98E-B Version

B CCE RR REVISED & UNREVISED

— 560 003

KARNATAKA SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD, MALLESWARAM, BANGALORE – 560 003

2019 S. S. L. C. EXAMINATION, JUNE, 2019

MODEL ANSWERS : 24. 06. 2019 ] : 98-E

Date : 24. 06. 2019 ] CODE NO. : 98-E / — Subject : CARNATIC MUSIC / HINDUSTANI MUSIC — THEORY

/ Regular Repeater / English Version

[ : 40

[ Max. Marks : 40

Qn. Value Points Total Nos. ( CARNATIC MUSIC )

I. Multiple Choice : 8 × 1 = 8

1. Talanga symbol of Rupaka tala is (A) ||00 (B) |00 (C) 0| (D) |0|.

Ans. : (C) 0| 1

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos. 2. One who composed Krithis with pen name 'Guruguha' is (A) Thyagarajar (B) Mutthuswamy Dixitar (C) Muttayya Bhagavathar (D) Mysore Vasudevacharya. Ans. : (B) Mutthuswamy Dixitar 1

3. 'Nagaswara' is a Sushira instrument, because (A) it is an auspicious instrument (B) it is a long instrument (C) it is a Shruti instrument (D) it is played with the help of air. Ans. : (D) it is played with the help of air 1

4. Music is correlated with one of the following elements, that is (A) Economics (B) Cookery (C) Mathematics (D) Chemistry. Ans. : (C) Mathematics 1

5. Shankarabharana raga is different from Mechakalyani in one swara, that is (A) Panchama (B) Madhyama (C) Dhaivata (D) Nishada. Ans. : (B) Madhyama 1

6. A similarity among Carnatic music and Hindustani music systems is (A) Tambura is the Shruti vadya in both the systems (B) the style of singing is same in both the systems (C) Krithis are same in both the systems (D) Accompliments are common in both the systems. Ans. : (A) Tambura is the Shruti vadya in both the systems 1

7. The pen name of Purandaradasa is (A) Vijaya Vittala (B) Gopala Vittala (C) Purandara Vittala (D) Dasa Vittala. Ans. : (C) Purandara Vittala 1

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

8. The Geethas which inform about the characteristics of a raga through their lyrics are

(A) Lakshana geethas (B) Pillari geethas (C) Samanya geethas (D) Swara geethas.

Ans. : (A) Lakshana geethas 1

II. Answer the following questions in a sentence each : 8 × 1 = 8

9. What is 'Arohana' ? Ans. : The ascending order of swaras is called 'arohana'. 1

10. Why is Purandaradasa called the father of Carnatic music ? Ans. : Purandara dasa is considered to be the father of Carnatic music because he codified the teaching of Carnatic music basic lessons, geethas, and Keerthanas, which are easier to be learnt by a common man. 1

11. What is a 'Raga' ? Ans. : A raga is a group of melodious swaras formed by the different types of arrangement. 1

12. How did the teacher appreciate Thyagaraja ? Ans. : The teacher appreciated as "Dorakuna ituvanti Shishyudu" which meant that it was a luck of guru to get such a wonderful student. 1

13. Name the 'Tristhayis'. Ans. : The tristhayis are i) Mandra sthayi (Lower octave) ii) Madhya sthayi ( Middle octave) and

iii) Tara sthayi (Higher octave). 1

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos. 14. In which raga are Pillari geethas composed ? Ans. : Pillari geethas are composed in the raga Malahari. 1 15. Why is Kambhoji raga called a bhashanga raga ? Ans. : Kambhoji is called a bhashanga raga because it has a anya (other) swara that is Kakali nishada in avarohana. 1 16. Mention a difference between Rupaka tala and Ekatala. Ans. : Rupaka tala Ekatala

1. Talanga is 1 drutha and 1. Talanga is 1 laghu ony 1 laghu 2. Symbol is 0| 2. Symbol is | ( Consider any one difference ) 1 III. Answer the following questions in two to three sentences each : 7 × 2 = 14 17. How did Thimmappa become 'Kanaka' ? Ans. : Once while in Kaginele a big treasure of golden coins was available and Thimmappa utilized it for the improvement of the Lord Keshava temple. Thus Thimmappa became Kanaka. (Kanaka means gold). 2 18. Write a similarity and a difference between Krithis and Keerthanas. Ans. : Krithis Keerthanas

Similarity : Both the compositions have Pallavi, Charana parts. Difference :

Krithi is a classical music Keerthana is a lyric based based composition. composition. 2

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos. 19. How is music related with Psychology ? Ans. : Music is one of the fine arts which gives peace of mind. So many experiments done to prove that music keeps away the mental pressure. 2 One's life is happier when his mental development is well.

