Volume XXX! No. 4 April, 1976 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE

ASSOaAimi OF MMSH RBVOES HI aEAT BRITAHI

Robert Weltsch the course of centuries. That is also true of the other events which followed, and also of the basic ideas developed in this context. It is hardly possible to overestimate the influ­ SOME PASSOVER MEDITATIONS ence of these images and ideas. We know Eschatological Pitfalls that some Westem peoples at one time or another described themselves as "the new The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt and of the central role of the Jewish people Israel"; it is also no wonder that in this about 3000 years ago, tantamount to the birth in all that pertains to the events in the Land process many distortions occurred. On the of Israel as a nation for whose sake we are of Israel is today often forgotten or even other hand, the fundamental concepts connec­ celebrating the festival of Pesach (Passover), debased. ted with the religious evolution of Israel, is a fascinating story which—apart from its It is impossible, of course, to discuss here such as creation, revelation, redemption, have rendering in the second book of the Hebrew the many versions and hypotheses of inter­ also become common to the religious thinking Pentateuch and the ensuing theological inter­ pretations concerning the man Moses and his of western nations. And—perhaps because of pretations—brought on an abundance of com­ mission. The most famous and the most the close connection of the story with the ment, meditation, historical speculation, widespread among the literate Jewish modern national history of the people of the Bible— legends and philosophical analysis. That it is public today is that of Sigmund Freud (1939) such religious concepts have also been inter­ pf supreme importance for the Jewish people who—like many precusors—regards Moses as woven with political aspects or have appeared, is obvious; but it also determined the destiny an Egyptian and draws far-reaching conclu­ in the course of centuries, in a politicised of the whole of the occidental world (Abend- sions about the origin of monotheistic religion. and secularised make-up. This often became land). Without the Exodus—and also some At the beginning of this century, when ques­ the source of critical situations, since nothing other spectacular events of Jewish history tioning the historicity of religious figures like is so dangerous as the mix-up of wordly like e.g, the resistance of the Maccabees Moses and Jesus was in vogue, Ahad Ha'am temporal affairs with images which are not against Syrian domination—Christianity with defined the Jewish position in a famous article of this world. The innate desire for salvation all its consequences would not have emerged (1904): he stressed the reality of a tradition from an insufTerable situation has given the from the Land of Israel. For this reason, if independent of historical truth which is any­ idea of a God-sent redeemer, promised in for no other, those events are an indispens­ how difficult to ascertain. Historical truth, he many pronouncements of the Prophets and able prelude to the history of Christian Europe. said, matters only for scholars, while "we prayed for in the whole Jewish liturgy, an Obviously, the Christian fathers, though some have another Moses of our own, whose image unforeseen dynamic. Yet, the misguided un­ of them reluctantly, must have been aware has been enshrined in the hearts of the timely application of such expectations, when of this; but this consciousness extends to Jewish people for generations, and whose the hour of Redemption has not struck, is niany centuries. It is no accident that a great influence on our national life has never apt to set the world aflame in an apocalyptic composer of German origin but "adopted" by ceased, . . . Even if you succeeded in demon­ disaster. England, G. F. Handel, who glorified Christ­ strating conclusively that the man Moses never ianity in his masterpiece "Messias" (culmin­ existed, or that he was not such a man as we ating in the jubilant chorus on the Hebrew supposed, you would not detract one jot Pathology of German-Jewish Relations Word Halleluja), applied his genius also to from the historical reality of the ideal Moses subjects like "Israel in Egypt" and the who has been our leader not only for forty This fact has often become a source of triumphal hymn of "Judas Makkabaeus," years in the vidldemess of Sinai, but for confusion, both within Judaism and in the thousands of years in all the wildernesses in Christian orbit, when eschatological ideas of The significance of the Exodus for the which we have wandered since the Exodus'". redemption, and the hope of a forthcoming civilised western world is also manifest in arrival of the Messias, even the imagination great works of art. The central figure of As a matter of fact the biblical story of of an impending end of the world, were Moses, "The Lawgiver" kat exochen, is vener­ the Exodus does not show us an idealized applied to a situation arising from factual ated by the whole of mankind. There are picture. It does not conceal the failures and political events by self-appointed false innumerable glorifications of him, of which I shortcomings nor the—to say the least— prophets, ecstatic revellers, impostors or down­ only want to mention two, albeit the generally ambiguous character of the people. They right madmen. These are the pitfalls of chilias­ Perhaps best known: the sculpture by Michel­ were the usual human beings, dominated by tic thinking and the resulting fanatical move­ angelo, which for miUions of people has materialist desires and sensuality who really ments. In this respect a modern German established the valid image of the Man, and do not readily take upon themselves privations author, Jorg von Uthmann, believes to have Schiller's essay Die Sendung Moses, from and burdens for the sake of an invisible good found a close similarity between Jews and which I want to quote the first paragraph in or god. This is demonstrated in an unsur­ Germans, but it seems to me that the main the original (with apologies to readers any- passable way in the story of the Golden Calf, point of this reasoning, what he calls the liow familiar with this text):— revived in our time in the grandiose orgy parallelism of Geschichtstheologie of the two scene of Schonberg's opera Moses and Aron, nations, refers more to the Judaeo-Christian "Die Griindung des jiidischen Staates which leaves Moses in despair. relationship than to national or ethnic durch Moses ist eine der denkwiirdigsten characteristics. Anyhow, this well-written and Begebenheiten, welche die Geschichte aufbe­ interesting booklet' deserves closer attention. wahrt hat, wichtig durch die Starke des Israel and Christian Nations Verstandes, wodurch sie ins Werk gerichtet Jbrg von Uthmann, a German diplomat Worden, wichtiger noch durch ihre Folgen The Exodus, after all, is a kind of archetypal (born in 1936), who served in the German auf die Welt, die noch bis auf diesen Augen­ Embassy in Israel in 1965 under the first blick fortdauem. Zwei Religionen, welche drama in which relationships within a people, den grossten Teil der bewohnten Erde all the tensions, the mass psychology and the Ambassador Pauls, propounds the thesis of beherrschen, das Christentum und der eternal antinomy between dark instincts and a certain kinship between the German and Islamismus, stiitzen sich beide auf die ethical commandment find their classical ex­ the Jewish people, which he thinks can be Religion der Hebraer, und ohne diese wiirde pression. No wonder that the basic metaphors observed both in the national character and es niemals weder ein Christentum noch from the Bible have been used—or abused— in the history of the two. It reveals itself einen Koran gegeben haben". so often whenever some sort of so-called in a sort of congeniality, or elective affinity, liberation movement made its appearance in This sounds perhaps like a truism, and a ' Jorg von Uthmann. DoppelgSnger, du bleichcr Getelle, Sreat part of Schiller's essay could not be ' Quoted from the translation by Leon Simon (East & Zur Patholoflie des deutsch-judischen Verhalfnlsses. Accepted by us today, but the simple truth of Wesf Library Londor), also printed in "Nationalism and Seewald Verlag, Stuttgart 1976, 189 S. DM 22. ttie Jewisl] Ethic", edited by Hans Kohn, Schocken Books the indebtedness of Christians and Moslems New York 1962. Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION April 1976

The famous twelth-century Italian abbot SOME PASSOVER MEDITATIONS Joachim di Fiore predicted a "Third Reich" which would redeem mankind by establishing Continued from page 1 a universal realm of the Spirit. From there the Nazis borrowed the name for their Reich. This had theological and apocalyptic under­ producing both enthusiastic love and furious of the German but at the same time kindred tones, but in historical terms it regarded itself hatred. The love manifested itself on the like a brother; there must not exist two as the successor of the First Reich of Charle­ Jewish side after the appearance of Moses Chosen Peoples, he concluded. magne and the second of Bismark (which was fragmentary as it excluded Austria). The Mendelssohn when most Jews in Germany Now to history. Uthmann speaks at length adored German culture and accepted the Third Reich (of Hitler) had to surpass all of about the notorious discord which prevented its predecessors. German way of life. It explains the profound the establishment of a unified Germany while nineteenth-century identification of Jews in other Europeans built their nation-states. The In analogy, Mr. Uthmann interprets the Germany with the humanist German culture Germans persisted in the dream of the Holy ancient Davidian kingdom as the first Jewish of the classical enlightenment which created Roman Empire and their political ideal was state, the Maccabean empire as the second, one of the most spectacular periods of assimi­ always tinged with theocratical elements. Just and our contemporary state of Israel as the lation in Jewish history, for which Mr, like the Jews! Both nations established a third. Despite the originally purely secular Uthmann adduces examples, geniune passion Geschichtstheologie as a substitute to full character of Herzlian Zionism, an eschatologi­ for cultural symbiosis and also exaggerated nationhood. Indeed, this comparison is exag­ cal ideology has subconsciously crept in. Mr. patriotic manifestations or pronouncements gerated. The Jews were never a political Uthmann says that Jewish and Christian bordering on the grotesque. Uthmann quotes power to be compared even with dismem­ "Zionism" were originally identical but split a statement by Heinrich Oppenheim, member bered Germany or the multi-faceted Gennan after the defeat of the Bar Kochba revolt, of the German Reichstag up to 1877, who said Reich. On the other hand, Jewish historio­ when Christians abandoned the longing for the that "With the German Vaterland the Messias graphy was theological from the very begin­ physical restoration of Jerusalem (except dur­ has come to the German Jews". Oppenheim ning, from the Exodus. Yet coming to the ing the Crusades) and concentrated on the was not alone in saying that. It is a fagon de present, Uthmann discovers similarities be­ metaphor of a celestial Jerusalem; whUe the parler which became current in Jewish tween the influence of German religious Jews, though powerless, through the ages clung circles when describing the Emancipation, or institutions in recent German history and the —at least in their prayers—to the hope of generally developments deemed to be divine helplessness of Israeli society against the physical rebuilding the City as the capital miracles creating advantages for Jews.' This predominance of the Rabbinate in matters of of a restored Jewish State. custom, confusing political or military situa­ personal status and marriage. Were not notori­ Messianic ideas have become so deeply en­ tions with eschatological fulfilment and the ous Israeli court cases an opportunity to some graved in the Jewish or Christian subconscious­ coming of the Messias, blasphemic as it is, observers in Israel to draw a parallel between ness that the longing for thorough improve­ continued also in the Zionist period, as shown Israeli regulations and the Nuremberg Laws? ment of the world's miserable and morally by Rabbi Goren's blowing of the Shofar after wicked condition often automatically evoked the conquest of the Wailing Wall in Jeru­ Moreover, the complexity of the problem such dreams. It would be interesting, but salem in 1967. becomes more evident when we consider the naturally exceeding the limits of the present consequences to which the amalgamation of article, to analyse more closely this Ge- nationalist and religious aims may lead. It schichtstheologie, and also to follow up the Love-Hate and Affinity is apt to produce exalted self-esteem and creeping-in and transformations of Messianism As to the hate, we need not enlarge on the fanaticism and to state that "as Germans and into socialist and jwlitical movements through­ subject. Uthmann himself cries out "How was Jews both are in want of a political home, out the ages; this, too, could be one of the it possible that just the nation to which the their megalomania transgresses every reason­ subjects to be discussed at the Seder table, Jews had assimilated themselves more than able degree"; it also leads to the assumption starting with Exodus, extending to Migration, anywhere else, succumbed to a delusion which of a universalist mission. Goethe, for insitance, Upheaval, Revelation and longing for Redemp­ led to the most