Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

By Karl S. Kellogg,1 Scott A. Minor,1 and Pamela M. Cossette2

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service

Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3002

1U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo. 2U.S. Geological Survey, Spokane, Wash.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Kellogg, K.S., Minor, S.A., and Cossette, P.M., 2008, Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3002, scale 1:100,000, 2 plates, 1 pamphlet, 23 p. Contents

Background...... 1 Note on Marine Transgressions and Unconformities South of the San Andreas Fault...... 1 Description of Map Units...... 2 Rocks South of the San Andreas Fault Zone...... 3 Rocks South of Big Pine and Pine Mountain Faults (Domain 1)...... 3 Rocks West of Cuyama River and North of Big Pine Fault (Domain 2)...... 6 Rocks of the Caliente Hills (Domain 3)...... 9 Rocks North of Pine Mountain Fault, East of Cuyama River, and South of San Andreas Fault (Domain 4)...... 11 Fault-Bounded Rocks of the San Andreas Fault Zone...... 17 Rocks North of the San Andreas Fault Zone...... 18 References...... 21 iv

CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply By To obtain centimeters (cm) 0.3937 inches (in.) meters (m) 3.281 feet (ft) kilometers (km) 0.6214 miles (mi) To convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F), use formula (°C x 1.8) + 32 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

By Karl S. Kellogg, Scott A. Minor, and Pamela M. Cossette

Background other during deposition (for example, Vedder and others, 1995). Consequently, different symbols and different names are used in some cases for similar units in adjacent structural Significant new mapping during the last two decades has domains (for example, “Mudstone and minor sandstone” added considerably to understanding the geologic history of (TKs) in Domain 1 and “Mudstone, claystone, and minor the western Transverse and southern Coast Ranges (Vedder sandstone” (TKm) in Domain 2). However, conventional and others, 1994, 1995, 2001; Kellogg, 1999, 2003; Kellogg usage in many cases has led to the same name and symbol and Miggins, 2002; Minor, 1999, 2004; Stone and Cossette, assigments for some units in different domains (for example, 2000). Prior to this time, the late Thomas W. Dibblee, Jr. Caliente Formation (Tc) in Domains 1 and 4, and Soda Lake mapped much of the Cuyama 1:100,000 quadrangle. The Shale Member of the Vaqueros Formation (Tvs) in Domains recent mapping has allowed us to revise some of Dibblee’s 3 and 4). In a few cases, units of one domain extend a short interpretations, as well as those of Crowell and others (1964), distance into an adjacent domain (for example, sandstone and to meet the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) publication and conglomerate member of the nonmarine rocks of Santa standard by digitally capturing and converting new data within Barbara Canyon (Tnsc) of Domain 2 extends a short distance a Geographic Information System (GIS) designed and pub- into Domain 4). lished by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The Ozena fault, within Domain 2, could also be con- Students (most notably Sean Mullin) at the University of sidered a domain boundary, as it separates a package of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) Department of Geog- Monterey Formation (Tm) and Vaqueros Formation (Tv) rock raphy, under the supervision of Dr. Keith Clarke, worked to on the southwest side of the fault, that rest unconformably on digitally capture Dibblee’s data and were assisted by Dibblee a very thick section of Eocene marine rocks, from a Vaqueros- for several weeks, during which time considerable unpub- Monterey package northeast of the fault that is relatively thin lished data were shared. This UCSB project was completed and rests on the lower Miocene and upper Oligocene? “Non- under a contract with the U.S. Forest Service, and the resulting marine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon” (“Pato red beds”). valuable digital data set has been used with permission of the However, the northwestern end of the Ozena fault, as mapped U.S. Forest Service to fill in many of the areas on the present by Vedder and Repenning (1975), disappears into a complex- map. Consequently, this map compilation varies in numerous ely folded sequence of Branch Canyon Sandstone, obscuring a small ways from Dibblee’s published maps (see index map definable domain boundary. showing sources of geologic data, sheet 2). With the excep- tion of the Cuyama and most of the New Cuyama quadrangles, Note on Marine Transgressions and the Cuyama quadrangle lies entirely within the Los Padres National Forest. The western one-quarter of the Cuyama Unconformities South of the San 1:100,000 quadrangle is not included in this version of the map due to time and financial constraints and uncompleted Andreas Fault new mapping in this area. Nonmarine Oligocene rocks that overlie a thick section South of the San Andreas fault, the map has been (several kilometers) of upper Eocene marine rocks demon- partitioned into four structural domains (Domains 1–4, sheet strates that a major late Eocene-early Oligocene unconformity 2) based on major discontinuities in stratigraphy across affected all regions south of the San Andreas fault. This either bounding faults or zones that represent boundaries unconformity marks the Ynezian orogeny during which between clear changes in depositional setting. Where pre-Oligocene marine rocks were folded and uplifted during domain boundaries are defined by large faults, total offset crustal contraction, forming the widespread San Rafael high across these faults is poorly constrained and similar units (Dibblee, 1950, 1982; Davis and others, 1996). In Domain 1, in different domains may have been far removed from each rocks of the upper Eocene(?) and Oligocene Sespe Formation 2 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

(Tsp) lie unconformably on upper Eocene Coldwater Sand- moderately sorted to well-sorted sediments stone. In Domain 2, this unconformity is inferred, because forming channel and overbank deposits in the redbeds (“Pato red beds”) of the lower Miocene and upper modern floodplains. Maximum thickness Oligocene? “Nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon” are greater than 5 m in fault contact across the Ozena fault with rocks as young as Qlsy Young landslide deposit (Holocene)—Mostly the upper Eocene Cozy Dell Shale. In Domain 3 (Caliente unsorted, unstratified debris deposited by Hills), the nonmarine Oligocene? Simmler Formation rests recent and potentially active landslides. unconformably on the marine Paleocene Pattiway Formation Deposits commonly have hummocky topo- (Tp), and in Domain 4, east of the Cuyama River, rocks of the graphy. Landslide scar partially vegetated to nonmarine Oligocene and Miocene Plush Ranch Formation unvegetated, indicated landsliding less than and approximately coeval Simmler Formation lie unconform- several tens of years old. About 10–20 m ably above upper Eocene Cozy Dell Shale. thick Beginning in the late Oligocene, a marine transgression Qw Wetland deposit (Holocene)—Brown to black, invaded the same region from the southwest. Domains 1 organic-rich, commonly water-saturated soil and 2 contain a thick upper Oligocene and Miocene marine in flat to nearly flat areas. Only one deposit section, including rocks of the upper Oligocene and lower mapped in Sawmill Mountain quadrangle Miocene Vaqueros Formation (Tv), lower and middle Miocene (Kellogg and Miggins, 2002) Monterey Formation (Tm), middle and upper Miocene Qac Alluvium and colluvium, undivided (Holocene Branch Canyon Sandstone (only in Domain 2) and upper and late Pleistocene)—Mapped where Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone (Tsm). In Domain 2, the modern alluvium in small channels and Vaqueros unconformably overlies nonmarine rocks as young sheetwash alluvium on gentle slopes are as early Miocene (Vedder, 1968), implying that the marine intimately intermixed with, or difficult to transgression was slightly later in this domain. In Domain differentiate from, colluvium. Colluvium 3, the marine beds are dominated by the Vaqueros Formation composed of poorly sorted, poorly bedded to (Tv), which extends to relatively sparse exposures of Vaqueros non-bedded, non-indurated, dark-brown to in the northwestern part of Domain 4. Many of the upper light-gray-brown, angular boulders, cobbles, Oligocene and lower Miocene marine units interfinger with and pebbles in light-brown clay, silt, and coeval terrestrial units, indicating a series of regressions sand matrix that mantle gently to moderately and transgressions during this interval. These relationships, sloping surfaces and are intermixed by whereby the Miocene marine units pinch out to the east (see downslope movement of weathered bedrock Correlation of Map Units, sheet 2), clearly show that there was or other surficial deposits. Includes minor a Miocene topographic high in the eastern part of the Cuyama loess. Deposits commonly capped by quadrangle, coincident with the western flank of the west- moderately developed to well-developed soil trending Frazier Mountain-San Gabriel structural high of profile. Recognized mostly in eastern part Fritsche (1998) and discussed by Kellogg and Minor (2005). of map (Kellogg, 1999, 2003; Kellogg and During the late Miocene, the sea once again retreated Miggins, 2002). Many smaller deposits not from the western part of the region. The upper Miocene mapped. Maximum thickness probably less nonmarine Caliente Formation (Tc) interfingers with the upper than 10 m Miocene marine part of the Santa Margarita Sandstone in Qls Landslide deposit (Holocene and late Domain 1 and unconformably overlies the middle and upper Pleistocene)—Ranges from poorly sorted, Miocene marine Branch Canyon Sandstone in Domain 2. In unstratified to poorly stratified, clay- to the Caliente Hills (Domain 3), the lower part of the Caliente boulder-sized consolidated debris. In overlies the marine Saltos Shale Member of the Monterey places, includes almost intact slumped Formation (Tmsh) and interfingers with the upper, presumably blocks of bedrock as long as several tens of lower Miocene part of the Vaqueros Formation. In Domain meters. Younger landslide deposits maintain 4, a thin sequence of marine Vaqueros Formation (Tv) hummocky topography and have identifiable interfingers with the terrestrial Simmler Formation. These breakaway scarps. Older landslide deposits relationships in Domains 3 and 4 suggest that the marine generally are deeply dissected with rounded regression in this part of the Cuyama quadrangle began as topography. Thickness about 10 m to early as the middle Miocene. greater than 50 m Qya Younger (inactive) alluvium (Holocene and late Pleistocene)—Mostly inactive alluvial silt, Description of Map Units sand, and gravel, unconsolidated, poorly stratified to well stratified, lenticular. Qa Active alluvium (Holocene)—Silt- to boulder- Mapped adjacent to active alluvium in size, moderately rounded to well-rounded, terraces at least 2 m above most active Description of Map Units 3

