Montréal, Knowledge City Advisory Committee Montreal’S Strengths and Weaknesses on This Front in Comparison to Other North American Cities

FOREWORD SECTION II: KNOWLEDGE CITIES: AN OVERVIEW During the Montréal Summit held in June 2002, there was strong consensus around the need to position Montréal as a knowledge city This section of the report examines the practices of cities that are on the international scene. recognized as successful knowledge cities, and the strategies they have mapped out in support of their positioning. In the wake of that meeting, the City of Montréal — acting on a suggestion by the rector of Université de Montréal and the head of the SECTION III: SPEEDING MONTRÉAL’S TRANSFORMATION Education, Health and Research delegation to the Summit, Robert Lacroix — set up, in partnership with Montréal International and the In this section, the Committee describes the key priorities that Conseil régional de développement de l’île de Montréal (CRDIM), an Montréal should adopt in order to best exploit its potential as a Advisory Committee responsible for reporting on the situation and knowledge city, and recommends a number of short-term concrete recommending avenues for future action. actions as well as longer-term structure-enhancing initiatives that The Committee has chosen to undertake its work in keeping with the leaders of the Montréal community could develop in pursuit of that introduction of a new administrative structure for the metropolis, the objective. increasingly important role of metropolitan areas as global centres for economic and cultural development, and the intensification of Throughout the duration of their work, the Committee members were competition among cities around the world. struck by the affection and the confidence that Montrealers feel about their city, particularly talented young people living in Montréal and In performing their mission, the members of the Committee paid those living abroad, in places like Paris, Silicon Valley, London and particular attention to: Singapore. These are people who are ready to take concrete action in favour of Montréal so that it may fully realize its potential as a - Documenting the conditions for success of knowledge cities and knowledge city. knowledge-based economies; - Identifying Montréal’s biggest challenges in positioning itself as a The Committee was also able to see that Montréal’s unique identity knowledge city; is an invaluable asset that must be fully leveraged when the time - Surveying 100 Montrealers of the emerging generation working comes to implement projects of a mobilizing nature. in knowledge-intensive industries to find out their expectations toward a city; Lastly, the Committee firmly hopes that everyone involved in - Analyzing, on a worldwide scale, the practices of metropolitan Montréal‘s development will find this document helpful and a source areas recognized as successful knowledge cities. of concrete guidelines for the establishment of a true knowledge Based on the results of these analyses and the Committee’s own culture in which all Montrealers can share. thinking, this report is organized into three major sections: SECTION I: ESTABLISHING MONTRÉAL AS A KNOWLEDGE CITY Pierre Laferrière, Chair Pascale Michaud, Vice-Chair and Research Director This section provides a definition of a knowledge city and describes Montréal, Knowledge City Advisory Committee Montreal’s strengths and weaknesses on this front in comparison to other North American cities. 3 MONTRÉAL, KNOWLEDGE CITY Report of the Montréal, Knowledge City Advisory Committee Document prepared by Pascale Michaud, Ph.D. with the participation of Alexandra Tcheremenska, M.D. November 2003 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 9 INTRODUCTION 13 I. ESTABLISHING MONTRÉAL AS A KNOWLEDGE CITY 1.1 UNDERSTANDING WHAT A KNOWLEDGE CITY IS 17 1.2 POSITIONING MONTRÉAL IN THE KNOWLEDGE ERA 23 1.3 HARNESSING MONTRÉAL’S VITAL FORCES 37 II. KNOWLEDGE CITIES: AN OVERVIEW 2.1 IDENTIFYING SUCCESS FACTORS FOR CITIES 45 2.2 A FOCUS ON STRUCTURE-ENHANCING IDEAS IN VARIOUS FIELDS 57 2.3 “FAILURE FACTORS” MUST NOT BE IGNORED 65 III. SPEEDING MONTRÉAL’S TRANSFORMATION 3.1 ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES 69 3.2 ENSURING THAT CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS ARE IN PLACE 79 APPENDIX 85 7 OVERVIEW Although Montréal can be justifiably proud of its rich industrial It is also distinguished by the pace of assimilation and use of new history, like other major cities in developed countries it has types of knowledge, and by their dissemination and sharing, the experienced profound changes in recent decades. As many promotion of which in turn ensures that these new knowledge types manufacturing and industrial operations have gradually been shifted rapidly acquire economic and social value. to countries that offer cheap labour, the major urban centres in developed