ghastly murder of Jews ever said that "like the Jews the Germans must tion: the scheme of collective archetypes which in history?" None of the current theories of be dispersed over the world in order to also impressed themselves on Christian a political, sociological or psychological nature develop for the good of the nations the mass theology. Mr. Uthmann gives us a whole list suffices to explain this horrible event. The of virtues embodied in themselves". And, as of Christians who pretended to be Messias; author admits that also his own theory, a counterpart, though not at the same level, most of them were condemned heretics and expounded in this book, namely the alleged Uthmann refers to a (inference in Jerusa­ persecuted by Church and State. That since the love-hate efiect of elective affinity, can only lem (no date given) where Ben-Gurion is era of Enlightenment the many spouting socia­ supply a partial explanation; this, however, said to have "proclaimed without wincing that list trends from St. Simon to Karl Marx had deserves elaboration because it has been the State of Israel would have the power to hidden ingredients of messianism was often overlooked by all the commentators who dealt bring salvation to the whole of mankind" described as their "Jewish element". It is with the problem. There must be, he argues, (p.76). Not less acute, and perhaps topical regarded as an atavistic remnant of Jewish some puzzling obscure incentives to implac­ in these days of Israel's crisis, is the follow­ mythology in the thinking of Karl Marx, and able hatred arising from a deeper—though ing supplementary statement of common for this reason praised or cur.sed, according hidden—psychological layer. Has not Konrad reaction: "Typical though the boundlessness to the position of the commentator. Lorenz revealed striking phenomena among of German and Jewish megalomania is—its micro-animals killing only creatures belong­ peculiar feature is the latent inclination to Professor Jacob Talman of the Hebrew Uni­ ing to their own family? Moreover, on a abrupt change into self-lacerating despon­ versity has written the classical book on higher level, there is the legend of the dency" (p,78). He could have added that as "Political Messianism",' following-up the de­ "Double" (Doppelganger), or Wraith, in a rule they ignore the fact that the causes ceptions arising from messianic implications in various versions of folklore or literature, for this change of mood are mostly self- human affairs. Anyhow, the mixture of politi­ symbolising the rage of a frightened person inflicted and the logical results of the preced­ cal and religious categories has led to murder­ against someone who actually is identical ing uncritical megalomania. ous "holy" wars, to insane fanaticism, barbarian massacres, and has certainlv not with himself. In a story by Edgar Allan Poe, As the whole medieval scene is dominated for instance, the hero stabs his "Double" brought nearer the celestial or anv other by Christian concepts and the struggle between Jerusalem. Yet, in our present world there re­ whose presence he cannot bear, only to learn temporal and ecclesiastical power determines that what he had actually killed was the appears the inclination to such tendencies the political climate, it is understandable that which are irresponsive to the argument of best within himself. This is, says the author, schemes of thought deriving from the Scrip­ what the Germans have done by exterminating reason or moderation. The Devil often wraps tures and religious scholastic philosophy himself up in the mantle of Saviour. The the Jews. Hitler is reported to have said to made up the political vocabulary. This entails Rauschning that the Jew is the very opposite apocalyptic vision which initiated the fury and a parallelism of Christian and Jewish imagery. crimes of the Third Reich should certainly The idea of building a celestial Jerusalem ' In his (recently circulated) Annual Report to the serve as a permanent warning. Board o( Governors of the Hebrew Union College (Cinci­ and to prepare for the second coming (the natti) ttie Preskfant Alfred Gottschalk recalled tha ba- Christian version of post-Christian messian­ Uthmann's publisher describes his book as flinrving of his Institute a hundred years ago, when Its founder, Isaac Mayer Wise (who had come to America ism) accompanied liie a shadow the philosophy "provocative and unconcerned about taboos". from a small place in Bohemia) "looked upon the world of the Middle Ages. He also sets forth many facts which may not with roseate eyes and viewed America as the New Jeru­ be known to the average reader. Some of his salem, regarding a national existence of the Jewish people When at a certain moment, only once dur­ in its own land as a Messianic dream no longer necessary. statements are perhaps controversial, but they For then the view waa ttiat mankind would be bound ing the whole period, the wish to conquer provide useful material for reflection. together in an aga of reason, that reason would weld all Jerusalem took a concrete—not only spiritual members of the family of man into a unit". "What tragic misreading of history that was", adds Rabbi Gottschalk —form, i.e. during the Crusades, the first in 1975. ' Political Messianism, The Romantic Phaie. Seeker & action was a massacre of Jews in Germany. Warburg London 1960. AJR INFORMATION April 1976 Page 3 HOME NEWS \ jl ANGLOJVDAICA Refugee Pioneer of Open University SHORE CONDEMNS BOYCOTT MAYHBW ACTION DROPPED Professor Maxim Bruckheimer, 40, who came to this country as a child when his Addressing a meeting of fellow Labour Mr. Warren Bergson, a 22-year-old Jewish parents had to leave Germany because of Nazi Friends of Israel, Mr Peter Shore, Secretary student from Salford, withdrew his £5,000 persecution, is one of the pioneers of the of State for Trade, admitted that even nation­ claim against Mr. Christopher Mayhew, M.P. Open University where he has been dean and alised companies Uke British Leyland might and apologised to him. Mr. Mayhew had pub­ director of studies at the mathematics faculty. have to submit to the Arab boycott which he licly promised to hand that sum to anyone He has just received a call to become head of deplored, if the altemative entailed a damag­ who could prove that a responsible Arab the Weizmann Institute's teaching department ing loss of business and jobs. He said "We leader had ever threatened the Jews with in Rehovot, Israel, and director of the new {nade it clear that we deplore the boycott genocide. Mr. Bergson who wanted to donate Everyman University in Israel which is vastly both in its direct operation against Israel and the money to charity, produced a statement modelled on the Open University. the secondary boycott directed against firms by the general secretary of the Arab League Uf other countries which trade with Israel". in May 1948 that "this will be a war of exter­ He did not think that the fear of the boycott mination and momentous massacre, it will be Jewish Cliaplain at Heathrow was so widespread amongst British business- spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and Wen as to constitute a serious obstacle to the the crusades". In court Mr. Bergson's lawyer The Rev. Mordechai Berkovitch, minister of expansion of Anglo-Israeli Trade. It was admitted that the full text of the speech made the Kingston and Surbiton Synagogue, has known that even Arab firms ignored the boy­ it clear that the statement was not genocidal. been appointed Jewish chaplain at Heathrow cott when they were interested in goods not airport. available elsewhere. MAIL TO RUSSIA DISAPPEARS The first Jewish Quins The latter statement is confirmed by news Similar to the action taken by German poli­ from Cairo that at a recent intemational con­ ticians was a protest by Mr. Brian Sedgemore, The quins recently bom to Dr. and Mrs. ference of businessmen on economic interde­ M.P. (Lab) and Dr. Jeremy Bray (Lab) to Mr. Alan Brooks, of London, are probably the first pendence, Egypt and other Arab States have Roy Hattersley, Minister of State for Foreign Jewish quins ever bom. Both parents are •nformed American and European business- Affairs. They asked the Minister to raise with Orthodox Jews and the babies' names in order •nen that their companies will be removed from Soviet authorities the question of registered of their time of birth are Reuben, Nathan, national blacklists if they make investments mail sent to Russia by British citizens which Sonya, Naomi and Ezra Zev. 'n the States involved. was never delivered. Mr. Hattersley replied that under the terms of the Universal Postal Isaac Wolfson's Golden Wedding Donation Convention the Soviet authorities could con­ CALLAGHAN SPEAKS OUT FOR ISRAEL fiscate without compensation postal articles To commemorate his golden wedding. Sir fn a meeting with Zionist Federation lead­ whose importation and circulation was pro­ Isaac Wolfson, chairman of Great Universal ers, the Foreign Secretary, Mr. James Callag­ hibited in the USSR. They were, however, re­ Stores, handed a cheaue for half a million han, said that any lasting settlement in the quired to notify the originating post office if pounds to Lord Taylor of Gryfe in Glasgow Middle East would have to include a place for an article was neither delivered nor retumed to be used to set up a trust to aid medicine, the Palestinian people. The British Govem- to the sender. the arts, research and other educational and hjent, he said, believes in the integrity of charitable activities in Scotland. the sovereign State of Israel within secure PRIZE FOR NEWCASTLE PHYSICLAN ^.nd recognised boundaries and would con­ This year's Wellcome Award for outstanding Engineering Firm's Debt to Dr. Mac Goldsmith tinue its endeavours to build bridges between contributions to clinical biochemistry was the parties to the Middle East confiiot. given to Professor Albert L. Latner, director "The news that 74 per cent of Fichtel & of cancer research at Newcastle University. Sachs, the German engineering giant, has Professor Latner holds a string of outstand­ been acquired by the leading British Engineer­ NO BAN ON PLO DELEGATES ing professional qualifications and takes a ing group, Guest, Keen & Nettlefolds Ltd. The Home Secretary, Mr. Roy Jenkins, has keen interest in Jewish affairs. Inter alia he (GKN), is of particular interest to the Leices­ 3gain refused to bar entry to this country to is chairman of the Newcastle Inter-Denomina­ ter industrialist Dr. Mac Goldsmith", writes representatives of the PLO because they Yye- tional Committee for the Release of Soviet the "Leicester Mercury". A substantial part S"'? to a terrorist group, but he assured the Jewry. of the business of Fichtel & Sachs is in mak­ poard of Deputies that he would unhesitat­ A NAUTICAL QC ing vehicle clutches, and Dr. Goldsmith de­ ingly deport any foreign visitor who breached signed and developed the company's first Mr, F. Ashe Lincoln, QC has been appointed mechanical disc clutches in Frankfurt nearly the law. Mr. Martin Savitt, chairman of the an associate member of the Nautical Institute, board's Defence Committee, had expressed the institute of master mariners of which 50 years ago. His reaction on leaming of grave concem at the admittance of PLO repre­ Lord Mountbatten is President. During the GKN's controlling stake in the business was^ sentatives to the "revolutionary festival" in Second World War. Mr. Lincoln was a captain "I ani very happy that it has come to one of Belfast and Dublin which the official IRA of the Royal Navy Reserve and later naval Britain's largest engineering works". The has convened for July 1976. In his reply, Mr, adviser to the Israeli Govemment. All mem­ paper also pays tribute to Dr. Goldsmith's •'enkins said that he could not prohibit the bers of the Institute have to be distinguished manifold important contributions to the in­ entry of a visitor from abroad merely because sailors. dustrial development of this country. he disliked his opinions. A symbolic barmitzvah BLACKLISTS AT £95 With acknowledgement to the news service of the Jewish Chronicle. At a number of synagogues in suburbs of . An American who claims to be a Jewish London and also in Leeds, Manchester, Liver­ journalist, is selling 1975 copies of the Arab pool and elsewhere in the provinces, there trade boycott to British firms. The joumalist was a symbolic call-up on March 6 for a 'n question, Mr. M. Petal, said that he and Russian boy Sasha Roitburd who should have Pther joumalists were able to obtain the lists, Your House for:— celebrated his barmitzvah on that day. His ont unable to disclose their source. It seems father Lev Roitburd was imprisoned in Russia ^hat many firms are paying for the lists in after applying to emigrate to Israel. 2,^er to find out whether they are on it. CURTAINS, CARPETS, phey are said to contain the names of 5,000 Christian-Jewish Symposium in Manchester companies in 88 countries. FLOOR COVERINGS Under the auspices of the Manchester SPECIAUTY Council of Christians and Jews, a public de­ COMPENSATION FOR POLISH JEWS? bate between Jewish and Christian biblical scholars was recently held in Manchester. It p Officials of the Association of Jews of CONTINENTAL DOWN was the first interdenominational venture of *'oliBh Origin in Great Britain had a meeting this kind in the city. The speakers included With the Polish Ambassador, Mr Starewicz, QUILTS Rabbi F. F. Carlebach, M.A. who together with one of the few Jews to occupy a prominent the Rt. Rev. Professor R. P. Hanson discussed Position in the Polish Govemment service. He ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS the two Creation Narratives in Genesis *pressed sympathy with a claim to transfer Chapter One and Two. .9 the West a hut from Auschwitz concentra- ESTIMATES FREE lon camp to be erected as a memorial to the jjews kUled by the Nazis. He also accepted a DAWSON-LANE LIMITED VALUABLE BOOKS ^emorandum, setting out the claims of former °lish Jews for pension and insurance rights (Established 1946) Rare books of Jewish interest, Jewish *nd for the restitution of former communal 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK prints bought and sold. property. Similar approaches have been made Telephone: 904 6671 NADOR RARE BOOKS . y representatives of Polish Jewish refugees 63 Cranbourne Road, h the U.S,, France, Denmark, Sweden and Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman. North¥rood, Middlesex Australia. Telephone: Northwood 21152 T"

