Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency

Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware and Susquehanna Basins,

Open-File Report 2009–1063

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Bridge (background image): Riverside Drive bridge, Binghamton, NY, on June 28, 2006. Photo courtesy of Jim DeVona.

Mohawk River basin: Fonda Speedway near Fonda, NY, on June 28, 2006. Photo courtesy of Ryan Peterson and Valley View Aviation

Delaware River basin: Narrowsburg, NY, inundated by the floodwaters of the Delaware River on June 28, 2006. Photo courtesy of the Times Herald-Record, taken by staff photographer Jeff Goulding.

Susquehanna River basin: Oneonta, NY, municipal complex and wastewater treatment plant taken from Army National Guard helicop- ter on June 29, 2006. Photo courtesy of The Daily Star, taken by photographer Anita Briggs. Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Basins, New York

By Thomas P. Suro, Gary D. Firda, and Carolyn O. Szabo

Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency

Open-File Report 2009–1063

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009

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Suggested citation: Suro, T.P., Firda, G.D. and Szabo, C.O. 2009, Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1063, 354p. Available online at http://pubs.usgs. gov/ofr/2009/1063 iii

Contents

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Storm of June 26–29, 2006...... 2 Antecedent Conditions...... 2 Precipitation...... 2 Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency...... 12 Basin...... 15 Delaware River Basin...... 32 Susquehanna River Basin...... 36 Effects of Reservoirs on Flooding...... 47 Mohawk River Basin...... 47 Delaware River Basin...... 47 Susquehanna River Basin...... 52 Comparison of the 2006 Flood to Historic Floods ...... 53 Mohawk River Basin...... 53 Delaware River Basin...... 53 Susquehanna River Basin...... 59 Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites...... 59 Flood Damage...... 90 Summary...... 91 Acknowledgements...... 91 Selected References...... 94 Appendix 1. Site Descriptions and High-Water Marks at Study Sites, Flood of June 26–29, 2006, in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York...... 99 Appendix 2. Comparison of High-Water Marks and Photographs at Selected Study Sites, Floods of September 18–19, 2004, and June 26–29, 2006, Delaware River Basin, New York...... 323 Appendix 3. Selected Photographs of Flood Damage During the Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York...... 331

Figures

1A. Map showing cumulative 4-day rainfall for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, and pertinent geographic features of New York...... 3 1B. Map showing daily rainfall totals for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, and pertinent geographic features of New York...... 4 1C. Map showing total rainfall in the Mohawk River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006...... 5 1D. Map showing total rainfall in the Delaware River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006...... 6 1E. Map showing total rainfall in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006...... 7 iv

2A. Graph showing cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at the National Weather Service hourly recording station at Claryville, NY...... 9 2B. Map showing cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at the National Weather Service office at Binghamton, NY...... 9 2C. Map showing cumulative hourly rainfall during June 23–28, 2006, recorded at the Department of Environmental Protection station at Cannonsville Reservoir, NY...... 10 2D. Map showing cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at Albany International Airport, NY...... 10 3A. Map showing total precipitation in the Susquehanna River basin and surrounding area for the storms of March 9–22, 1936...... 14 3B. Map showing total rainfall in New York and surrounding area for the storm of June 19–23, 1972...... 15 4A. Map showing locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, and surrounding area...... 16 4B. Map showing locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, and surrounding area...... 17 4C. Map showing locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, and surrounding area...... 18 5A. Graph showing peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in the basin, NY, as a function of drainage area...... 24 5B. Graph showing peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, as a function of drainage area...... 25 5C. Graph showing peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, as a function of drainage area...... 26 6A. Map showing peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006...... 27 6B. Map showing peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the flood of June26–29, 2006...... 28 6C. Map showing peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Surveystream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006...... 29 7A. Graph showing annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY...... 30 7B. Graph showing annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY...... 33 7C. Graph showing annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY...... 40 8. Graph showing discharge hydrographs for selected stream-gaging stations in the (A–1) Mohawk River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006, (B–1 to B–5) Delaware River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006, and (C–1 to C–2) Susquehanna River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006...... 45 v

9A–1. Graph showing fifteen minute inflow, and water-surface elevation at the Hinkley Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 48 9A–2. Graph showing fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Schoharie Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 48 9B–1. Graph showing fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Pepacton Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 50 9B–2. Graph showing fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Cannonsville Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 50 9B–3. Graph showing fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Neversink Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 51 9C–1. Graph showing fifteen minute outflow and water-surface elevation at the East Sidney Lake, NY, June 26–July 1, 2006...... 54 9C–2. Graph showing fifteen minute discharges at selected stream-gaging stations upstream and downstream of Whitney Point Lake and water-surface elevation at Whitney Point Lake, NY, June 26–30, 2006...... 54 10A. Graph showing discharge hydrographs for selected historic floods at (1) the Mohawk River nearLittle Falls, NY, and (2) the Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY, stream-gaging stations...... 55 10B. Graph showing discharge hydrographs for selected stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the June 2006 and August 1955 floods...... 57 10C. Graph showing discharge hydrographs for selected historic floods at (1) the Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY, and (2) the Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY, stream-gaging stations...... 60 11. Graph showing water-surface elevation in the Pepacton Reservoir, NY, during August-October 1955, January 1996, and June 2006...... 62 12A. Map showing locations of 22 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Mohawk River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006...... 63 12B. Map showing locations of 44 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006...... 64 12C. Map showing locations of 38 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006...... 65 13A. Graph showing peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood- recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies...... 78 13B. Graph showing peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood- recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies...... 79 13C. Graph showing peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood- recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies...... 85 14A. Photographs of Collapse of Interstate Route 88 over Carrs Creek near Unadilla (Exit 10), NY, on June 28, 2006. Bottom–Carrs Creek and washed-out culvert at Interstate Route 88 near Unadilla (exit 10), NY, on June 28, 2006...... 92 14B. Photographs of Susquehanna River floodwaters overtop floodwall along North Shore Drive, Binghamton, NY, on June 28, 2006, and Susquehanna River floodwaters overflow Washington Street pedestrian bridge, Binghamton, NY, on June 28, 2006...... 93 vi

Tables

1. Total rainfall for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, at selected locations in New York and surrounding areas...... 11 2A. Rainfall-frequency relations for storms of 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hour duration at selected locations in New York...... 13 2B. Rainfall-frequency relations for storms of 4-day duration at selected locations in New York...... 14 3. Period-of-record peak discharges and peak discharges during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in New York and surrounding areas...... 19 4A. Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods and the June 26–29, 2006, flood at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY...... 56 4B. Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods and the June 26-29, 2006, flood at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY...... 58 4C. Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods and the June 26-29, 2006, flood at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY...... 60 5A. Peak water-surface elevations at 22 high-water-mark sites and 5 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-recurrence intervals...... 67 5B. Peak water-surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, during the flood of June 26-29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-recurrence intervals...... 69 5C. Peak water-surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood-recurrence intervals...... 73 vii

Conversion Factors, Datum, and Acronyms

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 4,047 square meter (m2) acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2) acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2) square foot (ft2) 929.0 square centimeter (cm2) square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter (m2) square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Volume million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter (m3) cubic foot (ft3) 28.32 cubic decimeter (dm3) cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter (m3) acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter (m3) acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer (hm3) Flow rate acre-foot per day (acre-ft/d) 0.01427 cubic meter per second (m3/s) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) cubic foot per second per square mile 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square [(ft3/s)/mi2] kilometer [(m3/s)/km2] million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F = (1.8 × °C)+32 Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C = (°F - 32)/1.8 Vertical coordinate information is referenced to National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Barge Canal Datum (BCD) is site specific and there are local conversion factors, in feet, to National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. viii

Acronyms Used in This Report

FEMA Federal Emergancy Management Agency NGS National Geodetic Survey NWS National Weather Service NYCDEP New York City Department of Environmental Protection NYSDOT New York State Department of Transportation PPL Power and Light Corporation USGS U.S. Geological Survey Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

By Thomas P. Suro, Gary D. Firda, and Carolyn O. Szabo

Abstract Introduction

A stalled frontal system caused tropical moisture to be Major flooding occurred during June 26–29, 2006, across funneled northward into New York, causing severe flooding New York State and adjacent states resulting from a stalled in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins frontal boundary that funneled tropical moisture over New during June 26–29, 2006. Rainfall totals for this multi-day York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Prior to June 2006, event ranged from 2 to 3 inches to greater than 13 inches in streamflow conditions inthe Mohawk and Delaware River southern New York. The storm and flooding claimed four basins generally were within the normal range, and conditions lives in New York, destroyed or damaged thousands of homes in the Susquehanna River basin were in the dry range. Heavy and businesses, and closed hundreds of roads and highways. rains spread from south to north across central New York from Thousands of people evacuated their homes as floodwaters June 26 through June 29, 2006, producing rainfall totals that reached new record elevations at many locations within the generally ranged from 2 to greater than 7 in. in many areas three basins. Twelve New York counties were declared Federal with localized rainfall totals of greater than 10 to 13 in. in disaster areas, more than 15,500 residents applied for disaster several parts of southern New York. The National Weather assistance, and millions of dollars in damages resulted from Service (NWS) recorded rainfall amounts of 3.62 in. at the flooding. Disaster-recovery assistance for individuals Albany, 7.13 in. at Binghamton, and 13.36 in. at Walton, NY and businesses adversely affected by the floods of June 2006 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006a). reached more than $227 million. The storm and flooding claimed four lives in New York, The National Weather Service rainfall station at Slide destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and businesses, and Mountain recorded storm totals of more than 8 inches of closed hundreds of roads and highways. rainfall, and the stations at Walton and Fishs Eddy, NY, Several USGS stream-gaging stations along the recorded storm totals of greater than 13 inches of rainfall. The Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins recorded U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream-gaging stations at peak discharges with a recurrence interval of greater than Mohawk River at Little Falls, West Branch Delaware River 100-years during the June 2006 flood. A state of emergency at Hale Eddy, and Susquehanna River at Vestal, NY, among was declared in many counties in southern New York others, recorded peak discharges of 35,000 ft3/s, 43,400 ft3/s, including Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Montgomery, and 119,000 ft3/s respectively, with greater than 100-year Sullivan, and Ulster. According to the New York State recurrence intervals. The peak water-surface elevation Department of Transportation (New York State Department 21.47 ft and the peak discharge 189,000 ft3/s recorded on of Transportation, 2006), on Wednesday, June 28, 2006, roads June 28, 2006, at the Delaware River at Port Jervis stream- were closed at 138 locations throughout New York because gaging station were the highest recorded since the flood of of flooding, including approximately 275 mi of the New York August 1955. At the Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY, Interstate Highway System (New York State Department of stream-gaging station, which has been in operation since Transportation, 2006). Thousands of people were asked to 1912, the peak water-surface elevation 25.02 ft and peak evacuate their homes because of rising floodwaters in New discharge 76,800 ft3/s recorded on June 28, 2006, exceeded York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. U.S. National Guard the previous period-of-record maximums that were set during and State helicopters were dispatched to rescue victims the flood of March 1936. Documented peak water-surface from their rooftops as the floodwaters washed out roads and elevations during the June 2006 flood at many study sites damaged homes and businesses. On July 1, 2006, the head of in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins the Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency exceeded the 100-year flood-profile elevations determined in Management Agency (FEMA), announced that a major the flood-insurance studies prepared by the Federal Emergency disaster had been declared for New York to supplement State Management Agency. and local recovery efforts in the areas struck by severe storms 2 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York and flooding that began on June 26, 2006 (Federal Emergency Storm of June 26–29, 2006 Management Agency, 2006). Twelve counties in New York were named in the disaster declaration, and by July 6, 2006, more than 3,200 individuals had registered for disaster Antecedent Conditions assistance. On July 12, 2006, $2.2 million was initially Prior to June 2006, streamflow conditions in the Mohawk approved to assist flood victims in New York with housing. and Delaware River basins were generally in the normal Nearly $30 million was approved for disaster assistance range, and streamflow conditions in the Susquehanna River by July 25, 2006. The initial $2.2 million in disaster assistance basin were in the dry range. The NWS reported precipitation for housing was increased to $16.2 million, $10.4 million was totals for May 2006 that ranged from 25 to 95 percent of added for low-interest loans to homeowners, and additional normal across parts of the lower Delaware and Susquehanna funding of about $3.1 million was approved for other needs River basins. Precipitation in the Mohawk and Hudson River and assistance. More than 15,500 individuals had applied for basins ranged from 25 to more than 100 percent of normal for assistance by December 18, 2006. On December 29, 2006, the month of May 2006 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric FEMA announced that more than $227 million had been Administration, 2006d). Storm activity started to pick up approved or obligated for assistance to residents and during the first part of June with numerous storm systems businesses for disaster-related expenses not covered by moving across the State of New York. Widespread rainfall insurance and for State and local agencies to repair flood from these systems was generally less than 0.75 in.; however, damages and rebuild infrastructure damaged during the flood a couple of storms produced about 1.5 in. of rainfall in several (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2006). The USGS, broad areas in western and southeastern New York. The period in cooperation with FEMA, conducted a study to characterize of June 16–22, 2006, was relatively calm with respect to the effects of the 4-day storm. precipitation. Rainfall amounts across the three basins were This report documents the flooding in the Mohawk, generally less than 0.50 in. Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins in New York. Included in this report are rainfall data, reservoir water- surface elevations, discharge hydrographs, peak discharges, Precipitation and updated flood-frequency data for selected USGS stream- gaging stations. This report also documents peak water-surface The daily mean flow at the USGS stream-gaging stations elevations at 29 USGS stream-gaging stations and 104 study Mohawk River at Little Falls, West Branch Delaware River sites along the Mohawk River and selected tributaries; the at Walton, and the Susquehanna River at Conklin were in East, West, and main branches of the Delaware River and the normal range on June 1, 2006. The daily mean flow on selected tributaries downstream to Port Jervis, NY; and the June 1, 2006, at the USGS stream-gaging station East Branch Susquehanna River and selected tributaries downstream Delaware River at Margaretville was at a level exceeded less to Athens, PA. Rainfall amounts, streamflow discharges, than 10 percent of the time. On Friday, June 23, a cold front updated flood frequencies, and water-surface elevations for moved through Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and southeastern streams and reservoirs are presented in figures and tables. New York. Rainfall totals from this event were light to Peak surface-water elevations and peak discharges are moderate, but this weather pattern continued into the following compared to those of historical floods. FEMA personnel, week. Rain increased on June 25 into June 26 with daily in cooperation with the USGS, selected the 104 study sites rainfall totals of 1 to 3 in. reported in southeastern New York. in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins On Tuesday, June 27, a frontal boundary characterized by low included in this report. Peak water-surface elevations were pressure was centered over the Midwest, and a high pressure surveyed, described, and photographed by USGS and URS system centered off of the southern coast of New Jersey stalled Corporation personnel. Descriptions and maps of individual over the region. The opposite rotations of these two systems sites are presented in Appendix 1. Comparisons of peak water- worked together to channel tropical moisture northward surface elevations at selected study sites in the Delaware River directly over central New York and the Susquehanna, basin between the September 2004 and the June 2006 floods Delaware, and Mohawk River basins. Heavy rains spread from are shown in Appendix 2. Photographs of flood damage to south to north across New York from June 26 through June selected areas in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna 29, 2006. Cumulative 4-day rainfall totals across New York River basins are shown in Appendix 3. Peak water-surface ranged from less than 2 in. to greater than 12 in. (fig. 1A) and elevations at many study sites exceeded the 100-year flood- daily rainfall totals for June 26 to June 29 ranged from less profile elevations and at some study sites exceeded the than 1 in. to greater than 6 in. (fig. 1B). 500-year flood-profile elevations as documented in flood- This storm system produced widespread rainfall amounts insurance studies by FEMA. Peak-of-record discharges were of greater than 5 in. in the three basins; isolated areas received recorded at several USGS stream-gaging stations in each of rainfall in excess of 10 in. in a 4-day period. Rainfall amounts the studied basins. for the storm of June 26–29 at selected sites in the Mohawk, Storm of June 26–29, 2006 3

76° 74°

44° Watertown

NEW YORK

EXPLANATION Delta Dam Area of equal Utica rainfall, in inches Syracuse Mohawk River basin Less than or equal to 2 2 . 0 1 – 4 4 . 0 1 – 6 6 . 0 1 – 8 Cortland Albany 8 . 0 1 – 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 – 1 2 Ithaca Susquehanna River basin Rockdale Greater than 12 Drainage-basin East Jewett boundary Walton Elmira 42° Binghamton Platte Delaware River basin Clove Fishs Eddy

PENNSYLVANIA

Port Jervis

NEW JERSEY Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, 0 15 30 MILES North American Datum (NAD) 1983 015 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 1A. Cumulative 4-day rainfall for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, and pertinent geographic features of New York. 4 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

76° 74° 76° 74° JUNE 26 JUNE 27

43° NEW YORK Mohawk River basin 43° NEW YORK Mohawk River basin

Albany Albany Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin

42° 42° Delaware River Delaware River basin basin

PENNSYLVANIA PENNSYLVANIA

NEW NEW JERSEY JERSEY

76° 74° 76° 74° JUNE 28 JUNE 29

43° NEW YORK Mohawk River basin 43° NEW YORK Mohawk River basin

Albany Albany Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin

42° Delaware River 42° Delaware River basin basin

PENNSYLVANIA PENNSYLVANIA

NEW NEW JERSEY JERSEY Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 40 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, EXPLANATION North American Datum (NAD) 1983 Area of equal rainfall, in inches 0 40 KILOMETERS Less than or equal to 1 4 . 0 1 – 5 1 . 0 1 – 2 5 . 0 1 – 6 2 . 0 1 – 3 Greater than 6 3 . 0 1 – 4 Drainage-basin boundary

Figure 1B. Daily rainfall totals for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, and pertinent geographic features of New York. Storm of June 26–29, 2006 5

75° 73°45' (45) Jefferson EXPLANATION 3.64 Essex Mohawk River basin boundary 4 4 Line of equal rainfall, in inches

(29) Site number and rainfall Hamilton 43°45' Lewis 5.72 amount, in inches Town or city (29) 5.72

4 Warren

NEW YORK (36) 4.58 Oneida

Washington

k e Delta e 6 Reservoir Hinckley r Reservoir C a (23) d W a Rome e Herkimer n 6.74 s a t C C (39) (28) t a s n a a 4.37

5.78 d E a

4

C

r

e Little Fulton Utica e Saratoga k Falls (32) M 5.37 o h a w k R i v e r Amsterdam Canajoharie (51) Montgomery 2.98 Schenectady Madison (49) (15) Cohoes 7.99 C 3.04 a b (46) 6 le Cree k s k i ll Albany 3.62 (50) Schoharie Rensselaer Otsego 3.00 Albany (22) Schoharie 6.87 (35) 42°30' Chenango (42) 5.08 Oneonta 3.96 4 (54) Gilboa (18) 2.19 7.53 Greene (38) Columbia 8 (13) 4.37 (11) 8.10 Sch 10 oh 8.30 arie Cre ek 12(3) Delaware 13.36 Broome 10 (5) (31) 5.43 (4) (12) (33) 11.78 13.28 8.11 5.30 MASSACHUSETTS 8 (19) 7.46 (6) Ulster Dutchess 11.68 (16) 6 Sullivan 7.79 (30) PENNSYLVANIA (24) 5.45 (7) 6.29 4

10.58 CONNECTICUT

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 1C. Total rainfall in the Mohawk River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006. (Precipitation sites listed in table 1. Additional National Weather Service rainfall data and provisional spotter rainfall data used to develop map.) 6 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

75°

42°30' (22) Schoharie 6.87 (42) 3.96 Oneonta Otsego 4 (18) 7.53 Schoharie Chenango Reservoir

Sidney

(13) 6 8.10 Greene r Delaware (3) e iv R 13.36 e ar Margaretville Walton elaw Cannonsville nch D ra Reservoir B Pepacton Reservoir t s e 12 Broome Stilesville W 8 (31) er iv Downsville Deposit R 5.43 are (12) aw Hale Eddy el 8.11 D NEW YORK h Ulster nc ra Beaver st B K Ea ill k (19) e e Fishs (4) r 7.46 Hancock C Eddy 13.28 (16) owem o c 8 Will 7.79 Little Claryville Beaver r. Kill C (6) n D o o e c Susquehanna 11.68 l i a 10 ll a (24) w h C . Neversink nc Cr a a n 6.29 r o Reservoir

o N W r B ic e . ll e e N a v D Wayne e s C (7) h r t y c s b n

B i e R a n

r r r10.58 k

a r (2) . B 8 n y i E Sullivan

c v (25)

h C R 13.67 L r e e i a v 6.28 e r c e k k r a w a 10 x Gen. Edgar e n Jadwin Reservoir R i v Prompton e

Reservoir r k

Carbondale o

o r M (1) B 6 o 14.64 y n a g reek w a C f u Middle l 12 p a

H

R

i

r v

L e Barryville e

PENNSYLVANIA a v . r ckawa Ri r Middletown xen C la o h o h Orange

S Lackawanna Lake Pike Port Jervis (40)

Wallenpaupack

. 4

r 4.29

C

k

c NEW JERSEY

a

(9) p u a EXPLANATION 9.16 p (27) n e l l 5.85 Delaware River basin boundary a 41°15' W 4 Line of equal rainfall, in inches (40) Sussex Site number and rainfall amount, in inches

4.29 4 Monroe Luzerne Town or city Passaic Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 10 20 MILES Universal Transversal Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 1D. Total rainfall in the Delaware River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006. (Precipitation sites listed in table 1. Additional National Weather Service rainfall data and provisional spotter rainfall data used to develop map.) Storm of June 26–29, 2006 7

76°10' 75° Hamilton Lewis EXPLANATION Oswego Susquehanna River basin (23) boundary 6.74 4 Line of equal rainfall, in inches 6 (28) Site number and rainfall (28) 5.78 amount, in inches 5.78 Oneida Town or city Onondaga Fulton Herkimer 43° Madison 2 Montgomery 4 C h Cayuga e n a n g (15) o (34)

7.99

5.27 R i 6 r v e e iv r R c r li e Cortland se v t i O Cortland R Otsego T io Seneca u a (22) g ll h i Tompkins n d 6.87 i

a Schoharie o Cincinnatus n g 4 a U R Chenango Oneonta iv e Ithaca r (18) Whitney 7.53 Point Lake Unadilla Whitney Bainbridge East Point Sidney Sidney Lake 8 Tioga (21) (13) 6 (37) 7.13 8.10 4.45 (3) Delaware Greene Broome 13.36 Vestal Schuyler Owego Binghamton q u e h a n s n Conklin (31) S u 6 a Ulster Waverly (4) R 5.43 i 13.28 Athens v NEW YORK e r (19) 12 (43) (26) 7.46 (16) 3.86 6.04 (10) (6) 10 7.79 41°50' 8.34 11.68 Bradford 8 Susquehanna (7) Wayne (47) 10.58 3.26 (2) Sullivan PENNSYLVANIA 13.67 4 6

