BIOLOGICAL INVESTIQAtlON

OF T UC

CRAB ORCHARD CR«=EK BASIN

SUMMER 1975 EPA Region 5 Records Ctr.

,-"\-.'^*^ I

7^. rti^ fMVfilONMiNTAi PROTECTION AGiNCT

-#4 ivicmfi Of WATER POllUTION CONTROl

3 STATE OF ILiiNOtS 1 r/-- ^-77

>!.

BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

OF THE

CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN

SUMMER 1975

BY

ROBERT L. HITE AND MARVIN KING

AQUATIC BIOLOGISTS

ILLINOIS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

STATE OF ILLINOIS

APRIL 1977 - - CONTENTS

; •- SECTION PAGE

; I SUMMARY 1

II INTRODUCTION , 5

' Topography and Geology 9 Soils and Land Use 9 J Climate and Hydrology 10 j Sedimentation 10 ' Local Governments and Populations 12 Industrial Development I3 '\ Point Source Dischargers I3 i Basin Impoundments I7 Stream Quality I9 I The Aquatic Environment 19 i ' III BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDIES 21

( METHODS (1 Qualitative Macroinvertebrate Collections 21 I Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Collections 21 I Indicator Organisms 23 Stream Classifications 23

RESULTS

Crab Orchard Creek to Crab Orchard Lake (Segment A-05) ,,, 25 i Crab Orchard Lake Tributaries (Segment A-06) 33 '; Crab Orchard Creek - Carbondale Area (Segment A-07) 39 Benthic Studies - Crab Orchard Lake 53

I IV SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY 59

Heavy Metals 63 f Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and PCB's 67 I V WATER QUALITY (1972 - 1976) 73

VI LITERATURE CITED 77

VII APPENDIX 79 A. Location and Classification of Biological Sampling

Stations in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin, Summer 1975 .. 80

B. Summary of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Data 85

C. Summary of Crab Orchard Creek Water Quality Data 95

D. Crab Orchard Lake Bacteriological Study, Summer 1976 ... 117 E. Toxic Substances in Fish - Crab Orchard Lake Summer 1976 125

ii LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 Major streams of Crab Orchard Creek Basin,

I.E.P.A. basin codes, and known drainage areas 7

2 Communities of the Crab Orchard Creek Basin 12

3 Locations and stream codes of wastewater dischargers in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin 14 4 Private sewage treatment systems in Carbondale and Makanda Townships, Illinois, in June, 1975 16

5 Impoundments of Crab Orchard Creek Basin, basin codes, approximate sizes of impoundments and watersheds, and spillway locations 18

6 Benthic macroinvertebrate organisms taken from Crab Orchard Lake bottom samples, July 26, 1975 55

7 Classification of sediment collection stations 61

8 Analyses of selected heavy metal constituents, Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and volatile matter in bottom sediments from Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries, summer, 1975 ... 64

9 Analyses of selected heavy metal constituents, Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and volatile matter in bottom sediments from Crab Orchard Lake, summer, 1975 65

10 Analyses of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom sediments from selected locations in Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries, summer, 1975 59

11 Analyses of selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in bottom sediments from Crab 70 Or chard Lake, summer, 1975

12 Range of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) found in bottom sediments of Illinois waters and nature of contamination 7I

13 Summary of selected water quality constituents displaying notable changes in Crab Orchard Creek (Station ND-04) , 1972 - 1976 74

111 TABLE TITLE PAGE

14 Summary of selected water quality constituents from Station ND-03, Crab Orchard Creel;, \Zil - 1976 75

15 Summary of mean annual dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentrations and fecal coliform counts at Station ITO-Ol, 1972-1976 76

-APPENDIX-

A-1 Location and classification of biological sampling stations on Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries from Pittsburg to the Big Muddy River, July - August, 1975 80

B-1 Aquatic macroinvertebrate organisms found in qualitative samples of Crab Orchard Creek from the headwaters to confluence with the Big Muddy River, July 10 - August 26, 1975 86

B-2 Aquatic macroinvertebrate organisms found in qualitative samples of Crab Orchard Creek tributaries, July 11 - August 22, 1975 88

B-3 Aquatic macroinvertebrates found in qualitative samples of Crab Orchard Creek tributaries, July 18 - August 8, 1975 90

B-4 Aquatic macroinvertebrates found in qualitative samples of Piles Fork and Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, near Carbondale, Illinois, July 16 - 29, 1975 92

C-1 Key to headings and water quality parameter abbreviations 95

C-2 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1972 97

C-3 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1973 98

C-4 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1974 99

C-5 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1975 100

LV TABLE -APPENDIX- PAGE

C-6 Crab Orchard Creek water quality summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1976 101

C-7 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1972 102

C-8 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1973 103

C-9 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1974 104

C-10 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-03, 1975 ' 105

C-11 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1976 106

C-12 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-02, 1972 107

C-13 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-02, 1973 108

C-14 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-02, 1974 109

C-15 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-02, 1975 110

C-16 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-02, 1976 Ill

C-17 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1972 112

C-18 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-Ol, 1973 113

C-19 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1974 114

C-20 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1975 115

C-21 Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1976 116 TABLE -APPENDIX- PAGE

D-1 Results of bacteriological analyses v. "^ open water samples from Crab Orchard Lake, June - September, 1976 122

D-2 Results of bacteriological analyses of beach water samples from Crab Orchard Lake, June - September, 1976 123

E-1 Summary of total mercury concentrations in fishes collected from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976 131

E-2 Total mercury concentrations found in fish collected from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976 137

E-3 Concentrations of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls found in six fish species collected from Crab Orchard Lake in the vicinity of Route 148 (Station IE), August 16-18, 1976 138

E-4 Concentrations of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls found in five fish species collected from Crab Orchard Lake (Station 2M), August 17, 1976 139

vi LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Schematic representation of Crab Orchard Creek Basin depicting general water quality conditions from the headwaters to confluence with the Big Muddy River, summer, 1975 3

Location of Crab Orchard Creek Basin in Southern

Illinois 6

Crab Orchard Creek Basin 8

Biological sampling locations in Crab Orchard Creek Basin, Segment A-05, summer, 1975 26 Municipal discharge and acid mine drainage locations in Crab Orchard Creek Basin, upstream from Crab Orchard Lake, summer, 19 75 (Segment A-05) 27

Total macroinvertebrate taxa and percent intolerant - tolerant individuals found at nine locations in upper Crab Orchard Creek (Segment A-05), summer, 1975 31

Biological sampling locations in Crab Orchard Lake tributaries. Segment A-06, July - August, 1975 34

Location of municipal and other discharges to Crab Orchard Lake tributaries. Segment A-06 35

Location of municipal and other discharges to Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries in the vicinity of Carbondale, Illinois, Segment A-07 40

10 Location of wastewater dischargers in the vicinity of Carbondale, Illinois, summer, 1975 41

11 Location and size of storm sewers and surface pipes to Piles Fork and Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, Carbondale, Illinois 43

12 Biological sampling locations in Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries in the vicinity of Carbondale, Illinois, Segment A-07, July - August, 1975 45

13 Biological sampling locations in Piles Fork and tributaries in the vicinity of Carbondale, Illinois, July 22-29, 1975 47

V13 FIGURE TITLE PAGE i . ) 14 Total macroinvertebrate taxa and percent intolerant - tolerant individuals found at i eight locations in lower Crab Orchara Cteek . j (Segment A-07), Summer, 1975 51

15 Benthic macroinvertebrate - sediment sampling i' locations and zones of pollution in Crab ' Orchard Lake, July, 1975 57 I -APPENDIX- D-1 Bacteriological sampling locations in Crab ( Orchard Lake, Summer, 1976 121

E-1 Relationship of total mercury to total body j weight of largemouth bass collected from two - ' locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976 129 1

E-2 Relationship of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S) to body weight of channel catfish from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976 133

Vll 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank Buz Imboden for the long hours spent i picking samples and identifying macroinvertebrates when employed at

this Agency's Marion Regional Office in 1975.

The authors also thank Wayne Adams and Chuck Surprenant of the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the cooperation provided during

various phases of this study.

Many of the figures used in this report were prepared by Glen Berry

of Graphic Services. Typing was accomplished by Carolyn Bonnell and

Mary Grace Given of the Marion Office.

IX SECTION I

SUMMARY

1, A biological investigation of the Crab Orchard Creek w^'ershed in

Williamson and Jackson Counties was conducted in summer, 1975, at 70 stream

locations. Fifteen locations in Crab Orchard Lake were sampled for benthic

macroinvertebrate organisms and toxic materials in bottom sediments.

2. Water quality in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin largely reflected existing

land use patterns and population centers. Good water quality was generally

found in streams in the southern portion of the basin where the Crab Orchard

National Wildlife Refuge and the Shawnee National Forest form a significant

part of the watershed. Major degradation to streams occurred near the cities

of Marion, Carterville, and Carbondale where point source discharges exist

and in sections of the watershed where coal mining operation occur (Figure 1).

A. SEGMENT A-05: Substantial degradation was observed in sections of

the upper Crab Orchard Creek Basin. Acid mine drainage from coal

mining operations resulted in degradation of the entire Little Crab

Orchard Creek 2 watershed and portions of Crab Orchard Creek in the

vicinity of the Peabody - Utility Mine. Crab Orchard Creek downstream

from Marion to the lake is degraded by inadequately treated wastewater

from the Marion wastewater treatment facility.

B. SEGMENT A-06: Major tributaries to Crab Orchard Lake, including

Wolf, Grassy and Little Grassy Creeks, generally exhibited good water

quality conditions. Pin Oak Creek, however, is severely polluted down­

stream from the Carterville wastewater treatment facility to Crab

Orchard Lake. Substantial deposition of sludge and/or organic material

has occurred in this section of Carterville Bay with an accompanying

deterioration of bacteriological water quality. C. SEGMENT A-07: Semi-polluted stream conditions were evident in

Little Crab Orchard Creek (1) and Piles Fork from Carbondale to con­

fluence with Crab Orchard Creek, with degradation particularly notable

in Little Crab Orchard downstream from the Carbondale Northwest waste­

water treatment facility. No degradation was observed in Crab Orchard

Creek downstream from the Carbondale Southeast wastewater treatment

•plant. Good water quality conditions were generally encountered in the

Drury Creek watershed, including Indian Creek and upper Sycamore Creek.

The midsection of Sycamore Creek is severely degraded down to and

including the lower section of Drury Creek by acid mine drainage from

the Carbondale Mine No. 1.

Bottom sediments from eleven background stream locations in the basin generally revealed low toxic material concentrations when contrasted to levels found in sediments in other Illinois streams. An elevation of both heavy metal and pesticide constituents was noted at two locations in Crab

Orchard Creek downstream from Marion, however. In sediment from 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake, cadmium was notably higher in Pigeon Creek Bay.

Highest concentrations of dieldrin and total DDT occurred in sediment at one

Carterville Bay location. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations were notably higher in sediments from Crab Orchard Creek and the east section of

Crab Orchard Lake when contrasted to PCB levels found at other locations in the basin. 1 ('

A total of 121 fish of six species were collected from two locations in

Crab Orchard Lake in August 1976. Fish flesh .^..^lyses for selected contaminants including total mercury, DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and polychlorinated biphenyls showed all contaminant levels to be within current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tolerance limits. Mercury results indicated that Crab Orchard largemouth bass over 6.3 pounds would probably exceed the 0.5 ppm FDA standard. PCB concentrations found in channel catfish and carp averaged 2.21 and 1.33 ppm respectively.

Channel catfish and carp taken from the east section of the lake displayed substantially higher PCB concentrations as contrasted to levels found in mid-lake fish.

2.5 RIVER

[~[ CRAB ORCHARD

DISCHARGER

MARION STW CRAB ORCHARD REFUGE STW CARTERVILLE STW U> CARBONDALE SE STW CARBONDALE N.W STW

DRAINAGE PARTON BROS NO 2 BARBARA KAY BLACK DIAMOND TAB NO. 1 & NO. 2

SCALE IN MILES

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN DEPICTING GENERAL WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS FROM THE HEADWATERS TO COBDEN CONFLUENCE WITH THE BIG MUDDY RIVER, SUMMER 1975. WATER CON­ DITIONS OF RESERVOIRS ARE NOT SHOWN IN THIS FIGURE. * SECTION II

INTRODUCTION

An intensive biological survey of the Crab Orchard Creek Basin was

conducted in July and August of 1975 in Jackson and Williamson Counties of

Southern Illinois. The primary objective of this investigation was to

document existing stream conditions in the Crab Orchard Creek watersned.

A total of 70 stream locations were sampled during the study using aquatic

macroinvertebrate organisms as indicators of water quality. Fifteen locations

were sampled in Crab Orchard Lake for benthic organisms and analysis of bottom

sediment. Sediment samples were also collected at 13 stream locations and

analyzed for heavy metal constituents, pesticides, and other parameters.

Crab Orchard Creek Basin is an area of 291 square miles, forming the

southeast 12 percent of the Big Muddy River Basin in Southern Illinois (Figure 2).

The main stem of Crab Orchard Creek originates two miles northeast of Pittsburg.

It flows generally westward for about 42 miles with an average gradient of 4.3

feet per mile*, to join the Big Muddy River one mile south of De Soto. Significant

tributaries include Drury, Little Grassy, Grassy and Wolf Creeks (Table 1), with

approximately 170 stream miles in the watershed (I.E.P.A. 1972). Crab Orchard

Lake Dam, located 16 miles upstream from the confluence with the Big Muddy

River, impounds a nine-mile segment of Crab Orchard Creek, and regulates runoff

from 196 square miles, or 67 percent of the watershed (Stall et al, 1954).

Major streams and reservoirs in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin are shown in Figure 3.

*U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps were used for all stream length

measurements and gradient calculations. SCALE IN MILES

FIGURE 2. LOCATION OF CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS, MODIFIED FROM STALL, J. B., et al. 1954. i - TABLE 1. Major streams of Crab Orchard Creek Basin, I.E.PA. basin codes and known drainage areas.

STREAM BASIN CODE DRAINAGE AREA (sq. mi.)

Crab Orchard Creek ND 291

Little Crab Orchard Creek 1 NDA

Piles Fork NDB

Drury Creek ' NDC 51

Sycamore Creek NDCA

Indian Creek NDCB

Little Grassy Creek NDDA 24

Grassy Creek NDD 27

Caney Branch NODE

Pin Oak Creek NDI

Pigeon Creek NDE

Wolf Creek NDJ 18

Sugar Creek NDJA

Little Wolf Creek NDJB

Middle Wolf Creek NDJC

Limb Branch NDF

Buckley Creek NDG

Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 NDH R. 1W. R. 1 E R. 2 E. R. 3E. R. 4 E.

00

(A

FIGURE 3. Crab Orchard Creek Basin , modified from Stall, J.B.,et al. 1954. ( i -. Topography and Geology

The northern portion of Crab Orchard Creek Basin is physiographically

located in the glaciated Mr. Vernon Hill Country which is characterized by

low, rolling hills and broad alluvial floodplains (U.S.D.A., 1968). Much of the

southern portion is in the unglaciated Shawnee Hills Section. The southern

portion of the Crab Orchard Lake watershed has generally greater elevation and

rougher topography than the northern portion. Nearly half of the watershed

has a slope of less than four percent while nearly 20 percent of the land on the

watershed has a slope greater than 12 percent (Stall et al, 1954). The land forms

are essentially controlled by bedrock, except where they were modified by a

mantle of glacial drift (U.S.D.A., 1968). The Pennsylvanian-age bedrock

underlying the Crab Orchard Creek watershed includes the lower McLeansboro

group in the northern part, the Carbondale group in the north-central part, and

the Tradewater group in the southern half. This bedrock consists primarily of

shale, sandstone, limestone, and coal. Deposits of Illinoisan glacial drift

are generally less than 100 feet thick in this area (U.S.D.A., 1968).

Soils and Land Use

Much of Crab Orchard Creek Basin was covered by wind blown silt, or loess,

two or more feet thick. This loess is now present in the upper soil layers, in

combination with light or dark clays. Five soil association types are present

in the basin. Soils are generally poorly drained and acid, with moderate to

low productivity. A large percentage of these soils have a dense, brittle silty

layer, or fragipan, two or three feet below the surface, which limits

infiltration of rainfall. (U.S.D.A., 1968). Land use in Crab Orchard Creek Basin can be placed in four categories:

cropland 62,730 acres (33.7 percent); pastureland 20,420 acres (11.0

percent); forest land 36,200 acres (19.5 percent); other land (including

urban areas, industrial areas, coal mines, state and federal lands, and farm­

steads) 66,670 acres (35.8 percent). Cropland production includes corn, wheat, soybeans, grain sorghum, oats, hay, apples, peaches, and vegetables.

Forest land is managed for commercial timber production, soil and water conser­

vation, or wildlife and recreation. Land ownership is divided among four sectors:

private 137,070 acres (73.7 percent); state 4,510 acres (2.4 percent);

U.S. Forest Service (Shawnee National Forest) 1,800 acres (1.0 percent); U.S.

Department of Interior (Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge) 42,620 acres

(22.9 percent). (U.S.D.A., 1968).

Climate and Hydrology

The climate of Crab Orchard Creek Ba.sin is classed as humid continental,

with warm humid summers and mild winters. The average frost-free date in the

fall is October 22. Average annual precipitation is 42 inches. May is normally

the wettest month; February, the driest. (U.S.D.A., 1968).

Limited moisture-absorbing capacity of surface soils, limited infiltration

through soil layers, and rapid runoff account for significant losses of total

rainfall from Crab Orchard Creek Basin. The annual runoff from the Big Muddy

River Basin represents about 11.5 inches average depth over the drainage area

(U.S.A.C.E., 1968). This figure would imply that annual runoff from Crab

Orchard Creek Basin is about 178,480 acre-feet.

Sedimentation

Because of the limited moisture holding capacity of soils in the Crab

Orchard Creek Basin, precipitation normally results in some degree of

10 surface runoff. Depending on the severity of erosion in the watershed,

runoff carries various loads of debris, organic matter and/or silt. Silt

loads deposited as sediment on floodplains and in slow-moving stream

segments and reservoirs are damaging and costly. Reservoir capacities

are reduced, and shallow, muddy areas become unsuitable for recreation.

Stream channel capacities are reduced, a situation conducive to flooding.

Stream habitats are made unfavorable for game fish and for macroinverte­

brate organisms which are necessary to support native and game fish species.

A sedimentation survey in 1951 showed that the sediment deposited in

Crab Orchard Lake amounted to 2.8 tons per acre per year from the water­

shed. Sedimentation in Crab Orchard Lake from 1940 to 1951 resulted in a

capacity loss of 0.43 percent per year. A similar survey in 1951 showed

. an average annual rate of sediment accumulation in Little Grassy Lake equiv­

alent to 3.7 tons of soil per acre from the watershed. Sediment deposited

5 in Little Grassy Lake from 1942 to 1951 reduced the storage capacity by I.

0.15 percent per year (Stall et al, 1954). From 1926 to 1948 sediment

{ accumulation in Carbondale Reservoir represented an average annual rate of f 7.9 tons per acre from the watershed. Sedimentation resulted in capacity

loss of 0.63 percent per year (Larson et al, 1951).

I . Important sources of sediment in Crab Orchard Creek Basin are farm­

land with silt and clay erosion, and coal mines which yield ferric hydroxide,

coal fines, and other inorganic materials. Reduction of sediment runoff

from agriculture areas would significantly improve water quality in the

watershed. Reclamation of old strip mines and treatment or ellnlnatlon of

discharges from old deep mines would also reduce input of suspended materials

and sediments to the streams.

11 Local Governments and Populations

Crab Orchard Creek Basin includes large portions of J.^kson and Williamson

Counties and parts of Johnson and Union Counties. Table 2 presents communities in the basin, with known 1970 and projected 1990 population figures. Carbondale and Marion, major urban centers of the basin, are the largest and third largest, respectively, of the cities in the Big Muddy River Basin.

Table 2. Communities of the Crab Orchard Creek Basin.

COMMUNITY COUNTY POPULATION

I. Incorporated 1970 1990(est.)

Carbondale Jackson 26 ,216 44,000

Marion Williamson 11 .724 13,000

Carterville Williamson 3 ,061 3,600

Cambria Williamson 798 1,000

Crainville Williamson 549 700

Pittsburg* Williamson 509 600

Spillertown* Williamson 305 400

Makanda* Jackson 176 250

II. Non-incorporated

Boskydell* Jackson

Crab Orchard* Williamson

Lakeside Water District* Williamson

* No central wastewater collection or treatment

12 f Industrial Development

j Carbondale, Marion, and Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge are centers

of industry in Crab Orchard Creek Basin. Industries which discharge waste- t I waters to municipal treatment facilities in Carbondale include Selmier-

I Peerless Commercial Laundry, Technical Tape Company, New Era Dairy, and Prairie

Farms Dairy. Marion municipal facilities treat wastewater from Pepsi-Cola

Bottling Company, Charles Todd Commercial Laundry, and five laundromats. The

Crab Orchard Refuge Wastewater Plant treats industrial and/or sanitary effluent

from Diagraph-Bradley, Midwest Brush, National Productions, Olin Corporation,

Supreme Plating, Trojan-U.S. Powder, and Marion Federal Prison (U.S.E.P.A., 1975).

Point Source Wastewater Dischargers

The large population residing within the Crab Orchard Creek Basin has

resulted in a significant number of wastewater treatment units and the discharge

of significant quantities of treated domestic wastes to streams of the watershed.

An intensive effort was made to document locations of existing Illinois

Environmental Protection Agency permitted dischargers and to correct applicable

basin codes (Table 3). Additional information on smaller facilities regulated

by county health departments was obtained through interagency cooperation.

County regulated wastewater treatment systems installed in the Williamson

County portion of Crab Orchard Creek Basin from July, 1963 to March, 19 76

included: oxidation lagoons 54; buried sand filters 155; recirculating

sand filters 34; septic tanks with seepage fields about 500 (Carr, 1976).

This accounts for a total of about 750 private sewage systems with potential

surface discharges to Crab Orchard Creek tributaries in Williamson County.

13 TABLE 3. LOCATIONS AND STREAM CODES OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGERS IN THE CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN MAP BASIN STREAM # SEGMENT CODE DISCHARGER COUNTY LOCATION TOPO #

1 A 05 NDH2 Crab Orchard Hi & Grd Sch WMSN. T9S, R4E, NE!>4 Sec. 19 272A

2 A 06 fJD9 Fairway Country Club WMSN. T;:, r,jt, m-i sec. 29 2728

3 A 05 NDl Marion STW WMSN. T9S, R2E, SWi Sec. 19 272B

4 A 05 ND2 Marion SW STW WMSN. T9S, R2E, NW!j Sec. 25 272B

5 A 05 NDl Marion W. Oxid Pond WMSN. T9S, R2E, SEJj Sec. 14 2728

6 A 05 ND2 Marion WTP WMSN. T9S, R3E, SW!s Sec. 18 2728

7 A 05 ND2 Pittsburg Grade School WMSN. TBS. R3E, SW!s Sec. 35 263D

8 A 05 N02 Tom's Bar-B-Q WMSN. T9S, R2E, SDbi Sec. 12 2728

9 A 06 NDl 9 Carterville STW WMSN. T9S, RIE, NE!» Sec. 10 264D

10 A 06 ND2 Crab Orchard Estates-Hughes WMSN. T9S, RIE, SW?s Sec. 7 264C

11 A 06 NDE9 Crab Orchard Refuge STW WMSN. T9S, R2E, NWj Sec. 19 271A

12 A 06 ND3 Crab Orchard Refuge WTP WMSN T9S, RIE, NW^ Sec. 25 271A

13 A 06 NDD7 Devils Kitchen Lake Cpgrd WMSN. TIOS, RIE, SWij Sec.16 271A

14 A 06 NDDA9 L Grassy Fish Hatchery WMSN. TIOS, RIE, NW!s Sec.17 2718

15 A 06 NDDA2 Giant City Camp Ground JKSN. TIOS, RIW, SUk Sec.36 271C

16' ' A 06 NDl 2 Greenbriar Trustees WMSN. T9S, RIE, SWis Sec. 10 264D

17 A 06 ND2 Hickory Leaf Tr Pk WMSN. T9S, RIE, NE% Sec. 14 271A

18 A 06 NDD2 Lakeview Farm Estates WMSN. TIOS, RIE, SE!» Sec.28 271D

19 A 06 NDDA3 Little Grassy Lake Cpgrd WMSN. TIOS, RIE, NU»i Sec.19 2718

20 A 06 HDI9 Logan J.A. College WMSN. T9S, RIE, SWs Sec. 10 264D

21 A 06 NO 2 Marion Federal Prison !/MSN. TIOS, R2E, NE>s Sec. 9 2728

22 A 06 no EI Southern 111. Playhouse WMSN. T9S, RIE, NEV Sec. 13 271A

23 A 06 ;ID2 University Estates Tr Pk WMSN. T9S, RIE, SEh Sec. 5 264D

24 A 06 tIDEl Williamson County Airport WMSN. T9S, R2E, SWs Sec. 8 271A

25 A 07 NDC2 Bush Mobile Hm No. 1 JKSN. T9S, RIW, NWSs Sec. 34 2718

26 A 07 NDC 2 Bush Mobile Hms No. 2 JKSN. T9S, RIW, SE"* Sec. 27 2718

27 A 07 rj02 Camelot M H P JKSN. T9S, RIW, NH»s Sec. 12 264C

28 A 07 NDB7 Carbondale NE STW JKSN. T9S. RIW, S\/lh Sec. 15 271B

29 A 07 NDA9 Carbondale NU STW JKSN. T9S, RIW, NWij Sec. 17 2718

30 A 07 NDl Carbondale SE STW JKSN. T9S, RIW, UEk Sec. 23 2718

31 A 07 NDB9 Carbondale WTP JKSN. T9S, RIW, SW^ Sec. 22 2718

32 A 07 •.••NDC2 Cedar Lane Tr Pk JKSN T9S, RIW, SEh Sec. 33 2718

33 A 07 N0C2 Chateau Apts. JKSN. T9S, RIW, S£Js Sec. 27 2718

34 A 07 ND2 Chucks Country Estates JKSN. T9S, RIW, NW>t Sec. 23 2718 lA TABLE 3. LOCATIONS AND STREAM CODES OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGERS IN THE CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN

MAP BASIN STREAM SEGMENT CODE DISCHARGER COUNTY LOCATION TOPO #

35 A ,07 • ' ND2 Country Village Apts. JKSN. T9S, RIW. SE% Sec. 13 2718

36 A 07 ND2 Crab Orchard Lake MH JKSN. T9S, RIW. NDs Sec. 13 2718

37 A 07 NDC2 Frost Trailer Ct JKSN. T9S, RIW. NW»4 Sec. 34 2718

38 A 07 NDCB2 Giant City Lodge UNION TllS, RIW, SE>s Sec. 2 271C

39 A 07 NDC 2 Giant City Picnic UNION TllS, RIW, mh Sec. 2 271C

40 A 07 NDCA2 Giant City School JKSN. TIOS. RIW, HEk Sec.11 271B

41 A 07 NDC2 Giant City Y Camp JKSN. TIOS, RIW, SUh Sec.35 271C

42 A 07 NDA2 Grn Acres Court Lgn JKSN. T9S, RIW, NWi Sec. 8 264C

43 A 07 NDB2 111 Ctl Gulf Yard JKSN. T9S. RIW. NE!a Sec. 16 271B

44 A 07 NDA2 J & R Mobl Hm Est JKSN. T9S. RIW. NWJa Sec. 9 264C

45 A 07 NDB2 Jackson Trailer Ct JKSN. T9S, RIW. NW>a Sec. 27 2718

46 A 07 NDB2 Koppers Co. Inc. JKSN. T9S, RIW. SW)a Sec. 10 2718

47 A 07 NDC2 Lakeland Hills Subd JKSN. T9S, RIW. SW!5 Sec. 26 271B

48 A 07 ND2 Gardens Restaurant WMSN. T9S, RIE, SW3s Sec. 7 2718

49 A 07 NDB2 Lincoln Village Apts JKSN. T9S, RIW, UUk Sec. 33 271B

50 A 07 NDC2 Malibu Village Inc. JKSN. T9S, RIW, SBi Sec. 33 2718

51 A 07 NDB2 Mt. Pleasant Tr Pk JKSN. T9S, RIW, SW% Sec. 27 2718

52 A 07 .NDC2 Pleasant Hill Tr Pk JKSN. T9S, RIW, NE>! Sec. 34 271B

53 A 07 NDC2 Pleasant Valley Tr Pk JKSN. T9S, RIW, SE% Sec. 27 2718

54 A 07 NDB2 Robinson Tr Pk JKSN. T9S, RIW, NW»s Sec. 22 2718

55 A 07 NDC2 Roxana Trailer Ct JKSN. T9S, RIW, SE!s Sec. 33 2718

56 A 07 ND2 San Pat Apartments JKSN. T9S, RIW, NW^ Sec. 13 2718

57 A 07 ND2 Sav-Mart Dept. Store JKSN. T9S, RIW, NEJs Sec. 13 2718

58 A 07 MDCA2 Sev Day Advent Camp JKSN. TIOS, RIW, NE>s Sec.24 271B

59 A 07 NDB2 Shamrock Apts JKSN. T9S, RIW, NW!s Sec. 33 271B

60 A 07 NDCB2 SIU L Grassy Lake JKSN. TIOS, RIW, NE!a Sec.25 2718

61 A 07 NDA2 SIU Office & Storage JKSN. T9S, RIW, NWV Sec. 29 2718

6? A 07 NDC2 Southern Mobl Hm Pk JKSN. T9S. RIW, SE^ Sec. 27 271B

63 A 07 NDA 2 Sunshine MHP JKSN. T9S. RIW. SEh Sec. 6 264C

64 A 07 NDA2 Tan-Tara MH 2 JKSN. T9S, RIW, SEii Sec. 6 264C

65 A 07 NDC 2 Town-N-Country Tr Pk JKSN. T9S, RIW. SE>s Sec. 33 2718

66 A 07 NDA2 Union Hills Lake Lenore JKSN. TIOS, RIW, SW>a Sec. 6 270A

67 A 07 NDC2 Unity Point School JKSN. TIOS, RIW, NEij Sec. 8 2718

68 A 07 NDC2 Unlv Hts Mobl Hm JKSN. T9S, RIW, SE>s Sec. 27 271B

69 A 07 , NDC2 Warrens Mobile Mm JKSN. T9S, RIW, SE>j Sec. 27 2718

70 A 07 NDCB2 Wildwood Mobile Home JKSN. TIOS, RIW. NE!s Sec. 2 271B 15 Seepage fields which function properly could be omitted from this total, as they would have no surface discharge. Soil characteristics in mo?"; of the Crab

Orchard Creek Basin, however, are unsuitable for seepage field operation. No records of private sewage treatment facilities installed before July, 1963 were available, except where complaints have been filed.

The Jackson County Health Department conducted a private sewage system evaluation survey in June, 1975. Data from this field survey were compiled by townships. Thus, data from Carbondale and Makanda Townships will serve as the best estimates available for the Jackson County portion of Crab Orchard Creek

.jasin (Table 4). These data should be viewed with the knowledge that survey personnel were temporary employees with varying degrees of expertise in sanitation.

TABLE 4 Private Sewage treatment systems in Carbondale and Makanda Townships, Illinois, in June, 1975, (Prior, 1975).

TOWNSHIP SEPTIC TANKS LAGOONS SAND FILTERS OTHERS

Carbondale 328 43 10 16

Makanda 353 98 56 12

TOTALS 681 141 66 28

16 Basin Impoundments

Numerous stream hnpouiidmeiiLs luivi- bci-ii (.-DnsLruc-Led wlLlilii Llit- Crab

Orchard Creek Basin, with several of these reservoirs exceeding 100 surface acres in size (Table 5). Crab Orchard Lake, completed in 1940 (Stall, et. al.,

1954), now part of the National Wildlife Refuge, is by far the largest reservoir in the basin (6,910 acres) and was the largest impoundment in the state at one time. Other major impoundments contributing to the water resources of the area include Little Grassy and Devil's Kitchen Lakes. Collectively, these larger reservoirs provide excellent seasonal opportunities for hunting, fishing, swimming, and boating and attract thousands of visitors annually who make significant contributions to the local economy. All three reservoirs are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a part of the Crab Orchard

National Wildlife Refuge. Devil's Kitchen is a totally undeveloped reservoir of exceptional water clarity and affords visitors scenic and aesthetic values rarely equaled in Illinois.

