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Caring for a Child of a Different Ethnicity Contents Caring for a child of a different ethnicity Contents 1 Introduction 2 Transracial placements- a brief history 3 Transracial placements- today 4 What does it mean to be a multi-ethnic family? 5 Attachment and self esteem around identity 6 Racism and racial identity 7 Siblings 8 Contact 9 Working with other agencies on behalf of your child 10 Caring for Trafficked children 11 Unaccompanied asylum seeking children 12 Faith Resources a. Positive role models 13 Disabled children of Black and Minority Ethnic background b. Where to purchase hair and skin products 14 Hair and Skin Care c. Books d. Useful websites 15 Food and Diet e. Where to buy 16 Summary of tasks and responsibilities multicultural resources f. Glossary of terms 17 Activities for promoting positive self esteem when g. Community groups who caring for children of a different ethnicity can offer support 18 Conclusion h. National organisations who can offer support i. Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Introduction This pack aims to help foster carers and adopters who are parenting or caring for a child of a different ethnicity than their own. The advice and resources in the pack aim to help carers/adopters understand and explore some of the issues that will be important when caring for a child of a different ethnicity to yourself, not just in caring for the child but also for your family as a whole. Building your child’s sense of identity, connecting with your child’s ethnicity and background, and preparing your child for dealing with discrimination are important parenting tasks. We hope this pack, along with the activities will help you in this task of creating and celebrating being a multiethnic family. Knowledge and preparation are key to successfully caring for a child of a different ethnicity. See it as a building block to you in building your knowledge and understanding of your child, yourselves and the society we live in. Ask questions, seek information, and share this pack with all involved in your parenting/caring journey. Bristol City Council aims to provide children, young people and their families with services that value and celebrate difference, promote equal opportunities and ensure the best outcome for children who are adopted or who are brought up in care. 2 Transracial placement - a brief history Transracial placement - a brief history A transracial placement is when Many other organisations It was hoped the children would a child is placed in the care followed suit. The majority be provided with a continuity of of a foster or adoptive family of these children were placed care, and have access to aspects that is of a different ethnicity with white families, in an era of the culture they would have from them. Historically this has when racism, prejudice and a had, had they grown up in their commonly been a black or dual sentiment of ‘love is enough’ birth family. One of the failures heritage child placed with a were commonplace. of past placements was due to white family. black children being placed in Fundamental changes in social isolation i.e in a rural area or Transracial adoption in Britain policy and legislation moved the predominantly white area. dates back to the 1960s goal posts after the early 70’s, following concern about high when it was recognised that Social policy has changed again numbers of black and minority growing up in a white family since 2000, with the view being ethnic children in the care may have had a negative impact that placing a child is the most system. Between 1965 and 1969 on black children’s identities. important thing, and concern The British Adoption Project There was a move to match that delay in seeking a ‘perfect’ sought to find families for these children to carers and adopters match may be detrimental to children and they were highly that more closely matched their the child. praised for their efforts. ethnicity, religion, and culture. Transracial placement- a brief history 2 3 Transracial placements- what has changed? Transracial placements - what has changed? It may still be considered ideal “It is outrageous to deny a child less attention paid to race and to place a child with an adopter the chance of adoption because skin colour. It may be a family or carer who closely matches of a mis-guided belief that race today can be assessed on its the child’s ethnicity. However, is more important than any ability to positively promote and concern about delays for children other factor. And it is simply celebrate their child’s ethnicity of black and minority ethnic disgraceful that a black child and identity even if they do not background has led to a rethink is three times less likely to be match their child’s ethnicity; about what the priorities are adopted from care than a white essentially the family becoming for this group of children. There child… I promise you I will not a multi-cultural family. are currently far more black and look away when the futures of minority ethnic children in the black children in care continue It is recognised that this is a care system than there are black to be damaged”. (Michael Gove, challenging; albeit a rewarding and minority ethnic carers and Education secretary of England one, additional parenting task adopters. There is also some and Wales, 2012) for foster carers and adopters. evidence that many black and Support is available to enable minority ethnic people do not The current position is that carers to do this. This pack is consider ethnicity as the most in the face of possible delay, a start; there is also training important issue in matching. finding an exact ethnic match available for foster carers, as a SCIE (Social Care Institute for for a child should no longer be foster carer you can be buddied Excellence- The needs of foster the priority. Unlike the 1960s with an BME( Black and Minority children from black and minority we live in a far more ethnically Ethnic) foster carer, and as an ethnic background) diverse society, with more access adopter you have the support to multicultural resources and of the Bristol Adoption Support Revised Adoption Statutory communities, and arguably Service (B.A.S.S). Guidance in 2011 advised “If the prospective adopter can meet most of the child’s needs, the social worker must not delay placing the child with a prospective adopter because they are single, older than other adopters or does not share the child’s racial or cultural background”. Transracial placements - what has changed? 3 4 What does it mean to be a multi ethnic family? What does it mean to be a multi ethnic family? Parents caring for a child of a different culture and ethnicity to themselves have a responsibility to help their children define themselves as a member of their own culture and ethnicity at the same time as bringing them into the new culture that is already present in the family. Without connection the child can feel ‘lost’. Feelings of basic safety, security, belonging and self esteem are essential for the child in making secure attachments. In short, a multi ethnic family means celebrating your child’s ethnicity, engaging the whole family in your child’s culture and enjoying all it brings. This means preparing your child and your family for the challenges of racism and prejudice and those “awkward questions”. See Section 6 for more on this. It also means embracing the change to your family make-up: you are no longer, ‘white parents of a black child’, but a ‘multi ethnic family’. What does it mean to be a multi ethnic family? 4 5 Attachment and self-esteem around identity Attachment and self-esteem around identity It is important to recognise that children who attach to their new family, in gaining identity as have come into the care system are likely to have a secure adopted/fostered child alongside their attachment issues due to traumatic beginnings in own individual identity. It may be that as a child their lives. In addition to the issues of attachment, grows up they may not wish to claim aspects of trauma, grief and loss of foster carers and birth their background and ethnicity, but it is important family, children being adopted or cared for that parents and carers maintain a steadfast and transracially may experience an extra challenge consistent approach to valuing and accepting in finding their identity in a family that doesn’t their child’s ethnicity and continue to be involved represent their own ethnicity. in diverse events and communities as part of everyday normal family life. “Because you are not raised in that culture and don’t come home to that culture you will never be like those that have been. This was the one things that I mourned and grieved about the most. I wasn’t as in touch with the culture like my black friends were. But I was so blessed to have been exposed to my culture through my close friends at school that I was able to develop my racial identity and pride in my ethnicity. My parents did some extreme things, like moving us to a black neighbourhood, to assure that I would be in touch with my race and culture. That has made a HUGE difference in my upbringing. It allowed me to feel normal around people like me and feel a sense of belonging. So in that aspect I don’t feel deprived at all.” Kevin Hoffman - transracial adoptee and author of Children in transracial placements do not have the Growing up White in Black advantage of learning about their birth cultures The formation of attachments builds on the child’s through everyday cues and bits of knowledge, desire not just to be loved and accepted, but also unconsciously assimilated and passed down to be able to admire important others.
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