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Care of Our National Heritage The Federation of Australian Historical Societies History and heritage news from around Australia JULY 2021 No. 51 Newsletter T Care of our National Heritage The story of the 1860-61 Burke and Wills expedition, the first to traverse the continent from south to north, is iconic in the history of European exploration of Australia. The key site – the Dig Tree at Fort Wills on Cooper Creek where the expedition established Camp 65 – exemplifies the determination, struggles and efforts of the participants, with valuable support from the local Yandruwandha Aboriginal people. A disastrous succession of errors, with the base camp group departing just hours before Burke and his party returned, and Burke’s failure to change the markings on the Dig tree to indicate they had This painting by Colonial artist Samuel indeed returned, led to a tragic Thomas Gill reflects the despair of King, (Bondi Beach) to fossil and Burke and Wills on their return to the outcome. dinosaur, mining, convict and abandoned Cooper Creek Camp. John King For its significance, the Dig Tree shipwreck sites. Sydney Harbour was the only survivor of the Gulf Party. site is included in the National bridge and Opera house, Image: State Library of New South Wales Heritage List – Australia’s the MCG, various land and collection list of ‘natural, historic and ocean reserves and numerous Indigenous places of outstanding indigenous sites. significance to the nation.’ Some of the sites, such as Contents Melbourne’s 1880s Royal Located at the heart of the • Introduction ............................. 1 nation’s capital, the Australian Exhibition Building, the Opera War Memorial (and Anzac House, Uluru, various convict • From the President ................2 Parade) is at the centre of the sites and Gondwana Rainforests • The Dig Tree conservation nation’s tribute to the courage of Australia, are also included on Project ...................................3 and sacrifice of generations of the World Heritage List. • Dig Tree Advisory Board .....10 men and woman who served in This issue takes a closer look • Australian War Memorial ....12 war, and is also of recognised as at the Dig Tree and the War important to the nation. • Contributors ..........................16 Memorial and their management • NAA win ..................................16 The list includes everything and the complex issues of from the home of surf lifesaving heritage management. 1 The FAHS Newsletter | JULY 2021 | No 51 FROM THE PRESIDENT In 2020 FAHS introduced a new for many years, and Dr Denver An unusual sequence of policy of sharing or rostering Beanland AM is the current development proposals and the collection and editing of its RHSQ President. procedures was followed bi-annual Newsletter between its in this case, culminating in eight constituent organisations. To add to the theme of national the Minister over-ruling the heritage, Dr Peter Dowling Australian Heritage Council and The first was undertaken by was invited to write about approving the demolition and the Royal Historical Society of the Australian War Memorial, redevelopment. Victoria in late 2020, and this which is listed on both the second one was initiated by National Heritage List and All this has brought to mind the the Royal Historical Society of the Commonwealth Heritage momentous changes that have Queensland. List (Commonwealth-owned taken place in Australia’s heritage properties). regime in the last 20 years or so. RHSQ is in a unique position – as Under the regime introduced far as we are aware it is the only He has served both the Canberra by the Environment Protection Australian historical society that and District Historical Society and & Biodiversity Act (1999), a is the manager of a site that is the National Trust at the national process was begun that has seen on the National Heritage List, the and ACT levels. the Commonwealth abdicate Burke and Wills Dig Tree. (below) most of its role in protecting https://www.environment.gov. While the Dig Tree appears to be increasingly well recognised built heritage to the states and au/heritage/places/national/ territories. burke-wills-king-yandruwandha and protected, the War Memorial has been the subject of some Despite two reviews that were The two articles relating to the controversy in the last couple highly critical of the regime, there Dig Tree were written by long- of years because of a proposal has been no real improvement. serving RHSQ Councillors. Dr to demolish and replace an Ruth Kerr OAM FFAHS, also important part of the building One of the main weaknesses is served on the FAHS Council (among other concerns). that much decision-making has been taken away from experts and handed to ministers who are liable to make decisions on ideological and political rather than strictly heritage terms. An excellent history of Australian heritage regimes since the 1970s was written by the late David Yencken – it is should be mandated reading for anyone