Three basin impoundments, Carbondale Reservoir, Crab Orchard Lake, and

Marion Reservoir are presently used as public water supplies. The City of

Carbondale plans to discontinue use of the city reservoir and rely entirely on the new Cedar Lake reservoir for its water supply in the near future.

As of March, 1976, the Soil Conservation Service indicated that a three- acre farm pond was the only new impoundment planned for construction in the

Crab Orchard Creek Basin.

17 TABLE 5 Impoundments of Crab Orchard Creek Basin, basin codes, approximate sizes of impoundments and watersheds, and spillway locations.

IMPOUNDMENT CODE AREA (a.) (sq.mi.) (T.,R.,is SEC.)

Carbondale Reservoir NDB 145 3.0 9S,1W,NW 33

Campus Lake NDB* 30 0.4 9S,1W,NW 28

Spring Arbor Lake BDCA 100 Unknown 10S,1W,SW 13

Crab Orchard Lake ND 6,910 196 9S,1E,NW 30

Little Grassy Lake NDDA 1,000 15.1 lOS.lE.SE 18

Devil's Kitchen Lake NDDD 810 19.6 10S,1E,SE 16

Skyline Hunting Club NDDD* 4.5 Unknown 10S,1E.NW 28

Lakeview Estates NDDD* 10 Unknown 10S,1E,SE 28

Tacoma Lake NDDD* 9 Unknown 10S,1E,NE 26

Lost Sixty Lake NDDB* 1.5 Unknown 10S,1E,NW 23

Herrin Lake NDJ 56.2 3.1 10S,2E,NW 20

C.V.A. Lake NDJ* 1.5 Unknown 10S,2E,NW 17

Pleasant Valley Lake NDJ* 9.6 Unknown 10S,2E,NE 29

Marion Reservoir NDFA 220 6.5 10S,2E,NE 2

Baker's Lake NDF* 6.3 . 0.3 10S,2E,SW 14

Teal Lake NDF* 28.7 Unknown 10S,2E,NE 15

Marion Small Reservoir ND* 2.1 Unknown 9S,3E,SW 18

C. & E.I. Reservoir ND* 7.9 0.5 9S,2E,NE 12

*Impoundment of an unnamed tributary j "' Stream Quality

The inherent quality of stream environments is a result of many complex,

but interrelated, variables such as climate, precipitation, geography, soil- f !

i . geochemistry and topography. These variables may affect stream flow regimes,

I stream velocity, type of bottom substrate, nature and quantity of minerals and

gases in solution, materials in suspension and ultimately regulate the J ^ abundance and composition of living aquatic communities. Stream quality, then, is a composite of many abiotic and biotic factors,and is thus a measurement of

{ the total stream environment, including chemical and physical water quality.

i 1 Streams in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin are characterized by high

turbidity and sediment loads. Stream discharge in the watershed is essentially I t dependent on surface runoff, which frequently produces high stream levels in

f association with rapid runoff. Limited ground water resources in the basin s < provide minimal contributions to maintenance of flow in most streams in the '• watershed; and with the exception of Pin Oak Creek downstream from the Carterville

Sewage Treatment Plant and Crab Orchard Creek downstream from the wastewater f I \ treatment facilities of Marion and Carbondale, all streams in the Crab Orchard

f Creek Basin are classified as intermittent (Singh and Stall, 1973). f

I ,. The Aquatic Environment I A continuous flowing uncontaminated stream containing suitable habitat

I will generally support a diverse aquatic community consisting of many species. r But due to predation, competition for space, and a limited food supply,

relatively few individuals of any one species will exist in a given area. Of the

aquatic fauna common to most streams, the limited mobility and sensitivity to

organic and/or toxic contaminants of the benthic macroinvertebrates make many

benthic species ideal indicators of existing water quality conditions. 19 As many species spend all or most of their life cycles in the aquatic environment, their presence also reflects past water quali*^y conditions which have enabled them to complete life cycles sometimes exceeding one year in length. Thus, such organisms are extremely useful in the evaluation of long term water quality trends.

The addition of a heavy organic pollutional load will dramatically alter the aquatic community structure and adversely affect stream quality. Suitable benthic habitat will often become covered with fungus, bacterial growth, sediment or sludge-like materials rendering substantial sections of streams unfit for habitation by many stream animals.

Intermittence in stream flow and lack of suitable habitat may limit the diversity and/or abundance of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. It is thus a concern in field sampling to minimize all physical variables affecting aquatic organisms so differences in their abundance and composition may be attributed to water quality changes. Through a thorough sampling of a stream benthic macro­ invertebrate community, knowledge of an organism's habitat preference, and sensitivity to contaminants, an accurate assessment of water quality conditions may be made. Major aquatic macroinvertebrate groups typically used in water quality assessment include the insects, annelids, molluscs, flatworms, and crustaceans.

20 I SECTION III BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDIES

, METHODS

Qualitative Macroinvertebrate Collections I E Macroinvertebrate collections were initiated in the Crab Orchard t Creek Basin on July 10, 1975, with final field samples taken on I August 26, 1975. Qualitative samples were taken at 70 stream locations f with a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve, longhandled dlpnet and by hand picking

aquatic organisms from available substrates such as logs and rocks. The

3 objective of qualitative studies is to determine the presence or absence

; of aquatic organisms having varying degrees of tolerance to contaminants

and to obtain information on the diversity of species (Weber, 1973).

( The qualitative sampling approach requires an exhaustive sampling of all available habitat types to collect the majority of species or taxa present I i in that locality. Time expenditure per station for collections was based

I upon the law of diminishing returns (i.e., sampling was conducted until

most available taxa had been collected and was terminated when approxi- } mately 10 minutes of additional sampling failed to produce new taxa). I All organisms were preserved in the field with 5% formalin or 95% ethanol f j and returned to the Marion Regional Environmental Protection Agency office

I for enumeration and identification. Final preservation was in 95%

ethanol. Field notes were recorded at each station for physical parameters

I and conditions encountered. Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Collections f -^ [ Replicate (two) benthic macroinvertebrate samples were taken at i 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake on August 26 and 28, 1975 vrlth a Wildco I Petite Ponar Grab Sampler. Quantitative sampling with devices such as

21 the Petite Ponar does not provide the degree of diversity information as obtained with the qualitative sampling approach. Sampling bias from different collectors is minimized, however, and usf»ful pi^dmates of macroinvertebrate community biomass (or standing crop) are obtained. The 2 2 Petite Ponar samples a bottom area of 0.25 Ft (0.023M ), allowing a station by station assessment on an areal basis.

All samples were washed in a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve and preserved in a 5% formalin solution. Samples were then returned to the Marion

Office where benthic organisms were separated from the detritus, sorted and identified. Final preservation was in 95% ethanol.

Indicator Organisms

Upon identification, all organisms collected were assigned a tolerance status in accordance with known environmental requirements, current scientific literature and/or previous field experience. The four tolerance status categories for aquatic macroinvertebrates found in

Illinois waters are defined as:

INTOLERANT: Organisms whose life cycle is dependent upon a narrow range of environmental conditions. They are rarely found in areas of organic enrichment and are replaced by more tolerant species upon degradation of their environment.

MODERATE: Organisms which lack the extreme sensitivity to environ­ mental stress displayed by Intolerant species but cannot adapt to severe environmental degradation. Such organisms normally increase in abundance with slight to moderate levels of organic enrichment.

FACULTATIVE: Organisms which display the ability to survive over a wide range of environmental conditions and possess a greater degree of tolerance to adverse conditions than either intolerant or moderate species. The facultative tolerance status also includes all organisms which depend upon surface air for respi­ ration.

TOLERANT: Organisms which not only have the ability to survive over . a wide range of environmental extremes but are generally capable of thriving in water of extremely poor quality and even anaerobic conditions. Such organisms are often found in great abundance in areas of organic pollution.

22 Stream Classifications

Each biological sampling station was then assigned a classification

based upon the abundance of Intolerant organisms present. The classifi­

cations presently used by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency to

evaluate lotic (stream) environments are:

1. Balanced Environment: Intolerant organisms are many in number and species, or more in numbers than other forms present.

Intolerant present ^ 50% Moderate, Facultative and Tolerant usually present £50%

2. Unbalanced Environment: Intolerant organisms are less in number than other forms combined, but combined with moderate forms, they usually outnumber tolerant forms.

Intolerant present < 50% Moderate, Facultative and but >_ 10% Tolerant usually present > 50% 3. Semi-polluted Environment: Intolerant organisms are few or may not be present. Moderate and/or facultative organisms present.

Intolerant present *J 10% Moderate, Facultative and Tolerant usually present > 90%

4. Polluted Environment: Intolerant organisms absent, only tolerant organisms present or no organisms present.

Tolerant present 100%*

*Organisms which are not adapted to inhabit a polluted environment are occasionally collected as a result of factors produced by the drift and are not representative.

5. Natural or artificial bare area.

It should be noted that aquatic communities cannot always be placed into neatly defined stream classifications to reflect pollutional condi­ tions. Stream classifications as used in this report are intended to aid those persons not having sufficient time or training to Interpret raw macroinvertebrate data. Differences in stream quality found in this study not adequately defined by stream classifications are discussed in terms of degradation or changes in stream quality.

23 RESULTS

CRAB ORCHARD CREEK TO CRAB ORCHARD LAKE (SEGMENT A-05)

Biological sampling of Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries upstream from

the lake was conducted from July 11 to August 26, 1975. A total of 20 locations were assessed for stream quality in Segment A-05 (Figure 4). Major tributaries

to Crab Orchard Creek in Segment A-05 include Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 and

Limb Branch which is impounded 2.5 miles south of Marion to form Marion Reservoir,

that city's public water supply.

Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 (Stations 19-20)

Two stations sampled in Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 in 1975 indicated degraded

conditions existed in much of that watershed downstream from its origin near the

community of Crab Orchard. Semi-polluted conditions were found at Stations 19

and 20, 1.9 and 4.0 miles respectively, downstream from Crab Orchard. Red ferric

hydroxide deposition was evident at both stations and pH measurements of 2.9 and

2.8 were recorded. A total of 5.0 miles of Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 downstream

from the town of Crab Orchard to confluence with Crab Orchard Creek was severely

degraded by mine drainage.

Approximately 14 coal mining sites, some of which are abandoned, are located

within the Little Crab Orchard Creek 2 watershed. Seven of these are known to be

sources of acid drainage to this stream (Figure 5). Major acid drainage sources

in this area include:

(1) The Barbara Kay Mine;

(2) The Black Diamond Mine;

(3) and the Parton Brothers No. 2 Mine.

25 FIGURE 4. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN. (SEG. A-05 SUMMI R 1975

SAMPLING STATION LEGEND

o — Macroinvertebrates Q - Sediment O - VVater Qualitv SPILLERTOW

CRAB ORCHARD

ON FIGURE 5. MUNICIPAL DISCHARGE AND ACID MINE DRAINAGE LOCATIONS IN CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN, UPSTREAM FROM CRAB ORCHARD LAKE, SUMMER 1975 (SEGMENI A-05).

SPILLERTOWN

//

N''AH ION STW MARION SW STW MARION WOXID POND MARION WTP

UNKNOWN MINE UNKNOWN MINt CHANEY & GRESHAM HAL ARMSTRONG MINI

BLACK CRYSTAL C & r MINE KNIGMITURNER OAK GROVI KEYSTONE MINE NORTHSIOE al LEGEND

ACID MINE DRAINAGE LOCATIONS

MUNICIPAL & MISC DISCHAIiGI S Buckley Creek (Station 18)

Unbalanced stream conditions were found at one locr^i^n sampled in Buckley

Creek approximately 2.1 miles southwest of Pittsburg, Illinois. This small stream which originates just west of Pittsburg, flows in a southeasterly direction before having confluence with Crab Orchard Creek. A good portion of the stream flows through and/or is adjacent to strip mine areas, the largest being the

Peabody-Utility Mine. A red-orange ferric hydroxide deposition was noted on all bottom substrates indicating mine drainage to this small stream. Macroinvertebrate samples taken on July 11, however. Indicated minimal effect of this mine drainage

n stream quality. A pH measurement of 6.9 was recorded on the above sampling date.

Crab Orchard Creek Tributary (Station 28)

Semi-polluted stream conditions were found in a small unnamed tributary

to Crab Orchard Creek one mile west of Marion. This stream originates in the vicinity of the Hal Armstrong Mine and the E & B //2 Mine northwest of Marion and has confluence with Crab Orchard Creek 1.5 miles upstream from Crab Orchard

Lake. Stream conditions noted on August 22 at this location were attributed to urban runoff, lack of flow and a cattle pasture in this area. No evidence of mine drainage was noted at this location.

Limb Branch (Stations 26-27)

Biological samples collected in Limb Branch on July 11 upstream and down­

stream from the Marion Reservoir indicated good water quality conditions in this

small tributary. Balanced stream conditions were found upstream from the

teservoir (Station 26) and unbalanced conditions 0.9 miles do^vnstream from the

reservoir dam. The unbalanced conditions encountered downstream from the Marion

Reservoir Dam are attributed to factors associated with the reservoir and do not '28 represent a reduction in water quality. Effects of the reservoir on stream

1 organisms include, but are not limited to, reduction in organism drift,

I elevation of water temperatures in warm periods, and reduction and/or elimination i of flow during dry conditions. I I Crab Orchard Creek Tributaries - Marion (Stations 21-25)

I Five locations on small tributaries to Crab Orchard Creek in the vicinity i of Marion, Illinois, were sampled in July-August, 1975. Stations 21-22 were

located on a tributary originating east of Spillertown which flows in a south-

! southwest direction east of Marion. Semi-polluted conditions were encountered

at both sampling locations. The upper section of this small tributary is I

I affected by acid mine drainage froi.i the Blue Ribbon No. 2 Mine southeast of

, Spillertown. A pH of 3.0 was recorded at Station 21 on August 22, 1975, and

ferric hydroxide deposition was noted on the stream bottom. Biotic data

I revealed considerable improvement in stream quality in this tributary at Station t i 22, 3.9 miles downstream (from Station 21) at Market Street, in south Marion. t The pH value recorded was 6.9 and no red-orange iron deposits were noted. i Three locations were sampled on a small tributary flowing through the «

City of Marion. Semi-polluted conditions were found at Station 24 at Mitchell i. Street, 1.6 miles downstream from the Marion West Oxidation Pond. Flow from the

{ oxidation pond constituted most of the flow in the tributary and was green in

color. Severely degraded conditions were found at Stations 25 and 23 in the

I 0.3 miles of this Crab Orchard Creek tributary downstream from the Marion Sewage

Treatment Plant. I J

29 Crab Orchard Creek (Stations 03 to 10 & 14)

Crab Orchard Creek originates about two miles nor'-hea'-L of Pittsburg in

Williamson County and flows for about 17.0 miles in a southwesterly direction before entering Crab Orchard Lake. Principle sources of degradation to Crab

Orchard Creek in Segment A-05 included mine drainage from numerous coal operations in the area and inadequately treated wastewater from the City of

Marion.

Unbalanced stream conditions were found in the headwater portions of Crab

Orchard Creek (Stations 05-06) to where the stream receives mine drainage from the Utility-Peabody Mine southwest of Pittsburg. Semi-polluted stream conditions were noted in this area (Station 07). Degradation to this section of the creek is also increased somewhat by the addition of mine drainage from the Little Crab

Orchard Creek watershed. It was estimated that approximately 2.0 miles of Crab

Orchard Creek proper between Pittsburg and Route 13 were affected by mine drainage in 1975. Total miles of stream in Segment A-05 affected by mine drainage would be substantial if all small tributaries were included, particularly during periods of high flow.

Crab Orchard Creek between Route 13 and Market Street south of Marion

(Stations 04 & 08) was unbalanced in summer 1975. Semi-polluted conditions, however, persisted for 5.5 miles downstream from the Marion Sewage Treatment

Plant to just upstream from Crab Orchard Lake. Degradation was particularly

severe at Route 37 and south of Carbon Street (Stations 09 & 14) where only

11 macroinvertebrate taxa were found (Figure 6).

30 STREAM MILES 4.2 5.0 7.8 10.9 11.4 12.8 14.5 16.7 r I I 70 - 91.1 88.1 78.5 n7| — INTOLERANT u, 60 I- _i <£. — TOLERANT Q t: 50 I-

40 t— o 30

20

10

>> >> (O (t> •1- Q- E c Xi f— +J S- ^ i- 1- •1- to to -1- •1- O (J (O t/) _i 1. o

05 36 07 04 08 14 03 10 STATIONS

Figure 6. Total macroinvertebrate taxa and percent intolerant-tolerant individuals found at nine locations in upper Crab Orchard Creek (Segment A-05), summer, 1975. CRAB ORCHARD LAKE TRIBUTARIES (SEGMENT A-06)

Segment A-06 forms the mid-portion of the Crab Orchard Creek Basin and consists of all streams tributary to and including Crab Orchard Lake. Major streams in this segment include Little Grassy Creek, Grassy Creek and Wolf

Creek, all of which lie south of Crab Orchard Lake and constitute the major drainage area of this segment (Figure 7). Two large impoundments. Little

Grassy Lake and Devil's Kitchen Lake, are also located in the southern portion of Segment A-06. Crab Orchard Lake tributaries to the south are generally unaffected by any of the six existing point-source discharges. No sample was taken in the unnamed tributary downstream from the Marion Federal Prison because of restricted access.

Crab Orchard Lake tributaries on the north side of the lake constitute a relatively minor portion of the drainage area of this segment. Two tributaries, however, receive significant effluent from wastewater treatment facilities (Figure 8). Prior to entering Crab Orchard Lake, Pin Oak Creek receives wastewater from the City of Carterville, John A.Logan Jr. College and Greenbriar Subdivision. Effluent from the Crab Orchard National Wild­ life Refuge is discharged into Pigeon Creek.

Pin Oak Creek (Stations 34-37)

Pin Oak Creek flows south approximately 1.5 miles from the northwest side of Carterville to where it enters Crab Orchard Lake, immediately south of Route

13. Severely degraded conditions were e^ -lent immediately downstream from the Carterville Sewage Treatment Plant ar.J these conditions persisted downstream for 0.8 mile to Crab Orchard Lake. Effects of the John A.Logan Jr. College discharge on the already degraded Pin Oak Creek were not apparent. The John A.

Logan Jr. College discharge is located about 250 yards downstream from the

Carterville discharge. Moderate enrichment (semi-polluted conditions) were

33 FIGURE 7. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN CRAB ORCHARD LAKE TRIBUTARIES, SEGMENT A-06, JULY - AUGUST, 1975. 34 Litt

FIGURE 8. LOCATION OF MUNICIPIAL AND OTHER DISCHARGES TO CRAB ORCHARD LAKE TRIBUTARIES, SEGMENT A-06. NUMERICAL KEY TO DISCHARGES SHOWN ABOVE ARE PROVIDED IN TABLE 3. 35 found in a small Pin Oak Creek tributary downstream from the Greenbriar Sub­ division wastewater treatment lagoons.

Pigeon Creek (Stations 29-30)

Two stations were evaluated in Pigeon Creek in the vicinity of the refuge sewage treatment facility. Unbalanced stream conditions were found at locations upstream and downstream from the treatment facility indicating minimal deterio­ ration in stream quality in the 0.6 mile of Pigeon Creek downstream from the refuge plant.

Wolf Creek (Stations 31-32)

Balanced stream conditions were found at two stations in Wolf Creek south of Crab Orchard Lake. Wolf Creek, which originates in Union County and flows in a general northward direction for about 13.0 miles before entering Crab

Orchard Lake, did not exhibit significant non-point source degradation. Erosion and subsequent deposition of sediment in the streams and ultimately Crab Orchard

Lake, appears to be the major problem in this extremely hilly watershed. Land uses within the Wolf Creek watershed consist primarily of agriculture with a substantial portion of the total acreage in pasture and timber.

Sugar Creek (Station 33)

The origin of Sugar Creek is about 5.0 miles south of Crab Orchard Lake near Wolf Creek Road. The stream flows predominantly north through the Crab

Orchard National Wildlife Refuge before entering Crab Orchard Lake. Much of the land adjacent to Sugar Creek in the refuge is in crop production, primarily corn and milo, for the overwintering goose flock. Unbalanced stream conditions found at one location in Sugar Creek reflect the existing land use and inter­ mittent nature of this small stream.

Caney Branch (Station 40)

Unbalanced stream conditions were found at one stream location in Caney

Branch 2.0 miles northeast of Devil's Kitchen Lake. A large portion of the

36 I I . • «

( . watershed of thi.*? small Crnssy f'roclc trihiil;iry i;. in firnhf-r or oilier vc'Krt.ntlvp I i cover. The clear water and stream condition.s found in Caney Branch are typical j . of watersheds in this area having little acreage in cultivation.

Grassy Creek (Stations 38-39) I 1 . Grassy Creek is one of the larger tributaries to Crab Orchard Lake, having

[ '. origin in Union and Johnson Counties west of Goreville, Illinois. Grassy Creek 1 and tributaries are impounded in the southwest portion of Williamson County to

I form the 810 acre Devil's Kitchen Lake, a deep and remarkably clear reservoir

for a state whose impoundments are typically muddy and turbid. Much of this

; lake's watershed is in forest as a portion of the Crab Orchard Wildlife Refuge

! and Shawnee National Forest. 1 Macroinvertebrate collections from two Grassy Creek locations indicated

! very good water quality. Unbalanced stream conditions were found at one

location upstream from Devil's Kitchen Lake and balanced conditions were found

I; 1.8 miles downstream from Devil's Kitchen. Other tributaries to Devil's Kitchen

( Lake which were not sampled in this study, were expected to exhibit water quality ( conditions similar to that found in Grassy Creek. Little Grassy Creek (Stations 41-42) Little Grassy Creek was formerly the major tributary to Grassy Creek prior » t ', to the impoundment of Crab Orchard Creek. Now both streams flow directly into

I a bay in the southwest corner of Crab Orchard Lake known locally as Grassy Bay. i Little Grassy Creek is impounded to form a reservoir of 1,000 acres about two

I miles west of Devil's Kitchen Lake known as Little Grassy Lake. A large portion

of the watershed of this creek is in forest as a part of the Crab Orchard

{ National Wildlife Refuge and Shawnee National Forest. U.S. Geological Survey f maps indicate a somewhat greater portion of the Little Grassy watershed to be

cleared and in some type of agriculture as contrasted to the Devil's Kitchen

I watershea. This is undoubtedly influential in the higher turbidity routinely

37 observed in this reservoir.

Two sampling stations were located in the Little Grassy watershed.

Unbalanced stream conditions were found in the tributary upstream from the southwest lake arm and in Little Grassy Creek 1.7 miles downstream from the lake. High macroinvertebrate diversity and presence of sensitive forms indicated very good stream quality at both stations.

Two small discharges. Giant City and Little Grassy Lake Campgrounds are located within the lake watershed. Both campgrounds rarely have any discharge and are not considered to impact the lake proper.

Little Grassy Fish Hatchery presently diverts water from the lake for the culture of several warm water fish species. Effluent resulting from fish culture practices at this facility, enter Little Grassy Creek 0.7 miles downstream from the lake. The Department of Conservation currently plans to renovate the facility and divert additional water from the lake. When discharged from the hatchery,

the effluent should provide "low flow augmentation", and some enrichment to Little

Grassy Creek.

38 CRAB-'ORCHARD CREEK - CARBONDALE .AREA (SEGMENT A-07)

Segment A-07 consists of Crab Orchard Crek and tributaries downstream

/ • [ from Crab Orchard Lake. With the exception of a few small tributaries in i Williamson County, all streams in Segment A-07 are located within Jackson and ! i Union Counties. Major tributaries to Crab Orchard Creek in this segment

include Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, Piles Fork, and Drury Creek. Significant

tributaries to Drury Creek include Indian and Sycamore Creeks.

Carbondale is the largest municipalitv with:n Segment A-07 with a population

of about 27,000, and Southern Illinois Lniversity, located on the southern

edge of Carbondale, normally has in excess of 20,000 students when in session.

In addition to two operational wastewater treatment facilities for the City,

a significant number of discharges result from apartments and trailer courts

associated with -the transient university ' >pi>pulation. A total of 46 permitted

discharges were present in this segment as of summer, 1975, with the majority of

these being small treatment facilities for trailer courts or apartment complexes

(Figures 9 and 10). One strip mining operation is active in the Sycamore

Creek Watershed.

Little Crab Orchard Creek (Stations 64-70)

Little Crab Orchard Creek 1 (the second stream of this name in the Crab

Orchard Creek watershed) originates approximately 3.2 miles southwest of

Carbondale in an area of gently sloping hills of predominantly agricultural nature.

39 LEGEND

I I DISCHARGE LOCATIONS

(j\ ACID DRAINAGE ( TAB MINING CO.

E GRASSY LAKE

FIGURE 9. LOCATION OF MUNICIPAL AND OTHER DISCHARGES TO CRAB ORCHARD CREEK AND TRIBUTARIES IN THE VICINITY OF CARBONDALE. ffiSoiS mlS^nZmZll'f. ''' '° '''''''''' '"°"' oS'TilS F?GURE

40 11 ©14 I

-\ rvP

\^ 14 SCALE -i/

1000

«iST.Jt,7,l 57 YARDS a 1''--,' -.•VHl-'^-

-'J Ui p ,"J1..-T- -=-- ! "/v ;l ••:•::::. :.v.-.V^ : ^Lsk.-li

^ 4 28 ['i~, ,|W5IU)

• ,SIU,Dairy' \ i ;f Unit ; I

_;• ^

jPrcmc ,_.l*'aa L >•; \

I EVERGREEN I PARK .^;:: 34

; '•'•-

!'-• 7-^n

.J.,

FIGURE 10. LOCATION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGERS IN THE VICINITY OF CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, SUMMER 1975. NUMERICAL KEY TO DISCHARGERS SHOWN ABOVE IS PROVIDED IN TABLE 3. Al The creek is generally a low gradient and sluggish stream and flows for about

12.5 miles prior to having confluence with Crab Orchard Creek north of Carbondale.

Approximately 1.3 miles of this stream have been channelized on the west side of Carbondale. Little Crab Orchard Creek receives surface drainage in this area from five storm drains of varying dimensions (Figure 11). About one mile down­ stream from Route 13, the creek receives treated wastewater from the Carbondale

NW Sewage Treatment facility.

Biological samples were collected at a total of seven stations in Little

Crab Orchard Creek in the vicinity of Carbondale (Figure 12). Unbalanced stream conditions existed at Station 64 upstream from Carbondale. A noticeable deterior­ ation in stream quality (semi-polluted conditions), however, was apparent at

"-oute 13 in the vicinity of the Murdale Shopping Center and continued for about

1.1 miles downstream (Station 65 to 66). The semi-polluted conditions encountered in this area were attributed to several factors including drainage from storm sewers and modification of the stream channel resulting in a loss of shading and subsequent elevation of stream temperatures. Further degradation to Little Crab

Orchard Creek was evident at Station 67, downstream from the NW Sewage Treatment

Plant discharge. This deterioration in stream conditions extended for approximately 1.5 miles downstream. Unbalanced conditions were found at Stations

69 and 70, downstream to Crab Orchard Creek.

The City of Carbondale has recently installed new sewer lines at the NW

Sewage Treatment Plant which will divert effluent from Little Crab Orchard directly to the Big Muddy River. This system will be operational by summer,

1977, and should result in substantial water quality improvements to Little

Crab Orchard Creek.

42 FIGURE n. LOCATION AND SI )F STORM SEWERS AND SURFACE PIPE > PILES FORK AND t . LITTLE CRAB ORCHARD CREEK, CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS. SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPE IS GIVEN IN FEET.

U) SAMPLING STATION LEGEND

o MACROINVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT t SCALE IN MILES

FIGURE 12. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN CRAB ORCHARD CREEK AND TRIBUTARIES IN THE VICINITY OF CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, SEGMENT A-07 , JULY & AUGOST, 1975.

45 Piles Fork (Stations 52-63)

Piles Fork is a small Crab Orchard Creek tributary hav'-.ig origin about three miles southwest of Carbondale. The stream flows northeast for about 7.2 miles before reaching Crab Orchard Creek northeast of Carbondale. About one mile south of Carbondale, Piles Fork is impounded to form a 145 acre reservoir, formerly the city's water supply. Downstream from the Carbondale Reservoir to the location of the inactive NE Sewage Treatment Plant, a distance of about 3.2 stream miles. Piles Fork flows through a predominantly urban area.

Stream quality in Piles Fork is affected by many factors. Extensive channel modification and/or straightening has occurred in many sections and a total of

18 known storm sewers or surface drainage pipes are present. In addition to the

Southern Illinois Dairy Unit located southwest of Carbondale, four miscellaneous wastewater treatment facilities discharge or have the potential to discharge to

Piles Fork in this section of stream (Figure 10).

Piles Fork was sampled biologically at 12 locations in July, 1975, (Figure 13),

Unbalanced stream conditions were found in a short section of Piles Fork downstream

from the Carbondale Reservoir (Stations 52 and 53). Downstream from Station 53,

Piles Fork receives effluent from the Lincoln Village Apartments via a small

tributary. The activated sludge plant of this apartment complex was not

operational in August of 1975 and semi-polluted conditions existed in this

section of Piles Fork. Partial recovery was apparent 0.5 miles downstream at

Station 55, where unbalanced conditions existed. Semi-polluted conditions were

present in Piles Fork downstream from Station 56 for a distance of well over

three miles (Stations 56 to 63). Significant sources of degradation in Piles

Fork in the Carbondale area include: a discharge from the Southern Illinois

University power plant, acid mine drainage at E.ast Park Street, the Carbondale

46 DU OUOir^ 20 Ml DE SOTO *1 7 1V I jfg 4 «. •/ .4-

\\ HM 19 1 /

FIGURE 13. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS JPionic Outlet-; •, lArea . IN PILES FORK AND TRIBUTARIES IN THE VICINITY OF CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, JULY 22-29, 1975. Water Treatment Plant, and a storm sewer located at East Walnut Street.

Locations of storm sewers and other surface discharges to Piles Fork are shown in Figure 11.

Drury Creek (Stations 43-47)

Drury Creek is the largest of the Crab Orchard Creek tributaries having origin just east of Cobden in Union County. The stream flows in a general north

to northeast direction for approximately 20.0 stream miles prior to having

confluence with Crab Orchard Creek east of Carbondale. Major tributaries to

Drury Creek include Sycamore and Indian Creeks.

Five stations sampled in Drury Creek in summer, 1975, indicated unbalanced

to balanced stream conditions from Makanda to Sycamore Creek (Stations 43-46).

No major point source discharges enter Drury Creek upstream from Boskydell.

Major land uses which impact Drury Creek in this section are essentially

agricultural in nature and include row crops, pasture, and orchards. Between

Boskydell and Drury Creek's confluence with Crab Orchard Creek, 13 small

discharges enter the watershed (Figure 10) with no measurable impact. Drury

Creek is significantly impacted by acid mine drainage, however, downstream

from Sycamore Creek to its confluence with Crab Orchard Creek, a distance of

1.5 stream miles. A field pH of 4.3 was recorded at Station 47 on August 11.

Sycamore Creek (Stations 50-51)

Sycamore Creek is 6.3 miles in length and originates about one mile west

of Little Grassy Lake in Section 24 of Carbondale Township in Jackson County.

Upstream from the Giant City Road, Sycamore Creek is impounded to form the

loo acre Spring Arbor Lake.

48 Two locations were sampled in Sycamore Creek in 19 75. Balanced stream

conditions were found at Station 50, located east of Giant City School.

Severe stream degradation was evident at Station 51, however, downstream from the Carbondale Mine ifl (formerly Tab Mine), operated by Three States Trucking.

An orange ferric hydroxide-like deposition evident on the stream bottom and a pH value of 2.8 recorded on August 9, 1975, were indicative of acid mine drainage at this location. A total of approximately 2.2 miles of stream were

affected by mine drainage in Sycamore Creek.

Indian Creek (Stations 48-49)

Indian Creek originates southeast of Makanda in Giant City State Park and

flows in a general northward direction for 10.7 miles before entering Drury

Creek. Unbalanced conditions were found at two locations in Indian Creek in

1975. The transition from a watershed essentially in forest, to that of

agriculture accounts'for a slight deterioration in stream quality noted in the

lower portion of Indian Creek.

Crab Orchard Creek (Stations 02,11 to 16, 01 & 17)

Downstream from the Lake, Crab Orchard Creek flows in a general northwest

direction for about 16 miles before having confluence with the Big Muddy River,

four miles north of Carbondale. Eight locations in this section of Crab Orchard

Creek were sampled biologically to assess existing stream conditions.

