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CRAB ORCHARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carterville, Illinois

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CRAB ORCHARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carterville, Illinois CRAB ORCHARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carterville, Illinois REVIEW AND APPROVALS CRAB ORCHARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carterville, Illinois ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1987 Date Refuge Supervisor Review Date INTRODUCTION Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge has 43,550 acres extending into Jackson, Williamson and Union counties of southern Illinois. The topography varies from gentle rolling slopes through most of the Refuge to slopes ex­ ceeding 24 in the southern portion. Broad habitat types include: water (9300 ac.), hardx^oods (12,200 ac.), brush (8500 ac.), pine plantations (3,000 ac.), grassland (3,000 ac.), and agricultural (5,000 ac.). The Refuge was established in 1947 by an Act of Congress, Public Law 361, which transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service lands administered by the War Department and the Soil Conservation Service. During the 1930Ts these lands, which consisted of small farms, were sold by their private oxtfners to the federal government. During World War II the War Department constructed the Illinois Ordnance Plant on these lands, which after the war became part of the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. The Congressional Act establishing the Refuge mandated that the land would be managed with four broad objectives: wildlife management, agricultural development, recreational use and industrial operation. Twenty-two thousand acres were designated a wildlife sanctuarv and remain closed to general public use. Cooperative farming and permittee grazing are the primary management tools used to provide feeding and loafing areas for migrating and wintering waterfowl, the main wildlife management objective. There is a wide spectrum of recreational opportunities on and around three man-made lakes which exceed 8,700 acres. Boating, skiing, fishing, swim­ ming, hunting and wildlife observation are part of the public use program provided by concession campgrounds and marinas, and Refuge picnic areas, x^alking trails 'hnd observation points. Industrial activities on the Refuge range from manufacturing and storage facilities to administrative offices. In excess of $45 million is generated annually by the industrial tenants. The Refuge is required to provide police, fire, water and sewer service to industrial tenants, and water and sewer service to a maximum security federal prison located adjacent to the Refuge. INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. HIGHLIGHTS 1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 2 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title Nothing to Report 2. Easements Nothing to Report 3. Other 4 D. PLANNING 1. Master Plan Nothing to Report 2. Management Plan . Nothing to Report 3. Public Participation Nothing to Report 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates 5 5. Research and Investigations 8 6. Other Nothing to Report E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 10 2. Youth Programs 16 3. Other Manpower Programs Nothing to Report 4. Volunteer Program 17 5. Funding 18 6. Safety 19 7. Technical Assistance Nothing to Report 8. Other Nothing to Report F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General 21 2. Wetlands 21 3. Forests 23 4. Croplands 23 5. Grasslands Nothing to Report 6. Other Habitats Nothing to Report 7. Grazing 25 8. Haying 25 9. Fire Management ......... 25 10. Pest Control 23 11. Water Rights Nothing to Report 12. Wilderness and Special Areas Nothing to Report 13. WPA Easement Monitoring . Nothing to Report Page G. WILDLIFE 1. Wildlife Diversity Nothing to Report 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 29 3. Waterfowl 30 4. Marsh and Water Birds 36 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 36 6. Raptors 36 7. Other Migratory Birds 36 8. Game Mammals 36 9. Marine Mammals Nothing to Report 10. Other Resident Wildlife 37 11. Fisheries Resources 37 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking . Nothing to Report 13. Surplus Animal Disposal Nothing to Report 14. Scientific Collections Nothing to Report 15. Animal Control 38 16. Marking and Banding 38 17. Disease Prevention and Control 39 H. PUBLIC USE 1. General 40 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students 40 3. Otatdoor Classrooms - Teachers 40 4. Interpretive Foot Trails 40 5. Interpretive Tour Routes 40 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations 41 7. Other Interpretive Programs 41 8. Hunting 42 9. Fishing 43 10. Trapping 43 11. Wildlife Observation 44 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation 44 13. Camping 44 14. Picnicking 45 15. Off-Road Vehicles .45 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation 45 17. Law Enforcement and Fire Protection 46 18. Cooperative'Associations 48 19. Concessions . 