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Religious Symbolism and Floral Motifs During the Time of the Knights of Malta: the Vestments of the Cotoner Grand Masters
Religious Symbolism and Floral Motifs during the time of the Knights of Malta: The Vestments of the Cotoner Grand Masters Cynthia de Giorgio uring their 268-year sojourn in Malta, the various Grand Masters of the Order of St John donated a wealth of sacred vestments to St John’s, their Conventual DChurch. Two of the more spectacular sets of vestments are those donated by the Cotoner Grand Masters in the 1660s. They are particularly striking due to their extensive use of symbolism, an important artistic tool used during the Baroque period to educate, elevate and enthral. During the reign of Grand Master La Cassiere (1572-1582) the General Chapter of the Order established that each Grand Master had to donate from his personal wealth a gioia to the newly consecrated church of St John within five years of his election.1 As a result, the church of St John holds a precious and unique collection of works of art including sacred vestments most of which were gifts from the various Grand Masters. The inventories of the Order record thirteen gifts of sacred vestments to the Conventual Church, twelve by the various Grand Masters and one by Pope Alexander VII, Fabio Chigi, who was formerly Inquisitor of Malta between 1634 and 1639. Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner, who reigned from 1663 to 1680, donated two Fig. 1 Chasuble and tunicle, from the collection of vestments, a gift of Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner. 255 sets of liturgical vestments.2 One set was in memory of his brother Rafael, who had preceded him as Grand Master, and who had reigned for only three years, dying before he had the chance to donate his gift, and another set which was his personal gift to the church. -
Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
A Christian Approach to Literary Criticism: a Non- Moralistic View
A CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO LITERARY CRITICISM: A NON- MORALISTIC VIEW W. G .J. PretorÍUS M. A.-student, Department o f English. PU for CHE The common question: “Is a Christian approach to literary criticism feasible?” may be more profitably reformulated as: “How should a Christian approach to literary criticism be?”. It is clearly not a matter of the possibility of such an approach, but a challenge of formulating a new critical theory. “What could be simpler and easier than to say what a work of art is, whether it is good or bad, and why it is so?” (Olson, 1976, p. 307). The problem of value judgments in literary criticism, contrary to Olson’s view, has proved to be the most complex of all literary problems throughout the history of criticism. It is also thi central issue underlying the distinction between different approaches to literatur The formalist critic is traditionally reticent about value judgments and con centrates upon close reading of texts and implicit evaluation. Contemporary formalists, however, tend to move away from the ideal of critical objectivity On the other hand, the moralist critic is primarily concerned with the purpose of the literary work. In Naaldekoker, D. J. Opperman seriously doubts the possibility of a Calvinist approach to art, which he regards as a contradictio in terminis (pp. 61-63). I shall attempt in this essay to show that there is a valid literary criticism which is neither exclusively based on aesthetic judgment, nor an attempt to subordinate literature to religion in a moralistic way, and that such criticism originates from a C hristian vision o f life. -
Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University
Boise State University ScholarWorks History Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of History 1-1-2007 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University Publication Information Odahl, Charles Matson. (2007). "Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy". Connections: European Studies Annual Review, 3, 89-113. This document was originally published in Connections: European Studies Annual Review by Rocky Mountain European Scholars Consortium. Copyright restrictions may apply. Coda: Recovering Constantine's European Legacy 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl, Boise State University1 rom his Christian conversion under the influence of cept of imperial theocracy was conveyed in contemporary art Frevelatory experiences outside Rome in A.D. 312 until (Illustration I). his burial as the thirteenth Apostle at Constantinople in Although Constantine had been raised as a tolerant 337, Constantine the Great, pagan polytheist and had the first Christian emperor propagated several Olympian of the Roman world, initiated divinities, particularly Jupiter, the role of and set the model Hercules, Mars, and Sol, as for Christian imperial theoc di vine patrons during the early racy. Through his relationship years of his reign as emperor -
