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Buffaloed: the Myth and Reality of Bison in America by Larry Schweikart
History DECEMBER 2002 Buffaloed: The Myth and Reality of Bison in America by Larry Schweikart lmost every schoolchild is taught that the free market. Here, I will briefly review prior to the arrival of whites, Plains the findings insofar as they throw new light Indians lived in perfect harmony with on the economics of the Indians both before A nature as the ultimate socialist ecolo- and after the arrival of whites. I will look gists. According to the common tale, Indians then at their assessment of the hunting effi- had little private property—and certainly ciency of both Indians and whites. Finally, were not burdened by capitalism—and they we will examine how private market forces, hunted and killed only what they needed to not government action, revived the buffalo live. Then Europeans arrived, and using the herds. techniques of industrialized hunting, nearly exterminated the North American bison, Myth of the Ecological Indian also known as the buffalo. In the late 1800s, white hunters, such as William Frederick It is doubtful any of the authors intended “Buffalo Bill” Cody, slaughtered the animals their research to have political overtones per to meet market demand until the bison were se. Dan Flores, a professor of history at nearly gone. Then, at just the right moment, Texas Tech University before moving to the government stepped in to save the buffalo by University of Montana at Missoula; Shepard sealing them off at Yellowstone National Krech III, an anthropology professor at Park. Brown University; and Andrew C. Isenberg, It’s a convenient and easily told story, but a professor of history at Princeton, all have it has left students, well, buffaloed. -
Bison Literature Review Biology
Bison Literature Review Ben Baldwin and Kody Menghini The purpose of this document is to compare the biology, ecology and basic behavior of cattle and bison for a management context. The literature related to bison is extensive and broad in scope covering the full continuum of domestication. The information incorporated in this review is focused on bison in more or less “wild” or free-ranging situations i.e.., not bison in close confinement or commercial production. While the scientific literature provides a solid basis for much of the basic biology and ecology, there is a wealth of information related to management implications and guidelines that is not captured. Much of the current information related to bison management, behavior (especially social organization) and practical knowledge is available through local experts, current research that has yet to be published, or popular literature. These sources, while harder to find and usually more localized in scope, provide crucial information pertaining to bison management. Biology Diet Composition Bison evolutional history provides the basis for many of the differences between bison and cattle. Bison due to their evolution in North America ecosystems are better adapted than introduced cattle, especially in grass dominated systems such as prairies. Many of these areas historically had relatively low quality forage. Bison are capable of more efficient digestion of low-quality forage then cattle (Peden et al. 1973; Plumb and Dodd 1993). Peden et al. (1973) also found that bison could consume greater quantities of low protein and poor quality forage then cattle. Bison and cattle have significant dietary overlap, but there are slight differences as well. -
Effects of Lactic Acid on Quality of Buffalo Offals
Internet Journal of Food Safety, Vol.9, 2007, p. 29-36 Copyright© 2007, Food Safety Information Publishing Effects of Lactic Acid on Quality of Buffalo Offals P. Selvan 1* , S.K. Mendiratta 1, K.Porteen 2 and K.N. Bhilegaonkar 2 1Division of Livestock Products Technology, 2Division of Veterinary Public Health, IVRI, Izat nagar, Bareilly, UP, India A study was carried out to determine the influence of different concentration and contact time combinations of lactic acid solutions on microbial, sensory and physico-chemical characteristics of buffalo offals viz., head meat, heart, liver and rumen. The following concentration and contact time combinations were used: 1% lactic acid for 20 sec, 1.5% lactic acid for 15 sec and 2% lactic acid for 10 sec. A total of 80 buffalo offal samples (20 numbers of each kind) were collected from a buffalo offal market and subjected to immersion treatments. Water washed offal pieces were used as controls. Sensory evaluations were conducted using a sensory panel comprising postgraduate students and scientists of Livestock Products Technology division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (India). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean log 10 reductions (CFU/g) achieved, based on the different treatments and kinds of buffalo offal were between 0.22 and 1.05 for total viable counts; 0.22 and 1.19 for coliforms counts and 0.25 and 0.98 for staphylococcal counts. Immersion in 2% lactic acid solution for 10 sec gave the best overall reduction effect. Sensory evaluations recorded minimal effects of treatments on buffalo offals. -