channels. Locally includes narrow channels Mapped as “terrace deposits” by Carman of active alluvium (Qa). Maximum thick- (1964), but these deposits lack terrace ness unknown, but at least 70 m under morphology and alluvial origin is not clear. Cuyama Valley (Vedder and Repenning, Debris may have been shed from crystalline 1975). Includes younger fan deposits (Qf1) thrust sheets during south-directed thrusting of Kellogg and Miggins (2002) and younger of Frazier Mountain and South Frazier alluvium (Qya) of Vedder (1968) and Mountain thrusts, which were active as Vedder and Repenning (1975) recently as the early Pleistocene (Dibblee, Qoa Older alluvium (late and middle? Pleistocene)— 1982). Thickness as much as about 100 m Clay, silt, sand, and gravel, poorly to partially consolidated, poorly stratified to well-stratified. Highly dissected and Rocks South of the San Andreas Fault Zone slightly deformed in places; includes small, unmapped areas of active alluvium (Qa) Rocks South of Big Pine and Pine Mountain and younger alluvium (Qya). Includes older fan deposits (units Qf1, Qf2, and Faults (Domain 1) Qf3) of Cuddy Valley (Kellogg, 2003) and Sawmill Mountain (Kellogg and Tc Caliente Formation, undivided (upper Miggins, 2002) quadrangles, including Miocene)—Lithologically diverse fluvial alluvium of San Emigdio Mesa, which is sedimentary rocks exposed in an overturned tentatively correlated (Davis, 1983) with the syncline in footwall block of Pine Mountain 0.13 to 0.45 Ma Riverbank Formation of fault (Minor, 2004). Conformably(?) northeastern San Joaquin Valley (Marchand overlies and locally intertongues with and Allwardt, 1981). Includes older marine sedimentary rocks of Santa alluvium (Qoa) and older gravel deposits Margarita Formation. Late Miocene age (Qog) of Dibblee (1972, 1973, 1985a, of Caliente south of Pine Mountain Fault is 1985b, 1986a, 1986b, 1987, 1996). As thick inferred from late Miocene marine fossils as 60 m from underlying Santa Margarita Formation QTa Old alluvium, locally deformed (Pleistocene and Santa Margarita Sandstone (upper and middle? late Pliocene?)—Light-brown, weakly Miocene)—Marine rocks of Santa Margarita indurated alluvial sand and gravel. Includes Sandstone overlie rocks of Monterey Forma- deformed alluvial deposits (Qn) of Vedder tion (Tm) with slight angular discordance and Repenning (1975), older deformed (Minor, 2004) alluvium (Qns) of Vedder (1968), and Paso Tsmg Gypsum member—Greenish-gray, medium to Robles Formation of Dibblee (1972). May thin-bedded gypsum with common white, include beds that are, in part, equivalent to coarsely crystalline gypsum partings. Maxi- Pleistocene and Pliocene Morales Formation mum exposed thickness about 25 m (QTm). In places at least 100 m thick Tsms Sandstone and mudstone member—Inter- QTd Boulder diamicton (Pleistocene and late bedded white to light-tan, fine- to coarse- Pliocene?)—Unsorted to poorly sorted, grained, thick- to medium-bedded, lami- massive to poorly stratified, unconsolidated nated to massive, crossbedded in places, deposit containing subangular to subrounded fossiliferous, arkosic sandstone and subordi- clasts of local origin. Mapped only in nate brown, thin-bedded, locally phosphatic Lockwood Valley quadrangle (Kellogg, mudstone and lesser siltstone (Minor, 2004). 1999) and Cuddy Valley quadrangle Lower sandstone sequence contains abun- (Kellogg, 2003). Clasts are mostly granite dant shallow-water marine molluscan fossils, of Lockwood Peak (Kgl) and, subordinately, including large oysters (Crassostrea titan), augen gneiss of Frazier Mountain (Xag) and foraminifera that together indicate a late and are as long as 3 m, although most are Miocene (Mohnian) age (Vedder and others, considerably smaller. Matrix is pale-tan 1973). Recent magnetostratigraphic studies, grus (disintegrated granitic rocks). Forms however, suggest that Santa Margarita Sand- hilly topography. Mapped by Dibblee stone was deposited during middle and late (1979) in most places as boulder gravel Miocene chron C5r (11.0–11.8 Ma) (Wilson member of Miocene Caliente Formation and Prothero, 1997), in disagreement with (Tc), but in places overlies Pliocene Quatal fossil evidence. Maximum thickness about Formation (Tq) so younger age indicated. 120 m 4 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

Tib Intrusive basalt (Miocene)—Altered vesicular and Saucesian microfossils (Dibblee, basalt in sill-like body as thick as 30 m on 1986a). Formerly mapped as Temblor west edge of map in Big Pine Mountain Sandstone (Tt) (Dibblee, 1966). Thickness quadrangle (Vedder and others, 1995). about 130 m Intrudes Monterey Formation (Tm), so Tr Rincon Shale (lower Miocene)—Grayish-brown is probably Miocene in age. Smaller (1 clay marine shale, locally silty, micaceous, m thick) basalt intrusive also mapped poorly bedded, crumbly where weathered; near Indian Creek in Big Pine Mountain locally contains yellow dolomitic con- quadrangle cretions. Contains Saucesian and upper Tm Monterey Formation, undivided (middle and Zemorrian microfossils (Dibblee, 1986a, lower Miocene)—Light-gray to light- 1996). Thickness about 370 m in eastern tan, thin-bedded, siliceous to dolomitic Lion Canyon Quadrangle (Dibblee, 1987), marine shale, mudstone, and siltstone. but pinches out to west in northern Wheeler Weathers into white, silicic plates. Benthic Springs quadrangle (Vedder and others, foraminifera and calcareous nanoplankton 1973). Two lenses, each as thick as 150 m, collected from near Big Pine fault indicate that interfinger with Vaqueros Formation middle Miocene age (Minor, 2004). Total (Tv) tentatively mapped as Rincon Shale in thickness about 400 m near Big Pine fault western Little Pine Mountain quadrangle (Minor, 2004); about 250 m thick in Little (Dibblee, 1986a) Pine Mountain Quadrangle (Dibblee, Trp Piedra Blanca Sandstone Member—Light- 1986a) gray, crossbedded marine sandstone. In Tms Sandstone member (middle Miocene)—Beige eastern part of quadrangle, forms prominent, to light-gray, friable, and poorly cemented, very light tan rounded outcrops. About 150 medium- to thin-bedded, tabular, locally m thick in eastern Lion Canyon quadrangle crossbedded, fine- to coarse-grained marine (Dibblee, 1987) sandstone. Locally carbonate cemented. Tv Vaqueros Formation, undivided (lower Miocene Contains abundant molluscan fossils of and upper Oligocene)—Massive to thick- probable middle Miocene age (Vedder and bedded, tan to light-greenish-gray marine others, 1973). Thickness about 50 m sandstone and minor siltstone; locally Tml Lower calcareous member (middle and calcareous. Zemorrian Stage (Dibblee, lower Miocene)—Occurs in two areas. 1986a and 1986b, 1996). Unconformably Near eastern border of map, consists of overlies Sespe Formation (Tsp). As thick gray, thin-bedded, fissile, semi-siliceous to as about 150 m in southeastern part of hard shale; includes yellowish dolomitic quadrangle. Interfingers with Rincon Shale concretions and lenses (Dibblee, 1996). (Tr) in Little Pine Mountain quadrangle, Weathers nearly white and platy. Contains where unit is about 500 m thick. Estimated middle and lower Miocene (Relizian and thickness less than 30 m in Salisbury Potrero Saucesian) benthic foraminifera. In western quadrangle (T.W. Dibblee, Jr., unpub. part of quadrangle, consists of soft, fissile, mapping, no date) semi-siliceous clay shale with thin interbeds Tsp Sespe Formation (Oligocene and upper of siliceous shale and limestone. Contains Eocene?)—Interbedded maroon to Luisian and Relizian benthic foraminifera brown, locally tan, crossbedded, fluvial (Dibblee, 1986a, 1986b). Thickness about conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and 200 m in Little Pine Mountain quadrangle claystone. Finer-grained beds maroon, (Dibblee, 1986a) brown, and greenish gray. Locally forms Tmls Limestone of Bee Rock (lower Miocene)— prominent, commonly reddish-brown Light-gray massive, hard, algal limestone outcrops. Conglomeratic beds, which with a few thin interbeds of dark-gray, are found only in lower part, are divided cherty shale. Crops out very locally in Little into two sequences, locally separated by Pine Mountain quadrangle (Dibblee, 1986a). an unconformity, based on studies near As thick as about 35 m Santa Barbara (Howard, 1995). However, Tmsu Unnamed sandstone (lower Miocene)—Light- lower conglomerate member is not mapped gray to tan, fossiliferous, arkosic marine everywhere. Predominantly Oligocene, but sandstone, locally calcareous. Lower part basal part may be upper Eocene. Thickness conglomeratic in places; upper part contains variable; about 400–460 m in Wheeler minor shale interbeds. Contains Relizian Springs quadrangle (Dibblee, 1985b). As Description of Map Units 5

thick as 600 m in Little Pine Mountain grayish-tan marine conglomerate, quadrangle (Dibblee, 1986) quarzofeldspathic marine sandstone, Tspc Lower conglomeratic member—Mostly micaceous siltstone and clay shale in thin interbedded, crossbedded, maroon to to thick (as thick as several tens of meters) reddish-brown, locally tan (especially in interbeds. Weathers tan with abundant lowest part) conglomerate, conglomeratic iron-oxide (rusty) coatings on fractures. sandstone, and sandstone; contains minor, Minimum total thickness in Reyes Peak thin shale or mudstone beds. Lowest part quadrangle 1,500 m (Minor, 2004) contains clasts of mostly granitic rocks, Tjs Sandstone member—Tan, medium- to fine- porphyritic volcanic rocks and quartzite, grained, thin- to medium-bedded, well- suggestive of an eastern (Mojave) source; indurated feldspathic marine sandstone; rare upper conglomeratic sequence contains pebble conglomerate abundant chert and graywacke clasts, Tjsh Shale member—Gray to dark-gray, clayey to indicating a Franciscan Complex source silty, micaceous, marine shale, locally con- (Howard, 1995). About 175 m thick in taining thin, fine-grained sandstone beds Wheeler Springs quadrangle (Dibblee, TKs Mudstone and minor sandstone (lower Eocene 1985b) to Upper Cretaceous)—Grayish-brown, Coldwater Sandstone (upper Eocene) mostly thin to medium-bedded or indistinct- Tcw Sandstone member—Well-indurated, tan to ly bedded, clayey to silty, micaceous marine light-gray, massive to crossbedded, thick- to mudstone containing thin- to thick-bedded, thin-bedded, arkosic, marine sandstone with very fine grained to coarse-grained sand- minor interbeds of greenish-gray siltstone stone beds (finer-grained varieties mica- and shale. Contains Narizian foraminifera ceous), increasing in abundance up section. Tcwm Mixed sandstone and shale member—Inter- Commonly calcareous and contains algal bedded tan, thin-bedded, fine-grained marine detritus in lower part. Base poorly exposed sandstone and greenish-gray micaceous in Big Pine Mountain quadrangle and con- siltstone and shale tact with overlying Eocene rocks gradational Cozy Dell Shale (upper Eocene)—Predominantly (Vedder and others, 1995) marine shale with minor interbedded sand- Tsb Sierra Blanca Limestone (upper Paleocene)— stone. Contains foraminifera assigned to Hard, massive, medium- to thick-bedded, Narizian Stage and Penutian or lower part of gray, white-weathering, locally sandy, Ulatisian Stages (Vedder and others, 1973). algal limestone. Commonly brecciated and Maximum thickness about 500 m recemented; sparingly glauconitic locally. Tcd Shale member—Gray to grayish-tan, argil- Contains upper Paleocene foraminifera and laceous to silty, micaceous marine shale and calcareous nannofossils (Vedder and others, minor, thin, fine-grained marine sandstone. 1995). In places, interbedded with mud- Weathers grayish-brown with abundant stone and minor sandstone (TKs) in south- brown silty chips western part of map area. As thick as about Tcds Sandstone member—Tan, thin- to thick- 130 m bedded sandstone similar to Coldwater Kmd Mudstone and minor sandstone (Upper Sandstone (Tcw). Less than 60 m thick Cretaceous)—Grayish-brown, mostly thin- Matilija Sandstone (upper and middle Eocene)— bedded to indistinctly bedded, micaceous Predominantly thick-bedded marine sand- mudstone and thin-bedded marine sand- stone as thick as about 500 m stone. Contains Maastrichtian to Coniacian Tma Sandstone member—Tan, mostly thick- calcareous nannofossils bedded, well-indurated, medium- to fine- Kms Sandstone and minor mudstone (Upper grained, massive to crossbedded, feld- Cretaceous)—Tan, fine-grained to very spathic, marine sandstone, containing thin coarse grained, thin- to thick-bedded, layers or partings of clay shale. Prominent crossbedded to massive, lenticular-bedded, cliff-forming unit. Tejon and Domengine feldspathic marine sandstone, locally molluscan stages (Squires, 1987) conglomeratic. Contains minor interbeds Tmas Shale and sandstone member—Clay shale of silty or clayey micaceous mudstone; silty similar to Cozy Dell Shale (Tcd) and inter- rip-up clasts common (Vedder and others, bedded, thin, tan arkosic sandstone beds 1995). Similar to mudstone and subordinate Tj Juncal Formation, undivided (middle and lower? sandstone (Ksm) of Domain 2 but mapped Eocene)—Gray, greenish-gray, and separately because intervening Big Pine 6 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