6 10

8 Wyoming (1) 12 14.64 (14) Lackawanna Sullivan 8.10 Orange (9) Pike Luzerne 9.16 (27) 5.85 NEW JERSEY Lycoming Sussex Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, 0 15 30 MILES North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure1E. Total rainfall in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, and surrounding area for the storm of June 26–29, 2006. (Precipitation sites listed in table 1. Additional National Weather Service rainfall data and provisional spotter rainfall data used to develop map.) 8 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins are shown in and the 1996 storms at the Mohawk River at Little Falls, the figures 1C–E. West Branch Delaware River at Walton, and the Susquehanna Cumulative hourly data recorded at the NWS precip- River at Conklin stream-gaging stations. Rainfall frequencies itation station in Claryville, NY, describe a moderately heavy for selected sites are listed in tables 2A and 2B. rain in the late morning hours on June 26, then a sustained rain Prolonged rainfall events in previous years also resulted through June 27 (fig. 2A). A heavy burst of rain was recorded in record-setting floods in New York and the surrounding from late in the evening on June 27 through the first 8 hours of region. Extended precipitation patterns in March 1936 June 28. This period of heavy rain increased the rainfall total produced record flooding in the Hudson, Delaware, and for this storm from about 4.5 in. late in the day on June 27 to Susquehanna River basins. The floods of March 1936 were more than 7.5 in. by noon on June 28 at the NWS station at caused by precipitation during March 9–22, a period of Claryville, NY. warming temperatures, when much of the topography was Precipitation data for the NWS station at Binghamton, snow covered and were still ice covered. This event NY, indicate slightly different timing, but a similar rainfall was categorized as one long precipitation event having two pattern (fig. 2B). Recorded rainfall at Binghamton indicated a periods of concentrated heavy rain. Rain and snow during rather sharp increase in rainfall from near midnight on June 26 March 9–10 were followed by heavier rains during March into the early morning hours of June 27, then a fairly slow and 11–13. Precipitation amounts from the first half of this storm intermittent rain until early evening on June 27. A heavy and event were generally in the 2-in. range across the Delaware fairly constant period of rain was recorded from early evening and Susquehanna River basins. Heavy precipitation from on June 27 through the morning of June 28. Rainfall totals at the second half of this storm event began around March 16 Binghamton increased from less than 4 in. to more than 6.5 in. and continued through March 19, producing an additional from June 27 to the morning of June 28. 2 to as much as 6 in. of precipitation in the Delaware and The New York City Department of Environmental Susquehanna River basins by March 22. The precipitation Protection (NYCDEP) recording station at the Cannonsville from this extended event caused record-breaking or Reservoir recorded just over 4.4 in. of rainfall from June 26 extraordinary flooding in the Hudson, Delaware, and to 29 and a total of almost 6 in. for the period of June 23–29 Susquehanna River basins. Records set in March 1936 at (fig. 2C). Additional NWS and NYCDEP precipitation stations several USGS stream-gaging stations along the Susquehanna recorded storm totals of greater than 13 in. at Walton and Fishs River remained until they were superseded by the June 2006 Eddy, NY; greater than 10 in. near Ashland, NY; greater than flood. Total rainfall amounts for the March 9–22, 1936, 7 in. at Sherburne, NY; and greater than 3.5 in. at Lansing precipitation event are presented in figure 3A. Manor and Albany, NY (fig. 2D). Total rainfall amounts at The floods from Hurricanes Connie and Diane in 55 selected locations in New York are listed in table 1. August 1955 were also produced by two back-to-back Daily rainfall totals for June 27 exceeded 5 in. at Platte precipitation events. Heavy rains from Hurricane Connie Clove, 4.6 in. at East Jewett, and 4 in. at Binghamton and produced rainfall totals of 3 to more than 7 in. during Delta Dam, NY (figs. 1A, 1B). On June 28 daily rainfall August 11–14, 1955. Hurricane Diane added an additional totals exceeded 5 in. at Rockdale, NY. Rainfall frequencies 2 to 9 in. of rain in southeastern New York during August for these daily totals were estimated to have a recurrence 17–20, 1955. Period-of-record maximums were set at several interval of about 10 years at Platte Clove, between 5 and USGS stream-gaging stations along the main stem of the 10 years at Binghamton and East Jewett, from 10 to 25 years Delaware River from near Barryville, NY, downstream to at Delta Dam, and about 50 years at Rockdale (U.S. Weather Trenton, NJ. Bureau, 1961). On June 28, the largest 1-day rainfall totals in The floods resulting from Hurricane Agnes was the State of New York for this storm were recorded at Walton produced by an extended period of precipitation during and Fishs Eddy, NY. The NWS reported rainfall totals of 9.63 June 19–23, 1972 (fig. 3B). This storm produced rainfall totals and 8.34 in. on June 28 at Walton and Fishs Eddy (National of 3 to greater than 12 in. in many locations in southern New Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006b) (fig. 1B). York. The heaviest rainfall in New York fell over parts of the The rainfall frequencies for these two stations exceeded the Allegheny and Susquehanna River basins. Although at the 24-hour 100-year recurrence interval (U.S. Weather Bureau, time widespread flooding was recorded at many stations in 1961). The 4-day rainfall total at Binghamton is between the southern New York, major flooding at the headwaters of the 4-day 50-year and the 4-day 100-year recurrence intervals, Susquehanna River upstream from Vestal, NY, did not occur but the 4-day rainfall totals of greater than 13 in. for Fishs as a result of this storm. Flooding in the basin Eddy and Walton exceeded the 4-day 100-year recurrence and downstream from the confluence of the Chemung and interval (U.S. Weather Bureau, 1964). Heavy rain from June Susquehanna Rivers near the New York and Pennsylvania 26 to June 29, 2006, produced period-of-record flooding that border to the was considered to be the superseded the previous records set by the 1936, 1955, 1972, greatest flood known since 1784 (Bailey and others, 1975). Storm of June 26–29, 2006 9

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2 CUMULATIVE RAINFALL, IN INCHES 1

0 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 2A. Cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at the National Weather Service hourly recording station at Claryville, NY. (Location shown in figs. 1D.)

8

7

6

5

4

3

2 CUMULATIVE RAINFALL, IN INCHES

1

0 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 2B. Cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at the National Weather Service office at Binghamton, NY. (Location shown in figs. 1E.) 10 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

7

6

5

4

3

2

CUMULATIVE RAINFALL, IN INCHES 1

0 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/23/2006 6/24/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 2C. Cumulative hourly rainfall during June 23–28, 2006, recorded at the New York City Department of Environmental Protection station at Cannonsville Reservoir, NY. (Location shown in figs. 1D.)

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

CUMULATIVE RAINFALL, IN INCHES 0.5

0.0 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 2D. Cumulative hourly rainfall during June 25–28, 2006, recorded at Albany International Airport, NY. (Location shown in figs. 1B, 1C.) Storm of June 26–29, 2006 11

Table 1. Total rainfall for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, at selected locations in New York and surrounding areas. —Continued

[Data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2006a) and New York City Department of Environmental Protection (written commun. 2007); selected data shown in fig. 1C–E]

Total rainfall Site number Site name (inches) 1 WDCL Radio Tower, PA 14.64 2 Aldenville, PA 13.67 3 Walton, NY 13.36 4 Fishs Eddy, NY 13.28 5 Platte Clove, NY 11.78 6 Equinunk, PA 11.68 7 Pleasant Mount, PA 10.58 8 Frost Valley, NY 9.57 9 Moscow, PA 9.16 10 Montrose, PA 8.34 11 East Jewett, NY 8.30 12 Slide Mountain, NY 8.11 13 Delhi, NY 8.10 14 Noxen, PA 8.10 15 Cooperstown, NY 7.99 16 Claryville, NY 7.79 17 Chichester NY 7.58 18 Rockdale, NY 7.53 19 Susquehanna, PA 7.46 20 Grahamsville, NY 7.23 21 Binghampton WSO, NY 7.13 22 6 SW, NY 6.87 23 Delta Dam, NY 6.74 24 , NY 6.29 25 Ellenville, NY 6.28 26 Orwell, PA 6.04 27 Dingman, PA 5.85 28 New London Lock 22, NY 5.78 29 North Creek, NY 5.72 30 Rhinebeck, NY 5.45 31 Cannonsville Reservoir, NY 5.43 32 Gloversville, NY 5.37 33 , NY 5.30 34 Tully Hebring Forest, NY 5.27 35 Alcove Dam, NY 5.08 36 Glens Falls Farm, NY 4.58 37 Spencer, NY 4.45 38 Windham, NY 4.37 39 Northville, NY 4.37 40 Gardnerville, NY 4.29 12 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Table 1. Total rainfall for the storm of June 26–29, 2006, at selected locations in New York and surrounding areas. —Continued

[Data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2006a) and New York City Department of Environmental Protection (written commun. 2007); selected data shown in fig. 1C–E]

Total rainfall Site number Site name (inches) 41 Whitehall, NY 3.98 42 Lansing Manor, NY 3.96 43 Chemung, NY 3.86 44 Schoharie Reservoir, NY 3.72 45 Newcomb, NY 3.6 46 Albany INTL AP, NY 3.62 47 Monroeton, PA 3.26 48 Poughkeepsie, NY 3.10 49 Delanson 2Ne, NY 3.04 50 Cobleskill, NY 3.00 51 Tribes Hill, NY 2.98 52 West Point, NY 2.97 53 Carmel, NY 2.42 54 East Chatham, NY 2.19 55 Yorktown Heights, NY 1.33

Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge in the reservoirs before or during floods, or for changes in regulation procedures during the period of regulation. and Frequency Recurrence intervals at stream-gaging stations along the main stem of the Delaware River from Callicoon, NY, to The location of the three major basins studied in this Montague, NJ, were computed by fitting systematic annual report and selected USGS stream-gaging stations are presented peak-discharge data to a log-Pearson type III distribution for in figure 4. Historic flood peaks and peak discharges during the entire period of record (Schopp and Firda, 2008). the June 2006 flood at 76 USGS stream-gaging stations are Peak discharges recorded during the June 2006 flood at presented in table 3. several of the USGS stream-gaging stations listed in table 3 Frequency analysis of annual flood-peak data recorded had recurrence intervals of less than 25 years. Stream-gaging at stream-gaging stations provides a means of estimating stations at the Hudson River at Hadley (01318500), and the probability of occurrence of a given discharge. Flood at Coldbrook (01362500) in the Hudson River frequency is commonly expressed in terms of recurrence basin; the East and West Branches of the Neversink River near interval or the probability of being exceeded (one is the Claryville (01434107 and 01434498) in the Delaware River reciprocal of the other). The 100-year flood, for example, has basin; and the at Cortland (01509000) a probability of 0.01 (1-percent chance) of being equaled or in the Susquehanna River basin all recorded peak discharges exceeded in any given year. with recurrence intervals of less than 25 years. Substantial Recurrence intervals for stream-gaging stations listed in flooding and peak discharges with a greater than 100-year this report were calculated by fitting annual peak-discharge recurrence interval were recorded at several stations along data to a log-Pearson type III distribution (Interagency the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna Rivers and on Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982). The results of some of their major tributaries. Although widespread flooding this analysis were weighted with the results of the regional did occur throughout the region, the increase in magnitude flood-frequency analysis (Lumia, 2006) at stream-gaging and frequency of peak discharges at several stream-gaging stations with unregulated streamflows. Recurrence intervals stations along the main branches of these rivers can be at stream-gaging stations with substantial regulation were linked to major inflows from larger tributaries. (Details calculated from statistical analyses of annual peak discharges about peak discharges and flood frequency as a result of the during the regulated period only, except along the main stem June 2006 flood are discussed in the following sections.) of the Delaware River from Callicoon, NY, to Montague, NJ. Antecedent conditions, precipitation and runoff patterns, and No adjustments were made for the amount of available storage basin characteristics all play a role in determining the peak Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 13

Table 2A. Rainfall-frequency relations for storms of 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hour duration at selected locations in New York.

[Data from U.S. Weather Bureau, 1961. Locations are shown in fig. 1C–E]

Recurrence Site Site Rainfall, in inches for selected duration County interval number name (years) 3 hours 6 hours 12 hours 24 hours 3 Walton Delaware 2 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 5 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.6 10 2.4 2.9 3.7 4.5 25 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.0 50 3.2 3.9 4.8 5.8 100 3.4 4.5 5.3 6.8

4 Fishs Eddy Delaware 2 1.7 2.1 2.6 2.9 5 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.8 10 2.5 3.1 3.9 4.7 25 3.0 3.8 4.8 5.2 50 3.4 4.1 5.0 5.9 100 3.6 4.7 5.8 6.9

16 Claryville Sullivan 2 1.9 2.5 3.3 3.5 5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 10 2.9 3.9 4.6 5.8 25 3.4 4.3 5.5 6.5 50 3.9 5.0 6.0 7.0 100 4.1 5.5 6.8 8.0

21 Binghamton Broome 2 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.8 5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 10 2.3 2.9 3.5 4.1 25 2.5 3.4 4.0 4.8 50 2.8 3.8 4.3 5.2 100 3.3 4.1 5.0 5.8

28 Delta Dam Oneida 2 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.5 5 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.3 10 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.7 25 2.8 3.0 3.6 4.4 50 3.0 3.5 3.8 4.7 100 3.4 3.8 4.5 4.9 14 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Table 2B. Rainfall-frequency relations for storms of 4-day duration at selected locations in New York.

[Data from U.S. Weather Bureau, 1964. Locations are shown in fig. 1C–E]

Rainfall, in inches for 4-day duration for selected recurrence intervals Site number Site name County ( years) 2 5 10 25 50 100 3 Walton Delaware 4.1 5.0 5.9 7.0 7.8 8.8 4 Fishs Eddy Delaware 4.4 5.3 6.0 7.4 8.0 9.0 16 Claryville Sullivan 5.4 7.0 8.1 10.0 10.0 12.0 21 Binghamton Broome 3.9 4.8 5.5 6.4 6.9 7.8 28 Delta Dam Oneida 3.6 4.3 4.8 5.7 6.2 6.8

76° 75°

Utica EXPLANATION Syracuse 43° Mohawk River basin Area of equal NEW YORK rainfall, in inches Less than or equal to 2 2 . 0 1 – 4 4 . 0 1 – 6 Cortland 6 . 0 1 – 8 Ithaca Susquehanna River basin 8 . 0 1 – 1 0 Rockdale 1 0 . 0 1 – 1 2 Greater than 12 Walton Drainage-basin boundary 42° Binghamton Delaware River basin Fishs Eddy

0 15 30 MILES PENNSYLVANIA 015 30 KILOMETERS Port Jervis

NEW JERSEY Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983

Figure 3A. Total precipitation in the Susquehanna River basin and surrounding area for the storms of March 9–22, 1936. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 15

80° 78° 76° 74°

EXPLANATION 3 Line of equal precipitation, in inches

Drainage-basin boundary

44°

Mohawk River basin

Susquehanna River basin

42° Delaware River Allegheny River basin basin

Modified from J.F. Bailey and others (1975) 0 30 60 MILES

0 30 60 KILOMETERS

Figure 3B. Total rainfall in New York and surrounding area for the storm of June 19–23, 1972.

discharge at a stream-gaging station. Peak discharges for the stream-gaging stations immediately downstream from a selected stream-gaging stations in the Hudson (contains the reservoir, a reduction in the peak discharge is identifiable after Mohawk River basin), Delaware, and Susquehanna River the reservoirs began storage operations. basins are plotted as a function of drainage area in figure 5. The spatial distribution of peak discharge frequencies for selected USGS stream-gaging stations is presented in figure Mohawk River Basin 6. Annual peak discharges for the period of record through USGS stream-gaging stations along the Mohawk River 2006, the recomputed 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals, and a 10-year weighted moving average of annual near Rome (01336000) and Little Falls (01347000) recorded peak discharges at 25 selected stream-gaging stations are peak discharges on the morning of June 28, 2006 (fig. 8A–1). presented in figure 7. The weighted moving average of annual USGS stream-gaging stations on the East and West Canada peak discharges is presented in figure 7 to show the general Creeks, major tributaries to the Mohawk River, also recorded trend or pattern of yearly maximum flows (Helsel and Hirsch, peak discharges on the morning of June 28, 2006. Farther 1992). The trend lines (weighted moving average) in figure 7 downstream near the mouth of the Mohawk River at Cohoes generally show the dryer periods of the 1960s and 1970s and (01357500) , the peak discharge was recorded in the morning the wetter periods of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. At some of hours of June 29, 2006 (fig. 8A–1). 16 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

75° 73°45'

43°45' Hamilton Lewis

Herkimer

Warren Washington

01343060

k 01318500 Hinckley e 01321000

Oneida e

Reservoir r

Delta C

Reservoir a

d 01336000 W 8 a est n C a a n C Rome 365 Poland a d t a s a C E Newport r e Fulton 90 e Emmonsburg Middleville k Utica Dolgeville Saratoga M 01346000 169 Little 04243500 oh Falls aw Herkimer 01348000 k Tribes Jacksonburg 01347000 Riv Hill 51 er Fultonville Montgomery Amsterdam 28 Fort Plain Canajoharie 01349150 30A 30 10 Schenectady Madison 01351500 90 01357500 Cohoes 01358000 eek NEW YORK C obleskill Cr Schoharie Albany Otsego Albany Schoharie 42°30' Chenango

Oneonta Gilboa

01350000 Greene Delaware

Sch ohar ie Cre EXPLANATION ek Mohawk River basin boundary Columbia 51 Road and number

01349150 U.S. Geological Suvey stream-gaging Broome station and number Ulster Town or city Dutchess PENNSYLVANIA Sullivan Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 4A. Locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, and surrounding area. (Station names and flood-related data listed in table 3.) Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 17

75° 42°30' Otsego EXPLANATION Schoharie Delaware River basin boundary Schoharie 97 Road and number Reservoir 01421610 01426500 U.S. Geological Suvey stream-gaging station and number 01421618 01421614 Town or citySidney

Delhi 01421900 01422738 30 Chenango 01422500 28 01422389 Greene Hamden r 0142400103 e Walton iv 01422747 R re Delaware 01423000 wa ela Margaretville West Branch D 01414000 Beerston 01415000 01413500 206 Broome 01414500 Stilesville Downsville Cannonsville Reservoir ver e Ri Pepacton Reservoir Deposit 01425000 war 01417000 ela 30 D

East Branchh c Hale Eddy n NEW YORK ra 01417500 st B 17 Ea Beaver K Butternut 01434021 01426500 01421000 ill 01434025 Peakville Grove k Fishs Horton Rockland e e Hancock Eddy r 01434017 C Hazel 01420500 Roscoe c Willowem o 01434498 Livingston Manor Lordville 01435000 Ulster 97 Morsston Neversink Susquehanna Reservoir r. C Little Neversink D n o e o Beaver c 17 l i Kill a ll Callicoon w a h C Center nc r. a a C 01436000 r on

B o 52 W r . c li e N l N e Hortonville a e s C D h v t Callicoon c e y n B b a r

r r s

a e 01427510R . B i r E n

n r c k y 191 Falls Mills h i

L C v R a r Cochecton Sullivan i

c e e v

e Wayne e k a k r

r w 17B a Skinners Falls x e 01432900 n Gen. Edgar R i Jadwin Reservoir v 01436690 e Prompton r 652 Reservoir Narrowsburg 55 42 Prompton Honesdale

k

o M

o r o B n 97 g PENNSYLVANIA y a 01428500 a u Creek w p iddle f M l R a

i v

H e Barryville r 01431500 L a Minisinkr . Orange cka v e r waxen Ri Ford C la 01437500 590 Lake Wilsonville o h o Pond Lackawanna h S Eddy Sparrow Bush Lake Wallenpaupack Port

Jervis

.

r 01434000 C

Pike § k

c

a p 01438500 u a p Montague n e l l a 41°15' W Sussex Luzerne NEW JERSEY Monroe Passaic Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 10 20 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 4B. Locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, and surrounding area. (Station names and flood-related data listed in table 3.) 18 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

76°10' 75° Lewis Hamilton EXPLANATION Susquehanna River basin boundary Oswego 23 Road and number

01500500 U.S. Geological Suvey stream-gaging station and number Oneida Town or city

04243500 Fulton Herkimer 43° Onondaga

20 Montgomery

01503980 12B C

h e Cayuga Madison n a n Earlville g o 13 R 8

i 205

r v e e 01505000 Cooperstown v r i r R e v ic i 01497805 Cortland l R se 23 Pittsfield t a 01509000 O l Otsego l 12 i Seneca T d i a Milford o n u g U 88 Tompkins h n 01510000 Norwich 23 i og Butternuts Schoharie 13 a 01510610 Chenango R iv Oneonta e Oxford 23 04234000 r 79 Otego Ouleou Whitney 01502500 t C r. Point 01509520 Lake Greene Unadilla East Sidney Lake 96B 206 Bainbridge 28 01511500 01507000 01500000 01502632 01500500 Afton 01512500 Schuyler Nineveh 206 Delaware Greene Tioga Johnson Broome 01514801 01514000 City Dickinson Owego 01513500 Binghamton 8 Chemung Windsor ha Waverly 01513831 sque nna Su 01531000 Conklin 01502731 Ulster Nichols 17 NEW YORK 01503000 Chem 01515000 un R Great Bend g 267 Athens i R v . e r Susquehanna Depot 220 41°50' Bradford Susquehanna 01531500

Wayne Sullivan

Wyoming Lackawanna PENNSYLVANIA Orange Sullivan Pike Luzerne NEW JERSEY Lycoming Sussex Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 4C. Locations of selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, and surrounding area. (Station names and flood-related data listed in table 3.) Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 19 3 4 9 2 5 5 4 4 3 -- 40 15 30 <2 >500 >100 & >100 & <500 <500 (years) interval Recurrence Recurrence ] 2 /s)/ 3 mi Dis - 13.2 89.9 54.2 20.4 83.4 10.1 15.1 15.2 26.1 63.0 38.9 27.9 31.7 80.6 92.3 [(ft 134.9 109.0 charge /s) 942 3 Dis - 3,100 5,510 (ft 2,200 21,900 23,200 26,600 13,600 10,500 25,900 31,500 35,000 21,800 96,400 28,100 19,100 charge b 123,000 (ft) 9.96 6.88 5.18 9.48 8.29 6.88 6.97 ream-gaging stations in New York ream-gaging stations in New York 12.73 13.60 12.60 15.52 10.99 19.72 23.67 20.70 10.50 12.70 Stage

-- June 26-29, 2006, peak discharge (hr) 1100 0245 1230 1015 0915 1830 0930 0745 1230 0500 0545 1000 0945 2330 0945 1815 Time Time Date 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/29/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/26/06 06/28/06 /s) 3 Dis - (ft charge 8,560 5,690 3,630 42,700 32,000 15,000 25,800 12,300 30,800 65,300 24,000 33,100 20,500 181,000 143,000 81,600 52,800 (ft) 9.60 8.88 9.00 8.08 Stage 11.18 11.82 21.21 14.88 15.38 19.81 21.94 19.17 27.05 23.15 12.88 19.39 11.00 a Date 03/27/13 01/01/49 10/02/45 04/14/02 01/19/96 01/19/96 04/05/84 10/16/55 03/21/80 11/09/96 10/02/45 03/14/77 10/02/45 12/31/48 03/06/64 01/20/96 01/19/96 Hudson River basin Passaic River basin Period-of-record peak discharge Delaware River basin 1913, 96-2006 20-2006 record 98, 00, 03-2006 1941-62, 1945-96, Period of 1911-2006 1921-2006 1927-2006 2001-2006 1937-2006 1979-2006 1924-2006 1931-2006 1993-2006 1927-2006 1946-2006 1917-2006 1939-2006 1902-2006 ) 2 34.9 93.0 59.7 age (mi area 491 560 152 258 163 695 192 289 886 237 Drain - 1,664 1,342 8,090 3,450 , cubic feet per second square mile; <, less than; >, greater -- no data available] 2 /s/mi 3 Station name /s, cubic feet per second; hr, hours; ft /s, cubic feet per second; hr, 3 NY* near Hope, NY Hudson River at Hadley, NY Hudson River at Hadley, at Kast Bridge, NY* West Mohawk River below Delta Dam, near Rome, NY Wilmurt, Canada Creek near West Platte Kill at Dunraven, NY East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, NY East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, Ramapo River at Suffern, NY** Ramapo River at Suffern, at Gardiner, NY** River at Gardiner, Wallkill Esopus Creek at Coldbrook, NY** near Canajoharie, NY at Creek, NY Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY* Hudson River at Green Island, NY* Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY* at Burtonsville, NY* Schoharie Creek at Prattsville, NY Period-of-record peak discharges and during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey st

