HAPTER Head OVERVIEW / 822 ■ TABLE 7.5
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The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications
animals Review The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications Matilde Lombardero 1,*,† , Mario López-Lombardero 2,†, Diana Alonso-Peñarando 3,4 and María del Mar Yllera 1 1 Unit of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 2 Engineering Polytechnic School of Gijón, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Veterinary Clinic Villaluenga, calle Centro n◦ 2, Villaluenga de la Sagra, 45520 Toledo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-982-822-333 † Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Simple Summary: The small size of the feline mandible makes its manipulation difficult when fixing dislocations of the temporomandibular joint or mandibular fractures. In both cases, non-invasive techniques should be considered first. When not possible, fracture repair with internal fixation using bone plates would be the best option. Simple jaw fractures should be repaired first, and caudal to rostral. In addition, a ventral approach makes the bone fragments exposure and its manipulation easier. However, the cat mandible has little space to safely place the bone plate screws without damaging the tooth roots and/or the mandibular blood and nervous supply. As a consequence, we propose a conceptual model of a mandibular prosthesis that would provide biomechanical Citation: Lombardero, M.; stabilization, avoiding any unintended (iatrogenic) damage to those structures. -
Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
Why Fuse the Mandibular Symphysis? a Comparative Analysis
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 112:517–540 (2000) Why Fuse the Mandibular Symphysis? A Comparative Analysis D.E. LIEBERMAN1,2 AND A.W. CROMPTON2 1Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, and Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 2Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 KEY WORDS symphysis; mammals; primates; electromyograms; mandible; mastication ABSTRACT Fused symphyses, which evolved independently in several mammalian taxa, including anthropoids, are stiffer and stronger than un- fused symphyses. This paper tests the hypothesis that orientations of tooth movements during occlusion are the primary basis for variations in symph- yseal fusion. Mammals whose teeth have primarily dorsally oriented occlusal trajectories and/or rotate their mandibles during occlusion will not benefit from symphyseal fusion because it prevents independent mandibular move- ments and because unfused symphyses transfer dorsally oriented forces with equal efficiency; mammals with predominantly transverse power strokes are predicted to benefit from symphyseal fusion or greatly restricted mediolateral movement at the symphysis in order to increase force transfer efficiency across the symphysis in the transverse plane. These hypotheses are tested with comparative data on symphyseal and occlusal morphology in several mammals, and with kinematic and EMG analyses of mastication in opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and -
Identification Notes &~@~-/~: ~~*~@~,~ 'PTILE
CATEGORY Identification Notes &~@~-/~: ~~*~@~,~ ‘PTILE for wildlife law enforcement ~ C.rnrn.n N.rn./s: Al@~O~, c~~~dil., ~i~.xl, Gharial PROBLEM: Skulls of Crocodilians are often imported as souvenirs. nalch (-”W 4(JI -“by ieeth ??la&ularJy+i9 GUIDE TO PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF CROCODILL4N SKULLS 1. Nasal bones separated from nasal aperture; mandibular symphysis extends to the 15th tooth. 2. Gavialis gangeticus Nasal bones entering the nasal aperture; mandibular symphysisdoes not extend beyond the8th tooth . Tomistoma schlegelii 2. Nasal bones separated from premaxillary bones; 27 -29maxi11aryteeth,25 -26mandibularteeth Nasal bones in contact with premaxillaq bo Qoco@khs acutus teeth, 18-19 mandibular teeth . Tomiitomaschlegelii 3. Fourth mandibular tooth usually fitting into a notch in the maxilla~, 16-19 maxillary teeth, 14-15 mandibular teeth . .4 Osteolaemus temaspis Fourth mandibular tooth usually fitting into a pit in the maxilla~, 14-20 maxillary teeth, 17-22 mandibular teeth . .5 4. Nasal bones do not divide nasal aperture. .. CrocodylW (12 species) Alligator m&siss@piensh Nasalboncx divide nasal aperture . Osteolaemustetraspk. 