fault marks major tectonic boundary (Vedder Tqcc Coarse conglomerate member—Brown, and others, 1995) massive to weakly bedded, very coarse Kcg Conglomerate (Upper Cretaceous)—Lenticular conglomerate composed entirely of sub- and interbedded with sandstone; contains rounded cobbles and boulders as long as well-rounded pebbles, cobbles, and boulders 1 m; clast-supported and matrix-supported composed of porphyritic siliceous volcanic varieties both occur rocks, granitoid rocks, and sparse quartzite Tqb Brown clay member—Dark-brown, massive in a sandy feldspathic matrix (Vedder and claystone and silty claystone; very poorly others, 1995) indurated; weathers to a “popcorn” soil; KJe Espada Formation (Lower Cretaceous and Upper contains numerous gypsum-filled fractures. Jurassic)—Dark greenish-gray, thin-bedded May be lateral equivalent of Lockwood Clay shale with thin interbeds of well-indurated, (Tlc) olive-gray feldspathic marine sandstone. Tlc Lockwood Clay (Pliocene?)—Brown to reddish- Contains carbonaceous material along brown, massive claystone, in most places bedding planes. Locally contains concre- composed of montmorillonite clay, locally tions, minor pebble conglomerate beds, and gypsiferous along fractures; very weakly thin lenses and beds of impure, dark-gray indurated. Small wedge of unit just west limestone. Rest unconformably on rocks of of Cuyama River pinches out along Ozena Franciscan Complex in southwestern part of fault. Maximum thickness about 50 m. map area. Greater than 1,000 m thick Refer to Domain 4 for full description and Franciscan Complex (Jurassic)—Interpreted to be discussion of age uncertainty part of a subduction complex (accretionary Tc Caliente Formation, undivided (Pliocene? and mélange) that, in part, rose along the Little upper Miocene)—Rocks of map unit tenta- Pine fault and core of the Agua Caliente tively correlated with the Caliente Formation anticline in the southern New Cuyama quadrangle Jfs Serpentinite—Strongly sheared, green to (Vedder and Repenning, 1975) include pale black, serpentinite and serpentinized pinkish-gray and white, fine- to coarse- ultramafic rocks, locally altered to silica- grained, locally clayey, locally tuffaceous, carbonate rock near Santa Ynez River thin- to thick-bedded nonmarine sandstone, (Dibblee, 1986a) and mudstone. Sandstone locally pebbly. Jfw Graywacke—Greenish-brown, well indurated, Map unit may include beds as young as Plio- graywacke and dark-gray micaceous silt- cene at top (Vedder and Repenning, 1975). stone and shale; in most places moderately Parts of unit correlated with Mint Canyon to severely sheared Formation to the east of quadrangle (T.W. Jfg Greenstone—Greenish-brown to black, Dibblee, Jr., unpub. data, 2002). Just west mostly massive, fine-grained greenstone of the Cuyama River, the Caliente Formation (meta-basalt); in most places moderately to includes: severely sheared Tcg Granitic-clast fanglomerate member— Jfc Chert—Varicolored green, red, and white, Coarse, light-brownish-gray, granitic-clast thin-bedded, hard, strongly fractured chert; fanglomerate of late Miocene age. Equiva- bedding strongly folded lent to unit Tcg in Domain 4. Unconform- able contact with underlying sandstone and conglomerate member (Tnsc) of nonmarine Rocks West of Cuyama River and North of Big rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon Pine Fault (Domain 2) Tsm Santa Margarita Sandstone, undivided (upper Miocene)—Marine sandstone and Quatal Formation (Pliocene)—Nonmarine. Thick- mudstone. Sandstone is white to yellowish ness highly variable; combined thickness gray, fine to coarse grained, thin to thick as much as about 670 m in Fox Mountain bedded, silty to pebbly, lenticular, locally quadrangle (Vedder, 1968) calcareous; mudstone is greenish gray Tqs Upper sandstone member—Mostly yellow- and reddish brown, thin bedded; includes ish-gray and brownish-gray, poorly indurat- a few thin beds of fresh-water limestone. ed, thin- to thick-bedded, muddy sandstone Magnetostratigraphic studies suggest and pebbly nonmarine sandstone. Chiefly formation may be as old as middle Miocene conglomerate in lower part; clasts derived (Wilson and Prothero, 1997). However, almost entirely from Eocene sandstone local unconformity above Branch Canyon Description of Map Units 7

Sandstone, which contains upper Miocene Tmss Basal sandstone member (middle and lower? fossils, indicates Santa Margarita Sandstone Miocene)—Pale yellowish-gray and pale- in Domain 2 must be upper Miocene. Com- yellowish-brown, fine-grained to very coarse bined thickness variable; as much as 300 m grained, locally pebbly, thick-bedded to in Fox Mountain quadrangle (Vedder, 1968) massive, locally cross-stratified, lenticular, Tsmu Upper sandstone member—White and pale- cliff-forming sandstone, similar to Branch yellowish-gray and greenish-gray, very fine Canyon Sandstone. Lowermost part may be to coarse-grained, thick-bedded to massive early Miocene age (Vedder, 1968) sandstone containing a few thin beds of Tmsh Saltos Shale Member (middle and lower greenish-gray mudstone and clayey silt- Miocene)—Light-gray and pale-olive-gray, stone; calcareous in places; locally conglom- poorly indurated, very fine grained sand- eratic. Contains upper Miocene mollusks stone, siltstone, and claystone; indistinctly and echinoids (Vedder and Repenning, bedded and contains sparse calcareous con- 1975) cretions. Mapped by Vedder (1968) as inter- Tsmc Claystone member—Interbedded claystone fingering with lower part of Branch Canyon and pale-yellowish-gray to light-greenish- Sandstone east of Santa Barbara Canyon, but gray, and pale-yellowish-brown, siliceous, former Saltos in this area now included with laminated to thin-bedded claystone and Branch Canyon clayey siltstone; diatomaceous. Contains Tv Vaqueros Formation (lower Miocene)—White to phosphorite-pellet zones and thin beds pale-olive and yellowish-brown, fine-grained of silty, very fine grained sandstone and to very fine grained, locally pebbly, thick- mudstone bedded, cross-stratified marine sandstone; Tsml Lower sandstone, conglomerate, and includes calcareous beds containing shell claystone member—Claystone and poorly fragments and lenses of pebble-cobble sorted yellowish-gray to pale-yellowish- conglomerate. Base locally marked by brown, thick-bedded to massive, lenticular white waterlain tuff. Mapped as Vaqueros sandstone and conglomerate Formation by Hill and others (1958) and Branch Canyon Sandstone (upper and middle Vedder (1968). Units Tvr and Tvs of Miocene)—Marine. Combined thickness Vedder (1968), variegated mudstone, as much as about 760 m in Fox Mountain claystone, and siltstone beds, are also quadrangle (Vedder, 1968) included with Vaqueros Formation, which Tbu Upper member—Fine- to very coarse grained, includes light-brown marine sandstone pale-yellowish-gray to white, thick-bedded mapped between Monterey Formation and and mostly cross-stratified, poorly indurated, Eocene marine beds near western border of feldspathic marine sandstone. Contains map area. From map relationships (Vedder, upper Miocene echinoids and mollusks 1968), inferred to unconformably overlie Tbm Middle claystone member—Muddy marine nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon. sandstone and silty claystone; locally Maximum exposed thickness about 200 m pebbly. Poorly exposed; forms swale Nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon between upper and lower members (“Pato red beds”) (lower Miocene and Tbl Lower sandstone member—Pale-yellowish-gray upper Oligocene?)—In the Santa Barbara and pale-yellowish-brown, locally pebbly, Canyon area (Fox Mountain quadrangle; thick-bedded to massive, lenticular sand- Vedder, 1968), the following units were stone. Interfingers westward with Monterey originally placed in the Pato Red Member Formation (Tm) north of Ozena fault. In- (now abandoned) of the Vaqueros Formation cludes sandstone beds east of Santa Barbara (Tv) by English (1916), but due to their Canyon mapped by Vedder (1968) as Saltos nonmarine depositional environment Shale (Tmsh) were subsequently placed in the Caliente Tm Monterey Formation, undivided (middle and Formation (Tc) by Hill and others (1958). lower Miocene)—Pale-brown to light- However, the early Miocene and late yellowish-gray, platy to hackly, thinly lami- Oligocene(?) age of these rocks is older nated, generally hard, silicic, marine clay- than Caliente rocks mapped in the Caliente stone and shale; weathers white and platy. Range that are at least as young as late Maximum thickness greater than about 500 Miocene (Vedder and Repenning, 1975), m in western Fox Mountain quadrangle as well as rocks in the southern part of the (Vedder, 1968) New Cuyama quadrangle, where tentative 8 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