Semi-polluted stream conditions and a limited macroinvertebrate community

were found at Station 02, downstream from the Crab Orchard Lake spillway. The

reduction in the aquatic fauna in this section of the stream was attributed to

physical factors (lack of drift organisms from upstream and seasonal inter­

mittent flow) rather than water quality limitations. Chemical data from the

49 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Monitoring Station

ND-02, from 1972 through 1976, generally revealed good water quality, with most routinely monitored constituents within state standi^ds (Appendix C).

Stream conditions at the seven remaining locations sampled in Crab

Orchard Creek downstream from Drury Creek to near the Big Muddy River were found to be unbalanced. Effects of acid mine drainage from the Sycamore -

Drury Creeks system were apparent, however, at Station 11, where the abundance of sensitive stream organisms was reduced in contrast to other stations downstream in Crab Orchard Creek (Figure 14). No effects from the

Carbondale Southeast Sewage Treatment Plant discharge were noted in Crab

Orchard Creek at Stations 12 and 13, 0.1 and 1.2 miles downstream from the treatment facility. A slight decrease in stream quality was apparent in

Crab Orchard Creek for approximately five miles downstream from Piles Fork

(Stations 16 and 01). Creosote-like globules were present in bottom sediments at both sampling stations. This material probably originated from the Koppers wood treatment facility in Carbondale, which discharged to a

Piles Fork tributary near its confluence with Crab Orchard Creek until

November 1976. Station 17, about one mile upstream from the Big Muddy River exhibited a slight increase in sensitive organisms although total taxa remained similar to numbers present at Stations 16 and 01.

50 STREAM MILES

-^ -a OJ (U OJ i~ i- ro Q. o o (_) (_> -o 1— 5- C 00 > O to r— rtj s^ J3 UJ ••-> J= 3 J- 1/1 ••-> (J i. lO •I- I- s- Q o —I o 35

30

=1 25 o 20 or UJ CO 15

10 -

Figure 14. Total macroinvertebrate taxa and percent intolerant-tolerant individuals found at eight locations in lower Crab Orchard Creek (Segment A-07), summer 1975. 51 I CRAB ORCHARD LAKE j , Crab Orchard Lake was constructed in 1940 by the Works Progress

Administration and the Soil Conservation as a multi-purpose reservior

' . (Stall et al. 1954). At the time of its completion. Crab Orchard Lake

I < was the largest manmade reservoir in the state. It presently ranks as

the fourth largest reservoir in the state behind Carlyle, Rend and Shelby- i ville. The lake is approximately nine miles long (14.5 kilometers) with 2 a surface area of 6965 acres (28.19 Km ). Mean depth in the reservoir

! is 3.0 meters and maximum depth is slightly over 10 meters. j' Crab Orchard Lake was one of 31 Illinois lakes sampled in 1973 in

conjunction with the National Eutrophication Survey conducted by the United

[ States Environmental Protection Agency. Based on nutrient loadings from three

sampling periods, the reservoir was considered eutrophic and ranked eighth I I - in overall trophic quality. Significant water quality problems in Crab i Orchard Lake include nutrient enrichment and sedimentation resulting from I I erosion within the lake watershed and erosion of the lake shoreline. A j total of over 20 point source discharges are located within the lake water­ shed and contribute nutrients to the lake. Major sources of nutrient contri- [- i bution include wastewater treatment facilities operated by the Crab Orchard

' National Wildlife Refuge, John A. Logan Jr. College and the cities of Marion i, and Carterville. Point sources were estimated to contribute 26.3% of the

total phosphorus contribution to the lake (USEPA, 1975). This figure was

undoubtedly low, however, considering nutrient loadings were predicated upon

L only five wastewater treatment facilities and septic tanks at two marinas

[ and five campgrounds.

Benthic samples collected at 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake on July 26,

1975, revealed a very limited macroinvertebrate community. A total of five

53 major taxonomic groups were found in the lake sampling (Table 6). The benthic fauna consisted of dipteran larvae, fingernail clams and oligochaetes

(aquatic worms or sludgeworms). Dipterans included the phantom midge,

Chaoborus sp., some biting midges (Heleidae) and Chironomids or true midges.

Several midge species were noted in the samples, but time limitations pre­ cluded specific identifications. The oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi, was noted in several samples. Abundance and distribution of the macrofauna in

Crab Orchard Lake generally varied with depth and pollutional loadings.

Chaoborus increased from 0 at 0.3 meters (Station 82) to over 3,000 individ- uals/M^ at 10.4 meters (Station 85). Midges and aquatic worms, which respond positively to organic enrichment were common at most stations. No midge fauna were found at Station 85, however, where extinction of oxygen probably occurred at that depth (>10 meters). Greatest numbers of these tolerant bottom dwelling organisms were found in areas of organic enrichment at the east section of the lake downstream from Marion, the Pigeon Creek Bay area and Carterville Bay. Benthic sampling locations and areas of significant organic enrichment in Crab Orchard Lake, based upon numerical abundance of sludgeworms, are shown in Figure 15.

Bacteriological Wat&r Quality

In Summer, 1976, an investigation to ascertain bacteriological water quality in the vicinity of the four Crab Orchard Lake beach areas was initiated by the Illinois Department of Public Health in cooperation with the Crab

Orchard National Wildlife Refuge and the Illinois Environmental Protection

Agency. A total of 675 samples were collected at 18 locations in Crab

Orchard Lake for total coliform and fecal coliform analysis. Bacterial counts were found to be satisfactory for over 94% of 337 samples collected in beach areas and for over 96% of 338 samples taken in other areas of the lake (Buitt,

1976). Results of this study are s.hown in Appendix D.

55 TABLE 6. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ORCANI.SMS TAKEN FROM CRAB ORCHARD LAKE BOTTOM SAMP". "S, JULY 6, 1975. ALL SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED WITH A PETITE PONAR GRAB SAMPLER.

STATIONS: 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

MEAN NUMBER OF ORGANISMS/SAMPLE

Diptera (flies - midges)

Chaoborus sp. (phanton midge) 1.5 4.0 2.0 2.5 4.5 22.0 19.5 39.5 21.5 32.5 18.5 0 54.0 62.0 75.0

Heleidae (biting midge) 0 0 0.5 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 0 2.5 2.0 0 0.5 0

Chironomidae 182.0 138.5 123.0 128.0 96.5 135.0 42.5 63.5 114.0 34.5 170.0 107.5 8.5 3.5 0

Sphaerlidae (fingernail clams) 000000000 0.5 0 0 1.5 0 o'

Ollgochaeta (worms) 107.5 53.5 64.0 96.5 14.0 11.0 50.5 35.0 7.0 28.0 8.0 367.0 25.0 25.0 12.0

ESTIMATED NUMBER OF ORGANISMS/M^

Dipcera (flies - midges)

Chaoborus sp. 64 172 86 107 193 946 938 1698 924 1397 795 0 2322 2666 3225

Heleidae 0 0 21 21 0 43 0 43 0 0 107 85 0 21 0

Chironomidae 7826 5955 5289 5504 1899 5805 1827 2730 4902 1483 7310 4622 365 150 0

Sphaeriidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 64 0 0

Ollgochaeta 4622 2300 2752 4149 602 473 2171 1505 301 1204 344 16 ,281 1075 1075 516

Approx. sample depth (M) 0.6 1.2 1.8 0.5 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.4 3.1 4.3 1.8 0.3 6.1 6.7 10.4

Total No. of Taxa 334434343 4 4 3 4 4 2

Mean no. organisms/sample 291.0 196.0 189.5 228.0 115.0 169.0 112.5 139.0 142.5 95.5 199.0 476.5 89.0 91.0 87.0 2 Total no. organlsms/M 12,512 8427 8148 9781 2694 7267 4936 5976 6127 4105 8556 20,988 3826 3912 3741 A

Figure 15 Benthic macroinvertebrate sediment sampling localtons and zones of pollution mCrab Orchard Lake Jolv 1975 PoUu tional zones are based upon the number of sludgeworms per square meter (moditted from Wright 19551 0 .25 .5 1 2 I. I I • t • I

;^^i^4000 - I0 000'm2 - Mode'«i«iv Po - jfl

^g:^ Moi- th*.. 10 000 m^ - ^'9^- . f -c

^„ ^ ^ ^1 SECTION IV

SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY

Because of the movement of toxic materials through biological food chains and subsequent biomagnification within the aquatic community (Hesse and Evans, 1972), heavy metal and pesticide contamination of bottom sediments poses potential threats to aquatic life and humans. While many heavy metals apparently do not concentrate along successive trophic levels, as has been observed with pesticides (Mathis and Cummins, 1971), heavy metal contamina­ tion of bottom sediments is a good indication the aquatic community will similarly have elevated levels of these toxic materials. Aquatic organisms such as oligochaetes (aquatic worms) and clams will generally exhibit heavy metal concentrations similar to those found in sediments (Mathis, 1971), while fish will normally have heavy metal concentrations intermediate between surface waters and bottom sediments.

The composition of trace elements and/or contaminants in stream sediments is of significance, as sediments are an integral part of the cycling of elements and thus reflect the nature of overlying waters at the time of deposition (Leland, 1974). Thus in lakes, analyses of vertically distributed sediments will generally provide useful historical information for some con­ stituents relative to population increases and changing land use patterns within a basin. In streams, however, rate of sediment deposition is dependent upon numerous hydrologic factors necessitating collection of sediment of recent deposition. In areas essentially unaffected by human activities, background or normal levels of constituents such as heavy metals are a function of basin geochemistry. To effectively monitor those areas affected by mine drainage, industrial and municipal discharges and other human activities, documentation of background levels of trace elements in sediments of recent deposition

59 becomes necessary. The primary objective,of the collection of stream bottom sediments in this, investigation was to augment a state-wide data base of typical background trace elements and/or toxic material c^..centrations.

METHODS

Sediment samples were collected from streams in the Crab Orchard Creek

Basin at locations upstream from any known point source influence. Addi­ tional bottom sediments were collected from locations in Crab Orchard Lake and two non-background stream locations downstream from Marion. Stations were classified as background, downstream or lake stations using the criteria shown in Table 7.

Bottom sediments from streams were collected manually with a U.S. Standard

No. 30 sieve by lightly scraping the uppermost layer of recently deposited sediments into the sieve. Samples from Crab Orchard Lake were collected with a Petite Ponar Grab Sampler. The uppermost layer of sediments collected with both sampling devices for heavy metal analyses was carefully removed and placed in PVC bottles and allowed to settle. The supernatant was then poured off and the samples returned to the Marion Environmental Protection Agency office and frozen. Analyses for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) , total Chromium (Cr) , total

Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) , total Mercury (Hg) and Zinc (Zn) were performed by neutron activation at the Champaign Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory. Other parameters including Kjeldahl nitrogen (Kn), total Phosphorus (TP) , Chemical

Oxygen Demand (COD) and percent volatile solids (%Vm) were analyzed at the

Champaign Laboratory in accordance with Standard Methods (1971). Samples for pesticide analysis were placed in specially prepared glass bottles, frozen and sent to the Springfield Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory where analyses for heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, total DDT and total polychlorinated biphenyl were conducted by gas chromatography.

60 TABLE 7. CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENT COLLECTION. STATIONS

Background Stations - 1. upstream consists of primarily natural prairie, forest, wasteland, minor amounts of agriculture, etc.

2. intensive or moderate agriculture, orchards, feedlots, tile drains, etc.

Dovmstream Stations - 1. Immediately downstream from urban runoff including landwash, street runoff, storm severs, possibly a few minor septic tank discharges - generally balanced to semi-polluted type environments, but not downstream from sewage treatment plant or industrial wastewater effluents.

downstream (generally in a semi-polluted zone where urban area discharges result in such a classification) from community wastewater facility discharges or common tiles serving many people where heavy metals or other toxic discharges are not known.

3. downstream from industrial facilities and/or mining areas.

4. same as type 2 only with a history of heavy metals or other toxic wastes discharges.

(Types of Lakes) Lake Stations - 1. Natural Glacial Lake 20 acres 2. Artificial Lake 20 but 500 acres 3. Reservoir 500 acres 4. Stripmine Lake (or pit) 5. Quarry Pit 6. River Backwater

Receives drainage from;

primarily natural prairie, forest, minor amounts of agriculture, etc.

intensive or moderate agriculture, orchards, feedlots, tile drains, etc.

urban runoff, including landwash, street runoff, storm sewers, minor septic tank dis­ charges, but not from sewage treatment plants or Industrial wastewater effluents

community wastewater facility discharges or conunon tiles serving many people where heavy metals or other toxic discharges are not known

e. industrial facilities and/or mining areas f. community wastewater facility discharges in addition to industrial and/or mining areas.

61 RESULTS

Heavy Metals

Results from analyses of bottom sediments collected at 13 stream locations in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin in Summer 1975 are displayed in Table 8. Mean concentrations of all analyzed metals at locations con­ sidered to be background stations were generally substantially lower than levels present in sediments at two stations in Crab Orchard Creek down­ stream from Marion.

Cadmium at background stations was not found at detectable levels and copper ranged from 6.0 to 12 ppm. Chromium, lead and zinc were similarly found at low concentrations with chromium ranging from 3 to 6 ppm, lead from

8 to 15 ppm and zinc from 19 to 35 ppm. Total mercury found in bottom sediments at background stations did not exceed 22 ppb.

Bottom sediments at these 11 background stations generally displayed metal concentrations well within the range found at 30 background stations in Illinois streams (Barganz, 1974). These metal concentrations also com­ pared favorably with levels found in bottom sediments from three nonindustrial

Illinois streams (Mathis and Cummins, 1971)., And with the exception of chromium, concentrations of cadmium, lead, total mercury and zinc found at

Crab Orchard Basin background stations were substantially lower than levels found in sediments at 28 background stations in Michigan streams (Hesse and

Evans, 1972).

Concentrations of metals and other parameters found in bottom sediments from 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake are shown in Table 9. Cadmium con­ centrations were notably higher in sediments in the east end of the lake with the highest level found in the bay receiving effluent from the Crab

Orchard Refuge Wastewater Treatment Plant via Pigeon Creek. Sediment sampling

63 TABLE 8. ANALYSES OF SELECTED HEAVY METAL CONSTITUENTS, KJELDAHL NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, CHEM.JAL OXYGEN DEMAND AND VOLATILE MATTER IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS FROM CRAB ORCHARD CREEK AND TRIBUTARIES, SUMMER 1975. ALL RESULTS SHOWN IN PARTS PER MILLION (PPM) EXCEPT MERCURY (HG), WHICH IS SHOWN IN PARTS PER BILLION (PPB).

STATION STATION V PARAMETER TYPE NUMBER TRIBUTARY Et^ Cu Cr Fe Pb Mn HS Zn KN P COD % VM % DS-2* ND-14 Crab Orchard C:ree k 0.9 22.0 6. 23,000. 82. 770. 119.0 185. 1500. 4100. 5.20 6.2

DS-2 ND-IO Crab Orchard C:ree k 1.5 21.0 5. 19,000. 35. 580. 90.2 210. 2000. 3300. 6.34 6.8

BS-2** NDF-26 Limb Branch <0.5 9.0 6. 16,000. 15. 530. 14.6 30. 850. 490. 1.84 4.3

BS-1 NDJ-3 2 Wolf Creek <0.5 12.0 5. 16,000. 8. 700. 22.0 35. 600. 580. 2.10 2.6

BS-l NDJA-33 Sugar Creek <0.5 10.0 5. 15,000. 12. 680. 16.0 30. 790. 420. 2.40 4.1

BS-1 NDD-38 Grassy Creek <0.5 7.0 4. 14,000. 9. 730. 15.4 25. 530. 500. 1.60 1.3

BS-1 NDDB-39 Grassy Creek <0.5 7.0 4. 12,000. 9. 400. 15.1 25. 980. 450. 4.85 3.2

BS-1 NDDA-41 Little Grassy Creek <0.5 6.3 6. 13,500. 11. 718. 12.5 19. 420. 530. 1.5 1.9

BS-1 NDDA-42 Little Grassy Creek <0.5 9.0 5. 12,000. 11. 990. 13.3 20. 530. 470. 1.84 3.3

BS-2 NDC-43 Drury Creek <0.5 7.0 3. 13,000. 9. 660. 18.2 30. 560. 540. 2.02 2.7

BS-1 NDCB-49 Indian Creek <0.5 6.0 3. 10,000. 9. 630. 10.7 20. 500. 390. 1.57 j.-i

BS-1 NDB-52 Plies Fork <0.5 9.0 5. 12,000. 8. 800. 10.8 35. 500. 470. I'.-'.O 4.',

BS-2 NDA-64 Little Crab Or chard Creek 1 <0.5 7.0 4. 13,000. 9. 690. 13.0 30. 450. 520. 3.95 2.4

Minimum <0.5 6.3 3. 10,000 8 400. 10.7 19. 420. 390. 1.40 1.3 Maximum 1.5 22.0 6. 23,000 82 990. 119.0 185. 2000. 3J00. 6.34 6.8 Mean (BS) ~ 8.1 4.5 13,300 10.0 684. 14.7 27.2 610. 486. 2.28 3.0 Mean (All Stat .) — 10.2 4.7 14,500 17.5 683. 28.5 53.4 785. 982. 2.82 3.5

Mean, 28 Mich. Background Stations (Hesse, 1972) 4.2 1.6 36.9 190. 31.3

Mean, 19 samples from 3 Illinois non-industrial streams (Mathis, 1971) 0.4 7.7 6. 14,500 17.0 30,

* DS - Downstream Station ** BS - Background Station TABLE 9. ANALYSES OF SELECTED HEAVY METAL CONSTITUENTS, KJELDAHl, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND AND VOLATILE MATTER IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS FROM CRAB ORCHARD LAKE, SUMMER 1975. ALL RESULTS SHOWN IN PARTS PER MILLION (PPM) EXCEPT MERCURY (HG), WHICH IS SHOWN IN PARTE PER BILLION (PPB).

DEPTH STATION I PARAMETER (METERS) NUMBER AREA Ici Cu Cr Fe Pb Mn HR Zn KN P COD% VM% 0.6 ND-71 E. End CO. Lake 0.9 12.0 3 10,000. 19. 530.. 46.2 110. 870. 1800. 2.62 3.2

1.2 ND-72 E. End CO. Lake 1.5 24.0 6 22,000. 35. 1,600. 52.2 215. 2200. 2650. 4.44 6.1

1.8 ND-73 E. End CO. Lake 1.4 23.0 8 25,000. 36. 2,200. 52.5 195. 2200. 2150. 5.18 6.3

0.5 ND-74 Pigeon Cr. Bay 9.6 7.5 5 7,700. 11. 450. 27.2 47.5 740. 560. 2.02 1.8

1.7 ND-75 Chamness Gem. Pt. 0.7 15.0 8 21,600. 21. 1,400. 39.0 78. 1700. 1300. 3.32 5.2

2.3 ND-76 SE Water Plant 0.5 20.0 7 26,000. 28. 1,900. 58.5 95. 2200. 1450. 4.25 7.2

2.6 ND-77 0.5 Mi. W. Wolf Cr. Rd. <;0.5 13.0 4. 18,000. 19. 1,200. 48.0 50. 1300. 790. 2.33 3.7

2.4 ND-78 Grassy Bay <;0.5 15.5 6. 23,000. 20. 1,300. 47.1 60. 1600. 310. 2.73 4.8

3.1 ND-79 Mid-Lake <:0.5 20.0 25,000. 28. 1,500. 49.2 75. 1800. 730. 3.34 5.8

4.3 ND-80 Carterville Bay <0.5 17.0 23,000. 29. 1,500. 46.8 70. 1400. lono. 2.70 5.3

1.8 ND-81 Carterville Bay 0.5 17.0 21,000. 39. 960. 54.8 85. 1500. 1150. 2.97 4.6

0.3 ND-82 Carterville Bay 0.5 11.0 9,000. 39. 480. 74.9 65. 940. 2100. 3.75 3.5

6.1 ND-83 Plney Point <0.5 17.0 21,000. 25. 1,400. <:l.O 60. 1500. 1000. 2.73 5.3

6.7 ND-84 0.5 Mi. NE Pine Is. •JO.5 19.0 8. 24,000. 32. 2,000. 30.8 65. 1900. II50. 3.05 5.5

10.4 ND-85 0.5 Ml. E. of Dam <0.5 24.0 9. 33,000. 35. 3,200. 51.7 85. 2600. 2000. 4.48 7.1

Minimum <0.5 7.5 3. 7,700 11. 450. < 1.0 47.5 740. 310. 2.02 1.8

Maximum 9.6 24.0 9. 33,000 39. 3,200. 74.9 215. 2600. 2650. 5.18 7.2

Mean 17.0 6.4 20,600. 27.7 1,440. 48.5 90.4 1630. 1340. 3.33 5.0

*Value not included in commutation of mean I locations are shown in Figure 15, page 57. The elevated cadmium level in i

lake sediments was attributed to a plating company located in the refuge

industrial complex which formerly discharged to the ]oKe in this area. The

company now pretreats all effluent which ultimately goes to the Refuge waste-

' water treatment facility. Zinc was also found in highest levels in the sec-

j tion of Crab Orchard Lake east of Highway 148, with values at three stations

ranging from 110 to 215 ppm. Zinc concentrations found in this area were

! similar to values found in Crab Orchard Creek downstream from Marion. Iron

and manganese were notably higher in sediments in the deeper section of the

J lake near the dam, where concentrations of 33,000 and 13,200 ppm respectively

! were found (Station ND-85). The deposition of iron as ferric hydroxide occurs I in the hypolimnion of eutrophic lakes with the availability of oxygen during

• I spring and fall turnover. Appreciable sedimentation and precipitation of iron occurs during summer stagnation, however, which is attributed to organisms i ! at the lower oxygen boundaries. The behavior of manganese in lakes is similar

• to iron, with a progressive enrichment of these metals resulting with time

in the hypolimnion of eutrophic lakes (Ruttner, 1952). j Concentrations of other metals and constituents analyzed in Crab Orchard Lake bottom sediments did not appear to exhibit any distinct distribution of [ • depth or relationship to areas of the lake. Mean levels of most constituents

|- evaluated in lake sediments, however, generally ranged from a factor of 1.3

to 3.3 times higher than levels found in sediments at background stream

I stations.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and PCB's

I Concentrations of heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, total DDT and total r polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) found in stream sediments at background i type stations in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin were generally considered low.

67 Heptachlor epoxide ranged from < 0.1 to 1.2 parts per billion (ppb); dieldrin 0.4 to 1.5 ppb; total DDT < 0.4 to 3.2 and total PCB's from < 2.0

to 4.6 ppb (Table 10). As was found with many of the mer.il constituents,

the highest chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide values were found in Crab

Orchard Creek sediments downstream from Marion at Station ND-14.

In bottom sediments from 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake, heptachlor

epoxide ranged from 0.2 to 4.1 ppb; dieldrin 0.8 to 34.0 ppb; and total DDT

< 0.4 to 41.0 ppb (Table 11). Highest sediment concentrations for these

constituents were found at Station ND-80 in Carterville Bay. The concentra­

tion of these pesticides in bottom sediments from other areas of the lake were generally substantially lower than values found at Station ND-80 in

Carterville Bay but slightly higher than values found in sediments at back­

ground type stream stations. Total PCB's detected in lake sediments ranged

from < 2.0 to 27.0 ppb. Sediment from four locations in the east section of

Crab Orchard Lake exhibited the highest concentrations, ranging from 11.0 to

27.0 ppb. Based on PCB levels found in sediments from other Illinois waters

(Table 12), concentrations found in the east section of Crab Orchard Lake were indicative of contamination from an urban area or point source discharge(s).

PCB concentrations found in sediments from other locations in the lake, how­

ever, were generally lower than values found in 73 streams tributary to Lake

Michigan by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (1970) and for sediments

in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan (Schacht, 1974).

68 TABLE 10. Analyses of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom sediments from selected locations in Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries. Summer 1975. All results expressed in parts per billion (ppb).

STATION STATION HEPTACHLOR TOTAL TOTAL TYPE NUMBER TRIBUTARY EPOXIDE DIELDRIN DDT PCB'S

DS-2* ND-14 Crab Orchard Creek 1.5 5.2 4.7 16.0

DS-2 ND-10 Crab Orchard >Cree k < 0.1 2.7 < 0.4 3.2

BS-2* NDF-26 Limb Branch 0.5 0.7 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDJ-32 Wolf Creek 0.2 0.7 < 0.4 < 2.0 vo BS-1 NDJA-33 Sugar Creek 0.4 0.8 < 0.4 4.6

BS-1 NDD-38 Grassy Creek 0.1 0.5 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDB-39 Grassy Creek 0.2 0.5 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDA-41 Little Grassy Creek 0.2 0.5 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDA-42 Little Grassy Creek 0.2 0.4 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-2 NDC-43 Drury Creek 0.3 1.3 3.0 2.0

BS-1 NDCB-49 Indian Creek 0.2 0.8 1.6 < 2.0

BS-1 NDB-52 Piles Fork 0.2 1.0 <: 0.4 < 2.0

BS-2 NDA-64 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1 1.2 1.5 3.2 3.3

*DS - Downstream Station

**BS - Background Station TABLE 11. Analyses of selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S) in bottom sediments from Crab Orchard Lake, Summer 1975. All results expressed in parts per billion (ppb).

STATION STATION HEPTACHLOR TOTAL TOTAL TYPE NUMBER AREA EPOXIDE DIELDRIN DDT PCB'S

LS-3D* y^. ND-71 E. End CO. Lake 0.4 1.0 0.7 11.0

"J-Jti: LS-3D ND-72 E. End CO. Lake 1.0 2.5 1.2 27.0

LS-3D ND-73 E. End CO. Lake 3.7 5.3 4.8 20.0

LS-3F ND-74 Pigeon Cr. Bay 1.7 3.0 0.7 14.0

LS-3F ND-75 Chamness Gem. Pt. 1.7 2.8 <0.4 7.5

° LS-3B ND-76 SE Water Plant 0.7 1.0 0.4 < 2.0

LS-3B ND-77 0.5 Mi. W. Wolf Cr. Rd 1. 0.2 1.3 2.9 < 2.0

LS-3B ND-78 Grassy Bay 0.2 0.8 0.6 < 2.0

LS-3B ND-79 Mid-Lake 0.6 3.6 1.9 2.4

LS-3D ND-80 Carterville Bay 4.1 34. 41.0 5.8

LS-3D ND-81 Carterville Bay 0.9 1.3 2.0 8.2

LS-3D ND-82 Carterville Bay 1.1 1.8 3.7 8.4

LS-3B ND-83 Plney Point — 0.7 2.8

LS-3B ND-84 0.5 Mi. NE Pine Is. < 0.3 0.9 < 0.4 2.0

LS-3B ND-85 0.5 Mi. E. of Dam 1.1 2.1 7.9

* LS - Lake Station TABLE 12. Range of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) Found in Bottan Sediments of Illinois Waters and Nature of Contamination. (lEPA Unpublished Data)

Range (ppb) Nature of Contamination

0-3 Clean background station

4-7 Background levels

8-12 Definite PCB contamination; probable influence from urban areas

> 12 PCB contamination from point source influence

71 SECTION V

WATER QUALITY (1972 - 1976)

Surface water quality in Crab Orchard Creek has been monitored at four

locations by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency since 19 72. In Segment

A-07, Station ND-Ol is located at Dillinger Road northeast of Carbondale and ND-02

is located at the county road bridge downstream from the Crab Orchard Lake

spillway. In Segment A-05, Station ND-03 is located at the Interstate 57 bridge

downstream from Marion and ND-04 is at the Route 13 bridge east of Marion. Specific

locations by township, range and quarter section are provided in Appendix A.

Water quality stations in Crab Orchard Creek were normally sampled monthly

for such parameters as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total phosphorus,

ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrite, total dissolved solids, phenol and MBAS

(synthetic detergents). Other parameters including fluoride, chloride, sulfate,

and trace metals were sampled quarterly. Mean annjial values for these parameters

are provided in Appendix C with notable water quality trends in these data

discussed below by station.

Station ND-04

Water quality in Crab Orchard Creek at Route 13 east of Marion has

historically been influenced by acid mine drainage from the upper portion of

the watershed. Effects of such drainage have been particularly severe in the

Little Crab Orchard Creek portion of the watershed. From 1972 through 1976,

notable improvements were observed in certain water quality parameters

normally indicative of acid mine drainage. A progressive increase in pH values, from 4.7 in 1972 to 7.0 in 1976, were observed (Table 13). Average

manganese levels generally decreased, from 7.89 in 1972 to 2.28 ppm in 1976.

73 Total iron decreased somewhat, from 3.5 to 1.5 ppm. Other mine related

parameters including sulfates, total dissolved solids, and total acidity,

also displayed significant improvements in this time span.

TABLE 13. Summary of selected water quality constituents * displaying notable changes in Crab Orchard Creek (Station ND-04), 1972-1976. All values, except pH are expressed in parts per million.

YEAR

Parameter 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 pH 4.7 5.5 6.5 6.9 7.0

Mn 7.89 5.0 3.35 1.83 2.28

Fe Total 3.5 2.7 5.2 2.6 1.5

TDS 1515 1240 755 653 832

Sulft 1217 1416 752 625 691

Total Acidity 140 92 87 0

Amm-N 1.43 1.06 0.30 0.22 0.20

*Mean annual value

Station ND-03

Water quality data from Crab Orchard at the 1-57 bridge southwest of Marlon generally reflects the level of performance at the Marion Sewage Treatment facilities. In 1972, low dissolved oxygen levels frequently occurred along with elevated concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen (Table 14).

Fecal coliform bacteria counts averaged 12,771 per 100 milliliters. Notable improvements in these parameters were apparent in 1973. In subsequent years

(1973 - 1976), however, the elevation of nutrient concentrations increased sharply and dissolved oxygen levels less than 2.0 ppm were frequently recorded.

74 .' ^ Fecal coliform counts from 1973 through 1976 were generally above the State

standard of 200 counts/100 ml. L It is expected that completion of the new wastewater treatment facility f I now under construction in Marion, will significantly improve water quality

I• conditions in this section of Crab Orchard Creek and substantially reduce the

nutrient load to Crab Orchard Lake.

1 i TABLE 14. Summary of selected water quality constituents * from Station ND-03, Crab Orchard Creek, 1972-1976. All values expressed in parts per million except for fecal coliform.

YEAR

Parameter 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

DO 3.9 7.4 5.3 6.1 5.6

DO (minimum recorded) 0.2 5.0 1.3 1.1 0.3

Total Phos. 2.82 0.32 1.85 1.43 3.74

Amm - N 3.51 0.36 1.64 2.05 3.13

Ntrat + Ntrit 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.7

Fee. Coli. ** 12,771 155 8821 8708 7847 (No/100 ml)

* Mean Annual Value ** Geometric Mean

Station ND-02

Water quality data from Station ND-02 generally revealed most constituents

sampled from 1972 through 1976 to be well within existing state water quality

standards-. Annual data reveals significant reductions in nutrient levels at

ND-02 in contrast to concentrations found at Station ND-03, upstream from Crab

Orchard Lake in the same year. Substantial reductions in fecal coliform counts,

manganese, to'lfial iron and total dissolyed solids, were similarly evident.

75 The striking contrast between nutrient concentrations and levels of other 1

parameters upstream (Station ND-03) and downstream from Cra^ Orchard Lake is

indicative of the effectiveness of this reservoir as a nutrient and sediment

trap.

Station ND-Ol

Notable trends in ambient water quality at Station ND-Ol downstream from

Carbondale are exhibited in Table 15 below. Reductions in fecal coliform counts

and ammonia nitrogen levels coincide with the closing of the Carbondale Northeast

Sewage Treatment Plant in 1973. A slight improvement in mean dissolved oxygen

levels is also apparent from 1973 through 1976. Chemical data from Station

ND-Ol does not reflect effects of the Carbondale Northwest Sewage Treatment

Plant's discharge which reached Crab Orchard Creek downstream from ND-Ol.

TABLE 15. Summary of mean annual dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentrations and fecal coliform counts at Station ND-Ol, 1972 - 1976.

YEAR

Parameter 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

D.O. 6.5 7.3 7.3 8.7 8.1

) Amm - N 4.18 2.36 0.34 0.23 1.38

Fee. Coll.* 279 382 351 178 120 (No/100 ml)

*Geometric Mean

76 SECTION VI

LITERATURE CITED

American Public Health Association et al» 1976. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Editing. 1193 p.