, square miles; ft, feet; ft Station 2 number 01321000 01318500 01346000 01336000 01343060 01414000 01413500 01387420 01371500 01362500 01349150 01348000 01347000 01358000 01357500 01351500 01350000 Table 3. Table and surrounding areas. [mi 20 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York 4 6 ------50 45 20 10 >100 & <500 >100 & <500 >100 & >100 & <500 <500 (years) interval Recurrence Recurrence ] 2 /s)/ 3 mi Dis - 53.8 48.3 60.1 98.7 86.1 85.3 62.2 41.7 89.5 [(ft 258.9 125.0 215.3 573.8 235.5 287.9 174.1 charge /s) 646 350 179 3 b 95 Dis - 7,110 8,060 2,150 3,100 4,350 2,970 2,490 (ft 62,400 20,000 22,100 77,400 28,600 charge (ft) 2.42 9.01 6.97 2.69 6.99 6.42 4.29 3.02 9.95 6.35 ream-gaging stations in New York ream-gaging stations in New York 11.89 20.55 12.04 16.61 21.43 16.85 Stage

-- -- June 26-29, 2006, peak discharge (hr) 1330 1645 0630 1045 0445 0800 0715 1345 0700 0215 0415 0315 0330 0445 Time Time Date 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/27/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 /s) 54 71 3 738 268 Dis - (ft charge 5,380 6,100 2,800 5,000 2,830 4,400 50,800 23,900 31,400 b 13,000 65,100 25,000 (ft) 1.93 8.51 2.84 7.24 7.69 2.90 3.24 6.71 7.54 9.80 Stage 12.56 18.98 19.47 16.36 a 14.52 16.93 a a Date 01/19/96 09/22/38 04/03/05 04/02/05 01/19/96 09/18/04 04/03/05 01/19/96 01/19/96 04/02/05 07/04/99 11/26/50 09/18/04 07/04/99 01/19/96 01/19/96 Period-of-record peak discharge 72-74, 55-67, record 77-2006 55-2006 55-2006 96-2006 1934-54, 1912-54, 1941-54, 1937-70, Period of 1937-2006 1913-2006 1997-2006 2000-2006 1937-2006 1998-2006 1997-2006 1937-70, 72-74, 96- 2006 1952-67, 96-2006 1998-2006 1998-2006 1950-2006 Delaware River basin—Continued ) 2 0.76 0.61 0.76 25.2 49.8 15.5 20.2 33.2 24.7 14.3 age (mi area 458 241 784 372 332 134 Drain - , cubic feet per second square mile; <, less than; >, greater -- no data available] 2 /s/mi 3 Station name /s, cubic feet per second; hr, hours; ft /s, cubic feet per second; hr, 3 Delhi, NY East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, NY* East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, Mill Brook near Dunraven, NY East Branch Delaware River at Harvard, NY* Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, NY Coulter Brook near Bovina Center, NY Coulter Brook near Bovina Center, Little Delaware River near Delhi, NY West Branch Delaware River at Hobart, NY West Trout Creek near Trout Creek, NY Trout Creek near Trout Tremper Kill near Andes, NY Kill near Tremper Wolf Creek at Mundale, NY Wolf Town Brook Tributary southeast of Hobart, NY Tributary Brook Town East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY* East Brook east of Walton, NY Walton, East Brook east of Town Brook southeast of Hobart, NY Town West Branch Delaware River at Walton, NY Walton, Branch Delaware River at West West Branch Delaware River upstream from West Period-of-record peak discharges and during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey st

, square miles; ft, feet; ft Station 2 number 01421000 01414500 01417500 01420500 01422389 01422500 01421610 01415000 01422738 01421614 01417000 01422747 01421618 01423000 01421900 0142400103 Table 3. Table and surrounding areas. [mi Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 21 7 3 5 6 8 -- 80 26 25 80 15 <2 >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & <500 <500 <500 <500 c <500 (years) interval Recurrence Recurrence ] 2 /s)/ 3 mi Dis - 74.8 60.9 79.1 54.1 84.7 72.9 72.6 96.6 73.1 61.6 61.7 71.5 [(ft 197.1 150.7 220.8 245.9 172.7 charge /s) 170 266 3 Dis - 7,840 1,760 4,730 3,450 8,310 (ft 11,500 28,000 16,600 43,400 33,100 12,500 charge 151,000 212,000 144,000 189,000 (ft) 9.48 5.82 2.81 3.24 ream-gaging stations in New York ream-gaging stations in New York 11.08 11.25 18.19 28.97 32.15 20.38 19.10 17.72 16.16 10.65 21.47 12.15 12.79 Stage

-- -- June 26-29, 2006, peak discharge (hr) 1115 1130 1430 2215 1715 1300 1200 1630 0800 1815 0745 0700 0900 0730 0900 Time Time Date 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 /s) 3 218 815 Dis - (ft charge 7,630 3,070 4,590 9,570 51,900 130,000 250,000 22,300 114,000 28,900 17,500 33,000 25,900 233,000 23,400 (ft) 6.96 3.37 4.37 9.01 Stage 24.80 26.40 35.15 17.98 15.69 12.49 13.47 21.25 12.33 23.91 12.73 15.00 a 11.23 a Date 08/19/55 08/19/55 08/09/55 01/22/59 04/03/05 03/22/48 08/19/55 04/03/05 09/16/99 04/03/05 11/25/50 04/02/05 08/19/55 04/02/05 04/04/87 04/02/05 11/25/50 Period-of-record peak discharge record Period of 1908-17, 38-60, 61-2006 1940-2006 1939-2006 1952-63, 64-2006 1975-2006 1912-63, 64-2006 1992-2006 1937-53, 54-2006 2002-2006 1990-2006 1941-53, 54-2006 1991-2006 1904-2006 1991-2006 1983-2006 1991-2006 1937-2006 Delaware River basin—Continued ) 2 8.93 0.77 3.72 76.6 92.6 22.9 33.8 66.6 age (mi area 290 456 595 171 307 Drain - 2,020 3,480 1,820 3,070 , cubic feet per second square mile; <, less than; >, greater -- no data available] 2 /s/mi 3 *

* *

Station name /s, cubic feet per second; hr, hours; ft /s, cubic feet per second; hr, 3 Barryville, NY*** Denning, NY near Frost Valley, NY Valley, near Frost Valley, NY Valley, Lackawaxen River at Hawley, PA* Lackawaxen River at Hawley, Delaware River above Lackawaxen near Delaware River at Montague, NJ*** West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, NY* West Neversink River at Bridgeville, NY Delaware River at Callicoon, NY*** West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, NY* Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, West Neversink River at Godeffroy, NY Neversink River at Godeffroy, Mongaup River at Mongaup Valley, NY Valley, Mongaup River at East Branch Neversink River northeast of East Branch Neversink River near Claryville, NY Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY*** West Branch Neversink River at Winnisook Branch Neversink River at West Biscuit Brook above Pigeon at Frost West Branch Neversink River at Claryville, NY West Neversink River near Claryville, NY Neversink River at Neversink, NY Period-of-record peak discharges and during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey st

, square miles; ft, feet; ft Station 2 number 01431500 01428500 01438500 01425000 01436690 01427510 01426500 01437500 01432900 01434017 01434000 01434021 01434025 01434498 01435000 01436000 0143400680 Table 3. Table and surrounding areas. [mi 22 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York 7 4 4 4 25 20 20 10 40 90 60 >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & >100 & <500 <500 <500 <500 <500 <500 <500 (years) interval Recurrence Recurrence ] 2 /s)/ 3 mi Dis - 77.2 30.1 28.0 17.0 19.5 36.5 55.1 33.6 44.4 86.8 26.1 34.4 35.7 30.7 45.7 43.3 30.2 [(ft 127.8 charge /s) 288 680 3 Dis - 2,110 2,010 8,100 7,620 (ft 11,400 41,500 12,400 58,700 15,200 23,100 76,800 35,100 55,900 27,100 charge 119,000 127,000 (ft) 2.94 8.64 4.69 9.59 8.03 8.95 ream-gaging stations in New York ream-gaging stations in New York 11.35 19.89 13.74 27.05 13.96 10.95 25.02 35.90 17.72 24.27 21.16 33.66 Stage

------June 26-29, 2006, peak discharge (hr) 1115 1145 1420 0100 2330 0930 0100 2300 2300 1545 0145 0415 2000 1520 1420 Time Time Date 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 07/01/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/27/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/29/06 06/29/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 /s) 3 278 Dis - (ft charge 31,300 40,000 12,500 1,150 107,000 7,250 2,780 b b b b b 96,000 61,100 37,500 12,200 19,800 17,400 14,200 61,600 106,000 20,800 -- -- (ft) 7.62 8.25 Stage a 19.92 30.50 20.30 16.61 16.60 20.47 10.55 10.60 10.38 12.98 14.07 20.14 33.15 18.67 Date 01/19/96 12/30/42 01/20/96 03/18/36 07/08/35 07/08/35 03/18/36 01/19/96 04/03/05 04/03/05 04/02/05 03/18/36 04/02/05 12/31/42 04/03/05 03/18/36 04/03/05 04/03/05 Period-of-record peak discharge Susquehanna River basin record Period of 1978-2006 1940-49, 50-2006 1988-2006 1929-41, 1935-2006 1912-41, 42-2006 42-2006 1935-36, 38-2006 1976-81, 83-2006 1989-2006 1938-64, 69-2006 1964-65, 67-2006 1936, 38- 2006 1988-2006 1930-33, 37-2006 1938-2006 1912-2006 1988-96, 99-2006 1937-2006 ) 2 3.73 5.32 24.3 age (mi area 103 730 982 147 263 453 520 292 593 Drain - 1,820 3,941 1,483 1,610 2,232 4,216 , cubic feet per second square mile; <, less than; >, greater -- no data available] 2 /s/mi 3 *

*

*

Station name /s, cubic feet per second; hr, hours; ft /s, cubic feet per second; hr, 3 Little Elk Creek near Westford, NY Westford, Little Elk Creek near NY at East Sidney, Susquehanna River at Windsor, NY Windsor, Susquehanna River at Susquehanna River at Vestal, NY Vestal, Susquehanna River at near Forks, NY Susquehanna River at Unadilla, NY Merrill Creek Tributary near Texas Valley, NY Valley, Texas near Tributary Merrill Creek Susquehanna River at Bainbridge, NY Otselic River at Cincinnatus, NY Chenango River at Eaton, NY Chenango River at Sherburne, NY River at Lisle, NY Tioughnioga at Rockdale, NY River at Cortland, NY Tioughnioga Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY Susquehanna River at Owego, NY Chenango River at Greene, NY Tioughnioga River at Itaska, NY Tioughnioga Period-of-record peak discharges and during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey st

, square miles; ft, feet; ft Station 2 number 01511500 01497805 01500000 01502731 01513500 01512500 01500500 01510610 01502632 01510000 01503980 01505000 01509520 01502500 01509000 01503000 01513831 01507000 Table 3. Table and surrounding areas. [mi Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 23 5 4 4 7 40 c <2 <2 <2 (years) interval Recurrence Recurrence ] 2 /s)/ 3 1.0 mi Dis - 42.8 18.1 34.4 18.4 10.9 45.0 26.8 [(ft charge /s) 100 3 Dis -

4,840 5,200 2,320 8,320 (ft 27,200 charge 141,000 128,000 (ft) 2.09 3.99 9.25 ream-gaging stations in New York ream-gaging stations in New York 11.06 13.34 20.83 12.14 22.52 Stage

-- June 26-29, 2006, peak discharge (hr) 0600 0200 0430 0900 0600 0900 0600 Time Time Date 06/28/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/29/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/28/06 06/29/06 ge recurrence intervals at these sites. /s) 3 Dis - (ft 9,110 charge 128,000 2,940 15,500 320,000 189,000 12,200 23,500 b 5.83 9.52 15.01 (ft) Stage 11.50 22.40 33.43 31.62 14.83 Date 03/18/36 06/24/72 06/23/72 01/20/96 07/08/35 10/09/76 03/30/60 07/08/35 d from statistical analyses of annual peak discharges during the regulated period. d from statistical analyses of annual peak discharges Period-of-record peak discharge record Period of 1936-2006 1949-2006 1959-95, 2002-06 1913-2006 1903-78, 79-2006 1988-2006 1930-2006 1925-2006 Streams Tributary To Lake Ontario To Streams Tributary Susquehanna River basin—Continued were calculate ) 2 age (mi area 113 113 102 151 185 126 Drain - 4,773 7,797 2,506 , cubic feet per second square mile; <, less than; >, greater -- no data available] 2 /s/mi 3 *

Station name /s, cubic feet per second; hr, hours; ft /s, cubic feet per second; hr, 3 Oneida Creek at Oneida, NY Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY Waverly, Susquehanna River near Flint Creek at Phelps, NY** Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA Towanda, Susquehanna River at Catatonk Creek near Owego, NY Owego Creek near Owego, NY Fall Creek near Ithaca, NY Chemung River at Chemung, NY Period-of-record peak discharges and during the flood of June 26–29, 2006, at selected U.S. Geological Survey st

Sites in pink indicate significant regulation. Recurrence intervals at these sites , square miles; ft, feet; ft Station 2 number Estimated. At former site. Science Center. Water Flood frequency provided by USGS Pensylvannia * **Site not shown in fig. 4. using the entire period of record and agreed upon by a multi-agency committee (Schopp discharges of annual peak ***Sites in green indicate recurrence intervals computed from statistical analyses a b c 04243500 01515000 04235250 01531500 01514801 01514000 04234000 01531000 Table 3. Table and surrounding areas. [mi Firda, 2008). No adjustments were made for the amount of available storage in reservoirs before or during floods nor changes regulation procedures period regulation. Other studies, such as flood-insurance and other procedures can be investigated for alternate methods of determining dischar 24 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York 10,000 he Hudson River 1,000 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES SQUARE IN AREA, DRAINAGE 100 Previous maximum—unregulatedPrevious streamflow ofstreamflowFlood June 2006—unregulated maximum—regulatedPrevious streamflow streamflow ofFlood June 2006—regulated Peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in t 10 10

100 1,000 10,000

100,000

1,000,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Figure 5A. as a function of drainage area. basin, NY, Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 25 10,000 he Delaware 1,000 100 10 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES 1.00 Previous maximum—unregulated streamflow Flood of June 2006—unregulated streamflow Previous maximum—regulated streamflow Flood of June 2006—regulated streamflow Peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in t 0.10 10

100 1.00 0.10 1,000 10,000

100,000

1,000,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Figure 5B. as a function of drainage area. River basin, NY, 26 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York 10,000 he 1,000 100 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES 10 Previous maximum—unregulated streamflow Flood of June 2006—unregulated streamflow Previous maximum—regulated streamflow Flood of June 2006—regulated streamflow Peak discharges for the flood of June 26–29, 2006, and previous maximum known discharge at selected stream-gaging stations in t 1

10 100 1,000 10,000

100,000

1,000,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Figure 5C. as a function of drainage area. Susquehanna River basin, NY, Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 27

75° 73°45' Jefferson Essex

43°45' Lewis Herkimer

Warren

Hamilton

Washington

Hinckley Reservoir k e

e r

Delta Reservoir C

a 01336000 d a Rome n

W a e Poland C s t t C s a a Newport n E a Emmonsburg d

Oneida a Saratoga

Middleville C

r e

Utica 01346000 e Dolgeville k M Little Falls Fulton o h 01348000 a w k R i v e r 01347000 Herkimer Fultonville Tribes Hill Fort Plain Amsterdam 01349150 Canajoharie Montgomery Schenectady 01357500 Madison Burtonsville 01351500 Cohoes

Schoharie Albany C Creek obleskill k

NEW YORK e

e

r

C Albany Otsego Schoharie Rensselaer Chenango ie r a h o h 42°30' c S Oneonta Gilboa

Schoharie EXPLANATION Grand Reservoir Gorge Mohawk River Greene basin boundary Delaware

Recurrence interval, Columbia in years Less than 10

Broome 10−49

50−74

75−100 Ulster Dutchess Greater than 100 Sullivan

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 6A. Peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Data are shown in table 3.) 28 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

75° 42°30' Schoharie Otsego

Schoharie Reservoir Chenango Sidney

Delhi 01421900

Delaware Greene r Hamden e iv Walton R 01423000 re wa Margaretville ela West Branch D Beerston Pepacton Reservoir 01413500

Broome Stilesville Downsville Deposit Cannonsville ver 01425000 Reservoir e Ri 01417000 war Ulster Harvard ela NEW YORK D h c Hale Eddy n Butternut ra 01417500 st B Bea Grove Ea ver Horton 01426500 Ki Peakville ll Rockland k Roscoe e 01421000 e 01420500 r Hazel C Claryville Hancock Fishs Cooks em o c Eddy Falls Willow Livingston Lordville Manor Morsston 01435000 Susquehanna r. C Little n Neversink o Beaver D o Neversink e c Kill l li a l Reservoir a Callicoon w h C a nc Center r. a C r r on 01436000

e B W o c N . li e N Hortonville l e D a v s y C e t h b Callicoon c r

B n s e

r a i r r n

a r B 01427510 k R

n y E.

c

h C i Falls Mills R L r v e e a i e Cochecton c v k r k e a Wayne Sullivan r w a Skinners Falls x Gen. Edgar e n Jadwin Reservoir R i 01436690 v e Bridgeville Prompton r H

Reservoir a l f w

a

PENNSYLVANIA y

B

M r

o o

o n k g a Creek 01428500 u Middle 01431500 p

EXPLANATION R

ckaw River i

La axen v e

Barryville r Delaware River Minisink basin boundary r. Godeffroy Hawley Ford C la o 01437500 h LackawannaRecurrence interval, o Pond Orange h Sparrow in years Lake S Eddy Bush Wallenpaupack Less than 10 01434000 Port 10−49 Jervis 01438500 50−74 Pike Montague

41°15' 75−100 Sussex Luzerne Greater than 100 NEW JERSEY Monroe Passaic Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 10 20 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 6B. Peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Data are shown in table 3.) Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 29

76°10' 75° Fulton 43° Oneida Herkimer Onondaga Montgomery

Madison Cayuga

Earlville C h e r e r n e a v i Cooperstown iv n R g R

c o

i a

l

l e Otsego

l ts i

01509000 O R Pittsfield

d i

T Cortland v a i e n Milford Seneca o u r U

g 01510000 Schoharie h Norwich n i o Butternuts g Chenango Tompkins a R i Oneonta v Oxford e r Whitney Otego Point Greene 01502500 01509520 Lake Unadilla East Bainbridge Sidney Lake 01500000 01511500 01507000 01500500 01502632 Afton Schuyler 01512500 Nineveh Delaware Tioga NEW YORK Greene Broome Johnson 01514801 City Dickinson 01514000 Owego 01513500 Binghamton Chemung hann 01513831 usque a Windsor S

01502731 01531000 Conklin

Nichols Vestal 01503000 Ulster

Athens Great Bend 01515000 Riv er Susquehanna Depot Sullivan 41°50' Bradford Susquehanna 01531500 EXPLANATION Susquehanna River Wayne basin boundary Recurrence interval, in years Less than 10

Wyoming 10−49 PENNSYLVANIA Lackawanna 50−74 Sullivan Orange 75−100 Pike Luzerne Greater than 100 Lycoming Sussex Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 6C. Peak discharge recurrence intervals at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Data are shown in table 3.) 30 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

10,000 A-1 Mohawk River below Delta Dam near Rome, NY 9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 1,000

0 40,000 A-2 Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7A. (A–1, A–2) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 31

90,000 A-3 Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville, NY

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

A-4 Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY 140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7A. (A–3, A–4) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY. 32 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

The USGS stream-gaging stations along the Mohawk at the stream-gaging stations West Branch Delaware River River from below Delta Dam to Cohoes are regulated by upstream from Delhi (01421900) and West Branch Delaware power-generation dams, municipal water suppliers, and the River at Walton (01423000), upstream from the Cannonsville New York State Canal Corporation. Recurrence intervals Reservoir, were 8,060 ft3/s and 28,600 ft3/s, respectively at these USGS stream-gaging stations ranged from less (fig. 8B–3). The flood frequency of the peak discharge at East than 5 years to greater than 100 years. The USGS stream- Branch Delaware River at Margaretville was estimated to have gaging station Mohawk River below Delta Dam near Rome a 9-year recurrence interval (table 3). The flood frequency recorded a peak discharge of 3,100 ft3/s on June 28 which along the West Branch of the Delaware River, upstream from had a recurrence interval of less than 5 years (fig. 6A). Cannonsville Reservoir, was much greater than that recorded Recurrence intervals at USGS stream-gaging stations on the along the East Branch upstream from Pepacton Reservoir (fig. major tributaries to the Mohawk River along the East and 6B). The peak discharge at the West Branch Delaware River West Canada Creeks and the Schoharie Creek ranged from upstream from Delhi had an estimated recurrence interval of greater than 500 years at East Canada Creek at East Creek 20 years, and the peak discharge at West Branch Delaware (01348000), to greater than 100 years at the West Canada River at Walton had an estimated recurrence interval of Creek at Kast Bridge (01346000), to as low as less than greater than 100 years (fig. 7B–6). Recurrence intervals were 5 years at Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville (01351500). A generally 25 years or less for peak discharges along several major increase in the magnitude and frequency of the flooding gaged tributaries to the East Branch of the Delaware River along the Mohawk River downstream from the Mohawk upstream from the Pepacton Reservoir. Flood frequency River below Delta Dam near Rome stream-gaging station could not be computed at gaged tributaries upstream from can be attributed to greater than 100-year inflows from the Cannonsville Reservoir because of the short periods of record. West and East Canada Creeks. The USGS stream-gaging The peak discharges at USGS stream-gaging stations station West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, which has been downstream from Pepacton and Cannonsville Reservoirs, in operation since 1920, recorded a new period-of-record along the East and West Branches of the Delaware River, maximum of 21,800 ft3/s. The East Canada Creek at East equaled or exceeded the previous period-of-record maximums Creek stream-gaging station, in operation since 1945, also set during the 2004 and 2005 floods. The USGS stream- recorded a new period-of-record maximum of 31,500 ft3/s. The gaging station East Branch Delaware River at Downsville USGS stream-gaging station Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville (01417000), immediately downstream from the Pepacton 3 recorded a peak discharge of 28,100 ft3/s on June 28, but the Reservoir, recorded a peak discharge of 20,000 ft /s on June 28 period-of-record maximum of 81,600 ft3/s was recorded on (fig. 8B–2). The estimated recurrence interval computed for January 20, 1996 (fig. 7A–3). The lack of major inflow from this peak is 50 years. The period-of-record maximum for this Schoharie Creek allowed for the natural attenuation of the station since the Pepacton Reservoir began storage operations 3 peak discharge and a recurrence interval of only 15 years in September 1954 is 20,200 ft /s, recorded on September 18, downstream at the Mohawk River at Cohoes stream-gaging 2004 (fig.7B–2). The peak discharge at the USGS stream- station. The USGS stream-gaging station Mohawk River at gaging station East Branch Delaware River at Harvard 3 Cohoes recorded a peak discharge of 96,400 ft3/s on June 29 (01417500), 22,100 ft /s, has a recurrence interval of 45 (fig. 7A–4). The USGS stream-gaging station Hudson River years (figs. 7B–3, 8B–2). Farther downstream along the East at Green Island (01358000), located downstream from the Branch of the Delaware River, the peak discharge at the USGS 3 confluence with the Mohawk River, recorded a peak discharge stream-gaging station at Fishs Eddy (01421000), 77,400 ft /s, of 123,000 ft3/s on June 29, which has a recurrence interval had a recurrence interval of greater than 100 years and as of of only 5 years. Antecedent conditions, precipitation and 2006 is a new period-of-record maximum (figs. 7B–5, 8B–2). runoff patterns, and basin characteristics all play a role in The increase in flood magnitude and frequency at this station determining the peak water-surface elevation and discharge at compared to those for the Downsville and Harvard stream- gaging stations is a result of the significant inflow from the a stream-gaging station. Discharge hydrographs for selected Beaver Kill. The Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls stream-gaging USGS stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River Basin for station (01420500) also recorded a new period-of-record the period June 25–30, 2006, are shown in figure 8. maximum of 62,400 ft3/s on June 28, which had a recurrence interval greater than 100 years (figs. 6B, 7B–4). Delaware River Basin The USGS stream-gaging station West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville (01425000) recorded a new period- All USGS stream-gaging stations along the East and of-record maximum discharge, since the current degree West Branches of the Delaware River and along the main of regulation began in 1963, of 33,100 ft3/s on June 28 stem of the Delaware River down to Port Jervis recorded (figs. 7B–7, 8B–4). The recurrence interval for this peak peak discharges on June 28. The peak discharge recorded was estimated to be greater than 100 years (fig. 6B). The at the stream-gaging station East Branch Delaware River June 28, 2006, peak discharge is also the maximum recorded at Margaretville (01413500), upstream from the Pepacton discharge at this station since the station was put into Reservoir, was 13,600 ft3/s. The peak discharges recorded operation in July 1952. The West Branch Delaware River Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 33