5. Nasal bones do not divide nasal aperture. .6 . Paleosuchus mgonatus Bony septum divides nasal aperture . .. Alligator (2 species) 6. Fiveteethinpremaxilla~ bone . .7 . Melanosuchus niger Four teeth in premaxillary bone. ...Paleosuchus (2species) 7. Vomerexposed on the palate . Melanosuchusniger Caiman crocodiles Vomer not exposed on palate . ...”..Caiman (2species) Illustrations from: Moo~ C. C 1921 Me&m, F. 19S1 L-.. Submitted by: Stephen D. Busack, Chief, Morphology Section, National Fish& Wildlife Forensics LabDate submitted 6/3/91 Prepared in cooperation with the National Fkh & Wdlife Forensics Laboratoy, Ashlar@ OR, USA ‘—m More on reverse side>>> IDentMcation Notes CATEGORY: REPTILE for wildlife law enforcement -- Crocodylia II CAmmom Nda Alligator, Crocodile, Caiman, Gharial REFERENCES Medem, F. -
Illustrated Review of the Embryology and Development of the Facial
REVIEW ARTICLE Illustrated Review of the Embryology and Development of the Facial Region, Part 2: Late Development of the Fetal Face and Changes in the Face from the Newborn to Adulthood P.M. Som and T.P. Naidich ABSTRACT SUMMARY: The later embryogenesis of the fetal face and the alteration in the facial structure from birth to adulthood have been reviewed. Part 3 of the review will address the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the changes described in parts 1 and 2. art 1 of this 3-part review primarily dealt with the early em- first make contact, each is completely covered by a homoge- Pbryologic development of the face and nasal cavity. Part 2 will neous epithelium. A special epithelium arises at the edge of discuss the later embryonic and fetal development of the face, and each palatal shelf, facilitating the eventual fusion of these changes in facial appearance from neonate to adulthood will be shelves. The epithelium on the nasal cavity surface of the palate reviewed. will differentiate into columnar ciliated epithelium. The epi- thelium on the oral cavity side of the palate will differentiate Formation of the Palate into stratified squamous epithelium. Between the sixth and 12th weeks, the palate is formed from 3 The 2 palatal shelves also fuse with the triangular primary pal- primordia: a midline median palatine process and paired lateral ate anteromedially to form a y-shaped fusion line. The point of palatine processes (Fig 1). In the beginning of the sixth week, fusion of the secondary palatal shelves with the primary palate is merging of the paired medial nasal processes forms the intermax- marked in the adult by the incisive foramen. -
Variation in Chin and Mandibular Symphysis Size and Shape in Males and Females: a CT-Based Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Variation in Chin and Mandibular Symphysis Size and Shape in Males and Females: A CT-Based Study Tatiana Sella Tunis 1,2,3,* , Israel Hershkovitz 1,2 , Hila May 1,2, Alexander Dan Vardimon 3, Rachel Sarig 2,3,4 and Nir Shpack 3 1 Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; [email protected] (I.H.); [email protected] (H.M.) 2 Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; [email protected] 3 Department of Orthodontics, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; [email protected] (A.D.V.); [email protected] (N.S.) 4 Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +972-3-640-7310 Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 11 June 2020; Published: 14 June 2020 Abstract: The chin is a unique anatomical landmark of modern humans. Its size and shape play an important role from the esthetic perspective. However, disagreement exists in the dental and anthropological literature regarding the sex differences in chin and symphysis morphometrics. The “sexual selection” theory is presented as a possible reason for chin formation in our species; however, many other contradictory theories also exist. -
Median Occipital Fossa: Is It Really a Sign of Crime Or Simply an Anatomical Variant?