Barganz, R.M., 1974. Results of 1974 sediment samples. Illinois Environmental Protection Agency inter-office memorandum of May 29, 1975. 16 p.

Buitt, J., 1976. Joint water quality study of Crab Orchard Lake and bathing beaches. Illinois Department of Public Health inter-office neaorandum of November 4, 1976. 6p. t Carr, M., 1976. Unpublished data, Franklin-Williamson Bi-county Health I Department files, Johnston City, Illinois.

Hesse, J., and E. Evans, 1972. Heavy Metals in Surface Haters, Sediments and Fish in Lake Michigan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Commission. 58 p.

I.E.P.A. (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency), 1972. Interim Water Quality Management Plan for the Big Muddy River Basin (Review Draft). 192 p.

I.E.P.A. (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). Unpublished Data. I ' Larson, B.C., et al, 1951. The Silting of Carbondale Reservoir. Illinois State Water Survey Report of Investigation No. 9. 28 p.

I Leland, H., 1974. Heavy metals and other trace elements. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 46:1452 - 1476.

I Mathis, B., and T. Cummins, 1971. Distribution of Selected Metals in Bottom Sediments, Water, Clams, Tubificid Annelids, and Fishes of the Middle Illinois River. University of Illinois Water Resources Center Research ! Report No. 41. 45 p.

Prior, L., 1975. Unpublished data, Jackson County Health Department files, I Murphysboro, Illinois. i . Ruttner, F., 1952. Fundamentals of Limnology, 3rd Edition. University of i Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 295 p.

Schacht, R.A. (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency), 1974. Pesticides in the Illinois Waters of Lake Michigan. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency I Ecological Research Series Report No. EPA 660/3-74-002. 55 p.

Singh, K.P., and J.B. Stall, 1973. The 7-Day 10-Year Low Flows of Illinois I Streams. Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 57. 24 p. 4 II maps.

Stall, J.B., et al, 1954. Water and Land Resources of the Crab Orchard Lake Basin. Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin No. 42. 53 p.

77 U.S.A.C.E. (United States Army Corps of Engineers), 1968. Big Muddy River * i Comprehensive Basin Study, Appendix A, Climatology, Meteorology, and Surface Water Hydrology. 41 p. 1

J U.S.D.A. (United States Department of Agriculture), 1968. Big Muddy River ) Comprehensive Basin Study, Appendix K, Agriculture. 85 p. U.S.E.P.A. (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 1975. Proposed N.P.D.E.S. (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Permit No. IL0004791, April 14, 1975.

U.S.E.P.A., 1975. Report on Crab Orchard Lake, United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Eutrophication Survey Working Paper No. 301.

Weber, C.I., 1973. Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the ,' Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. United States Environmental Protection Agency publication No. EPA - 670/4-73-001. ; \ Wright, S., 1955. Limnological survey of western Lake Erie. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. No. 139: 341 p., j^ Cook, D.G., and M.G. Johnson, 1974. Benthic macroinvertebrates of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. J.Fish. Res. Board Can. 31:763 - 782.

78 SECTION VII

APPENDIX

79 APPE'.DIX .\

Table A-1. Location and ClassLfIcation of Biological Sampling Stations on Crab Orchard Creek and Tributaries From Pittsburg to the Big Muddy River, July - August, 1975. Crab Orchard Creek Stations are Listed in Order From Upstream to Downstream, Followed bv Tributary Stations.

Stream/Station Sampling Scaclon Code/Number Location Date Classification

Crab Orchard Creek

:JD-05 Crab Orchard Creek 1.5 miles E of Pittsburg, Williamson July 10, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T8S, R4E, SU '; Section 31, ^lO yd. upstream from county road

iND-06 Crab Orchard Creek 0.6 mile S of Pittsburg, Williamson Julv 10, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, NE k Section 10, 100 yd. downstream from Rte. 166

fro-07 Crab Orchard Creek 1.2 miles S of Pittsburg, Williamson August 22, 1975 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois T9S, R3E, SE k Section 10, 50 yd. downstream from east-west county road

^^D-04 Crab Orchard Creek 1.0 mile E of Marlon, Williamson Julv 11, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SW k Section 16, 150 yd. segment upstream from Rte. 13

ND-08 Crab Orchard Creek 0.4 mile S of Marlon, Williamson July 14, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois,' T9S, R3E, NW k. Section 30, 40 yd. upstream from Market Street Road

ND-09 Crab Orchard Creek at S side of Marion, Williamson July 15, 1975 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, NE k. Section 25, 50 yd. upstream from Rte. 37

ND-U Crab Orchard Creek 0.5 mile S of Marion, Williamson July 15, 1975 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, NW k Section 25 at old bridge S of Carbon Street

ND-03 Crab Orchard Creek 1.6 miles SW of Marlon, Williamson July 17, 1975 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, SE 't Section 27, 50 vd. downstream from Rte. 57

MD-IO Crab Orchard Creek 3.0 miles SW of Marion, Williamson August 26, 1975 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, NW k. Section 33, 0.25 mile upstream from Crab Orchard Lake

NT)-02 Crab Orchard Creek 0.25 mile downstream from Crab August 8, 1975 Semi-Polluted Orchard Lake spillway, Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 25

ND-11 Crab Orchard Creek 2.0 miles E of Carbondale, Jackson August 12, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, SW k Section 24, 0.5 mile downstream from Drury Creek

ND-12 Crab Orchard Creek 1.8 miles E of Carbondale, Jackson August 12, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 23, 25 to 70 yd. upstream from Old Rte. 13

N'D-13 Crab Orchard Creek 2.0 miles NE of Carbondale, Jackson August 13, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section U, at New Rte. 13

ND-15 Crab Orchard Creek 1.2 miles NE of Carbondale, Jackson July 30, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, SW k Section 11, 25 yd. upstream from Piles Fork

ND-16 Crab Orchard Creek 1.2 miles NE of Carbondale, Jackson July 30, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, SW k Section U, 30 yd. downstream from Piles Fork

.ND-Ol Crab Orchard Creek 3.1 miles NE of Carbondale, Jackson August 20, 1975 Unb.Tlanced County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 2, 50 to 80 yd. upstream from Dillinger Road

ND-17 Crab Orchard Creek 2.9 miles N of Carbondale, Jackson August 13, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, TBS, RIW, NE k Section 33, 0 3 mile downstream from Little Crab Orchard Creek 1

Buckley Creek

NDC-18 Buckley Creek 1.0 mile SW of Pittsburg, Williamson July 11, 1975 Unbalanced County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, .\E k Section 9, 20 yd. downstream from county road (Continued) *" Table A-1. Location and Classification of Biological Sampling Stations on Crab Orchard Creek and Tributaries From Pittsburg to the Big Mudd\ River, July - August, 1975. Crab Orchard Creek Stations are Listed in Order Fron Upstream to Downstrea-, Followed bv Tributarv Stations.

Stream/station Sampling Station Code/Number Location Date Classification

Little Crab Orchard Creek 2

NDH-19 Little Crab Orchard Creek 2, 2.0 miles S of Pittsburg. Julv 10, 1975 Semi-Polluted Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SW ': Section 13. 40 yd. downstream from county road

NDH-20 Little Crab Orchard Creek 2, 2.0 miles S of Pittsburg, Julv 10, 1975 Semi-Polluted Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3n, NE k Section 15, 30 yd. downstream from Rte 166

Crab Orchard Creek Tributary

NDZ-21 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek 1.0 mile NE August 22, 1975 Semi-Polluted of Marion, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SE k Section 6, 20 yd. upstream from county road

ND2-22 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek in Marion, July 14, 1975 Semi-Polluted Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SW k Section 19, upstream from Market Street

NDZ-23 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek at S side of July 17, 1975 Semi-Polluted Marion, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SW k Section 19, 250 yd. downstream from Marlon Sewage Treatment Works

NDZ-24 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek In Marlon, Julv 15, 1975 Semi-Polluted Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, NW k Section 19, upstream from Mitchell Street NDZ-25 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek at S side of July 15, 1975 Polluted Marion, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R3E, SW k Section 19, 100 yd. downstream from Marion Sewage Treatment Works

Limb Branch

NDF-26 Limb Branch 3.5 miles SW of Marion, Williamson County, July 11, 1975 Balanced Illinois, TIOS, R2E, NW k Section 11, 1.0 mile upstream from Marion Reservoir

NDF-27 Limb Branch 1.5 miles SW of Marion, Williamson County, July 11, 1975 Unbalanced Illinois, T9S, R2E, SE k Section 35, 1.0 mile downstream from Marion Reservoir

Crab Orchard Creek Tributary

NDZ-28 Unnamed tributary of Crab Orchard Creek in Crab August 22, 1975 Semi-Polluted ) Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, NW k Section 22, 100 yd. down­ stream from Old Rte 13

Pigeon Creek

I NDE-29 Pigeon Creek in Crab Orchard National Wildlife July 17, 1975 Unbalanced ! Refuge, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, ^ SW k Section 18, 30 yd. downstream from Refuge Road A-5

! NDE-30 Pigeon Creek in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Julv 17, 1975 Unbalanced j Refuge, Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, R2E, ' NW k Section 19, 300 yd. downstream from Refuge Sewage Treatment Works

Wolf Creek 1 I NDJ-31 Wolf Creek 1.5 miles S of Crab Orchard National July 18, 1975 Balanced Wildlife Refuge, Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, R2E, SW k Section 21, at Rte. 148

1 NDJ-32 Wolf Creek in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, July 18, 1975 Balanced ; Williamson Countv, Illinois, TIOS, R2E, NE k Section 6, at Refuge Road

NDJA-33 Sugar Creek in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, July 31, 1975 Unbalanced Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, RIE, SE k Section 1, at Refuge Road

81 (Continued) Table A-i. Location and Classification of Biological Sa-mpling Stations on Crab Orchard Creek and Tributaries From Pittsburg to the Big Muddv River, July - August, 1975 Crab Orchard Creek Stations are Listed In Order From Upstream to Downstream, Followed bv Tributarv Stations.

Stream/Station Sampling Station Code/Number Date ClassifIcation

Pin Oak Creek

Pin Oak Creek at SW side of Carterville, Williamson August 5, 1975 bemi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, RIE, NE k Section 10, 50 yd. upstream from Carterville Sewage Treatment Works

'.01-35 Pin Oak Creek at SW side of Carterville, Williamson August 5, 19 75 Semi-Polluted County, Illinois, T9S, RIE, N"W k Section 10, 100 yd. downstream from Carterville Sewage Treatment Works

NDI-36 Pin Oak Creek at SW side of Carterville, Williamson August 5, 1975 Semi-Polluted Countv, Illinois, T9S, RIE, SW k Section 10, 50 yd. downstream from J. A. Logan College Sewage Treatment Works

NDI2-37 Unnamed tributary of Pin Oak Creek SW of Carterville, August 5, 1975 Semi-Polluted Williamson County, Illinois, T9S, RIE, SW k Section 10, 150 yd. upstream from Pin Oak Creek

Grassy Creek

NDD-38 Grassy Creek 0.5 mile E of Crab Orchard National July 22, 1975 Unbalanced Wildlife Refuge, Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, RIE, SW k Section 25, 40 yd. downstream from Wolf Creek Road

NDD-39 Grassy Creek in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, July 18, 1975 Balanced Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, RIE, NE k Section 15, at Grassy Road

NDDB-40 Caney Branch in Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, July 18, 1975 Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, RIE, NW k Section 14, 50 yd. upstream'from Grassy Road

NDDA-Al Little Grassy Creek at E side of Giant City State Park, Julv 22, 1975 Unbalanced Union County, Illinois, TllS, RIW, NE k Section 1, along lake access road

Little Grassy Creek 0.5 mile W of Crab Orchard National Julv 23, 1975 Unbalanced Wildlife Refuge boundary, Williamson County, Illinois, TIOS, RIE, SE k Section 8, at county road

Drury Creek

NDC-43 Drury Creek in Makanda, Jackson County, Illinois, August 7, 1975 Unbalanced TIOS, RIW, NW k Section 34, 0.2 mile upstream from Makanda business district

NDC-44 Drury Creek at N side of Makanda, Jackson County, August 8, 1975 Unbalanced Illinois, TIOS, RIW, NW k Section 27, 0.4 mile downstream from Makanda business district

Drury Creek at NE side of Boskydell, Jackson County, August 8, 1975 Unbalanced Illinois, TIOS, RIW, SE k Section 4, at county road br idge

NDC-46 Drury Creek 2.0 miles SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 7, 1975 Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 26, 100 yd. upstream from county road bridge

NDC-47 Drury Creek 2.0 miles SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 11, 1975 Semi-Polluted Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW k Section 25, 20 to 160 yd. downstream from Sycamore Creek

NDCB-48 Indian Creek 6.0 miles SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 6, 1975 Unba1anced Illinois, TIOS, RIW, NW k Section 25, 100 yd. upstream from Giant City Road

Indian Creek 3.0 miles Se of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 6, 1975 Unbalanced Illinois, TIOS, RIW, SE ':; Section 3, 150 yd. downstream trom Boskydell Road

NDCA-50 Sycamore Creek 3.5 miles SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 7, 1975 Illinois, TIOS, RIW, NW k Section 12, at county road

NDCA-51 Sycamore Creek 2.3 miles SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, August 8, 1975 Seml-PoIluted Illinois, T9S, RIW, SE k Section 26, 100 yd. upstream from countv road • . (Continued) Table A-1. Location and Classification of Biological Sampling Stations on Crab Orchard Creek and * Tributaries From Pittsburg to the Big Muddy River, Julv - August, 1975. Crab Orchard Creek Stations are Listed in Order From Upstrean to Downstream, Followed by Tributarv _ Stations. 1

Stream/Station Sampling Stream Code/Number Location Date Classif icat lor

I Piles Fork

' NDB-52 Piles Fork 0.7 mile S of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 24, 1975 Unbalanced . Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW 's Section 33, 440 vd. upstream from Pleasant Hill Road and 45 vd downstream from Carbondale Reservoir spillwav

' NDB-53 Piles Fork 0.6 mile S of Carbonaale, .lackson County, July 21, 1975 Unbalancea Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW '•; Section 33, 235 yd. upstream from Pleasant Hill Road and 200 yd. downstream from ! Carbondale Reservoir outlet pipe

', NDB-54 Piles Fork 0.6 mile S of Carbondale, Jackson County, Julv 22, 1975 Semi-^olluted Illinois, T9S, RIW, N"W k Section 33, 45 yd. upstream from Pleasant Hill Road

' NDB-55 Piles Fork 0.7 mile 5 of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 25, 1975 Unbalanced Illinois, T9S, RIW, SE k Section 28, 290 vd upstream from I.C.G. Railroad and 10 yd. upstream from west unnamed tributary

NDB-56 Piles Fork 0.5 mile S of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 25, 1975 Semi-Polluted Illinois, T9S, RIW, SE k Sec. 28, 100 yd. upstream from I.C.G. railroad and ISO yd. downstream from west unnamed tributary I ; NDB-57 Piles Fork 0.5 mile SE of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 23, 1975 Semi-Polluted Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 28, 10 yd. downstream from Logan Drive

{ NDB-58 Piles Fork in Carbondale, Jackson County, Illinois, July 22, 1975 Semi-Polluted : T9S, RIW, NE k Section 28, at South (one of two) foot bridge to Wall Street parking lot

NDB-59 Piles Fork in Carbondale, Jackson Countv, Illinois, July 25, 1975 Senl-Polluted ' T9S, RIW, NE '•; Section 28, 10 yd. upstream from i Wall Street

NDB-60 Piles Fork In Carbondale, Jackson County, Illinois, July 22, 1975 Semj-Polluted T9S, RIW, SW k Section 22, 45 yd. downstream from ; College Street

{ NDB-61 Piles Fork in Carbondale, Jackson County, Illinois, July 29, 1975 Semi-Polluted T9S, RIW, NW k Section 22, 50 yd. upstream from Main Street

i NDB-62 Piles Fork at NE side of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 28, 1975 Semi-Polluted I Illinois, T9S, RIW, SW k Section 15, 80 yd. SE of old Carbondale NE Sewage Treatment Works

; NDB-63 Piles Fork 1.0 mile NE of Carbondale, Jackson County, July 29, 1975 Unbalanced ! Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW k Section 14, 40 yd. upstream ' from old railroad bridge

Little Crab Orchard Creek 1

1 NDA-64 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, 1.0 mile SW of Carbondale, July 16, 1975 Unbalanced I Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NE k Section 31, 50 yd. upstream from Reservoir Road

NDA-65 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1 at Ws' side of Carbondale, Julv 18, 1975 Seml-Po! lutea 1 Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW k Section 20, 80 yd. upstream from Rte. 13 NDA-56 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, 0.5 mile NW of Carbondale, Julv 17, 1975 Semj-Polluted Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, NW k Section 17, 50 yd. upstream from I.C.G Railroad i NDA-57 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1, 0.6 mile NW of Carbondale, July 17, 1975 Semi-Polluted Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, SW k Section 8, 200 yd. downstream from Carbondale NW Sewage Treatment Work's t discharge point. i NDA-68 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1,0 8 mile N of Carbondale, Julv 17, 1975 Semi-Polluted Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, SE k Section 8, 45 yd. upstream from Charles Road NDA-69 Little Crab Orchard Creek I, 1.8 miles N of Carbondale, Julv 18, 1975 Unbalanced Jackson County, Illinois, T9S, RIW, UV k Section 4, 40 vd. upstream from county road

NDA-70 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1,2 6 miles N of Carbondale, July 18, 1975 Unbalanced ; Jackson County, Illinois, T8S, RIW, SE k Section 33, I 0.5 mile upstream from Crab Orchard Creek APPE^roiX B

85 TABLE B-VAquatic Macroinvertebrate Organisms Found in Qualitative Samples of Crab Orchard Creek From the Headwaters to Confluence With the Big Muddy River, July 10 - August 26, 1975.

TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME STATION- ND-05 06 07 04 08 09 14 03 10 02 11 12 13 15 1(1 01 17 E. of S. of S. of S. of Up Str. D.S U S. Old New Up Str 11 S. D.S. LOCATION Pitts­ Pitts­ Pitts­ Route Market Route Carbon Route From From Drury Route Route Piles Piles Dillinger 1 ut le Crab burg burg burg 13 Street 37 Street 57 Lake Dam Creek 13 13 Fork Fork Koad 0. Creek

[Iryozoa (Moss animals) P Hydrozoa Hydra sp. 10 Turbellarla (Flatworms) Planar 1Ldae 5 22 345 4 01 igoi^haeta (Aquat ii. eairtllworms ) 38* 112 1 300 30 47* 2'- 1 10* 3 4' 9 1 3 Hiriidinea (Leeches) 1 1 2 Isopoda iSifij bugs) Asel lus sp. 38 10 5 1 16 39 23 9 9 5 12 30 1 9 Lirt-cus sp. 10 6 22 13 4 2 102 20 2 5 /\nipli ipoda (Scuds) Hyallela azetca 92 34 95 48 75 2 3 7 2 1 Crangonyx sp. 1 ! Decapoda (Crayfishes) Astacldae Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) M Hexagenia limbata 5 F faenis sp. 10 81 2 b 52 2 2 2 2 J Baetinae 6 14 2 20 19 2 1 8 12 I Stenonema sp. 3 46 106 130 14 57 Odonata (Dragonf1les, damselflies) r Gomphidae 1 1 2 M Aeschinidae 1 1 1 2 M Libellulldae 7 6 11* 1 2 25* 1 1 1 Argion sp. 1 2 1 1 M Coenagrionidae 12 90* 180 7 3 7** 2 1 9- 34 M Arf,ia sp. 2 5 2 8 69 132 22 14 llemiptera (True bugs) r Plea striola 42 F Hydrometridae 2 1 1 1 r (orixldae 1 80 13 10 4 126 3 3 16 F Ranatra sp. 1 F Belostomatidae 1 Veliidae 1 F Gerrls sp. 2 1 10 5 2 2 1 F Trepf»bates sp, 1 5 7 2 2 r Rheiimatobates sp. 1 12 3 8 1 1 F Mesoveliidae 4 Megaloptera (Alder fl les, fisliflies) M Sialis sp 3 7 57 2i2 1 1 2 Tnchoptera (Caddis f lies) M rheumaropsythfc sp 5 50 34 22 2 50 )3 M Hydropsyche sp. 2 21 35 75 30 1 Neurecltpls sp. 8 3 1 t^syihomylld genus A 16 1 2 2 I Polvcentropts sp 3 1 Oei-eris sp. 1 Coleoptera (Beetles) r Italiplus sp. Peltodytes sp 5 F Uytiscidae F TABLE B-1(Continued) Aquatic Macroinverteb rate Organisms Found in Qua]litativ e Samples of Crab Orellar d Creelc From the HeadwiIter s to Confluence 1\'i th the Big Muddy River, July 10 - August 26, 1975,

TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME STATION: ND-05 06 07 04 08 09 14 03 10 02 11 12 13 IS lb 01 17 E. of S . of S . of S of Up Str, D.S. D.S. Old New Up Str D.S D.S.

LOCATION­ Pitts­ Pitts-• P Ltta- Route Market Route Carbon Route From From Drury Route Route Pi les Piles Dl 1 1 inger l.llt le Crab

J burg bi•"•f i burg 13 Street 37 Street 57 Lake Dam Creek 13 13 Fl>r k Fi.rk Road 0. (reek

F Coptotomus sp. 1 ', F llydroporus sp. 1 1 1 1 F Laccophilus sp. 1 1 10 6 1 2 1 F Celina sp. 1 r Copelatus sp. 1 F Gyrlnus sp. 1 1 5 '* 5 F Dineutus sp. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 12 1 F llydrochus sp. 1 F Paracymus sp. 1 F Hclophorus sp. 1 1 r Tropisterimjs sp. 2 3 3 2 1 1 F Berosus sp. 1 2 15 1 1 1 F llelodldae 8 3 F Helichus sp. 1 F Dubiraphla sp. 4 2 84 3 47 25 31 2 4

F Stenelmls sp. 3 • 1 Diptera (Files, midge'S ) I 1ipulldae (Crane files) 1 1 T Cultcldae (Moaqu itoes) 2 4 3 17 2 3 1 1 T Chaoboridae (Phanton midges) 34 5 T Chironomidae (Mi'dges ) 46 83 14 72 48 12 200 20 750 250 38 29 23 38 35 9 17 OJ p Heleidae (Biting midges) 3 1 1 F labanldae (Horse flies) 1 1 Hollusca (Snails, Innpets ) T Pbysa sp. 10 39 8 50 17 10 4 1 r Lymnaea sp. 1 F Gyraulus sp. 16 F Helisoma sp. 1 M Sphaerlidae 2 11 12 4 I 1 16

Total number of organisms 296 678 267 238 264 631 303 249 1045 672 296 304 375 308 420

Percent intolerant organisms 34.5 10.3 0 37 6 20.5 0.2 0.3 6.0 9.1 0 3 15.5 20. 1 27.2 36.4 33 3 26 5 37.2 Percent moderate organisms 25.3 19.8 82.4 24.5 18.2 5.7 7.9 4.8 5 5 55.8 49 0 50.3 45.9 46.8 50.0 16 .2 46 3 Percent facultative organisms 7.1 30.2 9.0 8.6 40.2 2 1 3.6 75.1 7.0 4.9 22 3 15.8 19.2 2.9 6.0 41 .1 5.9 Percent tolerant organisms 33 1 39.7 8.6 29 1 21 2 91.1 88.1 14.1 78.5 39.0 13,2 13.8 7 7 14.0 10.7 16 .2 10 6

Total inlolcrant taxa 3 4 0 It 3 1 1 2 2 1 7 5 b 5 3 Total moderate taxa 8 9 8 4 5 2 2 5 6 5 8 7 8 6 /. Total facultative taxa 7 15 9 4 7 4 5 13 9 7 6 12 14 7 8 Total tolerant taxa 7 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 6 3 2 'j J 4 3

Total number of taxa 2S 33 20 15 20 11 11 23 23 1(. •>3 311 31 22 20 18 18

Stream Classification Uli UB SP UB UB SI' SP SP SP SP Ul! Uli UH UP, UT. ' [II1 I Ul)

'' - T\tfo Taxa '''•• - Three Taxa P - Present TABLE B-3 Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Organisms Found in Qualitative Samples of Crab Orchard Creek Tributaries, July 11 - August 22, 1975

TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME STATION 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 27 28 30 32 33 Little Little Trib Trib. Tnb. Trib Trib. Trih. LOCATION Buckley Crab 0. Crab 0. To Crab To Crab To Crab To Crab To Crab Limb Limb To ( rab Pigeon Pigeon Wolf Woll Sugar I reek Creek Creek 0 Ck. 0. Ck. 0. Ck 0. Ck. 0. Ck Branch Branch 0. Ck. Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek

F Bryozoa (Moss animals) Ilydrozoa F Hydra sp. Turbellaria (Flatworms) M Flanarildae 1 T Oligbcliaeta (Aquatic earthworms) 15-- 20^ T Hirudinea (Leeches) 1 1 Isopoda (Sou bugs) N Asellus sp. 23 31 126 28 M Lirceus sp 4 3 14 Amphipoda (Scuds) I llyallela aztet a 570 45 116 23 120 160 1 Crangonyx sp. I Decapoda (Crayfishes) M Palaemonctes sp. I Astauidae Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) M Hexagenia sp 1 1 7 F Caenis sp 15 180 1 1 21 28 6 7 40 40 [ baetinae 19 25 2 1 47 10 12 I Stenonuma sp. ' 120 56 27 Odonata (Dragonf1les, damselflies) M A«-'S(hnidae 2 1 1 2 1 1 M Libellulidae 4* 1 1 5 3 3 2 5 1 M Coenagrionidae 23* 5 39* 3* 9* 102** 21-v* 1 18•^: 1 6 12* 5 M Argia sp I 3 1 llemiptera (True bugs) i' Plea scriola 2 1 I r Hydrometridae 1 1 2 1 F Corixidae 2 4 1 2 30 8 4 2 7 F NotoncLtidae 2 F Ncpa S2- 1 F )!elo3tomat idae 1 1 F Veliidae F Cerris sp. 10 F 1repobates sp. F Rheumatobates sp. Megaloptera (Alder flies, fishflies) M Chauliodes sp 2 M Sialis sp. 22 86 Trlchoptera (Caddis f I les) M ( lieumatopsyche sp. I PhyacQphlla sp. r P(ilycentropis sp. 1 I Oe(etis sp F Lcpidoptera (Aquatic Laterpiilars) 10 Coleoptera (Beetles) F Peltodytes sp 10 F llydroporus sp. 24 F LacLophilus sp. 3 11 F Copelatus sp. 1 j_ 2 (( nnt limed) TAIiir Aqiialii Mai roinverteliral c Orj'.anisins Fcmnd in Qualjiativt S.-impK-s ol Crati Orchard Creek T'r ihut ar ii s , luly II - Aii)',i :i •>J. rws

llll I KANCI STATU'. SC'IINTIFIC NAM!' SIAIION 18 19 20 21 22 2) 2/. 2S 32 33 1.111 Ic I i tl If I r ill. I nil I r il. I r ih. I r il. I.OCArlON lUi.kli-y (rah (l, ( r.il. O 'ID (. rnl> Ui ( r.lli 1" I ral> Ici C r.il. In ( r il. I mill I mill 'ij-.tt'ii I'liH'on Woll Woll SuH'ir (rc-ek (reck ( ni k i). Ik. (). (k (i ( k. l>. I k. li. i k lll.llic II 1,1.1111 II

Ac 11 ins sp I llydrcivai us sp Noll riclai I) I iieiit IIS sp. Ilyilroplii I idai. I'arac ynnis sp. HI I npliiiriis sp I rnpi St iTiTTus sp I I TiCTcisiis sp. IS I'< Joclidac HI I 11 lills sp . I Hull 1 ropli la sj>. III II1 |)l I r.n O I II s , iiiiil)-! s ) I ijiiil lilac (I ram I I ii -.) I'sy. Ii.'ilidae (Null' I I n '.) I II I 11 id,-ii (Mosqii 1 I iM s) IJ I hiiiihiiridai (I'lidiil Kii iiiiil;'! '.) liixlilnc- (I)IXH iiiiclj'i'S) '.imiil i lilai (111 jc k I 1 lis) I II 1 riMiniiiidai' (Micli'is) 1 ) ') 14 Kill II .'K IS 2K lie II iclai (llll Mil', iiiiiliii-'.) '. I r.-il 1 oiiiy I iilai (Solclic-i I lies) 2 Inliaiiiilni (lli>i si I I ii '.) 1 Mill liisi .1 (Snal Is . I liiipi I s ) l'liys.1 sp. II IS (.yrim Ins -.p 1 I i-rr I s 1.1 ^j) '.plim r 1 1 il.ii HI 1 1 1

t 1)1 .1 I niinilii I III III -llll sill'. I III ^I'l IIV) W 1 ,H 1 I'l '. ill 19 ' 'UK

ri I Ml I III III c I illil III I' III I '.III- ill. ') 1 7 0 II II ') 7 1 1 ' Il 1 'i r. 1 (/•.I) (i7 >l •>'.'! I'l ', III 111 iiiiiili' I ,11 I III r.lii 1 sins I').'. II III II H'l 7 .11 11 ' ' •'i I 1 / IS / 'il. H 'iK II 11 1 •i.K 1, Il 1 / 1 1 < I 111 I .11 II I I .11 1 VI "I I'llll 1 '-I 2K / 19 1) llll II .: / il 'l I II .'. ) ' ' il .'1 111 H 1 1 1, !2 II ri 1 1 / 1. ill.K 'I I I 111 I .111 I .ml 111 j-.iii 1 sill Id.'I !<) 1 IH 11 I ' I. 18 ' 'I'l. .1 ')•> 7 1. (1 i'J.K 11 1 1/ 1) 1 / '1 1.' 1

It .1 I 1 111 il II I .-lilt I iiic.i 1 II 'i 1 1 1 'I I I llliilll I .III l.ix.i H 1.! / 9 1, 9 •I .1 I I .Il II I 1 .11 I VI- I .ix.i 1 1 '1 IH 1 > h 1. III 11 •I cl I llll Il I ,IX.l (> J l 1 1 1

I III .1 I iiiiiiilii I .il

-.111 .1111 I 1.1' s I I I III.