The Effect of Buffalo Meat on Composition, Instrumental and Sensory Characteristics of Traditional Greek Sausages
Journal of Food Research; Vol. 4, No. 3; 2015 ISSN 1927-0887 E-ISSN 1927-0895 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Effect of Buffalo Meat on Composition, Instrumental and Sensory Characteristics of Traditional Greek Sausages D. Petridis1, A. Zotos1, B. Skapetas2 & V. A. Bampidis2 1 Department of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece Correspondence: D. Petridis, Department of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece. Tel: 30-231-001-3917; Fax: 30-231-079-1375. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 1, 2014 Accepted: February 10, 2015 Online Published: February 11, 2015 doi:10.5539/jfr.v4n3p26 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n3p26 Abstract Five (5) mixtures of buffalo/pork meat (70/0, 52.5/17.5, 35/35, 17.5/52.5 and 0/70), maintaining stable the amount of pork backfat, were prepared and analyzed for their chemical composition, fatty acids profile, instrumental parameters and sensory attributes. The results of the study showed that the addition of buffalo meat produced sausages with higher protein and less fat content. A slight decrease in ω6/ω3 ratio was observed and an increase in CLA fatty acids. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the lower fat content in the sausages the higher the levels of CLA18:10trans 12cis and CLA18:9cis 11trans, whereas, SFA is abundant at the highest fat levels. -
Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUFFALO HUNT: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE VIRTUAL EXTINCTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BISON M. Scott Taylor Working Paper 12969 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12969 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2007 I am grateful to seminar participants at the University of British Columbia, the University of Calgary, the Environmental Economics workshop at the NBER Summer Institute 2006, the fall 2006 meetings of the NBER ITI group, and participants at the SURED II conference in Ascona Switzerland. Thanks also to Chris Auld, Ed Barbier, John Boyce, Ann Carlos, Charlie Kolstad, Herb Emery, Mukesh Eswaran, Francisco Gonzalez, Keith Head, Frank Lewis, Mike McKee, and Sjak Smulders for comments; to Michael Ferrantino for access to the International Trade Commission's library; and to Margarita Gres, Amanda McKee, Jeffrey Swartz, Judy Hasse of Buffalo Horn Ranch and Andy Strangeman of Investra Ltd. for research assistance. Funding for this research was provided by the SSHRC. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by M. Scott Taylor. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison M. Scott Taylor NBER Working Paper No. 12969 March 2007 JEL No. F1,Q2,Q5,Q56 ABSTRACT In the 16th century, North America contained 25-30 million buffalo; by the late 19th century less than 100 remained. -
Why Game Meats?
Mount Royal USA Product Guide 713-862-1800 Why Game Meats? Venison and other farm raised game meats are fast becoming a popular option for chefs seeking healthy, convenient, and versatile flavors. Game meats are low in fat/cholesterol and high in proteins. All animals are grazed on pastures and fed supplemental feed which contains no steroids, antibiotics, or hormones. The products therefore are 100% natural. Venison The gamey flavor often associated with venison (and other game meats) is not noticeable in farm raised products. The reason for this is quite simple. Wild animals rely on berries or whatever they can find for food and then are stressed or “hunted” before killing. The diet of the animals and the adrenaline which gets pumped into their system before being killed affects the taste of the meat. An animal which has been fed a specific diet and is killed under different conditions will naturally have a slightly different taste which results in a less “gamey” type of flavor. Venison from Mount Royal is farm raised in New Zealand on lush pastures and exported under the Cervena label to insure maximum tenderness and consistency in processing. VENISON PRODUCTS NAME Venison Racks GB7065 Denver leg GB7075 Striploin GB7880 Boneless GB7415 Shoulder Stew GB7440 Venison Ground GB7085 Elk Racks GB7090 Tenderloin GB7080 Venison Flank GB7420 Bone In Saddle GB7435 Ven trim GB7455 Elk trim GB7475 Osso Bucco GB7445 Elk Striploin GB7095 Elk Ground GB7476 Venison Bones GB7460 Ostrich Ostrich is similar in taste to beef and with a texture similar to venison. Protein content is also like beef, but the meat has less cholesterol, less fat and fewer calories than beef, chicken, or turkey. -