48 !. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 1. New Construction 53 2; Rehabilitation 54 3. Major Maintenance 54 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 55 5. Communications Systems 56 6. Computer Systems 56 7. Energy Conservation . 56 8. Other Nothing to Report Page J. OTHER ITEMS 1. Cooperative Programs 57 2. Other Economic Uses Nothing to Report 3. Items of Interest 57 4. Credits 61 K. FEEDBACK 62 Page 1 A- HIGHLIGHTS Bald Eagles Two pairs of bald eagles nested for the second year. The Little Creek pair fledged two young. One young at the Crab Orchard Bay nest was ready to fledge when the nest tree was blown down and the eaglet killed on June 28. Eagle production since 1980 is 12. (Sections B, G.2) Dams Safety/Archeology Work at Devils Kitchen Dam was completed for $60,000. Crab Orchard Lake work details are being finalized, and a con­ tract award is scheduled for Spring 1988; project cost is $7.5 million. Little Grassy Lake work of $4 million is scheduled for FY-90. Five archeo- logical sites, two recommended for the National Historic Sites Register, were found at Crab Orchard Lake representing habitation between 600 B.C. and 400 A.D. (Sections D.4, J.3) Canada Geese - Record Number Canada goose numbers reached a record peak of 165,000 on December 22. The previous high was 130,000, and the 1986 peak was 80,000. Severe weather just north of here pushed the geese south all at one time. (Section G.3) Summer-Fa11 Drought Precipitation from August through December was below average causing Crab Orchard Lake to drop 14" and several small ponds to dry up. The State Fish Hatchery on Little Grassy Lake ceased operations in August, and the City of Marion reservoir dropped over seven feet, resulting in water use restrictions in that city. (Sections 3, J.3) Murder Victim LaDonna Cooper of Marion was abducted, robbed and murdered after closing a restaurant in Marion the night of .March 4. Her body was •discovered 36 hours later adjacent to Observation Tower Pond along State Highway 148. No arrests have been made, (Section E.6) Hazardous Waste Sites Field studies at 34 sites have been completed; eight sites have some level of contamination, three with PCBs. The $1.2 million contract study is behind schedule, but a draft report with cleanup recom­ mendations is expected in Spring 1988. (Section J.3 and past narrative reports of 1984, 1985, and 1986) Page 2 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Average annual precipitation for the 20 years of Refuge records has been 45.28 inches; 33.55 inches were received in 1987. Rainfall did occur at the right times for Refuge crops. A severe hail storm cut a one-half mile wide path from Lookout Point area to the Grassy Road-State Highway 148 intersection on June 28. The Grassy Bay eagle nest blew down at that time killing the eaglet. Refuge crops, 700 acres of corn and milo, were also damaged. Wildlife ponds were the lowest in 20 years during the July to November period. Due to low water levels, Little Grassy Lake State Fish Hatchery stopped drawing lake water and closed down operations in August. Lake levels reached their lowest levels in early November; Crab Orchard Lake was 13 inches below spillway, the lowest in 15 years. 1987 Temperature Summary (F.) Month High Record High Low Record Low J anuary 54 74 19 -17 February 54 78 24 -4 March 68 84 30 -3 April 79 94 39 22 May 87 99 53 32 June 90 106 58 38 July 91 105 63 48 August 96 103 68 46 September 86 100 53 34 October 74 99 33 20 November .. 69 86 27 6 December 54 74 23 -7 Extremes - 96 106 19 -17 Page 3 1987 Precipitation Summary - Inches Month 20-Year Ave. 1987 Monthly Record January 2.93 0.42 12.42 February 2.66 3.09 7.69 March 4.47 2.63 10.37 April 4.66 2.26 12.62 May 4.70 1.51 12.68 June 3.91 4.15 10.34 July 3.58 2.57 8.33 August 3,96 2.77 8.36 September 2.58 1.57 6.19, October 3.43 0.67 7.93 November 4.47 5.08 9.19 December 3.93 6.83 7.43 Total - 45.28 33.55 Lake Elevations were: Crab Orchard Devils Kitchen Little Grassy Spillway Elevation 405.0 510.0 500.0 Maximum Elevation 405.60 510.45 500.30 Date of Maximum'• 4-17-87 3-20-87 4-17-87 Minimum Elevation 403.96 508.90 496.90 Date of Minimum 11-6-87 11-6-87 11-6-87 Page 4 C. LAND ACQUISITION 3. Other Isolated parcels of land totaling 220 acres were identified as being excess to Refuge needs and available for sale or trade through The Nature Conservancy. The Service will trade for wetlands in Minnesota if such an agreement is reached. Lands identified are the 100-acre parcel in Section 31, T.9S., R.1E., two adjacent 40-acre parcels in Sections 7 and 8, T.9S, R.1E., and a 40-acre parcel along Rocky Comfort Road in Section 21, T.10S, R.IE. Page 5 0. PLANNING 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates. Archaeological surveys were conducted on 67.5 acres in areas slated for dam improvement work.
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