IWM I IX.I I 111 I c I.IX,I TABLE B-3 AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES FOUND IN QUALITATIVE SAMPLES OF CRAB ORCIIAKU CREEK TRIBUTARIES, JUT.Y 18 - AUGUST 8, 1975

TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME- STATION 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 49 50 51

ION Pin Pin Pin Trib. I ittle I It tie Oak Oak Oak to Pin Grassy Grassy (aney Grassy Grassy Drury Drury Drury Drury Urury Indian Indian Syi. amore Sycamore Creek Creek Creek Oak Ck Creek Creek Branch Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek

IJryoeoa (Moss animals) lurbellarla (Flatworms) Planariidae 13 1 1 1 2 2 3 17 Nemaiomorpha (Horsehair Worms) Ollgochaeta (Aquatic earthworms) 2 e^ 3 4* 8* 4* 3 4 11 Irud Inea (Leeches) 2 Isopoda (Sow bugs) As^e 11 us sp. 300 16 9 8 20 9 75 42 22 27 16 22 100 Llrcetis sp. 3 10 10 15 15 Ampliipoda (Scuds) Hyallela azteca 86 96 43 3 22 10 20 123 Gammarus sp. 54 Crangonyx sp. Decapoda (Crayfishes) Palaemonetes sp Astacidae Fphemeroptera (Mayflies) Hexagenia sp. 2 1 Caenis sp. 165 22 3 2 8 15 11 3 22 35 24 Baetinae 28 27 3 20 50 7 19 38 41 17 84 Stenonema sp 110 ' 116 16 27 55 68 70 85 150 35 36 39 Odonata (Dragonflies damseIf lies) Gon-ph ldae 2 1 2 1 Aeschnidae 1 5 2 2 6 5 Libellulidae 5* 1 3 Agrion sp 10 17 3 2 21 1 9 17 Coenagrionidae 37** 3 1 27 37'. 1 2 11 4 Argia sp 3 1 36 4 5 30 27 2 3 8 llemiptera (True bugs) Hydrometridae 1 Corixidae 1 1 8 8 Notonectidae 1 Ve 11idae 1 6 Gerr is sp. 2 3 1 1 10 10 Trepobates jp. 2 4 4 10 s F Rheumatobates sp. 3 7 3 2 \- Mesoveli Idae Megaloptera (Alder flies, flshflies) M Stalls sp Irichoptera (Caddis flies) Hydropsychidae ("upae) Cheumatopsyclic sp. 11 28 19 95 14 Hydropsyche sp. 18 Rhyacophila sp. Hydroptila sp. 1 Chimarra sp. 34 86 Neurec1Ipsis sp. PJlycentropis gp. 1 Oecetis sp Pychopsyclie sp Coleoptera (Beet les) Peltodytes sp TABLE (Continued) B-3 AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES FOUND IN QUAI.ITATIVE SAMPLES OF CRAB ORCHARD CREEK TRIBUTARIES, JUI.Y 18 - AUGUST 8, 1975. TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME STATION 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 48 50 51

LOCATION- Pin Pin Pin Trib. Little Little oak oak Oak to Pin Grassy Grassy Caney Grassy Grassy Drury Drury Drury Drury Drury Indian Ind ian Sycamore Syt amore Creek Creek Creek oak Ck. Creek Creek Branch Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek treek

F '-* Hydroporus sp. 1 F Laccophilus sp. Gyrlnldae Gyrlnus sp Dineutus sp. LacLobius sp. Enochrus sp. Paracymus sp, Helophorus sp. Troplstermus sp. Berosus sp. Ectopria sp. llelodldae I Helichus sp. 1 1 1 U 3 7 -1 1 Dubiraphla sp. u 14 6 6 44 1 32 18 1/ 38 Stenelmls sp. I 2 3 72 Diptera (Files, midges) Tipulidae (Crane files) Psychodldae (Moth flies) 2 1 Cullcidae (Mosquitoes) 1 150 500 2 4 I b 1 Chaoboridae (Phantom midges) 11 Dixidae (Dixa midges) 2 23 3 1 Simullidae (Black flies) 3 Chironomidae (Midges) 5 3 20 31 51 55 7 15 25 60 44 19 14 15 76 Heleidae (Biting midges) 1 I I 1 Stratlomylidae (Soldier flies) I 1 Tabanidae (Horseflies) Lmpidldae (Dance flies) Ephydridae (Shore flies) Mollusca (Snails, limpets) Physa sp Lymnaea sp. 7 Hclisoma sp. 10 Sphaeriidae 20 Corblcula sp. 4

Total number of organisms 557 172 543 144 507 452 132 236 317 304 361 363 124 275 194 80

Percent intolerant organisms 1.8 0 0 4.2 46 0 54.2 48. S 45 ,8 42.3 30.1 31.3 37 .7 57 .6 0.8 45 5 33 5 51, 2,5 Percent moderate organisms 91.6 9.3 0 6 36.1 5.5 25 0 19.7 28 .8 31.2 49 6 28 9 36 .3 •' 21. 8 76 6 12 7 24 7 22 0 Percent facultative organisms 18 0.6 11 29 9 35.5 7.3 29 5 21 2 19.9 7 S 18.4 13 .1) 10 S 12.1 32.0 34.0 23 2,5 Percent tolerant organisms 4.8 90.1 98.3 29.9 13.0 13 5 2.3 4 2 6.6 12.8 21.4 13 .0 10 _ 2 10.s 9 8 7 7 2 95 0

lotal intolerant taxa 1 0 0 1 6 4 6 8 4 4 5 /, 1 9 2 Total moderate taxa 4 1 1 7 6 3 9 11 5 7 10 7 1 •5 0 Intal faiiiUative taxa 5 1 4 11 11 a 9 13 11 8 7 7 12 7 14 11 2 1 total tolerant taxa 3 3 6 4 6 3 2 3 5 4 4 2 '. I 3 2 4 24 ID 31 5 lotal number of taxa 13 5 11 :'3 29 23 18 31 35 21 22 27 19 30

Stream Classification SP •^ - Two I axa -.- - Three Taxa P - Present TABLE B-4 Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Found in Qualitative Samples of Piles Fork and Little Crab Orchard Creek, near Carbondale, Illinois, July 16 - 29, 1975

TOLERANCE STATUS SCIENTIFIC NAME ', STATION- 52 53 55 56 57 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Little Little I ittle Little l.ittle Little Little LOCATION' Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Pi les Piles Crab 0. Crab 0. ( rab 0. Crab 0, Crab o. Irab 0 Crab 0. Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork (reek Creek Creek f reek Creek Creek Creek

Turbellaris (Flatworms) Planariidae 3 Ollgochaeta (Aquatic earthworms) 3* 1 8 I 170 600 500 1 Hirudinea (Leeches) 4 Isopoda (Sow bugs) Asellus sp. 20 70 70 11 200 31 60 30 85 110 140 280 600 500 450 270 Amphipuda (Scuds) llyallela sp. 5 6 28 1 1 I 10 Crangonyx sp. Decapoda (Crayfishes) Palaemonetes sp. 3 Astacidae 22 12 4 Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Hexagenia sp. Caenis sp 23 10 20 2 140 Baetinae 1 7 1 11 Ca 11 ibaetis sp. Stenonema sp 5 60 6 39 85 Odonata (Dragonf1les, damselflies) Gomphidae 1 I Aeschnidae Libellulidae 3 2 I 5* Agricin sp. 8 3 6 1 Coenagrionidae 1 1 9* 3-^ 2 1 Argia sp 2 4 6 18 49 Hemiptera (True bugs) Corixidae 1 20 Helostomatldae 1 1 Veliidae Gerridae Gerris sp. Trepobates sp. Rheumatobates sp. Trlchoptera (Caddis flies) Hydropsychidae (Pupae) Cheumatopsyche sp. 10 38 Polycentropis sp Coleoptera (Beetles) Peltodytes sp. Dytiscldae Coptotpmus sp. llydroporus sp. Lai-'cophl lus sp. Gyrinidae Dineutus sp Tropisterniis sp Helichus sp. B-4 (Continued) TARl.F Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Found In Qualitative Samples of Piles Fork and Little trah Orchard Creek, near Carbondale, lllinc-ns, UiU In 29, 197S

TOI.CRAN cr STATUSS SCIENTIFIC NAME STATION- 52 53 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 6 3 6', iiS 1,1) 1,; I.S li9 70 little Little I 1 t t II 1, It t II little little I itt le LOCATION Piles Files Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles Piles < ral) 0, (rah 0, I rah o. i rnh n I r .lb 0 , I r.-ih CI ( r.ili 0 Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork Fork I'cirk Creek I ri'i'k I ic-ok i reik t ri'i k I rei-k I rc-i k

r I .Berosus sp I |- ^"Helodidai- r Dubiraphla sp. II) Diptera (Flics, midges) T Cullcidae (Mosquitoes) 3 'T (haoboridae (Phantom midges) r Dixidae (Dixa midges) M Simiiliidae (Black flies) I ( Il I rcinomidac (Midges) 35 33 40 46 60 F Ik'Ic-idac (Bit ing midges) 1 3- 1 T labanldae (Horseflies) 1 Mollusia (Snails, limpets) I Pbysa sp. 1 2 1 1 -) 6 2 9 1. r Lymnaea sp 1 1 I (.yraulus sp 1 M Sph»eriidai.- 10 12 1 10 1 2 i 90 F f'cirh 1 c-ii la sp 2

Total number cif organisms 58 124 827 118 9 18 261 70 117 101 136 222 J29 idO 4'.2 1 .'03 Itll.9 Pi-rient intolerant organisms 29.3 20.2 4.2 11 0 11 .1 5 6 1.9 2 9 7.7 5 0 8.8 27 5 14.0 1 0 0.2 (1 II 3 I 7 PI rcent mcjderate organisms 34.5 68.5 92.1 71.2 11 1 61 I 81 2 45.7 53.0" 37 6 69 1 61 7 4S 6 i. 1 84 2 'i9."J '.-. H S7. Percent fai II1 tat I VI' organisms 13 8 8.1 2 2 13.6 77 .8 27.8 2.3 2.9 2.6 4.0 2 2 5.9 20.4 7 7 1 1 1 0. 1 tl 7 I'lrccnL tolerant organisms 22 h 3 2 1.5 4.2 0 5.6 14 6 48.6 36 8 53.5 19 9 S 0 20 1 H7 7 Sll.tl S 2 . J

T ital intolerant taxa I 3 5 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 6 2 1 II J f^ I til a I moderate taxa 1 5 2 5 1 2 2 4 4 4 'i J 3 1 1

Total I ai-ii I tat ivc taxa 2 4 4 9 1 3 2 3 3 2 6 1 1 9 1, 1 .1 1 ot n 1 t llll rant t axa s 2 4 3 0 3 2 3 2 5 3 '• i 3 2 \

Total niimhc-r of t axa 9 14 IS 20 3 6 11 7 10 11 13 15 25 19 1 1 'i 1 1

SI ream I lasslf11 at i mi im Uli SP UB SP SP SP SP SP SP SP UR UT. SP SP SI' SP Table c-i. Key to headings and water quality parameter abbreviations.

WATER # TEMP F Sample temperature in degrees TDS/EC Total dissolved solids by electrical Fahrenheit conductivity, milligrams per liter FIELD D 0 Dissolved oxygen concentrations of the (Specific conductivity in micromhos sample immediately following collection multiplied by 0.6 equals TDS/EC) milligrams per 1 iter FLUOR Fluoride, milligrams per liter PH # UNITS Sample pH (relative acidity), units CHLOR Chloride, milligrams per liter TOTAL PHOS Total phosphorus as P (unfiltered) SULFT Sulfate, milligrams per liter milligrams per liter TOTAL SULFR Total sulfur, milligrams per liter AV6 BOD-5 5-Day biochemical oxygen demand, BORON Total boron, milligrams per liter average of 3 measurements, milligrams FE TOTAL Total iron, milligrams per liter per liter FE DISS Dissolved iron, milligrams per liter COD Chemical oxygen demand, milligrams HG # UG/L Total mercury, micrograms per liter per 1i ter SE Total selenium, milligrams per liter FEC COLI # Fecal coliform bacteria, number PLNKTN # NO/ML Total plankton, number of organisms -5o9 -o NO/.IL viable bacteria per 100 milliliters per mil"" iliter m AMM N Ammonia nitrogen as N, milligrams COLOR § UNITS Color, platinum-cobalt units o per liter PHENOL Phenol-like substances, milligrams per liter I—» NTRAT + NTRIT Nitrate plus nitrite as N, milligrams CN Cyanide, milligrams per liter X per 1 iter OIL Oil, milligrams per liter ORG N Organic nitrogen as N, milligrams MBAS Methylene blue active substances (synthetic per 1 iter detergents) milligrams per liter TOTAL N Total nitrogen as N, milligrams per CCE Carbon chloroform extract, milligi'ams per liter 1 i ter TSS Total suspended solids, milligrams per TURBY # UNITS Turbidity, Jackson candle units liter RESIDUE ON EVAP Residue on evaporation of filtered sample, AS Total arsenic, milligrams per liter milligrams per liter BA Total barium, milligrams per liter VOL S SOLIDS Volatile suspended solids, milligrams per CD Total cadmium, milligrams per liter 1 i ter CR HEX Total hexavalent chromium, milligrams HRDNS Hardness, milligrams per liter as calcium per liter carbonate CR TRI Total trivalent chromium, milligrams ALK Alkalinity, milligrams per liter as calcium per liter carbonate CR TOTAL Total chromium, milligrams per liter TOTAL ACDY Total acidity, milligrams per liter as CU Total copper, milligrams per liter calcium carbonate PB Total lead, milligrams per liter FREE ACDY Free acidity, milligrams per liter as MN Total manganese, milligrams per liter calcium carbonate NI Total nickel, milligrams per liter AG Total silver, milligrams per liter ZN Total zinc, milligrams per liter TABLE C-1 (Continued)

NO OF ANALYSES Number of samples dina]yzed for the corresponding parameter

MAXIMUM VALUE Largest value obtained for the corresponding parameter for the samples measured

MINIMUM VALUE Smallest value obtained for the corresponding parameter for the samples measured

MEAN VALUE For all parameters except fecal coliform, the arithmetic mean (average) of the measured sample values; for fecal coliform, the geometric mean of the measured sample values

MEDIAN VALUE An approximation of the median measured sample value ("approximate" for reasons of computer caluclation costs)

CRITERION This number represents the maximum level for the corresponding parameter which is deemed acceptable by State standards (in the case of dissolved oxygen, it is the minimum level, for pH it is the acceptable range). The number shown is not ON necessarily an enforceable standard however. For further information, consult Pollution Control Board Regulations, Chapter 3. Where the criteria is shown cv. a series of nines, no numerical criterion has been estatil ished fot that ['araiuftiM at that location.

NOTE: The headings "Run Date", "County", and "Data Date" are not pertinent to this report and r.hou^ be ignored Table C-2. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1972.

LOCATION ces:? ["TfrN: u' U

WATE" Fl ELO OH TITAL AVG COO FEC COLI tMM NTHAT* OPG TPTAL TSS «TE"P F n: »UN1TS PMCS 900-5 •NO/.1 L N NTRIT N N

NC OF ANALYSES 1* 13 U 14 U u 14 M**IMUM VALUE 77 11. *! 7.<. .?'.C 5 100 3.60 1.2 fINjMUl VALUE 3" 2.« 3.5 .err 10 .25 • *iKH VALUf 63 7.3 A.7 .0«i2 25 1.43 .2 •"ETIAN VALUf 60 7.5 A.C .020 10 1.32 .1 CBITE^IDN 63- <»3 5.0 6.5-Q qo.qpq 200 1.5C QQO.Q

AS HA CO C" C9 CU pq HN NI AG 7N HEX TRI TOTAL

NC OF ANALYSES 3 5 5 J 2 4 7 5 7 5 5 >"A»I1U1 VALUE .coc .1 .C30 .to .00 .01 .38 .10 11. CO .3 .CIC 1.2 MINIMU1 VALUE .ooc .0 .000 .CO .00 .00 .IC ,:* l.

TOS/EC FLUOR CHLOB SULFT TOTAL 8CR0N FE F£ HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL' DISS •uoa tNO/fL •LNITS

NC OF ANALYSES 14 5 7 7 3 T 2 2 3 * fAXIf^N VALUE 26CC 17 2300 .4 5.2 1.63 .0 .CC HINIMUi VALUE IOC .1 8 250 .2 l.« .41 .0 .CO HEAN VALUE 1515 13 1217 .3 3.5 1.02 .0 .CO "EOIAN VALUE I70r .5 14 1200 .4 3.8 1.02 .0 .CO CBITEPIQN ICOC 1.4 500 500 1.0 l.O qo.qp .5 I.CO

PHENOL CN OIL 19AS CCE TUR9V RESIDUE VOL S HRONS ALK TOTAL FREE »UNITS ON EVAP SCLIOS ACDY ACO^

NO OF ANALYSES 14 4 1 4 3 3 a HAXIHU1 VALUE • Oil .000 .70 «>5 160 60 "INIMU1 VALUE .ooc .000 .K 20 110 44 ^EAN VALUE .0C6 .000 .34 53 140 93 "EOIAN VALUE .005 .000 .30 45 150 55 CRITERION .1.^0 .250 pgo.oq opQpq P9Q9 999 P

SOTE ALL IFAN VALUES APE ARITHNIETIC IEAN EXCEPT FDR FECAL COLI WHICH IS CEO^ETPIC HE»N. NOTE ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING • SYMI^OL. Table C-3. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-04, 1973.

LOCITIGN :? :C'I'T; •] n .' 13 =< 1 '1 r OC "i^n'i

<\ ^ii M-:L:- OH T?T'.L XVO f''C roLT a WW NT'i&T* TITM TSS T?" f. I o: U'

NJ HF ANAL YS-: S 1 > 11 !2 1? ,: 1 ? 13 ItXIMU.'l ViLUr '^^ la.i 7.0 . 33: 1 ^CJO 2.3^ . <• lINIHUr V4LU: 3^ 4. J 3.4 , 0 J^ 13 . 37 . C lElN VALUc -.7 i. , 5.5 .:i7 5J . 1 iniAN V4LUE -)<. '.4 •5.2 .04 S IS .-)7 . 1 c C^ITE!»ION o3- ^3 ^ • J c 5-q QQ.QTQ 200 i.s: qqq.q

IS CD c^ CU 3 3 MN M tr. 7N TBI TCTM

ND OF ANALYSES 1 1 I 1 I 1 I liXIMUH ViL'jE .v.) J ji: , T _ .CO .31 5.0C .oco niNIMUK V4LUE .:3C •:n . - I- .00 • w ' .31 5.0C .30 3 MEAN VALUE •JIO . J Vrf .00 • J2 . 31 5.CC' .00 0 -tOIAN VlLUe ou .0. .'JO •

ros/EC PLU'3-; C H L ."• ? SL'LFT T1T4L orp.'ifj FE HO SE PLNi

N'O OF ANALYSES 12 3 3 2 1 I •(AXIMUI VALUE 3'. 0. 17 •q?.; 4.7 .0 00 HlNl,>»Uf. VALUf il- 13 q': .3 .0 C " MEAN VALUE 1?*: 15 141- 2.7 .0 c ; MEDIAN VALUE Il J5 l5 13oi, 2.7 • C ^ _'

CRITERION UOJ 1.4 5:'0 •JO. I. 1.0 .5 I :•)

PME'fL C^t "!tL iS CCE TUi:?* "=5!OUE VOL S HSO'-lS .\L'< OTAL FOES UNITS CN £Vi" siLns ACCY ACOY

NO OF ANALYSES 12 1 11 1 ? 5 HIXIHJM VALUf .00.' 3i. 2.4: ?7C0 133 MINIMUM VALUE .«;o. Oi. 2.40 1640 60 MEAN VALUE .: 3 7 . L 0 .' 1- ?.40 ?170 "2 -cOIAN VAL'JE . . )'J .00. •> ; .'.4:- -'170 100 C-)ITE!»ICN . 1 ^ - .:5J •3:: 0-)3.T5 qoqqq qcoo

MOTE iLL ME-'N VILUES t'E i7I''H*

LOCATIO'if DESf;K IPTIM-J: RT 11 n-- I "I E OF «A^IOiN

WAT El' FILLJ PH TOTAL AVG COO FEC CCiLI AMM NTRr\T-f ORG TOTAL TSS fffEMP F JL' • UIITS PriUS BOD-5 «NO/.l I N NTRIT N N

NO OF ANALYStS I? 12 12 12 12 12 12 MAXIMUM VALUE -ii 11.u 7.7 .260 1500 .75 J.3 i^INIMUM VALUE 30 k.2 3. 3 .000 0 .01 .1 1EAN VALUt 5:> 11.? t>. j .072 42 .30 .8 •lEOIAt) VALUE 5> i'.4 6.7 .030 45 .25 .3 CRITtRin:-! 63- qj S.O 6.5-9 99.q-»q 200 1.50 999.9

AS UA CD CK CR CR Cl: PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL -» NO OF AMALYSES •( J 3 3 3 3 J 3 3 3 MAXIMUM VALUF ..304 -> .010 .00 .00 .13 .06 4.80 .1 .000 1.3 MINIMUM VALUt • Ouo .0 • OOU .00 .00 .01 .00 1.77 .0 .000 .1 IfcAN VAU); • UOl .0 .006 .00 .00 .06 .02 3.35 .0 .000 .6 VD HLlJIAN V.'.LUt .00- .0 .00'} .00 .00 .0-i .02 3.50 .1 .000 .4 CKITl^RIDN 1.000 ).C .oso .U5 1.00 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

TIIS/FC FLU'.M CHLOK SULFT TUTAL BORON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL DISS l»UO/L fNO/ML •UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 11 4 4 4 4 t 3 3 MAXIMUM V/.LUE 1500 . :> 22 1500 .3 11.0 .3 .00 MINIMUM VALUt 440 .2 11 295 .1 1.4 .0 .00 MFAN VALUE 75'i .3 17 752 .2 5.2 .1 .00 ^tOIAN VO.LUt 1^20 .?. 17 607 .2 3.2 .0 .00 CRITEftlUN lOiJO 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

PHLNDL ^'*. OIL MBAS CCE TURBY aesiouE VOL S HRONS ALK TOTAL FREE »UNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACDY ACDY

NO OF ANALYStS U 4 12 4 2 MAXIMUM VALUt .010 .000 . 70 298C 170 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .000 .10 1150 5 MEAN VALUF .004 .000 .25 2012 87 MECIAN VALUt .000 .coo .20 1960 87 CRITERION .100 .2oO 999.99 9999 V 9999

r^Of-: ALL WEAN VALUES AKE ARITHMETIC MEAN L=XCEPT FOR FECAL CCH WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTK: ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING « SYMBOL. Table C-5. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-04, 1975,

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: BT 13 qo 1 M1 E OF MARION

WATE9 P 1 F Ld PH TRTAL AVG con FEC CHLl AMM NTRAT* ORG TOTAL TSS ', *TEMP F on •UNITS PHCS «

NO OF ANALYSES 13 13 13 1^ 13 13 13 MAXIMUM VALUE 75 14.0 7.3 .300 9803 .40 3.0 MINIMUM VALUE 32 6.3 6.4 .000 0 .0'^ .1 MEAN VALUE 53 •J. 7 6.9 .04 2 60 .22 .8 MEDIAN VALUE 54 9.5 7.0 .020 110 .20 .2 CRITERIHN 63- 93 5.0 6 .5-9 99.999 200 1.50 999.9

AS BA cc CR CR C« CU PB MN NI AG ZN HfX TRI TOTAL

NU OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 4 I 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .0 .020 .00 .00 .00 .02 .01 2.80 .0 .000 .3 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .00 .30 .75 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VALUE .OuO .0 .010 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 1.83 .0 .000 .1 MEDIAN VALUE .000 .0 .010 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 1.89 .0 .000 .0 CRITERION 1.000 5.0 .050 .05 I.00 1.05 .02 .10 I.00 1.0 .005 1.0 o o TDS/EC FLUOR CHLCR ILFT TOTAL BORHN FF FE hC, se PLNKTN COLOR SULFR OTAL DISS •UG/L •NO/ML •UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUF 1350 .4 17 92 5 .3 4.9 .1 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 173 .2 10 75 .1 .7 .0 .00 MCAN VALUE 653 .2 13 625 .2 2.6 .0 .00 MEDIAN VALUE 640 .2 14 750 .2 2.4 .0 .00 CRITERION 1000 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

PHFNOL CN OIL MBAS CCF TURPV RESIOUF VOL S HRONS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON FVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACPY

NO OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .038 .JOO . 30 2103 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .003 .00 1590 MCAN VALUE .004 .000 .22 1872 MEDIAN VALUE .035 .000 .33 1900 r.RITERlPN .100 .250 999.99 99999

NOTE: ALL MEAN VALUES ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTFJ ALL UNITS IN HC/L EXCEPT AS SMOWV FOLLOWING • SYMBOL. Table C-6. Crab Orchard Creek water quality summary statistics, Station ND-04, 1976

LC;iIIC\ C=SCi

HATER FIELC PH TOTAL AVG cuo FfcC CULI AfH MRAT* ORG TDTAL TSS •TEfP F CC HUNITS PHUS BUD-5 «NQ/.l L N NTRII N

NC i-F A'.ALYSES IS IS 19 n 19 19 19 17 NiXl.vuN V.1LLE 76 17.3 7.6 .700 ?iO')0 .5 ) I.? 9? M.MMC V^LLE •'? 4.<> 6.2 . 0 > j 0 .CO .0 6 f£AS VALLE 57 7.7 7.0 .102 176 .20 .2 25 fiClAN' VALUE 61 6.n 7.0 .050 190 .Ii .2 2 1 C^IIEAICN b^-

AS BA CO CK CR CR CU Pd fH NI AC ZN HCX TRI TUTAL

\C CF ANALYSES 7 7 11 7 6 7 7 7 11 7 11 MiXlHU" V»LLE .ccc .1 .010 .00 .03 .07 .05 .01 5.00 "20 2.0 MMfUV VALLE .ceo .C .CGO .00 .00 .i.l .o; .'K 1.18 •> ^ ^ , * f£A". VALtr • - ? J • .004 .00 .01 .02 .02 .00 2.28 TT3 .3 VfCI-N VALLE • CCC .0 .ceo .00 .01 .02 .03 .CO 2.00 ?C0 .1 C^llL.

TUS/EC FLtOR LCK SULFI TCTAL bOKON Ft FE HG SF PLNKTN COLCK SULFK TOTAL DISS #UG/L ((NO/KL •UNITS

NC C^ ANALYSES 7 7 18 7 18 11 7 KAXIfL" VALLt I- .4 38 16<.0 .3 5.4 .2 0? KlMFUf VilLE )^^. .2 10 150 .1 .7 .0 OT KrAN VALLc S J? .3 18 691 .1 1.5 .^ 00 KECIIN VALUE 75C .3 15 526 .1 1.3 .0 00 C-tlTE-»ICN ICCC 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 00

PHEiNCL CN GIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUE VOL S HRC.NS ALK TCTAL FREE IIUNITS CN FVAP SCLICS ACDY ACDY

Nt CF ANALYSES 1 7 3 11 12 17 17 f-AXlfLK VALLE .•'2': .'.25 .30 24C0 1180 82 T •"IMKUH VALLt .CCC .COO .20 405 235 0 0 CEAN VALUE .0C9 .C07 .23 1396 717 1,7 0 •cCIAN VALLc . ;io .035 .20 1408 670 50 0 C.

NOTE: ALL MEAN VALUES ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL CCLI WHICH IS GFOMETRIC MEAN. NOTE! ALL UNITS IN PC/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING » SYH80L. Table C-7. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statl.stics, Station ND-03, 1972.

LOCATION 0ES:^IPTICN: I-'=7 9? 1.5 ^ \ S OF lARIOM

WATER FIELD OH TOTAL AVG COO FEC COLI AMM NTRAT+ CPG TDTAL TSS KTE* ip F 00 KUNITS DHGS 800-5 • NO/. I L- N NTBIT N u

NC OF ANALYSES 12 12 12 1 ? 12 12 12 MAKIMUM VALUE 75 q. 1 7, A( : 15OC30OO K .20 1 .^ a.^ n, MINIMUM VALUE 41 .2 fc.q . i*.: 3qo .2H MEAN VALUE 59 3.9 7.3 2.ffl<5 12771 3 .51 .5 MEOIAN VALUE 63 3.2 7.3 2.0CO SI 50 1 .50 .5 CRITERION 63- • 93 5.0 6.5-q 9q.qqq 20C 1 .5C qqq.q

AS lA CO CO CR CR CU PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TCTAL

NC OF ANALYSES 1 2 2 2 2 MAXIMUM VALUE .OOC .CO-: .CG .CO .16 .35 2.46 .0 .oco .1 MINIMUM VALUE .'ooc .0 .coo .00 .00 .05 .01 1.17 ."> .oco .0 MEAN VALUE .c:c .D .(.'.J .c: .CO .Oft .03 1.77 .0 .000 .0 "EOIAN VALUE .o;c .0 .coo .00 .CO .C6 .03 1. 86 .0 .000 .0 o CRITERION I. ooc 5.0 .C50 .C5 1.00 .C> .ir l.CO 1 .c .005 1.0 ro

TDS/EC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL 9 0R0N FE FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL' DISS • UG/L «ND/rL • LMTS

NC OF ANALYSES 12 5 5 5 1 5 3 5 1 MAXIMUM VALUE S64 .7 70 5C6 .4 3.5 .40 1.2 .CO MINIMUM VALUE 36C .2 2C 2CC .4 .4 .26 .0 .CO MEAN VALUE 571 .4 39 . 321 .4 1.5 .32 .4 .00 MEOIAN VALUE 52C .6 41 250 .4 1.3 .32 .4 .00 CRITERION lOOC 1.4 500 5CC 1.0 1.0 qo.qq .5 l.CO

PHENOL CN CIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUE VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACOY

NO OF ANALYSES 12 5 12 3 MAXIMUM VALUE .025 .305 2.00 55 MINIMUM VALUE .COC .030 .40 15 MEAN VALUE .011 .001 1.16 35 MEDIAN VALUE .012 .030 1.15 35 CRITERION .IOC .250 909.99 99999

SOTE: ALL MFAN VVALUE S ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FFCAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC ME*N. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING • SYMBOL. Table C-8. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1973.

LOCATION DESCRIPTION KT 149 RR 2 MI £ OF DESOTO

WATER FIELD PH Toru AVG C9P FEC COLI 4MM NT54T* T-)T^L TSS TEMP F OC UNITS PHOS ROO-5 NC/.l L N NTOIT "J

NO OF ANALYSES 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 HAXINUM VALUE 79 11.8 7.9 .720 3000 .St l.l MINIMUM VALUE 32 5.3 5.9 .16C 33 .15 .0 MEAN VALUE 57 7.4 7.4 .32 1 155 .3'- .3 MEOIAN VALUE 59 6.7 7.5 .3'0-: 12C .27 .3 CRITERION 63- 93 5.3 6.5-9 90.999 200 1.5C qqq.q

AS BA CO CR CR CR CU o^ MN M IG 7N HEX TRI TOTAL

NO OF ANALYSES 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 NAXinUN VALUE .030 .2 .300 .00 .00 .05 .02 4.CO .0 .003 .0 NINIHUM VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .01 .52 , T .300 .3 MEAN VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .01 .31 1.56 .c .OCO .0 MEDIAN VALUE .030 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .0 1 .16 . c .OCO .3 O CRITERION 5.0 .o50 .05 1.00 .C2 • i: 1.30 I.: .3C5 1.0 UJ 1.000

TDS/EC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL BORON FE F = HG SE 'LNKTN CCLO" SULFR TOTAL DISS UG/L NC/ML UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 12 4 4 3 4 4 3 MAXIMUM VALUE 143J 33 55: 1.5 2.6 .0 .03 MINIMUM VALUE 150 13 170 .1 1.2 .0 .o: MEAN VALUE 559 24 335 .6 1.7 .0 .CO MEDIAN VALUE 507 24 295 .2 1.6 .c .C' CRITERION 1030 1.4 500 50C 1.0 l.C .5 l.CO

FREE PHENOL CN OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUE VOL S MOONS 4LK TOTAL •UNITS CN EVAP soLns ACCY ACOY

NO OF ANALYSES 12

NOT- ALL MEAN VALUES ARE AStTH^ETIC "EAN EXCEPT FOP FECAL COLI WHICH IT -.EC-ETClc MeJ^^. NOTE: ALL UNITJ IN MG/L EXCFP^ AS S^O-^N FTLLOWING • SY'"»OL. Table C-9. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-03, 1974.

LdCATUlfi DESLR IPrit'N: l-S? HK I.S MI S OF MARION

WATE 1 f IcLD PH TOTAL AVG COO FEC COLI AMM NTRAT* ORG TOTAL TSS • I l>ir - F OL #UNITS PHOS 80D-5 #NO/.l L N NTRIT N N

NU Lit AM.MYStS 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 MAKIMUM VALUE 0 3 11.3 8.0 6.000 6900C 6.00 2.9 MINIMUM VALUt 31) 1.3 6.7 .200 lOOC .15 .2 MEAN VALUE 57 5.3 7.2 1.843 8821 1.64 .9 MEI-IAN VILUE 59 '•.^ 7.2 1.150 1080f' .83 .8 C.tlTE'.

Hb IX A CD CR CR CR CU PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL

NO OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VVLllE .001 .005 .00 .00 .00 .94 .14 2.40 .0 .000 .1 MI'. I MUM V'^LUc .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .or. .01 .50 .0 .000 .0 o Mr'.N VALur .OU'"' .0 .001 .00 .00 .00 .2t .05 1.23 .0 .000 .0 yi- IAN VALU>: .OCi.i .0 • 000 .00 .00 .00 .1 .03 l.Ol .0 .000 .0 U K IT E M " 1.00^ 3.0 .050 .05 1.00 1.05 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

TliS/rL t-LU^I.l CriLOk SULFT TOTAL BOKON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL DISS • UG/L •NO/ML •UNITS

NO IF Af'ALYStS 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE 740 .ti 50 510 .5 3.3 .3 .00 Ml ilMUM VUUfc 17J .1 12 100 .1 1.1 .0 .00 MLA'N' VALUe 319 .3 26 253 .2 2.0 .0 .00 MCniAN VALUL 595 .3 22 202 .1 l.f. .0 .00 C.

PMLNOL c.>< OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUL VOL S HRCNS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS UN EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACDY

NO UF ASALYSeS 10 4 12 MAXIMUM VALUE .020 .014 .90 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .030 .20 MEAN VALUE .OlU .003 .;>o Mt, lA" VALUu .010 .000 .45 CHI It". ION .100 .2b'J 999.99

NOTE: .ALL MEAN VALUES ARE AKITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL CCLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOIF: ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLCWING « SYMBOL. Table C-10. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-03, 1975.