Christian Communication and Its Impact on Korean Society : Past, Present and Future Soon Nim Lee University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year Christian communication and its impact on Korean society : past, present and future Soon Nim Lee University of Wollongong Lee, Soon Nim, Christian communication and its impact on Korean society : past, present and future, Doctor of Philosphy thesis, School of Journalism and Creative Writing - Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3051 This paper is posted at Research Online. Christian Communication and Its Impact on Korean Society: Past, Present and Future Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Wollongong Soon Nim Lee Faculty of Creative Arts School of Journalism & Creative writing October 2009 i CERTIFICATION I, Soon Nim, Lee, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Creative Arts and Writings (School of Journalism), University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Soon Nim, Lee 18 March 2009. i Table of Contents Certification i Table of Contents ii List of Tables vii Abstract viii Acknowledgements x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Christianity awakens the sleeping Hangeul 12 Introduction 12 2.1 What is the Hangeul? 12 2.2 Praise of Hangeul by Christian missionaries -
Show Me, Help Me, Tell Me, Sell Me: Leading Christian Renewalist
Renewalist Ministries’ Use of the Web 1 Show Me, Help Me, Tell Me, Sell Me: Leading Christian Renewalist Ministries’ Use of the World Wide Web for Evangelizing, Fundraising, and Merchandising Douglas J. Swanson, Ed.D APR Associate Professor of Journalism California Polytechnic State University Paper presented to the Western Social Sciences Association National Conference Denver, Colorado Spring, 2008 Renewalist Ministries’ Use of the Web 2 Abstract This research is an analysis of visual, operational, informational, fundraising, and merchandising content of World Wide Web sites of 13 leading renewalist Christian ministries. Renewalist Christians espouse a “Health and Wealth” theology that is embraced by increasing numbers of believers worldwide. A content analysis, coupled with the application of media framing and constant comparative analysis allowed for quantitative and qualitative findings. Visual and operational content was found to be oriented mostly toward communication, while informational content was oriented mostly toward evangelization. Most renewalist sites eschewed traditional Christian symbolism and emphasized positive themes and “can do” encouragement. Fundraising and product sales were key components of online efforts to solidify relationships with followers. It remains to be seen whether the methods used by renewalist ministries will transfer to mainline denominations. Key words: Religion, Christianity, evangelism, ministry, renewalism, megachurch, World Wide Web, Web sites, fundraising, merchandising Renewalist Ministries’ Use of the Web 3 Introduction In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in popularity of Protestant Christian religious organizations that embrace a “Health and Wealth” theology. Known as renewalist ministries (Spirit and power. ., 2006), these groups believe God grants health and prosperity to the faithful in accordance with the promises of Jesus Christ (Olsen, 2006). -
Some of the Most Important Symbols for Orthodox
Walking in Light with Christ - Faith, Computing, Diary Articles & tips and tricks on GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, mobile phone articles, religious related texts http://www.pc-freak.net/blog Some of the most important Symbols for Orthodox Christians in The Eastern Orthodox Church - Symbols in the Eastern Orthodox Christian Faith (Eastern Orthodox Symbolism) and Christian Symbolism in the Roman Catholic Church (Symbolism in Western Catholicism) Author : admin Yesterday, while browsing randomly I came across an interesting Roman Catholic webpage. The website is created by Catholics with the idea to better explain the Catholic religion and Symbolism. Though as an Orthodox Christian, my interest towards Roman Catholicism is only scientific, it's really interesting to see the common symbolism surrounding Roman Catholicism and compare with the Orthodox Christian symbolism. Many of the Roman Catholic Symbols are equal symbol with the one we nowadays used in the orthodox church. I presume this common symbolism between Orthodox and Roman Catholic church,has stayed the same from the time before Roman Catholics split from the Only Holy Apostolic Church to become the Church of the West Roman Empire, that's how the naming Roman Catholic came forward. To find out more about Roman Catholic symbolism please see the following links I've mirrored the information from Fisheater's website which is btw is a great website targeting Roman Catholic layman. Everything on the website is explained in a simple everyday language without too much terminology which makes it a great resource for Roman Catholic Christians and people like me who who like to take a look in Roman Catholicism. -