Page 4 AJR INFORMATION April 1976 THE ISRAELI SCENE NEWS FROM ABROAD A. P. MICHAELIS 70 UNITED STATES ITALY One of the founder-members of the AJB and its vice-chairman during the war, A. P- Jewish Centre for Harvard A trial without defendants Michaelis, celebrated his 70th birthday in After seven years of investigations, the trial Jerusalem where he settled after the war. By The president of Harvard University, Dr. opened in Trieste against the unknown Nazi profession a banker, his many connections Derek Bok has announced that a Centre for henchmen responsible for the murders in the combined with his mastery of the English Jewish Studies is to be set up at the univer­ only death camp on Italian soil, the old rice- language were most helpful for the develop­ sity. Its staff will include six professors in mill at San Sabba just outside Trieste. In 1943 ment of the AJR during its first difficult years. various fields of Jewish scholarship and 24 several thousand Jewish and political perse­ In retirement, he devotes much of his time to graduate fellows. There will also be a large cutees were killed and cremated there. Only his hobbies: painting and drawing and family library of Judaica. A national committee one of the 14 Nazis alleged to have perpe­ history. His wife is Eva Michaelis-Stern, one­ chaired by a New York businessman, Mr trated these murders, is still alive. He is time head of the London Youth Aliyah bureau Gerard Weinstock, hopes to raise about £7i Joseph Oberhauser who works in a Munich and throughout her life connected with the million to endow the centre. Among the beer-cellar and has so far ignored a summons work of that organisation. E.G.L. honorary members of the committee are the to the court. The trial therefore started before composer Leonard Bemstein, Professor Sir empty benches. HIGHEST TAXED PEOPLE Isaiah Berlin, Mr. William Frankel, Editor of Witnesses included survivors from the camp the Jewish Chronicle and a number of leading who had lost their entire families. An Italian Israel's 1976/77 Budget of £5,737 mUlion personalities from all over the world. worker who was employed in a neighbouring heavily relies on help from Jews outside Israel oil refinery, reported that he saw how SS men and on the United States. 41 per cent of the Mohammed All's gift in rowing boats disposed of sacks full of human Budget has been allocated to defence, 18 per The world heavy-weight boxing champion, corpses. An Italian collaborator, 78-year-old cent to the payment of foreign debts. The Mohammed Ali, has sent a cheque for about Augusta Reiss, said she onlv remembered the average Israeli will be paying some 62 per £25,000 to a Jewish home for the aged and killing of ten Jews who had thrown bombs at cent of his income in taxes. The tax for handicapped in Washington which he had Germans, but she had disagreed with Ober­ Israelis who wish to travel abroad, has gone visited. He had gone there after seeing a TV hauser's methods. up from about £50 to £67-25. programme which said that the Hillside Aged FRANCE Centre might have to close down because of CAMPAIGN AGAINST TAX DODGERS lack of money. After talking to inmates of Bomb Explosion at M&S Israeli Banks have been instructed to report the home for over an hour, Mohammed Ali Responsibility for a bomb that wrecked the all transactions worth more than I£15,000 promised to send a further £25,000 in the near basement of Marks & Spencer's Paris branch (about £1,000) in order to catch tax dodgers. future. was claimed by the "Intemationale for The income tax authorities will begin a study Revolutionary Solidarity" in revenge for the of the tax retums of more than 2,000 people CENTENARY OF ANTWERP COMMUNITY death of IRA hunger-striker Frank Stagg. with assets of more than £67,000, including the owners of speed boats and luxury villas. A hundred years ago this year, a royal Breslau documents discovered decree recognised the Belgian Central Jewish Professor Gerard E. Weil of Nancy Univer­ ABORTION CONTROVERSY Consistory which included the communities of sity has discovered a number of Hebrew manu­ The Knesset is considering a law to liberal­ Antwerp, Brussels, Arlon, Ghent and Liege. scripts which disappeared from the famous ise abortion. The present law only permits To celebrate the centenary, the Antwerp com­ library of the Breslau Jewish Seminary dur­ abortion in cases where the mother's life is munity held a service followed by an academic ing the Hitler period and were thought to in danger. Mr. Shemtov, the health minister, meeting which were attended by Leo Tinde- have been destroyed by the Nazis. They are said that there were at least 60,000 abortions manns, the Belgian Prime Minister, represen­ part of the "Savaral Collection" which the a year, of which only 16,000 were legal and tatives of all political parties, members of seminary acquired from Trieste centuries ago. Parliament, the heads of all state universities that under the new law abortions would be and many other non-Jews. The festivities were NEW FUTURE FOR JEWS IN SPAIN allowed during the first three months of shown on Belgian Television. The governor of King Juan Carlos received a delegation of pregnancy subject to the approval of a doctor the province of Antwerp and the Lord Mayor leaders of the World Sephardi Federation and either a public health nurse or a social of the city both stressed in their addresses which included Rabbi Dr. S. Gaon, the worker. that they were proud of the fratemal links Haham. He showed keen interest in the ITALIAN LABOUR CONGRESS BOYCOTTED between Jews and non-Jews. The Prime Sephardi heritage of Spain and in Sephardi Minister pointed out that Antwerp's 15,000 communities all over the world. There have The Israeli Labour Party has boycotted the Jews had been well integrated into civic and been reports of a dramatic resurgence of national congress of the Italian Socialist national life without abandoning their special Jewish life from all parts of Spain. Schools Party because the PLO was represented by a Jewish character. The Nazis had deported and synagogues are being built or rebuilt in delegation. 'The Socialists, Italy's third largest about 26,000 Jews from Belgium, but many Madrid, Barcelona and Malaga, and new com­ party, had invited both the ILP and the PLC others were saved by Belgians who hid them munities have been formed in Granada and for the whole of the war. Seville. There are a number of Jewish lec­ INTERMARRIAGE WITH ARABS turers and students at Madrid university. At In the past five years more than 150 Jewish HOLLAND present the Jewish population is about 10,000. girls have married Arab husbands. Until now they had to convert to Islam before doing so Jewish headqaarters in Amsterdam abandoned AUSTRIA because of an Order by the Israeli Ministry of Holland's largest Jewish community, the Arafat praises Kreisky Religious Affairs which laid down that no Amsterdam Ashkenazi community has removed Austria's opposition People's Party has de­ Moslem religious court could marry a Jewess its offices from the old Jewish quarter in down­ manded a parliamentary debate with regard and a Moslem unless she converted first. This town Amsterdam to a garden suburb five to the proposed opening of a PLO office in order has now been revoked, and as the Koran miles away where there are also the head­ Vienna. Austrian newspapers and radio com­ permits mixed marriages without conversion, quarters of the Liberal community and several mentators have called on the Chancellor, Dr. such girls can now remain Jewish and their Jewish schools. More than 100,000 Dutch Kreisky to dissociate himself from the praise children will be regarded as Jews. Jews were killed by the Nazis, and only a few lavished on him by Yasir Arafat, leaaer of of the survivors retumed to the old town. the PLO who, in a radio interview thanked A UNIQUE FIND FROM ANTIQUITY Even they, and certainly their children have Dr. Kreisky for "bravely resisting Zionist since gradually moved out to other parts of blackmail attempts" and ms sympathy for the On a visit to relatives in Tirat Zivi, a New town as many old buildings were being des­ PLO. York stockbroker and amateur archaeologist troyed in the course of road building. Morton Leventhal discovered a bronze head of Chancellor visits Theresienstadt the emperor Hadrian in the Bet Shean plain. The head and parts of the torso wliich were GUATEMALA During an official visit to Czechoslovakia, found later constitute the only bronze statue The American "Joint" has made a contri­ Dr. Kreisky visited the site of Theresienstadt hitherto found which can with certainty be bution of $10,000 towards the relief for the concentration camp and laid a wreath for the identified as Hadrian who ruled between H' victims of the recent earthquake. It has also 43,000 victims who died there during the war. and 138 AD, because bronze statues were often offered the services of its trained welfare The director of the memorial shrine decorated melted down in later periods. Research has workers for help in the relief actions.—(EGL) Dr. Kreisky with a medal in recognition of since established that the statue was probably his anti-fascist work during the war. over 2 metres high. Hadrian visited Palestine TURKISH RABBIS PERSECUTED Exile Documents required in 129 and 139 AD. He was the emperor who Thirteen rabbis and religious instructors The Dokumentationsarchiv des Oesterreich­ suppressed the last great military clash be­ have been fined £8 each for disobeying orders ischen Widerstandes, Altes Rathaus, Wipp­ tween Jews and Romans, the Bar Kochba revolt. concerning the teaching of religion. Children lingerstrasse 8. 1010 Vienna 1, is coUecting Professor Yadin who is a known archaeologist attended daily services at the synagogues to material for a research library on matters of considers the discovery of the statue proof of leam the prayers in Hebrew and to have them exile and would be grateful for relevant the destruction of a Roman legionary unit explained in Turkish. There is, however, a material, i.e. newspaper copies 1934-45, pam­ during the rebellion "because it is inconceiv­ law which prohibits religious lessons outside phlets and books by German and Austrian able that a Roman legionary unit would schools. authors in German or English. freely abandon the statue of the emperor." AJR INFORMATION April 1976 Page 5

J' J. Maitlis this happen, he became a disciple of the rabbi. And when he afterwards heard a follower of the rabbi telling how the rabbi SELECTED STORIES BY PERETZ of Nemirov ascends to Heaven at the time It was not a mere coincidence that last year the prophet Elijah, the faithful guardian of of the Penitential prayers, the Litvak laughed the two American authors, the Yiddish poet Israel in distress, in a miraculous way helps no more, he only added quietly "If not higher". Eliezer Greenberg and the writer-critic Irving the pious and charitable people in their hour Here, as in so many other stories, goodness Howe brought out this delightful volume of of need. Our story tells us how Elijah appears and kindness are working wonders. Their short stories by I. L. Peretz,'* to commemorate in the guise of a dazzling magician in a motif is widely spread in the hasidic lore. the 60th anniversary of the deaith of this Volhynian townlet and provides the poverty- Peretz recaptured and reworked this tradit­ outstanding Yiddish writer. stricken Hayim Yoine and his wife with the ional material in his masterly style and fascin­ Like many of his contemporaries, Peretz, necessary Passover fare, a ready table with ating manner. Romanticism and symbolism a highly gifted, prolific and versatile writer, food and wine and even candles for the were much in the air. While reshaping and started as a radical, a torchbearer of the en­ benediction for the Seder night. Here again retelling folkish tales and hasidic stories, lightenment and satirist, and in the course of we have a well-known folkloristic motif, trans­ Peretz gave them his own interpretation, their the years further into a romanticist and sym­ muted from the Orient about the wondrous meaningfulness and adequate artistic expres­ bolist. As the great reviver of the modern Rabbi Nissim ha-Mitzri (in the disguise of sion. His stories with their inherent loveliness, Yiddish literature he retrieved rare gems Elijah) who appears on the eve of the Pass­ unique charm and invigorating force, should, from the East European Jewish past. One of over festival to a humble but worthy couple in the words of the instructive introduction, the great writers of the time, he was always bringing them help and succour to reward "be read as 'wisdom stories', pieces of fiction *n quest of new ideas, always intrigued and their unshakable faith and trust in God. A that evoke pleasure through a tacit engage­ open to new trends and movements in the similar note strikes the hasidic story about ment of mind, cleverness, insight and com­ W^estem