Caliente beds overlie upper Miocene claystone and mudstone. Unit Tcg of rocks of the Santa Margarita Sandstone Vedder (1968) (Tsm) (Vedder and Repenning, 1975). In Tncb Conglomerate and breccia member— addition, in the Lockwood Valley and Dry Light-brown and brownish-gray to Creek regions, rocks mapped as Caliente pale-reddish-brown breccia and conglomer- Formation (Tc) are as young as uppermost ate; locally red or greenish gray. Massive Miocene (Carman, 1964; James, 1963; to poorly stratified. Contains large (as long Kellogg, 1999; Kellogg and Miggins, as 3 m) Eocene sandstone boulders. Inter- 2002), also younger than the nonmarine fingers northward with red pebble-boulder rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon. The conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon member (Tnp). Equivalent to unit Tcb of also underlie rocks mapped as lower Vedder (1968) Miocene Vaqueros Formation (unit Tv Trd Rhyolite dikes (late Oligocene)—White to light- of this map), which, if they are Caliente gray, porphyritic, 5- to 10-m-thick; phe- Formation, is stratigraphically inconsistent nocrysts are sanidine, plagioclase, quartz, with relationships to the north and east, and biotite. Most dikes are partially altered where Vaqueros beds underlie or interfinger with iron-oxide-coated fractures. Intrudes with rocks mapped as Caliente Formation unnamed Eocene shale and sandstone (units (Vedder and Repenning, 1975; Minor, 2004). Tum and Tush) near junction of Ozena The nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara fault and eastern Big Pine fault. Correlated Canyon, at least in part, may correlate with rhyolite dikes of Domain 4, which have more properly with similar rocks of the a 40Ar/39Ar age of about 25.0 Ma (Stanley nonmarine Sespe Formation (Tsp) to the and others, 2000; Wilson and others, 2005) south in Domain 1. Until these stratigraphic Tcd Cozy Dell Shale (upper Eocene)—Gray to grayish- problems are resolved, rocks mapped by tan, argillaceous to silty, micaceous marine Vedder (1968) as “Caliente Formation of shale and minor, thin-bedded, fine-grained Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958)” are here marine sandstone. Weathers grayish-brown called the nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara with abundant brown silty chips. Similar Canyon (informally referred to as “Pato red to shale member of Cozy Dell Shale (Tcd) beds”). Combined thickness about 300 m as mapped in Domains 1 and 4. Contains Tnp Red pebble-boulder conglomerate and foraminifera assigned to Narizian Stage and conglomeratic sandstone member—Red to Penutian or lower part of Ulatisian Stages pale-red and reddish-brown, thin-bedded to (Vedder and others, 1973). Lies in core of very thick bedded conglomeratic sandstone Madulce syncline. Top of unit eroded in and pebble-boulder conglomerate. Locally Domain 2; at least 500 m thick cross-stratified. Interbedded with thin red Matilija Sandstone (upper and middle Eocene)— claystone and mudstone beds. Increasingly Predominantly thick-bedded sandstone. coarse grained towards Ozena fault zone, Contains mollusks assigned to Tejon and where larger clasts (some greater than 1 Domengine molluscan stages (Squires, m long) were derived mostly from Eocene 1987). Combined thickness about 1,050 m sandstone. Unit Tc of Vedder (1968) Tma Sandstone member—Pale yellowish-gray to Tnv Variegated member—Reddish, greenish, and almost white, medium- to coarse-grained, purplish, relatively thin-bedded sandstone, thick-bedded to massive, locally cross- mudstone, and claystone. Unit Tcv of bedded, locally pebbly sandstone; contains Vedder (1968) thin beds and laminae of gray siltstone and Tnsc Sandstone and conglomerate member— claystone. Resistant and forms prominent Reddish-orange to light-olive-gray, locally yellowish cliffs clayey, thick-bedded and lenticular con- Tmas Mixed sandstone and shale member—Pale- glomeratic sandstone and conglomerate; yellowish-gray to greenish-gray, mostly locally gypsiferous. Intertongues with fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded, evenly variegated beds (Tnv). Units Tco and Tcr bedded sandstone. Increasing amounts of of Vedder (1968) gray siltstone and claystone in upper part. Tng Gypsiferous mudstone member—Pale-olive Sandstone commonly contains fossiliferous to yellowish-brown and greenish-gray to yellowish-brown calcareous concretions and bluish-gray, indistinctly bedded, poorly lenses. Corresponds generally to unit Tmaf indurated, gypsiferous, tuffaceous(?) of Vedder and others (1973) Description of Map Units 9

Unnamed marine units (Eocene)—Units include beds of feldspathic sandstone. Mollusks, very thick sequence of marine sandstone, foraminifera, and palynomorphs indicate age siltstone, and mudstone beds mapped as is early Eocene to Late Cretaceous, although Juncal Formation (Tj) by Vedder and others Cretaceous rocks may locally be absent. (1973) and Minor (2004), but uncertainty Similar to mudstone and minor sandstone as to age and correlations, especially in unit (TKs) in Domain 1. Thickness highly the Fox Mountain (Vedder, 1968) and Big variable; as thick as 400 m Pine Mountain (Vedder and others, 1995) Ksm Mudstone and subordinate sandstone (Upper quadrangles leads us to leave these rocks Cretaceous)—Silty and clayey, micaceous unnamed. Total thickness greater than about marine mudstone and varying amounts of 5,000 m thin- to thick-bedded sandstone. Similar to Tum Mixed sandstone and shale—Roughly sub- sandstone and subordinate mudstone unit equal amounts of marine sandstone, silt- (Kms) in Domain 1 but mapped separately stone, and shale, similar to units described because intervening Big Pine fault marks in other unnamed Eocene beds. Mapped as major tectonic boundary (Vedder and others, a member of the Juncal Formation (Tj) by 1995) Minor (2004) Kss Sandstone and subordinate mudstone and Tus Sandstone and minor mudstone—Olive- conglomerate (Upper Cretaceous)—Buff, gray, yellowish-tan-weathering, feldspathic, fine- to very coarse-grained, micaceous, fine-grained to very coarse grained, locally locally conglomeratic, thin- to thick-bedded, conglomeratic, thin- to thick-bedded, lenticular feldspathic marine sandstone. micaceous, poorly sorted, lenticular marine Includes interbedded, thin-bedded, sandstone; mudstone occurs in partings micaceous mudstone beds. Contains Upper and thin, locally lenticular beds. Clasts Cretaceous mollusks in upper part (Vedder are as large as cobbles, well rounded, and and others, 1995). Thickness highly mostly quartzite and porphyritic, siliceous variable; maximum thickness about 600 m metavolcanics (Vedder and others, 1995). Kcg Conglomerate (Upper Cretaceous)—Thick- Abundant carbonaceous material on some bedded, lenticular, marine conglomerate bedding planes. Commonly forms ledges composed of well-rounded pebble, cobble, or cliffs. Conformable above unit TKm and boulders of mostly porphyritic siliceous in western part of map area. Unit includes metavolcanic rocks, granitoid rocks, and sandstone member of Juncal Formation (Tj) quartzite. Two mapped lenticular beds as of Vedder and others (1973) thick as 25 m interbedded with mudstone Tush Claystone, mudstone, and shale—Dark-gray and subordinate sandstone unit (Ksm) and brownish-gray to greenish-gray and Ksw White sandstone of Big Pine Mountain olive-black, thin-bedded to indistinctly (Upper Cretaceous)—White, medium- to bedded, concretionary marine claystone, coarse-grained, micaceous, thick-bedded to mudstone, and shale, with a few thin, fine- massive, feldspathic marine sandstone and grained sandstone beds. Includes claystone, minor mudstone. Weathering resembles mudstone, and shale member of Juncal granitic grus. Forms white, cliff-forming Formation (Tj) of Vedder and others (1973) beds, lighter in color than buff-colored unit and siltstone and shale member of Juncal Kms, in Big Pine Mountain quadrangle in Formation (Tj) of Minor (2004) western map area (Vedder and others, 1995). Tuc Conglomerate—Dark-brownish-gray, As thick as about 140 m lenticular-bedded conglomerate; cobbles mostly well rounded and composed chiefly Rocks of the Caliente Hills (Domain 3) of granitic rock, andesite porphyry, and Caliente Formation (Pliocene? to lower quartzite in hard sandstone matrix. Includes Miocene)—Nonmarine fluvial deposits conglomerate beds of Juncal Formation (Tj) containing alkalic olivine basalt flows in of Vedder and others (1973) upper part. Total exposed thickness in map TKm Mudstone, claystone, and minor sandstone (lower area about 760 m Eocene to Upper Cretaceous)—Olive- Tcc Upper sandstone and conglomerate member gray to brownish-gray, micaceous, thin- (lower Pliocene or upper Miocene)—Pale- bedded to indistinctly bedded, locally red to reddish-brown or grayish-red and concretionary marine siltstone, claystone, very-pale-orange or white arkosic sandstone, and mudstone; includes thin, fine-grained pebbly sandstone, and conglomerate; thick 10 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

bedded to lenticular and poorly stratified; Tv Vaqueros Formation, undivided (lower crossbedded in places; contains thin beds Miocene)—Interbedded marine siltstone of reddish mudstone. Contains mammalian and sandstone. Mapped in southeastern part fossils of Hemphillian age (early Pliocene or of Caliente Range and tentatively includes late Miocene) in lower part. Corresponds to Soda Lake Shale Member (Tvs) and Quail units Tc3 and Tc5 of Vedder and Repenning Canyon Sandstone Member (Tvq) (Vedder (1975) and Repenning, 1975) Tcb Alkalic olivine basalt flows (upper Tvpr Painted Rock Sandstone Member—Pale- Miocene)—Dark-gray to brownish-gray, greenish-gray, yellowish-gray, brownish- locally vesicular; includes some interbedded gray, and olive sandstone, siltstone, and sandstone and conglomerate. Corresponds claystone; conglomeratic in places, includ- to units Tb and Tb5 and small parts of unit ing some pebble- to boulder-conglomerate Tc of Vedder and Repenning (1975) lenses in lower part. Contains lower Mio- Ti Intrusive olivine diabase (upper? cene mollusks and foraminifera. About 270 Miocene)—Alkalic olivine diabase in sills m thick and small plugs. Locally forms columnar- Tvs Soda Lake Shale Member—Brownish-gray, jointed outcrops (Vedder and Repenning, dark-greenish-gray, and olive-gray clay- 1975). Intrudes middle Miocene rocks of stone, siltstone, and shale; laminated to lower part of the Caliente Formation and poorly bedded, locally concretionary. Con- is probably source for olivine basalt flows tains a fine- to coarse-grained, light-gray to interbedded with upper Caliente Formation yellowish-gray, thick-bedded, lenticular, re- Tcsl Lower sandstone and conglomerate member sistant sandstone bed that resembles Painted (middle Miocene)—Variegated, lenticular Rock Sandstone Member (Tvpr). Contains and thin- to thick-bedded, cross-stratified lower Miocene mollusks and foraminifera sandstone, conglomerate, and mudstone; in upper part and suspected reworked upper includes thin zones of bentonitic claystone. Oligocene (Zemorrian) foraminifera in low- Contains possibly reworked mammal bones ermost part; Vedder and Repenning (1975) of Barstovian and Hemingfordian age. consider member entirely Miocene in age. Corresponds to unit Tc2 of Vedder and Highly variable thickness; as much as about Repenning (1975) 370 m Tcs Mudstone and sandstone member (middle Tvq Quail Canyon Sandstone Member— and lower Miocene)—Dusky-red and Yellowish-gray to light-gray, fine- to grayish-olive, thin-bedded claystone and medium-grained, thick-bedded and mudstone interbedded with pale-greenish- lenticular, locally crossbedded sandstone. gray to yellowish-gray thin- to thick-bedded Unit thins to west. Contains sparse middle sandstone and conglomerate. Contains pos- to lower Miocene mollusks (Vedder and sibly reworked mammal bones of Arikaree- Repenning, 1975). Thickness variable; as an age (early Miocene to early Oligocene), thick as about 30 m but Vedder and Repenning (1975) consider Simmler Formation (Oligocene?)—Nonmarine. unit no older than early Miocene. Base of Formation as thick as about 850 m unit grades westward into lower Miocene Tsh Shale member—Grayish-red, dusky-red, Painted Rock Sandstone Member of Vaque- greenish-gray and olive, thin- to indistinctly ros Formation (Tvpr). Corresponds to unit bedded claystone and siltstone; interbedded Tc1 of Vedder and Repenning (1975) with medium- to coarse-grained, thin- to Tmsh Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Formation thick-bedded sandstone. Corresponds to (middle and lower Miocene)—Greenish- units Ts2 and Ts4 of Vedder and Repenning gray to brownish-gray, indistinctly bedded, (1975) locally pebbly and concretionary, clayey, Tss Sandstone and shale member—Pale-olive, marine siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. pale-greenish-gray, and yellowish-gray, Locally includes medium- to coarse-grained fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded sandstone sandstone that resembles Branch Canyon of interbedded with greenish-gray and red- the Vaqueros Formation in western Caliente dish siltstone and claystone. Corresponds Range but is absent in eastern part of range. to units Ts1, Ts2, and Ts3 of Vedder and Contains early and middle Miocene age Repenning (1975) mollusks and foraminifera. Thickness about Tp Pattiway Formation (Paleocene)—Olive-gray to 500 m dark-gray, locally concretionary, clayey to Description of Map Units 11