Samuel Cheon Course Theme: CREATION in the BIBLE
Christianity and History of Science Instructor: Samuel Cheon Course Theme: CREATION IN THE BIBLE, THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE: A HISTORICAL AND INTER- DIALOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Institution: Hannam University,Graduate School of Theological Interdisciplinary Studies, Taejeon, South Korea COURSE DESCRIPTION 1. FORMATION This course is offered in the fall 2002 semester by Dr. Samuel Cheon, Professor of Old Testament at Graduate School of Theological Interdisciplinary Studies, Hannam University, with the assistance of guest lecturers. The course is offered for students in the Th.M. program and entitled as Christianity and History of Science according to the school’s academic plan. The course meets every Thursday in two- hour sessions, for sixteen weeks. Each class consists of presentation, lecture and discussion. Guest lecturers include Dr. Dekryong Kim, Professor of Philosophy; Dr. Jongyong Lee, Professor of Physics, at Hannam University; Dr. Jeongkeun Ahn, Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Chungnam University. Selection of guest lectures is ongoing, and one or two more may be added. 2. GOALS The goals of the course will be for students (1) to articulate definitions for both science and theology, considering their respective tasks and the inherent limits of their methods and objectives; (2) to arrive at a critical historical understanding of the interaction between Christian theology and natural science, especially biblical interpretations and scientific views, minimizing their prejudice of each of the two fields; (3) to develop their historical, hermeneutical and theological horizon of creation, relating to the contemporary natural sciences; (4) to relate their understanding of theology and science to their ministerial context and preaching, especially having a new interpretive perspective of biblical creation stories; (5) to develop some basic skills for interdisciplinary research of science and theology. -
ABSTRACT Reclaiming Peace: Evangelical Scientists And
ABSTRACT Reclaiming Peace: Evangelical Scientists and Evolution After World War II Christopher M. Rios, Ph.D. Advisor: William L. Pitts, Jr., Ph.D. This dissertation argues that during the same period in which antievolutionism became a movement within American evangelicalism, two key groups of evangelical scientists attempted to initiate a countervailing trend. The American Scientific Affiliation was founded in 1941 at the encouragement of William Houghton, president of Moody Bible Institute. The Research Scientists‘ Christian Fellowship was started in London in 1944 as one of the graduate fellowship groups of Inter-Varsity Fellowship. Both organizations were established out of concern for the apparent threat stemming from contemporary science and with a desire to demonstrate the compatibility of Christian faith and science. Yet the assumptions of the respective founders and the context within which the organizations developed were notably different. At the start, the Americans assumed that reconciliation between the Bible and evolution required the latter to be proven untrue. The British never doubted the validity of evolutionary theory and were convinced from the beginning that conflict stemmed not from the teachings of science or the Bible, but from the perspectives and biases with which one approached the issues. Nevertheless, by the mid 1980s these groups became more similar than they were different. As the ASA gradually accepted evolution and developed convictions similar to those of their British counterpart, the RSCF began to experience antievolutionary resistance with greater force. To set the stage for these developments, this study begins with a short introduction to the issues and brief examination of current historiographical trends. -
Rick Warren, the Megachurch Movement, and Early Twenty-First Century American Evangelical Discourse