art. A diverse, often deeply divided Rabbi Isachar-Ber of Radoshitz, who lived in mentary". In their sum, we find, "almost the Personality, Peretz became at the tum of great poverty, but to whom on the eve of totality of Jewish response to the Jewish ^he century greatly attracted by the new the Seder two angels in the disguise of two situation". "Currents of neo-romanticism and symbolism in "daitshlech" (Germans) brought all the re­ While the well-written introduction is done *-he European literature, and so this great quired food for the Seder. by the editors, the stories are translated by fnaster delved into the depth of the past, It was as so often that the world of Hasid­ various hands. And one final remark. On page searching and revealing the hidden lights of a ism with its ethos and pent-up emotions, its nine the editors mention the Yiddish Con­ ^diating Jewish life, the treasures of a living radiance and ecstatic feeling served Peretz, as ference of 1908 in Czemowitz in which Peretz ^aditional lore with all its creative intensity the literary critic, S. Niger, put it, as "a took part. But at that time Czernowitz was 'nd diversity. A new era in Peretz's creative medium for crystalizing his own thoughts and not under the rule of Rumania but part of "^OTk started with his popular folk^tales and feelings". So it happens in his pervasive and Austria. Probably an excusable lapsus calami. hasidic legends which exerted a profound in­ subtle story, "If not higher". There we are A short glossary concludes this delightful fluence on the entire generation, readers and told a remarkable story about a "Litvak", an volume of Peretz's folk- and hasidic stories. Writers alike. incredulous, traditionalist Lithuanian Jew, who * Selected Stories. I. L. Peretz. Edited with an intro­ duction by Inring Howe and Eliezer Greonberg. Paul Elek In his beautifully retold folk-narratives and doubts and scoffs at the belief of the ordinary London. £2-80. hasidic stories, Peretz recaptured and masterly hasidic followers of the rabbi of Nemirov, t"ecreated the genuine spirit of Jewish life in that he ascends to Heaven every morning in the days of Awe alt the time of the Penitential BRESLAU 1941 oygone days, the passionate belief and bum- Diaries of Dr. Willy Cohn ihg faith of former generations. The diverse prayers. What does a sceptic Litvak do ? He ^ditional material provided him with a secretly follows and watches the holy man Former Jewish residents of Breslau will Variety of motifs and variants which he used in his movements from the early hours of a welcome this modest but fascinating German- ^th great artistic skill and a lofty imagina­ cold grey moming. Clad in peasant clothes, language publication recently issued in Israel.'* tion. In reshaping and recasting content and girded with a long leather belt and an axe It is a selection from the diaries of Dr. Willy form, Peretz gave a new social and subtle in his belt, the rabbi goes to the nearby Israel Cohn — a martyr of the holocaust — hieaning and a sublime expression to the forest to chop some wood which he later brings written before his deportation in 1941, edited ^ries thus retold. to a poor, bed-ridden sick vridow. While the by a former Breslauer, Dr. Joseph Walk, and It was a world of vision and dream of rabbi kindles the wood in the stove and the published jointly by the Verband ehemaliger thysterious tales and meaningful legends, with fire starts to bum brightly, he recites quietly Breslauer und Schlesier in Israel and the Bar- their saints and silent sufferers, vrii.. its dis- and joyously portions of the Penitential llan University Institute for the Research of prayers. When the dubious Litvak saw all Diaspora Jewry. The booklet aiso contains a Ji'ess and hope, sorrow and joy. There are family tree, an explanatory preface in Hebrew '^les of rare wisdom and goodness of rabbis and English by the diarist's daughter, an in­ *nd saintly men, stories of suffering and formative introduction also in Hebrew and ^xemplary modesty, of purity and kindliness. VERY IMPORTANT English by the editor, documents relating to Jn the words of the editors, Peretz "brought Members of the AJR and their families Jewish life in Schlesien and Breslau 1940- ^e qualities of the nineteenth century into and friends are urgently invited to the 1941, and two articles by Dr. Cohn on Heinrich ^iddish literature by going backward into Graetz and Jonas Franckel. 'ne East European Jewish past". ,^ Thus one of Peretz's most famous stories, COMMEMORATION As a personal document the diary, though 'Bontshe the Silent", is an expression of the fragmentary, gives valuable and moving in­ author's sharp scepticism. Bontshe belongs sights into the life of a Jew during the Holo­ to a world of the dumb and mute who bears caust period. We read of the celebration of MEETING the Jewish festivals and a visit and sermon by ^.il injustices and indignations in his earthly FOR THE SIX MILLION JEWISH jife without resentment or complaints, a tragic Dr. Leo Baeck; of his work at the Cathedral *ife of an underdog who passes away un- MARTYRS OF NAZISM library, his joumalism and his recreational hotieed by his fellow mortals. But so rums the on Sunday, 25th April, at 3 pjn. activities; of his awareness of the world situa­ Prince of Wales Theatre, tion and its implications—the fall of Tobruk thoral of Peretz's narrative. Bontshe, as an and the invasion of Yugoslavia; of the fate of ^rchetype of the humble and meek, stands in Coventry St., W.l. the Yishuv and the loss of the "Patria". And high esteem in the world above. His silent Speakers: throughout the diary there are references to ^e and unnoticed death caused a stir in the impending catastrophe; to the compulsory Heaven. When he appears before the Divine HIS GRACE, registration at the local police station; to the ^ourt and is asked what his reward should "Transporte" going east and the murder of he for all the injustices and injuries he THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, the Jews in Lemberg and elsewhere; to the experienced in his life, the pious, silent P.C, M.C. orders of expulsion issued in Breslau itself, 5'^erer asks modestly for "a hot roll and and to the order to wear the yellow Jew badge, fi'esh butter every moming". It is the highest so that he took his walks "im Schmuck des delight imaginable for this poor, gentle and ALD. THE RT. HON., THE Judenstems". starved man,—a great social motif which the ^rtist Peretz has clad in a colourful garb of LORD FISHER OF CAMDEN The work may jusUy claim its appropriate the popular tale. Readings: Yvonne Mitchell place alongside the other original documents and diaries of this period. . Characteristic of Peretz's charm and pathos The AJR is one of the sponsoring RUTH P. GOLDSCHMIDT-LEHMANN. JS also his story "The Magician", which be- organisations of the function * Als Jud* In BrMlaii—1941. (Aus dsn TtgebOchsm von •ongs to the widely spread cycle of the Elijah Further details are published on page 8 Studiertrat a.D. Dr. Willy Israel Cohn) hsrausg«g«b«n von tegends. Here, as so often in Jewish folklore. Joseph Walk, Jerusalem 1975, pp. vl, 90, 5. £2. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION April 1976

H. W. Freyhan ihre Einwilligung gegeben haben wuerde, da es mit ihren Ansichten durchaus nicht stimme, einen katholischen Schwiegersohn zu haben, THE MENDELSSOHN SAGA da Katholizismus allemal zu Fanaitismus und Kopfhaenigerei fuehre." Abraham, although he Great novels have been built on the story The religious allegiances are analysed with shared his wife's misgivings, tried to soothe of one family, e.g. Thomas Mann's Budden­ meritorious clarity and insight. Most of the her, but Lea insisted on Hensel's promise to brooks and Galsworthy's Forsyte Saga. Some Mendelssohns had left the Jewish faith, but remain a Protestant; else she would advise of the fascination which they generate may their motives differed a great deal. The way her daughter against the marriage and would, also be experienced if, outside the realm of in which the relevant information is sorted moreover, forbid not only further meetings fiction, one pursues the saga of a real historic out and assessed is much to F. Gilbert's credit. between the lovers but even all correspond­ family, and even if one does this merely by Of Moses Mendelssohn's surviving children, ence. The following day Hensel requested one perusal of their correspondence. For the loss only two remained Jewish, as did two of his more meeting with Fanny, but Lea refused. of the novelist's creative art there may well grandchildren. When the last of these Jewish "Da sagte die Tochter mit einer vrilden be some compensation if the family in question family members, Joseph's widowed daughter- FestLgkeit, deren Ton ich noch heut hoere; is of some prominence and includes men and in-law Marianne, died in 1880, her funeral was 'Mutter, ich werde ihn sprechen.'" women who have left their mark on the the first Jewish ceremony which many of her It is worth remembering that Lea was the cultural, political or economic life of their mouming relations had ever attended. Yet it granddaughter of Daniel Itzig, the most pro­ time. was on this occasion that Marianne's son minent Hofjude under Friedrich H. As a All this applies to the Mendelssohns, and a received a letter of condolence from the wealthy heiress she held the purse strings (as recent volume of unpublished letters (Felix Empress Augusta which concludes: "Aber Hensel suspected) and could speak with some Gilbert, Bankiers, Kuenstler und Gelehrte; auch fuer weitere Kreise ist es wahrhaft authority. But her attitude in this matter J. C. B. Mohr, Tuebingen, 1975; DM 87; pub­ beklagenswert, einen Charakter verschwinden reveals that she accepted Christianity only in lished under the auspices of the Leo Baeck zu sehen, der die traditionelle Treue der the "enlightened" form of Protestantism^ Institute) can hardly fail to stir the reader's Gesinnunig mit jener seltenen geistigen characteristic of her eighteenth-century up­ imagination and bring vividly to life not only Frische verband, die an den Umgang mit bringing. the correspondents themselves but also their hevorragenden Maennem der Vergangenheit historical and cultural background. erinnert. Solche Gaben des Geistes und der Hensel never became a Catholic, but two Gesinnunig bedarf das Vaterland, und es faellt of Moses Mendelssohn's daughters did. In this new collection the "cast" is limited unserer Zeit schwer sie zu ersetzen. . . . Ihr Dorothea, his eldest child, had left her Jewish to those who lived in the nineteenth century. Segen mht auf der Familie, an deren einzelne husband, Simon Veit, to join Friedrich v. The great ancestor, Moses Mendelssohn, is Mitglieder ich Sie bitte, den Ausdruck meines Schlegel, whom she later married. She had therefore excluded, but his widow, Fromet, vollsten Mitgefuehls persoenlich kund zu tun." first been converted to Protestantism but had opens the series with a letter to her youngest subsequently become an ardent Catholic, as son, Nathan. This letter differs strikingly from had her sister, Henriette. Both were driven all those that follow: in its language and Conversions by conviction, and Dorothea's two sons from spelling, it belongs to the pre-emanicipation her first marriage followed her example, much period. Two of Moses Mendelssohn's sons joined the to the distress of itheir Jewdsh father. The family's most famous member, Felix, Protestant Church. The elder of them, is only sparsely represented since so many of Abraham, Felix's father, had his children The letters confirm that none of these con­ his letters had already been published long baptized several years before he and his wife versions interfered with the feelings of kin­ ago. All the more space is devoted to his sons, Lea took this step themselves. These conver­ ship in this first generation after Moses Karl and Paul, and to his younger brother sions were at first kept secret to avoid offend­ Mendelssohn, and this includes Lea. The fact Paul, the banker. A prominent place is also ing Lea's mother. In the letter in which he that Dorothea and Henriette did not live in reserved for Moses Mendelssohn's surviving informs his sister of his intended engagement Berlin may have eased the situation. children and their descendants. And, as to Fanny Mendelssohn, WOhelm Hensel While Dorothea's and Henriette's Catholic­ ruhender Punkt in der Erscheinungen Flucht, writes: "Die Eltera verlangten nur, dass die ism had its roots in the romantic movement, there is the long-lived "Hinni" (1776-1862)— Sache noch aller Welt ein Geheimnis bleibe, their brothers' religious ideas were based on the wife of Joseph the banker—whose letters da die Grossmutter des Maedchens noch gar their father's philosophy, whether they re­ reveal a lively and attractive personality. nicht wisse, dass diese wirklich Christin sei mained Jewish, like Joseph (who had still The "outsiders" among the correspondents und mam die alte 80-jaehrige Frau, eine enjoyed his father's tuition) or not, like include persons of high rank or fame, such as orthodoxe Juedin, nicht wolle mit Leid in Abraham, whose memory of his father caused Augusta, the first German Empress, as well die Gmbe fahren lassen, die schon ihren Sohn his initial reluctance to consent to his child­ as Alexander von Humboldt, Gervinus, Otto (Jacob Bartholdy) verstossen hatte, well er ren's conversion. His conception, as expressed von Gierke, Paul Heyse, Vamhagen von Ense Christ geworden (auch dass ihre Tochter in his letters, may have reflected that of and Treitschke. Indirectly, we leam of meet­ Christin sei, wusste sie nicht). Dass man nun Lessing's Nathan, but ithere is little doubt ings with Ranke, Eichendorff, Clara