Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 Report
Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 Report
Mumbai, India to Chennai, India Sites NGHP-01-01 through NGHP-01-21 April 28, 2006–August 19, 2006
Volume Authorship By T. Collett, M. Riedel, J. Cochran, R. Boswell, J. Presley, P. Kumar, A. Sathe, A. Sethi, M. Lall, and the NGHP Expedition Scientists
Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015
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Suggested citation: Collett, T., Riedel, M., Cochran, J., Boswell, R., Presley, J., Kumar, P., Sathe, A., Sethi, A., Lall, M., and the NGHP Expedition Scientists, 2015, Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 report: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054, 1442 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20125054.
ISSN 2328-0328 (online) iii
NGHP Expedition 01 Participating Organizations
Binghamton University Colorado School of Mines Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Fugro-McClelland, Inc. GAIL India Ltd. Geological Survey of Canada Geotek Ltd. Idaho National Laboratory Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory McGill University National Energy Technology Laboratory National Institute of Oceanography National Institute of Ocean Technology Ocean Drilling Limited Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. OIL India Ltd. Oregon State University Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Reliance Industries Ltd. Schlumberger Technical University of Berlin Texas A&M University University of California, San Diego University of Cardiff University of New Hampshire Universität Bremen University of Rhode Island U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Geological Survey U.S. National Science Foundation Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Indian NGHP Expedition 01 Science Party iv
Expedition 01 Scientists Timothy S. Collett Arun Vasant Sathe Expedition Project Manager/Co-Chief Scientist Indian Co-Chief Scientist U.S. Geological Survey KDMIPE, ONGC Energy Resources Program Dehra Dun 248001 Denver Federal Center India Box 25046, MS 939 [email protected] Phone: +91 1352755871 Denver, Colo. 80225 Fax: +91 135 2755265 USA [email protected] Arun Kumar Sethi Phone: (303) 236-5731 Indian Co-Chief Scientist Fax: (303) 236-0459 A 103 Abhyant Apartments Vasundhara Enclave Michael Riedel Delhi 110096 Co-Chief Scientist India Natural Resources Canada Pushpendra Kumar 9860 West Saanich Rd. Indian Co-Chief Scientist PO Box 600 Institute of Engineering & Ocean Sidney, British Columbia Technology (IEOT) Canada Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) V8L 4B2 Panvel, Navi Mumbai - 410221 [email protected] India Phone: 250-363-6422 [email protected] Fax: 250-363-6565 Phone: +91 22 27454453 Fax: +91 22 27453692 James Cochran Co-Chief Scientist Warren Agena Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Physical Properties Specialist Columbia University U.S. Geological Survey PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Energy Resources Program Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Denver Federal Center USA Box 25046, MS 939 [email protected] Denver, Colo. 80225 USA Ray Boswell [email protected] Co-Chief Scientist Phone: (303) 236-5751 National Energy Technology Laboratory Fax: (303) 236-0459 3610 Collins Ferry Road Edwin Baars P.O. Box 880, M/S 102 Pressure Coring Specialist Morgantown, W. Va. 26507 Fugro Engineers B.V. USA PO Box 250 [email protected] 2260 AG Phone: (304) 285-4541 Leidschendam Fax: (304) 285-4216 The Netherlands v
Roeland Baas Janine Fraschetti Pressure Coring Specialist Sedimentologist Fugro Engineers B.V. University of New Hampshire PO Box 250 Department of Earth Sciences 2260 AG 56 College Road, James Hall Leidschendam Durham, N.H. 03824 USA The Netherlands [email protected] Ann Cook Phone: (603) 862-4080 Logging Specialist, LDEO Fax: (603) 862-2649 Borehole Research Group Liviu Giosan Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Sedimentologist Columbia University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute 61 Rt. 9W 360 Woods Hole Road, MS #22 Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (845) 365-8796 Phone: (508) 289-2257 Fax: (845) 365-8365 Gilles Guèrin Taro Coraspe Nakai Logging Staff Scientist Pressure Coring Specialist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences Columbia University Borehole Research Group 