IJAE Vol. 124, n. 1: 104-106, 2019 ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY Letter - Basic and Applied Anatomy Median occipital fossa: is it really a sign of crime or simply an anatomical variant? Domenico Chirchiglia1,*, Pasquale Chirchiglia1, Rosa Marotta2 Departments of 1Neurosurgery and 2Health Sciences, University Of Catanzaro, Italy Abstract Anatomical variants are alterations of the form, thickness, length, width, position of organs and anatomic structures that can cause problems of a functional nature. They can be vascular, bony, muscular and more. They represent anomalies that may cause disturbances or do not cause changes in functions. The criminologist Cesare Lombroso had correlated the anatomical varia- tions to the criminal tendency. The most emblematic case was that related to the alleged brig- and Villella, on which Lombroso, performing the autopsy, found in the skull the so-called medi- al occipital fossa or a third dimple. He stated that the median occipital dimple was considered a sign of atavism, the expression of the criminal. In fact all the anatomical variants described by Lombroso are variations of normality. No one ever said that anatomical variants were a sign of crime. In conclusion, anatomical variants cannot be related to crime tendency, therefore the debated median occipital fossa is only and simply an anatomical variant. Key words Anatomy, anatomical variants, median occipital fossa, Cesare Lombroso. Dear Editor, The occipital bone is the main bone of the occiput, lower part of the skull. It is trapezoidal in shape and overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. The base of the skull in the occipital bone contains the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. -
Dr. Hassna B. Jawad Cranial Cavity
Dr. Hassna B. Jawad Cranial cavity At the end of the lecture you should be able to: *Identify the anterior ,middle and posterior cranial fossa *Identify the foramen of the base of skull and the structures passed through it The inside view of cranium is known as cranial cavity. The cranial cavity is divided 2 parts: A. Calveria : lies superior and contains the following structures: -sulcus for superior sagittal sinus • -granular foveola • -arterial grooves • B. The base of the skull ( floor ) which consists of three fossae: 1. Anterior cranial fossa which accommodates the frontal lobe of brain. 2. Middle cranial fossa, much wider than the anterior cranial fossa contain the 2 temporal lobes of brain. 3. Posterior cranial fossa is much shallower and wider than the middle cranial fossa and it accommodates the cerebellum. .1 Anterior Cranial Fossa: .2 Is a depression in the floor of the cranial vault which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain. It is formed by the following bones: 1.Orbital plates of the frontal bone. .3 2.The cribriform plate of ethmoid bone. .4 3.The lesser wings and the front of the body of sphenoid bone. .5 1 Dr. Hassna B. Jawad Boundaries: .6 1.Anteriorly and laterally by the inner surface of the frontal bone. .7 In the midline there is a crest for the attachment of the falx cerebri. .8 2.Posteriorly is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone with anterior clinoid process and .9 the groove of optic chiasma. The middle part of anterior cranial fossa is limited posteriorly by the groove for the optic .11 chiasma. -
Duplication of Falx Cerebelli, Occipital Sinus, and Internal Occipital Crest
Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 2009, 50(1):107–110 ORIGINAL PAPER Duplication of falx cerebelli, occipital sinus, and internal occipital crest SUJATHA D’COSTA, A. KRISHNAMURTHY, S. R. NAYAK, SAMPATH MADHYASTA, LATHA V. PRABHU, JIJI P. J, ANU V. RANADE, MANGALA M. PAI, RAJANIGANDHA VADGAONKAR, C. GANESH KUMAR, RAJALAKSHMI RAI Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Abstract The incidence of variations of falx cerebelli was studied in 52 adult cadavers of south Indian origin, at Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, after removal of calvaria. In eight (15.4%) cases, we observed duplicated falx cerebelli along with duplicated occipital sinus and internal occipital crest. The length and the distance between each of the falces were measured. The mean length of the right falces cerebelli was 38 mm and the left was 41 mm. The mean distance between these two falces was 20 mm. No marginal sinus was detected. Each of the falces cerebelli had distinct base and apex and possessed a distinct occipital venous sinus on each attached border. These sinuses were noted to drain into the left and right transverse sinus respectively. After detaching the dura mater from inner bony surface of the occipital bone, it was noted that there were two distinct internal occipital crests arising and diverging inferiorly near the posterolateral borders of foramen magnum. The brain from these cadavers appeared grossly normal with no defect of the vermis. Neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists should be aware of such variations, as these could be potential sources of hemorrhage during suboccipital approaches or may lead to erroneous interpretations of imaging of the posterior cranial fossa. -
Axial Skeleton 214 7.7 Development of the Axial Skeleton 214