Schumann die Enkelin nicht als erklaerte Braut eines that he regarded baptism as a meams to fuU and Lassalle. Christen hinstellen konnte, war natuerlich, emancipation. The editor's introductory chapters, covering und so musst' ich mich dieser Bedingung In the next generation the fainily bonds some 50 pages, facilitate the perusal of the fuegen." between Dorothea's descendants and liie other letters, which are also generously annotated. But this was not all. After a little while Mendelssohns loosened considerably. Felix (The two Pauls are sometimes not clearly "fragte mich die Mutter unerwartet, wie es could not esitablish much contact with his enough identified, and Joseph Joachim's wife mit meiner Religionsansicht staende und ob cousins, whom he met in Rome, and his aunt was Amalie, not Alma.) Henriette wrote to her sister: "In Felix ist es denn wahr sei, was man sage, dass ich vieles, man koennte sagen, alles, nur das nicht, The introduction amounts to a scholarly naemlich zur katholischen Kirche uebergehen was den Johannes (Veit) wohl allein an die survey of the whole scene, shedding a new wolle." Fanny knew of this but had concealed Menschen knuepft. . . . Dieser gaenzliche light on personal relations within the family ifc from her mother. "Nun kehrte sich der Zorn Mangel an religioeser Tiefe ist mir immer and on the character and outlook of individual der Mutter gegen die Tochter, und sie er­ schmerzlich aufgefallen am dem son&t reich members. klaerte, dass wenn sie dies gewusst, sie nie begabten jungen Mann". This is a doubtful judgement, and I am afraid F. Gilbert hardly improves on it with his comment that for Felix, allegiance to the Protestant Church was "Teilhaberschaft an der Kultur dieser Welt. Greyhound Guaranty Limited Ein Beispiel dafuer ist, dass in seinen Oratorien, vor allem dem Elias . . . Felix Bankers Mendelssohn Bartholdy religioese Effekte mit Techniken, die der Oper oder der saekulaeren 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, Musik angehoerten, erreichte". As if Bach and Handel, his great models, had not done LONDON, WIX 3LB exactly the same! Unlike the father, Felix's elder son Karl did Telephone: 01-629 1208 profess agnostic views and refuted all proofs for the existence of God, which must have Telex: 22465 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l included those that Moses Mendelssohn had once defended against Kant's criticism. AJR INFORMATION April 1976 Page 7

RABBI AND PHILOSOPHER THE MENDELSSOHN SAGA Dr. Alexander Altmann 70 Continued from page 6 while exchanged Proudhon for Lassalle as his On April 6 Alexander Altmann will celebrate Karl was one of the two historians in the mentor, was released from prison and spent his seventieth birthday. There are good rea­ family; the other was his father's cousin his few remaining years abroad, still serving sons to assume that this anniversary will also Benjamin Georg, Joseph's son, who was as his cause. arouse interest outside the circle of his ftrongly conservative as Karl was progressive In his letter from prison Amold tells his friends and colleagues. His life and work in his outlook. father of a conversation which he once had represent characteristic and valuable aspects with his cousin Paul, the banker. "Schon of our German-Jewish legacy. For him, the son Orphaned at an early age, Karl and his of the Chief Rabbi of Trier, traditional team­ orother Paul had been brought up by their damals antwortete ich Paul, der ein ganz guter ing was an essential basis of his education. On uncle Paul, the banker. The relationship Mensch sein mag, aber gern fuehlen laesst, the other hand, he early felt the attraction between Karl and his uncle was rather strained. wie gut er ist, als er mir einmal, sich in which the study of modem philosophy can One of their disputes arose over the publica­ seinen fuerstlich eingerichteten Zimmem exercise. The inter-relation between these two tion of Felix's letters. Some 30 years back umsehend, sagte : Siehst Du, ich frage mich spheres remained a central problem of his the family had felt much offended by the pub­ manchmal, wie ich zu dem alien herechtigt intellectual development As Rabbi of the bin. Ich antwortete ihm: Die andern fangen Berlin community during the 'thirties he lec­ lication of Zelter's letters to Goethe, which tured on the Philosophy of Religion and its w>ntained a few tasteless remarks. Not sur­ auch schon an, danach zu fragen". (My italics.) classical Jewish representatives at the Rabbi­ prisingly, Paul was now anxious to protect nical Seminary established in 1873 by Esriel Persons still living from a similar experience. The dialogue could hardly have been more Hildesheimer. These years became increasingly °^ides, in view of Wagner's antisemitic significant. But Paul, who, after all, had a time of emergency, but they were also a attacks (which, incidentally, appeared first in initially questioned his own right to such period which stimulated reflection and the 1850, not 1853), he wished to present Felix's wealth \fas no hard-headed businessman. He is search for a new spirit. The collection of y?iage in the best possible light, whereas true to \he family tradition when he writes Franz Rosenzweig's letters was published in Karl's stand was that of the detached historian to Karl: "Denn wenn Du in gewisser Weise 1935 and gave a strong impetus in this direc­ zu beklagen scheinst, dass Dein Vater [FeUx] tion. Altmann took an important part in the who had a different set of priorities. In a work of interpretation; Rosenzweig's para­ jetter his uncle reproached him for publLsh- nichts von der merkantilen Ader van Meyer­ doxical and not very popular thesis of Jewry •ng Felix's account of his visit to Buckingham beer besessen habe, weil er sonst reich standing outside the stream of history, be­ Palace without obtaining Queen Victoria's geworden waere, so halte ich meinerseits dies came his particular concem. Permission. As it happened Paul had already geradezu fuer einen Teil seiner Groesse imd •nade enquiries about this, and the Queen zwar nicht den schlechtesten . . . bei den In 1938, Altmann followed a call from Man­ Verhandlurigen ueber das zur Publication chester to become the Community Rav. In (whose daughter, to make matters worse, was those days, the appointment to such a leading the Crown Princess of Prussia) had explicitly Bestimmte, verfahre in der Groesse Deines post in Anglo-Jewry was exceptional for a f.equested that the letter should not be pub­ Vaters, d.h ohne die Meyerbeersche merkantUe member of our group. Altmann was eager to lished. Ader". transfer something of the spirit of intellectual Gilbert could also have mentioned Berlioz's This is part of the heritage of Moses Mendels­ revival he had shared in Berlin to the new feelings when he read of Felix's derogatory sohn, and it has remained with his descendants and very different environment. He esteb- right into the present century. lished an Institute of Jewish Studies on the ^Pinion of him as a composer—^notwithstanding model of the Frankfurt "Lehrhaus". It was their friendly personal relations. intended to bring scholarship to the layman The book's concluding section contains some DEATH OF PROFESSOR CASSIN for producing a living contact between Jewish ^f the academic correspondence of the two Professor Rene Cassin died in Paris at the past and present. In 1959 the Institute became historians, Karl and Georg, affording interest­ age of 88. He was an eminent jurist of inter­ a part of the Hebrew Department of Univer­ 's information about such matters as appoint- national renown and author of the UN Declara­ sity College London, after Altmann had 'nents of Professors at German Universities in tion on Human Rights. In 1968 he received the accepted a call to fill the professorship of Nobel Prize for Peace for his contributions to Jewish Philosophy at Brandeis University. A the nineteenth century. scholar capable both of analysing the neo­ There was one notorious outsider in the the promotion of humanitarian causes. He was also Honorary President of the Alliance platonic sources of medieval speculation and of fanuiy: Nathan's son, Amold, another of Israelite Universelle. In the First World War discussing the intricacies of modem thought, ''elix's cousins. His experience as a doctor he was wounded and received the Croix de he was the obvious choice for such a post. ^ong the poverty-stricken working class in Guerre. After the war he took up academic As an American professor Altmann con­ °erlin and in the Vogtland (the textile district teaching at Lille, at the Paris Sorbonne and tinued to include in his studies themes rele­ of Saxony) had stirred his social conscience at the Hague Academy. He represented France vant to the intellectual development of ^nd taught him that the workers' sufferings at the Geneva League of Nations from 1924- German Jewry. He investigated the character *ere due to their gross underpayment by the 1938 and at the U.N. from 1946-1951. After the of preaching in the synagogues of the emancir nianufacturers. He soon realised that mere French armistice in 1940, he was the first pation period, considering its form and con­ charity, as meted out by his rich relatives, was civilian to leave Bordeaux and to join De tent and tracing the impact of the German Gaulle in London. The fact that he drew up environment's idealistic movement. The climax ^^t the answer, and he proposed founding an the Charter of the Free French Forces earned of his efforts was the monumental biography institute which would provide work at a living him a death sentence from the Vichy Govern­ of Moses Mendelssohn, published in 1973. Here *age and thus force the employers to act ment. He frequently broadcast on the BBC the image of the Berlin sage was drawn as likewise. Not unexpectedly his uncle Joseph foreign service to France. After the war he the centre of innumerable personal and in­ *amed him of the hostility which such a held various high offices and was made hon­ tellectual relations. A comprehensive and l^heme would encounter, as well as of the orary president of the French Council of penetrating study of the metaphysics of force of market conditions. State. As president of the Alliance Israelite, Enlightenment as the basis of Mendelssohn's Arnold came under the spell of Lassalle— he revived its schools in North Airica, own thought had prepared the way. The Syria and Palestine and dealt with refugee reader obtains the impression that the great ^0 much so that he and a friend stole a cassette problems. pioneer of modern Jewry in the age of Lessing *hich belonged to Count Hatzfeld's mistress, had become a deeply congenial figure to his hoping that its contents would be useful to OuHigtit Purchase historian because Mendelssohn could still sin­ ^salle, who had an affair with the Countess, Of low Cost Rentdl cerely believe that intimate contact with con­ ^^old had to flee, and when, a year later, he Intercom up to temporary thought would not weaken the ^ct foot on Prussian soil again he was arrested 28 points ancient bond of Jewish tradition. *nd brought to trial. versatile Porter Switchboari The congratulations of our group to Pro­ Strings were pulled behind the scenes, with up to 280 fessor Altmann and his family at his anniver­ the result that his father was allowed to bail DOORPHONE sary have a firm foundation in the work he hjm out, on condition that Amold would leave SYSTEMS has done for the understanding of our inheri­ the country for good. The correspondence con- tance and the exi>ectation of further work to ^^ins Nathan's absolute disapproval of his son's come. ^onduct, while Joseph even refused to receive HANS LIEBESCHUETZ ^salle in his house. Amold, who had mean- BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE CAMPS 51 Balalza Squara, London, N.W.I INTERNMENT—P.O.W.— SYNAGOGUE SERVICES FORCED LABOUR—KZ ' wish to buy cards, envelopes and folded post­ are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath marked letters trom all camps of both world wars. and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day Please send, registered maii. stating price, to: PETER C. RICKENBACK at 11 a.m. 14 Rotatyn HIII, London, N.W.3 IIMTERPHONE LTD, ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED Page 8 AJR INFORMATION April 1976