Specialty Foods Catalog
SPECIALTY FOODS CATALOG 1 Prices Subject to Change at Any Time Table of Contents 406 Market Place is pleased to be able to provide Specialty Food items to meet the ever-changing demands of your customers and to bring new and exciting products to your kitchen and menu. From Alligator to Zabutons we can source it for you. All Specialty items are special order, Monday – Tuesday for Delivery by Thursday – Saturday. Allow at least 4 days turn around. BISON …………………………………………………………………Page 3 ELK/VENISON……………………………………………………….Page 4 WILD BOAR…………………………………………………………..Page 5 POULTRY……………………………………………………………..Page 6 SALAMI ….……………………………………………………………Page 7 SAUSAGES …………………………………………………………..Page 8 PRODUCE……………………………………………………………..Page 9 RETAIL…………………………………………………………………Page 10 Abbreviations and Meanings: (1-2, 10#) = Product Weight Range, Case Size Red Price = Sale Item 2 Prices Subject to Change at Any Time Bison - North American Free Range, USDA Inspected and Humanely Raised. A healthy option, low-cholesterol, sweet to the taste sure to enhance any menu. Custom cuts available upon request. North American Bison – Primals (Primal Weight, Case Weight) Ribeye Boneless (8-10#, 30#) $21 0024246 Tenderloin Cow (5-6#, 16#) $25 0024269 Chuck (18-20#, 40#) $14 0024209 New York Strip Loin (5-6#, 18#) $20 0024232 Flank Steak (35#) $14 0024219 Short Ribs B/I (8pc/4pk 30#) $9 0024254 North American Bison - Portion Cuts Tomahawk Rib Chop 20-28oz/14 piece $28 0024148 Porterhouse Steak (16oz, 10#) $27 0024046 NY Strip Loin (8,10, 12oz, 10#) $26 0024030 Top Sirloin Steak (8,10, 12oz, 10#) $26 0024071 Osso Bucco 1” (20#) $14 0024032 Stew Meat Diced (2/5#) $13 0024059 3 Prices Subject to Change at Any Time Elk & Venison – Sourced from New Zealand farm raised and sustainable. -
Taming the Wild Aurochs
Oklahoma Ag in the Classroom Taming the Wild Aurochs Objective Students will read about and research the domestication of animals. Students will create a timeline of the domestication of animals. Oklahoma Academic Background All domesticated animals have their origins in wild ancestors, Standards but it takes hundreds of years for an animal species to be completely GRADE 6 domesticated. Humans had already been domesticating animals for Speaking and Listening: R.1,2,3; thousands of years before anyone began recording history. The first W.1,2. Reading and Writing domesticated animals were probably raised as pets, for sports, or Process: R.1,2,3. Critical Reading for religious purposes. Archaeologists believe people did not begin and Writing: R.6. Research: to domesticate animals until they had settled into communities and R.1,2,3; W.1,2,3,4 established reliable food supplies through farming or fishing. Life Science: 2-1,2 The dog was the first animal to be domesticated, probably 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Sheep and goats came next, around 7,000 BC, in the GRADE 7 Middle East and Central Asia. Cattle were domesticated in South Asia, the Speaking and Listening: R.1,2,3; Middle East and Europe by 4,000 BC. Pigs were domesticated at about the W.1,2. Reading and Writing same time. Present-day cattle derive from the wild aurochs (or-oks), a huge Process: R.1,2,3. Critical Reading beast which sometimes stood five feet at the withers, had horns three feet and Writing: R.6. Research: long and weighed a ton. -
FOOD, CLOTHING, SHELTER Food
COLORADO INDIANS – FOOD, CLOTHING, SHELTER Food What do these photos tell you about the food that these people ate? American Bison (Buffalo) This is a bison or American buffalo. Millions of bison once lived on the Great Plains of North America. In the 1800s, they were the largest animal native to North America. An average buffalo cow provided about 400 pounds of meat. That was enough meat to feed one person for at least 200 days. Buffalo Photo: Colorado Historical Society More About This Topic The bison lived on the blue grama and buffalo grass that grew on the plains. During the summer, when there was a lot of grass, the buffalo grazed in large herds. Some herds had several thousand animals. That was the best hunting season for the Plains Indians. The bison broke up into smaller herds during the winter, when there was less grass to eat. Their Own Words "From the top of Pawnee Rock, I could see from six to ten miles in almost every direction. The whole mass was covered with buffalo, looking at a distance like one compact mass....I have seen such sights a number of times, but never on so large a scale." Source: Colonel Richard Irving Dodge, May 1871, quoted in Donald Berthrong, The Southern Cheyenne (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963, p. 31. Drying Buffalo Meat The pole in this photo holds strips of bison or buffalo meat that are drying in the sun. Removing the moisture kept the meat from spoiling. Dried meat could be kept for several months. -
