Genome-Wide Sequencing and Metabolic Annotation of Pythium Irregulare CBS 494.86: Understanding Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production Bruna S
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Phytopythium: Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics
Persoonia 34, 2015: 25–39 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X685382 Phytopythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics A.W.A.M. de Cock1, A.M. Lodhi2, T.L. Rintoul 3, K. Bala 3, G.P. Robideau3, Z. Gloria Abad4, M.D. Coffey 5, S. Shahzad 6, C.A. Lévesque 3 Key words Abstract The genus Phytopythium (Peronosporales) has been described, but a complete circumscription has not yet been presented. In the present paper we provide molecular-based evidence that members of Pythium COI clade K as described by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) belong to Phytopythium. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian LSU phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU and SSU) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase Oomycetes subunit 1 (COI) as well as statistical analyses of pairwise distances strongly support the status of Phytopythium as Oomycota a separate phylogenetic entity. Phytopythium is morphologically intermediate between the genera Phytophthora Peronosporales and Pythium. It is unique in having papillate, internally proliferating sporangia and cylindrical or lobate antheridia. Phytopythium The formal transfer of clade K species to Phytopythium and a comparison with morphologically similar species of Pythiales the genera Pythium and Phytophthora is presented. A new species is described, Phytopythium mirpurense. SSU Article info Received: 28 January 2014; Accepted: 27 September 2014; Published: 30 October 2014. INTRODUCTION establish which species belong to clade K and to make new taxonomic combinations for these species. To achieve this The genus Pythium as defined by Pringsheim in 1858 was goal, phylogenies based on nuclear LSU rRNA (28S), SSU divided by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) into 11 clades based rRNA (18S) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase1 (COI) on molecular systematic analyses. -
Pythium Root Rot to Always Act the Same
pests & diseases DON’T EXPECT PYTHIUM ROOT ROT TO ALWAYS ACT THE SAME Cornell University trials are teaching researchers more about this troublesome pathogen, how it interacts with the plants it infects and how it is becoming more difficult to control — and what they’ve learned may surprise you. Seedling geraniums inoculated with Pythium may be stunted or killed. By Gary W. Moorman (Photos courtesy of Margery Daughtrey) and Margery L. Daughtrey ne new development impor- tems because it has a swimming spore stage. pasteurization could lead to Pythium outbreaks. tant to our understanding of Pythium irregulare also forms swimming spores Second, Pythium ultimum favors cool greenhouse Pythium species comes from and is isolated from a very wide variety of temperatures: the minimum for growth is 41° F, the findings of molecular greenhouse crops, almost any crop grown. It is maximum 95° F and optimum 77-86° F. When geneticists. We have long less aggressive than P. aphanidermatum, often other organisms are inhibited by cool tempera- thoughtO of Pythium as a “water mold fun- causing stunting but seldom killing plants quick- ture, P. ultimum can prosper. gus”— now it has been reclassified according to ly. Pythium ultimum, very commonly noted in P. aphanidermatum has a higher minimum tem- information gained from comparing gene simi- old clinic records, is much less common but is perature (50° F) than P. ultimum and a very high larities…and Pythium is no longer a fungus! still isolated from chrysanthemums, verbenas, optimum temperature at 95-104° F. This Pythium DNA analysis has shown us that Pythium is geraniums and sometimes poinsettias. -
On Glyphosate
Ecocycles 2(2): 1-8 (2016) ISSN 2416-2140 DOI: 10.19040/ecocycles.v2i2.60 EDITORIAL On glyphosate Tamas Komives1 * and Peter Schröder2 1Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Otto 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary and Department of Environmental Science, Esterhazy Karoly University, 3200 Gyongyos, Hungary 2Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, GmbH, Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – This Editorial briefly discusses the current issues surrounding glyphosate - the most controversial pesticide active ingredient of our time. The paper pays special attention to the effects of glyphosate on plant-pathogen interactions. Keywords – glyphosate, plant-pathogen interactions, environment, human health, ecocycles, sustainability Received: October 14, 2016 Accepted: November 10, 2016 ———————————————————————————————————————————————— - In nature nothing exists alone. researchers of the company missed to identify the Rachel Carson in “Silent Spring” (Carson, 1962) molecule as a potential herbicide because of the short duration of the company's standardized biological - Alle Dinge sind Gift, und nichts ist ohne Gift; allein assays (only five days, while the first, glyphosate- die Dosis machts, daß ein Ding kein Gift sei. (All induced phytotoxic symptoms usually appear after things are poison, and nothing is without poison: the about one week) (F. M. Pallos, -
Modulating Wine Aromatic Amino Acid Catabolites by Using Torulaspora Delbrueckii in Sequentially Inoculated Fermentations Or Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Alone