sandy siltstone and light-olive-gray, fine- siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. Base to medium-grained marine sandstone. of unit in the western exposures of Reyes Contains numerous lenticular beds of Peak quadrangle consist of a thin, light- yellowish-gray to pale-greenish-gray, gray sandy conglomerate with subrounded thick-bedded to massive, deeply channeled, clasts of Monterey Shale. Upper member pebble to boulder conglomerate and fine- to in Lockwood Valley quadrangle (Kellogg, coarse-grained sandstone. Contains upper 1999) consists of coarse-grained, poorly Paleocene (Ynezian) foraminifera. Base of sorted, light orange-brown to orange arkosic formation not exposed; at least 360 m thick sandstone, conglomerate, and minor clay- stone, suggesting closer source rock than upper member in Reyes Peak quadrangle. Rocks North of Pine Mountain Fault, East of Maximum thickness more than 300 m Cuyama River, and South of San Andreas Fault Tqc Conglomeratic member—Tan, yellowish- (including wedge between Eastern Big Pine and gray and light-gray, medium- to thick-bed- Pine Mountain Faults) (Domain 4) ded, variably resistant fluvial conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone with minor QTm Morales Formation, undivided (Pleistocene and interbeds of clayey to silty sandstone. Clasts upper Pliocene)—Light-gray to light- are subrounded to well-rounded, rarely as brownish-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, large as boulders, and consist of granitic and weakly to moderately indurated, arkosic- gneissic rocks and lesser volcanic rocks, lithic fluvial sandstone, pebbly sandstone, schist, and sandstone. Thickness variable; and conglomerate. Contains minor gray, as great as 300 m (Minor, 2004) fine-grained sandstone and mudstone Tqp Gypsiferous member—Gray and nearly white primarily in the lower part. Generally gypsum beds as thick as 15 m, locally silty. well bedded. Conglomerate clasts mostly Exposed in northern Cuyama Peak and subrounded to rounded and include granitic Ballinger Canyon quadrangles rocks, gneiss, felsic to intermediate volcanic Tqw White sandstone member—Conspicuous rocks, sandstone, basalt, quartz, quartzite, white to light-gray, thick- to medium- and chert. Commonly poorly exposed. Age bedded, arkosic to lithic-feldspathic sand- based on sparse vertebrate fossils of Blancan stone, locally pebbly to conglomeratic. age (Vedder, 1968), and on paleomagnetic Contains sparse brown partings and thin stratigraphy (Ellis and others, 1993). Tuff layers of brown mudstone and siltstone. near top of unit interpreted as middle Overlies Lockwood Clay (Tlc), or Caliente Pleistocene (Stone and Cossette, 2000). Formation where the Lockwood Clay is Maximum known thickness in Apache absent, mostly in the Sawmill Mountain Canyon quadrangle about 1,100 m (Stone (Kellogg and Miggins, 2002) and the and Cossette, 2000) Reyes Peak quadrangles (Minor, 2004). QTmu Upper member—Mostly sandstone and pebble Includes sandstone of Nettle Spring of Stone conglomerate (Dibblee, unpub. data, 2001). and Cossette (2000) in Apache Canyon Mapped largely in Cuyama Peak quadrangle quadrangle. As thick as 250 m in Reyes QTml Lower member—Mostly claystone with Peak quadrangle (Minor, 2004); as thick minor sandstone; basal calcareous layer as 210 m in Sawmill Mountain quadrangle (Dibblee, unpub. data, 2001). Mapped (Kellogg and Miggins, 2002) mostly in Cuyama Peak and Apache Canyon Tqg Green mudstone member—Medium- to quadrangles coarse-grained, gray-green silty and clayey Tq Quatal Formation, undivided (Pliocene)— sandstone and pebbly conglomerate; minor Primarily varicolored fluvial sedimentary claystone beds, which become more numer- sequences consisting of interbedded ous near base. Beds typically 1 to 3 m thick. mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, pebbly Conformable above Lockwood Clay (Tlc); sandstone, and conglomerate. Gypsum and exposed mostly in Lockwood Valley quad- gypsiferous mudstone occur locally rangle (Kellogg, 1999) where it pinches out Tqu Upper member—In Reyes Peak quadrangle in north part of quadrangle. As thick as (Minor, 2004) consists of brown and 180 m brownish-gray massive to poorly bedded, Tqx Sedimentary breccia—Tan, olive, yellowish- locally sandy claystone; contains a few thin tan, and greenish-gray, thick- to medium- light-gray and pale brown, flaggy to tabular bedded, sedimentary breccia, conglomerate, 12 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

sandstone, and rare siltstone. Breccia and Formation in western part of Apache conglomerate clasts derived mostly from Canyon quadrangle may include part of Eocene sandstone and siltstone are as long fanglomerate member of Simmler Formation as 5 m, although most are much smaller. (unit Tscg) (Paul Stone, written commun., Exposed along Big Pine fault and interpreted 2006). Maximum observed thickness in as shed from uplifting hanging-wall block Lockwood Valley region about 700 m of Big Pine fault (Minor, 2004). Minimum (Carman, 1964) exposed thickness about 100 m; probably Tcb Alkalic olivine basalt flow—Dense, black much thicker at depth olivine basalt flow between Ballinger Tlc Lockwood Clay (Pliocene?)—Reddish-brown, Canyon and Quatal Canyon in undivided poorly consolidated, massive montmorillon- Caliente Formation (Dibblee, 1972) itic clay, with a small component of kaolin Tcu Upper member—North of the Lockwood (Carmen, 1964). Weathers to red-brown Valley fault, consists of an upper light-brown clayey soil with sparse vegetation, which argillaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone, includes wild onions (Allium hotwellii) and a lower white to light-gray arkosic- and buckwheat (Erigonium ordii and E. lithic sandstone and minor conglomerate trichopes). Protolith uncertain, but may (Stone and Cossette, 2000). Forms a locally be strongly altered tuff (Carman, 1964) conspicuous light-colored band between the or deeply weathered loess deposit (P.L. underlying gypsiferous red sandstone and Ehlig, oral commun., 1998). Base of unit is mudstone member (Tcr) and the overlying disconformable or forms a very low angle Lockwood Clay. South of the Lockwood unconformity above the Caliente Formation Valley fault, unit consists of a light-gray, (Tc). Although age is uncertain, local basal buff, and olive-green, arkosic, silt- and clay- unconformity and latest Miocene vertebrate rich sandstone and pebble conglomerate. fossils from uppermost part of underlying Beds lensoidal. Pebbles consist mainly of Caliente Formation in the Sawmill Mountain granitic, gneissic, and felsic volcanic rocks. quadrangle suggest age is early Pliocene. Forms well developed badlands topography. Placed in lowermost part of the Quatal As thick as 100 m Formation (Tq) by Hill and others (1958). Tcg Granitic-clast fanglomerate member—Light- Thickness 0–50 m gray to light grayish-brown, massive to Tns Sandstone of Nettle Springs of Stone and Cossette poorly bedded, granitic-clast sedimentary (2000), Lockwood Clay, and upper part breccia, conglomerate and subordinate of Caliente Formation, undivided (lower coarse-grained grusy sandstone. Granitic Pliocene and upper Miocene)—Mapped clasts locally longer than 1 m; also contains only at one locality in the north-central variable amounts of volcanic and gneissic Apache Canyon quadrangle (Stone and Cos- clasts. Forms basal Caliente facies in the sette, 2000) San Guillermo Mountain quadrangle (Minor, Tc Caliente Formation, undivided (upper to middle 1999), where unit rests unconformably on Miocene)—Mostly light-gray to brownish- Eocene rocks and locally interfingers with gray, interbedded fluvial mudstone, mostly overlying variegated mudstone and siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate; sandstone member (Tcsh). Near Cuyama locally gypsiferous and commonly forming River, unconformably(?) overlies sandstone badland topography (Carman, 1964; Kellogg and conglomerate member of nonmarine and Miggins; 2002, Minor, 2004; Stone rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon (“Pato red and Cossette, 2000). Age is constrained beds”) of Domain 2 by Hemphillian to late Barstovian (upper Tcsc Sandstone and conglomerate member— to middle Miocene) mammalian fossils Gray-brown, light-tan, and greenish-brown collected in and adjacent to the Apache clayey and silty lithic-arkosic sandstone and Canyon quadrangle (James, 1963; Kelley conglomerate. Clasts well rounded, as long and Lander, 1988). Furthermore, basalt as 25 cm, and composed predominantly of flows in type section in Caliente Range intermediate to felsic porphyritic volcanic have recalculated K/Ar ages of 14.6–14.8 rocks; pink and purple felsite particularly Ma (Turner, 1970), and a thin tuff layer common. Also contains clasts of fine- identified in middle Caliente beds in Dry grained to medium-grained granitic rocks, Canyon has a recalculated K/Ar age of 15.6 gneiss, quartz, and basalt. Forms well- Ma (James, 1963). Lower part of Caliente developed badlands topography. North Description of Map Units 13

of Lockwood Valley fault, lies conformably granitic rocks derived from underlying units above and locally interfingers with of Plush Ranch Formation. Unit present granitic-clast fanglomerate member (Tcg). only along Lockwood Valley fault zone and South of Lockwood Valley fault, locally may result from south-flowing debris flows forms highest stratigraphic member of across active fault formation. Mapped as volcanic-clast Vaqueros Formation (lower Miocene)—Interbedded conglomerate member in Cuddy Valley marine sandstone and shale quadrangle (Kellogg, 2003). Tvss Sandstone member—Light-brown, thin- to Tcr Gypsiferous red sandstone and mudstone thick-bedded, fine- to coarse-grained arkosic member—Red-brown, reddish-gray, and sandstone; includes subordinate brown, gray, poorly to moderately indurated, clayey, sandy siltstone and pebbly sandstone commonly pebbly sandstone and conglomer- Tvs Soda Lake Shale Member—Brownish-gray, ate. Contains well-rounded clasts as long as dark-greenish-gray, and olive-gray clay- 10 cm. Mostly gypsiferous. In Dry Canyon stone, siltstone, and shale; laminated to in western Sawmill Mountain quadrangle, poorly bedded, locally concretionary. Inter- interbedded red and gray beds form con- fingers with upper, fanglomerate member of spicuous striped appearance and spectacular Simmler Formation (Dibblee, 1972) badland topography (Kellogg and Miggins, Simmler Formation (Miocene and Oligocene?)— 2002). Also mapped near border between Divided into two, approximately equally Ballinger Canyon and Cuyama Peak quad- thick non-marine facies, an upper rangles (T.W. Dibblee, Jr., unpub. data, fanglomerate member and a lower 2001). As thick as 275 m but pinches out to conglomerate, sandstone, and shale member south Tscg Fanglomerate member (Miocene and Tcl Lower red-and-white-banded member— Oligocene?)—Upper, southern facies Reddish-brown sandy mudstone and white consists mostly of pink sandstone to light-gray arkosic-lithic sandstone, pebbly that becomes increasingly coarse and sandstone, and conglomerate, interbedded to conglomeratic to southeast; includes produce a banded appearance. Clasts mostly thin interbeds of reddish, micaceous intermediate volcanic and granitic rocks, but shale (Dibblee, 1982). North of Quatal also include gneiss, schist, diorite, quartz, Canyon, unit coarsens upsection into red chert, argillite, and sandstone. Abundant fanglomerate that contains granitic and vertebrate fossils indicate late Clarendo- gneissic detritus probably derived from nian to late Barstovian (early late to middle Mt. Pinos and Sawmill Mountain regions; Miocene) age (James, 1963; Kelly and the uppermost part contains Pelona Schist Lander, 1988). Mapped in Apache Canyon (Tps) detritus. Exposed in “Cuyama area (Stone and Cossette, 2000) where unit badlands” south of the San Andreas fault overlies granite of Apache Canyon (Kga) in the Ballinger Canyon, Santiago Creek, and diorite of Apache Canyon (Kda) and Apache Canyon quadrangles. Includes Tcsh Variegated mudstone and sandstone mem- sedimentary breccia of Apache Potrero ber—Multi-colored (hues of gray, green, or- and sedimentary breccia and sandstone of ange, tan, yellow, brown, and red) interbed- Cowhead Potrero of Stone and Cossette ded sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and rare (2000), which were previously included claystone; locally gypsiferous. Sandstone is in Caliente Formation (Tc) (Van Amringe, locally pebbly; some granitic-clast conglom- 1957; Frakes, 1959) and part of Cowhead erate included (Minor, 1999). Grain size de- Potrero Formation of Ziony (1958). Also creases up section and also to east; outcrops includes sandstone of Blue Rock Spring of near eastern boundary of the San Guillermo Stone and Cossette (2000), a reddish-brown, Mountain quadrangle are pale-green to thick-bedded, coarse-grained, micaceous pale- greenish-gray and reddish-brown, lithic sandstone as thick as 40 m that directly well-bedded, clay-rich, mudstone, siltstone, underlies the Caliente Formation and sandstone. Includes both “variegated Tsc Conglomerate, sandstone, and shale member sedimentary beds” and “clay-rich sedimen- (Oligocene?)—Lower, northern facies com- tary facies” of Minor (1999) posed of pink sandstone and conglomerate, Tcx Basal breccia member—Gray, grussy, massive and interbedded reddish-gray, silty clay- to crudely bedded, sedimentary breccia and stone. Sequence coarsens upsection and is minor conglomerate. Clasts of gneiss and separated by Dibblee (1971) into lower pink 14 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