20. Write a difference between Marga and Desi music. Ans. :

Marga Sangeetha Desi Sangeetha

It is a devagana which is not in It is in practice according to its use now nation. 2

21. How do you justify that Jalatharang is a water instrument (Jalavadya) ? Ans. : Jalatharang produces sound with the help of cups and different levels of water in them. It is played by hitting the cups of water. Different levels of water give the different swaras. Thus Jalatharang is a water instrument. 2

22. Classify the following as Prakruthi and Vikruthi swaras : Rishabha, Panchama, Madhyama, Nishada, Shadja and Dhaivata. Ans. :

Prakruthi swaras Vikruthi swaras

Panchama, Shadja Rishabha, Madhyama, Nishada, Dhaivata 2

23. Classify the following Janaka-Janya ragas : Harikambhoji, Kambhoji, Kamavardhini, Hamsadhwani. Ans. :

Janaka ragas Janya ragas

Hari Kambhoji Kambhoji Kamavardhini Hamsadhwani 2

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

IV. Answer the following questions in brief :

24. Design and write the Swaralankara of Triputatala with swaralipi

(notation).

Ans. :

Tishrajathi Triputatala

Talanga : 1 Laghu, 2 Druta

Symbol : |00

Aksharas : 3 + 2 + 2 = 7

25. Music is the supreme art form among fine arts. Justify.

Ans. :

A fine art is a media through which a human being expresses his

emotions. There are 64 art forms in ancient granthas. They are classified

into commerce, science, fine arts etc.

Music takes the supreme place among fine arts. Many experiments

proved that it has a power of solving mental pressures and creating

peacefulness. Music has a good relationship with the other zones like

science, mathematics, medical science, sociology, psychology etc. With

all these reasons it is said that music is supreme of the fine arts. 6

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

( HINDUSTANI MUSIC )

I. Multiple Choice : 8 × 1 = 8

1. The ascending order of swaras is

(A) Aroha (B) Avaroha

Ans. : (A) Aroha 1

2. The adhara Shadja which is selected by vocalists and players is

(A) Nada (B) Anahata nada

Ans. : (D) Shruti 1

3. The group of swaras which reflects the traces of the raga immediately is

(A) Raga (B) Mukhyanga

Ans. : (B) Mukhyanga 1

4. The nada produced by musical instruments is Ahata nada, because

(A) it consists of a particular number of vibrations

(B) it consists of a unlimited number of vibrations

(D) it is a harsh sound.

Ans. : (A) it consists of a particular number of vibrations 1

5. The singing time of the raga Desh is

(A) Night, third prahara (B) Night, first prahara

Ans. : (C) Night, second prahara 1

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

6. Durga is a Oudava-Oudava raga because

(A) this raga has 6-6 swaras (B) this raga has 7-7 swaras

Ans. : (C) this raga has 5-5 swaras 1

7. A famous vocalist of Hindustani music is

(A) M.S. Subbulakshmi (B) Balamuralikrishna

Ans. : (C) Pandit Bhimsen Joshi 1

8. The symbol used to recognise Husi in tala is (A) × (B) O (C) – (D) S.

Ans. : (B) O 1

II. Answer the following questions in a sentence each : 8 × 1 = 8

9. Name the vadi swara of the raga Bibhas.

Ans. :

Vadi swara of Bibhas raga is Komal dhavata (Da). 1

10. When was Pandit Mallikarjun Mansoor born ?

Ans. :

Mallikarjun Mansoor was born on 31st December, 1911. 1

11. Mention a difference found in aroha and avaroha of Jeevanpuri raga.

Ans. :

In the aroha of the raga Jeevanpuri 'Re' is Varjya.

In avaroha there is Sampurna swara Sanchara. 1

12. The tambura called a Shruti vadya. Why ?

Ans. : This instrument produces 'Sa' and 'Pa' swaras. 1

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

13. Long lines are drawn on the swaras in the notation system of Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar. Why ?