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Houston, Tex. 77081 Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (713) 369-5600 Phone: (845) 365-8671 Martijn de Wit Fax: (845) 365-3182 Pressure Coring Specialist Alexandra Hangsterfer Fugro Engineers B.V. Inorganic Geochemist PO Box 250 Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2260 AG University of California, San Diego Leidschendam 9500 Gilman Drive The Netherlands La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 USA Matthew Druce Pressure Coring Specialist Melanie Holland GEOTEK Pressure Coring Specialist GEOTEK 3 Faraday Close 3 Faraday Close Drayton Fields Drayton Fields Daventry Daventry Northants Northants NN11 8RD NN11 8RD United Kingdom United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +44 1327 311 555 Phone: (44) 1327 311666 Fax: +44 1327 311 666 Fax: (44) 1327 311555 vi
Gary D. Humphrey Arvid Kramer Pressure Coring Specialist Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro McClleland Marine Geosciences Fugro Engineers B.V. 6100 Hillcroft PO Box 250 Houston, Tex. 77081 2260 AG USA Leidschendam [email protected] The Netherlands Phone: (713) 369-5579 Herald Lamers Fax: (713) 369-5570 Pressure Coring Specialist Glendon B. Hunsinger Fugro Engineers B.V. Organic Geochemist PO Box 250 Binghamton University 2260 AG Department of Geological Sciences Leidschendam Science 1 The Netherlands POB 6000 Philip E. Long Binghamton, N.Y. 13902 Physical Properties Specialist: IR Imaging USA Environmental Technology Division [email protected] Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Phone: (607) 777-2264 790 6th Street/ ETB Room 1223 Fax: (607) 777-2288 Richland, Wash. 99354 USA Joel E. Johnson [email protected] Sedimentologist Phone: (509) 372-6090 University of New Hampshire Fax: (509) 372-6089 Department of Earth Sciences 56 College Road, James Hall Tom Lorenson Durham, N.H. 03824 Organic Geochemist USA U.S. Geological Survey [email protected] Coastal and Marine Geology Team Phone: (603) 862-4080 345 Middlefield Road, MS-999 Fax: (603) 862-2649 Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 USA Woodong Jung [email protected] Organic Geochemist Phone: (650) 329-4186 Geochemical & Environmental Research Fax: (650) 329-5441 Group (GERG) Alberto Malinverno Texas A&M University Logging Staff Scientist 833 Graham Road Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory College Station, Tex. 77845 Columbia University USA 61 Route 9W [email protected] Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Phone: (979) 862-2323 USA Fax: (979) 862-2361 [email protected] Miriam Kastner Phone: (845) 365-8577 Inorganic Geochemist Fax: (845) 365-3182 Scripps Institution of Oceanography Stefan Mrozewski University of California, San Diego Logging Specialist, LDEO 9500 Gilman Drive Borehole Research Group La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0212 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory USA Columbia University [email protected] 61 Rt. 9W Phone: (858) 534-2065 Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Fax: (858) 822-4945 USA vii
George Olive Martin Rothfuss Physical Properties Specialist Pressure Coring Specialist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Fugro Engineers B.V. Columbia University PO Box 250 PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W 2260 AG Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Leidschendam USA The Netherlands [email protected] Golam M. Sarker Pedro Enrique Regino Logging Staff Scientist Pressure Coring Specialist Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences 61 Route 9W 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 Palisades, N.Y. 10964 Houston, Tex. 77081 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (845) 365-3182 Phone: (713) 369-5600 Fax: (845)-365-8365 Fax: (713) 369-5570 H. Todd Schaef John Roberts Physical Properties Specialist: IR Imaging Pressure Coring Specialist Pacific Northwest National Laboratory GEOTEK 902 Battelle Boulevard 3 Faraday Close P.O. Box 999 Drayton Fields Richland, Wash. 99352 Daventry USA Northants [email protected] NN11 8RD Phone: (509) 376-5368 United Kingdom Fax: (509) 373-9949 [email protected] Peter Schultheiss Phone: +44 1327 311 555 Pressure Coring Specialist Fax: +44 1327 311 666 GEOTEK Gretchen Robertson 3 Faraday Close Inorganic Geochemist Drayton Fields Scripps Institution of Oceanography Daventry University of California, San