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Skull / Cranium Important! 1. Memorizing these pages only does not guarantee the succesfull passing of the midterm test or the semifinal exam. 2. The handout has not been supervised, and I can not guarantee, that these pages are absolutely free from mistakes. If you find any, please, report to me! SKULL / CRANIUM BONES OF THE NEUROCRANIUM (7) Occipital bone (1) Sphenoid bone (1) Temporal bone (2) Frontal bone (1) Parietal bone (2) BONES OF THE VISCEROCRANIUM (15) Ethmoid bone (1) Maxilla (2) Mandible (1) Zygomatic bone (2) Nasal bone (2) Lacrimal bone (2) Inferior nasalis concha (2) Vomer (1) Palatine bone (2) Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 1 FRONTAL BONE MAIN PARTS: FRONTAL SQUAMA ORBITAL PARTS NASAL PART FRONTAL SQUAMA Parietal margin Sphenoid margin Supraorbital margin External surface Frontal tubercle Temporal surface Superciliary arch Zygomatic process Glabella Supraorbital margin Frontal notch Supraorbital foramen Internal surface Frontal crest Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus Foramen caecum ORBITAL PARTS Ethmoidal notch Cerebral surface impresiones digitatae Orbital surface Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear notch / fovea Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen NASAL PART nasal spine nasal margin frontal sinus Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 2 SPHENOID BONE MAIN PARTS: CORPUS / BODY GREATER WINGS LESSER WINGS PTERYGOID PROCESSES CORPUS / BODY Sphenoid sinus Septum of sphenoid sinus Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal concha Apertura sinus sphenoidalis / Opening of sphenoid sinus Sella turcica Hypophyseal fossa Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Praechiasmatic sulcus Carotid sulcus GREATER WINGS Cerebral surface • Foramen rotundum • Framen ovale • Foramen spinosum Temporal surface Infratemporalis crest Infratemporal surface Orbital surface Maxillary surface LESSER WINGS Anterior clinoid process Superior orbital fissure Optic canal PTERYGOID PROCESSES Lateral plate Medial plate Pterygoid hamulus Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid sulcus Scaphoid fossa Pterygoid notch Pterygoid canal (Vidian canal) Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 3 OCCIPITAL BONE MAIN PARTS : around the Foramen magnum SQUAMOUS PART / OCCIPITAL SQUAMA BASILAR PART LATERAL PARTS BASILAR PART Clivus Pharyngeal tubercle LATERAL PARTS Occipital condyles Condylar fossa Condylar canal Jugular tubercle Hypoglossal canal Jugular notch Intrajugular process SQUAMOUS PART / OCCIPITAL SQUAMA External occipital protuberance External occipital / (nuchal) crest Highest /supreme nuchal line Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance Internal occipital crest Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus Sulcus for transverse sinus Sulcus for sigmoid sinus Lambdoid margin Mastoid margin Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 4 TEMPORAL BONE MAIN PARTS : around the External acoustic meatus • SQUAMOUS PART • PETROMASTOID PART PETROUS PART (PYRAMID) MASTOID PART • TYMPANIC PART • HYOID PART = Styliod process SQUAMOUS PART Temporal squama Zygomatic process Mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Suprameatal spine MASTOID PART External surface: Mastoid process → (Mastoid air cells) Mastoid notch Sulcus for occipital artery Mastoid canaliculus Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen (→Facial canal) Internal surfac : Sulcus for sigmoid sinus Mastoid foramen PETROUS PART (PYRAMID) Anterior surface Apex (of petrous part) Trigeminal impression Sulcus; hiatus and canal for greater petrosal nerve Sulcus; hiatus and canal for lesser petrosal nerve Arcuate eminence Tegmen tympani Sulcus for superior petrosal sinus Posterior surface Internal acoustic meatus Fundus of internal acustic meatus Transverse crest Area of facial nerve Superior vestibular area Inferior vestibular area Cochlear area External opening of vestibular aquaeduct Sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus Jugular notch Intrajugular process Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 5 Inferior / basal / external surface Carotid canal Jugular fossa Fossula petrosa Tympanic canaliculus External aperture of cochlear canaliculus Mastoid canaliculus Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen (→Facial canal) Mastoid process Lateral / tympanic surface : Medial wall of the tympanic cavity Promontory (sulcus for tympanic n.) Fenestra vestibuli (oval window) Fenestra cochleae (round window) Pyramidal eminence Prominence of lat. semicircular canal Canaliculus for chorda tympani Musculotubarian canal Bony septum Semicanal for tensor tympani muscle Semicanal for auditory tube Mastoid antrum Mastoid air cells Sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, Petrooccipital synchondrosis → Foramen lacerum TYMPANIC PART Tympanic groove (Tympanosquamous fissure) Petrotympanic fissure (Glaser fissure) Petrosquamous fissure Tympanomastoid fissure Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 6 PARIETAL BONE 4 margins: Occipital margin Squamous margin Sagittal margin Frontal margin 4 angles: Frontal angle Sphenoidal angle Occipital angle Mastoid angle 2 surfaces: Parietal surface parietal tuber superior temporal line inferior temporal line parietal foramen Cerebral surface Grooves for middle meningeal artery Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 7 MAXILLA Body of maxilla Maxillary sinus 4 surfaces of the body : • Orbital surface Infraorbital canal Infraorbital sulcus • Anterior surface Infraorbital margin Infraorbital foramen Canine fossa Anterior nasal spine Nasal notch • Nasal surface Maxillary hiatus Lacrimal sulcus Conchal crest • Infratemporal surface Maxillary tuberosity Alveolar foramen 4 processes : • Frontal process Anterior lacrimal crest Ethmoidal crest Conchal crest • Zygomatic process • Alveolar process Alveolar juga Dentate alveoli Interalveolar septum Intrerradicular septum • Palatine process Median palatine suture Palatine sulci Incisive bone Incisive foramen Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 8 MANDIBLE Body of mandible Basis of mandible Mental protuberance Mental foramen Mental spine Digastric fossa Mylohyoid line Sublingual fovea Submandibular fovea Alveolar process Alveolar juga (eminences) Angle of mandible Ramus of mandible Condylar process Head of mandible Neck of mandible Pterygoid fovea Coronoid process Oblique line Mandibular notch Masseteric tuberosity Pterygoid tuberosity Mandibular foramen Mandibular canal Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 9 PALATINE BONE Horizontal plate Transverse palatine suture Nasal crest Posterior nasal spine Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramen Pyramidal process Perpendicular plate Orbital process Sphenoid process Sphenopalatine notch (Sphenopalatine foramen) Greater palatine sulcus (Greater palatine canal) Conchal crest Ethmoidal crest ETHMOID BONE Cribriform plate crista galli foramen cecum Perpendicular plate Ethmoidal labyrinth Ethmoidal air cells Orbital plate Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Uncinate process Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 10 ZYGOMATIC BONE Body Surfaces: Lateral surface Orbital surface Temporal surface Processes : Frontal process Temporal process (zygomatic arch) Maxillary process Openings: Zygomaticoorbital foramen Zygomaticofacial foramen Zygomaticotemporal foramen INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA Maxillary process Lacrimal process Ethmoidal process LACRIMAL BONE Posterior lacrimal crest Lacrimal groove Fossa sacci lacrimalis NASAL BONE Ethmoidal sulcus VOMER Wings of vomer Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 11 .
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