microorganisms Article Modulating Wine Aromatic Amino Acid Catabolites by Using Torulaspora delbrueckii in Sequentially Inoculated Fermentations or Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alone M. Antonia Álvarez-Fernández 1 , Ilaria Carafa 2, Urska Vrhovsek 2 and Panagiotis Arapitsas 2,* 1 Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; [email protected] (I.C.); [email protected] (U.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0461615656 Received: 25 August 2020; Accepted: 2 September 2020; Published: 4 September 2020 Abstract: Yeasts are the key microorganisms that transform grape juice into wine, and nitrogen is an essential nutrient able to affect yeast cell growth, fermentation kinetics and wine quality. In this work, we focused on the intra- and extracellular metabolomic changes of three aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) during alcoholic fermentation of two grape musts by two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and the sequential inoculation of Torulaspora delbrueckii with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An UPLC-MS/MS method was used to monitor 33 metabolites, and 26 of them were detected in the extracellular samples and 8 were detected in the intracellular ones. The results indicate that the most intensive metabolomic changes occurred during the logarithm cellular growth phase and that pure S. cerevisiae fermentations produced higher amounts of N-acetyl derivatives of tryptophan and tyrosine and the off-odour molecule 2-aminoacetophenone. The sequentially inoculated fermentations showed a slower evolution and a higher production of metabolites linked to the well-known plant hormone indole acetic acid (auxin). -
Trichoderma: the “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent
plants Review Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent 1, 1, 2 3 Monika Sood y, Dhriti Kapoor y, Vipul Kumar , Mohamed S. Sheteiwy , Muthusamy Ramakrishnan 4 , Marco Landi 5,6,* , Fabrizio Araniti 7 and Anket Sharma 4,* 1 School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.K.) 2 School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; [email protected] 4 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; [email protected] 5 Department of Agriculture, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy 6 CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy 7 Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (A.S.) Authors contributed equal. y Received: 25 May 2020; Accepted: 16 June 2020; Published: 18 June 2020 Abstract: The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. -
8.2 Shikimic Acid Pathway
CHAPTER 8 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORAromatic SALE OR DISTRIBUTION and NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Phenolic Compounds © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER OUTLINE Overview Synthesis and Properties of Polyketides 8.1 8.5 Synthesis of Chalcones © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 8.2 Shikimic Acid Pathway Synthesis of Flavanones and Derivatives NOT FOR SALE ORPhenylalanine DISTRIBUTION and Tyrosine Synthesis NOT FOR SALESynthesis OR DISTRIBUTION and Properties of Flavones Tryptophan Synthesis Synthesis and Properties of Anthocyanidins Synthesis and Properties of Isofl avonoids Phenylpropanoid Pathway 8.3 Examples of Other Plant Polyketide Synthases Synthesis of Trans-Cinnamic Acid Synthesis and Activity of Coumarins Lignin Synthesis Polymerization© Jonesof Monolignols & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Genetic EngineeringNOT FOR of Lignin SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Natural Products Derived from the 8.4 Phenylpropanoid Pathway Natural Products from Monolignols © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 119 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. -
Pythium Species Associated with Rooibos, and the Influence of Management Practices on Disease Development
PYTHIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH ROOIBOS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT By AMIRHOSSEIN BAHRAMISHARIF Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of AgriSciences at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr. Adéle McLeod Co-supervisor: Dr. Sandra C. Lamprecht March 2012 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Amirhossein Bahramisharif Date:……………………….. Copyright © 2012 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za PYTHIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH ROOIBOS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY Damping-off of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), which is an important indigenous crop in South Africa, causes serious losses in rooibos nurseries and is caused by a complex of pathogens of which oomycetes, mainly Pythium, are an important component. The management of damping-off in organic rooibos nurseries is problematic, since phenylamide fungicides may not be used. Therefore, alternative management strategies such as rotation crops, compost and biological control agents, must be investigated. The management of damping-off requires knowledge, which currently is lacking, of the Pythium species involved, and their pathogenicity towards rooibos and two nursery rotation crops (lupin and oats). Pythium species identification can be difficult since the genus is complex and consists of more than 120 species. -
Bactrev00065-0077.Pdf
BACnEIUOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Dec. 1968, p. 465-492 Vol. 32, No. 4, Pt. 2 Copyright © 1968 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Pathways of Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids and Vitamins and Their Control in Microorganisms FRANK GIBSON AND JAMES PITTARD John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, and School of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Australia INTRODUCTION................................................................ 465 INTERMEDIATES IN AROMATIC BIOsYNTHESIS ...................................... 466 Common Pathway ........................................................... 466 Tryptophan Pathway ........................................................ 468 Pathways to Phenylalanine and Tyrosine ........................................ 469 Pathway to 4-Aminobenzoic Acid.............................................. 469 Intermediates in Ubiquinone Biosynthesis ....................................... 470 Intermediates in Vitamin K Biosynthesis ........................................ 471 Pathways Involving 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate ..................................... 472 Other Phenolic Growth Factors ............................................... 473 ISOENZYMES AND PROTEIN AGGREGATES CONCERNED IN AROMATIC BiosYNTHESIS ........ 474 Common Pathway ........................................................... 474 Tryptophan Pathway ......................................................... 474 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Pathways ......................................... -