Alfons Rosenberg "THANK-YOU BRITAIN" FUND LECTURES This year's three "Thank-you Britain Fund" AN UNKNOWN RILKE CORRESPONDENCE Lectures were given at the British Academy during the last week of February. Professor More than 2,000 of Rilke's letters have been berg of 1918 reads like a poem in prose: Stuart Hampshire, warden of Wadham College, published. They are an inseparable part of his Ihre grosse Herzwelle ist, wie gestrige Oxford, and at one time head of the Depart­ work. Art, an inimitable style and true feeling Musik, noch ueberall in meinem schwin- ment of Philosophy at Princeton University, combine to make them unique. His corre­ genden Zimmer. Sie haben mirs, liebe U.S.A., read a paper on "Two Theories of spondents are to a somewhat disturbing degree Freimuetige, aus einem teilnahmslosen zu Morality", i.e. on the ethical teaching of ladies of the high and highest society. But in einem ploetzlich herzlichen gemacht; was Aristotle and Spinoza. In his introductory this article I would like to introduce a corre­ doch Menschen aus Arglosigkeit und Freude speech, Sir Isaiah Berlin, president of the spondent who seems to be unknown to students einander geben koennten! British Academy, reminded the audience of Ich stelle mir vor, Sie kommen manchmal, the background of the Fund and stressed the of Rilke's life and work and who yet received wenn Sie etwas Schoenes finden, in sich fact that Professor Hampshire is one of the letters from the poet which are not published Oder in einem Buch, kommen und legen leading British philosophers of our day whose and of more than a purely personal interest. mirs vor: als einem Blinden, da ich doch range of interests is astonishingly wide. He is Margarete Rosenberg was bom in Berlin nicht sehen mag. Wenn ich dann Sie sehe, so well known for his frequent talks on the radio more than 81 years ago. In 1919, she published soils jedesmal wie ein glueckliches Bild which cover a wide variety of philosophical a slim volume of poems called "Neigungen" innen unter sicheren Lidern sein. topics. (reprinted in 1974). But even before she had At that time Henriette was very young, The lectures were indeed an intellectual poems printed in Franz Pfemfert's "Aktion". It meeting such an extraordinary personality feast for anyone with a degree of familiarity was he who gave her the pen name Henriette had made a great impression on her. Her with the basic problems of philosophy. But, Hardenberg. She was married to the writer diary of 1918 was juvenile but a candid and alas, by the third day, there was hardly any­ Alfred Wolfenstein. Through him she met natural expression of her experience: body from the circle of our friends left. I have Rilke in Munich in 1916. For the first time Lieber Himmel, ich will ganz ehrlich sein, since heard so much disappointment expressed Rilke mentions her in a letter to Wolfenstein aber es ist wahr, was ich schildere: Rainer by people who endeavoured and failed to in 1916: Maria Rilke hat mich besucht, und seitdem follow the speaker's closely reasoned argu­ setzen mir meine Blutkoerperchen zu. Bin ments that, with some trepidation, I venture Sie selbst bald wiederzusehen, ist ich behext? Ich sage mir: Er ist zart, so to question the wisdom of the Academy's nicht allein meine Erwartung, ich wuerde sehr zart, aber mit Temperament. Er ist handling of the matter. betruebt sein, wenn es nicht dazu kaeme; nicht einer, der in seiner Feinheit endet, There are some facts to be borne in mind: denn wir haben doch, scheint mir, eine es geht breit aus von ihm, und ich kann nicht anders als an einen Baum denken, der the money eagerly and generously contributed genauere und vielfache Einstellung zuein­ belebend in der Landschaft steht. Und ich to the Fund as an expression of the Refugees' ander, die nicht uebergangen sein duerfte. spuere den Wind darin und die Waerme. In gratitude for the chances of a new life that We are in the midst of the war. Rilke had mein Bewusstsein ist eine Bewegung Britain once offered them, was handed to the just had a spell of military (office) service in gekommen, die mich nicht verlaesst. . . . British Academy to be used at its discretion. Vienna, he had lost his initial enthusiasm for Ich mache ein Gedicht und druecke nicht This has been done during the ten years of aus, was ich will. the Fund's existence, and a number of worth­ the war, was depressed and full of deep fore­ while projects have been furthered by it. Some boding for the future of Europe. He writes And not much later: of the past lectures by eminent speakers were again in 1916: Gestem war ich bei Rilke. Er las mir greatly enjoyed by many of our friends, and in Nicht erst durch Wolfensteins Brief einige Gedichte aus Paris von 1914 vor. Ich general the choice both of topics and speakers diesen Morgen ist's mir zum Vorwurf gewor­ sass in einer Ecke, ihm gegenueber. Mir war has always been an excellent one. To quote den, all diese Wochen war innerst Wunsch nicht mehr wie ein Zimmer um mich, sondem only one example: last year's three lectures by und Mahnung da, Ihren Brief mit den herz­ als waere ich in wirklich schoepfender Robert Blake on the "Office of Prime lichsten Wuenschen zu erwidem und Ihnen Natur. Dass ein Mensch vrie Rilke lebt, ist Minister" have just been published and widely wenigstens dies zu schreiben, wie ganz und wie ein Trost auf viele Wunden, ist acclaimed. gar freudig mir war, meine Sendung so Bntzueckung, wie Fruehling. It must also be remembered that the lec­ beantwortet zu sehen: durch die Nachricht, The following letter was vmtten in Paris in tures form part of the Academy's annual series dass Ihnen ein Sohn gegeben worden ist. 1924. His loneliness in the "tower" of Muzot of lectures for its own members and sup­ Denn dies war im Stillen mein Gedanke, in Switzerland was a greater burden than he porters. Looking through this year's list of als ich mich beim Absenden der beiden was able to carry. The symptons of his grave lectures, however, I can see few less likely Buecher an Sie Beide von Tag zu Tag illness began to disturb him, he fled to Paris to appeal to non-specialists than the ones verspaetete, dass sie schliesslich vielleicht, given by Professor Hampshire, on a level wie wuenschend, zu jenem schoenen Anlass and allowed himself to be submerged in a hectic social life. He tried to be lighthearted: which, to judge by some of the venerable zurecht kommen wuerden. Nun bin ich auch heads nodding in the audience, was too high mit dieser Versicherung verspaetet, so geht Liebe Henriette Hardenberg! for anyone outside that particular field. A es mir jetzt mit allem Naeheren, nie bin ich Herzlich und froh Erinnerte! previous lecture in the series, given by mit meiner Post soweit zurueckgeblieben Was werd ich mich freuen, Sie zu sehen: Richard Wollheim on "The Good and the Bad und am Weitesten hinter dem, was mir, ich komme heute gegen Abend noch einmal Self" and dealing with problems of psychology seinem Wesen nach, am raschesten vom vorbei, um Ihnen die Stunde des Wieder­ and psychoanalysis would, I am sure, have Herzen ginge. Aber es draengt der Tag so sehens vorzuschlagen. attracted a large audience, not lacking in viel Laestiges und Fremdartiges auf, was Danfcbar, ganz und gar, dass Sie sich experts, from among our fnends. abzutun und abzuwehren ist, und indem ich meiner erinnert haben. da einigermassen mir Leistung und Bewael­ Ihr Rilke. As I have stated before, the Fund was tigung abzwin^e, schlaegt die Gehemmtheit It was the last letter Henriette Hardenberg handed to the Academy without anjr strings immer weiter ins Eigne und greift dort um received. Rilke died on December 29, 1926. attached, but if its leaders feel that its spon­ sich. sors should remain involved in the achieve­ ments of the Fund, they should try to find Wir leben in einer immer abgeschnuerteren subjects of a wider general interest even if it Welt, wie oft nachts fallen mir die War­ MEMORIAL MEETING FOR THE MARTYRS means abandoning the idea of having three nungen der alten Maenner aus den nun Sunday, Aprfl 25 lectures instead of one. schon so entlegenen Vorjahren ein. Rodins, der in merkwuerdigen Worten vom Unheil As readers will see from the aimouncement MARGOT POTTLITZER redete, von der Zerstoerung, und immer published in this issue, the Commemoration wieder geht's mir ans Herz, dass der alte Meeting for the 33rd Anniversary of the Cezanne in den naechtlichen Gassen von Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Six Million CBF GRANTS £15,800 Aix ausrief, schrie: C'est terrible, le monde Jewish Martyrs of Nazism will be held on va mal. Sunday, April 25, at 3 p.m., at the Prince of Grants totalling £15,800 have been made Wales Theatre, Coventry Street, London, W.l by the Council of the Central British Fund. Und nun ist's ueber uns, fuer wie lange (not the New London Theatre, as stated in The beneficiaries include Jews in, and coming noch? Nicht ueber Ihnen; denn Sie reichen our March issue). Together with the Polish out of Eastem Europe, transmigrants in Rome durch den Sohn schon wieder in die Hei­ Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Association, the Board to provide them with English classes as well lung hinaus. . . . of Deputies of British Jews, the Zionist as Jews in, and from. North African countries. What has become of this son whose birth Federation and the Association of Jewish Ex- Servicemen and Women, the AJR will, for the seemed a transition from a dark and brutal "CHALLENGE OF THE PAST" world to a world of sanity and light? first time, be one of the sponsoring organisa­ tions. The speakers will be His Grace, The Frank Wolfenstein emigrated first to Pales­ We have been asked to inform readers that Duke of Devonshire and Aid. the Rt. Hon. The the book "Challenge of the Past" (reviewed tine, took part in two wars and lives now in Lord Fisher of Camden. Admission is free. in our January issue) may be ordered from England: the son of two German writers, his For reserved seats stamped and addressed the author. Dr. Frieda H. Sichel, 4E West- birth was hailed by the greatest German poet envelopes should be sent to: The Secretary, brook, Paul Neel Str., Hillbrow, Johannesburg, of his time. Rilke's letter to Henriette Harden­ AJEX, 2 Beaumont Grove, London, E.I. S.A. 2001 (£2 including surface postage). AJR INFORMATION April 1976 Page 9 WORLD CONFERENCE ON RUSSIAN JEWS DEUTSCHE SOZIALVERSICHERUNG Nachentitchtung von Beitraegen The second conference on Soviet Jewry was Soviet system was unable to allow its citizens held in Brussels under the chairmanship of freedom to travel abroad and retum at will Wir haben in unseren Juni und Oktober Mrs. Golda Meir, who declared that the meet­ and said: "As a Socialist who has had that 1975—Ausgaben auf den Ablauf der First am ing was solely concemed with human rights freedom from birth I cannot just stand by 31.12.1975 zur Stellung von Antraegen auf ^d had nothing to do vrith intemational when this same elementary freedom is denied Genehmigung der Nachentrichtung von pohtics. The Soviet Union was called upon to to citizens of the USSR". Beitraegen hingewiesen. Fuer einen Sonderfall free all "Prisoners of Zion", to grant religious Lord Janner and his family also attended gUt dieser Fristablauf jedoch nicht. Frauen, and cultural freedom to Soviet Jews and to the conference and provided both the oldest die waehrend der Nazi-Zeit Sozialversiche­ allow the establishment and maintenance of and the youngest delegates. Lord Janner is 83, rungs-Beitraege anlaesslich ihrer Heirat ties with the rest of the Jewish people. The his granddaughter, Laura, member of a youth American delegate. Senator Frank Church group, is 12. His son, Greville Janner, Q.C., erstattet erhalten haben und selber zur Gruppe from Idaho, told the 1,200 delegates from 32 M.P., led the British delegation, his wife Myra der Verfolgten gehoeren oder Ehefrauen von countries that America expected Russia to represented the "35s" group which fights for Verfolgten sind, steht ein besonderes Nach­ honour all the terms of the Helsinki detente the release of prisoners in Russia. entrichtungsrecht zu. Antraege auf Genehmi­ agreement including the commitment to im­ A motion in the House of Commons, express­ gung dieser Nachentrichtung koennen auch prove and ease travel between nations. The ing the solidarity of the British people vrith jetzt noch gestellt werden. Eine Frist fuer largest delegation, 375 strong, came from the the aims of the conference, attracted over 100 Stellung dieser Antraege ist bisher nicht U.S. and included six members of Congress. signatures of members of all parties. festgesetzt worden. Among the large Israeli delegation were 30 The Chief Rabbi, Dr Jakobovits, has denied former Soviet Jews. an allegation that he was opposed to the con­ Falls die Beitraege seinerzeit von der . A forthright declaration of support was ference. The allegation had been made in the Reichsversicherungsanstalt fuer Angestellte issued by Uie National Interreligious Task Soviet weekly "New Times", the organ of the erstattet wurden, ist der Nachentrichtungs- Force on Soviet Jewry representing Catholics, Soviet Foreign Ministry which appears in eight antrag an die Protestants and Evangelicals in many parts languages, including English and Arabic and Bundesversichenmgsanstalt fuer Angestellte of the world. "This generation of Christians", has a circulation of over a million. Postfach It said, "will not be silent as we raise our 1 Berlin 88 Voices in support of the stmggle to prevent Russian attempts to discredit conference zu richten. the cultural and spiritual annihilation of the Jews in the USSR." Task Force called for the The Russian authorities tried to discredit Falls die Beitraege seinerzeit von einer immediate release of all prisoners of con­ the conference. Letters, allegedly coming from Landesversicherungsanstalt erstattet wurden, science, l30th Jewish and Christian, and urged happy and contented Russian Jews, reached a ist der Nachentrichtungsantrag, falls noch number of newspapers, including the "Times" kein Rentenrecht besteht, an die an end to such "mthless and brutal imprison- and the "Sunday Times". On the other hand, nient." Distinguished scientists from all over the former secretary-general of the British Landesversicherungsanstalt Rheinprovinz the world formed an Intemational Federation Communist Party, Mr. John Gollan, said in a Koenigsallee 71 of Scientific Committees. signed article in "Marxism Today", there were 4 Duesseldorf Bayard Ruskin, an American Negro fighter still "remnants of antisemitism, despite its zu richten. SoUte bereits eine Rentenberechti­ for human rights, declared his solidarity with official condemnation, in the Soviet Union. . . . gung bestehen, ist er an die the Jewish people's striving for freedom and The Soviet Union allows increasing numbers Landesversichemngsanstalt Hamburg sang a Negro spiritual "Let my People Go". of those who wish to emigrate to Israel to do Ueberseering 10 Alan SiUitoe, the non-Jewish English writer, so, although harassment of those wishing to D 2000 Hamburg 60 expressed his keen disappointment that the go, whoever was responsible, has not helped". zu richten.