Ans. : A long line is drawn on the top of the swara to recognise Teevra swara. 1

14. What is Theka ? Ans. : The Aksharas, played on the tabla, are called theka. 1

15. The Omkar of sages is anahata nada. Give reason. Ans. : The naada is produced on its own. Thus it is anahata naada. 1

16. Bhairavi raga is called a thaat raga. Why ? Ans. : Bhairavi raga is a Sampoorna raga and it is helpul in the classification of ragas. 1

III. Answer the following questions in two to three sentences each : 7 × 2 = 14

17. Write a similarity and a difference between Khamach and Tilang. Ans. :

Similarity

Khamach Tilang

Vadi of the raga is Gandhara Vadi is Gandhara and Samvadi and Samvadi Nishada swara is Nishada

Difference

Khamach is Shadava- Tilang is Oudava-Oudava Sampurna raga raga

The pakad of Khamach is The Pakad of Tilang is

Ni Da Ma Pa Da Ma Ga Ga Ma Pa Ni, Pa 2

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos. 18. Explain Gayana Samaya with an example. Ans. : A particular time is fixed for singing ragas in Hindustani music. This time is called 'Gayan Samaya'. (Singing time). Ex. : Bhairav is to be sung early in the morning and Tilang at second prahar of night. 2

19. Write the information of Keharva tala with theka. Ans. : Tala : Keharva Matra : 8 Part – 02 ( 4 and 4 ) Pettu – 01 (on 1st matra ) Husi – 01 (on 5th matra ) Theka × O

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Dha Ge Na Thi Na Ka Dhi Na 2

20. Bhimpalas raga is different from Kapi. How ? Ans. : Bhimpalas raga is of Kapi thaat. This raga is Oudava-Sampura. There are no 're' and 'dha' swaras in aroha. This is a shanta, Bhakti and Shrungara Pradhana raga. 2

21. How did Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande develop music ? Ans. : Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande travelled across India to bring up Hindustani music. He contacted many music experts. He composed thaat ragas based on 72 mela kartha ragas of Pandit Venkatmakhi. He found out swaralipi and talalipi for this system. He wrote the books 'Mallaksha Sangeetham' and 'Kramika Malika' and worked hard for the development of the music. 2

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

22. The knowledge of aural is very important to the musicians. How ?

Ans. :

Music is audio based branch of education. This art cannot be seen or touched physically. Through only ears we grasp swaras. Thus it is said that musicians need aural. 2

23. Some groups of swaras are given below. Classify them to their kinds : . . . . N. i D. ha P. a M. a, Sa Re Ga Ma, Pa Ma Ga Re, Re Ga Dha Ni .

Ans. :

N. i D. a P. a M. a – Swaras of Mandra saptaka (Low pitch notes). . . . . Sa Re Ga Ma – Tara Saptaka swaras (High pitch notes)

Pa Ma Ga Re – Madhya and Shuddha swaras (Middle pitch note)

Re Ga Dha Ni – Komal swaras. 2

IV. Answer the following questions in brief :

24. Write the notation of swarageeth of the raga Bhairav in teentala.

Ans. :

Swara Geetha – Of the Raga Bhairav :

Sthayi

0 3  2

Ga Ma Dha – Pa Ma Ga Ma Dha Pa Ma Pa Re – Sa – 1

. Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa – 1

Antara

0 3  2

...... Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa Ni Sa Ni Sa – Sa Re Re Sa – 1

...... Re Sa Ni Sa – 1 Sa Re Ga Ma Ga Re Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga . 4

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Qn. Value Points Total Nos.

25. Describe how Khyal singing is different from Dhrupad singing.

Ans. :

Drupad signing begins with 'Nom thom' alapas. There are no alaps and taans. Instead it is sung with double, triple and four times calculation. This geethe is sung in choutal most of the time. In the modern era the

singers of this style are very rare. But khayal singing is a successful attempt of having a command and grip of the limits of geetha prakara. Bada khayal is sung with expansion of raga including alround classical

characteristics of the raga. It is a geyaprakar of consistency with which artist sings expanding in slow tempo through bandish and hence will have a command on swaras. After expansion of raga, brisk singing with

a speed tempo (druta laya) is chhota khayal..

Usually this geetha is sung in teentala, druta tala, ektala and Jhaptala. There are two parts in this geetha like 'Sthayi' and 'Antara'. This is a better style than Dhrupad singing taans, sargam, gamak etc. 6

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