countries have invested increasingly in leading-edge The intensity of knowledge in a city is measured not only by the number and quality of the organizations and institutions that take root sectors that are driven by innovative, knowledge-based activities. there, but also by the competence of the knowledge workers and the dynamics of their inter-relationships. It therefore becomes essential The development of new areas of expertise — in the field of for the skilled people any city needs to make an impact in the new biomedicine, for example — is paving the way for a unique dynamics economy to feel at home: to inhabit close-knit networks in which of innovation, the establishment of novel research and development people and organizations share common problem-solving concerns infrastructures, and the formation of multidisciplinary communities of and similar goals, and thus engender new types of knowledge. specialists around the world working together intensely on developing high-value-added fields of knowledge. A true knowledge-based city also abounds with different types of networking and innovation models based on a physical concentration This knowledge explosion is encouraging a strong culture of of R&D activity, on access to venture capital, and on communities of creativity. For a city to be capable of attracting, keeping and expertise capable of driving the innovation process, from the idea- integrating talented people working in the new knowledge economy, generation stage through to the commercialization of new products it needs to offer more than a high concentration of scientific and and services. technological activity; it requires a climate conducive to the production and dissemination of new ideas. If it is to maintain a high intensity of knowledge, such a city must be able to provide an appealing urban environment that will attract and For a knowledge city to succeed in the 21st century, it must also build keep knowledge workers, a culture that encourages the creativity on its uniqueness, its openness to diversity, and on the easy access needed to promote innovation, high-quality institutions to train it offers to the artistic and cultural activities highly appreciated by knowledge workers, and adequate funding sources to develop major those working in knowledge-intensive fields. ground-breaking projects. ESTABLISHING MONTRÉAL AS A KNOWLEDGE CITY Positioning Montréal in the knowledge era Understanding what a knowledge city is A knowledge-based city is therefore characterized by sound economic performance in knowledge-intensive sectors, the quality of A knowledge city is notable primarily for the wealth of its acquired its innovation process, the availability and the skill level of its human knowledge, which essentially revolves around its learning institutions, capital, and the richness of its cultural and social assets. research centres, businesses and creators. From these standpoints, Montréal clearly enjoys solid foundations to support its positioning as a knowledge city. But it also has major challenges to overcome if it is to protect and strengthen that positioning. 9 Montréal does possess the requisite concentration of high-knowledge KNOWLEDGE CITIES: AN OVERVIEW industry segments and professions, a reasonably strong number of high-technology fields (including aeronautics and Identifying success factors for cities biopharmaceuticals), and a significant core of creators in the cutting- edge arts and culture fields. It also offers the kind of pleasant, In recent years, many cities around the world have embarked on motivating lifestyle environment valued by workers in the knowledge initiatives that involve discussions, collaborative efforts and economy. Its overall employment pool, however, remains too limited establishment of strategies aimed at honing their competitive edge because of a deficiency in the growth, both in number and in size, of on the national, continental and international scales. In some cases high-knowledge firms. And it still does not do enough to promote the these initiatives have led to remarkable successes — witness the quality of its assets and to leverage its networks. experience of cities like Dublin, Barcelona, Lyon, Singapore, and Austin, Texas. To position itself more clearly in the knowledge era, our metropolis must move quickly on a number of critical fronts: the innovation These urban centres have been able to position themselves as poles process, the development of human capital, the retention of qualified of knowledge by combining traditional (i.e., infrastructure-based) immigrants, and the promotion of its many knowledge institutions and investment with new modes of capitalization (a compelling mix of networks. arts-, science- and technology-based projects), in varying proportions depending on the city. Harnessing Montréal’s vital forces The Committee

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