CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERIES 12 MAHARASHTRA Field In l'estigation and Draft P. G.ABHYANKAR D. K. ZAMBARE PART X-B SURVEY REPORT ON TOWN PAITHAN Editing: Smt. V. Y. Joshi Guidance & Finalisation : A. S. Dange DIR.BCTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS MAHARASHTRA (1) All tho maps included in this publication are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. (2) Tho territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. (3) Govornmen1 of India Copyright, 1988. (ii) FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steoped in tho tradi­ tion of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, cultural, Jinguisti<.; and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacKs on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched Inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population as ptr the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social atudies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme or social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 CeRsus, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handi­ crafts was, however, added as a new item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns WeIe selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional chara(;teri­ sties, (d) specific industry or occupation dominatiJlg the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other iocial and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort etc. The research design, tools (or data collection and formats for data tabulation and report­ writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B. K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N. G. Nag took considerablo pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K. P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. SOO M. K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able assistance or Investigators, Smt. R. Sabhauval and Shri Ganesh Das did a commendable job in scrutinising the reports and communicating the comments thereon to the Directorates. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the outcome of a study on Paithan town llndertaken by the Directorate of Census Operations, Maharashtra. I am indebted to Shrt A. S. Dange. Deputy Director and his colleagues in the Cen.UiI Directorate for their painiltaking effortii in bringing ()11t th~s feport. NEW DBLBi, V. S. VERMA lit of 111M, 1983 Regilt,ar 0.116'111, 1Mi. \iii) PREFACE As an adjunct to 1981 Census a special project of the study of selected towns was undertaken to have a probe into the process of urbanisation in a developing country like India. In his foreword, the Registrar General, India has explained the philosophy, methodology and the scope of such urban .tudies. All over India 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country for the study to understand the intensity and direction of the Socio-economic forces generated by urbanisation as also affecting the process of urbanisation and its impact on the rural neighbourhood. In the history of Indian Census, the town survey was taken for the first time during 1961 Census and this survey was continued during 1971 and 1981 censuses without any major change. During 1961 and 1971 censuses, the Census Directorate, Maharashtra has not brought out report on town. According to 1981 census, there are 307 towns in Maharashtra. The Directorate of Maharashtra had selected 3 towns under this project and the Report on Paithan is the first. Since quite eady times Paithan has been a religious and historical centre of great importance and also the birth place of noted Saint Eknath Maharaj. It is said to have been the capital of Shalivahana. In Shalivahana's rule Paithan became a great emporium of trade and remained so for sometime after his death. It is a centre of Hindu, Muslim and Jain religions with an infra-structure for rapid urbanisation. In this report, the various socio-economic factors that govern the life of the people in the town and its prospects are brought out and substantiated with statistical data collected by a socio-economic lurvey of the town by contacting selected households. The report is the project of co-operation from various officials in the Census Department. I am extremely grateful to Shri V. S. Verma, Registrar General, India and Dr. N. G. Nag, ex-Deputy Registrar General (SS), Dr. K. P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General (SS) and Shri M. K. Jain, S.R.O. and his colleagues who offered valuable suggestions for designing the survey and in drafting and finalising the report. In this directorate, the field work of the town commenced in May 1985 and extended over a period of one year. Shri P. G. Abhyankar, Investigator assisted, by Shri D. K. Zambare, Statistical Assistant have done the main field work under the supervision of Smt. V. Y. Joshi, Assistant Director. The preliminary draft was prepared by Shri Abhyankar and Shri Zambare which was later scrutiniS6<i and edited by Smt. V. Y. Joshi, Assistant Director and finalised by the undersigned. The views ex­ pressed in this Report and the conclusions drawn are those of the Author and do not in any way reflect the views of the Government. My thanks are also to the staff of social studies section who undertook the field study and tabulal­ cd the data, to the staff in cartography section for having prepared the maps and diagrams for this report under the guidance of Shri K. S. Thakur, Research Officer and also to the Government Photographer, District Publicity Office, Aurangabad. Our special thanks to Shri Anil Patel, President of Paithan Municipal Council, to Chief Officer, Municipal Council, Paithan and Social Workers for extending full Co-operation at all stages and to the residents of Paithan town, who co-operated with UI whol6-heartedly in conducting the study and bringin& out this report. BOMBAY A.S.DANGB Date; Ram Navami Deputy Dlreetor 0/ Census Operations. ~ i6};farc/z 1988 Maharashtra (v) ACKNOWLEDGMENT Field Investigation Shri N. B. Bhor, S.A. Shri S. K. Mhatre, S.A. Shri K. K. Thakur, S.A. Shri G. R. Naik, S.A. Shri R. A. Kadale, S.A. Tabulation Shri D. L. Mendhe, S.A. Shri M. K. Yeshodharan, S.A. Shri S. K. Naik, S.A. Shri K. B. Hathi, Computor Smt. W. A. D'souza, Computor Smt. A. V. Kale, Computor Miss. B. R. Mehta, Computor TypiDe Smt. N. A. Gadrc, L.D.C. Mills. A. Mcuozes, Jr. Steno Cover design Shri V. V. Govekar CONTXMTS Papa FOREWORD (iii) PREFACE • (v) CHAPTER I : Introduction 1-6 Location, Important characteristics of the town, Topography &: physical environment, Climate, RainfaH, Temperature, Soil, Flora & Fauna, Communication with other Places, Post, Telegraph and Telephone Exchange, Roads and other Communications, Morphology including Land use pattern, streets, market and functional areas, Residential pattern with reference to ethnic groups, Slums, Important public places. " " CHAPTER II : History of growth of the town. 7-10 The events connected with the growth or town, Jayakwadf Project, PaJthani Centre, Size of the town, Land Utilisation, Population characteristics of the town, Growth rate, Density, Sex Ratio & Religious composition, Rules and Regulationll concerning land use and price, in-migration and out-migration. CHAPTER III : Amenities and services-History of growth and the present positioJl 11-18 Municipal Council Paithan, The main activities of the Paithan municipal council, Water supply, Conservancy, Power, Road lighting, Transport and Communication, Post and Telegraphs, Telephone Exchange, Fire service, Panchayat Samiti Office, Educational Institutions & Faci- lities, Medical facilities and Medical Institutions, Veterinary services, Rest House. CHAPTER IV : Economic life of the town. 19-32 Economy of the town, Classification of popUlation as workers and non-workers, Age-group of 'Yorkers an~ non-workers, Workers by religion, Non-workers, Seeking employment, Place of work, mode of transport and time taken to reach, Professionals and private practitioners, Occupational diversity, Trade and Commerce, Industry, Live stock, Markets, Fairs, Financial Institutions, Money lender, Land Revenue/Land tax and other particulars. CHAPTER V : Ethnic and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the population 33-44 Scheduled caste/Scheduled "tribe, Mother tongue, Houseless and Institutional Population, Disabled Population by type of disability, Distribution of popUlation by age, sex and marital status, Literacy and Education, Non-entoHment in school and discontinuation of study, the average age at marriage, Inter religion, inter caste marri ages and remarriages of the divorced and rwidowed persons, Correlates of age at marriage.