SKELETAL SYSTEM OUTLINE 7.1 Skull 175 7.1a Views of the Skull and Landmark Features 176 7.1b Sutures 183 7.1c Bones of the Cranium 185 7 7.1d Bones of the Face 194 7.1e Nasal Complex 198 7.1f Paranasal Sinuses 199 7.1g Orbital Complex 200 Axial 7.1h Bones Associated with the Skull 201 7.2 Sex Differences in the Skull 201 7.3 Aging of the Skull 201 Skeleton 7.4 Vertebral Column 204 7.4a Divisions of the Vertebral Column 204 7.4b Spinal Curvatures 205 7.4c Vertebral Anatomy 206 7.5 Thoracic Cage 212 7.5a Sternum 213 7.5b Ribs 213 7.6 Aging of the Axial Skeleton 214 7.7 Development of the Axial Skeleton 214 MODULE 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM mck78097_ch07_173-219.indd 173 2/14/11 4:58 PM 174 Chapter Seven Axial Skeleton he bones of the skeleton form an internal framework to support The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skele- T soft tissues, protect vital organs, bear the body’s weight, and ton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed help us move. Without a bony skeleton, we would collapse into a of the bones along the central axis of the body, which we com- formless mass. Typically, there are 206 bones in an adult skeleton, monly divide into three regions—the skull, the vertebral column, although this number varies in some individuals. A larger number of and the thoracic cage (figure 7.1). The appendicular skeleton bones appear to be present at birth, but the total number decreases consists of the bones of the appendages (upper and lower limbs), with growth and maturity as some separate bones fuse. -
Skull / Cranium
Important! 1. Memorizing these pages only does not guarantee the succesfull passing of the midterm test or the semifinal exam. 2. The handout has not been supervised, and I can not guarantee, that these pages are absolutely free from mistakes. If you find any, please, report to me! SKULL / CRANIUM BONES OF THE NEUROCRANIUM (7) Occipital bone (1) Sphenoid bone (1) Temporal bone (2) Frontal bone (1) Parietal bone (2) BONES OF THE VISCEROCRANIUM (15) Ethmoid bone (1) Maxilla (2) Mandible (1) Zygomatic bone (2) Nasal bone (2) Lacrimal bone (2) Inferior nasalis concha (2) Vomer (1) Palatine bone (2) Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 1 FRONTAL BONE MAIN PARTS: FRONTAL SQUAMA ORBITAL PARTS NASAL PART FRONTAL SQUAMA Parietal margin Sphenoid margin Supraorbital margin External surface Frontal tubercle Temporal surface Superciliary arch Zygomatic process Glabella Supraorbital margin Frontal notch Supraorbital foramen Internal surface Frontal crest Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus Foramen caecum ORBITAL PARTS Ethmoidal notch Cerebral surface impresiones digitatae Orbital surface Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear notch / fovea Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen NASAL PART nasal spine nasal margin frontal sinus Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 2 SPHENOID BONE MAIN PARTS: CORPUS / BODY GREATER WINGS LESSER WINGS PTERYGOID PROCESSES CORPUS / BODY Sphenoid sinus Septum of sphenoid sinus Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal concha Apertura sinus sphenoidalis / Opening of sphenoid sinus Sella turcica Hypophyseal fossa Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Praechiasmatic sulcus Carotid sulcus GREATER WINGS Cerebral surface • Foramen rotundum • Framen ovale • Foramen spinosum Temporal surface Infratemporalis crest Infratemporal surface Orbital surface Maxillary surface LESSER WINGS Anterior clinoid process Superior orbital fissure Optic canal PTERYGOID PROCESSES Lateral plate Medial plate Pterygoid hamulus Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid sulcus Scaphoid fossa Pterygoid notch Pterygoid canal (Vidian canal) Compiled by: Dr. -
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Dural Arteries
ANATOMIC REPORT MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE DURAL ARTERIES Carolina Martins, M.D. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the microsurgical anatomy basic to the Department of Neurological microsurgical and endovascular management of lesions involving the dural arteries. Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida METHODS: Adult cadaveric heads and skulls were examined using the magnification provided by the surgical microscope to define the origin, course, and distribution of Alexandre Yasuda, M.D. the individual dural arteries. Department of Neurological RESULTS: The pattern of arterial supply of the dura covering the cranial base is more Surgery, University of Florida, complex than over the cerebral convexity. The internal carotid system supplies the Gainesville, Florida midline dura of the anterior and middle fossae and the anterior limit of the posterior Alvaro Campero, M.D. fossa; the external carotid system supplies the lateral segment of the three cranial Department of Neurological fossae; and the vertebrobasilar system supplies the midline structures of the posterior Surgery, University of Florida, fossa and the area of the foramen magnum. Dural territories often have overlapping Gainesville, Florida supply from several sources. Areas supplied from several overlapping sources are the parasellar dura, tentorium, and falx. The tentorium and falx also receive a contribution Arthur J. Ulm, M.D. from the cerebral arteries, making these structures an anastomotic pathway between Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, the dural and parenchymal arteries. A reciprocal relationship, in which the territories Gainesville, Florida of one artery expand if the adjacent arteries are small, is common. CONCLUSION: The carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems give rise to multiple Necmettin Tanriover, M.D.