35,000 B-1 East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, NY

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

35,000 B-2 East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY

30,000

Pepacton Reservoir began operations in September 1954 25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–1, B–2) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY. 34 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

40,000 B-3 East Branch Delaware River at Harvard, NY

35,000 Pepacton Reservoir began operations in September 1954

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 5,000

0

70,000 B-4 Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, NY

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–3, B–4) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 35

90,000 B-5 East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, NY 80,000

70,000

60,000

Pepacton Reservoir began operations in September 1954 50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

35,000 B-6 West Branch Delaware River at Walton, NY

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–5, B–6) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY. 36 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York at Hale Eddy stream-gaging station (01426500) recorded a 29. The Susquehanna River at Conklin stream-gaging station new period-of-record maximum of 43,400 ft3/s on June 28 has been in operation since 1913, and its previous period-of- (figs. 7B–8, 8B–4). This peak discharge has an estimated record maximum of 61,600 ft3/s was set during the March recurrence interval of greater than 100 years and is the 1936 flood. The peak discharge recorded at the Susquehanna maximum discharge at this station since at least 1903. River at Conklin stream-gaging station on June 28 was Along the main stem of the Delaware River downstream 76,800 ft3/s (fig. 7C–3). Recurrence intervals for the June 2006 from the confluence of the East and West Branches near flood peak discharges at these three stations range from 90 to Hancock to Port Jervis, peak discharges were recorded at greater than 100 years. three USGS stream-gaging stations. The Delaware River at Most USGS stream-gaging stations along the Callicoon stream-gaging station (01427510), which has been Susquehanna River from Conklin to Vestal and on the in operation since 1975, recorded a new period-of-record Chenango, Tioughnioga, and Otselic Rivers recorded peak maximum of 144,000 ft3/s on June 28 (figs. 7B–9, 8B–5). discharges on June 28. It was assumed that rainfall patterns The USGS stream-gaging station Delaware River above across the region generated increased runoff downstream from Lackawaxen River near Barryville (01428500) also recorded Bainbridge, which resulted in a steeper slope to the rising a new period-of-record maximum of 151,000 ft3/s on June 28 limb of the hydrographs for this area and subsequently earlier (figs. 7B–10, 8B–5). The peak discharges at Callicoon and peak discharges at downstream stations. The discharges at the Barryville have an estimated recurrence interval of greater Susquehanna River at Unadilla and Bainbridge stream-gaging than 100 years. The Delaware River at Port Jervis is the stations continued to rise at a steady rate until they peaked most downstream USGS stream-gaging station along the on June 29 (fig. 8C–1). Peak inflows to the Susquehanna main stem of the Delaware River in New York. The peak River from the Chenango and Tioughnioga Rivers were not at discharge at the Delaware River at Port Jervis stream-gaging record levels. The recurrence interval for the peak discharge station (01434000) was 189,000 ft3/s, recorded on June 28 at the Chenango River at Greene stream-gaging station (figs. 7B–11, 8B–5). This peak is a new period-of-record (01507000), which was a new period-of-record maximum, maximum, since regulation began in 1963, and ranks as the was estimated to be greater than 100 years, but the recurrence third highest peak since 1903 (fig. 7B–11). The recurrence interval downstream at the Chenango River at Chenango interval for this peak discharge was calculated to be 80 years. Forks (01512500) stream-gaging station was only 20 years The maximum peak discharge at this station was recorded (fig. 7C–7). The recurrence intervals for the peak discharges on August 19, 1955, and unlike the June 2006 flood, the at the USGS stream-gaging stations along the Tioughnioga 1955 flood peak was magnified by major inflows from the River at Lisle (01509520) and Itaska (01511500) were Lackawaxen and Mongaup Rivers. Discharge hydrographs less than 20 years (fig. 6C). Flood peaks in this area along for selected USGS stream-gaging stations in the Delaware other major tributaries, including the Owego and Chemung River basin for the period of June 25–30, 2006, are shown in Rivers, were less than a 5-year recurrence interval. Although figure 8. discharges on the major tributaries were below record levels downstream from the confluence of the Susquehanna and Unadilla Rivers, they were sufficient to maintain record levels Susquehanna River Basin along the Susquehanna River from Unadilla downstream to Waverly. The USGS stream-gaging station Susquehanna Several USGS stream-gaging stations along the River at Vestal (01513500) recorded a peak discharge of Susquehanna River recorded new period-of-record maximums 119,000 ft3/s on June 28, which has a recurrence interval of as a result of the June 2006 flood. The Susquehanna River at greater than 100 years; the peak discharge exceeded both Unadilla stream-gaging station (01500500), which has been the period-of-record maximum and the estimated peak in operation since 1938, recorded a new period-of-record discharge of 107,000 ft3/s for the March 18, 1936, flood at maximum of 35,100 ft3/s on June 29 with a recurrence interval this site (fig. 7C–8). The floods of March 1936 and June of greater than 100 years (figs. 6C, 7C–1, 8C–1). The peak 1972 were devastating along the Susquehanna River near and exceeded the estimated peak discharge for the March 18, downstream from Waverly. The USGS stream-gaging station 1936, flood at this site. The Unadilla River is a major tributary Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY, (01515000) has been to the Susquehanna River and enters downstream from the in continuous operation since February 1937. The period-of- Susquehanna River at Unadilla stream-gaging station. The record maximum for the Susquehanna River near Waverly recurrence interval for the peak discharge of 23,100 ft3/s on stream-gaging station was 121,000 ft3/s recorded on June 23, June 28 at the Unadilla River at Rockdale stream-gaging 1972 (fig. 7C–10). The March 18, 1936, peak discharge station (01502500) was estimated to be greater than 100 years was estimated to be 128,000 ft3/s. The June 29, 2006, peak and is a new period-of-record maximum (figs. 7C–2, 8C–1). discharge was 128,000 ft3/s and was estimated to have a The USGS stream-gaging stations Susquehanna River recurrence interval of 40 years (fig. 6C, 8C–2). The June 2006 at Bainbridge (01502632), Susquehanna River at Windsor flood ranks as the worst flood along the Susquehanna River (01502731), and Susquehanna River at Conklin (01503000) for areas as far upstream as Unadilla and as far downstream as each recorded a new period-of-record maximum on June 28 or just upstream from Waverly since the early 1930s and possibly Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 37

35,000 B-7 West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, NY

30,000

25,000

Cannonsville Reservoir began operations in October 1963 20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

50,000 B-8 West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, NY 45,000

40,000

35,000 Cannonsville Reservoir began operations in October 1963 30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–7, B–8) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY. 38 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

160,000 B-9 Delaware River at Callicoon, NY

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000 Pepacton Reservoir began operations in September 1954 Cannonsville Reservoir began operations in October 1963 60,000

40,000

20,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

160,000 B-10 Delaware River above Lackawaxen near Barryville, NY

140,000

120,000 Pepacton Reservoir began Cannonsville Reservoir began operations in September 1954 operations in October 1963 100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–9, B–10) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 39

250,000 B-11 Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY

200,000

Pepacton Reservoir began Cannonsville Reservoir began operations in September 1954 operations in October 1963 150,000

100,000

50,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7B. (B–11) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Delaware River basin, NY. 40 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

40,000 C-1 Susquehanna River at Unadilla, NY

35,000

30,000

East Sydney Lake began operations in November 1949 25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

25,000 C-2 Unadilla River at Rockdale, NY

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7C. (C–1, C–2) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 41

90,000 C-3 Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY 80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

14,000 C-4 Chenango River at Sherburne, NY

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7C. (C–3, C–4) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY. 42 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

20,000 C-5 Tioughnioga River at Cortland, NY 18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 0

14,000 C-6 Otselic River at Cincinnatus, NY

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 WATER YEAR

EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7C. (C–5, C–6) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 43

100,000 C-7 Chenango River at Chenango Forks, NY 90,000

80,000

70,000

Whitney Point Lake began operations in March 1942 60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

140,000 C-8 Susquehanna River at Vestal, NY

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7C. (C–7, C–8) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY. 44 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

25,000 C-9 Owego Creek near Owego, NY

20,000

15,000

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5,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0

160,000 C-10 Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000 ANNUAL PEAK DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

WATER YEAR EXPLANATION Annual peak discharge 10-year weighted moving average 100-year recurrence interval 50-year recurrence interval 10-year recurrence interval

Figure 7C. (C–9, C–10) Annual peak discharges through 2006, and discharges of the 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for selected stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY. Flood of June 27–29, 2006, Discharge and Frequency 45 DATE DATE East Branch Delaware River at Margretville, NY Mill Brook at Dunraven, NY Tremper Kill near Andes, NY West Branch Delaware River upstream from Delhi, NY West Branch Delaware River at Walton, NY B-3 B-1 10 10 100 100 Susquehanna River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (C–1 to C–2) Susquehanna River basin, NY, 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 06/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006

1,000 1,000

10,000 10,000

100,000 SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, 100,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Mohawk River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (Locations shown in figure 4A), (A–1) Mohawk River basin, NY, 7/01/2006 West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, NY Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY Canajoharie Creek near Canajoharie, NY Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY DATE DATE East Branch Delaware River at Fishes Eddy, NY East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY East Branch Delaware River at Harvard, NY Discharge hydrographs for selected stream-gaging stations in the A-1 B-2

10 10 100 100 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006

1,000 1,000

10,000 10,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, 100,000 100,000 SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Figure 8. Delaware River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (Locations shown in figure 4B.), and (B–1 to B–5) Delaware River basin, NY, (Locations shown in figure 4C.) 46 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York Susquehanna River at Owego, NY Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY Chemung River at Chemung, NY Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA DATE DATE Delaware River at Callicoon, NY Delaware River above Lackawaxen Rvr near Barryville, NY Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY B-5 C-2 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006 100 100 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006 Susquehanna River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (C–1 to C–2) Susquehanna River basin, NY, 1,000 1,000 10,000 10,000

100,000 100,000

1,000,000 1,000,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Mohawk River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (Locations shown in figure 4A.), (A–1) Mohawk River basin, NY, Susquehanna River at Unadilla, NY Unadilla River at Rockdale, NY Chenango River at Greene, NY Tioughnioga River at Lisle, NY West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, NY West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, NY DATE DATE Discharge hydrographs for selected stream-gaging stations in the B-4 C-1

10 100 100 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/01/2006 1,000 1,000

10,000 10,000

100,000 100,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND PER FEET CUBIC IN DISCHARGE, Figure 8. Delaware River basin, NY, June 25–30, 2006. (Locations shown in figure 4B.), and (B–1, to B–5) Delaware River basin, NY, (Locations shown in figure 4C.) Effects of Reservoirs on Flooding 47

1784 (Grover, 1937; Bailey and others, 1975). Discharge capacity of the reservoir between the elevations 1,173.5 and hydrographs for selected USGS stream-gaging stations in the 1,225.0 ft, elevation of spillway, is 3,320 million cubic feet. Susquehanna River basin for the period June 25–30, 2006, are The elevation of the water level in the reservoir on June 26, shown in figure 8. 2006, was 1,223.0 ft, and the reservoir was at 93 percent of capacity (fig 9A–1). The USGS stream-gaging station West Canada Creek at Wilmurt (01343060), upstream from the Effects of Reservoirs on Flooding Hinckley Reservoir, recorded a peak discharge of 23,200 ft3/s at 12:30 p.m. on June 28. The drainage area upstream from this stream-gaging station is 258 mi2, which is about 70 percent The streamflow along reaches of the Mohawk, Delaware, of the total contributing area to the Hinckley Reservoir. The and Susquehanna Rivers is affected by the outflow from one peak discharge recorded at this station per unit of contributing or more reservoirs in each basin. Data for the Delta, Hinckley, drainage area yields a peak runoff of about 90 (ft3/s)/mi2. and Schoharie Reservoirs in the Mohawk River basin; the Pepacton, Cannonsville, Neversink, Prompton, and General Applying this peak runoff to the entire Hinckley Reservoir drainage area yields an estimated maximum inflow of about Edgar Jadwin Reservoirs and Lake Wallenpaupack in the 3 Delaware River basin; and the East Sidney and Whitney Point 33,500 ft /s on June 28. The water level in the Hinckley Lakes in the Susquehanna River basin are presented below. Reservoir reached a maximum elevation of 1,229.8 ft shortly Reservoir water-level data for Delta Reservoir were provided before midnight on June 28 (fig. 9A–1). The period-of-record by the New York State Thruway Authority, and NYCDEP maximum elevation of 1,230.2 ft for the Hinckley Reservoir provided the water-level data for the Pepacton, Cannonsville, was set on October 2, 1945. and Neversink Reservoirs. The Schoharie Reservoir (fig. 4A) is located along the Schoharie Creek a few miles east of Grand Gorge, NY, and has a drainage area of 315 mi2. The reservoir began storage Mohawk River Basin operations on July 24, 1926, and is formed by a masonary and earth dam. The usable capacity of the reservoir is 19,583 Mgal The Delta and Hinkley Reservoirs are operated and between the minimum operating elevation of 1,050.0 ft and maintained by the New York State Canal Corporation, a the crest of the spillway at elevation 1,130.0 ft. On June 26, division of the New York State Thruway Authority, and 2006, the daily mean elevation of the Schoharie Reservoir were originally constructed for navigation of the Erie Barge was 1,121.57 ft (fig. 9A–2). The USGS stream-gaging station canal. Currently, these reservoirs are used for water supply, Schoharie Creek at Prattsville (01350000), recorded a peak fisheries, power generation, and canal operations, and there discharge of 19,100 ft3/s (table 3) on June 26, which was less is no provision for the planned regulation or mitigation than a 5-year recurrence interval, and a secondary peak of of floodwaters. The Schoharie Reservoir is operated and 17,500 ft3/s on June 28. The drainage area upstream from this maintained by the NYCDEP as a water-supply reservoir and it stream-gaging station is 237 mi2, which is about 75 percent also does not have any provision for the planned regulation or of the total contributing area to the Schoharie Reservoir. The mitigation of floodwater flows. peak discharge recorded at this station per unit of contributing Delta Reservoir (fig. 4A) releases water at Delta Dam drainage area yields a peak runoff of 81 (ft3/s)/mi2 on June 26 on the Mohawk River, which is about 4 mi upstream from and 74 (ft3/s)/mi2 on June 28. By applying these peak runoffs 2 Rome, NY, and has a drainage area of 148 mi . The dam to the entire Schoharie Reservoir drainage area, an estimated was completed on August 3, 1912; controlled storage is maximum inflow of about 25,500 ft3/s was computed for documented to have started on May 1, 1913. The usable June 26 and an estimated maximum inflow of 23,300 ft3/s for capacity of the reservoir is 2,800 million cubic feet at the crest June 28. The water level in the reservoir reached a maximum of the spillway. The spillway crest elevation is 550.0 ft, Barge elevation of 1,131.36 ft for this storm at 1:30 p.m. on June Canal Datum. The maximum observed elevation during 1951 28. The peak outflow from the reservior was estimated on to 2005 was 552.8 ft on June 22, 1972; April 17, 1994; and the basis of the recorded peak discharge at the USGS stream- January 9, 1998. The maximum observed elevation during gaging station Schoharie Creek at Gilboa (01350101) to be 2006 was 551.9 ft on June 28 and 29. The USGS stream- 17,500 ft3/s (fig. 9A–2). gaging station Mohawk River below Delta Dam near Rome (01336000) recorded a peak discharge of 3,100 ft3/s on June 28, which was less than a 5-year recurrence interval. Delaware River Basin The Hinckley Reservoir (fig. 4A) is on West Canada Creek at Hinckley, NY, and has a drainage area of 372 mi2. The Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs The West Canada Creek is a major tributary to the Mohawk are operated and maintained by the NYCDEP as water-supply River between Rome and Little Falls. The Hinckley Reservoir reservoirs. The reservoirs have no provision for the planned began storage operations in March 1914 and is formed regulation or mitigation of floodwaters. In addition, the by an earth and concrete dam, Hinckley Dam. The usable amount of water that can be diverted through water-supply 48 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

40,000 1,230 Estimated inflow West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge 35,000 Water-surface elevation 1,229

30,000 1,228

25,000 1,227

20,000 1,226

Spillway crest elevation = 1,225.0 ft. 15,000 1,225

10,000 1,224 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

5,000 1,223 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE BARGE CANAL DATUM

0 1,222 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9A–1. Fifteen minute inflow, and water-surface elevation at the Hinkley Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006.

30,000 1,134 Estimated inflow Outflow Diversions Water-surface elevation 25,000 1,132

Spillway crest elevation = 1,130.0 ft. 20,000 1,130

15,000 1,128

10,000 1,126 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 5,000 1,124

0 1,122 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9A–2. Fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Schoharie Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006. Effects of Reservoirs on Flooding 49 tunnels is inconsequential in comparison to the volume of East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville stream-gaging floodwater flows. station is upstream from the Pepacton Reservoir and gages The Pepacton Reservoir (fig. 4b) is located along the East about 44 percent of the contributing drainage area to the Branch of the Delaware River just upstream from Downsville, reservoir. The outflow during the time of the peak inflow was NY, and has a drainage area of 372 mi2. The Pepacton about 1,800 ft3/s. The recorded peak discharge at the East Reservoir began storage operations on September 15, 1954, Branch Delaware River at Downsville stream-gaging station, and is formed by an earth filled rockfaced dam. The usable just downstream from the reservoir, was less than 2,600 ft3/s capacity of the reservoir is 140,190 Mgal, measured between during the flood of January 18–19, 1996. Prior to the flood the minimum operating elevation of 1,152.0 ft and the of September 18–19, 2004, the Pepacton Reservoir was at spillway crest at an elevation of 1,280.0 ft. The total capacity 99.2 percent of capacity. During the September 2004 flood, at the spillway crest, including dead storage, is 149,799 Mgal. the peak inflow to the Pepacton Reservoir was estimated to The Pepacton Reservoir was at about 101 percent be about 37,500 ft3/s on September 18, 2004 (Brooks, 2005). of capacity at 7 a.m. on June 26, 2006, and was spilling. The recorded peak discharge at the East Branch Delaware The combined streamflow from four USGS stream-gaging River at Downsville stream-gaging station was 18,000 ft3/s on stations upstream from the Pepacton Reservoir were used September 18, 200. to approximate the inflow to the reservoir during the June The Cannonsville Reservoir (fig. 4B) located along 2006 flood. The total drainage area gaged by summing the the West Branch of the Delaware River approximately four USGS stream-gaging stations—East Branch Delaware 1.8 mi southeast of Stilesville, NY, has a drainage area of River at Margaretville(01413500), Platte Kill near Dunraven 454 mi2. The Cannonsville Reservoir is formed by an earth (01414000), Mill Brook near Dunraven (01414500), and filled, rockfaced dam and began storage operations on Tremper Kill near Andes (01415000),— is approximately September 30, 1963. The usable capacity of the reservoir is 256 mi2 . This accounts for about 69 percent of the total 95,706 Mgal between the minimum operating elevation of contributing area to the Pepacton Reservoir. The hydrographs 1,040.00 ft and the spillway crest elevation of 1,150.00 ft. The for these stream-gaging stations were combined to produce an total capacity at the spillway crest, including dead storage, is estimated hydrograph of the inflow to the Pepacton Reservoir. 98,618 Mgal. The peak runoff, from the estimated inflow hydrograph, per The Cannonsville Reservoir was at 101 percent of unit of contributing drainage area was then computed to be capacity at 7 a.m. on June 26, 2006, and was spilling. The 70 (ft3/s)/mi2. Applying this peak runoff to the entire Pepacton inflow to the Cannonsville Reservoir was approximated by Reservoir drainage area yields an estimated maximum inflow combining the hydrographs for the USGS stream-gaging of about 26,000 ft3/s on June 28 (fig. 9B–1). stations on the two major tributaries to the reservoir. The total The water level in the Pepacton Reservoir reached a drainage area gaged by the USGS stream-gaging stations new period-of-record maximum elevation of 1,283.74 ft West Branch Delaware River at Walton (01423000) and Trout on June 28, as a result of this storm (fig. 9B–1). The previous Creek near Trout Creek (0142400103) is approximately 352 period-of-record maximum observed elevation for the mi2. This accounts for about 78 percent of the contributing Pepacton Reservoir was 1,283.68 ft recorded on April 3, 2005. drainage area of the Cannonsville Reservoir. The hydrograph The USGS stream-gaging station East Branch Delaware River of estimated inflow developed by combining the individual at Downsville (01417000), immediately downstream from the hydrographs of the West Branch Delaware River at Walton and Pepacton Reservoir, recorded a peak discharge of 20,000 ft3/s Trout Creek near Trout Creek stream-gaging stations produced in the early afternoon of June 28. This is the second highest an estimated peak runoff per unit of contributing drainage peak recorded at the USGS stream-gaging station in area of 87 (ft3/s)/mi2. Applying this peak runoff to the entire Downsville since the reservoir began operations in 1954 and Cannonsville Reservoir drainage area yields an estimated the fourth highest peak since the stream-gaging station was maximum inflow of about 39,500 ft3/s on June 28 (fig. 9B–2). installed in July 1941 (fig. 7B–2). Although the Pepacton The peak discharges of 28,600 ft3/s on June 28 at West Branch Reservoir was spilling on June 26, the peak outflow was still Delaware River at Walton (fig. 7B–6) and 4,350 ft3/s on attenuated by about 23 percent because of the storage effect of June 27 at Trout Creek near Trout Creek were both period-of- the reservoir. record maximum discharges. During flooding events in recent years, the contents of The water level in the Cannonsville Reservoir reached the Pepacton Reservoir have been at various levels at the start a new period-of-record maximum elevation of 1,160.08 of each event. Prior to the flood of January 19–20, 1996, the ft on June 28, as a result of this storm (fig. 9B–2). The Pepacton Reservoir was at 58 percent of capacity. During the previous period-of-record maximum observed elevation was January 1996 flood, the water level in the Pepacton reservoir 1,156.79 ft recorded on April 4, 2005. The USGS stream- rose nearly 20 ft, and the peak inflow to the reservoir was gaging station West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville estimated to be greater than 50,000 ft3/s (Lumia, 1998). The (01425000), immediately downstream from the Cannonsville period-of-record maximum discharge at the , recorded a new period-of-record maximum Delaware River at Margaretville stream-gaging station is discharge of 33,100 ft3/s at noon of June 28 (fig. 7B–7). This 25,800 ft3/s recorded on January 19, 1996 (fig. 7B–1). The new maximum discharge is more than double the previous 50 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

30,000 1,284 Estimated inflow Outflow Diversions Water-surface elevation 25,000 1,283

20,000 1,282

15,000 1,281

Spillway crest elevation = 1,280 feet 10,000 1,280 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 5,000 1,279

0 1,278 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9B–1. Fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Pepacton Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006.