LCCATION Le'iCC rPT ICN: f-57 "o i.^ Mf S Of MAmiN

.^T^7 >• I r I 0 PH TnT«L AVG Cll) FFC rCLI AMM NTRAT*. T»G TOTAL TSS • T : MP F on -iij' i ITS PHP*; nnu-5 itHO/. I L N NTRIT N N

^.l• ijF ANAIYS- 12 1/ 12 12 12 12 12 MAX IMIJM VALU'^ 85 11. 1 7.5 4.5'.": 5RCC3 5 .'J 5 6.3 "I NIMIIM VALU'' 36 1 .1 6.9 .380 320 .38 .0 MF A\ VALlf sa o. 1 7.2 1.427 8708 2 .05 1.0 "tf^IAN VAII;F 55 5.5 7.2 .825 1350O 1 .45 .5 CPITCQION 63- 9i 5.0 6.-^-9 99.999 200 1.50 999. 9

A<; P4 cn CP CR CR C'J P« MN M AG ZN HFX TPI TCAL

NO OF AKALVS; =; '» 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 "AXIMUM V'l"' • s/3i .0 .010 .00 .00 .00 .01 1.85 .0 .000 .1 HI'J I.MUM VAL f .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .00 .71 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VAl lit .00? .0 .002 .00 .00 .00 .00 1.35 .0 .000 .0 o MFJI AN VAlUl .032 .0 .o0 3 .00 .00 .03 .0 3 1.43 .0 .000 .0 Ul CHI TFRir.N 1 .000 5.0 .050 .05 1.00 .02 . 10 I. 00 1.0 .005 1.0

TOS/EC FLUOR CHLO.< SULFT TOTAL BORON FE Ff HG Sf PLNKTN COLOR SULFP TOTAL DISS • UG/L • NO/ML •UNITS

HO (IF ANALYSTS 12 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALMf 623 .9 43 368 . 5 1.9 .2 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 190 .3 19 230 .2 .6 .0 .00 MEAN VALUF 461 .6 31 284 .3 1.2 .0 .00 MEOIAN VAL'JF 4 34 .6 31 2 70 .3 1.1 .0 .00 COITFRION 1000 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

PHFiNHL CN CM MBAS CCE TUB TV PFSIDUE VOL S HRONS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON EVAO SOLIDS ACDY ACOY

•JO HF ANAL VSF<; 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .0 2) .010 .90 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .000 .40 MFAN VALUE .007 .002 .65 MEOIAN VAL.JF .305 .J^O .65 CRITFRION . 100 .?bO 999.99

NOTE: ALL MEAN VALUFS ARE ARITHMFTIC MfAN FXCEPT FOP FECAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MCAN. 'inTc . All IINTT<; IN MG/I FXCFPT AS SHOWN FniLOWtNG « SYMBOL. Table C-11. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics Station ND-03, 1976.

LLCATICN C£SCW1PIIC»: 1-57 dK 1.5 HI S OF MARIUN

b.AI[.< HcLC PH TCTAL AVG COO FtC CULI AKK r.T.

.NL ^^ ANALYSES 1? I? 12 17 11 12 12 r J <;cUf V^LLE 79 20.5 8.7 •1.7C0 21C00O T.bO 2.0 HM "L" VJLUc IC .3 6.8 .'.00 1500 .111 .0 ^ra\ VALL£ 56 5.6 7.<. 3.739 78<.7 3.13 .7 .fnClA. wiLLt: tl 3.8 7.3 2.550 7000 2.}'> .6 ^L-ii rsniCN 63- 93 5.0 6 .5-9 99.999 200 1.50 999.9

AS BA CC CR CR CR CU Pb ••N NI AC l\ HhX T.*l TCIAL

NC LF ANiLYScS <• <; 3 • -« I'.L" VJLL t :^2 .ceo .3t. .06 .06 .02 .03 1 .45 .1 .020 M'. l/LK v'.LLc CCC .C .ceo .on .00 .00 .00 .00 .60 .•) .000 • -i , VALLr :•) .c .ceo .02 .03 .-M 1.' •> .105 .''::iiN V.»lLc ' 1 .0-1 . .01 .03 .00 .01 .98 .1 .TOO ;..(1 it-vir-. cc 5.C .050 I.00 1.05 .02 .10 I.GO 1.0 .-^OS o

/CC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL UORUN FF FE Hv. SF PLNKTN C:LC.< SULFR TCTAL DISS «UG/L K.NC/HL tU'.ITS

\c LF ANALYSIS .» <. 4 <• <> A <• <• HixiFLf VALLc , l.*. 6. 35 .'• 1.8 .1 .'J I • IMt-LK V'.LLc 2SC .3 23 23 .2 .6 .0 .c-i .'.-•i Cti\ VALO; 6?1 .7 '.7 21*^ .2 1.1 .0 '•ECliN VALLF 62C .7 5'. 25 ' .2 1.1 .0 .T 500 50O 1.0 .5 1.01 ^•

PFcNCL CN OIL MHAS CCt ILR8Y RtSIOLE VCL S HRCNS ALK TOTAL c.i^EE fUNITS ON EVAP SI:LIUS ACCY . COY

NC :F ANAL . sis 3

NOTE: ALL MEAN VALUES A,

LOCATION CcSCRIPTIC*;: C? LIN? PO SF NR CRA9 ORC"ARC OAM

WATfB FIELD PM TOTAL Avr coo FEC COLI »MM N-iRAT*- ?R'; TOTAL TSS tTcvD f PO •UNITS OMC*: SOP-* •NO/. I L N NTR I'­ N' N

KG OF ANALYSES 12 13 13 13 13 13 ll MAXIMUM VALUE <2 12.0 7.9 .12 i?e .55 .1 MINinjM VALUE tO 5.0 t.5 .31 IC .'.7 • MEAN i^ALUE 65 5.9 7.5 .C*5 21 ,22 .0 "•E'>IAN VAL'JE 72 8.8 7.4 .040 10 .20 .1 CRITERION 63- « 5.0 6.5-9 99.999 2CC l.5r 990.9

AS 9A CO CP CO CU "B "N NI AG ZM TRI TOTAL HEX NC OF ANALYSES 1 2 3 3 I 4 3 4 1 I R MAKIMOM VALUE .CCC .CJ3 .CC .03 .21 .-^6 .04 ..; .C«-G .c .CO .25 * .C M "INI MUM VALUE .C3f .3 .CJ3 .CC .33 .08 .;'.• .crc ° "EAN VALUE .C"i" • » • C . 0 .00 .30 .13 .03 .48 .0 .PCO .0 MEDIAN VALUE .OOC .3 .CC3 .c? .CC .0} .12 .'/4 .15 « ^ .rro .0 CRITERION 1.3CC 5.0 .C5J .i Z l.CO 1.05 .:2 .K l.CO l.C .Cf •! l.C .CO .C5

TDS/EC FlUOP CHLOR SULFT TOTAL "ilRON FE eC HG SE PLNKTN CC10» SULFR TOTAL DISS • UC/L «NO/rL •LNITS

NC OF ANALYSES 13 4 4 4 1 I 1 MAtlHUN VALUE 23C .3 50 ICC .2 .34 .rc MINIMUM VALUE 17C .1 Is, 62 .2 .04 • cc "EAN VALUE IA2 .2 21 70 .2 .34 .cc PE5/AN VALUE Mf .2 12 7« .2 .0* .cc CRITERION lOOC 1.4 500 5C0 1.0 i.'o 99.00 l.CC

PHENOL CN CU M9AS CCf TUC9Y RESfOUE VCL S HRONS ALtr TOTAL •UNITS ON EVAF SOLIDS ACTY AGO"

NC 0* AMALYSES 13 12 3 ••VIMUN VALUE .OIC .•'>c .50 A5 "iNfMUN VALUE .c.;( .333 .1 ? 13 "EAN VALUE .002 .03C .2« 3* •EOIAS VALUE .OOC- .033 .30 H CRITERION .IC'C .250 099.Q9 Q9900

NOTE: ALL MCAN WVALUF S "RF A«»ITM-cTIC MEAN EXCEPT FCR FFCAL COLI WHICH tS G£P«»ETeiC ME#K. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN "C/L EXCF»T »^ SHOWN F

.-nctTio-ii :£ic

i(i:; % -lELO OA Tiy.L AV, '.a-. F;C '•'^11 a-" NT^ST TOTH TSS « T: T F cr u-ii^s PHtS 3:!i-5 NC/.l L •'1 NTCIT N

NI OF ANALYSES l2 12 12 1: 12 1 ? 12 MiXIMUM VALUb 11 15.1 3.2 6.40^ i5:o 3.3: . 4 MINIMUM ViLUE 32 5.3 7.5 .00. 13 .12 • '- flEiS VALU; 59 0.5 7.5 .60. 24 .<.-> .C MEDIAN VALUE 57 q.^ 7.7 . 07: 10 .iq « \, CRITEHON 63- 93 5.0 6.5-9 qq.qqq 2:0 1.5? qqq.q

on •,s >;.•» CO C? cs c^ CU MN M Al ZN HEX Toi TCTflL

NO OF ANALYSES I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I I MA4IMUM VALUE .C O'O . J .300 .0,. .00 .00 • ^ -J .57 .'• .003 .0 MINIMUM ViLUE * C Js^ . -1 .000 .OL .00 .00 .00 .57 . 0 .CC3 .0 *i MEAN VALUE .c;j . 0 • 003 . '0'. .03 .CO .30 .57 .OCO .3 o MEOIAN VALUE . J .3 00 .00 .00 .3: .57 .OCO .3 00 • coo .u: ^ CRITERION i.«:33 5.J .350 .05 l.OC .C2 .1: l.OC li: .CC5 1.0

TOS/=C f L'JOR CHLOR SULFT TOTiL pnofjN FE F: S r PLNKTN COLOR SULFil TOTAL niss • UG/L N:/«L UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 12 1 1 1 1 ' I 1 MAXIMUM VALUE 350 . 1 27 125 .2 . 0 .cc MINIMUM VALUE 1«- .!> 27 12« .2 .0 .CO A MEAN VALUE 1^7 .0 27 125 .2 .cn MEDIAN VALUE la- .6 27 12» .2 .C .C'l C^ITEHON KOj 1.- 500 50: l.C 1*0 .5 - l.CO

PH=ML CN OIL M?AS CCi TU*!>Y RESIDUE VOL S HRONS tLK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON "-VAP S-iLIOS Acrv ACOY

NO OF ANALYSES 12 i 1 12 MAXIMUM VALUE .015 33., .5: MINIMUM VALU£ • CJ: .;33 .10 MEAN VALUE .1/1 . •- i < .27 MEOIAN ViLUE .C35 .:3j . >r CRITERION .1:,. .25.1 990.90

N3T: ALL MjiN V iLUfS iP- 43ITH«' AS Snr^N FOLLOWING SV'^'L. Table C-14. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-02, 1974.

LOCATIPJ UESC:

WAIEK FILL'- ^H T HAL AVG COU FEC COLI AMM NTRAT-F ORG TOTAL TSS nJf'.Hf f m •UNITS PtMS Rno-5 •NO/.l L N NTRIT N N

NO OF ANALYSES 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 MAXIMUM VALUE 95 14.4 9. I .500 7C .30 .4 U-iIMUM VALUE 30 3.8 7.4 .030 .00 .0 MEAN VALUi" 36 1U.2 7.a .127 9 .12 .1 -MEOIAN VALUF •j') 10.5 T.o .070 1'. .10 .1 ;rtITE.

AS CA CR CR CR CL PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL

NO OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .040 .000 .00 .00 .26 1.08 .80 .0 .000 .0 MniMUK V.LUC .00-0 .000 .00 .00 .OC .00 .02 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VALU.- .OlU .000 .00 .00 .Or, .27 .30 .0 .000 .0 o lE'iIAN VALU>" • OTJ .000 .00 .00 .03 .01 .19 .0 .000 .0 CHI.Tf^in.j 1.00 J .OJ'J .05 1.00 • OJ .10 1.00 1.0 .005 l.C

rus/fcC FLOOR LflLOt LFT TOTAL BORON FC FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL DISS • UG/L •NC/HL •UNITS

iO OF ANALYSES 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE 220 .2 8 75 .1 .4 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 130 .1 6 55 .0 . 1 .0 .00 MEAN VALUt IbU .1 7 69 .0 .4 .1 .00 1EUIAN VALUE 110 .2 7 74 .0 .4 .0 .00 -KlTtRION moo 1.4 500 50U 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

PIICNOL LN OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUt VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS UN EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACDY

^0 OF ANALYSES II 4 11 lAXIMUM VALUE .010 ,000 .20 IINIMUM VALUE .000 .COO .10 1EAN VALUr .00!) .000 .14 IE:I3IAN VALUE .005 .000 .10 :RirERION .100 .2'JO 999.99

NOTC; ALL MEAN VALUES ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL CULI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOIt: ALL U.NITS IN HG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLCWING # SYMBOL. Table C-15. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-02, 1975.

LOCATION DESCPIPTirN: CO LINE KO BR AT CRAR ORCHAPO CAM

WATER FIELC PH TOTAL AVG Cno FFC COLI AMM NTRAT* CRG TOTAL TSS ((TEMP F 00 KUNt TS PHOS BOO-5 • NO/. I L N NTRIT N N

NO OF ANALYSES 12 12 12 12 12 12 U MAXIMUM VALUE 87 15.2 fl.2 .280 40 .30 11.0 MINIMUM VALUF. 36 7.5 5. a .040 0 .00 .0 MEAN VALUE 59 IJ.8 7.2 .089 5 .10 1.7 MEOIAN VALUE 57 10.9 7.3 .060 10 .07 . 1 CRITERION 63- 93 5.0 6.5-9 99.999 203 1.50 999.9

AS RA CD CP CR CP CD P8 MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL

NO OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .01 .25 .0 .000 .0 MINIMUM VALUE .033 .3 .000 .00 .03 .00 .00 .10 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .00 . 16 .0 .000 .0 MEDIAN VALUF .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .30 .15 .0 .000 .0 CRITERION l.JO'3 5.0 .050 .05 1.00 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

TDS/EC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TCTAL RORON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL DISS fUG/L •NO/ML •UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAX IMUM VALUE 243 .2 R 90 ,4 .7 .1 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 150 .1 6 50 .0 .1 .0 .00 MEAN VALUF 177 . 1 7 68 .1 .2 .0 .00 MEOIAN VALUF 167 .1 7 66 . 1 .1 .0 .00 CP ITFRION 1000 1.4 500 500 .0 1.0 .5 1.00

PHENOL CN OIL MBAS CCE TURRY SI DUE VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACDY ACDY

KO CF ANALYSES "t 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .005 .000 .60 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .000 .10 MEAN VALUE .002 .oo-> .37 MEOIAN VALUE .031 .ouo .40 CRITERION .100 .250 999.99

NOTE: ALL MEAN VALUFS ARE ARITHMETIC MFAN EXCEPT FQB FFCAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING « SYMBOL. Table C-16. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data suiranary statistics. Station ND-02, 1976.

LCCATICN CESCRlPI ICr.: CC LINE RC «•< AT CRAB ORCHARC CAf

kiATTR FIELC PH TOTAL AVG COO FEC COLI APC NTRAT* CRG TOTAL TSS • TE^'P F ui: •UNITS PHCS BCU-5 »NC/.l L N NTRIT N N

NL CF ANALYSES 11 11 12 12 11 12 12 ,"i«l>-Uf VJLL5 07 I'l.*. 8.2 .4:- 260 .35 1.4 h INI^'L^' VALLc 32 4.2 7.-^ .C20 0 .CO .0 f--i\ VALUE 5S 9.6 7. 7 .112 8 .15 .3 rriTliN vaiLc 62 S..) 7.7 .095 10 .12 .2 CRI T^^RICN 63- 93 5. • 6.5-9 99.999 200 1.50 9S9.9

BA CD CR CR CR CU Pa NI AG 7N HEX TRI TDTAL

NC uF A'.ALYSES 'i A <, <. <> 't >, 4 <> .0 •• ?1 fixi»ijy ..'LL-; CC3 .CCC .00 .O*. • C .02 02 .10 KINL-LH VlLLd .0:'' .0 ' .IC • "i " r. , .00 .3 r'*o . -•' yi^i\ VALLC CCC •::i .0 .000 .00 .01 .01 .01 00 .20 .3 frCliN ViLoC , T CCD C:J .CCC .00 • cc .00 .Cl 00 .20 C-HTt-lICN --5 c-:c 5.C .05./ .J5 1.30 I..5 . /2 11 1 .'^1 1 .

TCS/tC FLUOR CHLOK SULFT TOTAL BORCN FE FE HG St PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TCTAL CISS «UG/L

NC Cr ANALYSES ,. -.» '.f-t-C: It.-3 .1 9 70 .C • ' , , ^r>••. '-ALi-k 225 .2 9 83 .0 .0 .OC ^-'L 1 - . VALLE 22: .2 10 87 .0 .0 .;o CHIT-.;II.N ICCC !.<> 5C0 5C0 1.0 1.0 .5 1.^1

PHENCL CN OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUE VOL S HRONS ALK TOTAL FREE KUNITS UN EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACOY

NL LF ANALYSES t, 3 2 ^'A^|^'L^• VALLE "10 .010 .10 -INIfUH VALUE GC6 .COI' .10 htAN VALLP 3C9 .005 .10 •tCIAN VALUE ."1 J .:-.5 .10 C'^HtRlCN ICO .250 999.99

NOTE! ALL PEAN VALUES ARE ARIThCETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FFCAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC HEAN. NOTE: ALL UMTS IN t-G/L EXCfcPI AS SHUHN FOLLOWING • SYMBOL.

I / Table C-17. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1972.

LOCATION OESCRIPTICN: TWP RO RR 4 MI NE CF CARBONDALE

WATEF FIELD PH TOTAL AVG COO FEC COLT AMM NTRAT* ORG TOTAL TSS •TEMP F 00 •UNITS PHOS BOO-5 • NO/. 1 L' N NTRIT N N

NC OF ANALYSES 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 MAXIMUM VALUE 41 1 1.2 7.7 2.050 4000 13.60 3.0 MINIMUM VALUE 2C 3.3 6.3 .040 20 .15 .0 MEAN VALUE-. 58 6.5 7.2 .451 2 79 4.18 1.1 MEDIAN VALUE 59 5.9 7.4 .280 265 2.78 1.0 CRITERION 63- 93 5.0 6.5-9 99.999 200 1.50 999.9

AS 9A CO CR CR CR CU PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL

NO OF ANALYSES 2 3 3 3 3 I 3 3 3 3 3 3 MAXIMUM VALUE .OOC .0 .000 .CO .00 .00 .13 .04 4.00 .0 .CCO .0 MINIMUM VALUE .'000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .04 .32 .35 .0 .COO .0 MEAN VALUE .OOC .3 .CCJ .CO .00 .00 ,0? .03 2.61 .0 .OCO .0 MEOIAN VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .04 .03 3.50 .0 .000 .0 CRITERION l.OOC 5.0 .050 .05 1.00 1.05 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

TDS/EC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL BORON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN CCLOR SULFR TOTAL' DISS • UG/L fUOtfl • UMTS

NC OF ANALYSES 12 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 MAXIMUM VALUE 830 .6 43 200 .4 1.9 .3 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 184 .1 11 92 .3 .9 .0 .00 MEAN VALUE 400 .3 25 150 .3 1.4 .1 .00 MEOIAN VALUE 345 .4 23 160 .3 1.9 .1 .00 CRITERION 1000 1.4 500 5Q0 1.0 1.0 .9 1.00

PHENOL CN OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIDUE VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL FREE •UNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACOY

NC OF ANALYSES 12 3 It 3 MAXIMUM VALUE .015 .030 l.CO 29 MINIMUM VALUE .OOC .000 .20 20 MEAN VALUE .035 .000 .60 22 MEOIAN VALUE .009 .000 .60 22 CRITERION .100 .250 999.99 99999

NOTE: ALL MEAN VVALUE S ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL GOLl WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN MG/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING • SYMBOL. Table C-18. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1973.

LOCATION DESCRIPTION Two (jc 3R 4 MI NE OF CA.IBON0ALE

WAT?R FIELO PH TOTAL AVG •,oc -.C TLI 3 M V MTJiT* T^T.,L T$S TEMP F 00 UNITS PHOS ROO-5 NO/.l L N N T .< t T N

NO OF ANALYSES 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 MAXIMUM VALUE 7? 14.2 7.7 1.20C 5200 12 .00 .o MINIMUM VALUE 32 3.5 3.5 .'040 50 .2" .c MEAN VALUE 59 7.3 6.3 .2bC 332 2 .36 .2 MEDIAN VALUE 57 7.3 7. I ~ .14« 345 .50 .1 CRITERION 63- 33 5.J 6.5-9 99.990 200 1 .53 qoo.o

AS 3A CD CR CR CR CU MN -•\ A". 7N HEX TRI TOTAL

HQ OF ANALYSES 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 MAXIMUM VALUE .C30 .0 .000 .OC .OC .00 ,0? .50 .CCO .3 MINIMUM VALUE .030 .0 .000 .OC .00 .00 ,02 .5C .0:0 .0 MEAN VALUE .030 .0 .000 • Ou .00 .CO ,32 .5C .303 .3 MEDIAN VALUE .033 .0 .300 .OC .00 .30 ,3? .5C . 0 .:co .3 CRITERION 1.000 5.3 .350 .05 1.00 .02 ,1C 1.00 .or? 1.0

TDS/EC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL POflON Ff F = HG Sf^ PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TOTAL DISS UG/L f 0/ML UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 12 2 2 1 1 - ^ MAXIMUM VALUE 51C 21 36 j .0 MINIMUM VALUE 15C 7 69 .& . c .Ci MEAN VALUE 296 14 214 .C .0 .CO MEDIAN VALUE 250 14 214 .0 .0 .00 CRITERION 1000 5C0 50'! 1.0 1.0 1.0 3

F3E = PHENOL CN OIL MBAS CCi TU^RY PFSIOUE V?L S HBONS UK TOT.\L UNITS CN ?VA» SOLIOS ^c^Y ACOY

NO OF ANALYSES 12 I 1: I MAXIMUM VALUE .015 .000 3.0: 240 MINIMUM VALUE .0)0 .coo .c: MEAN VALUE .036 .003 .51 ?40 MEDIAN VALUE .CJ5 .000 .3.: 2*3 CRITERION .130 .250 9 99.0". qqcT

NOTE ALL -EAN V ALUfS AC? ACITH-ETir •EAN EXCEPT FCR prriL COLI WHICH :S •:rMz--ci'- -c^s, NOT?: ALL UNITS IN NG/L FYCfPT AS Svr^N' FILLOI^ING iY'"'OL. Table C-19. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-Ol, 1974.

L'ICATION ntSClUPTION: TWP RD BK t MI Nfc OF CARBONDALE

WATER FIFLO PH TOTAL AVG COO FEC COL I AMM NTRAT* ORG TOTAL TSS dU'JI TS PHOS BOD-5 •NO/.l L N NTftlT N N

NO OF ANALYStS 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 MAXIMUM VALUE 80 12.«> 7.6 .920 720C .70 10.0 MraMUM VALUt 37 .9 6.2 .160 2 0 .10 .1 MEAN VALUE 58 7. J 7.0 .372 351 .34 1.8 MEl'IAN VALUE 58 8.2 7.0 .245 230 .32 .5 CRITERION t>3- 93 5.0 6.5-9 99.999 200 1.50 999.9

AS I) A CD CR CR CR CU PB MN NI AG ZN HEX TRI TOTAL

M OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUfc .000 .0 .000 .00 .04 .80 11.60 1.70 .1 .000 .2 MINIMUM VALUE .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .OC .01 .54 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VALUl- .000 .0 .000 .00 .01 .36 2.98 1.10 .0 .ODD .1 MEDIAN VALU.-: .000 .3 .000 .00 .00 .33 .05 1.08 .0 .000 .1 CitlTtRIUN 1.000 5.0 .050 .05 1.00 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

TDS/EC FLUO.^ CHLOU SULFT TOTAL BORON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN COLOR SULFR TUTAL DISS #UG/L •NO/ML •UNITS

NO OF A'JALYSES 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE 500 .4 25 120 .2 22.0 .4 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 130 .2 9 85 .0 l.C .0 .00 MEAN VALUE 246 .2 17 101 .1 6.4 .1 .00 MEOIAN VALUE 220 .2 17 100 .1 1.4 .0 .00 CKITERION 1000 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

PHENOL CN OIL MBAS CCE TURBY RESIOUL VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL FREE lUNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACOY ACDY

NO OF ANALYSES 12 4 12 1 1 MAXIMUM VALUE .020 .000 .70 240 24 MINIMUM VALUC .000 .000 .10 240 24 MtAN VALUt .007 .000 .25 240 24 MEL I AN VALUE .005 .000 .20 240 24 CKlTEi

NOTE; ALL MEAN VVALUE, S ARE ARITHMETIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL CtLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN MC/L EXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING « SYMBOL. Table C-irtO. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics, Station ND-Ol, 1975.

LOCATION DtSCBIPTICN: TW«> RD »R 4 "l NE CF CARBONCAIE

*4Tr« FITLC pn TOTfl AVG COO FEC COL I AMM NTRAT* ORG TOTAL TSS »T EMIi > F n--^ 1UNITS PHOS Hf^O-5 •NO/.l L N NTRIT N N

Ni' nc ANALYS'- S 12 1/: 12 12 12 12 12 MAXIMUM VALUL 83 14.3 3. 3 .850 14000 .50 6.4 MJMMUM VALUE 37 4.3 6.2 . 103 3 .1/7 .1 TAN VALUr 57 8.7 7.1 .372 178 .23 1.6 "miAN VAL')r 55 8.9 7.0 . 300 200 .22 .4 '•PITF.^inN 63- •53 5.) 6 .5-9 99.999 200 1.50 999.9

AS f

NU OF ANALYSCS 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 MAX IMUM VALUE .002 .0 .010 .30 .00 .00 .01 1.80 .0 .040 .1 MINfuM V\LHL .000 .0 .000 .00 .00 .00 .00 .40 .0 .000 .0 MEAN VALUE . 000 .0 .005 .00 .00 .00 .00 .82 .0 .010 .0 •'tOlAN VAL'JE .000 .0 .305 .JO .00 .00 .01 .54 .0 .000 .0 CRT TERION 1 .000 5.0 .050 .05 1.00 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 1.0

COLOR TDS/EC FLU'""" CHLOR SULFT TOTAL BOPON FE FE HG SE PLNKTN SULFP TOTAL DISS • U^./L •NO/ML •UNITS

NO OF ANALYSES 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE 300 .4 IB 120 . 3 2.6 .0 .00 MINIMUM VALUE 170 .2 7 60 .0 1.1 .0 .00 •"CAN VALUt 223 .3 11 87 .1 1.7 .0 .00 MEDIAN VALUE 205 .3 10 85 .2 1.6 .0 .00 CP ITFRION 1000 1.4 500 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.00

FREE PHENOL CN niL M»AS CCE TUPRV RESIDUE VOL S HRDNS ALK TOTAL •UNITS ON EVAP SOLIDS ACDY ACDY

NC OF ANALYSES 4 4 4 MAXIMUM VALUE .005 .010 .50 MINIMUM VALUE .JOO .303 .10 MIAN VALUF .00? .002 .32 MEDIAN VALUE .002 ^ .000 .35 CRITERION .100 .250 999.99

NOTC! ALL MFAN VALUES ARE ARITHMETIC MgAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEAN. NOTE: ALL UNITS IN MC/L FXCEPT AS SHOWN FOLLOWING • SYMBOL. Table C-21. Crab Orchard Creek water quality data summary statistics. Station ND-Ol, 1976.

LlCiSIICN CESC.-

kiAT^rt FICLC PH TOTAL Ave. COO FtC COLI A^^ NTRAT+ URG TOTAL TSS STEM' r rc KUNITS PHOS MOC-5 »NC/.l L N NTRIT N

;>: LF i,':ALYS:S 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 (•iXlvu." ViH-: 77 13.rt 7.") 'i.CCO 1910 7.AJ 1.9 UNl.'-Lf VULc 32 3.9 7.1 .2, r; . J5 • ' Hi-, VALLE 57 8. 1 7.'. .837 121 1.3d .7 CcZUN VALUE tl 7.9 T.'^ .3 50 UO .32 .5 C^ I r=KlCN 93 5.C 6.5-9 99.S99 200 1.50 999.9

AS dA CO- CR CR CR CU Pa MA M AG 2^ HcX TRI TCIAL

NC :F ANALYSES t, /• •< 3 <. 4 <• 4 <. (- j» Ii-Lr/ VALLc .013 .00 .07 .05 .05 .01 1.35 "CO .1 M si-UK ViLLfc • CCC .CO .00 .00 .00 .00 .70 ICO .1 • L - . V ALL : .0:2 .CO .03 .02 .01 .00 1.12 KrClAN VALUE .11.. • '* / .12 .Z2 .0 1 .00 1.23 .000 C^I lERlCN I.CCO 5.0 .350 .05 1.03 1.05 .02 .10 1.00 1.0 .005 v.c

lOS/FC FLUOR CHLOR SULFT TOTAL dOftON FE FE HG St OLNKTN CdLCR SULfft TOTAL 0(SS «UG/L HUUTS

i\C CF ANALYSES 1, <. <. l'\X[f{sl' V«LLc 50 29J ,^ ^ALUE 3U 32 13/ .2 1.2 .6 .no ^^;C:aN VALUE 255 29 100 .3 l.l .3 .01 Cxi I;KICN 1 •» 1 /• 5.0 500 1.0 1.0 .5 1.01

PHENCL CiN UlL MBAS CCfc TURdY HtSIOUE VOL S HRONS ALK TTTAL . REE ULNITS CN EVAP SOLIDS ACOY fCY

N. Cf A'.ALYSES

NOTE: ALL MEAN VVALUE- S AMc ARirH*>fTIC MEAN EXCEPT FOR FECAL COLI WHICH IS GEOMETRIC MEA.'4. NUIE: ALL UNITS IN KC/L EXCtPI AS SHOMN FCLLGKlNC « SYMBOL. APPE.NUIX D

MEMORANDUM 11/9/76

TO: Mr. Jerry Acl.'crman, Chief - Division of Swimming Pools & Recreation

FROM: James M. I^uitL - Region 5

SUlijrCI: WILLIAMSON COUNTY - Carterville Crah Orciiaru Recreation Areas, Inc./l. D. #213 Joint Water Quality Study of Crab Orchard Lake and Bath in:; Beaches

DATE: 11/4/75

BACKr-ROiJ\'D:

On Msrch 20, 1976 a ireeting was held at the Carterville City h'all to discuss pcl''ution ol Crab Orcliard Lake and bathin:;, beaches that might precipitate closing; of the bea'ihet;. The meeting was called by the Mayor of Carterville aftir discussing the inatLer with Wayne Adams, Project Manager of the Refuge. The corcern involved the effect of inadequately treated sevjage being discharged into t-ic- lake from Carteiville. Persons attending the meeting included the Mayor and cit^' officials of Carterville, Congressnan Pauil Simon, Representative Bruce Richncr.c (Murphysboro), Charles Garner representing R. A. Nad;, Engineers, R. L. Schleuger avi John Cordon, I.E.P.A., VJayne Adam.s representing the Refuge and R. E. Favrcau representing I.D.P.li. The meeting seemed to have two pur- pu-es; c.-ne was lo puf additioral pres.sLire on the oily of Carterville to up^^.rade se^ragc trontinent facilities and the other was to strengthen the city's potential for 0 I'ctMge impv'.ivcrnenr grant through E.P.A. The status of Carterville's exist­ ing .^e^ra^.-! treatreriC facility \.'as reviewed and measures were discussed to tr.ini- mi?:r: the bacterial concentrations in the discharge from the system.

;-'r. ':"•••- ^..'i'-.i r' vit'v.ed Ll'C I iccr">".L'.-j ;'i:iiu:- i.' the Cir::li OiLliani .^ecreat ioi' Area, p.ri • .icin^ out th-iL the Department had req'r.;t.ced the prc^'ision of bathhouse facil­ ities due to a past history of high bacterial levels at the beaches.