ABSTRACT A NEW PURPOSE: RICK WARREN, THE MEGACHURCH MOVEMENT, AND EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AMERICAN EVANGELICAL DISCOURSE by Myev Alexandra Rees This thesis is a study of Rick Warren, celebrity pastor and bestselling author of The Purpose Driven Life, and his role in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century American evangelical discourse. This thesis provides a historical, cultural, and theological description of American evangelicalism and of the megachurch movement in order to facilitate an understanding of Warren’s influence on both categories. Finally, this thesis argues that Warren’s influence and leadership are causing a cultural and theological shift within American evangelicalism. A NEW PURPOSE: RICK WARREN, THE MEGACHURCH MOVEMENT, AND EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AMERICAN EVANGELICAL DISCOURSE A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Comparative Religion by Myev Alexandra Rees Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2009 Advisor ___________________________________ (Dr. Peter W. Williams) Reader ____________________________________ (Dr. James Constantine Hanges) Reader ____________________________________ (Dr. Mary Kupiec Cayton) Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: The Early Twenty-First Century American Evangelical Discourse ..............................3 Chapter 2: The Megachurch Movement -
'De Rossi's School' and Early Christian Iconogra- Phy, Ca. 1852
‘De Rossi’s School’ and Early Christian iconogra- phy, ca. 1852–1894 Georgi R. Parpulov ‘Ma è poi vero tutto questo? Non è possibile qui nessuna illusione?’ (Pius IX, Pope of Rome, 11 May 1854)1 De Rossi has ‘the rare merit of stating his facts ex- actly and impartially, precisely as he finds them’ (Wharton Booth Marriott, schoolmaster, 1870)2 ‘Si en contemplant les phénomènes, nous ne les rattachions point immédiatement à quelques principes, non-seulement il nous serait impossible de combiner ces observations isolées, et par conséquent, d'en tirer aucun fruit, mais nous serions même entièrement incapables de les retenir ; et, le plus souvent, les faits resteraient inaperçus sous nos yeux.’ (Auguste Comte, philosopher, 1829)3 The fall of Rome Rome became the capital of reunified Italy on 20 September 1870. Piedmontese troops captured the city soon after Prussia’s victory over France toppled the Pope’s erstwhile protector Napoleon III. Pius IX spent the last eight years of his life in vol- untary captivity at the Vatican − deprived of secular power but proclaimed by con- I was encouraged to write this article by Jaś Elsner. Its topic was suggested to me by Maria Lidova. I thank Jean-Michel Spieser for his helpful comments on the text. 1 Paolo Maria Baumgarten, Giovanni Battista de Rossi, fondatore della scienza di archeologia sacra, Rome: Cuggiani, 1892, 44. ‘But can all this be true? Is no deception possible here?’ The pope spoke these words upon first visiting the Roman Catacomb of Callixtus excavated by de Rossi; cf. Massimilano Ghilardi, ‘Giovanni Battista de Rossi, Pio IX e le catacombe di San Callisto in un gesso dimenticato di Aniceto Marinas’, Studi romani, 40, 2012, 277–291, at 282– 3. -
Leland Ryken's Literary Approach to Biblical Interpretation: an Evangelical Model
JETS 37/1 (March 1994) 115!124 LELAND RYKEN'S LITERARY APPROACH TO BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION: AN EVANGELICAL MODEL ROBERT A. W E A T H E R S * The increasing use of literary approaches in Biblical interpretation has left many evangelicals baffled. They usually take a stand either in opposi- tion to this shift in interpretation, seeing it as another liberal intrusion, or they search for an acceptable way to integrate a literary perspective into a grammatico!historical methodology without surrendering an evan- gelical view of inspiration. Actually no extreme is necessary for an evan- gelical model or acquisition of a literary approach. Literary approaches emphasize literary portions of the Bible and often insist that literary artifice is the Bible's primary characteristic. The popu- larity of literary approaches has arisen in part from the disillusionment that interpreters feel with the historical!critical method. Whereas histori- cal methodology divides and subdivides texts for study, a literary ap- proach seeks the unity of the text, trying to make connections with the literary nature of the canon, the book, and the immediate context. Advocates of a literary approach to Biblical interpretation conceive of the shift away from the historical!critical method as a paradigm shift in herme! neutics. The shift in hermeneutical emphasis accompanies the current shift in western thought from the modern to the postmodern era. Cartesian du- alism characterized the modern age and resulted in the mechanistic para- digms that saturated many disciplines. Literary scholars advance that the historical!critica l method, a product of modernism, has failed to bring unified meaning to the Biblical text for the Christian community.