Journal of Muslims in Europe 5 (2016) 87-105 brill.com/jome Religion and Diaspora: Islam as Ancestral Heritage in Mauritius Patrick Eisenlohr Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
[email protected] Abstract Orientation towards a point of political and historical allegiance outside the bound- aries of the nation-state is often taken to be a defining quality of diasporas, and this aligns with the ubiquitous tendency of Islamic practice to engage with sources of long- distance, or indeed global, religious authority. In this article, I shall investigate the dimensions of religious and political long-distance allegiances by analysing Mauritian Muslims as a diasporic formation. Looking at debates between proponents of Barelwi, Deobandi and Salafi traditions of Islam and disagreements between Urdu and Arabic as ‘ancestral languages’, I show the malleability of diasporic orientations manifest in such ‘ancestral culture’. This is not just a matter of theological contestation, but represents forms of belonging driven by local politics in a context where the state privileges the engagement with major, standardised forms of religious tradition as ancestral heritage. Keywords Islam – Mauritius – South Asia – heritage – citizenship Anthropology of Islam and the Notion of Diaspora Moving beyond older dichotomies of ‘folk’ or ‘tribal’ against ‘scriptural’ or ‘urban’ Islam (Gellner, 1981; Geertz, 1968), in recent decades anthropologists have problematised the opposition of local versus universal Islam (Bowen, 1992, 1993; Varisco, 2005). Recognising Islam as a profoundly trans-local, indeed global, religious tradition that at the same time is deeply embedded in a diver- sity of cultural contexts, they have turned their attention to the forms and © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/22117954-12341320 88 Eisenlohr practices that mediate between the trans-local and the local in lived Islam.