interested in Australian heritage – David Yencken, Valuing Australia’s National Heritage, Future Leaders, 2019. Don Garden OAM FFAHS FRHSV President President Don Garden 2 The FAHS Newsletter | NOV 2020 | No 50 CONSERVING THE DIG TREE SITE This is a report of the THE HISTORY As it had been more than two conservation project decades since the last detailed undertaken between Cooper Creek was named by report, the RHSQ appointed 2014 and 2021, by The explorer Charles Sturt in 1845 Nissen Associates & Susan Royal Historical Society after the first judge and later chief Hill to prepare a Conservation of Queensland (RHSQ) on justice of South Australia Charles Management Plan (CMP), which the Dig Tree Reserve at the Cooper. was completed in February 2016. Bulloo Bulloo Waterhole, on the bank of Cooper Creek In 1860 on their journey from The CMP relied on a number of in the Bulloo Shire Council Melbourne across Australia from earlier reports including the 1987 Queensland, and related South to North, Burke and Wills CMP and arborist Adam Tom’s measures. of the Victorian Exploration inspection report from 2012 Expedition camped on the bank together with earlier reports. The Dig Tree Reserve is in of Cooper Creek and established south-western Queensland, a depot Camp 65 before their On 17 January 2018 Tom in the locality of Durham, dash for the Gulf of Carpentaria. provided an updated Arborist’s approximately 326 kilometres Report to the RHSQ which stated along the ‘Adventure Way’ west Burke was given secret that the health of the Dig Tree from Thargomindah towards instructions which presumably was very good. Innamincka turning left where instructed him to follow from Cooper Creek the 140th meridian An earlier 1987 CMP report was the sign indicates 14 kilometres prepared by PA Roe of Cameron to the Dig Tree. of east longitude and mark their journey on the way. McNamara, entitled Burke and The Dig Tree Reserve is within Wills Dig Tree Conservation Plan the pastoral lease of Nappa This occurred at a time when for the RHSQ. Merrie Station. Victoria had rivers of gold but was short of land. The report noted that since In 1964 the Queensland the early 1970s the reserve had Government gazetted the The area they traversed during become more accessible with reserve, where Burke and Wills their journey was beyond the discoveries of oil and natural established Camp 65, and Queensland’s western boundary gas in the region, which had appointed The Royal Historical which was only extended in triggered a rapid improvement Society of Queensland as Trustee March 1862 after representations in the road network with the Dig of the one-acre reserve. by the Queensland colonial Tree Reserve becoming readily government, which commenced accessible by conventional In 1987 the Queensland three weeks after Burke and Wills vehicles. Government resurveyed and re- departed Melbourne. gazetted the site as 4470 square The recommendations prompted metres, described as Reserve 7, The government requested that fencing of the reserve to exclude being Lot 1, on Plan CPR4, Parish the area north of the 26th parallel vehicular traffic which was Oontoo, County Cooper. of south latitude from 141st damaging the site. meridian to138th meridian east The reserve includes the three longitude, the current western In 2003 the Dig Tree Reserve historic trees; the Dig Tree, Brahé boundary, be included as part of was entered on the Queensland Tree and Face Tree (below). Queensland. Heritage Register. This was the area within which Later, in 2016, it was part of the Burke and Wills trekked and iconic site entry on the National includes Mt Isa, Cloncurry Heritage List for the Burke, Wills, and the surrounding mineral King and Yandruwandha National province. Heritage Place. The listing acknowledges the role CHALLENGES of the Aboriginal people in the The major challenge confronting Burke and Wills narrative. the Dig Tree Reserve has been and remains how best to protect, manage and interpret a remote site in a fragile and extreme environment. 3 The FAHS Newsletter | JULY 2021 | No 51 DIG TREE SITE CONSERVATION (continued) CONSERVATION They included: then Chief Executive Officer PROJECT • an upgrade of the existing (CEO) Edwina Marks and other limited boardwalk officers regarding the reserve. From this visit the relationship In July 2014 the RHSQ applied • the construction of an between the RHSQ and the for a grant of $20,000 from extended boardwalk to include Shire Council has grown the Queensland Government’s and link the Brahé Tree as well rapidly. Everyone’s Environment Grants as the Dig Tree and Face Tree Program (Heritage Phase) in the • formalisation of a pathway To have the creative, concept Department of Environment and through the reserve to the and design work undertaken, Heritage Protection. boardwalk to protect the tree the RHSQ contracted with In December that year the roots and reserve Anne Jones of Toadshow, a RHSQ’s application was • remedial work around the Dig Brisbane firm.
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