JUDGEMENT AGAINST FEDERAL POST OFFICE frn In 1972, the German "Action Committee for Jews in the Soviet Union" sent about 3,000 registered letters to Jewish addresses in the USSR. Nearly all of them were confiscated by the Soviet authorities. Early in 1973, a member DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX of the Federal Parliament asked a parliamen­ tary question as to any action by the Federal Government to deal with this infringement of LTD. the World Post Treaty. After lengthy investi­ gations, the Minister for the Postal Services declared that the Post Office would not be liable to pay comi)ensation for the loss of the letters as they had been confiscated because of their i*rovocative contents. Subsequently Mr. Wohlrabe, another member of the Federal Parliament, stated that the Federal Post Office was obviously discriminating against Jewish citizens by accepting the arguments put for­ ward by the Russian authorities. The letters contained the U.N. Declaration of Human Dunbee House Rights of December 19, 1948, the intemational U.N. agreement against racial discrimination in French and English, the U.N. Charter in 117 Great Portland Street, Russian, and a Hebrew primer. The Post Office Users Council and a number of other Jewish and non-Jewish organisations lodged a protest London, W.l against the Minister's attitude and eventually sued the Federal Post. The Frankfurt County Court fined the Post Office £200 with interest since 1972, stating that the USSR could not at the same time be a member of the U.N. and look upon its Charter as a provocative docu­ ment. Tel: 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS TELEX. 53/79HighgateRoail, London, NWS 1RR Always Interested in purchasing well-preserved instruments. INT. TELEX 2-3540 Choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Wines JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. 142 Edgware Road, W^ Tel.: 723 8818/9 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION April 1976

TUCHOLSKY EXEmiTION IN THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS GERMAN LIBRARY The German Library in Frankfurt, the central library of the Federal Republic, held an Berlin-London. The Schillertheater will visit OSKAR KOKOSCHKA 90 exhibition "Kurt Tucholsky 1935-1975" during London this month and make its home at Oskar Kokoschka was bom in Pochlam, February. In April it will be followed by an the Royal Court, Sloane Square, where exhibition "Austrians in Exile 1934-1945", the Austria, 90 years ago. His painting and writ­ material for which was provided by the docu­ Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" will be given ings helped to establish the Expressionist mentary archive of the Austrian Resistance in in a German translation. school, though his art was more universal. He lived and worked in Dresden until the advent Vienna. E.G.L. Berlin. Public attention centred on "Clar­ of the Nazis who immediately directed their WORKS OF EAST GERMAN ARTISTS ON ence Darrow" ("Im Zweifel fur den Ange­ attacks against what they called his degen­ klagten"), a solicitor's monologue. The part erate art. He emigrated to London via Prague EXHIBITION was taken by Curd Juergens still a great and spent the war- and first post-war years in In Mareh an exhibition in Bonn displayed favourite with Berlin theatre-goers. London where he was widely acclaimed. Since some works from the collections of the Regens­ 1953 he has been living in Villeneuve on Lake burg "East German Gallery" which since 1967 Vienna. In a new production of Goethes' Geneva where many of his greatest works has collected the work of artists who used to "Faust I" at the "Burg" Maresa Horbiger (the were painted. In 1973 he visited Israel and live and work in East Germany. It comprises youngest Wessely-Horbiger daughter) will produced his famous "Jerusalem Faces", litho­ paintings by Lesser Ury, Eugen Spiro, Ludwig play Gretchen—Lwise Ullrich can be seen in graphs of prominent personalities including Meidner, Emil Orlik, Max Liebermann and "Jane", a comedy based on a Somerset both Golda Meir and the Patriarch of Jeru­ Charlotte Berend-Corinth. Maugham novel, played by the "Josefstadt" salem which were sold in aid of the "Jerusa­ GENEROUS DONATION FOR OLD AGE Ensemble. lem Foundation". HOME Memories. The Westberliner Volksbiihne Twenty of his oil paintings (dated 1923- The Israeli Consul in Gibraltar and the prepares "Madchen in Uniform". Everyone 1968) will be on show at the London Marl­ president of the Munich Jewish community recollects the 1931 film version with Hertha borough Galleries, until April 10th. have succeeded in obtaining a donation of Thiele and Ellen Schwannecke. The headmis­ about £200,000 from the Chellaram (Hong "VOYAGE OF THE DAMNED" Kong) Foundation for the building of a new tress (Oberin) will once more be played by TO BE FILMED Dorothea Wieck, who created the part some Jewish old age home in Munich. 45 years ago! At Elstree Studios, a film is being made based on the book "Voyage of the Damned", GERMAN DONATION FOR ORT Paul Lincke is the hero of a little illus­ by Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan-Witts, The Federal Government allocated an trated book which deals with the Berlin which deals with the fate of the Hapag ship, amount of DM500,000 for Ort schools and operetta. The author is Otto Schneidereit, "St. Louis" and its passengers (reviewed in training centres in India. One-third of this seemingly quite experienced in the field of our February, 1975, issue). Among the actors amount is to establish scholarships for boys and this type of music, who in his own light- are Orson Welles, Max von Sydow, James girls in Bombay technical schools, the remain­ hearted way calls Berlin a musical kingdom Mason, Sam Wanamaker, Wendy Hiller, Julie der is to be used to provide machinery and Harris, Janet Suzman and many other stars. books and to set up a special technical school where "King Paul" ruled together vnth "Frau Rabbi Maurice Landy, minister of the Crickle­ for girls. The Jewish community in Bombay, Luna" his undisputed queen. wood Synagogue, acts as adviser on matters of established in the eighteenth century, has about S.B. ritual. 11,000 members.

FAMILY EVENTS Neuweck. — Miss Ruth Rosa SURREY AREAS near Richmond/ A NEWCOMER to this country, Entries in the column Family Neuweck of 35 Greencroft Gar­ Kew/Wimbledon, also Hammer­ female in the wrong end of forties, dens, London, N.W.6, passed away smith and Putney areas : Lady, car very active, good cook, youthful, Events are free of charge. Texts on Febmary 29. Moumed by her owner available for shopping, cheerful, independent means, well should be sent in by the 15th of many friends. cooking, companionship. Would educated, stimulating herself, seeks the month. Sondheim.—On Febmary 3 after use car for outings, transport, 3-4 equally stimulating male com­ a long illness Use Sondheim (nee hours per day, Mondays to Fridays. panion. Perhaps professional or Marriage Hamberger), aged 44, dearly loved Please contact AJR Employment otherwise, likewise interested in Fabian-Stone. — Paul Fabian to wife of Walter, and mother of Agency, 01-624 4449. art and music. Box 566. Lynda Stone on March 14 at St. Sonia, Peter and Martin. MIDDLE-AGED WIDOW, with John's Wood Synagogue, London, ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, CLASSIFIED etc., undertaken by ladies on our nice home, would Hke to meet a N.W.8. widower (without dependants) The charge in these columns is register. Phone AJR Employment Deaths Agency, 01-624 4449. for companionship—marriage con­ Boldes. — Miss Martha Boldes, 15p for five words. sidered. Box 567. oldest Jewish refugee from Glogau, Situations Vacant NURSING COMPANION. Continen­ WIDOW, lively, intelligent, inde­ tal lady, German-speaking, seeks pendent means, would like to a 13 years' resident of Leo Baeck GERMAN/ENGLISH secretary re­ non-residential position. Also night House, peacefully died in her sleep quired by intemational lawyer. duty and as travelling companion. meet gentleman, preferably be­ on Febmary 11/12, aged 87. Sadly Shorthand essential. Salary by Box 563. tween 55 and 60, for companion­ missed by all who knew her. arrangement. Apply by telephone ship. Manchester area. Box 568. 01-328 2700 (office) or 01-205 5705. Accommodation Vacant WIDOWER, own home, indepen­ Feiner.—Miss Bertl Feiner passed REQUIRED. OCCASIONAL SEC­ dent means, many interests, no away peacefully on March 2. RETARIAL WORK in English and PROFESSIONAL WOMAN offers family, wishes to meet lady also Deeply moumed by her relatives German. Applicant should prefer­ accommodation in flat, Hampstead independent for companionship, and a large circle of very devoted ably be resident in St. John's district. Bed-sitting room, dining/ aged about 65. Please reply with friends. She will never be for­ kitchen, own toilet, sharing bath. Wood or Swiss Cottage area. Tel.: Box 571. telephone number to Box 569. gotten. 01-722 8897 or 01-586 2363. GENTLEMAN, own home on Essex Frank. — Dr. Ludwig Frank died Accommodation Wanted coast, would like to hear from lady, Women late thirties or early forties, with peacefully on Febmary 25, aged WIDOW, 50, PROFESSIONAL, 91, at his home 8/119 Hamilton THE AJR EMPLOYMENT view of friendship only. London or AGENCY needs ladies for dress wants to share flat with lady, (Cen­ Terrace, London, N.W.8, following tral or N.W. London. Box 564. Essex, Box 570. a long illness. Sadly missed by his alterations and mending who would wife, family and friends. be prepared to collect and deliver MisceUaneous ATTRACTIVE LADY, late fifties, work/do fittings at clients' homes. without any ties, would like to Furcht. — Dr. Margarete Furcht Please contact Mrs. Casson, 01-624 WANTED JUDAICA, paintings, meet retired, healthy, active gentle­ (formerly Vienna) died on Feb­ 4449. engravings, prints, chanucah lamps, man without ties, non-smoker, who ruary 12. Mourned by her dearest rings, old items of Jewish interest. is prepared to spend part of the friend, Hilda Weis. She was the Situations Wanted Mr. R. Kirson, 16 Arandel Road, winter in a warmer climate, per­ first woman physicist in Austria. LADIES AVAILABLE for shop­ Croydon, Surrey. Tel: 01-689 3568 haps settle there, or at the South ping, cooking, companionship, light after 7 p.m, Coast. Box 572. Galewski. — Mrs. Ilse Galewski attendance duties for at least 3 REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- (nee Dienstfertig) died on Feb­ hours per day up to 5 days per ADDRESSES WANTED mary 11. Deeply moumed by her week. Telephone: AJR Employ­ CURIST. Will visit your home. daughters and other family. ment Agency, 01-624 4449 and find 01-445 2915. AJR Enquiries out whether we know of someone Natt.—Mrs. Clara Natt (nee Bisch­ Personal Sinai.—Mr Jacob Sinai, last known in your area or in easy reach by address: 124 Heywood Road, Prest­ heim) formerly Frankf urt/Main, bus or tube. WHICH INTELLIGENT YOUNG of 5 Dingwall Gardens, London, MAN, possible professional, seri­ wich, Manchester 25 5LEV. N W.ll, passed away peacefully at TWO HUNGARIAN LADIES, very ously interested in marriage, would Buchholz.—Mrs. I. Buchholz, last home on March 13 in her 87th good cooks available for parties. like to meet our very attractive known address Via Riviera 22, year. Deeply moumed by her lov­ AJR Emplojrment Agency, phone and well-educated daughter of 32, 6976 Castagnola, Lugano, Switzer­ ing family and friends. 01-624 4449. who studied for 3 years. Box 565. land. AJR INFORMATION April 1976 Page 11