and gray sandstone and shale sequence and thin-bedded gypsum beds interbedded upper maroon sandstone and conglomerate with dark-brown mudstone. In eastern sequence exposures, thin limestone and shale beds are Nonmarine rocks of Santa Barbara Canyon (“Pato interbedded with borax-bearing evaporite red beds”) (lower Miocene and upper minerals, mostly colemanite, which was Oligocene?) mined until World War I (Carman, 1964). Tnsc Sandstone and conglomerate member— Weathers yellowish tan. Interpreted as Reddish-orange to light-olive-gray, locally basin-center lacustrine deposits (Cole and clayey, thick-bedded and lenticular con- Stanley, 1995). Thickness highly variable; glomeratic sandstone and conglomerate; as much as 900 m thick locally gypsiferous. Part of extensive unit in Tprb Basalt member—Black, medium- to fine- Domain 2; comprises a tongue that extends grained, locally vesicular basalt flows and about one km into Domain 4. Unconform- sills. Contains about 62 percent calcic ably underlies granitic-clast fanglomerate plagioclase, 18 percent clinopyroxene, member of Caliente Formation (Tcg) 15 percent olivine, partially altered to Plush Ranch Formation of Carman (1964) (lower iddingsite, and 5 percent opaque minerals. Miocene and Oligocene)—Included with Plagioclase forms small phenocrysts as Simmler Formation by Dibblee (1979). long as 2 mm. Mostly massive; faint Nonmarine pillow structures reported at some localities Tprr Granite and gneiss breccia member––Light- (Carman, 1964; Cole and Stanley, 1995). to dark-gray, massive to poorly stratified Interlayered with and locally crosscuts conglomerate and sedimentary breccia; subaqueous mudstone and evaporite deposits moderately to well bedded on a large (tens of lacustrine member (Tprl) (Kellogg, of meters) scale. Clasts are angular to 2003). Weathers to dark-brown, sandy subrounded, as long as 2 m, and composed soil containing abundant basalt clasts. of varying proportions of granite of Potassium-argon ages range from 20.9±0.9 Lockwood Peak (Kgl) and Proterozoic to 26.5±0.5 Ma (early Miocene to late augen gneiss of Frazier Mountain (Xag) Oligocene) (Frizzell and Wiegand, 1993). (Kellogg, 1999). Interpreted as coarse- Maximum thickness of individually mapped grained fan-delta deposits adjacent to a units about 200 m basin-bounding normal fault, proposed to Tprx Megabreccia member—Gray, massive, poorly exist at site of present Lockwood Valley sorted, well consolidated, clast-supported, fault (Cole and Stanley, 1995). Base not sedimentary breccia. Clasts entirely granite exposed; thickness locally greater than of Mt. Pinos (Kgp) and as long as 15 m 375 m (Bohannon, 1976). Contacts with surround- Tprs Sandstone member—Light-gray-brown, ing mostly mudstone beds of lacustrine orange-brown, and olive-brown, flaggy member (Tprl) sharp; indents underlying to blocky, well-indurated, medium- to beds indicating soft-sediment deformation coarse-grained, sandy mudstone, well- during deposition. Interpreted as rockslide sorted arkosic sandstone, and subordinate deposits that slid into subaqueous sediments pebble and cobble conglomerate; clasts of lacustrine member (Tprl) (Cole and mostly granitic rocks with minor gneiss and Stanley, 1995) quartzite. Contains interbedded light-gray- Tprc Basal conglomerate member (Oligocene?)— brown, moderately indurated sandy siltstone. Maroon and reddish-tan, well-indurated, Interpreted as alluvial-plain deposits and poorly sorted, massively bedded conglomer- subaqueous fan-delta deposits (Cole and ate and subordinate lenses of tan, coarse- Stanley, 1995). Thickness variable; as much grained feldspathic sandstone as thick as 2 as 820 m thick m. Both clast- and matrix-supported clasts Tprl Lacustrine member—Light-olive-brown to are subangular to well rounded, and consist orange-brown, commonly fissile mudstone, mostly of biotite gneiss and granitic rocks, shale, siltstone, evaporites, and fine-grained with minor amounts of quartz and schist to very fine grained sandstone. Sandstone similar to Pelona Schist (Tps); possible is thin bedded, ledgy, tan, well cemented, source areas all within 5 km of exposures. laterally continuous, and normally graded; Mapped in Cuddy Valley quadrangle adja- some soft-sediment deformation in finer cent to the Lockwood Valley fault (Kellogg, grained beds. Near top of unit are 2003) Description of Map Units 15

Trd Rhyolite dike (late Oligocene)—White to light- greenish-gray to grayish-brown, thin- to gray, porphyritic, 5- to 10-m-thick, rhyolite thick-bedded sandstone and claystone dikes. Phenocrysts are sanidine, plagioclase, Tjsh Shale member—Dark-gray and brownish-gray quartz, and biotite. Most dikes are partially to greenish-gray and dark-olive claystone, altered with iron-oxide-coated fractures. mudstone, and shale; laminated or thin Intrudes shale and sandstone of Eocene bedded; contains thin beds and lamina of Juncal Formation. 40Ar/39Ar age at Wagon fine-grained sandstone. Abundant microfos- Road Canyon just south of eastern Big Pine sils and mollusks suggest a middle Eocene fault about 25.0 Ma (Stanley and others, age (Vedder and others, 1973) 2000; Wilson and others, 2005) Tjc Conglomerate member—Dark-brownish- Cozy Dell Shale (upper Eocene)—Predominantly gray conglomerate interbedded with pebbly, marine shale and subordinate sandstone in coarse-grained, quartzofeldspathic sand- core of Piedra Blanca syncline. Upper con- stone; cobbles are well rounded, mostly tact eroded in domain; maximum preserved matrix supported, and composed of granitic thickness about 400 m rocks, andesite porphyry, gneiss, and chert; clasts commonly coated with iron oxides. Tcd Shale member—Brown to brownish-gray, silty Conglomerate member forms lenses and claystone, mudstone, and shale, laminated tongues within other, finer grained facies in to indistinctly bedded; concretionary; southeastern exposures of Juncal Formation contains thin beds and laminae of very fine Tem Marine shale and minor sandstone (lower to medium-grained sandstone (Vedder and Eocene)—Black to dark-brown, fissile, others, 1973) micaceous, mostly indistinctly bedded, Tcds Sandstone member—Pale-yellowish-gray marine siltstone and shale, with minor to greenish-gray, thin- to thick-bedded, brown, fine- to medium-grained, thin- with interbeds of siltstone and shale. bedded sandstone. Contains black dolomitic Incompletely mapped in Madulce Peak concretions as long as 2 m. Disconformably quadrangle due to inaccessibility (Vedder overlies granite of Mount Pinos (Kgp) along and others, 1973) south side of mountain. Contains abundant Matilija Sandstone (upper and middle Eocene)— lower Eocene mollusks and benthic Predominantly thick-bedded marine foraminifera (Squires, 1988). Overlain sandstone and minor mudstone. Maximum unconformably by rocks of the Plush Ranch thickness about 500 m (Minor, 2004) Formation. One measured section about 200 Tma Sandstone member—Pale yellowish-gray to m east of North Fork of Lockwood Creek is almost white, medium- to coarse-grained, 605 m thick (Squires, 1988) thick-bedded to massive, crossbedded in Tp Pattiway? Formation (Paleocene)—Interbedded places, locally pebbly; contains thin beds sandstone and shale exposed in southern and lamina of gray siltstone and claystone Ballinger Canyon and Santiago Creek quad- Tmas Mudstone and sandstone member—Dark- rangles (Dibblee, 1972, 1973). Tentatively gray to greenish-gray, thin-bedded to indis- correlated with Pattiway Formation of the tinctly bedded, silty claystone and shale; Caliente Range (Vedder and Repenning, contains a few thin, fine-grained sandstone 1975) beds Tmy Mylonite of Sawmill Mountain thrust fault Juncal Formation (middle and lower? Eocene)— (Paleocene)—Greenish-gray to dark- Interbedded marine conglomerate, green, very well indurated augen-rich sandstone, and mudstone. Overlies Late mylonite above trace of Sawmill Mountain Cretaceous granite of Lockwood Peak (Kgl). thrust fault. Base is ribbony, with thin, Total thickness greater than 1,500 m white quartz stringers. In most places, Tjs Sandstone member—Light-olive-gray to contact between mylonite and structurally greenish-gray, fine- to very coarse grained underlying unmylonitized Pelona Schist and locally pebbly, thin- to thick-bedded (Tps) is sharp. Degree of mylonitization sandstone, with thin interbeds and partings generally decreases upward into overlying of dark-greenish-gray shale. Weathers light gneissic rocks, although locally there are tan, with ubiquitous iron-oxide (“rusty”) several discrete mylonite zones over a coatings on fracture surfaces vertical distance as great as 140 m. There Tjm Mixed sandstone and mudstone member— is considerable brittle deformation near Approximately equal amounts of thin, structural top of mylonite zone, with small 16 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