Diego Northants NN11 8RD 9500 Gilman Drive, MC#0212 United Kingdom La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 [email protected] USA Phone: (44) 1327 311666 [email protected] Fax: (44) 1327 311555 Phone: (858) 534-1826 Fax: (858) 822-4945 Evan A. Solomon Inorganic Geochemist Kelly Rose Geoscience Research Division Sedimentologist Scripps Institution of Oceanography National Energy Technology Laboratory University of California, San Diego 3610 Collins Ferry Road 9500 Gilman Drive PO Box 880 La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 Morgantown, W. Va. 26507-880 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (858) 534-4857 Phone: (304) 285-4157 Fax: (858) 822-4945 viii
Lawrence Soosainathan William J. Winters Pressure Coring Specialist Physical Properties Specialist Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences U.S. Geological Survey 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 384 Woods Hole Road Houston, Tex. 77081 Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Phone: 713-369-5600 Phone: (508) 457-2358 Fax: 713-369-5570 Fax: (508) 457-2310 Arthur J. Spivak MD Nauroz Ahmad Inorganic Geochemist Physical Properties Specialist Graduate School of Oceanography Directorate General of Hydrocarbons University of Rhode Island 11th Floor, H.T. House South Ferry Road 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg Narragansett, R.I. 02882 New Delhi – 11001 USA India [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (401) 423-0063 Phone: +91 9313095924 Fax: (401) 874-6811 Om Prakash Arya Jody Stecher Logging Specialist Inorganic Geochemist Suptdg. Geophysicist (Wells) 2755 N. Beaver Creek Rd Room No. 216, Petrophysics Division Seal Rock, Oreg. 97376 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) USA KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 Marta E. Torres India Inorganic Geochemist [email protected] College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Phone: +91 13 52796409 Oregon State University Fax: +91 1352755265 104 Ocean Administration Bldg. Corvallis, Oreg. 97331-5503 Firoz K. Badesab USA Geochemist [email protected] Goa Housing Board Colony Phone: (541) 737-2902 ME-3 (E-Building) Fax: (541) 737-2064 Amrai Nagar Nagzer, Curti, Ponda Goa – 403401 Floris Tuynder India Pressure Coring Specialist [email protected] Fugro Engineers B.V. Phone: +91 0 9823988769 PO Box 250 Fax: +91 0 8322450602 2260 AG Pramit Basu Leidschendam Sedimentologist The Netherlands 5th Floor, A-Wing [email protected] PHQ Ricardo Warmelink DAKC Pressure Coring Specialist Thane-Belapur Road Fugro Engineers B.V. Koparkhairane, Navi Mumbai PO Box 250 Maharashtra 400709 2260 AG India Leidschendam [email protected] The Netherlands Phone: +91 9322991153 ix
Prabhakar Singh Bisht Suresh Kumar Dewri Sedimentologist Physical Properties Specialist B-17/5, ONGC Colony IEOT Kavlagarh Road Gas Hydrate & Advanced Composite Dehra Dun – (VA) Materials Section PIN: 248195 ONGC Phase-II India Panvel, Navi Mumbai – 410 221 [email protected] India Phone: +91 0135 2752140 [email protected] D.V. Borole Phone: +91 22 27454453 Geochemist Fax: +91 22 27486357 Geological Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Rajeev Dhupar Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 Superintending Engineer (Drilling) India Institute of Drilling Technology (IDT) [email protected] ONGC, Kaulagarh Road Phone: +91 0 8322450331 Dehradun – 248195 Fax: +91 0 8322450602 India B.B. Chabbra I. Dutta Geochemist Logging Specialist 952, Indira Nagar Colony DGH, H.T. House P.O. New Forest 18-20 KG Marg Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal) New Delhi – 11001 248006 India India [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +011-23717630 Phone: +91 1352795644 Fax: +011-23352649 Debasis Chaudhuri Geophysicist Christabelle Fernandes Suptdg. Geophysicist National Institute of Oceanography KDMIPE, ONGC Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 Dehradun – 248195 India India [email protected] Hamendra Chandra Das Phone: +918322450493 Geochemist Fax: +9183222450609 R&D Centre Oil India Ltd Krishnanga Gohain P.O. – Duliajan Chief Geologist PIN-786 602 Oil India Ltd Dist-Dibrugarh P.O. – Duliajan Assam PIN-786 602 India Dist-Dibrugarh, Assam [email protected] India Phone: +91 374 2806322 Phone: +91 374 2806322 Fax: +91 374 2800522 Fax: +91 374 2800522 x