40,000 1,164 Estimated inflow Outflow Diversions Water-surface elevation, (estimated where dashed)

30,000 1,159

20,000 1,154

Spillway crest elevation = 1,150 feet

10,000 1,149 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

0 1,144 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9B–2. Fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Cannonsville Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006. Effects of Reservoirs on Flooding 51 peak-of-record maximum, since regulation, recorded on has a drainage area of 92.5 mi2. The reservoir is formed by an April 3, 2005. The peak outflow during the June 2006 flood earth filled rockfaced dam and began storage operations on was reduced by about 16 percent because of the storage June 2, 1953. The Neversink Reservoir has a usable capacity effect of the reservoir. Although the Cannonsville Reservoir of 34,941 Mgal between the minimum operating elevation of was full and spilling at the start of this storm, the flooding 1,319.0 ft and the spillway crest elevation of 1,440.0 ft. The downstream would have been even greater if the reservoir had total capacity at the spillway crest, including dead storage, is not been present. 37,146 Mgal. The contents of the Cannonsville Reservoir were at The contents of the Neversink Reservoir were at about varying amounts of full capacity at the start of past flooding 95 percent of capacity at 7:00 a.m. on June 26, 2006. The events. Prior to the flood of January 19–20, 1996, the USGS stream-gaging station Neversink River near Claryville Cannonsville Reservoir was at 65 percent of full capacity. The (01435000) recorded a peak discharge of 11,500 ft3/s on the water level in the Cannonsville Reservoir rose nearly 23 ft morning of June 28. The drainage area above this stream- during the flood of January 1996 but did not spill as it stored gaging station is about 72 percent of the total contributing floodwaters from the West Branch of the Delaware River area to the Neversink Reservoir. The peak discharge recorded and protected downstream communities from devastating at this station per unit of contributing drainage area yields a flooding. The peak discharge of 25,000 ft3/s recorded on peak runoff of 173 (ft3/s)/mi2. Applying this peak runoff to January 19, 1996, at the West Branch Delaware River at the entire Neversink Reservoir drainage yields an estimated Walton stream-gaging station (01423000) upstream from the maximum inflow of 16,000 ft3/s to the reservoir on June 28 reservoir is the second highest peak recorded at this station. (fig. 9B–3). Prior to the flood of September 18–19, 2004, the Cannonsville The Neversink Reservoir reached a peak elevation of Reservoir was at 99.6 percent of capacity. Upstream from the 1,442.76 ft on June 28 as a result of this storm. The period- reservoir at the West Branch Delaware River at Walton stream- of-record maximum elevation for the Neversink Reservoir gaging station, a peak discharge of 15,200 ft3/s was recorded is 1,443.66 ft recorded on April 3, 2005. The USGS stream- on September 18, 2004; downstream from the reservoir at gaging station Neversink River at Neversink (01436000), just West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, a peak discharge of downstream from the Neversink Reservoir, recorded a peak 10,200 ft3/s was recorded on September 19, 2004. discharge of 7,840 ft3/s on the morning of June 28. The period- The Neversink Reservoir (fig. 4B) is along the Neversink of-record maximum discharge at this station, since regulation, River approximately 2 mi southeast of Neversink, NY, and is 12,500 ft3/s recorded during the flood of April 2–3, 2005.

20,000 1,443 Estimated inflow Outflow Diversions Water-surface elevation 16,000 1,442

12,000 1,441

Spillway crest elevation = 1,440 feet 8,000 1,440 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 4,000 1,438

0 1,439 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME Figure 9B–3. Fifteen minute inflow, outflow, diversions and water-surface elevation at the Neversink Reservoir, NY, June 26–30, 2006. 52 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

The peak outflow from the Neversink Reservoir on June 28 of 1,190.1 ft and began to spill over the top of the roller gates. was attenuated by about 51 percent because of the storage On June 28, a 4-hour average peak inflow of 19,500 ft3/s was effects of the reservoir. estimated and a peak outflow of 9,700 ft3/s was computed. The Prompton Reservoir is along the West Branch Lake Wallenpaupack successfully stored 11,500 Mgal, Lackawaxen River 0.3 mi north of Prompton, PA, and has a or 2.9 in. of runoff, during the June 2006 storm (Gary drainage area of 59.6 mi2. The reservoir is formed by an earth Petrewski, Pennsylvania Power and Light Corporation, oral and rock filled dam and was completed by the U.S. Army commun., 2008). Corps of Engineers in July 1960. The primary purpose for the construction of this reservoir was flood control, although it is also used for recreation. Regulation is accomplished through Susquehanna River Basin an ungated tunnel that slowly drains stored floodwaters. The The East Sidney Lake (fig. 4C) is along the Ouleout usable capacity of the reservoir is about 15,732 Mgal between Creek about 4 mi upstream from its confluence with the elevation 1,125.0 ft (conservation pool) and the spillway crest Susquehanna River near Unadilla, NY, and has a drainage at elevation 1,205.0 ft. 2 The water level in the Prompton Reservoir was at an area of 103 mi . The Ouleout Creek is a major tributary to elevation of 1,124.1 ft at noon on June 25, 2006. During this the Susquehanna River between Oneonta and Unadilla. East storm event, the water level in the reservoir rose more than Sidney Lake is formed by a concrete dam and rock-filled 32 ft and crested at 1,156.4 ft on June 28 at 3:00 p.m., nearly dike. The primary purpose for the construction of this lake 49 ft below the spillway. The Prompton Reservoir successfully was flood control, although it is also used for recreation. stored 4,272 Mgal of floodwaters, or 4.1 in. of runoff, during While still under construction, East Sidney Lake began the June 2006 storm. regulation of outflows in November 1949 and was first used The General Edgar Jadwin Reservoir is along Dyberry for flood control on March 28, 1950. The U.S. Army Corps Creek, a major tributary to the Lackawaxen River, 2.4 mi of Engineers completed construction of the reservoir in north of Honesdale, PA, and has a drainage area of 64.5 mi2. June 1950. Discharge is controlled by the operation of five The reservoir is formed by an earth and rock filled dam and large gates, which allow the lake to store floodwaters during was completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in storms and then release water when conditions permit. The October 1959. The primary purpose for the construction of usable capacity of the lake is about 10,934 Mgal between this reservoir was flood control. Regulation is accomplished elevation 1,115.0 ft and the crest of the spillway at elevation through an ungated tunnel that slowly drains stored 1,203.0 ft. floodwaters. The usable capacity of the reservoir is about The water level in East Sidney Lake was at an elevation 7,983 Mgal below the spillway crest at elevation 1,053.0 ft, of 1,152.4 ft at 7:00 a.m. on June 26, 2006, 10 percent of and there is no dead storage. capacity. The discharge at the USGS stream-gaging station The water level in the General Edgar Jadwin Reservoir Ouleout Creek at East Sidney (01500000), downstream 3 was at an elevation of 989.2 ft at noon on June 25, 2006. from the lake, was less than 100 ft /s on the morning of During the storm, the water level rose nearly 52 ft and crested June 26, 2006. Releases from the lake were increased to about at 1,040.8 ft on June 28 at 8:00 p.m., slightly more than 12 ft 1,000 ft3/s by late in the evening on June 26 in an attempt below the spillway. The General Edgar Jadwin Reservoir to lower the water level in the lake to allow a larger void to successfully stored 5,429 Mgal, or 4.8 in. of runoff, during the store floodwaters. When rainfall increased on the morning of June 2006 storm. June 27, releases from the lake were reduced, and by noon Lake Wallenpaupack is along Wallenpaupack Creek on June 27, the discharge was less than 40 ft3/s at the Ouleout (fig. 4B), a major tributary to the Lackawaxen River, at Creek at East Sidney stream-gaging station. From 5:00 a.m. on Wilsonville, PA, and has a drainage area of 228 mi2. The June 27 to 5:00 a.m on June 29, the water level in East Sidney lake is formed by a concrete gravity-type and earth filled Lake had risen more than 50 ft, and the lake was starting to dam and was completed by Pennsylvania Power and Light spill (fig. 9C–1). This was the first time in its 56-year history Corporation (PPL) in November 1925. The primary purpose of that the lake spillway had been used. The water level in the lake was hydroelectric power, although it is also used for East Sidney Lake reached a new period-of-record maximum recreation, and is operated in a manor to mitigate downstream elevation of 1,204.35 ft on June 30. The peak discharge at flooding. Regulation is accomplished by 14-ft diameter the Ouleout Creek at East Sidney stream-gaging station was roller gates affixed on top of the spillway crest at elevation 2,010 ft3/s recorded on July 1, 2006, days after flood crests 1,176.0 ft and by the intake structure for two turbines. along the Susquehanna River had occurred. The East Sidney The usable capacity of the lake is 38,000 Mgal between Lake successfully stored 11,110 Mgal, or 6.2 in. of runoff, elevation 1,165.0 ft and the crest elevation of 1,187.0 ft (PPL during the June 2006 storm. Generation, LLC, and Kleinschmidt, 2002). The Otselic River is a tributary to the Tioughnioga River, On June 25, 2006, the water level in Lake Wallenpaupack which is a tributary to the Chenango River. The Chenango was at a normal operating elevation of 1,185.8 ft; by 3:30 a.m. River is a major tributary to the Susquehanna River, whose on June 28, the water level in the lake had risen to an elevation confluence is in the City of Binghamton. Whitney Point Lake Comparison of the 2006 Flood to Historic Floods 53

(fig. 4C) is along the Otselic River about 0.9 mi upstream from Mohawk River Basin the confluence with the Tioughnioga River in Whitney Point, NY, and has a drainage area of 257 mi2. The Tioughnioga In the Mohawk River basin, peak discharges from the River at Lisle stream-gaging station (01509520) is upstream June 2006 flood were compared to historic peaks from the from the confluence, and the Tioughnioga River at Itaska floods of March 1977 and January 1996 at selected USGS stream-gaging station (01511500) is downstream from the stream-gaging stations (table 4A). During the March 1977 confluence (fig. 4C). Whitney Point Lake was completed by flood, the USGS stream-gaging station Mohawk River below the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1942 and is formed by an Delta Dam near Rome (01336000) recorded a peak discharge earth filled dam and concrete spillway. The primary purpose of 640 ft3/s, which is less than the 2-year recurrence interval, for the construction of this lake was flood control, and it was but downstream at the Mohawk River at Little Falls stream- first used for this purpose on March 9, 1942. Discharge is gaging station (01347000), the recorded peak discharge for controlled by the operation of three large gates, which are used the March 1977 flood was 33,100 ft3/s. During the January to allow the lake to store floodwaters during storms and then 1996 flood, a peak discharge of 30,700 ft3/s was recorded at release them when conditions permit. The usable capacity of the Mohawk River at Little Falls stream-gaging station. The the lake is about 28,171 Mgal between elevation 950.0 ft and West Canada Creek is a major tributary to the Mohawk River the crest of the spillway at elevation 1,010.0 ft. between Rome and Little Falls. During the 1977 and 1996 The water level in Whitney Point Lake was at an floods, the recorded peak discharges at the USGS stream- elevation of 973.2 ft at 7:00 a.m. on June 26, 2006, gaging station West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge (01346000) 15 percent of capacity. Streamflow at the USGS stream-gaging were 2,850 and 13,600 ft3/s, respectively. Farther downstream station Otselic River at Cincinnatus (01510000), about 12 mi from Little Falls, two additional gaged tributaries contribute to upstream from Whitney Point Lake, recorded a peak discharge the flow in the Mohawk River. These tributaries are the East 3 of 8,100 ft /s at 1:00 a.m. on June 28 (table 3). The water level Canada Creek and the Schoharie Creek. The USGS stream- in Whitney Point Lake began a steady rise late in the evening gaging stations East Canada Creek at East Creek (01348000) on June 26 and reached a maximum elevation of 999.57 ft at and Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville (01351500) recorded 9:00 a.m. on June 30. Although the water level in Whitney peak discharges of 13,300 and 35,500 ft3/s, respectively, Point Lake had increased by more than 26 ft from June 26 to during the March 1977 flood and 17,000 and 81,600 ft3/s, June 30, there was still an additional 10 ft of storage available respectively, during the January 1996 flood. The USGS before the lake would spill (fig. 9C–2). Whitney Point Lake stream-gaging station Mohawk River at Cohoes (01357500) successfully stored 18,987 Mgal, or 4.3 inches of runoff, , near the mouth of the Mohawk River, recorded peak during the June 2006 storm. discharges of 112,000 and 132,000 ft3/s during the March 1977 and January 1996 floods, respectively. Discharge hydrographs for selected historic floods at the Little Falls and Cohoes Comparison of the 2006 Flood to stream-gaging stations are shown in figure 10A. During the June 2006 flood, new period-of-record Historic Floods maximum discharges were recorded at the Mohawk River at Little Falls and the East Canada Creek at East Creek stream- For more than a century, the USGS has documented the gaging stations, and although a new record maximum was not effects of many floods that have devastated areas in New York recorded at the West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge stream- and adjacent states. Although the data collected from previous gaging station, the maximum discharge did have a greater floods has helped Federal, State, and local officials to develop than 100-year recurrence interval (table 3). The maximum infrastructure to withstand future flooding, a comparison discharge for the June 2006 flood recorded at the USGS of this flood with past floods gives a perspective on the stream-gaging station Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville was magnitude of this event that is not affected by changes in costs 28,100 ft3/s with a recurrence interval of less than 5 years. and labor practices over time. The recorded peak water-surface elevations and discharges during the June 26–29, 2006, flood at selected USGS stream-gaging stations were compared Delaware River Basin to those of several previous floods. The floods selected for comparison differed by basin because of the diverse In the Delaware River basin, peak discharges from topography and variable weather patterns typically found the June 2006 flood were compared to historic peaks from in New York. New York has eight physiographic regions, the floods of August 1955, January 1996, September 2004, excluding , and widely varied mean annual and April 2005 at selected USGS stream-gaging stations precipitation patterns (Randall, 1996) that at times can (table 4B). Prior to June 2006, the August 1955 flood was contribute to widely varied streamflow conditions. It is not considered by many to be the greatest flood that ever occurred uncommon in New York for one part of the state to experience along many reaches of the main stem of the Delaware River a major flood, while rivers and streams in other areas remain from Hancock, NY, to Trenton, NJ, as well as many parts of well below the NWS flood stage. southeastern New England. The flood of August 1955 was 54 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

2,500 1,210

Spillway crest elevation = 1,203 feet

Outflow 1,200 Water-surface elevation 2,000

1,190

1,500 1,180

1,170 1,000

1,160 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 500 1,150

0 1,140 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 7/2/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9C–1. Fifteen minute outflow and water-surface elevation at the East Sidney Lake, NY, June 26–July 1, 2006.

16,000 1,018

14,000 1,012 Spillway crest elevation = 1,010 feet

12,000 1,006

10,000 1,000

8,000 994

6,000 988

4,000 982 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 29 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

2,000 Tioughnioga River at Lisle, NY 976 Tioughnioga River at Itaska, NY Otselic River at Cincinnatus, NY Water-surface elevation, Whitney Point Lake 0 970 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE AND TIME

Figure 9C–2. Fifteen minute discharges at selected stream-gaging stations upstream and downstream of Whitney Point Lake and water-surface elevation at Whitney Point Lake, NY, June 26–30, 2006. Comparison of the 2006 Flood to Historic Floods 55

40,000 Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY

March 12−16, 1977 35,000 January 17−22, 1996 June 26−July 1, 2006

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 5,000

0 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 7/2/2006

DATE

140,000 Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY

March 12−17, 1977 120,000 January 17−22, 1996 June 26−July 1, 2006

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 20,000

0 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 7/2/2006

DATE

Figure 10A. Discharge hydrographs for selected historic floods at (1) the Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY, and (2) the Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY, stream-gaging stations. (Locations shown in fig. 4A.) 56 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Table 4A. Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods and the June 26–29, 2006, flood at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY.

[mi2, square miles; -- , no data available]

Drainage Peak elevations, in feet above NGVD 29; Station Station area peak discharges, in cubic feet per second number name (mi2) March 1977 January 1996 June 2006 01336000 Mohawk River below Delta Dam, near Rome, NY 152 476.05; 640 476.27; 804 479.73; 3,100 01346000 West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, NY 560 442.73; 2,850 445.81; 13,600 447.28; 21,800 01347000 Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY 1,342 328.01; 33,100 327.31; 30,700 328.56; 35,000 01348000 East Canada Creek at East Creek, NY 289 343.12; 13,300 344.02; 17,000 346.69; 31,500 01349150 Canajoharie Creek near Canajoharie, NY 59.7 -- -- 648.51; 3,280 650.50; 5,510 01351500 Schoharie Creek at Burtonsville, NY 886 515.87; 35,500 520.86; 81,600 514.95; 28,100 01357500 Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY 3,450 70.89; 112,000 71.81; 132,000 69.83; 96,400 fueled by two hurricanes that traveled up the east coast and for the August 1955 and June 2006 floods at selected sites over New York and southeastern New England. Hurricanes along the main stem of the Delaware River are shown in Connie and Diane hit the area about 1 week apart, and each figure 10B. dropped about 4 to 8 in. of rain over parts of southeastern New Upstream from the confluence of the East and West York. The USGS stream-gaging station Delaware River above Branches of the Delaware River in Hancock, recorded peak Lackawaxen River near Barryville, NY, (01428500) has been flows during the January 1996, September 2004, and April in operation since October 1940, and prior to the June 28, 2005 floods exceeded the August 1955 flood at several USGS 2006, peak of 151,000 ft3/s, the period-of-record maximum stream-gaging stations (table 4b). The Pepacton Reservoir is discharge was 130,000 ft3/s recorded during the August along the East Branch of the Delaware River just upstream 1955 flood (fig. 7B-10). The period-of-record maximum from Downsville. The Pepacton Reservoir began storage discharge at the USGS stream-gaging station Delaware operations on September 15, 1954. During the August 1955 River at Port Jervis (01434000), in operation since October flood, the USGS stream-gaging station East Branch Delaware 1904, is 233,000 ft3/s, which was recorded during the August River at Margaretville (01413500), upstream from the 1955 flood. The peak discharge for the June 2006 flood at Pepacton Reservoir, recorded a peak discharge of 9,990 ft3/s the Delaware River at Port Jervis stream-gaging station was flowing into the reservoir. The Pepacton Reservoir, which 189,000 ft3/s (fig. 7b–11). According to historic literature, was at 39 percent of capacity on August 1, 1955, stored all the highest flood prior to the October 1903 flood which was the runoff from the upstream contributing drainage area and estimated at 205,000 ft3/s at Port Jervis, was on January 8, as a result, the peak discharge recorded at the USGS stream- 1841 (Grover, 1937). The Lackawaxen and Mongaup Rivers gaging station East Branch Delaware River at Downsville and Shohola Creek are the larger tributaries between the near (01417000), immediately downstream from the Pepacton Barryville and Port Jervis stream-gaging stations, and the Reservoir, was only 620 ft3/s during the August 1955 flood. On Lackawaxen River accounts for 57 percent of the increase September 1, 1955, the water-level in the Pepacton Reservoir in drainage area between the two stream-gaging stations. had reached and elevation of about 1,159.6 ft (fig. 11), and During the August 1955 flood, the peak discharge at the USGS was at just over 50 percent of capacity after storing runoff stream-gaging station Lackawaxen River near Hawley, PA, from the back-to-back hurricanes that struck the region from (01431500) was 51,900 ft3/s, and during the June 2006 flood, August 11 to 20, 1955 (Bogart, 1960) During the January 1996 the peak discharge was 28,000 ft3/s. Inflow during the August flood the water level in the Pepacton Reservoir rose nearly 1955 flood, to the Delaware River between Barryville and 20 ft with an estimated inflow of greater than 50,000 ft3/s. Port Jervis can be estimated to be about 100,000 ft3/s, but On June 28, 2006, the water level in the Pepacton Reservoir during the June 2006 flood, the inflow was probably less than reached a new period-of-record maximum elevation of 40,000 ft3/s. The large difference in inflow to the Delaware 1,283.74 ft Prior to the construction of the Pepacton Reservoir, River between Barryville and Port Jervis during the August the period-of-record maximum discharge at USGS stream- 1955 flood and the June 2006 flood is mostly attributable to gaging station East Branch Delaware River at Downsville precipitation and runoff amounts and patterns but is also partly was 23,900 ft3/s, recorded on November 26, 1950. Farther attributable to the effects of Prompton Reservoir, General downstream at the USGS stream-gaging station East Branch Edgar Jadwin Reservoir, and Lake Wallenpaupack on flood Delaware River at Fishs Eddy (01421000), a peak discharge flows in the Lackawaxen River basin. Discharge hydrographs of 27,400 ft3/s was recorded during the August 1955 flood. Comparison of the 2006 Flood to Historic Floods 57

1,000,000 Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY, June 2006 Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY, August 1955 Delaware River above Lackawaxen River near Barryville, NY, June 2006 Delaware River above Lackawaxen River near Barryville, NY, August 1955 01431500 Lackawaxen River at Hawley, PA, June 2006 100,000 01431500 Lackawaxen River at Hawley, PA, August 1955

10,000

1,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

100 6/24/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE

Figure 10B. Discharge hydrographs for selected stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the June 2006 and August 1955 floods. (Locations shown in fig. 4B.)