offsets and many slickensided surfaces. porphyritic granite. Contains approximately Greenschist-grade metamorphism and 10–25 percent quartz, 50–70 percent ductile deformation within mylonite reflect microcline, mostly as subhedral phenocrysts mid-crustal conditions during movement. as long as 2 cm, 15 percent plagioclase, An early Paleocene metamorphic age for the 3–10 percent biotite, commonly clumped Pelona Schist (Tps) (Kellogg and Miggins, and surrounding the microcline phenocrysts, 2002) constrains age of mylonite to be no and traces of sphene, zircon, and opaque older than Paleocene minerals (Kellogg and Miggins, 2002). Tps Pelona Schist (Paleocene)—Silvery-gray to Commonly weathers to grusy soil. U/Pb brownish-gray, medium-grained micaceous zircon age is 75.1±1.6 Ma (W.R. Premo, quartzofeldspathic schist and micaceous written commun., 2006) quartzite. Typically contains 30–60 percent Kga Granite of Apache Canyon (Cretaceous?)— quartz, commonly as porphyroblasts as long Massive to weakly foliated, medium- as about 4 mm containing many small inclu- grained, equigranular to slightly porphyritic, sions, 15–20 percent albite, 10–20 percent leucocratic granite. Forms small outcrops muscovite, 2–20 percent biotite, 10 percent in Apache Canyon quadrangle; may be epidote, 2–5 percent calcite, trace to 2 per- intrusive into diorite of Apache Canyon (unit cent garnet, and traces of zircon and opaque Kda) (Stone and Cossette, 2000). Probably minerals. Foliation is parallel to relict bed- Cretaceous age ding at most localities. Depositional age of Kda Diorite of Apache Canyon (Cretaceous?)— protolith probably Late Cretaceous (Jacob- Massive to weakly foliated, coarse-grained, son and others, 2000). Metamorphic age of dark-gray biotite-hornblende diorite. schist is Paleocene based on 40Ar/39Ar age Forms small outcrops in Apache Canyon on muscovite is 63.24±0.26 (Kellogg and quadrangle (Stone and Cossette, 2000). Miggins, 2000), considered best representa- Probably Cretaceous age tion of age of post-metamorphic cooling. 40Ar/39Ar age on biotite is 56.66±0.15 Ma Kgn Granite of Cerro Noroeste (Late Cretaceous)— Tpsb Metabasalt—Local, small outcrops of dark Medium-grained, massive to strongly greenish-gray, massive, fine-grained, holo- foliated, light-gray to tan, biotite crystalline metabasalt. Contains about 65 granodiorite or monzogranite. Typically percent chlorite, 20 percent quartz, 8 percent contains 15–35 percent quartz, 25–50 opaque minerals, 3 percent biotite, 2 percent percent plagioclase, 10–30 percent calcite, 1 percent euhedral clinopyroxene, microcline, 5–20 percent biotite, 2–4 and 1 percent 1-mm-long garnets percent muscovite, trace–2 percent sphene, Kgl Granite of Lockwood Peak (Late Cretaceous)— and traces of garnet, zircon, apatite, and Coarse-grained, equigranular to porphyritic, opaque minerals. Cut by numerous aplite hypidiomorphic granodiorite and subordi- and pegmatite dikes. Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar nate quartz monzonite. Contains about 20 age on biotite is 67.2±0.5 Ma (Kellogg percent undulatory quartz, 25–50 percent and Miggins, 2002). Intrudes gneissic granodiorite, although 40Ar/39Ar biotite zoned plagioclase (about An27), 5–35 percent microcline, 5–10 percent biotite, 10 percent age is slightly older than 40Ar/39Ar age for hornblende, 1–2 percent sphene, 1 per- gneissic granodiorite. Includes “orange cent opaque minerals and trace apatite and granite” of Kellogg and Miggins (2002), and zircon. Most exposures are equigranular, locally contains inclusions of biotite gneiss but microcline megacrysts as long as 2 cm (Xbg) locally comprise as much as 20 percent of Kgd Gneissic granodiorite (Late Cretaceous)—Gray to rock. Commonly weathers to light-tan grus dark-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, mas- and well-rounded boulders. Includes dikes sive to well foliated, equigranular to porphy- and irregular bodies of quartz monzonite of ritic granodioritic to tonalitic ortho-gneiss. Sheep Creek (Kellogg, 1999). Concordant Phenocrysts commonly deformed and uranium-lead zircon age is 76.05±0.22 Ma sheared into augen. Grades into zones with (Kellogg, 1999; date by W.R. Premo, written well-defined light-and-dark layers (depend- commun.,1997) ing on biotite content) by ductile shearing Kgp Granite of Mount Pinos (Late Cretaceous)— and recrystallization. Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar Coarse-grained to very coarse grained, pink age on biotite is 65.9±0.2 Ma (Kellogg and to pinkish-gray, massive to weakly foliated, Miggins, 2002) Description of Map Units 17 casc Marble, quartzite, and schist (Mesozoic? to by volume) leucocratic, medium-grained Proterozoic?)—White, vitreous, granitic melt phase in layers mostly 1–5 cm medium-grained, well-foliated quartzite; thick. Many granitic layers were injected gray, medium-grained, well-foliated marble; from external sources (Cretaceous granitic and dark-gray schist in small inliers in rocks), although others apparently were granitic rocks. Age unknown, but protoliths derived by in situ partial melting, as shown may be as old as Proterozoic by mafic selvages adjacent to melt layers Xbg Biotite gneiss (Paleoproterozoic)—Gray and black, (Johannes, 1988). Includes areas mapped as layered biotite gneiss. Leucocratic layers biotite-hornblende gneiss and augen gneiss contain quartz, plagioclase, microcline by Kellogg and Miggins (2002), which are (generally less than plagioclase), and biotite. variably migmatitic. Cut by numerous aplite Interlayered with streaks and small lenses of and pegmatite dikes, many of which are amphibolite, especially adjacent to Sawmill presumed Cretaceous in age (Kellogg and Mountain fault zone. Melanocratic layers Miggins, 2002) contain as much as 60 percent biotite and minor hornblende. Locally migmatitic and cut by numerous aplite and pegmatite dikes Fault-Bounded Rocks of the San Andreas (some of which may be Cretaceous in age). Protolith may be part of 1,750–1,680 Ma Fault Zone (Paleoproterozoic) sedimentary assemblage identified in western Transverse Ranges QTg Fault gouge (Holocene to Pliocene?)—Pervasively that was subsequently metamorphosed and sheared, comminuted, and fractured rocks deformed during high strain associated with produced by intermittent slip and cataclasis major orogenic episode 1,450–1,425 Ma along numerous splays of the San Andreas (Mesoproterozoic) (Silver, 1971) fault. Consists of a variety of rock types, Xag Augen gneiss of Frazier Mountain including granitic rocks, sandstone, and (Paleoproterozoic)—Dark-gray to almost quartzite. Movement along present trace black, well-foliated to massive, xenomorphic of the San Andreas fault in map area began augen gneiss, containing white to pink about 5 Ma (Oskin and Stock, 2003; Kellogg microcline porphyroblasts as long as 5 and Minor, 2005) cm (most are less than 2 cm). Contains Tws White arkosic sandstone and conglomerate approximately 30–35 percent undulatory (Miocene?)—White to very pale tan, quartz, 40 percent sodic plagioclase, 10–15 massive to poorly stratified, thick-bedded, percent microcline (almost entirely as arkosic sandstone and conglomerate. augens), 10–20 percent biotite, 2–5 percent Contains large crossbeds and channel fills. muscovite, 1 percent opaque minerals, About 10 percent of unit is matrix-supported and traces of apatite, zircon, and garnet. conglomerate containing moderately to Protolith is granodiorite porphyry as shown well-rounded clasts as long as 30 cm of by nearly euhedral microcline phenocrysts sandstone, intermediate to mafic volcanic in relatively unstrained rock, and dikes of rocks, granitic rocks, dark-purple quartzite, augen gneiss that intrude biotite gneiss (unit gneiss, and quartz. Contains a few thin, Xbg). Numerous pegmatite and aplite dikes discontinuous olive-brown silty stringers. and pods, some of which may be Cretaceous Dips steeply at all localities. Weathers into in age, cut unit. Ductile shearing may be distinctive rounded knobs. Occurrence associated with previously recognized major limited to Sawmill Mountain (Kellogg and orogenic episode in region at 1,450–1,425 Miggins, 2002) and Cuddy Valley (Kellogg, Ma (Silver, 1971). Unit has discordant, 2003) quadrangles. Tentatively correlated upper-intercept U–Pb zircon age of 1,690±5 with Caliente Formation (Tc) by Davis Ma (Kellogg, 1999; analysis by W.R. (1983) and Davis and Duebendorfer (1987), Premo, 1997), interpreted as intrusive age of but is distinct from recognized facies of protolith Caliente in region. Neither top nor base of KXmg Migmatitic biotite gneiss (Cretaceous and unit exposed; minimum thickness about Paleoproterozoic)—Biotite gneiss (equiva- 300 m lent to unit Xbg) and minor augen gneiss Tph Marine shale, sandstone, and limestone of (equivalent to Xag) interlayered with “Peanut Hill” (Miocene, Oligocene, or abundant (greater than about 10 percent Eocene)—Olive-gray, olive-green, 18 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

olive-brown, and grayish-brown, poorly or tan, lenticular conglomeratic sandstone bedded marine shale, mudstone, and and conglomerate beds with interbeds of siltstone, with local, thin arkosic sandstone brown siltstone; locally abundant clasts stringers. Sequence becomes sandier down of siliceous shale (Monterey Formation) section and lower part contains interbedded, (Davis, 1983). Upper portion interfingers in tan, well-indurated, poorly sorted, coarse- places with Tulare Formation (QTt) grained, locally pebbly and locally Tusg Sandstone and conglomerate (Pliocene)—Poorly laminated, carbonate-cemented, arkosic indurated sandstone and minor pebble con- sandstone; graded bedding, crossbedding, glomerate; includes some marine sandstone and ripples typical of turbidites. Western (Dibblee, 1973) exposures contain a few fine-grained, pale- Ts Sand (Pliocene)—Mostly terrestrial sand and pinkish-brown limestone beds. Locally pebble gravel (Dibblee, 1973) deformed into tight, disharmonic folds. Unit Te Etchegoin Formation (Pliocene and upper mostly exposed in large, fault-bounded hill Miocene?)—Upper grayish-brown, sandy (“Peanut Hill” of Duebendorfer, 1979). Unit marine siltstone with a few thin- to medium- greater than 300 m thick bedded, fine-grained sandstone beds; con- TKbx Green silicified clastic rocks (Tertiary or tains abundant Pliocene mollusks. A lower Cretaceous)—Pale-green, fine-grained to facies consists mostly of grayish-brown very coarse grained, very well indurated, marine sandstone (Davis, 1983). Contains massive to well-bedded silicic siltstone, upper Miocene foraminifera, although a sandstone, conglomerate, and sedimentary vitric tuff in Etchegoin Formation from breccia. Clasts predominantly fine-grained Kettleman Hills northwest of quadrangle is quartzite or chert, but also include granitic correlated with a tuff with a potassium-argon rocks, black limestone, quartz, and basalt. age of 4.0–4.5 Ma (early Pliocene) (Sarna- Gray quartzite clasts are as long as 8 cm and Wojcicki and others, 1979) clasts of granite as long as 20 cm. Graded Tbw Bitterwater Creek Shale (upper Miocene)— bedding common. Matrix arkosic and Marine, thin-bedded, diatomaceous-siliceous overgrown by secondary epidote, chlorite, mudstone; contains Mohnian foraminifera actinolite, and silica, indicating greenschist- (Dibblee, 1973). Weathers into platy, facies metamorphism. Cut by numerous white fragments, similar to many parts of small white quartz veins. Bounded by faults Monterey Formation. Lies unconformably along north side of San Andreas fault zone above Monterey Formation (Dibblee, 1973) in northern Sawmill Mountain quadrangle. Monterey Formation (upper to lower Miocene)— Neither top nor base exposed; greater than Marine sedimentary rocks about 150 m thick Tmb Black siliceous shale—Black and dark-gray, thin-bedded siliceous and semi-siliceous shale and clay shale; deep marine; weathers Rocks North of the San Andreas Fault Zone into white plates. Contains upper to middle Miocene (Mohnian) foraminifera [For a detailed discussion of the middle and lower Tmg Gould Shale Member—Gray, marine siliceous Tertiary stratigraphic units (as young as Monterey shale. Contains Relizian and Saucesian Formation) north of the San Andreas fault, and the history (middle and lower Miocene) foraminifera of nomenclature, refer to Nilsen and others (1973). For a Tmt Sandstone—Nonmarine pink sandstone inter- detailed discussion of intrusive rocks, refer to Ross (1989).] bedded with Gould Shale Member (Tmg) in easternmost part of quadrangle; locally QTt Tulare Formation (Pleistocene and Pliocene)— called Mint Canyon Formation by Dibblee Nonmarine, poorly indurated, light-tan or (1973). Also includes unnamed buff, marine buff to gray arkosic sandstone, conglom- sandstone at base of Monterey Formation eratic sandstone, conglomerate, and brown (Dibblee, unpub. data, 2001) siltstone; contains local, thin boulder-gravel Tgcg Granitic-clast conglomerate (Miocene)— lenses (Davis, 1983). Well bedded, com- Unnamed nonmarine cobble and boulder monly lenticular conglomerate consisting of granitic clasts Tucl Claystone (Pliocene)—Predominantly nonmarine, and interbedded sandstone and clay beds. greenish-gray poorly indurated claystone Unconformable above Tecuya Formation and siltstone with thin beds of light-gray in eastern part of quadrangle and tongues limestone and gray sandstone; contains gray westward into lower part of Monterey Description of Map Units 19