Sudipta Das Gupta R.S. Malviya Sedimentologist Physical Properties Specialist PHQ, 5th Floor, A-Wing IEOT Dakc, Koparkhairane Gas Hydrate & Advanced Composite Materials Section Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra ONGC Phase-II PIN: 400709 Panvel, Navi Mumbai – 410 221 India India [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +91 9322991152 Phone: +91 22 27454453 Fax: +91 22 30371699 Fax: +91 22 27486358 Venkata Ramana Mangipudi A.K. Jain Scientist F Microbiologist National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Microbiology Department Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 KDMIPE, ONGC India Dehradun – 248195 [email protected] India Phone: +918322450493 [email protected] Fax: +9183222450609 Phone: +91 135 2755265 Aninda Mazumdar Fax: +91 135 2795647 Geochemist Geological Oceanography Muralidhar Kocherla National Institute of Oceanography Sedimentologist Dona Paula, Goa - 403004 Scientist C India National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) [email protected] Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609 India Phone: +918322450493 Gajanan Purushhotam Naik Fax: +9183222450609 Scientist E National Institute of Oceanography Anbazhagan Krishnamoorthy Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 Geochemist India Gail (India) Limited Phone: +918322450493 16, Bhikaiji Cama Place Fax: +9183222450609 R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 066 Kumar Narenda India Drilling Specialist k.anbazhagan@gail.co.in Deputy Manager (P) Phone: +91 11 26182955 Gail (India) Limited 16, Bhikaiji Cama Place Fax: +91 11 26185941 EXTN 2957# R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 066 Syamalendu Mahanti India Sedimentologist Phone: +91 11 26182955 Fax: +91 11 26185941 Geology Division S&T Building Ajeeth Xavier Parapullil Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd Geochemist 24, Kamla Nagar, Opp. KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road ONGC Hospital, Ballupur Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 Dehradun-248001, Uttaranchal India India [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +91 1352795184 Phone: +91 135 2795277 xi
Aditya Peketi Vijayan Sivapragasam Geochemist Physical Properties Specialist National Institute of Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 Dona Paulo, Goa – 403 004 India India Phone: 0832-2450331 [email protected] S. Prabhakaran Phone: 0832-2450331 Sedimentologist A. K. Sinha Sedimentology Lab Geochemist Geology Division Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) Geochemistry Division KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 Dehradun – 248 195 India India [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +91 1352795564 Phone: +91 135 2755265 Fax: +91 135 2795674 S. Ramakrishna Physical Properties Specialist Deepika Sharma Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Physical Properties Specialist 11th floor, 18-20 Directorate General of Hydrocarbons H-T House 11th floor, 18-20 KG MARG, New Delhi – 11001 H-T House India KG MARG, New Delhi – 11001 [email protected] India Phone: +91 9891037468 [email protected] Fax: +91 1123352649 Phone: +91 9313560321 S. Ramish Fax: +91 1123352649 National Institute of Ocean Technology Pallilearanai, Chennai Om Prakash Sharma 601302 Tamil Nadu Logging Specialist India Deputy General Manager (Wells) Phone: +91 44 66783382 Petrophysical Research Division Fax: +91 44 22460007 KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun – 248 195 Bandaru Amaralingeswara Rao India Logging Specialist [email protected] SG (Wells) Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Manisha Shri 11th Floor, Hindustan Times House Sedimentologist Kasturba Gandhi Marg Flat No-44, Pocket-4, Sector 24 New Delhi – 110001 Aakash Ganga Apartments India Rohini-Delhi [email protected] 110085 Phone: +91 011 23352617 Extn. 277 India B.R. Rao [email protected] Geochemist Phone: +91 9313337698 Geological Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Krishna Srivastava Sri Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004 Superintending Chemist India IEOT, ONGC [email protected] Panvel, Navi Mumbai - 410221 Phone: +910832 2450401 India Fax: +91832 245602 Phone: +91 22 27486360 xii
Transocean officials
Alex Simpson Wayne Malone Master of Drilling Vessel Drilling Superintendent Overseas Drilling Ltd. Overseas Drilling Ltd. Pete Mowat Tim McCown Master of Drilling Vessel Drilling Superintendent Overseas Drilling Ltd. Overseas Drilling Ltd.