Subsequent to the flood of August 1955, the floods of peak discharge recorded at the USGS stream-gaging station September 2004 and April 2005 were close in magnitude West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville (01425000), about along the East Branch of the Delaware River from Downsville 1.8 mi downstream from the Cannonsville Reservoir, during to Fishs Eddy. Peak discharges of 20,200 and 19,400 ft3/s were the January 1996 flood was 112 ft3/s. The water level in the recorded at the Downsville stream-gaging station during the reservoir rose nearly 23 ft from January 18 to 23, 4.0 in. of floods of 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 56,300 and 65,100 runoff was stored during this period, and the reservoir began 3 ft /s were recorded at the Fishs Eddy stream-gaging station to spill on January 25. The Catskill Mountain part of the New during the floods of 2004 and 2005, respectively. The recorded York City reservoir system (includes all six New York City 3 peak discharge for the June 2006 flood, 77,400 ft /s, was a reservoirs in the Catskill Mountians) stored about 95.5 billion new period-of-record maximum for the USGS stream-gaging gallons of floodwaters during January 18–23, 1996 (Lumia, station East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy since the 1998). Peak discharges of 15,200 and 17,500 ft3/s were stream-gaging station was put into operation in October 1912 recorded at the Walton and Hale Eddy stream-gaging stations ( fig. 7B–5). during the flood of September 2004. Peak discharges of Along the West Branch of the Delaware River, the 18,400 and 21,500 ft3/s were recorded at the Walton and Hale August 1955 flood produced peak discharges of 15,100 Eddy stream-gaging stations during the flood of April 2005, ft3/s at the Walton stream-gaging station (01423000) and 16,000 ft3/s downstream at the Hale Eddy stream-gaging whereas period-of-record peak discharges of 28,600 and 3 station (01426500). The Cannonsville Reservoir was 43,400 ft /s were recorded during the flood of June 2006 constructed and began operations on September 30, 1963. (figs. 7B–6, 7B–8). Prior to the June 2006 flood, the period-of-record maximum The June 2006 flood is the greatest flood since the flood discharge at the USGS stream-gaging station West Branch of October 1903 along the lower reach of the East Branch Delaware River at Walton was 25,000 ft3/s recorded on Delaware River from East Branch to Hancock, along the January 19, 1996. The Cannonsville Reservoir was at 65 middle and lower reaches of the West Branch Delaware percent of capacity prior to the January 1996 flood. The peak River from Walton to Hancock, and along the main stem inflow to the Cannonsville Reservoir was computed to be Delaware River from Hancock to the confluence with the about 35,000 ft3/s on January 19, 1996 (Lumia, 1998). The Lackawaxen River. 58 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York 2006 June 469.17; 10,300 977.39; 77,400 965.56; 43,400 402.08; 212,000 755.26; 144,000 629.19; 151,000 887.19; 28,000 436.82; 189,000 1,314.98; 13,600 1,106.96; 20,000 1,024.02; 22,100 1,009.95; 33,100 1,207.15; 28,600 1,172.25; 62,400 2005 April 472.06; 32,500 975.43; 65,100 960.58; 21,500 401.62; 206,000 752.86; 114,000 625.02; 118,000 884.24; 19,600 435.87; 166,000 1,315.22; 14,700 1,106.82; 19,400 1,023.73; 21,300 1,005.45; 14,800 1,204.75; 18,400 1,170.68; 50,800 urvey stream-gaging stations in the 2004 September 467.88; 6,870 959.29; 17,500 398.30; 168,000 752.21; 107,000 624.31; 112,000 883.49; 17,700 434.87; 151,000 977.36; 56,300 c 1,315.04; 13,900 1,107.00; 20,200 1,023.48; 20,600 1,004.06; 10,200 1,203.71; 15,200 1,169.37; 42,100 1996 January 468.52; 8,220 972.84; 53,000 957.97; 13,200 396.59; 149,000 998.87; 112 751.19; 95,600 622.40; 98,300 880.54; 12,700 433.72; 134,000 1,317.26; 25,800 1,099.87; 2,580 1,020.04; 12,200 1,206.66; 25,000 1,169.49; 42,900 Peak elevations, in feet above NGVD 29; peak discharges, cubic per second 13,300 16,000 e e 1955 August -- 472.15; 33,000 405.08; 250,000 959.13; 626.62; 130,000 893.80; 51,900 439.26; 233,000 966.25; 27,400 b 1,313.47; 9,990 1,098.72; 620 1,203.17; 15,100 1,163.14; 14,300 1,001.68; 1,018.40; 7,590 a d ) 2 (mi area 163 307 372 458 332 241 595 456 784 290 3,480 1,820 2,020 3,070 Drainage Station name Barryville, NY East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, NY East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, Neversink River at Godeffroy, NY Neversink River at Godeffroy, East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY Delaware River at Montague, NJ East Branch Delaware River at Harvard, NY West Branch Delaware River at Walton, NY Walton, Branch Delaware River at West Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, NY Delaware River at Callicoon, NY West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, NY Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, West West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, NY West East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, NY East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, Delaware River above Lackawaxen near Lackawaxen River at Hawley, PA Lackawaxen River at Hawley, Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods the June 26-29, 2006, flood at U.S. Geological S

, square miles; -- no data available] 2 At site 3,000 feet downstream. At site 600 feet downstream. At site 1,100 feet upstream. At site 0.3 mile upstream. Prior to construction of Cannonsville Reservoir. a b c d e Station number 01413500 01437500 01417000 01438500 01417500 01423000 01420500 01427510 01426500 01425000 01421000 01428500 01431500 01434000 Table 4B. Table Delaware River basin, NY. [mi Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 59

Susquehanna River Basin Peak Water-Surface Elevations at In the Susquehanna River basin, peak discharges from Flood Study Sites the June 2006 flood were compared to historic peaks from the floods of March 1936, June 1972, and April 2005 at selected Measurements of peak water-surface elevations USGS stream-gaging stations (table 4C). At the time, the were made at 104 sites along the Mohawk, Delaware, and March 1936 flood was the greatest flood of record in the Susquehanna Rivers. The study area in the Mohawk River upper reaches of the Susquehanna River basin (upstream basin includes study sites on the West and East Canada from Waverly, NY), except for part of the Chemung River Creeks and along the Mohawk River from below Delta Dam basin that was hit even harder by the flood of July 1935 near Rome east to Lock 9 at Rotterdam Junction (Grover, 1937). The June 1972 flood that resulted from heavy (fig. 12A). In the Delaware River basin, study sites were identified rains brought on by remnants of Hurricane Agnes produced on tributaries to the East Branch Delaware River, which record flooding along the Chemung River and throughout included the Little Beaver Kill, Willowemoc Creek, and the Susquehanna River basin downstream from Waverly. Beaver Kill. Study sites also were selected along the East Hurricane Agnes delivered more than 19 in. of rain from Branch Delaware River from Harvard to the confluence of the June 19–24, 1972, as it moved from the Gulf of Mexico East and West Branches of the Delaware River near Hancock. across Florida, then up the east coast through New York, into Along the West Branch Delaware River, study sites were Canada, and finally out to sea. Although many long-standing selected at points upstream from the Cannonsville Reservoir flood records were exceeded in six states and 122 people near Delhi to the confluence of the East and West Branches were killed as a result of this storm (National Oceanic and of the Delaware River below the Cannonsville Reservoir near Atmospheric Administration, 2002), peak discharges recorded Hancock. Study sites were not selected upstream from the during the July 1935 and March 1936 floods remained Pepacton Reservoir along the East Branch Delaware River greater than those of the June 1972 storm at many locations because several USGS stream-gaging stations in this area upstream from Waverly, along the Susquehanna, Chenango, generally indicated peak discharges had recurrence intervals and Tioughnioga Rivers. Discharge hydrographs for selected of 15 years or less. Study sites also were selected along the USGS stream–gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin main stem of the Delaware River from Hancock to Port Jervis for the March 1936, June 1972, and June 2006 floods are and along Callicoon Creek, a tributary to the Delaware River shown in figure 10C. The peak discharge at the USGS stream- (fig. 12B). gaging station Susquehanna River at Unadilla (01500500) In the Susquehanna River basin, study sites were was estimated to be about 31,300 ft3/s during the March 1936 selected along the Susquehanna River from Cooperstown, flood. Peak discharges recorded along the Chenango River at NY, downstream to Athens, PA. Sites also were selected the Sherburne (01505000) and Chenango Forks (01512500) along tributaries to the Susquehanna River, which included stream-gaging stations were 12,500 (estimated) and the Unadilla, the Tioughnioga, and the Chenango Rivers. 50,100 ft3/s, respectively (table 4C). The USGS stream-gaging Although these areas were devastated by floods in the past, stations on the Susquehanna River at Conkin (01503000) major flooding was not identified during June 27–29, 2006, and at Vestal (01513500) recorded peak discharges of along the Chemung River; therefore, study sites were not 61,600 and 107,000 ft3/s (estimated), respectively, during the selected along this major tributary to the Susquehanna River March 1936 flood, and 26,500 and 50,400 ft3/s, respectively, (fig. 12C). High-water marks at each site were flagged and during the June 1972 flood (figs. 7C–3, 7C–8). Several new surveyed to obtain peak water-surface elevations, and were period-of-record maximum discharges were recorded in referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of the Susuquehanna River basin as a result of the June 2006 1929 (NGVD 29). A data correction value used to convert flood. The USGS stream-gaging stations Susquehanna River elevations from NGVD 29 to North American Vertical Datum at Unadilla, at Conklin, and at Vestal recorded new period- of 1988 (NAVD 88) at each site was calculated by using the 3 of-record maximum discharges of 35,100 ft /s, 76,800, National Geodetic Survey (NGS) North American Vertical and 119,000 respectively, during the June 2006 flood. The Datum Conversion (VERTCON) Utility (National Oceanic Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY(01515000), stream- and Atmospheric Administration, 2006d). At sites associated gaging station is 1 mi downstream from the New York- with a bridge, high-water marks were obtained upstream and Pennsylvania state line and has been in operation since downstream from the structure when possible. February 1937. An estimated peak discharge, outside the The accuracy of high-water marks was rated subjectively period of record, of 128,000 ft3/s was determined from flood by field personnel as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,” or “poor,” profiles for the March 1936 flood. Coincidentally, a peak according to the guidelines of Benson and Dalrymple (1967). discharge of 128,000 ft3/s was recorded on June 28, 2006, “Excellent” means the reported high-water mark is considered and is considered the new period-of-record maximum for the within 0.02 ft of the true high-water elevation, “good” within Susquehanna River near Waverly stream-gaging station. 0.05 ft and “fair” within 0.10 ft; “poor” implies less than “fair” 60 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

140,000 Susquehanna River near Waverly, NY

120,000 June 21−27, 1972 June 24−July 3, 2006 100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 20,000

0 6/24/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 7/2/2006 7/3/2006 7/4/2006 DATE

90,000 Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY 80,000 March 16−23, 1936 June 24−July 3, 2006 70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

10,000

0 6/24/2006 6/25/2006 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 7/2/2006 7/3/2006 7/4/2006

DATE

Figure 10C. Discharge hydrographs for selected historic floods at (1) the Susquehanna River near averly,W NY, and (2) the Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY, stream-gaging stations. (Locations shown in fig. 4C.) Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 61 June 2006 832.85; 119,000 829.07; 8,320 766.48; 128,000 913.74; 27,100 866.06; 76,800 926.61; 12,400 885.37; 41,500 1,048.51; 11,400 1,014.97; 35,100 1,006.21; 23,100 1,095.87; 7,620 1,041.26; 8,100 urvey stream-gaging stations in the April 2005 828.36; 7,150 828.33; 97,000 764.84; 105,000 859.12; 49,400 928.40; 19,300 911.25; 20,800 911.25; 1,010.93; 20,500 1,047.94; 9,330 1,004.08; 13,900 1,098.99; 14,200 1,042.22; 12,200 885.97; 45,400 June 1972 65.20; 121,000 Peak elevations, in feet above NGVD 29; 926.35; 11,500 peak discharges, in cubic feet per second 829.97; 10,600 821.54; 50,400 853.93; 26,500 882.82; 26,200 907.08; 12,000 1,005.12; 6,140 1,046.73; 7,500 1,000.98; 6,640 1,095.39; 7,730 1,041.06; 5,530 31,300 12,500 a a 107,000 128,000 a a ------March 1936 829.82; 12,200 861.18; 61,600 929.88; 28,700 886.89; 50,100 765.36; 829.69; 1,013.85; 1,047.76; ) 2 593 185 520 982 292 263 147 730 (mi area 4,773 2,232 1,483 3,941 Drainage name Station Chenango River at Greene, NY Owego Creek near Owego, NY NY Waverly, Susquehanna River near Unadilla River at Rockdale, NY Susquehanna River at Unadilla, NY Tioughnioga River at Cortland, NY Tioughnioga Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY Chenango River at Sherburne, NY Otselic River at Cincinnatus, NY Tioughnioga River at Itaska, NY Tioughnioga Chenango River near Forks, NY NY Vestal, Susquehanna River at Peak elevations and peak discharges for selected historical floods the June 26-29, 2006, flood at U.S. Geological S

, square miles; -- no data available] Estimated. Station number 2 a 01511500 01507000 01514000 01515000 01502500 01500500 01509000 01503000 01505000 01510000 01512500 01513500 Table 4C. Table Susquehanna River basin, NY. [mi 62 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

1,180 1955 1,175 Spillway crest elevation = 1,280 feet 1,170 1,165 1,160 1,155 1,150 1,145 1,140 1,135 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD29 1,130 8/1/1955 8/11/1955 8/21/1955 8/31/1955 9/10/1955 9/20/1955 9/30/1955 10/10/1955 10/20/1955 10/30/1955 DATE

1,284 1996 Spillway crest elevation = 1,280 feet 1,280

1,276

1,272

1,268

1,264

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD29 1,260 1/24/1996 1/25/1996 1/26/1996 1/27/1996 1/28/1996 1/29/1996 1/30/1996 1/31/1996 DATE

1,286 2006

1,284

1,282

Spillway crest elevation = 1,280 feet 1,280

1,278 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD29 1,276 6/26/2006 6/27/2006 6/28/2006 6/29/2006 6/30/2006 7/1/2006 DATE

Figure 11. Water-surface elevation in the Pepacton Reservoir, NY, during August-October 1955, January 1996, and June 2006. Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 63

75° 73°45' Jefferson

Essex

43°45'

Lewis

Herkimer Warren

Hamilton

Washington

k

e Hinckley e Reservoir r

C

Delta Reservoir a d Poland a Rome n 1 a 2 C Saratoga 365 W 3 t 8 8 e s s Newport a t C E Oneida a Middleville 90 n Emmonsburg a 5 M d

o a 4

h Utica a C 6

w r Dolgeville

k e 169 e

k Little Falls Frankfort Fulton 10 11 13 9 7Riv HerkimerJacksonburg12 er Fultonville 19 East Creek 15 18 Amsterdam 51 14 17 28 Fort Plain 16 Tribes 20 21 Canajoharie Hill Cranesville 22 Montgomery 30 Rotterdam Madison 10 Junction 30A 90 Schenectady Cohoes

ek Cre Cobleskill Albany Otsego Schoharie

Albany Rensselaer NEW YORK Schoharie 42°30' Chenango Oneonta Gilboa

Delaware Sc Greene hoh arie Cre ek Broome Columbia EXPLANATION Mohawk River basin boundary

51 Road and number Ulster 15 High-water-mark site and number Dutchess Town or city Sullivan

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 12A. Locations of 22 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Mohawk River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Site numbers and flood data listed in table 5A.) 64 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

75° 42°30' EXPLANATION Otsego Schoharie Delaware River basin boundary Schoharie 97 Road and number Reservoir 46 High-water-mark site and number

Town or city 10

Sidney Delhi 41 Chenango De Lancey 28 206 Hamden 42 Delaware Greene r 43 e 45 iv Hawleys R Broome Walton re 46 44 wa ela Margaretville West Branch D Beerston NEW YORK 47 Stilesville Downsville Pepacton Cannonsville 30 Reservoir Deposit 48 Reservoir ver e Ri Ulster war Butternut 49 Harvardela D Grove Hale Eddy h East Branch 50 c an 36 r Beave Horton 17 t B r K Eas ill 31 40 37 33 Rockland 38 35 k 51 39 e 34 e Fishs 32 29Hazel r Hancock C

Eddy 28 c Peakville 30 26 Willowem o 27 Livingston Manor 57 Roscoe 25 Susquehanna 97 Morsston r. 24 D C Lordville n 23 e o 52 o Little 17 l c i Beaver a ll w a Callicoon Kill C ch r. Neversink a n Center C a n r o 52 Reservoir

r o W B 58 c . li e Hortonville l N e D N a e s C y Callicoon h v t 54 c b e B R n

e Wayne 56 a r r r s

r 191 B

r i

a i 55 . y E n

n 53 c v

h C Falls Mills k

L r e

Sullivan R e a PENNSYLVANIAe

c r Cochecton i k

k v 59 e a

w 17B r a Skinners Falls x Gen. Edgar e n Jadwin Reservoir 60 R i v Prompton e Reservoir r 61 Narrowsburg H 652 a

l

f w 42

M a

55 y o

97 B n

Lackawanna r g

o a

o u k p

dle Creek Mid R

i v

Lackawa River 62 e xen Barryville r 63 Minisink Ford r. Pond Eddy C 590 la Lake o h Sparrow o Orange h 64 S Bush 65 Lake 66Port

Wallenpaupack Jervis

. r Pike

84

C

k

c a Sussex p

u a p n e l l a 41°15' W

Luzerne Monroe NEW JERSEY Passaic Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 10 20 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 12B. Locations of 44 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Delaware River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Site numbers and flood data listed in table 5B.) Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 65

76°10' 75° Lewis EXPLANATION Susquehanna River basin boundary Hamilton Oswego 23 Road and number 83 High-water-mark site and number Town or city Oneida Herkimer Fulton

43¡ Cayuga Onondaga

20 Montgomery 67 Madison 12B C Unadilla h

e Forks n a 73 n g o

13 R Earlville 8

i 205 r v 81 e e v r i r Cortland R e v Cooperstown ic i l R Pittsfield se 23 t a O 68 l l 12 i New Berlin Milford T d i Otsego a o n u 82 Tompkins g U h Norwich South 88 n 69 23 i Chenango New Berlin og 74 13 a 83 Butternuts R Colliersville i Oxford Oneonta v Schoharie e r 75 85 23 86 84 79 Ouleou Whitney Otego t C r. Point 76 Rockdale 70 Lake 77 Brisben Sidney 87 East Sidney Lake 96B 78 206 71 28 Greene 88 Unadilla Bainbridge 89 Chenango Afton Delaware Schuyler Forks 72 90 206 Greene Tioga Nineveh Campville Johnson 91 79 100 City Dickinson Owego Vestal98 Broome 8 96 Chemung 101 97ha 80 92 Nichols 99 sque nna 95 Su Windsor 102 Ulster Conklin 17 NEW YORK

Sayre 103 94 Binghamton R 93 Athens 104 i v e r Susquehanna Great Bend 220 Depot 267 41¡50' Bradford Sullivan Susquehanna

PENNSYLVANIA Wayne

Lackawanna Wyoming

Sullivan Orange Pike Luzerne Sussex Lycoming NEW JERSEY Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 0 15 30 MILES Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18, North American Datum (NAD) 1983 0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 12C. Locations of 38 high-water-mark sites chosen for study in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, for the flood of June 26–29, 2006. (Site numbers and flood data listed in table 5C.) 66 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York accuracy. The high-water-mark description, photographs, elevations, respectively. There were only limited FEMA location (latitude and longitude), and location with respect to flood-insurance studies available along the Beaver Kill from a nearby bridge or other structure were documented and are Rockland (site 31) to Peakville (site 35). Peak water-surface presented in appendix 1. High-water-mark locations described elevations range from slightly lower than the 100-year flood- as “left bank” or “right bank” are in relation to an observer profile elevation in the upper reach to slightly higher than the facing downstream. 50-year flood-profile elevation at Peakville. Peak water-surface elevations for the June 2006 flood Peak water-surface elevations were compared to were compared with flood-profile elevations published FEMA flood-insurance study elevations for sites along the in FEMA flood-insurance studies (Federal Emergency East Branch Delaware River (fig. 12b) below the Pepacton Management Agency; 1976a–c, 1977, 1978a–b, 1979a–c, Reservoir in Harvard (site 36) to the confluence with the 1980a–b, 1981a–d, 1982a–f, 1983a–b, 1984a–b, 1985, West Branch Delaware River in Hancock (site 40). Peak 1986a–b, 1987a–g, 1988, 1990a–b, 1991a-b, 1992a–c, water-surface elevations were at the 10-year flood-profile 1993a–c, 1997, 1998a-b, 1999a–c, 2000, 2001a–b, 2002a–d). elevation in Harvard and at East Branch (site 37) but generally Peak water-surface elevations and published FEMA 10-, 50-, increased to about the 50-year flood-profile elevations, from 100-, and 500-year flood elevations are compiled in table 5. Fishs Eddy (site 38) to Hancock. FEMA flood-insurance Flood elevations at 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence studies are not available for all study sites along the West intervals and those determined for the flood of June 26–29, Branch Delaware River. Peak water-surface elevations were 2006, for selected sites in the Mohawk, Delaware, and between the 10- and 50-year flood-profile elevations in the Susquehanna River basins are plotted in figure 13. community of Delhi (site 41) and generally at the 100-year FEMA flood-insurance studies are not available for flood-profile elevation in the community of Walton (sites 45 all the communities studied along the West Canada Creek. and 46). Downstream from the Cannonsville Reservoir from The 100-year elevation was available for the communities Deposit (site 48) to Hale Eddy (site 50), the peak water- of Poland and Newport (sites 1–3). The peak water-surface surface elevations were higher than the 500-year flood-profile elevations for sites 1 and 2 were above the 100-year flood- elevations, and at Hancock (site 51) were at the 100-year profile elevation, and the peak water-surface elevation at profile. FEMA flood-insurance studies are not available for site 3 was just below the 100-year flood-profile elevation. A all study sites along Callicoon Creek. Along Callicoon Creek FEMA flood-insurance study is available for the community from Hortonville (site 54) to Callicoon (site 56), the peak of Dolgeville (site 6) along the East Canada Creek. Peak water-surface elevations were between the 100- and 500-year water-surface elevations upstream from State Route 29 in flood-profile elevations. Along the main stem of the Delaware Dolgeville were between the 50- and 100-year flood-profile River from Lordville (site 57) to Port Jervis (site 66), the peak elevations, and the peak water-surface elevation downstream water-surface elevations were generally between the 100- and from the Route 29 bridge was between the 100- and 500-year 500-year flood-profile elevations. Comparisons of peak water- flood-profile elevations. FEMA flood-insurance studies were surface elevations at selected study sites in the Delaware River available for most of the communities along the Mohawk basin between the September 2004 and the June 2006 floods River from Rome (site 8) to Rotterdam Junction (site 22). are shown in appendix 2. Peak water-surface elevations from Rome to Little Falls FEMA flood-insurance studies were only available for (site 12) were at or below the 10-year flood-profile elevation. limited study sites along the Unadilla and Tioughnioga Rivers. Peak water-surface elevations at Lock 17 in Little Falls Peak water-surface elevations along the Unadilla River at (site 13) and at Fort Plain (site 15) were generally between Rockdale (site70) and near Unadilla (site 71) were higher than the 100- and 500-year flood-profile elevations, but peak the 500-year flood-profile elevations. Along the Tioughnioga water-surface elevations at Lock 15 at Fort Plain (site 14), River at the USGS stream-gaging station at Cortland at Canajoharie (site 16), and at Fonda/Fultonville (site 17) (01509000), the peak water-surface elevation was slightly were all higher than the 500-year flood-profile elevations. lower than the 10-year flood-profile elevation and 2.8 ft lower Peak water-surface elevations from Amsterdam (site 19) to than the 100-year flood-profile elevation; at Chenango Forks Rotterdam Junction (site 22) were generally between the (site 72), the peak water-surface elevation is 3.3 ft lower than 10- and 50-year flood-profile elevations. the 100-year flood-profile elevation (100-year flood profile FEMA flood-insurance studies were available for most was the only available profile in this area). FEMA flood- study sites along the Little Beaver Kill, the Willowemoc, insurance studies were available for most study sites along the and the Beaver Kill. Peak water-surface elevations along Chenango River. The Chenango River is a major tributary that the Little Beaver Kill from Morriston (site 23) to Livingston joins the Susquehanna River in the City of Binghamton. The Manor (site 25) were generally at the 500-year flood-profile peak discharge at the Chenango River at Sherburne stream- elevations. Along the Willowemoc Creek from its confluence gaging station (01505000) had a recurrence interval of about with the Little Beaver Kill in Livingston Manor (site 27) 60 years. The peak water-surface elevation at the Chenango downstream to Roscoe ( site 30), the peak water-surface River at Route 32A in Norwich (site74) was between the elevations range from higher than the 500-year flood profile 10- and 50-year flood-profile elevations. Downstream at down to about equal to or just below the 50-year flood-profile Brisben (site 76), the peak water-surface elevation was Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 67 ------800.5 792.6 427.3 395.4 485.2 374.3 397.4 332.7 309.4 309.2 309.6 307.6 500-year flood ------702.0 686.2 649.0 797.6 791.5 426.3 394.1 483.9 373.3 395.9 331.2 306.7 306.6 306.2 305.1 100-year flood ------796.7 791.1 425.8 393.6 483.2 372.6 395.2 330.1 305.4 305.3 305.1 304.0 50-year flood FEMA flood elevations, in feet above NGVD 29 ------794.5 790.1 424.9 391.6 481.6 371.3 393.5 328.1 301.6 301.5 301.8 300.2 10-year flood Peak 373.49 702.44 689.75 648.16 635.86 570.17 566.57 796.96 792.07 329.75 328.19 422.05 387.81 447.28 479.73 371.10 346.69 388.61 332.10 328.56 312.26 308.46 308.55 308.45 in feet a a a a a a b b b b b b a998.18 b996.38 elevation, water-surface water-surface above NGVD 29, June 26-29, 2006 - - or Site name station name Poland, NY port, NY dleville, NY NY NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 18 at Jacksonburg, NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 18 Jacksonburg, East Canada Creek at State Route 5 Creek, NY West Canada Creek at State Route 28 (Creek Road) Poland, NY West West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, NY West Mohawk River below Delta Dam, near Rome, NY at Little Falls, NY Avenue Mohawk River at Southern West Canada Creek at County Route 200 (Old State Road) West Canada Creek at County Route 200 (Bridge Street) New West Canada Creek at State Route 28 (Bridge Street) Mid West East Canada Creek at Creek, NY Mohawk River at Marina Drive Frankfort, NY East Canada Creek at State Route 29 (State Street) Dolgeville, East Canada Creek at County Route 104 at Emmonsburg, NY East Canada Creek at County Route 104 Emmonsburg, Mohawk River at Harbor Way at Rome, NY Way Mohawk River at Harbor Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 17 Little Falls, NY Mohawk River at State Route 28 (Mohawk Street) at Herkimer, Mohawk River at State Route 28 (Mohawk Street) Herkimer, Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 15 Fort Plain, NY Mohawk River at Fort Plain, NY