MRS. CAROLA JAEGER Mrs. (3arola Jaeger, n6e Vater, died on IN MEMORIAM February 14 in London, only four months after the death of her deeply mourned husband, HANS BLUMENAU HILDE WALTER Hans Jaeger. It is announced with regret that Mr. Hans The journalist Hilde Walter recently died in She was IKHH in 1890 in Frankfurt/Main, Blumenau died on February 24, at the age of Berlin in her 81st year. Before 1933, she 86 years ago. One of her grandmothers, 79. His name is inseparably linked with the regularly wrote for various German papers, Rebekkah Stem, was Jewish. After receiving a history of the first home for elderly refugees. especially the Berliner Tageblatt and the good education, Carola studied music at the Otto Schiff House. He was the chairman of Weltbuehne. She emigrated first to France and Conservatory and as a very young war widow the Home's house committee from its founda­ later to the U.S. In 1952 she returned to Ger­ (1914), supported her two children by teach­ tion in 1955 and held this office until he re­ many. Hilde Walter was also actively asso­ ing singing and the piano. signed in 1967. ciated with the editorship of two post-war In 1920 she married Hans Jaeger. Right •\s Otto Schiff House was the first home works by Annedore Leber published in from the very beginning she wholeheartedly established out of the heirless and former memory of the victims of Nazi persecution, shared her husband's interests as a politician communal Jewish property in Germany, the "Das Gewissen entscheidet — Bereiche des and journalist. She followed him with enthu­ initial work could not be based on previous deutschen Widerstandes 1933-1945" (1957) siasm wherever his professional demands led experience, and there were unavoidably quite and "Doch das Zeugnis lebt fort—Der juedische him. They were inseparable. a few teething troubles. If they were over­ Beitrag zu unserm Leben". (EGL) Because of their political views they had come within a comparatively short period it to leave Germany early in 1933. Six years later, was in the first place due to his organisational MINISTERIALRAT MARTIN ALTERTHUM they crossed on foot into Poland, again leaving abilities and human understanding. Ministerialrat i.R. Martin Alterthum died in everything they possessed behind them. They Like several other leading AJR members Tel Aviv in his 89th year. He was chairman finally arrived in England in March, 1939. who devote their spare time to the homes, he (and later hon. chairman) of the Federation During those early days in this country combined his responsible honorary office with of former German civil servants and Jewish Carola helped Hans to eke out a living by heavy duties as the head of a steadily expand­ communal officials and also took an active working long hours making (children's gar­ ing business concem. Originating from the part in the work of the Organisation of Jews ments at home. Soon they were surrounded firm of Lobbenberg and Blumenau in Cologne, from Central Europe in Israel and other again by their old friends from the Continent. founded by his and his partner's fathers, the organisations built up by Central European They were introduced into the Club 1943, where enterprise, now working under the name immigrants. Until 1933 he was Landgerichts­ they found a congenial, spiritual home. Work­ Silhouette Ltd., is one of the leaders in its direktor in Dessau and official of the Ministry ing together for the development of the Club, field. It should not be forgotten either that, of Justice of Anhalt. From 1934 onwards, he broadening its range of interests, ttiey created especially during the first years, they pro­ was in charge of the Social Department of the the high standard for which the Club has vided work for many refugees who had Jewish community of Leipzig. After his libera­ become known all over the world. arrived in this country without money or any tion from Buchenwald, he went to Palestine. Carola was a silent partner, but her devo­ special skills. tion to her husband's well-being, and the friend­ At Otto Schiff House Hans Blumenau suc­ ARTHUR OWEN ship which she extended to all the people ceeded in establishing a close relationship with Mr. Arthur Owen who came from the dear to him, made her contribution invaluable. the staff and the residents, and always proved Nuremberg neighbourhood, has died in London During his last illness she nursed him, heroic­ capable of smoothing out any difficulties aris­ at the age of 74. He had been a member of ally sacrificing her own strength and endur­ ing in the course of the work. Under his the B'nai B'rith Lodge in Germany since ance and disregarding her own disease. guidance the house committee became a team 1925 and after coming to England m 1933 Looking back at the past during the last of friends, all of whom had deep feelings of joined the Fisrst Lodge of England. From 1937- days of her life, Carola summed it up by say­ affection for him, last but not least, on 39 he served on the childrens' care committee ing "we had a difficult, but a very interesting account of his "Koelsch" sense of humour. He which tried to bring over children from Ger­ life, and it has been fulfilled". She died peace- many. In 1956 he joined the Leo Baeck Lodge held the reins for 12 years, and during the *"^y- BERTHA STERLY same period was also an active member of of which he was president from 1959-62 and in 1964. the AJR Executive where his counsel was DR JULIUS JAKOBOVITS greatly valued. Notwithstanding his many duties he had MRS. BESSY EMANUEL Dr, Julius Jakobovits, a founder and later the capacity to relax. He loved travelling, en- Mrs. Bessy Emanuel of Hove died recently president of the Federation of Hungarian .ioyed music and his main hobbies were paint­ at the age of 83. Before and during the war Jews, died on March 6 at the age of 82. He ing and drawing. she looked after many refugees who had come came to this country in the 'thirties. During He will be remembered by his numerous to Brighton. Being herself of German-Jewish the war, he founded the Kadimah Society former fellow workers and his friends with origin she had a particular understanding for and, in the 'fifties, the Federation also lent his gratitude and affection.—W.R. their needs. support to the AJiR,

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knovm Charles since 1950, my partner having been a PoW with him. Letters to the Editor Charles is now over 70 and has a severe respiratory problem, preventing him from CALL FOR VOLUNTARY HELP a short report of Mr. Larsen's remarks at last walking very far. year's AJR General Meeting no mention has Sir,—I have recently made enquiries about ever been made in AJR Information about the I am sure he would welcome contact with the number of residents of Old Age Homes, seriousness of the financial situation of the some of the people he assisted during that who are visited rarely or not at all by rela­ Wiener Library and the scheme to remove it terrible period. I would su.ggest initially by tions and friends. There are quite a number letter to enable him to plan any personal to Tel Aviv. visits or invitations. His address is: Charles of them, and this is surely an area where The secrecy surrounding this plan to whisk many AJR members could and would like to Coward, 133 Chichester Road, Edmonton, away from this country what is, perhaps, the London, N.O. be of immediate assistance. There are also a most valuable contribution by the remnants number of isolated people, living in their own of German Jewry to the cultural life of Great May I respectfully request you to make this homes, many of whom would like a friend to Britain is little short of a scandal. It shows known through your paper so that he unll talk to at fairly regular intervals. sMch a lack of responsibility by the self- know he has not been forgotten. What is important is for a person-to-person appointed representatives of former German Tel. (private): 444 9632. BEN MASON relationship to be built up, and we would like Jewry in this country to our cultural heritage Member of the Greater to hear from volunteers who are ready to try and such lack of feeling of gratitude towards London Council for Enfield this on a sustained long-term basis. Stich this country—which helped to save the Library Members' Lobby, The County Hall, relcAionships are not easy and are not neces­ from the Nazis during the war—that it is London SEI 7PB. sarily established between any two people— difficult for us to find suitable words of protest it is often a matter of trial and error and particularly after the debacle of the ill-fated CAMPS IN NAZI-OCCUPIED EUROPE trying again with someone else. We are talk­ "Thank-You-Britain Fund". ing of a real friendship not a do-gooding Lord Sir,—I noted your references to my article or Lady Bountiful attitude and certainly not As members and supporters of the AJR we in the October, 1975 issue ("New Perspectives social work. call upon you to publish a full and frank of the Pasif') after you had referred to a book report on the lohole matter giving the whole which you state "throws new light on some Whether your readers or members of their truth and nothing but the truth about the points raised in that article". So far as I can families could help on weekly, two-weekly or future of the Wiener Library and its chances make out from your summary and quotes, this even a monthly basis is not important as long to remain in this country in the next available "Ghetto Chronicle" does not seem to do so. as they are prepared to stand by any arrange­ issue of AJR Information. We need not repeat ments they make vnth their "adoptive" friend. Your correspondent writes: "There was no that the Wiener Library is of great interest Allied bomb attack on the (Lodz) camp, as Would any interested members contact me not only to the Jewish -public but to innumer­ alleged in the article". No such thing was in in the first place at the AJR Office, 8 Fairfax able people interested in the fight against fact alleged. I quoted from a recent British Mansions, N.W.3 (Tel: 624 9096/7). Nazism, Fascism and racism and in recent antisemitic pamphlet by one calling himself (Mrs.) SHIRLEY TAUSSIG German and Central European history "Harwood", and what I wrote was this: "He General Secretary, AJR We feel that if the necessary efforts were claimed that 'no gas chambers existed in the made in public sufficient support could be camps of Germany' " ("Harwood's" allegation), WIENER LIBRARY found to retain the Library in Britain where it to which I added: "implying that none existed belongs and to prevent its removal to Tel Aviv in any German controlled territory". I was of Sir,—The undersigned members of the AJR where by the nature of things it can only be course thinking of all the territories, mainly and of the PEN Centre of German-speaking of marginal interest. in Ea.stern Europe, over which, in one form Writers Abroad would like to refer to Dr. F. HELLENDALL H. G. ALEXANDER or another, Germany had control. Hellendall's letter to you dated September 5, While surprised at this misreading of my 1975, regarding the Wiener Library. ARNO REINFRANK PETER URY GABRIELE TERGIT A. APFEL article, I wonder whether the "announcement Recently Dr. H. G. Adler and Dr. HellendaU in German and Hebrew" to which you refer had a long conversation with the former Chair­ EGON LARSEN HELEN ROSENAU-CARMI (We shall revert to this matter in this joumal was not more likely in German and Yiddish. man of the Wiener Library, Mr. D. F. Kessler, C. C, ARONSFELD in which it was disclosed that there is in at the earliest possible opportunity.—^The Ed, J 19 Thurlby Close, existence a binding contract unth Tel Aviv Kenton Road, Harrow, Middx, University which provides inter alia for the "RIGHTEOUS GENTILE" FROM AUSCHWITZ removal of the Library to Tel Aviv by 1980. On the same occasion Mr. Kessler also men­ GALINSKI CRITICISES OLYMPIC Sir,—In your January edition you published COMMITTEE tioned that in July, 1974, a long letter about a report of the Enfield Anglo-Israel Friendship the fate of the Wiener Library appeared in League's meeting, where the guest speaker The head of the Berlin Jewish community, the Jevrish Chronicle signed by four prominent was Charles Coward, who as a British prisoner Mr. Heinz Galinski, regretted in a letter to the members of the Executive Committee of the of war in Auschwitz assisted in the escape of president of the German Olympic Committee, Library and he was surprised that no reference nearly 400 Jews. Mr. Willi Daume, that the German Committee was made to it in AJR Information although As vice-chairman of the League and had not insisted on remembering the victims you have an arrangement to reprint material organiser of the meeting I was allowed to take of the 1972 Munich Olympic murders during from the Jewish Chronicle. Thus, apart from the chair, coupled with the fact that I have this year's winter Olympics at Innsbruck.

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