Formation. Interpreted as alluvial fan Tpl Claystone and shale member—Brownish- complex to southeast adjacent to mountain gray, marine claystone and shale with front (Nilsen and others, 1973) minor interbedded buff sandstone. Basal Tt Temblor Formation (lower Miocene and upper conglomerate exposed in San Emigdio Oligocene?)—Brown marine shale and Canyon. Contains Saucesian and Zemorrian interbedded, crossbedded buff sandstone. foraminifera Contains Saucesian and late Zemorrian age Tpls Sandstone member—Gray, buff, and tan, foraminifera (Nilsen and Link, 1975). Sharp massive, medium-grained micaceous marine angular unconformity where formation sandstone mostly in eastern areas of Pleito overlies Tejon and San Emigdio Formations Formation outcrop where it grades eastward and parts of Pleito Formation (Nilsen and into lower part of Tecuya Formation. Thick, others, 1973). Well exposed in San Emigdio massive, brown sandstone and basal con- Canyon. Thickness in lower Santiago Creek glomerate in San Emigdio Creek about 1,650 m; thins dramatically to east and San Emigdio Formation (Oligocene and upper is about 300 m thick near Brush Mountain Eocene)—According to Nilsen and others Tts Sandstone member—Thick-bedded to (1973), upper part comprises alternating massive, locally crossbedded buff sandstone sequence of buff, yellowish-brown, and gray and conglomeratic sandstone in lower part thick-bedded to flaggy arkosic marine sand- of formation stone and dark-red to gray, lenticular beds of Tecuya Formation (lower Miocene to upper fossiliferous (mostly mollusks) sandstone; Eocene)—Mostly nonmarine. Interbedded some conglomeratic stringers. However, dacite and andesite flows and older basalt Dibblee (1973) mapped two units which are flows were mapped separately from Tecuya shown on this map: an upper shale mem- Formation by Dibblee (1973) but are includ- ber (Tse) and a lower sandstone member ed with Tecuya by Nilsen and others (1973) (Tses). Conformable above Tejon Forma- and so are considered here as informal tion. Well exposed in San Emigdio Canyon, members. Tecuya Formation is about 700 m where formation is 330 m thick (Nilsen and thick near eastern boundary of quadrangle, others, 1973). Formation thins to east and is but thins to west and pinches out near Pleito about 210 m thick near eastern boundary of Creek (Nilsen and others, 1973). Conform- quadrangle; to the west, formation thickens able on rocks of Tejon formation to an estimated 1,300 m at Santiago Creek Ttc Sandstone and clay member—Mostly non- (Nilsen and others, 1973) marine red, green, buff, and blue-gray sand- Tse Shale member—Mostly bluish-gray to black, stone and clay with interbedded, crudely planar-bedded, sandy, micaceous marine bedded pebble and cobble conglomerate. shale and greenish-gray mudstone Tongues westward into Pleito and Temblor Tses Sandstone member—Tan thin- to thick- Formations (units Tpl and Tt) bedded to massive marine arkosic, Ttg Conglomerate and minor sandstone nonfossiliferous marine sandstone; locally member—Interbedded red to brown pebble pebbly (Nilsen and others, 1973; Dibblee and cobble conglomerate and sandstone (1973; unpub. data, 2001) Tvd Dacite and andesite member—Blue-gray Tejon Formation (Eocene)—Formation attains dacite flows with small plagioclase pheno- maximum thickness of about 1,200 m near crysts in an aphanitic groundmass; overlies Pleito Creek but thins to less than 600 m basalt unit. Interbedded extensively with thick at San Emigdio Creek and is about 300 both Tecuya and Temblor (Tt) Formations. m thick near Santiago Creek (Nilsen and Age is early Miocene others, 1973) Tvb Basalt member—Black, fine-grained ophitic Ttm Metralla Sandstone Member (upper basalt; locally scoreaceous. Interbedded Eocene)—Buff marine sandstone and gray extensively with both Tecuya and Temblor silty shale (Tt) Formations. Age is early Miocene Ttl Live Oak Shale Member (middle Eocene)— Pleito Formation (Oligocene)—Marine sandstone, Brownish-gray to gray, hard, platy, thin- shale, and claystone. On east side of San bedded, shale and fine-grained sandstone Emigdio Canyon, measured section is Ttu Uvas Conglomerate Member (middle or 700 m thick (Nilsen and others, 1973). lower Eocene)—Brown, ledgy arkosic Conformable on rocks of San Emigdio sandstone and interbedded conglomerate Formation beds several tens of meters above base; 20 Geologic Map of the Eastern Three-Quarters of the Cuyama 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

clasts mostly well-rounded black and gray quartz, 13 percent hornblende, 8 percent chert with some quartz and intermediate biotite (commonly altered to chlorite), and composition porphyry traces of epidote, apatite, garnet, and opaque TKrs Rand Schist (Paleocene or Late Cretaceous)— minerals. 40Ar/39Ar age on hornblende Silvery-gray to black, fine-grained, biotite is 99.8±0.6 Ma (latest Early Cretaceous; schist and subordinate biotitic quartzite. Kellogg and Miggins, 2002). 87Sr/86Sr of Consists of about 25–50 percent 0.70337 indicates a mafic oceanic source fine-grained, undulatory quartz, 10 percent (Ross, 1989). Includes small areas of quartz sericitic sodic plagioclase, 40–60 percent diorite mapped adjacent to monzogranite biotite, 10 percent epidote, 5 percent of Brush Mountain (Dibblee, 1973; unpub. epidote, 2–3 percent apatite, 1–2 percent data, 2001) opaque minerals, 0–5 percent garnet, and Khd Hornblende diorite (Cretaceous?)—Dark-gray trace muscovite. Contains many thin to black, medium to locally coarse-grained (as wide as about 2 cm) quartz stringers. rock composed mostly of hornblende and Map unit correlated with Rand Schist sodic to calcic plagioclase; locally contains of southern California, with which it veinlets of epidote (T.W. Dibblee, Jr., unpub. shares many characteristics (Ehlig, 1968; data, 2001) Haxel and Dillon, 1978; Ross, 1989). cgg Granitic and metamorphic rocks (Cretaceous to The metamorphic age of Rand Schist is Paleozoic)—Mostly Cretaceous granitic Paleocene or possibly Late Cretaceous rocks, gneiss, and metasedimentary rocks (Haxel and Dillon, 1978) (marble, schist, quartzite); includes some Kgbm Monzogranite of Brush Mountain (Late migmatite near and east of San Emigdio Cretaceous)—Light-gray, medium- to Creek coarse-grained, mostly massive biotite monzogranite. Average mode contains Mafic-ultramafic complex (Middle Jurassic to upper Paleozoic)—Probably related to 30 percent plagioclase (An30), 34 percent microcline, 33 percent quartz, 3 percent the Middle Jurassic Coast Range ophiolite biotite, and traces of zircon, apatite, and (Shervais and others, 2005), although Ross hematite (mostly derived from biotite altera- (1989) suggests it may, instead, be related tion (Ross, 1989). Clearly intrudes Lebec to the Kings River ophiolite of suggested Granodiorite (Kle) and “appears” to intrude latest Paleozoic or early Mesozoic age mafic metamorphic rocks and Rand Schist (Saleeby and others, 1978); in either case, (TKrs) (Ross, 1989). Weathers yellowish- this complex is regarded as a fragment of tan Mesozoic or upper Paleozoic oceanic crust Kle Lebec Granodiorite (Late Cretaceous)—Gray cggb Gabbro and pyroxenite—Black gabbro (black-and-white speckled), medium- consisting of calcic plagioclase (labradorite- grained, locally porphyritic to seriate, bytownite), pale-green amphibole, clino- mostly massive to weakly foliated biotite pyroxene, minor orthopyroxene, and granodiorite; ranges from monzogranite to opaque minerals; locally anorthositic. tonalite. Average mode contains 50 percent Local layering suggests a cumulate zoned plagioclase, 25 percent quartz, 13 per- texture. Pyroxenite is composed mostly of cent microcline, 11 percent biotite, 1 percent partially serpentinized clinopyroxene and hornblende, and traces muscovite, allanite, orthopyroxene (Ross, 1989) zircon, apatite, and sphene; opaque minerals cgqd Hornblende quartz diorite to tonalite— are notably rare (Ross, 1989). Locally con- Approximately 50 percent plagioclase sists of a fine-grained, relatively leucocratic, (andesine to labradorite), 30 percent horn- sugary facies. Originally named the Lebec blende, and 20 percent quartz, with minor Quartz Monzonite by Crowell (1952). U/ biotite and opaque minerals (Ross, 1989). Pb zircon age is 88.7±2.1 Ma (W.R. Premo, Presumably intrusive into gabbro and written commun., 2006) pyroxenite unit (cggb) Kap Quartz diorite of Antimony Peak (Early cgmd Metadiabase, amphibolite, gabbro, and Cretaceous)—Gray, coarse-grained, hypidi- pyroxenite—Fine- to medium-grained, omorphic, equigranular, massive to weakly locally coarse-grained, mafic volcanic rock foliated quartz diorite and tonalite. Aver- with local diabasic texture; dominantly age mode contains 60 percent plagioclase composed of calcic plagioclase and pale-

(An38), 1 percent microcline, 10–20 percent green hornblende, now essentially an References 21

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