-surface elevations at 22 high-water-mark sites and 5 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 5 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 22 high-water-mark 7.1 7.4 1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 9.1 6.1 6.2 5.1 5.2 8.1 mark 11.1 12.1 13.1 10.1 14.1 15.1 15.2 15.3 Selected high-water Peak water

1 2 3 4 9 6 5 7 8 or 11 12 13 10 14 15 Site station number number 01346000 01336000 01348000 01347000 Table 5A. Table June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c). --, no data available. Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency Locations are shown in figures 4a and 12a. Site descriptions given appendix 1.] 68 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York ------74.4 254.4 250.6 304.5 304.4 302.0 290.8 290.7 280.2 279.2 277.8 500-year flood ------72.8 250.9 247.0 301.7 301.6 299.7 288.6 288.6 277.9 276.9 274.8 100-year flood ------72.0 249.5 245.0 300.2 300.1 298.4 287.5 287.4 275.9 274.9 272.5 50-year flood FEMA flood elevations, in feet above NGVD 29 ------69.4 296.2 296.1 294.7 284.1 284.1 271.5 270.9 266.7 244.9 238.9 10-year flood 69.83 Peak 306.56 306.46 301.96 292.15 291.85 291.10 287.72 279.72 274.67 273.55 273.20 263.93 263.42 249.34 247.64 in feet elevation, water-surface water-surface above NGVD 29, June 26-29, 2006 or Site name station name Amsterdam, NY Mohawk River at Canajoharie, NY Mohawk River at Cohoes, NY Mohawk River at Fonda and Fultonville, NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 12 at Tribes Hill, NY Tribes Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 12 Mohawk River at State Routes 5 and 67 (West Main Street) at Mohawk River at State Routes 5 and 67 (West Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 11 at Amsterdam, NY Amsterdam, NY at Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 11 Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 10 Cranesville, NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 9 at Rotterdam Junction, NY Mohawk River at Erie Canal Lock 9 Rotterdam Junction, NY

-surface elevations at 22 high-water-mark sites and 5 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 5 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Mohawk River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 22 high-water-mark mark 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.1 17.2 17.3 18.1 18.2 19.1 20.1 20.2 21.1 21.2 22.1 22.2 Selected high-water Peak water

or 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Site station number number 01357500 Downstream from bridge. Upstream from bridge. a b Table 5A. Table June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c). --, no data available. Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency Locations are shown in figures 4a and 12a. Site descriptions given appendix 1.] Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 69 ------1,291.0 1,290.3 1,467.8 1,464.0 1,346.9 1,345.4 1,281.9 1,281.0 1,427.8 1,426.2 1,426.0 1,430.6 1,044.7 1,424.8 1,104.3 1,401.6 500-yearflood ------1,288.0 1,287.0 1,466.6 1,462.7 1,341.6 1,340.0 1,278.8 1,277.3 1,426.6 1,425.7 1,425.5 1,428.7 1,040.0 1,422.7 1,103.5 1,399.0 100-yearflood ------1,286.6 1,285.7 1,465.9 1,461.9 1,340.0 1,339.0 1,277.3 1,275.6 1,425.6 1,424.1 1,423.9 1,426.7 1,038.0 1,421.5 1,103.1 1,397.9 50-yearflood FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 ------1,461.6 1,460.1 1,337.0 1,336.6 1,283.0 1,282.3 1,272.3 1,271.6 1,423.7 1,421.3 1,421.1 1,422.8 1,033.7 1,419.0 1,101.4 1,395.8 10-yearflood 2006 Peak in feet 1,114.40 1,468.72 1,462.13 1,340.94 1,339.33 1,286.50 1,284.93 1,278.13 1,277.14 1,345.32 1,427.24 1,172.25 1,426.14 1,425.92 1,155.17 1,155.23 1,155.23 1,426.88 1,038.22 1,425.66 1,106.96 1,398.50 a a a a b b b b elevation, above NGVD water-surface water-surface 29, June26–29, - - or Site name station name NY Roscoe, NY ton Manor, NY ton Manor, ton Manor, NY ton Manor, Route 149 (Main Street) at Livingston Manor, NY Route 149 (Main Street) at Livingston Manor, NY Little Beaver Kill at County Route 146 (Dahlia Road) Morrston, Beaver Kill at Beaverkill Road near Rockland, NY Little Beaver Kill at County Route 178 (Old 17) Livings at Avenue) Creek at County Route 124 (Stewart Willowemoc Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, NY Beaver Kill at County Route 179A (Old Route 17) at Roscoe, NY Beaver Kill at County Route 179A Little Beaver Kill at Pearl Street at Livingston Manor, NY Little Beaver Kill at Pearl Street Livingston Manor, Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls Road Butternut Grove, NY Willowemoc Creek at County Route 149 (Main Street) Livings Willowemoc Beaver Kill at County Route 17 (Old 17) Horton, NY Beaver Kill at Peakville Road Peakville, NY Confluence of Willowemoc Creek and Little Beaver Kill at County Confluence of East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY Willowemoc Creek at Covered Bridge Road at Livingston Manor, Creek at Covered Bridge Road Livingston Manor, Willowemoc Willowemoc Creek at Hazel Road Hazel, NY Willowemoc -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark 23.1 23.3 31.1 24.1 30.1 30.2 32.1 32.3 25.1 25.2 33.1 33.2 26.1 34.1 35.1 27.1 28.1 29.3 29.4 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 23 31 24 30 32 25 33 26 34 35 27 28 29 Site station number number 01420500 01417000 able. Locations are shown in figures 4b and 12b. Site descriptions given appendix 1] Table5B. June 26-29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d). --, no data avail Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency 70 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York ------914.5 914.4 982.2 981.3 915.8 914.7 983.6 1,020.7 1,020.0 1,017.5 1,033.4 1,032.8 1,362.3 1,362.0 1,030.9 1,215.8 1,215.2 500-yearflood ------910.1 910.0 977.8 977.5 910.6 910.4 979.6 1,016.6 1,016.0 1,013.9 1,030.7 1,030.0 1,360.7 1,360.5 1,027.9 1,213.8 1,213.4 100-yearflood ------908.2 908.0 975.9 975.7 908.8 908.5 977.8 1,015.1 1,014.5 1,012.6 1,029.2 1,028.5 1,359.6 1,359.5 1,026.4 1,212.7 1,212.3 50-yearflood FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 ------903.7 903.5 971.6 971.5 904.1 903.9 973.8 1,011.1 1,010.7 1,009.4 1,026.3 1,025.3 1,357.4 1,357.2 1,023.3 1,209.1 1,208.5 10-yearflood 2006 975.32 973.97 908.53 908.38 908.38 907.95 977.39 Peak a a a b b b in feet 1,011.32 1,010.82 1,008.92 1,026.11 1,025.84 1,358.26 1,358.49 1,288.64 1,285.52 1,259.74 1,257.82 1,024.02 1,270.22 1,213.33 1,212.53 a a a a a b b b b b elevation, a,b above NGVD water-surface water-surface 29, June26–29, or Site name station name at Delhi, NY Hancock, NY NY Road) at De Lancey, NY Walton, at NY East Branch Delaware River at Harvard Road Harvard, NY West Branch Delaware River at State Route 28 (Kingston Street) West East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, NY East Branch Delaware River at Fishs Eddy, East Branch Delaware River at Downsville, NY East Branch Delaware River at State Route 97 Hancock, NY East Branch Delaware River at Norfolk Southern Railway Branch Delaware River at County Route 2 (Bagley Brook West Branch Delaware River at Mill Street Spur Hamden, NY West Branch Delaware River at State Route 10 (Delaware Street) West East Branch Delaware River at County Route 28 at Fishs Eddy, East Branch Delaware River at County Route 28 Fishs Eddy, East Branch Delaware River at State Route 17 and Old 17 at East Branch, NY Branch Delaware River at County Route 26 Hawleys, NY West -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark 36.2 36.3 41.1 41.2 39.1 39.4 40.2 40.3 42.1 42.4 43.1 45.1 45.2 38.1 38.2 37.1 37.2 37.4 44.4 44.6 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 36 41 39 40 42 43 45 38 37 44 Site station number number 01421000 01417500 able. Locations are shown in figures 4b and 12b. Site descriptions given appendix 1] Table5B. June 26-29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d). --, no data avail Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 71 ------990.4 989.8 965.3 964.7 913.9 913.6 792.0 761.0 873.4 761.9 761.7 964.7 760.7 1,213.3 1,212.0 1,207.3 500-yearflood ------989.1 988.4 963.9 963.3 910.3 909.9 790.0 756.2 866.6 757.0 756.8 963.3 756.0 1,211.7 1,171.1 1,169.7 1,210.3 1,205.7 100-yearflood ------988.6 987.8 963.4 962.8 908.8 908.5 789.0 754.3 863.5 751.5 751.2 962.8 754.1 1,210.7 1,209.3 1,204.8 50-yearflood FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 ------987.4 986.5 961.9 961.3 905.9 905.5 750.6 857.4 751.5 751.2 786.5 961.3 750.4 1,207.7 1,207.1 1,202.5 10-yearflood 2006 995.77 994.86 968.70 965.92 910.01 909.66 929.33 928.43 792.44 791.84 789.94 760.74 863.87 759.41 759.59 994.96 965.56 758.34 Peak a a a a a a a b b b b b b b b in feet 1,211.79 1,211.03 1,172.90 1,169.04 1,247.39 1,243.69 1,009.95 1,207.15 a a b b elevation, above NGVD water-surface water-surface 29, June26–29, - or Site name station name NY ware Street) at Walton, NY Walton, ware Street) at Center, NY Center, Route 17B at Hortonville, NY Road) and 56 at Hale Eddy, NY Road) and 56 at Hale Eddy, West Branch Delaware River at PA State Route 191 at Hancock, Branch Delaware River at PA West West Branch Delaware River at State Routes 10 and 206 (Dela West West Branch Delaware River at Stilesville, NY West Branch Delaware River at Front Street Deposit, NY West NY Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, West North Branch Callicoon Creek at County Route 125 East Branch Callicoon Creek at State Route 17B Falls Mills, NY Confluence of East and North Branches Callicoon Creek at State Callicoon Creek at State Route 97 Callicoon, NY Callicoon Creek at Creamery Road Callicoon, NY Delaware River at Bridge Street Callicoon, NY West Branch Delaware River at Walton, NY Walton, Branch Delaware River at West West Branch Delaware River at Oak Street Deposit, NY West Branch Delaware River at County Routes 4 (Sherman Creek West Delaware River at Lordville Road Lordville, NY West Branch Delaware River at State Route 10 Beerston, NY West -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark 51.3 46.1 46.2 49.1 51.1 51.3 53.1 53.2 54.1 54.2 54.3 55.1 56.1 58.1 58.2 48.1 48.2 50.1 50.3 51.1 57.1 47.1 47.5 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 46 49 52 53 54 55 56 58 48 50 51 57 47 Site station number number 01425000 01426500 01423000 able. Locations are shown in figures 4b and 12b. Site descriptions given appendix 1] Table5B. June 26-29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d). --, no data avail Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency 72 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York - 739.9 739.7 730.4 730.2 628.8 627.7 598.1 594.7 535.4 470.3 442.0 440.6 759.9 706.1 705.8 705.6 705.3 704.9 704.3 704.0 440.7 639.4 500-yearflood 734.1 733.9 722.8 722.4 619.8 619.5 590.0 586.4 528.0 464.2 436.6 435.3 755.1 697.8 697.3 697.0 696.5 695.7 695.0 694.6 435.4 630.6 100-yearflood 732.0 731.9 720.0 719.8 616.7 616.4 586.8 583.1 525.4 461.4 434.4 433.1 753.1 695.3 694.9 694.4 693.9 693.1 692.3 692.0 433.4 627.5 50-yearflood FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 727.7 727.6 714.3 714.1 610.2 609.9 580.5 576.4 520.4 456.1 430.2 429.1 749.3 689.4 689.0 688.5 688.0 687.1 686.2 685.7 429.3 620.5 10-yearflood 2006 735.07 733.56 725.36 724.34 622.64 621.34 591.12 588.49 527.78 464.87 438.67 437.39 755.26 698.16 696.61 695.75 695.58 695.01 692.29 691.91 436.82 629.19 Peak a a a a a a b b b b b b in feet elevation, above NGVD water-surface water-surface 29, June26–29, or Site name station name Jervis, NY Jervis, NY Minisink Ford, NY Delaware River at Callicoon, NY Delaware River at Skinners Falls West Road at Skinners Falls, NY West Delaware River at Skinners Falls NY Delaware River at Narrowsburg, State Route 434 at Barryville, NY Delaware River at PA NY Delaware River at County Route 41 Pond Eddy, NY Bush, Sparrow at Railway Southern Norfolk at River Delaware Delaware River at U.S. Routes 6 and 209 (Pike Street) Port Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY Delaware River at PA State Route 371 at Cochecton, NY Delaware River at PA Delaware River above Lackawaxen near Barryville, NY Delaware River at U.S. Routes 6 and 209 (Pike Street) Port Delaware River at County Route 168 (Roebling Bridge) -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, during the flood of sites and 10 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Delaware River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 44 high-water-mark 66.1 66.2 60.1 60.4 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 61.6 61.7 61.8 63.1 63.5 64.1 65.1 59.1 59.2 62.1 62.2 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 60 61 63 64 65 66 59 66 62 Site station number number 01427510 01434000 01428500 Downstream from bridge. Upstream from bridge. a b able. Locations are shown in figures 4b and 12b. Site descriptions given appendix 1] Table5B. June 26-29, 2006, and corresponding flood elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d). --, no data avail Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 73 ------915.3 848.4 987.5 997.7 930.0 913.2 913.2 889.8 856.0 flood 500-year 1,008.4 1,007.0 1,006.5 1,100.5 ------844.2 898.0 911.2 911.2 912.8 985.7 995.2 927.8 887.9 849.9 flood 1,194.3 1,194.3 100-year 1,007.2 1,006.0 1,005.6 1,098.7 ------841.7 911.6 985.1 994.4 927.1 910.3 910.3 887.1 846.7 flood 50-year 1,006.7 1,005.6 1,005.1 1,097.8 ------FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 909.4 908.4 908.4 885.1 842.0 838.0 982.7 992.8 925.5 flood 1,003.9 1,096.2 1,005.0 1,004.3 10-year 965.47 972.51 915.17 913.74 913.62 885.37 849.22 847.67 926.61 988.46 894.65 993.25 928.82 Peak a a in feet b b 1,006.21 1,095.87 1,048.51 1,158.27 1,088.68 1,055.03 1,009.23 1,006.69 1,071.51 1,197.34 1,196.94 1,165.11 elevation, a a a a b b b b b water-surface water-surface above NGVD 29, June26–29, 2006

Berlin, NY

Site name or station Cooperstown, NY Unadilla River at County Route 13 (Lake Street) New Unadilla River at County Route 18B (Forks Road) Forks, NY Unadilla River at State Route 23 South New Berlin, NY Unadilla River at County Route 1 (Lockwood Hill Road) Rockdale, NY Unadilla River at State Route 7 nothwest of Sidney near Unadilla, NY River at State Route 12 Chenango Forks, NY Tioughnioga Main Street) at Earlville, NY Chenango River at County Route 14 (West at Norwich, NY Chenango River at County Route 32A Chenango River at State Route 12 (South Canal Street) Oxford, NY Chenango River at County Route 32C (Bridge Street) Brisben, NY Chenango River at North Street Greene, NY Chenango River at South Street Greene, NY Chenango River at Otsiningo Park Dickinson, NY Chenango River at Front Street Binghamton, NY Susquehanna River at County Route 31 (Main Street) Susquehanna River at State Route 166 Milford, NY Unadilla River at Rockdale, NY River at Cortland, NY Tioughnioga River at Lisle, NY Tioughnioga Chenango River at Sherburne, NY Chenango River at Greene, NY Chenango River at Forks, NY Tioughnioga River at Itaska, NY Tioughnioga -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during the sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark 68.1 67.1 69.4 70.1 71.1 72.1 73.1 74.1 75.1 76.1 77.1 78.1 79.1 80.1 81.1 82.1 70.2 81.2 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 68 67 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Site station number number 01511500 01502500 01509000 01509520 01505000 01507000 01512500 Table5C. flood of June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000). --, no data available. Locations are shown in figures 4c and 12c. Site descriptions given appendix 1] 74 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York ------988.5 877.0 841.1 993.1 970.7 970.3 965.2 923.2 922.9 922.8 906.5 863.7 862.0 853.2 852.1 848.3 835.4 flood 500-year 1,083.4 1,082.1 1,064.0 1,056.7 1,015.0 -- 980.7 836.5 980.8 986.5 874.9 991.4 969.2 968.8 963.4 921.6 921.5 921.4 905.4 861.2 859.7 848.3 847.2 843.5 830.1 flood 100-year 1,081.7 1,080.2 1,062.8 1,054.9 1,013.7 ------985.9 834.2 874.0 990.6 968.3 968.0 962.7 920.9 920.7 920.6 904.6 859.8 858.2 846.2 845.1 841.5 828.9 flood 50-year 1,080.7 1,079.1 1,062.1 1,054.4 1,013.0 ------FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 988.5 983.9 918.6 857.3 855.8 842.3 837.6 830.3 824.6 960.6 903.1 966.4 966.2 918.7 918.5 871.3 841.3 flood 1,078.9 1,052.3 1,010.9 1,077.0 1,060.7 10-year 992.54 987.68 983.60 924.27 866.06 860.33 852.00 846.26 839.38 832.85 965.05 903.63 984.01 972.85 971.58 924.58 924.06 874.03 849.72 Peak a a a a in feet b b b 1,116.91 1,084.71 1,056.42 1,014.97 1,080.71 1,065.53 elevation, b b water-surface water-surface above NGVD 29, June26–29, 2006 PA

Site name or station Susquehanna River at State Route 7 Colliersville, NY Susquehanna River at Oneonta, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 205 Oneonta, NY Susquehanna River at Street Otego, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 7 northeast of Sidney near Unadilla, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 7 north of Sidney near Unadilla, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 206 (East Main Street) Bainbridge, NY Afton, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 41 (Maple Street) NY Windsor, Susquehanna River at County Route 28 (Chapel Street) NY Windsor, Susquehanna River at County Route 28 (Chapel Street) Susquehanna River at Exchange Street Depot, (Main Street) at Great Bend, PA Susquehanna River at U.S. Route 11 Susquehanna River at State Route 7 (Conklin Road) Conklin, NY Susquehanna River at Binghamton, NY Susquehanna River at Front Street Binghamton, NY NY at Johnson City, Avenue Susquehanna River at Grand Susquehanna River at Unadilla, NY Susquehanna River at Bainbridge, NY NY Windsor, Susquehanna River at Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY NY Vestal, Susquehanna River at Susquehanna River at State Route 7 Nineveh, NY -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during the sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark 83.1 84.1 85.1 86.1 87.1 88.1 89.1 90.2 91.1 92.1 92.2 93.1 94.1 95.1 96.1 97.1 98.1 84.2 90.4 96.2 mark Selected high-water Peak water

or 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Site station number number 01500500 01502632 01502731 01503000 01513500 Table5C. flood of June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000). --, no data available. Locations are shown in figures 4c and 12c. Site descriptions given appendix 1] Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 75 825.5 819.8 817.7 817.6 798.6 771.0 770.2 766.2 flood 500-year 822.0 816.7 815.0 814.9 794.8 768.4 767.7 763.6 flood 100-year 820.0 814.6 812.6 812.5 793.1 767.0 766.3 762.2 flood 50-year FEMA flood elevations ,in feet above NGVD 29 816.4 812.0 809.3 809.2 789.6 763.9 763.2 759.5 flood 10-year 821.77 814.81 812.54 812.24 795.01 767.48 766.48 764.19 Peak in feet elevation, water-surface water-surface above NGVD 29, June26–29, 2006 Site name or station Susquehanna River at Kinney Road Campville, NY Susquehanna River at State Route 17C (5th Avenue) at Owego, NY Avenue) Susquehanna River at State Route 17C (5th Street at Owego, NY William Susquehanna River at Susquehanna River at State Route 17 Nichols, NY Susquehanna River at Riverside Drive Sayre, PA Athens, PA Susquehanna River at Riverside Drive Susquehanna River at Owego, NY NY Waverly, Susquehanna River near -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during the sites and 14 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, -surface elevations at 38 high-water-mark 99.1 mark 100.1 101.1 102.1 103.1 104.1 Selected high-water Peak water

or 99 100 101 102 103 104 Site station number number Downstream from bridge. Upstream from bridge. 01513831 01515000 a b Table5C. flood of June 26–29, 2006, and corresponding elevations for 10-, 50-, 100-, 500-year flood-recurrence intervals. Agency (FEMA, 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, Management [Recurrence-interval elevations are from the Federal Emergency 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000). --, no data available. Locations are shown in figures 4c and 12c. Site descriptions given appendix 1] 76 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Mohawk River basin Mohawk River basin flood elevations flood elevations

650 706

702 649

698

648 694

690 647 686 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 682 646 1 2 2.5 3 3.5

802 430

801 429

800 428

799 427 426 798 425 797 424

, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 , 796 N 423 795 422 794 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 421

793 420 5.5 6 5.6 7.5 8 8.5 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware Riv er flood elev ations elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level 1120.0 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1070.0 elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1060.0

1999a, b; 2001a;10 2002b, c) 11 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite number elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13A. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 77

Mohawk River basin Mohawk River basin flood elevations flood elevations

399 377

397 376

395 375

393 374

391 373

389 372

387 371 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION,

385 370 9 01 11.5 12 12.5 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

334 314

333 312

332 310 331 308 330 306

N FEET ABOVE NGVDN 29 FEET 329 304 328

327 302 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION,

326 300 12.5 13 13.5 13.5 14 14.5 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware Riv er flood elev ations elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level 1120.0 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1070.0 elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1060.0

1999a, b; 2001a;10 2002b, c) 11 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite number elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13A. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.)­­ 78 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Mohawk River basin Mohawk River basin flood elevations flood elevations

312 282 310 281 308 280 306 279 304 302 278 300 277 298 276 296 275 294 274 292 273 290 288 272 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 286 271 284 270 51 61 71 91 02 SITE NUMBER

256 255 254 253 252 251 250 249 248 247 , IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD 29 FEET , 246 245 244

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 243 242 21.5 22 22.5 SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware Riv er flood elev ations elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level 1120.0 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1070.0 elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1060.0

1999a, b; 2001a;10 2002b, c) 11 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite number elevation (FEMA 1979a; 1982b, c, d, e, f; 1983b; 1984b; 1987d; 1991a; 1998b; 1999a, b; 2001a; 2002b, c) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13A. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Mohawk River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.)­­ Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 79

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

1,470 1,432 1,431 1,469 1,430 1,468 1,429 1,467 1,428 1,427 1,466 1,426 1,465 1,425 1,424 1,464 1,423 1,463 1,422 1,462 1,421 1,420

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,461 1,419 1,460 1,418 22.5 23 23.5 24 25 26 27

1,402 1,348

1,401 1,346

1,400 1,344

1,399 1,342

1,398 1,340

N, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD 29 FEET N, 1,3971 397 11,338 338 O

1,396 1,336 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION,

1,395 1,334 27.5 28 28.5 28.5 29 29.5

SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ 80 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