As c part of this Ti'iecLing,iL \;'as agreed th^t a cooperative "stepped up" sampling pr'.\;r?r of the beaches be carried out during 1976 to monitor water quality and to ciecermlne whether there actually was a degrading influence created by sewage discharge from the Carterville area.

On Ju.-'.e 1, 1976 a rneetin^'^ v/as held in tlie State Regional Office to discuss details ot conHucting n joint water quality study. Those in attendance were Mr. Wayne .A.dar.s, Project Manager and Gerald Updike, Assistant Refuge Manager, both represent­ ing the Refuge, Merl Tcske and Robert Hite representing the Illinois E.P.A., Regional Engineer R. E. Favreau and Jim Buitt representing I.D.P.H.

A plan was worked out that would include the collection of a set of samples each week fr.Tin June throvigh September with Crab Orchard Refuge personnel providing a bo--. ?nd operator and E.P.A. and I.D.P.H. personnel colleeting the samples on an alternuring basis. Samples would be collected at the shallow and deep areas of each of the four beaches and at nine other selected locations in the lake that might reflect influence of any sewage dif^charges, plus a sampling point where

117 \'/T.LI,r/JirS0N COUNTY - carterville Page 2 Crab Orchard Recreation Areas, Inc./I. D. ir2l3 Joint Water Quality Study of Crab Orchard Lake and Bathing Beaches

scwaye effluent from the city of Carterville enters the lake (see accompanying map). All bathing beach water samples would be analyzed at the Carbondale Public Health Laboratory. The E.?.A. Laboratory and the Public Health Laboratory would share in analyzing the lake samples. All samples collected would be divided and analyzed for total coliform and fecal coliform using Standard Methods.

During the first sampling of the joint study representatives uf both I.D.P.H. and E.P.A. would accompany Refuge personnel in Llie boat in order that all persons in­ volved would consistently follow the same procedures and collect samples at the s::in

RESULTS:

A total of 675 samples were collected and analyzed which include samples collected on four occasions at the four beaches during April and May prior to the joint study bf^ing Implemented. The results were tabulated and categori'zcd according to the Guideline for evaluation of bacteriological quality of v;ater at bathing beaches V7hich is part of the Rules and Regulations for Recreational Areas, This guideline states, "A coliform index (most probable number) over 1000 per 100 ml or a fecal coliform count over 100 per 100 ml in any two consecutive samples shall be con­ sidered as a guide requiring additional investigation, survey or special analysis as may bi= necessary. A coliform index over 5000 per 100 ml or a fecal coliform count ovtr 500 per 100 ml in any tv70 consecutive samples shall constitute suffi­ cient ground to require closing of the beach," t.'C t'le '3')/ 'iiihj'''g ^-( ,irh water Lir"'iples ci i L'-'cfi'd and . nal-,•:-• :"1, 19 -jr 5.63, ^. -i :v i:o.;rid to nave total coliform or fecal Lolii'orm levels in thj interr.iediaLe ranp.e. One sample or ,297, was found to exceed the high level. Overall 94.08% of the bath­ ing beach samples were satisfactory.

A total of 338 lake samples were collected and analyzed, 308 of v;hich were from che main body of the lake and 30 were collected trom the location where sewage effluent enters the lake from the Carterville sexjage treatment system. Twenty-six of the 30 samples at this sampling point showed very high total and fecal coliform levels. Of the 3Ct sampler, collected from the main body of the lake, 10 or 3.2% shoTv-ed bacterial levels in the intermediate range, leaving 96.8% satisfactory.

In the map that accompanies this report, the average bacterial level or sampling mean -is shown for each sampling point. A review of the beaches show that the deep area of Carterville beach has the highest average level being 513 total coliform per lOJ ml and the deep area of the campground beach having the lowest average of ?.?l total coliform per 100 nl. Of the lake sam.pJes, sampling point #4 (closest Lo sa.Mpling point ^^10 where sewage effluent enters the lake from the city of Carter- vill'."") has the highest average level of total coliform b-^ing 429 per 100 ml. Sam­ pling point #7 has the lowest average level being 161 total coliform per 100 ml. OviTall, che average bacterial level of the beaches is 342 total coliform and Ij fecal colifonn per 100. The average level of the lake samples (excluding sample station irld) is 278 total coliform and 10 fecal coliform.

118 WILLIAMSON COUls'TY- Carterville Page 3 I . ^ Crab Orchard Recroat:'jn Areas, Inc./l. D. yr213 Joint Water Quality S'.ud> of Crah Orchard Lake I .- and Bathing Beaches

f-- The operation of the four bathing beacli'.-i is under a lease arrangement from the j- Crab Orchard Refuge and is operated by Crab Orch:.'- 1 ''^creation Areas, Inc. This fcicilicy is under the jurisdiction of this Depart; nt and holds a license under the Recreational Area Licensing Act. 'Ilie operato'i also manages the Crab -Orchard Campground and Gateway Marina Comple::. Ihe Department, in licensing the beach 1 operatioTT, has requested that bathhouse facilities be provided at each of the beaches due to a past history of high bacterial levels and periodic heav^' bather lr)ading. The only beach presently havir'-, bathhouse facilities is the Campground i btach. The batlihouse is associated with che Campground. No significant differ­ ences in bacteriological quality was noted at this beach. Of the four beaches, { the Campground beach has the smallestarount of use. The Carterville beach pro- { bably receives the heaviest bather load. This beach had the highest bacterial level, and is probably due to both bather load and proximity to sampling point #10 J where very high bacterial levels are introduced into the lake. I ' The bather load at the Crab Orchard Lake beaches is not known, however, it is estimated that a normal maximum may easily exceed 150 at Carterville beach and I Lookout Point beach. Estimating that 3.5 acre feet of water is available at i. each cf these beaches (150' x 250' x 4'), the bather load could be as much as 42,85 per acre foot. The operator of the beaches is vJilling to assist in col- { lecting bather use data next season, i V/hile the results of this study show tl'at the sewage effluent discharged from the Carterville system, being of undesirable quality, had a localized effect on I a small area ot Crob Orchard Lake, the effect was noted to remain restrleced to '- that small area. Upgrading of the effluent discharge from the Carterville system would minimize the problem. ! j.. The data from this study does not support the "need" for bather preparation facil- iL-ie.'^ at the beaches, hov7ev'^rj the Dt-'part-ent shouVl continue to recommend the in- f' c •_..'•! la c J o^i of •"''^'~=: facil^tLes at eac', ':• L!-'J heaclies ou tlie basis of s-ojne preven- I tive health principles. The study wa.s 'considered very worthwhile, however, further study would n'Dt appear to be justified unless there is a significant adverse change in the watershed. Routine sampling of the beaches should continue on a normal I Schedule next reason consisting of at least one set of f-amples from each beach ' prior to opening and two sets of sample? each month during operation in 1977,

James M. BuitL JMB:m.ni Sanitarian

J\_^.. Both the staff of I.D.P.H. and I.P.P.A. involved in this study are grateful for the cooperation received from Mr. V.'a^ne Adams and his staff at the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Without tlieir boat and operator, the study could not haT^ been m.ade. Also, the cooperation received from the I.D.P.H, and I.E.P.A. labora­ tories who analyzed the samples and made the data available was very much appreciatai Without their capability to handle t'nis extra project, the study could not have been made.

119 • , :l

FIGURE D-V8ACTERI0L0GICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN CRAB ORCHARD LAKE, SUMMER 1976. TABLE D-1 Results of bacteriological analyses of open water samples from Crab Orchard Lake, June - September, 1976. Results expressed as total coli/fecal coli, counts per 100 ml.

DATE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10

June 7 0/2 30/64 64/8 800/10 0/6 0/0 0/0 0/4 460/44 -/lOO June 14 100/0 100/0 200/0 400/0 200/0 300/0 100/0 100/0 1000/0 130,000/300

June 21 700/<2 900/2 300/4 40/<2 <2/<'2 <2/2 2/2 30/8 40/2 5300/500 June 28 300/0 800/0 600/10 900/0 400/0 100/0 600/0 300/20 400/10 20,000/350

July 6 300/30 100/30 200/30 1000/0 0/20 200/0 500/0 400/40 0/30 1,400,000/4001 July 12 10/2 200/<2 200/2 400/C2 10/2 300/^2 <100/< 2 800/<2 900/2 26,000/1701

^ July 19 0/0 0/0 100/0 200/0 0/0 200/0 100/0 200/0 100/10 500/110 July 26 20/4 100/10 0/12 10/2 <10/<2 10/4 <100/6 10/2 V2/<2 1,600/260

Aug, 2 700/4 100/0 0/10 200/0 300/0 0/0 100/10 100/0 0/10 20,000/920 Aug. 9 20/<2 20/<2 10/<2 L,A,/<2 0/<2 20/<2 <10/0 20/14 <2/4

Aug. 16 500/0 100/10 200/10 100/10 100/10 200/0 0/0 1600/380 600/fO 45,000/29,1

Aug. 23 /<2 0/<2 /<2 /20 /<10 10/< 10 50/<10 /lO 60/\ 10 38,000/40 Aug. 30 300/<2 10/4 20/4 20/14 -^10/^2 <10/6 <10/4 20/18 20/10 11.000/530 Sept. 7 400/10 800/40 200/10 200/10 0/0 200/10 100/10 200/10 100/0 7,000/1,11

Sept. 13 60/<10 10/10 10/<10 20/10 10/<10 100/10 30/10 300/20 100/20 30,000/170 Sept. 20 200/0 0/0 100/0 200/0 200/0 400/0 100/10 200/10 400/30 9,000/530

Sept. 30 1100/<10 100/10 2000/<10 2100/<10 2900/10 3300/<10 900/<10 1100/<10 800/10 250,000/110 Oct. 20 20/ 10/ 100/ 10/ 10/ 20/ 100/ 100/ 200/ TABLE D-2 Results of bacteriological analyses of beach water samples from Crab Orchard I^ke, June - September, 1976. Results expressed as total coli/fecal coli; counts per 100 ml.

DATE #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 1 June 7 <100/8 <100/4 90/4 <:ioo/4 <100/18 <100/6 /<2 <. 10/2

June 14 1900/<2 2500/4 <2/<2 <2/<2 <2/<2 <2/2 <:2/2 2000/4 June 21 900/<2 330/< 2 500/4 90/8 ^100/4 200/<2 <100/6 60/-i2 June 28 <10/ 2 <100/2 10/4 <'10/8 <100/<:2 <10/<2 250/d 2 ^10/2 July 6 200/12 20/26 200/28 90/14 20/6 800/10 200/2 70/2

July 12 <:ioo/<2 <10/<2 <100/12 400/10 200/<2 10/<2 ^10/8 20/10 July 19 <100/<2 <10/<2 1300/2 <100/<2 .clOO/< 2 ^100/^2 10/2 50/2 K3 Ul July 26 ^10/6 ^10/^2 10/4 ^10/^2 -ilO/2 -tlO/^ 2 ilO/^2 ^10/.*: 2 Aug. 2 <100/6 <100/6 700/8 ^100/

Aug. 9 ^100/* 2 lOArlO -clO/10 lO/clO -clO/^^lO 10/-S-10 10/^2 10/-£lO Aug. 16 190/2 4.10/2 110/240 70/220 280/22 250/16 22/6 * 10/* 2

Aug, 23 100/2 ^ 10/^2 >2400/10 1420/4^10 >2400/<10 >2400/-il0 100/^10 i^2400/<:10 Aug. 30 40/.^ 2 10/-C2 10/20 10/34 60/4 10/^2 10/6 30/2

Sept. 7 200/4 -tlOO/14 -ilOO/18 -«ilOO/12 130/4 300/4 700/2 100/10 Sept. 13 400/10 ^ 100/-: 10 -«^100/^10 20 A10 100/10 200/^10 500/40 200/70

Sept. 20 100/^2 50/10 700/4 90/10 1000/2 400/8 400/6 300/300 Sept. 30 1900/^10 2500/<10 2800/<10 1400/10 3000/60 3300/40 400/30 700/10

Oct. 20 200/ ^10/ *100/ 100/ 100/ 100/ 100/ APPE^D1X E

TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN FISH

CRAB ORCHARD LAKE SUMMER 19 76

INTRODUCTION

Measurements of toxic contaminants have shown excessive levels of several chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls to exist in fish flesh from Lakes Ontario (Haile et al. 1975) and Michigan (LMIPC 1972;

Reinhart 1970; Schacht 1974). In Illinois waters, elevated dieldrin levels have been found in channel catfish and ec'p from the Illinois River

(Barganz 1976) and in some commercial fish species in Lake Carlyle and other lakes.

Persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons or pesticides are of concern because of their toxicity to man and their tendency to accumulate in the aquatic environment. The low solubility of many pesticides favors sorption on suspended materials ur sediment, thns increasing concentrations in bottom sediments (Yule and Tomlin 1971). Aquatic organisms, however, may accumulate such contaminants directly by adsorption from water and/or through food consumption. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains ultimately results in pesticide residues many thousand times higher than ambient

concentrations found in water (NAC-NAE 1973).

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been used in a variety of products over the last forty years, including paints, inks, paper coatings,

and as an insulating fluid in transformers and capacitors (Bremer 1976).

PCB's are structurally related to some of the chlorinated hydrocarbons and behave similarly in being relatively insoluble in water, but very soluble

in lipids (Nimmo et al, 1971). Because of their persistence and chronic

toxicity in the aquatic ecosystem, PCB's have received considerable attention

125 as an environmental contaminant. The United States Food and Drug

Administration has established an interim guideline lim.c of 5.0 ppm PCB in fish flesh. Polychlorinated biphenyls ranging from 9.1 to 29.2 ppm have been found in lake trout in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan. In some nonsalmonoid game fish in Illinois waters, PCB's have approached or exceeded the FDA level in the Rock and Illinois Rivers (Barganz 1976).

In the aquatic environment, trace elements normally found in very low concentrations may also become concentrated in bottom sediments and in food chains through bioaccumulation. In rish, certain heavy metals may be found in higher concentrations in bottom feeders when contrasted to levels found in predators (Mathis and Cummings 1971; Hesse and Evans 1972). Mercury concentrations in fish, however, have routinely been shown to be concentrated in higher levels in predaceous fish, with older and larger fish generally displaying a positive relationship to total mercury concentration in the white muscle or edible portion (Scott, and Armstrong 1972; Scott 1974).

The hazards of mercury in the environment were brought into world focus when 46 people died in Minamota, Japan, in 1953 from consuming mercury contaminated fish (Takeuchi 1970).

Analyses of sediment samples collected from 15 Crab Orchard Lake locations in summer 1975 revealed elevated PCB concentrations in the east portion of the lake with high dieldrin and total DDT in sediments at one location in Carterville Bay. To document levels of these toxic materials in fish species commonly caught and consumed by recreational anglers, fish were collected from two areas in Crab Orchard Lake in 1976.

METHODS

On August 16-18, 1976, fish were collected from Crab Orchard Lake in the vicinity of Highway 148 (Station IE) and in the vicinity of Carterville

Bay (Station 2M). All fish were collected with electrofishing gear by the

126 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of Princeton, Indiana. Total length

(inches) and weight (lbs) were recorded for all fish retained for con­ taminant analysis.

For analysis of pesticides and I'CB's, one filet from each fish was removed. Filets of seven large channel catfish and ten largemouth bass were prepared as individual samples. Two or more filets of smaller bass and channel catfish were packaged together as composite samples along with all carp, bluegill and bullhead filets. A total of 42 individual and composite samples resulting from this procedure were double wrapped in aluminum foil, frozen and sent to the Illinois Environmental

Protection Agency's Springfield laboratory for analysis. The edible portion of each sample was ground in a high speed blender in a sodium sulfate solution and contaminants extracted with petroleum ether. Following a series of fractional separations, an appropriate volume of sample was analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography.

For total mercury analysis, appioximately 50 grams of flesh was removed from the anterior-dorsal section of each remaining filet. A total of 97 individual samples taken in this fashion were placed in plastic whirl-pac bags, frozen and sent to this Agency's Champaign Laboratory. Total mercury analysis was conducted with a wet digestion process using one gram of flesh in nitric and sulfuric acid solutions. Analysis was performed by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometrlc technique,

RESULTS

A total of 121 fish of six species were collected for contaminant analysis from Stations IE and 2M in Crab Orchard Lake on August 16-18, 1976,

Total mercury concentrations in 9 7 individual samples from Crab Orchard

Lake indicated most fish to be well within the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration's 0.5 ppm tolerance level. 127 Highest mercury levels were generally found in Crab Orchard large­ mouth bass. Total mercury in largemouth bass ranged fror- 0.07 to 0.46 ppm with 25 fish from both collection sites displaying a mean concentration of

0.19 ppm (Table E-1), Mercury in the dorsal muscle tissue of Crab Orchard

Lake bass was correlated strongly (r=0.8) with total weight (Figure E-1).

The regression equation determined by least squares (Weber 1973) for Crab

Orchard largemouth (Y=0.0787x +0-005) indicated that fish over 6.3 pounds would exhibit about 0.5 ppm mercury. Similar strong correlations between mercury concentrations and size of largemouth bass (Mathis and Kevern 1975) and other fish have been observed (Scott and Armstrong 1972; Scott 19 74).

Average mercury concentrations found in other Crab Orchard fish were: Carp,

0,14; Bullhead, 0,11; Channel Catfish 0.10; and Bluegill, 0,09 ppm. With

the exception of carp, fish from the east section of the lake exhibited somewhat higher mercury concentrations than those fish collected from mid-lake (Station 2M). Total mercury concentrations in individual

fish samples are presented in Table E-2.

Considering that the mercury content of wastewater effluent is about

one magnitude higher than that found in surface waters (D'ltri 1971),

elevated mercury concentrations in Crab Orchard Lake fish might well be

expected, considering this highly eutrophic lake receives effluent from

three wastewater treatment plants and numerous smaller facilities. Total

mercury concentrations found in some Crab Orchard Lake bass were in fact

higher than levels found in smaller bass in lakes Sangchris and Decatur

(Anderson and Smith 1977). In other Illinois waters, however, total

mercury concentrations in bass from Lake Shelbyville (Anderson and Smith 1977),

Cedar Lake (Hite 1976) and Rend Lake were much higher than levels found in

Crab Orchard Lake bass, and frequently exceeded the FDA tolerance level of

0.5 ppm.

128 Y = 0.0787X + 0.005

r = 0.8 0.5

° - STATION IE (Route 148)

0.4 o - STATION 2M (Mid-Lake)

O. a. 0.3 >-

0.2 oI-

0.1 LARGEMOUTH BASS

TOTAL WEIGHT (LBS)

Figure E-1. Relationship of total mercury to total body weight of largemouth bass collected from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976. TABLE E-1, Summary of total mercury concentrations in fishes collected from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976. All results expressed in micrograms per gram (ug/g).*

MEAN WEIGHT TOTAL Hg (ug/g) LOCATION SPECIES (lbs) T RANGE

IE Largemouth Bass 12 0,19 0.07 •- 0.46 2M Largemouth Bass 13 0.18 0.11 •- 0.39 All Stations Largemouth Bass 25 0.19 0.07 --0.46

IE Bluegill 10 0,31 0.10 0.05 -- 0.27 2M Bluegill 10 0.25 0.08 0,06 -- 0.15 All Stations Bluegill 20 0,28 0,09 0.05 -- 0.27

IL Carp 10 2,7 0,12 0,05 -- 0.21 2M Carp 10 2,9 0.16 0.07 -- 0.25 All Stations Carp 20 2.i 0.14 0,05 -- 0.25

IE Bullhead 21 0.62 0.11 0.05 -- 0.31 2M Bullhead 2 0.50 0.10 0,".0 - All Stations Bullhead 0.61 0.11 0 05 -- 0.31

IE Channel Catfish 3 0.17 O.t 8 --0.20 2M Channel Catfish 6 0,08 0.0. -- 0.12 All Stations Channel Catfish 9 0,10 0.05 --0.20

* Equivalent to part.*? per million ppra Heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin levels found in Crab Orchard Lake fish were all below the Food and Drug Administration 0.3 '/pm tolerance level (Tables E-3 and E-4). Heptachlor epoxide was not detected in largemouth bass or bluegill taken from Stations IE and 2M. Other species generally displayed very low concentrations of this chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Dieldrin levels were slightly higher in fish from Station IE when contrasted to levels found in mid-lake fish. Highest dieldrin concentrations were found in three channel catfish from Station IE (0.090 - 0.140 ppm).

Total DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were similarly found at somewhat higher concentrations in fish from Station IE when compared to contaminant levels found in toid-lake fish. All fish analyzed from the

August 1976 sampling, however, were below the Food and Drug Administration

4k5 ppm tolerance level for these two contaminants. Total DDT concentrations of 0.44 and 0.59 ppm found in two channel catfish (Station IE) were the highest levels observed in the August 1976 sampling. Total polychlorinated biphenyl found in Station IE carp composite samples ranged from 1.06 to

2.30 ppm. The two channel catfish displaying the highest DDT levels also exhibited PCB concentrations of 3.7 and 4.2 ppm, the highest levels found in the Crab Orchard Lake sampling. The relationship of total PCB concentrations to body weight of eight channel catfish samples is shown in

Figure E-2. While a regression equation was not calculated for these data because of the small sample size, PCB concentrations in channel catfish generally appeared to Increase in larger fish.

. In addition to analyses for the above contaminants, one to three fish samples (or composites) were analyzed for atrazlne, treflan, and organo- phosphate. Tliese fish were generally the largest of each species where possible. The presence of atrazlne, treflan, and organophosphate was not detected in any of the samples analyzed,

132 o - STATION IE (Route 148)

a - STATION 2M (Mid-Lake)

- COMPOSITE SAMPLE (Two Fish)

5.0

1/1 4,0 CO CJ in _>-j z: LU 31 3.0 CL. I—I CO Q oa: 2,0 o o>-

1. o\— 1,0 CHANNEL CATFISH

J L J L 10 n

TOTAL WEIGHT (LBS)

Figure E-2, Relationship of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S) to body weight of channel catfish from two locations In Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18. 1976.

133 DISCUSSION

Overall, all Crab Orchard Lake fish tested for her'^achlor epoxide, dieldrin, total DDT, total polychlorinated biphenyl, and mercury were found to be within current Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels for these toxic contaminants. Largemouth bass was the only species found to approach the 0.5 ppm mercury tolerance level. Based on results from the

August, 1976 sampling, it is expected that bass over 6.3 pound will probably exceed the Food and Drug Administration action level. Most bass caught, however, will be in the one to two pound range, a size where the mercury concentration will be well below the Food and Drug Administration tolerance level, and thus should present no problems related to human consumption.

While most fish were below the Food and Drug Administration PCB limit of 5.0 ppm, the 1976 Crab Orchard Lake sampling did document that elevated concentrations of this contaminant existed in some channel catfish and carp. Highest levels were found in fish from the east portion of the lake, an area where elevated PCB levels were also found in bottom sediments.

The Food and Drug Administration is currently proposing a reduction in the temporary tolerance level established for PCB's in 1973. The proposed tolerance level is 2.0 ppm, a level recently adopted by Canada.

If adopted, the new tolerance level may have a considerable economic impact in the Great Lakes and Mississippi Basin where many species of fish commonly exceed the proposed 2.0 ppm action level. Catfish, drum, and buffalo are among the commercial fish .species frequently exceeding the proposed 2.0 ppm guideline In Mississippi River basin waters. In many states, governmental .agencies have issued warnings to anglers identifying waters

134 { containing fish species with high PCB levels, and have recommended limited

(- consumption of such fish. If the proposed 2.0 ppm PC' tolerance level is

adopted, it is probable that such warnings will have to be issued for

I channel catfish and carp in Crab Orchard Lake.

I i

i,.

135 TABLE E-2. Total mercury concentrations found In flsli collectt-d from two locations In Crab Orchard Lake. August 16-18, 1976. All results expressed In nlcrograms per gram (ppm).

STATION IE- NEAR ROUTE K8 STATION 2.H- MID LAKE

COMMON NAME LENGTH WEIGHT TOTAL COW.JN NAME LENGTH WEIGHT TOTAL (INCHES) (LB<;) MLWCim'l (INCHES) (LBS) MERCURY

Largenouth Bass 19.0 4.3 0 46 Largemouth Bass 19.5 4.7 0.33 Largemouth Bass 17.5 3.7 0.22 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.3 0.39 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.4 0.32 Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.3 0.28 Largeroouth Bass 16.5 2.6 0.17 Largnnouth Bass 15.5 2.5 0.12 Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.7 0.17 Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.3 0.24

Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.0 0.11 Largemouth Bass 14.5 2.9 0.16 r 15.5 1.8 0 20 15.0 2.8 0.13 16.0 2.5 0. lb 13.5 1.4 0.16 13.5 1.4 0.13 13.0 1.3 0.12

Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.1 0.13 Largemouth Bass 12.0 0.9 0.11 13.5 1 5 0.11 13.0 1.3 0.13 12.0 1.0 0.07 12.5 1.2 0.11 14.0 1 6 0.11 Carp 15.5 2.1 0.19 Carp 16.0 2 3 0.20 19.5 3.8 0 Ol 19.0 3.3 0.07

Carp 17.0 2.7 0 06 Carp 16.5 2.2 0.14 17.0 2 5 0.07 23.0 5.8 0.12

Carp 16.5 2.5 0.18 Carp 16.5 2.4 0.21 16.5 2.4 0.13 17.0 2.5 0.17

Carp 17.0 2.6 0.08 Carp 19.0 3.2 0.13 18.5 3.0 0.12 17.5 2.7 0.16

Carp 18.0 2.9 0.21 Carp 17.0 2.2 0.25 17.0 2.5 0.17 15.5 2.0 0.11

Bluegill 7.5 0 4 0.14 Bluegill 6.5 0.3 0.08 6.5 0.2 O.II 6.5 n.2 •1.09 6.5 0.3 0.08 5.5 0.2 0.06 6.5 0.2 0.27 6.0 0.2 0.07 7.0 0.3 0.06 6.5 0.2 0.06

Bluegill 6.5 0.3 0.05 Bluegill 6.5 0.2 0.06 7.0 0.3 0.13 7.0 0.2 0.15 7.5 0.4 0.05 6.5 0.3 0.09 6.5 0.3 0.05 6.5 0.2 0.07 7.5 0.4 0.09 7.0 0.3 0.11

Yellow Bullhead 12.5 1 .1 0.31 Channel Catfish 27.5 10.6 0.12 U.O 1.5 0.27 Channel Catfish 19.5 3.5 0.04 13.5 1.2 0.21 Channel Catfish 20.5 3.5 0.09 Channel Catfish 22.5 5.9 0.10 Yellow Bullhead 10.0 0.5 0.05 10.0 0.5 0.08 Channel Catfish 18.0 2.2 0.05 10.0 0.4 0.07 15.5 1.2 0.05 9.0 0.4 0.16 Bullhead 10.5 0.5 0.10 Black Bullhead 10.5 0.7 0.10 10.5 0.5 0.10 11.5 0.9 0.07 11.0 0.8 0.14 10.0 0 5 0.05

Black Bullhead 9.5 0.3 0.09 10.0 0.6 0.11 10.5 0.6 0.08 9.5 0.5 0.08 9.5 0.4 O.ll 7.5 0.2 0.06

Bullhead 9.5 0.6 0.07 Bullhead 10.5 0.5 0.06 Bullhead 10.0 0.5 0.08 Bullhead 8.5 0.4 0.05

channel Cat 17.0 2.1 0.08 Channel Cat 23.5 6.4 0.19 Channel Cat 25.0 7.8 0.20

137 TABLE E-3. concentrations of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls found In six fish species collected fron Crab Orchard Lake in the vicinity of Route 148 (Station IE), August 16-18, 1976. All results expressed In parts per million (ppm).

COMMON .NAME LENGTH WEIGHT HEPTACHLOR DIELDRIN TOTAL TOTAL (INCHES) (LBS) EPOXIDE DDT PCB

Largemouth Bass 19.0 4.3 < 0.01 0.005 0.037 0.24 Largemouth Bass 17.5 3.7 < 0.01 O.OIO 0.051 0.22 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.4 < O.Ol n.ju5 0.022 0,84 Largemouth Baas 16.5 2.6 < 0.01 0,006 0.018 0.46 Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.7 < 0.01 0.005 0.015 0,65

Largemouth Bass (4)* 15.0 2.0 < 0.01 0.007 0.022 0.50 15.5 1.8 16.0 2.5 13.5 1.4

Largemouth Bass (3) 15.0 2.1 < 0.01 0.007 0.016 0.22 13.5 1.5 12.0 1-0

Carp (2) 15.5 2.1 < 0.01 0.023 0.102 2.30 19.5 3.8

Carp (2) 17.0 0.009 0.019 0.078 2.04 1.7.0

Carp (2) 16.5 0.007 0,025 0.076 2.10 16.5

Carp (2) 17.0 2.6 0.015 0.019 0.074 1.23 18.5 3.0

Carp (2) 18.0 2.9 0.022 0,021 0,123 1,06 17.0 2.5

Bluegill (5) 7.5 0.4 0.01 0.013 0,011 0.22 6.5 0.3 7.0 0.4 7.0 0.3 6.5 0.3

Bluegill (5) 7.5 0.4 < 0.01 < 0.01 «: 0.01 0.10 7.0 0.3 6.0 0.2 6.5 0.3 6.0 0.2

Yellow Bullhead (3) 12.5 1.1 0.005 0.009 0.025 0,32 14.0 1.5 13.5 1.2

Yellow Bullhead (4) 10.0 0.5 <: 0.01 0.006 0,016 0.51 10.0 0.5 10.0 0.4 9.0 0.4

Black Bullhead (4) 10.5 0.7 < 0.01 0.008 0.024 0.39 11.5 0.9 11.0 0.8 10.0 0.5

Black Bullhead (6) 9.5 0.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 O.M 10.0 0.6 10.5 0.6 9.5 0.5 9.5 0.4 7.5 0.2

Channel Cat 17.0 2.1 0.015 0.105 0.165 0.64

Channel Cat 23.5 6.4 0.066 0.140 0.59 4,2

Channel Cat 25.0 7.8 0.050 0.090 0,44 3.7

•Parenthesized figure Indicates no. of fish In composite sample

138 TABLE E-4. Concentrations of pesticides and polychlorln.itec biphenyls found in five fish species collected from Crab'Orchard Lake (Station 2M) , Aunusl 17, 1976. Results expressed in parts per million (ppm),

COMMON NAJE LENGTH WEIGHT HEPTACHLOR ^.ELDRI N TOTAL TOTAL (INCHES) (LBS) EPOVJDE DDT PCB

Bluegill (7)* 6.5 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 6.0 0.3 6.0 0.2 7.5 0.4 6.5 0.2 6.5 0.2 7.0 0.4

Bluegill (7) 6.0 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 7.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.5 0.3 6.5 0.2

Largemouth Bass 19.5 4.7 < 0.01 0.029 0.059 0.57 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.3 <: 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 «: 0.1 Largemouth Bass 15.5 2.5 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.022 < 0.1

Largemouth Bass (4) 14.5 2.9 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 15.0 2.8 13.5 1.4 13.0 1.3

Largemouth Bass (4) 12.0 0.9 < 0.01 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.1 13.0 1.3 12.5 1 .2 14.0 1.6

Carp (2) 16.0 2.3 0.018 0.038 0.152 1.48 19.0 3.3

Carp (2) 16.5 2.2 0.015 0.038 0.102 0.52 23.0 5.8

Carp (2) 16.5 2.4 0.016 0.028 0.200 1.29 17.0 2.5

Carp (2) 19.0 3.2 0.010 0.020 0.096 0.70 17.5 2.7

Carp (2) 17.0 2.2 0.008 0.011 0.057 0.58 15.5 2.0

Channel Catfish 27.5 10.6 • 0.016 0.079 0.174 2.00 Channel Catfish 19.5 3.5 0.018 0.057 0.176 1.54 Channel Catfish 20.5 3.5 0.019 0.090 0.257 2,80 Channel Catfish 22.5 5.9 0.009 0.050 0.162 2.35

Channel Catfish (2) 18.0 2.2 0.004 0.027 0.074 1,33 15.5 1.2

Bullhead (2) 10.5 0.6 < 0.01 0.004 0.012 0.32 11.0 0.7

Bullhead (2) 10.0 0.5 < 0.01 0.009 0.021 0.79 10.0 0.6

•Parenthesized figure Indicates no. of fish in composite sample

139 LITERATURE CITED

Anderson, W.L., and K.E. Smith. 1977. Dynamics ot Mercury at Coal-Fired Power Plant and Adjacent Cooling Lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11:75-80.