NGHP shipboard personnel and technical representatives
Jim Brewton Heather Paul Marine Computer Specialist Laboratory Officer Klayton Curtis Jennifer Presley Laboratory Specialist: Physical Properties Project Secretariat John Davis Pieter Pretorius Marine Computer Specialist Marine Instrumentation Specialist Roy T. Davis Laboratory Specialist: Chemistry Shivek Ranjan Schlumberger Logger Javier Espinosa Schlumberger Engineer Patrick Riley Laboratory Specialist: Core Jennifer Ferris Laboratory Specialist: Microbiology Alexander Roth Lisa Hawkins Laboratory Specialist: Physical Properties Marine Curatorial Specialist Ritesh Shah Karen Johnston Schlumberger Logger Laboratory Specialist: Core Michael Storms Inetimi Ingibina Operations Superintendent Schlumberger Logger Johanna Suhonen Peter Kannberg Laboratory Specialist: Core Laboratory Specialist: Downhole Tools Paul Ténière Steven Kittredge Laboratory Officer Schlumberger Engineer Jurie Kotze Bradley Weymer Marine Instrumentation Specialist Laboratory Specialist: Core Abhijeet Nayan Robert Wheatley Schlumberger Logger Laboratory Specialist: Chemistry xiii
Acknowledgments
As Chairman of the Steering Committee of Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP), Mr. M.S. Srinivasan, Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas accorded all the approvals for the execution of NGHP Expedition 01. The keen interest and priority accorded by Mr. Srinivasan demonstrated the high level of commitment of the Government of India for exploration and research activities pertaining to gas hydrates and for developing gas hydrates as an energy resource. We are grateful to Mr. Srinivasan for his wholehearted help and support in the program. The support extended by all the members of NGHP Steering Committee is hereby acknowledged. The financial support for the NGHP Expedition 01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowl- edged. The authors acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL. The authors are also thankful to Mr. K.A. Murali, Mr. S.K. Singh, and Mr. R.K. Mathur, of DGH who made all the necessary arrangements for various clearances for the NGHP Expedition 01. Various scientists belonging to the constituents of the NGHP have contributed immensely to the success of the NGHP in general, and Expedition 01 in particular. We gratefully acknowledge their contributions, especially those of Mr. A.K. Sethi, Dr. Pushpendra Kumar, and Mr. A.V. Sathe. Dr. T.S. Collett, as Co-Chief Scientist from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), coordi- nated not only the science project but also helped DGH in the planning, coordination, and execu- tion of the NGHP Expedition 01. Dr. Collett was instrumental in mobilizing the entire team of scientists from various international organizations and also from the United States Department of Energy (USDOE). NGHP is extremely grateful for all his support. Thanks to all the consortium members of NGHP Expedition 01, including Overseas Drilling Ltd. for providing the research vessel JOIDES Resolution and the drilling crew and support staff, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for LWD/Wire-line Logging tools and operations, Fugro/GEOTEK for pressure coring tools and laboratory science support and the USGS for scien- tific staffing and critical technical expertise. Additional technical support and equipment were provided to this project by members of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, including the Joint Oceanographic Institutes and Texas A&M University. The authors are thankful to USDOE for making available specialty tools such as the infrared core imaging system, coring tools, seismic sources and the pressure core transfer van and also for sponsoring studies by some of the science teams involved in this effort. Thanks are expressed to all the science team members of the NGHP Expedition 01 for their contribution and the time on the ship, leaving their homes and families for long durations. It was the combined team effort of all mentioned above that led to the success of this expedition.
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Contents
Expedition Summary...... 1 Methods...... 35 Site NGHP-01-01...... 107 Site NGHP-01-02...... 165 Site NGHP-01-03...... 183 Site NGHP-01-04...... 271 Site NGHP-01-05...... 287 Site NGHP-01-06...... 381 Site NGHP-01-07...... 397 Site NGHP-01-08...... 491 Site NGHP-01-09...... 507 Sites NGHP-01-10, 12, and 13...... 523 Site NGHP-01-11...... 653 Site NGHP-01-14...... 669 Site NGHP-01-15...... 747 Site NGHP-01-16...... 835 Site NGHP-01-17...... 893 Site NGHP-01-18...... 1049 Site NGHP-01-19...... 1113 Site NGHP-01-20...... 1213 Site NGHP-01-21...... 1265 References Cited...... 1317 Glossary...... 1327 Appendix 1. NGHP Expedition 01 Operations Schedule...... 1335 Appendix 2. NGHP Expedition 01 Operations Statistics...... 1359 Appendix 3. Singapore Pressure Core Studies...... 1411 Appendix 4. Downhole Measurement Lab Tool Test Report...... 1439