The Degradation Op Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, And
/ THE DEGRADATION OP PHENYLALANINE, TYROSINE, AND RELATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS BY A MARINE DIATOM AND A HAPTOPHYCEAN ALGA by ARTHUR FREDERICK LANDYMORE B.Sc., University of British Columbia, 1968 M.Sc., University of British Columbia, 1972 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNTOHSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1976" In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and Study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. iii. ABSTRACT,, The degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine was ex• amined in axenic cultures of Isochrysls galbana Parke and Navlcula lncerta Hustedt. Both species were able to metabolize L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine as the sole nitrogen source, but severe growth Inhibition was observed for _I. galbana. No growth of I_. galbana was obtained on the D-isomers of these two amino acids, but N. lncerta was able to utilize both D- amino acids after an extended lag period. Analysis of the growth medium and the algal cells from non-radioactive and radioactive experiments never revealed cinnamic or p-coumaric acids. This suggested that phenyl• alanine and tyrosine ammonia-lyases (PAL and TAL) were not involved in the initial degradative step of either these amino acids. -
ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium Spp. Associated with Root
ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Field and Cover Crops in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Shew and Dr. Jim Kerns). Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was valued at over $66 million in North Carolina in 2019, but mild to severe stunting and root rot limit yields in the Coastal Plain region during years with above-average rainfall. Pythium irregulare, P. vanterpoolii, and P. spinosum were previously identified as causal agents of stunting and root rot of winter wheat in this region. Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, or other winter crops such as clary sage, rapeseed, or a cover crop are common in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Stunting and root rot reduce yields of clary sage, and limit stand establishment and biomass accumulation of other winter crops in wet soils, but the role that Pythium spp. play in root rot of these crops is not understood, To investigate species prevalence, isolates of Pythium were collected from stunted winter wheat, clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea plants collected in eastern North Carolina during the growing season of 2018-2019, and from all crops except winter wheat again in 2019-2020. A total of 534 isolates were identified from all hosts. P. irregulare (32%), P. vanterpoolii (17%), and P. spinosum (16%) were the species most frequently recovered from wheat. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) comprised the majority of isolates collected from clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology CHARACTERIZATION OF Pythium and Phytopythium SPECIES FREQUENTLY FOUND IN IRRIGATION WATER A Thesis in Plant Pathology by Carla E. Lanze © 2015 Carla E. Lanze Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science August 2015 ii The thesis of Carla E. Lanze was reviewed and approved* by the following Gary W. Moorman Professor of Plant Pathology Thesis Advisor David M. Geiser Professor of Plant Pathology Interim Head of the Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology Beth K. Gugino Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Todd C. LaJeunesse Associate Professor of Biology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Some Pythium and Phytopythium species are problematic greenhouse crop pathogens. This project aimed to determine if pathogenic Pythium species are harbored in greenhouse recycled irrigation water tanks and to determine the ecology of the Pythium species found in these tanks. In previous research, an extensive water survey was performed on the recycled irrigation water tanks of two commercial greenhouses in Pennsylvania that experience frequent poinsettia crop loss due to Pythium aphanidermatum. In that work, only a preliminary identification of the baited species was made. Here, detailed analyses of the isolates were conducted. The Pythium and Phytopythium species recovered during the survey by baiting the water were identified and assessed for pathogenicity in lab and greenhouse experiments. The Pythium species found during the tank surveys were: a species genetically very similar to P. sp. nov. OOMYA1702-08 in Clade B2, two distinct species of unknown identity in Clade E2, P. -
PBS3 Is the Missing Link in Plant-Specific Isochorismate
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/600692; this version posted April 19, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. PBS3 is the missing link in plant-specific isochorismate-derived salicylic acid biosynthesis Dmitrij Rekhter1, Daniel Lüdke2, Yuli Ding3, Kirstin Feussner1,4, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz1, 5 Volker Lipka5,6, Marcel Wiermer2,*, Yuelin Zhang3,*, Ivo Feussner1,7,* 1 University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig Weg11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. 2 University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, RG Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Goettingen, 10 Germany. 3 University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. 4 University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Justus-von-Liebig Weg11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. 15 5 University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. 6 University of Goettingen, Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology & Psychology, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. 7 University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 20 Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig Weg11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (I.F.); [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (Y.Z.). 25 Abstract: The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a central regulator of plant immunity.