Barganz, R.M. 1976. Pesticide and PCB Concentrations in Illinois Fish. Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Rep. (unpublished).

Bremer, C.E. 1975. Statement of Concerns of the Lake Michigan Toxic Substances Committee Related to Polychlorinated Bi-phenyls. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, Staff Report. 25p.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. 1973. Water Quality Criteria 1972. U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series: R3-73-033.

D'ltri, F.M. 1971. Unpublished Data, Michigan State University. IN: National Academy of Sciences - National Academy of Engineering, Water Quality Criteria 1972.

Haile, C.L., CD. Veith, G.F. Lee and W.C. Boyle. 1975. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Lake Ontario Ecosystem (IFYGL). U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series: EPA - 660/3-75-002. 28p.

Hesse, J.L. and E.D. Evans. 1972. Heavy Metals in Surface Waters, Sediments and in Fish in Michigan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Commission Rep. 58p.

Hite, R.L. 1976. Mercury Contamination in Cedar Lake Fishes, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Report (unpublished).

Lake Michigan Interstate Pesticides Committee 1972. An Evaluation of DDT and Dieldrin ih Lake Michigan. U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series: EPA-R3-72-003. 139 p.

Mathis, B.J. and T.F. Cummings. 1971. Distribution of Selected Metals in Bottom Sediments, Water Clams, Tubficid Annelids and Fishes of the Middle Illinois River. University of Illinois Water Resources Research Center, Research Report, 41. 45 p.

Mathis, B.J. and N.R. Kevern. 1975. Distribution of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, and Thallium in A Eutrophic Lake. Hydrobiologia, 16 (2): 207-222.

Nimmo, D.R., P.D. Wilson, R.R. Blackman, and A.J. Wilson. 1971. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Adsorbed from Sediments by Fiddler Crabs and Pink Shrimp. Nature 231: 50-52. IN: Lauer, J. 19 72. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Survey of the Kalamazoo River and Portage Creek in the Vicinity of the City of Kalamazoo. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Commission Staff Report. 14p.

140 j ^ Reinhart, R.D. 1970. Pesticide Concentrations in Great Lakes Fish. Pestlcioe Monitoring. 3(4): 233-240.

Schacht, R.A. 1974, Pesticides in the Illinois Wat':.,s of Lake Michigan. 1- U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series. EPA b60/3-74-002. 55p. j Scott, D.P. 1974. Mercury Concentration of White Muscle in Relation to I Age, Growth, and Condition in Four Species of Fishes from Clay Lake Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 31: 1723-1729 j Scott, D.F., and F.A. J. Armstrong. 1972, Mercury Concentration in Relation to Size in Several Species of Freshwater Fishes from ,. Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd, I Canada 29: 1685 - 1690. I . Takeuchi, T. 1970. Biological Reactions and Pathological Changes of I Human Beings and Animals Under the Condition of Organic Mercury J Contamination. Reprint of a paper presented at the International Conference on Environment Mercury Contamination, Ann Arbor, r Michigan 30p. IN: National Academy of Sciences - National I Academy of Engineering, Water Quality Criteria 1972, Weber, C.I. 1973, Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring i the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. U.S, EPA 5 Environmental Monitoring Series. EPA - 670/4-73-001.

» Yule, W.N. and A. D. Tomlin. 1971. DDT in Forest Streams, Bull. I Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 5(6): 479-488. IN: National Academy of Sciences - National Academy of Engineering, Water Quality , Criteria 1972.

141 tl-77

BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

OF THE

CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN

SUMMER 1975

BY

ROBERT L, HITE AND MARVIN KING

AQUATIC BIOLOGISTS

ILLINOIS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

STATE OF ILLINOIS

APRIL 1977 A

Figure 15 Benthic macromvenebrate sediment sampling locations and zones of pollution mCrab Orchard Lake, July 1975 Pollu tional zones are based upon the number of sludgeworms D ^iHi- y^ per square meter (modified from Wright 1955) r • 25 5

LEGEND

^m\ sample

!;;^;:^^<000 - 10 000'mJ - Modtr»;*i, Po

^J^L^^. Mo'c man 10 000 "i^ " '^''•» '^ P' (as)

<^^ ^ • locations are shown in Figure 15, page 57, The elevated cadmium level in

lake sediments was attributed to a plating company located in the refuge

industrial complex which formerly discharged to the Jske in this area. The

1^^ company now pretreats all effluent which ultimately goes to the Refuge waste­

water treatment facility. Zinc was also found in highest levels in the sec­

tion of Crab Orchard Lake east of Highway 148, with values at three stations

I ranging from 110 to 215 ppm. Zinc concentrations found in this area were

I similar to values found in Crab Orchard Creek downstream from Marion. Iron

^^ and manganese were notably higher in sediments in the deeper section of the

|j~ lake near the dam, where concentrations of 33,000 and 13,200 ppm respectively

were found (Station ND-85). The deposition of iron as ferric hydroxide occurs

I in the hypolimnion of eutrophic lakes with the availability of oxygen during

spring and fall turnover. Appreciable sedimentation and precipitation of

iron occurs during summer stagnation, however, which is attributed to organisms

at the lower oxygen boundaries. The behavior of manganese in lakes is similar

to iron, with a progressive enrichment of these metals resulting with time

in the hypolimnion of eutrophic lakes (Ruttner, 1952).

Concentrations of other metals and constituents analyzed in Crab Orchard

Lake bottom sediments did not appear to exhibit any distinct distribution of

depth or relationship to areas of the lake. Mean levels of most constituents

evaluated in lake sediments, however, generally ranged from a factor of 1.3

to 3.3 times higher than levels found in sediments at background stream

stations.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and PCB's

Concentrations of heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, total DDT and total

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) found in stream sediments at background

type^ stations in the Crab Orchard Creek Basin were generally considered low.

67 Heptachlor epoxide ranged from < 0.1 to 1.2 parts per billion (ppb); dieldrin 0.4 to 1.5 ppb; total DDT < 0.4 to 3.2 and total PCB's from < 2.0 to 4.6 ppb (Table 10). As was found with many of the met.il constituents, the highest chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide values were found in Crab

Orchard Creek sediments downstream from Marion at Station ND-14.

In bottom sediments from 15 locations in Crab Orchard Lake, heptachlor epoxide ranged from 0.2 to 4.1 ppb; dieldrin 0.8 to 34.0 ppb; and total DDT

< 0.4 to 41.0 ppb (Table 11). Highest sediment concentrations for these constituents were found at Station ND-80 in Carterville Bay. The concentra­ tion of these pesticides in bottom sediments from other areas of the lake were generally substantially lower than values found at Station ND-80 in

Carterville Bay but slightly higher than values found in sediments at back­ ground type stream stations. Total PCB's detected in lake sediments ranged from < 2.0 to 27.0 ppb. Sediment from four locations in the east section of

Crab Orchard Lake exhibited the highest concentrations, ranging from 11.0 to

27.0 ppb. Based on PCB levels found in sediments from other Illinois waters

(Table 12), concentrations found in the east section of Crab Orchard Lake were indicative of contamination from an urban area or point source discharge(s)

PCB concentrations found in sediments from other locations in the lake, how­

ever, were generally lower than values found in 73 streams tributary to Lake

Michigan by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (1970) and for sediments

in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan (Schacht, 1974).

68 TABLE 10. Analyses of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom sediments from selected locations in Crab Orchard Creek and tributaries. Summer 1975. All results expressed in parts per billion (ppb).

STATION STATION HEPTACHLOR TOTAL TOTAL TYPE NUMBER TRIBUTARY EPOXIDE DIELDRIN DDT PCB'S

DS-2* ND-14 Crab Orchard Creek 1.5 5.2 4.7 16.0

DS-2 ND-10 Crab Orchard >Cree k < 0.1 2.7 < 0.4 3.2 • BS-2* NDF-26 •' Limb Branch 0.5 0.7 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDJ-32 Wolf Creek 0.2 0.7 < 0.4 < 2.0

^ BS-1 NDJA-33 Sugar Creek 0.4 0.8 < 0.4 4.6

BS-1 NDD-38 Grassy Creek 0.1 0.5 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDB-39 Grassy Creek 0.2 0.5 <: 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDA-41 Little Grassy Creek 0.2 0.5 0.4 < 2.0

BS-1 NDDA-42- Little Grassy Creek 0.2 0.4 <: 0.4 < 2.0

BS-2 NDC-43 Drury Creek 0.3 1.3 3.0 2.0

BS-1 NDCB-49 Indian Creek 0.2 0.8 1.6 < 2.0 •

BS-1 NDB-52 Piles Fork 0.2 1.0 < 0.4 < 2.0

BS-2 NDA-64 Little Crab Orchard Creek 1 1.2 1.5 3.2 3.3

*DS - Downstream Station

**BS - Background Station TABLE 11. Analyses of selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S) in bottom sediments from Crab Orchard Lake, Summer 1975. All results expressed in parts per billion (ppb).

STATION STATION HEPTACHLOR TOTAL TOTAL TYPE NUMBER AREA EPOXIDE DIELDRIN DDT PCB'S

LS-3D* ND-71 E. End CO. Lake 0.4 1.0 0.7 11.0

LS-3D ND-72 E. End CO. Lake 1.0 2.5 1.2 27.0

LS-3D ND-73 E. End CO. Lake 3.7 5.3 4.8 20.^ I LS-3F ND-74 3.0 0.7 14.™ Pigeon Cr. Bay 1.7 LS-3F ND-75 2.8 <0.4 7.5 Chamness Gem. Pt. 1.7 ° LS-3B ND-76 1.0 0.4 < 2.0 SE Water Plant 0.7 •LS-3B ND-77 1.3 2.9 0,5 Mi, W, Wolf Cr. Rd. 0.2 < 2.0 LS-3B ND-78 0.8 0.6 < 2.0 Grassy Bay 0.2 LS-3B ND-79 3.6 Mid-Lake 0.6 1-9 2.4 LS-3D ND-80 34. 41.0 Carterville Bay 4.1 5.8 LS-3D ND-81 1.3 2.0 Carterville Bay 0.9 8.2 LS-3D ND-82 1.8 3.7 Carterville Bay 1.1 8.a LS-3B ND-83 0.7 2.8 Plney Point — LS-3B ND-84 0.9 < 0.4 2;0 0.5 Mi. NE Pine Is. < 0.3 LS-3B ND-85 2.1 7.9 0.5 Mi. E, of Dam 1,1

* LS - Lake Station i

TABLE 12. Range of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) Found in Bottom Sediments of Illinois Waters and Nature of Contamination. (lEPA Unpublished Data)

I Range (ppb) Nature of Contamination I 0-3 Clean background station • 4-7 Background levels 8-12 Definite PCB contamination; probable influence from urban areas

I > 12 PCB contamination from point source influence

I

71 i APPE^DIX E

TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN FISH

CRAB ORCHARD LAKE SUMMER 19 76

INTRODUCTION

Measurements of toxic contaminants have shown excessive levels of

I several chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls to exist in I fish flesh from Lakes Ontario (Haile et al. 1975) and Michigan (LMIPC 1972; Reinhart 1970; Schaclit 1974), In Illinois waters, elevated dieldrin levels

have lieen found in channel catfish and c.-..:p from the Illinois River

(Barganz 19 76) and in some commercial fish species In Lake Carlyle and

' other lakes. I Persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons or pesticides are of concern I because of their toxicity to man and their tendency to accumulate in the * aquatic environment. The low solubility of many pesticides favors sorption

W on suspended material.s or sediment, thus increasing concentrations in

bottom sediments (Yule and Tomlin 1971). Aquatic organisms, however, may

9 accumulate such contaminants directly by adsorption from water and/or I through food consumption. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains ultimately I™ results in pesticide residues many thousand times higher than ambient concentrations found in water (NAC-NAE 1973).

I'olychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) liave been used in a variety of

products over the last forty years, including paints, inks, paper coatings,

and as an Insulating fluid in transformers and capacitors (Bremer 1976).

PCB's are structurally related to some of the chlorinated hydrocarbons and

behave similarly In being relatively Insoluble in water, but very soluble

in lipids (Nimmo et al, 1971). Because of their persistence and chronic

toxicity in the aquatic ecosystem, PCB's have received considerable attention 125 _1 ..

^h" as an environmental contaminant. The United States Food and Drug

Administration has established an interim guideline lim .c of 5.0 ppm PCB in fish flesh, Polychlorinated blplienyLs ranging from 9.1 to 29.2 ppm have been found in lake trout in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan. In some nonsalmonoid game fish In Illinois waters, PCB's have approached or exceeded the FDA level in the Rock and Illinois Rivers (i^arganz 1976).

In the aquatic environment, trace elements normally found in very low concentrations may also become concentrated in bottom sediments and in food chains through bioaccumulation. In ilsh, certain heavy metals may be found in higher concentrations In bottom feeders when contrasted to levels found in predators (Mathis and Cummings 1971; Hesse and Evans 1972). Mercury concentrations in fish, however, have routinely been shown to be concentrated in higher levels in predaceous fish, with older and larger fish generally displaying a positive relationship to total mercury concentration in the wliitc muscle or edible portion (Scott and Armstrong 1972; Scott 1974).

The hazards of mercury in the environment were brought into world focus when 46 people died in Minamota, Japan, in 1953 from consuming mercury contaminated fish (Takeuchi 1970),

Analyses of sediment samples collected from 15 Crab Orchard Lake locations in summer 1975 revealed elevated PCB concentrations in the east portion of the lake with high dieldrin and total DDT in sediments at one location in Carterville Bay, To document levels of these toxic materials in fish species commonly caught and consumed by recreational anglers, fish were collected from two areas in Crab Orchard Lake in 1976.

METHODS

On August 16-18, 19 76, fish were collected from Crab Orchard Lake in the vicinity of Highway 148 (Station IE) and in the vicinity of Carterville

Bay (Station 2M). All fish were collected with electrofishing gear by the

126 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of Princeton, Indiana. Total length

(inches) and weight (lbs) were recorded for all fish retained for con­ taminant analysis.

For analysis of pesticides and PCB's, one filet from each fish was removed. Filets of seven large channel catfish and ten largemouth bass were prepared as Individual samples. IWo or more filets of smaller bass and channel catfish were packaged together as composite samples along with all carp, bluegill and bullhead filets. A total of 42 individual and composite samples resulting from this procedure were double wrapped in aluminum foil, frozen and sent to the Illinois Environmental

Protection Agency's Springfield laboratory for analysis. The edible portion of each sample was ground in a high speed blender in a sodium sulfate solution and contaminants extracted with petroleum ether. Following a series of fractional separations, an appropriate volume of sample was analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography.

For total mercury analysis, approximately 50 grams of flesh was removed from the anterior-dorsal section of each remaining filet. A total of 97 individual samples taken in this fashion were placed in plastic whirl-pac bags, frozen and sent to this Agency's Champaign Laboratory. Total mercury analysis was conducted with a wet digestion process using one gram of flesh in nitric and sulfuric acid solutions. Analysis was performed by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometrlc technique.

RESULTS

A total of 121 fish of six species were collected for contaminant analysis from Stations IE and 2M in Crab Orchard Lake on August 16-18, 1976.

Total mercury concentrations in 9 7 individual samples from Crab Orchard

Lake indicated most fish to be well within the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration's 0,5 ppm tolerance level. 127 Highest mercury levels were generally found in Crab Orchard large­ mouth bass. Total mercury in largemouth bass ranged frc 0,07 to 0,46 ppm with 25 fish from both collection sites displaying a mean concentration of

0.19 ppm (Table E-l), Mercury in the dorsal muscle tissue of Crab Orchard

Lake bass was correlated strongly (r=0.8) with total weight (Figure E-1).

The regression equation determined by least squares (Weber 1973) for Crab

Orchard largemouth (Y=0.0787x +0.005) indicated that fish over 6.3 pounds would exhibit about 0,5 ppm mercury. Similar strong correlations between mercury concentrations and size of largemouth bass (Mathis and Kevern 1975) and other fish have been observed (Scott and Armstrong 1972; Scott 1974),

Average mercury concentrations found in other Crab Orchard fish were: Carp,

0,14; Bullhead, 0,11; Channel Catfish 0.10; and Bluegill, 0,09 ppm. With the exception of carp, fish from the east section of the lake exhibited somewhat higher mercury concentrations than those fish collected from mid-lake (Station 2M). Total mercury concentrations in individual fish samples are presented in Table E-2,

Considering that the mercury content of wastewater effluent is about one magnitude higher than that found in surface waters (D'ltri 1971), elevated mercury concentrations in Crab Orchard Lake fish might well be expected, considering this highly eutrophic lake receives effluent from three wastewater treatment plants and numerous smaller facilities. Total mercury concentrations found in some Crab Orchard Lake bass were in fact higher than levels found in smaller bass in lakes Sangchris and Decatur

(Anderson and Smith 1977). In other Illinois waters, however, total mercury concentrations in bass from Lake Shelbyville (Anderson and Smith 1977),

Cedar Lake (Hite 19 76) and Rend Lake were much higher than levels found in

Crab Orchard Lake bass, and frequently exceeded the FDA tolerance level of

0,5 ppm.

1 9« m^ a^ m m

Y = 0,0787X + 0.005

r = 0.8 0.5

D - STATION IE (Route 148)

0.4 o - STATION 2M (Mi(J-Lake)

•

Q- 0.3 >- a: on

0.2 - o

0.1 - i

3 4 TOTAL WEIGHT (LBS)

Figure E-1. Relationship of total mercury to total body weight of largemouth bass collected from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976. Heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin levels found in Crab Orchard Lake fish were all below the Food and Drug Administration 0.3 ;'pm tolerance level (Tables E-3 and l'>4), Heptachlor epoxide was not detected in largemouth bass or bluegill taken from Stations IE and 2M. Other species generally displayed very low concentrations of this chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Dieldrin levels were slightly higher In fish from Station IE when contrasted to levels found in mid-lake fish. Highest dieldrin concentrations were found in three channel catfish from Station IE (0.090 - 0,140 ppm).

Total DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were similarly found at somewhat higher concentrations in fish from Station IE when compared to contaminant levels found in mid-lake fish. All fish analyzed from the

August 1976 sampling, however, were below the Food and Drug Administration

5 ppm tolerance level for these two contaminants. Total DDT concentrations of 0.44 and 0.59 ppm found in two channel catfish (Station IE) were the highest levels observed in the August 1976 sampling. Total polychlorinated biphenyl found in Station IE carp composite samples ranged from 1.06 to

2,30 ppm. The two channel catfish displaying the highest DDT levels also exhibited PCB concentrations of 3,7 and 4.2 ppm, the highest levels found in the Crab Orchard Lake sampling. The relationship of total PCB concentrations to body weight of eight channel catfish samples is shown in

Figure E-2. While a regression equation was not calculated for these data because of the small sample size, PCB concentrations in channel catfish generally appeared to increase in larger fish. o

In addition to analyses for the above contaminants, one to three fish samples (or composites) were analyzed for atrazlne, treflan, and organo­ phosphate, Tliese fish were generally the largest of each species where possible. The presence of atrazlne, treflan, and organophosphate was not detected in any of the samples analyzed.

132 TABLE £-1, Summary of total mercury concentrations in fishes collected from t^v^o locations in Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 19 76. All results expressed in micrograms per gram (ug/g).*

MEAN WEIGHT TOTAL Hg (ug;/ :g ) LOCATION SPECIES (lbs) X RANGE

IE Largemouth Bass 12 2,. 4 0,19 0,07 _ 0,46 2M Largemouth Bass 13 2, n 0.18 0,11 - 0,39 All Stations Largemouth Bass 25 2,. 3 0.19 0.07 - 0,46

IE Bluegill 10 0,.3 1 0.10 0,05 _ 0,27 2M Bluegill 10 0.,2 5 0,08 0.06 - 0.15 All Stations Bluegill 20 0..2 8 0,09 0.05 - 0,27

IE Carp 10 2,. 7 0,12 0.05 _ 0.21 2M Carp 10 2,. 9 0,16 0.07 - 0.25 All Stations Carp 20 2,• E 0,14 0.05 - 0,25

IE Bullhead 21 0,.6 2 0.11 0.05 _ 0.31 2M Bullhead 2 0..5 0 0,10 0,10 - All Stations Bullhead 23 0..6 1 0.11 0 05 - 0,31

IE Channel Catfish 3 5.. 4 0.17' 0,^8 _ 0.20 2M Channel Catfish 6 4,. 5 0,08 0.0_ - 0.12 All Stations (Channel Catfish 9 4,, 8 0.10 0.05 - 0.20

Equivalent to parts per million - ppm 11 o - STATION IE (Route 148) i a - STATION 2M (Mid-Lake) i a - COMPOSITE SAMPLE (Two Fish) i 5.0 1 4,0 CD t O

CO 1 >_i- 3,0 Q- i CD /—I 1—J UJ 1— o

•—1 f 2.0 o _j >- f —1 o Q- a

_J f 1— 1.0 CHANNEL CATPISH o f 1— 1 1 L 10 11

1 TOTAL WEIGHT (LBS) 1 Figure E-2. Relationship of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S) to body weight of channel catfish from two locations in Crab Orchard Lake, 1 August 16-18, 1976.

!

133 DISCUSSION

Overall, all Crab Orchard Lake fish tested for herlachlor epoxide, dieldrin, total DDT, total polychlorinated biphenyl, and mercury were found to be within current Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels for these toxic contaminants. Largemouth bass was the only species found to approach the 0.5 ppm mercury tolerance level. Based on results from the

August, 1976 sampling. It is expected that bass over 6.3 pound will probably exceed the Food and Drug Administration action level. Most bass caught, however, will be in the one to two pound range, a size where the mercury concentration will he well below the Food and Drug Administration tolerance level, and thus should present no problems related to human consumption.

While most fish were below the Food and Drug Administration PCB limit of 5,0 ppm, the 1976 Crab Orchard Lake sampling did document that elevated concentrations of this contaminant existed in some channel catfish and carp. Highest levels were found in fish from the east portion of the lake, an area where elevated PCB levels were also found in bottom sediments.

The Food and Drug Administration is currently proposing a reduction in the temporary tolerance level established for PCB's In 1973. The proposed tolerance level is 2.0 ppm, a level recently adopted by Canada.

If adopted, the new tolerance level may have a considerable economic impact in the Great Lakes and Mississippi Basin where many species of fish commonly exceed the proposed 2.0 ppm action level. Catfish, drum, and buffalo are among the commercial fish species frequently exceeding the proposed 2.0 ppm guideline in Mississippi River basin waters. In many states, governmental agencies have Issued warnings to anglers identifying waters ' u I containing fish species with high PCB levels, and have recommended limited consumption of such fish. If the proposed 2.0 ppm PC tolerance level is I adopted, it is probable that such warnings will have to be issued for channel catfish find carp in Crab Orchard Lake. I I

I

f

135 --1 >

TABLE E-2, Total mercury concentrations found In fish collected from two locations In Crab Orchard Lake, August 16-18, 1976. All result.i expressed In micrograms per grani (ppm).

STATION IE-- NEAR ROUTE 148 STATION 2M: MID LAKE

'W COMMON NAME LENGTH WEIGHT TOTAL COM! .ON NAME LENGTH UEICHT TOTAL (INCHES) (LBS) MLKCIIKY (INCHES) (LBS) MERCURY

•H| LargemouCh Bas9 19.0 4.3 0.46 Largemouth Bass 19.5 4.7 0.33 -^^H Largemouth Bass 17.5 3.7 0.22 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.3 0.39 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.4 0.32 Largemouth Basa 16.0 2.3 0.28 Largemouth Bass 16.5 2.6 0.17 Largemouth Basa 15.5 2.5 0.12 ^^n Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.7 0.17 Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.3 0.24

jHH Largemouth Bass 15.0 2.0 0.11 Largemouth Bass 14.5 2.9 0.16 ' 15.5 1.8 0.20 15.0 2.8 0.13 16.0 2.5 0.16 13.5 1.4 0.16 13.5 1.4 0.13 13.0 1.3 0.12

^|H9fl| LargeiDouCti Bass 15.0 2.1 0.13 Largemouth Basa 12.0 0.9 0.11 -^^B 13.5 1.5 0.11 13.0 1.3 0.13 12.0 1.0 0.07 12.5 1.2 0.11 .^ 14.0 1.6 0.11 nW Carp 15.5 2.1 0.19 Carp 16.0 2.3 0.20 19.5 3.8 0.05 19.0 3.3 0.07 w Carp 17.0 2 7 0.06 Carp 16.5 2.2 0.14 ^m 17.0 2.5 0.07 23.0 5.8 0.12 HI Carp 16.5 2.5 0.18 Carp 16.5 2.4 0.21 ^ 16.5 2 4 0.13 17.0 2.5 0.17 Carp 17.0 2.6 0.08 Carp 19.0 3.2 0.13 • 18.5 3.0 0.12 17.5 2.7 0.16 4B Carp 18.0 2.9 0.21 Carp 17.0 2.2 0.25 17.0 2.5 0.17 15.5 2.0 0.11

^^ Bluegill 7.5 0.4 0.14 Bluegill 6.5 0.3 0.08 H 6.5 0.2 n.ii 6.5 0.2 0.09 ^ 6.5 0.3 0.08 5.5 0.2 0.06 6 5 0.2 0.27 6.0 0.2 0.07 7.0 0 3 0.06 6.5 0.2 0.06

mi Bluegill 6.5 0 3 0 05 Bluegill 6.5 0.2 0.06 7.0 0 3 0.13 7.0 0.2 0.15 s1^ 7.5 0.4 0 05 6.5 0.3 0.09 6 5 0 3 0.05 6.5 0.2 0.07 0 4 0.09 7.0 0.3 0.11 ^ 7.5 •H^ Yellow Bullhead 12.5 1 . 1 0.31 Channel Catfish 27.5 10.6 0.12 m 14 0 1 5 0.27 Channel Catfish 19.5 3.5 0.04 13 5 1 2 0 21 Channel Catfish 20.5 3.5 0.09 Channel Catfish 22.5 5.9 0.10 •fli Yellou Bullhead 10.0 0.5 0.05 10.0 0.5 • 0.08 Channel Catfish 18.0 2.2 0.05 B 10.0 0.4 0.07 15.5 1.2 0.05 ffi\'" 9.0 0.4 0.16 Bullhead 10.5 0.5 0.10 ^ Black fiullliead 10.5 0.7 0.10 10.5 0.5 0.10 11.5 0.9 0.07 11.0 0.8 0. 14 10.0 0.5 0.05

Black Bull hiea d 9.5 0.3 0.09 10.0 0.5 0.11 10.5 0.6 0.08 1 9.5 0.5 0.08 9.5 0.4 0.11 • 7.5 0.2 0.06

H Bullhead 9.5 0.6 0.07 -W Bullhead 10.5 0.5 0.06 Bullhead 10.0 0.5 0.08 Bullhead 8.5 0.4 0.05

H Channel Cat 17.0 2.1 0.08 9 Channel Cat 23.5 6.4 0.19 Channel Cat 25.0 7.8 0.20

I 137 TABLE E-3 . Concentrations o cides and polychlorinated biphenyls £o six fish species collected fron Crab Orchard LaW e vicinity of Route 148 (Station IE), 16-18. 1976. All results expressed in par millio1 n (ppm). id

COMMON NAME LENGTH WEIGHT HEPTACHLOR DIELDRIN TOTAL TOTAL (INCHES) (LBS) EPOXIDE DDT PCB

Largemouth Bass 19.0 4.3 < 0.01 0.005 0.037 0.24 Largemouth Bass 17.5 3.7 < 0.01 0.010 0.051 0.22 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.4 «: 0.01 0.OIJ5 0.022 0.84 Largemouth Bass 16.5 2.6 < 0.01 0.006 0.018 0.46 Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.7 < 0.01 0.005 0.015 0.65

Largemouth Bass (^)* 15.0 2.0 < 0.01 0.007 0.022 0.50 15.5 1.8 16.0 2.5 13.5 1.4

Largemouth Bass (3) 15.0 2.1 < 0.01 0.007 0.016 0.22 13.5 1.5 12.0 1.0

Carp (2) 15.5 < 0.01 0.023 0.102 2.30 19.5

Carp (2) 17.0 0.009 0.019 0.078 2.04 17.0

Carp (2) 16.5 2.5 0.007 0,025 0,076 2.10 16.5 2.4

Carp (2) 17.0 2.6 0.015 0.019 0.074 1.23 18.5 3.0

Carp (2) 18.0 2.9 0.022 0.021 0.123 1.06 17.0 2.5

Hlueglll (5) 7.5 0.4 < 0.01 0.013 O.OII 0.22 6.5 0.3 7.0 0.4 7.0 0.3 6.5 0.3

Bluegill (5) 7.5 0.4 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.10 7.0 0.3 6.0 0.2 6.5 0.3 6.0 0.2

Yellow Bullhead (3) 12.5 1.1 0.005 0.009 0.025 0.32 14.0 1.5 13.5 1.2

Yellow Bullhead (4) 10.0 0.5 < 0.01 0.006 0,016 0,51 10.0 0.5 10.0 0.4 9.0 0.4

Black Bullhead (4) 10.5 0.7 < 0.01 0.008 0.024 0,39 11.5 0.9 11.0 0.8 10.0 0.5

Black Bullhead (6) 9.5 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0,33 10.0 10.5 9.5 9.5 7.5

Channel Cat 17.0 2.1 0.015 0.105 0.165 0.64

Channel Cat 23.5 6.4 0.066 0.140 0,59 4,2

Channel Cat 25.0 7.8 0.050 0.090 0,44 3.7

•Parenthesized figure indicates no. of fish in composite sample

138 d m

TABLE E-^. Concentrations of pesticides and polyclilorlnatea biphenyls found in five fish species collected from Crab Orchard Lake (Station 2H), August 17, 1976. Results expressed in parts per million (ppn),

COMMON NAIE . - LENGTH WEIGHT lir.rTACllLOR V .ELDRIN TOTAL TOTAL 91 (INCHES) (LBS) K EPOXIDE DDT PCB

Bluegill (7)* 6.5 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 ji 6.0 0.3 6.0 0.2 p 7.5 0.4 6.5 0.2 6.5 0.2 7.0 0.4

Bluegill (7) 6.0 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 7.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.0 0.2 6.5 0.3 6.5 0.2 jj^ Largemouth Bass 19.5 4.7 < 0.01 0.029 0.059 0.57 Largemouth Bass 18.0 3.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 <: 0.1 •*• Largemouth Bass 16.0 2.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 • Largemouth Bass 15.5 2.5 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 ff Largemodth Bass 15.0 2.3 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.022 < 0.1 Largemouth Bass W 14.5 2.9 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 •<: 0.1 15.0 2.8 13.5 1.4 i 13.0 1.3

Largemouth Bass (4) 12.0 0.9 < 0.01 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.1 13.0 1.3 12.5 1 .2 f 14.0 1.6

Carp (2) 16.0 2.3 0.018 0.038 0.152 1.48 i 19.0 3.3 Carp (2) 16.5 2.2 0.015 0.038 0.102 0.52 A 23.0 5.8 Carp (2) • 16.5 2.4 0.016 0.028 0.200 1.29 w 17.0 2.5

Carp (2) 19.0 3.2 0.010 0.020 0.096 0.70 1 17.5 2.7 Carp (2) 17.0 2.2 0.008 0.011 0.057 0.58 15.5 2.0

9 Channel Catfish 27.5 10.6 0.016 0.079 0.174 2.00 Channel Ciitflnh 19.5 3.5 0.018 0.057 0.176 1.54 Channel Catfish 20.5 3.5 0.019 0.090 0.257 2.80 fi Channel Catfish 22.5 5.9 0.009 0.050 0.162 2.35 1 Channel Catfish (2) 18.0 2.2 0.004 0.027 0.074 1.33 15.5 1.2

Bullhead (2) 10.5 0.6 < 0.01 0.004 0.012 0.32 1 11.0 0.7 Bullhead (2) 10.0 0.5 < 0.01 0.009 0.021 0.79 <• 10.0 0.6

•Parenthesized figure Indicates no. of fish in composite sample

139 iW. f;

•^ _'!;''t.f:!^_Jl::li:2:^i^:^:^ .-^Jr^^'^^^'^'^^'

c:^''^^y^.a>^ ..--..^-p^J^j^-r-J^^v-^

BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

OF THE

CRAB ORCHARD CREEK BASIN

SUMMER 1975

BY

ROBERT L, HITE AND MARVIN KING

AQUATIC BIOLOGISTS

ILLINOIS ENVIR0NM1-:NTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

STATE OF ILLINOIS

APRIL 1977