite simple. Wild animals rely on berries or whatever they can find for food and then are stressed or “hunted” before killing. The diet of the animals and the adrenaline which gets pumped into their system before being killed affects the taste of the meat. An animal which has been fed a specific diet and is killed under different conditions will naturally have a slightly different taste which results in a less “gamey” type of flavor. Venison from Mount Royal is farm raised in New Zealand on lush pastures and exported under the Cervena label to insure maximum tenderness and consistency in processing. VENISON PRODUCTS NAME Venison Racks GB7065 Denver leg GB7075 Striploin GB7880 Boneless GB7415 Shoulder Stew GB7440 Venison Ground GB7085 Elk Racks GB7090 Tenderloin GB7080 Venison Flank GB7420 Bone In Saddle GB7435 Ven trim GB7455 Elk trim GB7475 Osso Bucco GB7445 Elk Striploin GB7095 Elk Ground GB7476 Venison Bones GB7460 Ostrich Ostrich is similar in taste to beef and with a texture similar to venison. Protein content is also like beef, but the meat has less cholesterol, less fat and fewer calories than beef, chicken, or turkey. -
Download Download
Biodiversity Observations http://bo.adu.org.za An electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town The scope of Biodiversity Observations consists of papers describing observations about biodiversity in general, including animals, plants, algae and fungi. This includes observations of behaviour, breeding and flowering patterns, distributions and range extensions, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and colouration/plumage variations. Biotic interactions such as pollination, fruit dispersal, herbivory and predation fall within the scope, as well as the use of indigenous and exotic species by humans. Observations of naturalised plants and animals will also be considered. Biodiversity Observations will also publish a variety of other interesting or relevant biodiversity material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist bibliographies, book reviews and any other appropriate material. Further details and guidelines to authors are on this website. Paper Editor: Les G. Underhill OVERVIEW OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE WEAVERS H. Dieter Oschadleus Recommended citation format: Oschadleus HD 2016. Overview of the discovery of the weavers. Biodiversity Observations 7. 92: 1–15. URL: http://bo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=285 Published online: 13 December 2016 – ISSN 2219-0341 – Biodiversity Observations 7.92: 1–15 1 TAXONOMY Currently, 117 living species of weavers in the Ploceidae family are recognised. Hoyo et al. OVERVIEW OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE WEAVERS (2010) listed 116 species but Safford & Hawkins (2013) split the Aldabra Fody Foudia H. Dieter Oschadleus aldabrana from the Red- headed Fody Foudia Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, eminentissima. Dickinson & University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa Christidis (2014) also listed 117 species. -
Good for the Planet,Good For
BISON Good for the Planet, Good for Yo u 2017 Bison Food Booklet -New Bison Recipes -How to Cook Bison -Nutritional Information BISON Good for the Planet, Good for Yo u By Marilyn Bay Drake ative American Plains Indians saw the bison as the sus- tainer of life. Bison was the primary and preferred meat BISON Nof these tribes. Th eir lives were centered around the bi- BISON has son. Th e Plains Indians packed up their homes (tipis) and moved % 32.6% less fat 32 BISON has 26 % more iron than beef when the bison herds moved, since they depended on bison for most than chicken everything they needed to live. Th ey ate the meat fresh and preserved it by drying. Bison hides BISON has BISON Beef Chicken were cured and fashioned into clothing and tipis. Bison teeth were 87% 87% less fat used to make jewelry. Bones became bowls, eating utensils, work than beef Fat 2.42 18.54 7.41 tools, children’s toys, clothing fasteners, fi sh hooks and knife han- (g) dles. Hooves were boiled to extract glue. Tendons and muscles were BISON has Protein % made into arrow ties, bowstrings and cinches. Fat was used for cook- 766 (g) 28.44 27.21 28.93 ing tallow, tanning hides and to make soap. Th e bladder was used for more vitamin B-12 food pouches and to carry water on journeys. Th e list goes on. It is than chicken Calories not hyperbole to say the bison was everything to the Plains Indians. (kcal) 143 283 190 BISON has Today’s bison ranchers and the industries that process bison % Cholesterol meat are endeavoring to use every part of the bison they process.