Slaughter and Killing of Minority Farmed Species
Charity Registered in England & Wales No 1159690 Charitable Incorporated Organisation Technical Note No 25 Slaughter and Killing of Minority Farmed Species Summary The last twenty years or so have seen many big changes in British agriculture. The livestock sector in particular has had to change radically to adapt to new legislation, stricter production standards set by the customer and changes to the subsidy system. Some livestock farmers have diversified into the rearing of species not indigenous to the UK: these include the Asian water buffalo, North American bison, ostrich, camelids and species that lived here in ancient times, such as wild boar. As with domestic livestock, these animals are bred and reared for various reasons, the main ones being milk, meat and wool or fibre production. When slaughtering or killing these animals, it is highly likely that the slaughterman and/or veterinary surgeon will be presented with a number of challenges not normally experienced with domesticated livestock. It is essential that careful planning and preparation takes place before any attempt is made to slaughter or kill these animals. Humane Slaughter Association The Old School. Brewhouse Hill Wheathampstead. Herts AL4 8AN, UK t 01582 831919 f: 01582 831414 e: [email protected] w: www.hsa.org.uk Registered in England Charity No 1159690 Charitable Incorporated Organisation www.hsa.org.uk What are the minority farmed species in the UK? For the purposes of this leaflet, they are deer, ostrich, wild boar, water buffalo, bison and camelids (alpaca and llama). These all present meat hygiene and slaughter staff with new challenges due to physical and behavioural differences compared to traditional domestic livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses). -
Play Behavior and Dominance Relationships of Bighorn Sheep on the National Bison Range
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1986 Play behavior and dominance relationships of bighorn sheep on the National Bison Range Christine C. Hass The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hass, Christine C., "Play behavior and dominance relationships of bighorn sheep on the National Bison Range" (1986). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 7375. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7375 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 This is an unpublished m a n u s c r i p t in w h i c h c o p y r i g h t s u b s i s t s . Any further r e p r i n t i n g of its c o n t e n t s m ust be a p p r o v e d BY THE AUTHOR. MANSFIELD L ibrary Un i v e r s i t y of McwTANA Date : 1 98ft. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
The Influence of the Types of Smoke Powder and Storage Duration on Sensory Quality of Balinese Beef and Buffalo Meatballs E
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering Vol:9, No:12, 2015 The Influence of the Types of Smoke Powder and Storage Duration on Sensory Quality of Balinese Beef and Buffalo Meatballs E. Abustam, M. I. Said, M. Yusuf, H. M. Ali process resulted from the formation of acidic conditions Abstract—This study aims to examine the sensory quality of within the flesh, and as a result of changes of muscle glycogen meatballs made from Balinese beef and buffalo meat after the into lactic acid [2]. To improve the water-binding ability of addition of smoke powder prior to storage at the temperatures of 2- meat (water holding capacity), the addition of additional non- 5°C for 7 days. This study used meat from Longissimus dorsi muscle meat materials can be applied, e.g. phosphate [3]-[5], salt of male Balinese cattle aged 3 years and of male buffalo aged 5 years as the main raw materials, and smoke powder as a binder and (NaCl) [5] and liquid smoke [6]. preservative in making meatballs. The study was based on completely The addition of smoke powder into the post-rigor meat is randomized design (CRD) of factorial pattern of 2 x 3 x 2 where expected to be able to maintain or improve the functional factors 1, 2 and 3 included the types of meat (cattle and buffalo), properties of the same meat as in the addition in liquid form. types of smoke powder (oven dried, freeze dried and spray dried) Therefore, the issue of time limitation in processing pre-rigor with a level of 2% of the weight of the meat (w/w), and storage meat can be solved.