1,292 1,283

1,291 1,282 1,281 1,290 1,280 1,289 1,279 1,288 1,278 1,287 1,277

1,286 1,276 1,275 1,285 1,274 1,284 1,273 1,283 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,272 1,282 1,271 29.5 30 30.5 31.5 32 32.5

1,045 1,022

1,043 1,021 1,020 1,041 1,019 1,039 1,018 1,037 1,017 1,035 1,016

1,033 1,015 1,014 , IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 , 1,0311,031 N 1,013 1,029 1,012 1,027

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,011 1,025 1,010 53 63 36.5 37 37.5 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.)­­v Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 81

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

918 983 916 981 914 979 912 977 910

975 908

973 906

971 904 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 969 902 37.5 38 38.5 93 04

1,364 1,217

1,216 1,363 1,215 1,362 1,214 1,361 1,213

1,360 1,212

1,359 1,211

, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 , 1,210 N 1,358 1,209 1,357 1,208 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,356 1,207 40.5 41 41.5 54 64 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ 82 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

1,175 998 997 1,174 996 1,173 995 994 1,172 993 1,171 992 1,170 991 990 1,169 989 1,168 988 987 1,167

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 986 1,166 985 46.5 47 47.5 47.5 48 48.5

970 915 969 914

968 913

967 912 966 911 965 910 964 909 963 , IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ,

N 908 962 961 907 906

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 960 959 905 49.5 50 50.5 50.5 51 51.5 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 83

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

793 764

762 792 760 791 758 790 756

789 754

788 752 750 787 748 786

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 746

785 744 53.5 54 54.5 55 65

874 764 760 872 756 870 752 748 868 744 866 740 864 736 732 862

N, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD 29 FEET N, 728 O 860 724 720 858

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 716 856 712 56.5 57 57.5 58 59 60

SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ 84 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Delaware River basin Delaware River basin flood elevations flood elevations

708 600 598 698 596 688 594 678 592 668 590 588 658 586 648 584 638 582 628 580 578 618 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 576 608 574 16 26 62.5 63 63.5

536 470

534 466

532 462 458 530 454

528 450

526 446 , IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ,

N 442 524 438 522 434 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 520 430 63.5 64 64.5 56 66 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION 500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware elevation River (FEMA flood 1978b; elevations 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1120.0 1993b;1080.01100.0 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) 50-year1060.0 flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c;10 2001b; 2002a, d) 11 12 10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite elevationnumber (FEMA 1978b; 1979c; 1985; 1987a, b, c, e; 1988; 1990a, b; 1991b; 1993b; 1999c; 2001b; 2002a, d) above sea sea level above Junefeetin Elevation, 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13B. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood-insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 85

Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin flood elevations flood elevations

1,010 990

989 1,009 988 1,008 987

1,007 986

985 1,006 984 1,005 983 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,004 982 69.5 70 70.5 70.5 71 71.5

910 999

998 905 997 900 996

895 995

994 890 , IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ,

N 993 885 992 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 880 991 71.5 72 72.5 73.5 74 74.5

SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware River flood elevations elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level

1987f, g; 1992a1120.0 ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 1070.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1060.0 elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b,10 c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a;11 2000) 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite numberelevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13C. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood- insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) 86 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin flood elevations flood elevations

932 916

931 915

930 914

929 913

928 912

927 911

926 910

925 909 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION,

924 908 75.5 76 76.5 77 87

857 1,200 855 1,199

853 1,198

851 1,197 849 1,196 847 1,195 845 1,194 843

, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 , 1,193

N 841 839 1,192 837 1,191 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 835 1,190 97 08 80.5 81 81.5

SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware River flood elevations elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level

1987f, g; 1992a1120.0 ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 1070.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1060.0 elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b,10 c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a;11 2000) 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite numberelevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13C. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood- insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 87

Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin flood elevations flood elevations

1,086 1,058 1,084 1,082 1,057 1,080 1,056 1,078 1,076 1,055 1,074 1,054 1,072 1,070 1,053 1,068 1,066 1,052 1,064 1,051 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 1,062 1,060 1,050 48 58 85.5 86 86.5

994 974

992 972

970 990 968 988 966 986 964

N, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD 29 FEET N, 984 962

982 960 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 980 958 87 88 89 09 19

SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware River flood elevations elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level

1987f, g; 1992a1120.0 ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 1070.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1060.0 elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b,10 c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a;11 2000) 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite numberelevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13C. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood- insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) ­­ 88 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin flood elevations flood elevations

925 878 923 877 921 876 919 917 875 915 874 913 911 873

909 872 907 871 905 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 903 870 29 39 93.5 94 94.5

864 842 862 840 860 838 858 836 856 834 832 854 830 852 828 850 826 848 824 846 822

, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 , 844 820 N 842 818 816 840 814 838 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 812 836 810 95 96 97 98 99 100 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware River flood elevations elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level

1987f, g; 1992a1120.0 ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 1070.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1060.0 elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b,10 c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a;11 2000) 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite numberelevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13C. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood- insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.) Peak Water-Surface Elevations at Flood Study Sites 89

Susquehanna River basin Susquehanna River basin flood elevations flood elevations

820 772

816 770

812 768

808 766

804 764

800 762

796 760

792 758 ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVEIN NGVD FEET 29 ELEVATION, 788 756 101 201 301 401 SITE NUMBER SITE NUMBER

EXPLANATION

500-year flood-recurrence-intervalEast Branch Delaware River flood elevations elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 100-year flood-recurrence-interval elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; Elevation, Elevation, feet in above sea level

1987f, g; 1992a1120.0 ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) 1110.0 1100.0 1090.0 1080.0 1070.0 50-year flood-recurrence-interval1060.0 elevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b,10 c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a;11 2000) 12

10-year flood-recurrence-intervalSite numberelevation (FEMA 1976a, b, c; 1977; 1978a; 1979b; 1980a, b; 1981a, b, c, d; 1982a; 1983a; 1984a; 1986a, b; 1987f, g; 1992a ,b, c; 1993a, c; 1997; 1998a; 2000) June 26-29, 2006, peak water-surface elevation (US Geological Survey)

Figure 13C. Peak water-surface elevations at selected sites in the Susquehanna River basin, NY, during flood of June 26–29, 2006, and flood-recurrence-interval elevations from Federal Emergency Management Agency flood- insurance studies. (Site names and locations are shown in table 5.)­ 90 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York between the 100- and 500-year flood-profile elevations. At Conklin (site 95) downstream through the City of Binghamton Greene (sites 77 and 78), the peak water-surface elevations (sites 96 and 97) to Johnson City (site 98) were determined to were near the 500-year flood-profile elevations, and at the be between the range of the 100- and 500-year flood-profile Chenango River at Greene stream-gaging station (01507000), elevations. At the Susquehanna River at Vestal stream-gaging the recorded peak water-surface elevation was near the 500- station (01513500), the recorded peak water-surface elevation year flood profile. The peak discharge at the Chenango River was between the 100- and 500-year flood profiles, and the at Greene stream-gaging station has a recurrence interval of peak discharge indicated a recurrence interval of greater greater than 100 years. At the USGS stream-gaging station than 100 years. Peak water-surface elevations in the area of Chenango River at Chenango Forks (01512500), 1.2 mi Campville, NY, (site 99) downstream through sites 100 to 103 downstream from the confluence with the Tioughnioga River, to Athens, PA, (site 104) in general were determined to be the recorded peak water-surface elevation was in the range in the range of the 50- and 100-year flood-profile elevations. of the 10-year flood profile and the peak discharge indicated At the Susquehanna River at Waverly stream-gaging station about a 20-year recurrence interval, but farther downstream (01515000), the recorded peak water-surface elevation was at Dickinson (site 79) and at Binghamton (site 80), the peak slightly higher than the 50-year flood profile, and the peak water-surface elevations were in the range of the 100-year discharge indicated a recurrence interval of 40 years and the 500-year flood-profile elevations, respectively. These higher peak water-surface elevations at sites 79 and 80 were primarily because of backwater from the Susquehanna River. The Susquehanna River was studied from Cooperstown, Flood Damage NY, (site 81) downstream to Athens, PA (site 104). FEMA flood-insurance studies were available for most study A state of emergency was declared by officials in several sites along the study reach of the Susquehanna River. The towns in the 12 counties that were declared Federal disaster 100-year flood profile was the only profile available for areas after the severe flooding of June 26–29, 2006. Hundreds the Cooperstown study site (site 81), and the peak water- of residents that live near the East Canada Creek and the surface elevation was higher than the 100-year flood-profile Mohawk River were asked to evacuate their homes because elevation. Peak water-surface elevations from Oneonta (site of the flooding. On June 28, 2006, the New York State Canal 84) to Otego (site 86) were generally equal to or higher than Corporation closed the Erie Canal system from Lock 2 west the 500-year flood-profile elevation. Along the Susquehanna to Lock 22 and the entire system because River near the communities of Unadilla and Sidney (sites 87 of high water. Among the damages caused by the flood in the and 88), the peak water-surface elevations were generally Mohawk River basin are the collapse of a historic restaurant in between the 100- and the 500-year flood-profile elevations. Dolgeville into the East Canada Creek on June 28, damage to At the Susquehanna River at Unadilla stream-gaging station several of the New York State Canal Corporations locks along (01500500), the recorded peak water-surface elevation was at the Erie Canal, and millions of dollars in damage to the Beech- the 500-year flood-profile elevation, and the peak discharge Nut Nutrition Corporation’s facilities in Canajoharie and Fort indicated a recurrence interval greater than 100 years (table 3). Plain (Daily Gazette, 2008). Many of the communities that The 100-year flood profile was the only profile available experienced major flooding in the recent September 2004 and for the Bainbridge area. At Bainbridge (site 89), the peak April 2005 floods in the Delaware River basin were flooded water-surface elevation was 3.2 ft higher than the 100-year again during June 2006. At least 1,000 residents were asked to flood-profile elevation. The Susquehanna River at Bainbridge evacuate the City of Port Jervis by June 28. The community stream-gaging station (01502632) recorded a peak water- of Livingston Manor was flooded by tributaries to the East surface elevation that was 2.9 ft higher than the 100-year Branch of the Delaware River. Local officials indicated that flood-profile elevation and a peak discharge that indicated a the flood hit the community suddenly, and many residents recurrence interval of greater than 100 years. Downstream had to be rescued from their homes by emergency personnel in the communities of Afton (site 90), Nineveh (site 91), and (Times Herald Record, 2006). The flood of June 2006 was Windson (site 92), the peak water-surface elevations were blamed for four deaths across New York, one of which was equal to or higher than the 500-year flood-profile elevations. that of a 15 year-old girl in Livingston Manor who was swept Peak water-surface elevations at Susquehanna Depot, PA, away from her front porch as she waited to be rescued and (site 93) and Great Bend, PA, (site 94) were generally in the front section of her home collapsed into the floodwaters the range of the 50-year flood profile. The USGS stream- of Cattail Brook, a tributary to the Willowemoc Creek (Times gaging station Susquehanna River at Conklin (01503000) Herald Record, 2006) in the morning of June 28. recorded a peak water-surface elevation that was greater In the Susquehanna River basin three people died during than the 500-year flood profile at its location, and the peak the morning of June 28 as a result of the flooding. One man discharge indicated a recurrence interval greater than 100 perished when his truck plunged into White Stone Brook, years. Peak water-surface elevations in the communities of a tributary to the Unadilla River, when the culvert under Acknowledgements 91

Holmesville Hill Road in the Town of Norwich washed out. of roadway were closed, and many homes were damaged or Two men lost their lives when their tractor trailers plunged lost as a result of this flood.The Department of Homeland into Carrs Creek, a tributary to the Susquehanna River, when Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency (Federal the culvert under Interstate Route 88 in the Town of Sidney Emergency Management Agency, 2006) announced that a washed out (fig 14A). Along the banks of the Susquehanna major disaster had been declared for New York to supplement River, several communities were inundated, and the City of state and local recovery efforts in the areas struck by severe Binghamton was not spared from the flooding (fig. 14B). Four storms and flooding that began on June 26, 2006. Twelve to five thousand residents were evacuated, many roads were closed, including State Route 17 in both directions, and several counties in New York were named in the disaster declaration, thousand residents were left without power. Several days later and by December 29, 2006, FEMA had announced that on July 1, boil water advisories remained in effect for several families, individuals, businesses, and public entities had towns including the towns of Union, Windsor, and Vestal, received more than $227 million in assistance from FEMA, NY. More than 15,500 individuals had applied for assistance the Small Business Administration, and the State of New York by September 1, 2006, and FEMA announced that families, for damages not covered by insurance and for state and local individuals, and businesses who were adversely affected by agencies to repair flood damages andrebuild infrastructure the flooding in June 2006 had received more than $112 million damaged during the flood . in assistance from FEMA, the Small Business Administration, This report studied 104 sites in the combined Mohawk, and the State of New York (Federal Emergency Management Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins. Peak water-surface Agency, 2006). On December 29, 2006, FEMA announced elevations were surveyed and compared to flood-profile that the amount of disaster assistance approved for New York families, businesses, and public entities had been increased elevations in the flood-insurance studies published by FEMA. to more than $227 million. Photographs of flood damage to Peak water-surface elevations at many of the study sites selected areas in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna were determined to be greater than the 100-year flood-profile River basins are shown in appendix 3. elevations, and some were determined to be greater than the 500-year flood-profile elevations. Along the Delaware River, the peak discharge during the June 2006 flood was greater Summary than that from the August 1955 flood at the USGS stream- gaging station at Delaware River above Lackawaxen River Extended heavy rains that spread south to north across near Barryville, NY; and at the USGS stream-gaging stations southern New York produced widespread rainfall amounts on the Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY, and Montague, NJ, of 5 to 6 in. and localized reports of greater than 13 in. in the peak discharges were the highest since 1955. The June several areas in New York. Prior to June 2006, streamflow 2006 flood produced greater peak discharges/ than the March conditions in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna 1977 flood along parts of the Mohawk River and greater than River regions were generally in the normal to dry range. the July 1935 and March 1936 floods in parts of the upper Rainfall from this storm produced new period-of-record peak Susquehanna River basin in New York. water-surface elevations and discharges at several USGS stream-gaging stations, including those at Mohawk River at Little Falls, West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, and Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY. These stations and Acknowledgements several others also recorded peak discharges that exceeded the 100-year recurrence interval as a result of this storm. Thanks are extended to the New York State Department Prior to the June 2006 flood, the Hinckley Reservoir was at of Transportation for cooperating with the USGS to compute 93 percent of capacity, and the Cannonsville and Pepacton updated flood frequencies for the stream-gaging stations, Reservoirs were both at 101 percent of capacity. East Sidney and to the National Weather Service and New York City and Whitney Point Lake, flood-control reservoirs operated by Department of Environmental Protection for providing data the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, were at 10 and 15 percent included in this report. Thanks also are extended to the of capacity, respectively, prior to the storm. Although most of following USGS hydrologists and hydrologic technicians the reservoirs in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins did eventually spill, with the exceptions of who collected the data for this report during and after the Whitney Point Lake, Prompton Reservoir, and General Edgar flood: L.T. Brooks, W.F. Coon, A.M. Gearwar, J.S. Grover, Jadwin Reservoir, they all managed to attenuate the flood M.E. Hendricks, T.F. Hoffman, M.B. Jennings, R. Lumia, magnitude to downstream communities. Four lives were lost, J.P. Marion, K. McGrath, S.K. McInnes, A.G. Morgan, K.D. thousands of people were asked to evacuate, hundreds of miles Reisig, J.E. Smith, M.J. Welsh, H.J. Zajd, and B.J. Zatorsky. 92 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Figure 14A. Top–Collapse of Interstate Route 88 over Carrs Creek near Unadilla (Exit 10), NY, on June 28, 2006. Bottom–Carrs Creek and washed-out culvert at Interstate Route 88 near Unadilla (exit 10), NY, on June 28, 2006. Photos courtesy of The Daily Star, taken by staff photographer Julie Lewis. Summary 93

Figure 14B. Top–Susquehanna River floodwaters overtop floodwall along North Shore Drive, Binghamton, NY, on June 28, 2006. Photo courtesy of Alan A. Katz. Bottom—Susquehanna River floodwaters overflow Washington Street pedestrian bridge, Binghamton, NY, on June 28, 2006. Photo courtesy of James Willis. 94 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

Selected References Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1978b, Flood Insurance Study, Village of Deposit, Broome and Delaware Counties, New York: Federal Emergency Management Bailey, J.F., and others, 1975, Hurricane Agnes rainfall Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1978, 17 p. and flood, June–July 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 924, 403 p. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1979a, Flood Insurance Study, City of Cohoes, Albany County, New Benson, M.A., and Dalrymple, Tate, 1967, General field and York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal office procedures for indirect discharge measurements: Insurance Administration, 1979, 25 p. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1979b, Flood Investigations, book 3, chap. A1, 30 p. Insurance Study, Township of Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Binghamton, City of, New York, 2006, City of Binghamton- Federal Insurance Administration, 1979, 25 p. Flood Updates: June 2006 Flood, accessed June 4, 2008, at http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/flood.asp Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1979c, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Sanford, Broome County, New Bogart, D.B., 1960, Floods of August–October 1955 New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal England to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Insurance Administration, 1979, 20 p. Supply Paper 1420, 854 p. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1980a, Flood Brooks, L.T., 2005, Flood of September 18–19, 2004 in the Insurance Study, Borough of Susquehanna Depot, Upper Delaware River Basin, New York: U.S. Geologcial Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania: Federal Emergency Survey Open-File Report 2005-1166, 123 p. Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1980, 15 p. Broome County, New York, 2006, News release archives June 2006: accessed June 4, 2008, at http://www. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1980b, Flood gobroomecounty.com/press/PressArchives2006.php Insurance Study, Township of Great Bend, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania: Federal Emergency Management Daily Gazette, 2008, Town OKs Beech-Nut plan: Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1980, 18 p. Schenectady, N.Y., May 16, 2006, accessed June 4, 2008, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1981a, Flood at http://www.dailygazette.com/news/2008/may/16/0516_ Insurance Study, Town of Fenton, Broome County, New beech/. York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1976a, Flood Insurance Administration, 1981, 20 p. Insurance Study, Town of Dickinson, Broome County, New Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1981b, Flood York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Study, Town of Greene, Chenango County, New Insurance Administration, 1976, 14 p. York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1981, 20 p. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1976b, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Conklin, Broome County, New Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1981c, Flood York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Study, Village of Greene, Chenango County, New Insurance Administration, 1976, 17 p. York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1981, 20 p. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1976c, Flood Insurance Study, City of Binghamton, Broome County, New Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1981d, Flood York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Study, Town of Nichols, Tioga County, New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1976, 18 p. Insurance Administration, 1981, 17 p. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1977, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982a, Flood Insurance Study, Village of Johnson City, Broome County, Insurance Study, Village of Owego, Tioga County, New New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Federal Insurance Administration, 1977, 14 p. Insurance Administration, 1982, 15 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1978a, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982b, Flood Insurance Study, City of Oneonta, Otsego County, New Insurance Study, Village of Fultonville, Montgomery York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal County, New York: Federal Emergency Management Insurance Administration, 1978, 20 p. Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1982, 15 p. Selected References 95

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982c, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987b, Flood Insurance Study, Village of Canajoharie, Montgomery Insurance Study, Town of Colchester, Delaware County, County, New York: Federal Emergency Management New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1982, 16 p. Federal Insurance Administration, 1987, 16 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982d, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987c, Flood Insurance Study, Village of Fonda, Montgomery County, Insurance Study, Town of Highland, Sullivan County, New New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Federal Insurance Administration, 1982, 16 p. Insurance Administration, 1987, 14 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982e, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987d, Flood Insurance Study, Village of Dolgeville, Herkimer and Fulton Insurance Study, Town of Glenville, Schenectady County, Counties, New York: Federal Emergency Management New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1982, 18 p. Federal Insurance Administration, 1987, 18 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1982f, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987e, Flood Insurance Study, City of Little Falls, Herkimer County, New Insurance Study, Town of Cochecton, Sullivan County, New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1982, 17 p. Insurance Administration, 1987, 14 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1983a, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987f, Flood Insurance Study, City of Cortland, Cortland County, New Insurance Study, Town of Unadilla, Otsego County, New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1983, 15 p. Insurance Administration, 1987, 15 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1983b, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1987g, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Rotterdam, Schenectady County, Insurance Study, Village of Unadilla, Otsego County, New New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Federal Insurance Administration, 1983, 19 p. Insurance Administration, 1987, 13 p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1984a, Flood Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1988, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Norwich, Chenango County, New Insurance Study, Town of Walton, Delaware County, New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal York: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration, 1984, 18 p. Insurance Administration, 1988, 14 p.

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Lumia, Richard, 2006, Magnitude and frequency of floods n Randall A.D., 1996, Mean annual runoff, precipitation and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations evapotranspiration in the glaciated northern , Report 2006–5112, 152 p. 1951–80: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2002, 96–395, 2 pls. National Climatic Data Center Climate Watch June Roland M.A., and Stuckey, M.H., 2007, Analysis of flood- 2002: Asheville, N.C., accessed February 5, 2007, at http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2002/june/ magnitude and flood-frequency data for streamflow-gaging extremes0602.html stations in the Delaware and North Branch Susquehanna River basins in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006a, Open-File Report 2007–1235, 21 p. Climatological Data, New York, June 2006: Asheville, N.C., National Climatic Data Center, v. 118, no. 06, 33 p. Schopp, R.D., and Firda, G.D., 2008, Flood magnitude and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006b, frequency of the Delaware River in New Jersey, New York, Hourly Precipitation Data, New York, June 2006: and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Asheville, N.C., National Climatic Data Center, v. 56, Report 2008–1203, 7p. no. 06, 21 p Times Herald-Record, 2006, Special Feature–June 2006 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006c, Flooding: Middletown, N.Y., accessed Feb. 5, 2007, at Flood of June 2006: Binghamton, N.Y., National Weather http://archive.recordonline.com/flood06/flood2006.html/ Service, accessed January 19, 2007, at http://www.erh.noaa. gov/bgm/WeatherEvents/Flood/june2006/ U.S. Geological Survey, 1960, Compilation of records of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006d, surface waters of the United States through September Precipitation analysis May 2006: Monthly percent of 1950, Part 1–B North Atlantic Slope Basins, New York to normal precipitation, NY, National Weather Service, York River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper accessed January 19, 2007, at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ 1302, 679 p. rfcshare/precip_analysis_new.php U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Compilation of records of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006e, North American Vertical Datum Conversion Utility: Silver surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to Spring, MD, National Geodetic Survey, accessed October September 1960, Part 1–B North Atlantic Slope Basins, through December 2007 at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ New York to York River: U.S. Geological Survey Water- TOOLS/Vertcon/vertcon.html Supply Paper 1722, 578 p.

New York State Department of Transportation, 2006, U.S. Weather Bureau, 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the NYSDOT Announces progress on flood clean-up, most United States: Washington, D.C., Technical Paper no. 40, State roads open for travel: Albany, N.Y., accessed January 115 p. 19, 2007, at https://www.nysdot.gov/portal/page/portal/ news/press-releases/2006/2006101 U.S. Weather Bureau, 1964, Two- to ten day precipitation for Pennsylvania Power and Light (PPL) Generation, LLC, and return periods of 2 to 100 years in the contiguous United Kleinschmidt, 2002, Application for License for Major States: Washington, D.C., Technical Paper no. 49, 29 p. Project— existing dam, Lake Wallenpaupack, v.1, license application: Prepared for PPL Holtwood, LLC, presented WKTV News Channel 2 Utica, 2006, Dolgeville before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FREC Restaurant collapses into East Canada Creek, accessed Project 487, variously paged. February 5, 2007, at http://www.wktv.com/news/2006flood/ This page has been left blank intentionally. This page has been left blank intentionally. 98 Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York

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For additional information write to: New York Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 425 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180

Information requests: (518) 285-5602 or visit our Web site at: http://ny.water.usgs.gov Suro, Firda, and Szabo—Flood of June 26–29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York—Open-File Report 2009–1063