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MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE HERITAGE REVIEW, AREA 1 Volume 1 - Thematic History Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE HERITAGE REVIEW, AREA 1 Volume 1 - Thematic History Final report 30 July 2012 Prepared for Mornington Peninsula Shire Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE THEMATIC HISTORY July 2012 Prepared for Mornington Peninsula Shire Graeme Butler & Associates Edited by Context Pty Ltd Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE The original report is authored by Graeme Butler & Associates, 2008. This version has been edited by Context Pty Ltd 2012. 2012 Project team: Dr Aron Paul, Editing Project Manager, Context Nicholas Turner, Editing consultant David Helms, Senior Consultant, Context Jessie Briggs, Consultant, Context Report Register This report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Mornington Peninsula Shire Thematic History undertaken by Context Pty Ltd in accordance with our internal quality management system. Project No. Issue No. Notes/description Issue date 1496 1 Draft Edited History 11/7/2011 1496 2 Edited History 29/6/2012 1496 3 Final Edited History 30/7/2012 Context Pty Ltd 22 Merri Street, Brunswick 3056 Phone 03 9380 6933 Facsimile 03 9380 4066 Email [email protected] Web www.contextpl.com.au ii Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 THEMATIC HISTORY CONTENTS CONTENTS III LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VII INTRODUCTION 1 The purpose and scope of this history 1 Australian Historic Themes 1 Methodology 3 Editing the Thematic History 2011-2012 4 Aboriginal history 6 1 TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF THE MORNINGTON PENINSULA ENVIRONMENT 7 INTRODUCTION 7 HISTORY 7 1.1 Appreciating the natural wonders of the Mornington Peninsula 7 1.2 Tracing the evolution of the peninsula’s cultural landscapes 8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME 11 2 PEOPLING THE MORNINGTON PENINSULA 12 INTRODUCTION 12 HISTORY 12 2.1 Living as the Peninsula’s earliest inhabitants 12 2.2 Displacing Indigenous people 13 2.3 Exploring the Peninsula coastline 16 2.4 Squatting and leasing the land for pastoral purposes 21 2.4.1 The squatters and their leases 21 2.4.2 Purchasing land under the Special Survey Act 23 2.4.3 Claiming pre-emptive rights 24 2.5 Selecting small freeholdings 25 2.6 Building marine villas and establishing gentlemen’s farms 26 2.6.1 Mount Martha, Mornington and Mount Eliza villa group 26 2.6.2 Cliff-top villas 29 2.6.3 South coast summer houses and gentlemen’s farms 30 2.7 Creating Settlement Schemes 31 2.8 Making holiday estates 32 2.8.1 Victorian-era bayside housing estates 33 2.8.2 Interwar Estates 34 2.8.3 Post–World War Two housing estates 37 2.9 Migrating 37 2.10 Burying and remembering the dead 40 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Peopling the peninsula 41 iii Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE 3 DEVELOPING PRIMARY PRODUCTION 43 INTRODUCTION 43 HISTORY 43 3.1 Grazing stock 43 3.2 Developing small farms 45 3.3 Establishing orchards and growing fruit 46 3.4 Nursing plants 49 3.5 Producing poultry and eggs 49 3.6 Breeding and training horses 50 3.7 Establishing vinyards and making wine 50 3.8 Exhibiting agricultural and horticultural produce 51 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Developing primary production 51 4 UTILISING NATURAL RESOURCES 53 INTRODUCTION 53 HISTORY 53 4.1 Lime 53 4.2 Fishing 55 4.3 Harvesting timber 58 4.4 Wattle-bark stripping 59 4.5 Mining and quarries 59 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Utilising natural resources 61 5 ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATIONS 63 INTRODUCTION 63 HISTORY 63 5.1 Establishing post and telegraph offices 63 5.2 Moving people and goods by sea 66 5.2.1 Shipwrecks 66 5.2.2 Lighthouses 67 5.2.3 Coastal trade 68 5.2.4 Jetties and piers 68 5.2.5 Ferries and bay steamers 71 5.3 Traveling over land 73 5.3.1 Aboriginal tracks 73 5.3.2 Early settlers’ tracks 73 5.3.3 Establishing roads 74 5.3.4 Roads in the age of the motorcar 76 5.3.5 Famous road corners 78 5.3.6 Motor coaches and bus lines 79 5.4 Building and maintaining railways 79 5.5 Moving goods and people by air 82 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Establishing communications 82 6 DEVELOPING A MANUFACTURING CAPACITY ON THE PENINSULA 83 iv Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 THEMATIC HISTORY INTRODUCTION 83 HISTORY 83 6.1 Cement works 83 6.2 Brick-making 84 6.3 Shipbuilding 85 6.4 Textile industry 85 6.5 Oil & Steel 86 6.6 Meat Processing 87 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Developing a manufacturing capacity 87 7 BUILDING SETTLEMENTS AND TOWNS 88 INTRODUCTION 88 HISTORY 88 7.1 Selecting township sites and planning settlements 88 7.1.1 Early township reserves 93 7.2 Expanding townships and residential areas 95 7.3 Establishing commercial and retail centres 95 7.4 Early inns and hotels 99 7.5 Lodging people 100 7.6 Supplying urban services on the Peninsula 103 7.6.1 Fire fighting and rural brigades 103 7.6.2 Gas 103 7.6.3 Electricity 104 7.6.4 Water supply 104 7.6.5 Sewerage 105 7.7 Providing health and welfare services 106 7.8 Designing and building mansions, houses, and holiday shacks 108 7.9 Urbanising the Peninsula in the Post-war Era 113 7.10 Remembering significant phases in the development of towns 114 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Building settlements and towns 116 8 GOVERNING 118 INTRODUCTION 118 HISTORY 118 8.1 Developing local government authorities 118 8.1.1 Formation of shires 118 8.2 Controlling entry of persons and disease: quarantine 120 8.3 Dispensing justice on the Peninsula 122 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Governing 124 9 DEFENDING AUSTRALIA 125 INTRODUCTION 125 HISTORY 125 9.1 Defending the colony 125 9.2 Defending Australia at Federation and the First World War 127 v Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 MORNINGTON PENINSULA SHIRE 9.3 Defending Australia during World War Two 127 9.3.1 Prisoners of war 130 9.4 Remembering the fallen 130 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Defending Australia 132 10 DEVELOPING THE PENINSULA’S CULTURAL LIFE 134 INTRODUCTION 134 HISTORY 134 10.1 Community halls 134 10.2 Developing public parks and gardens 136 10.3 Playing and watching organised sports 140 10.3.1 Racing horses 142 10.3.2 Playing golf 143 10.4 Building facilities for boating and fishing 144 10.5 Worshipping 145 10.6 Educating people 149 10.6.1 Mechanics institutes and libraries 149 10.6.2 Establishing schools 152 10.7 Creating visual arts 155 10.7.1 Establishing art galleries 155 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Developing cultural life 156 11 BECOMING MELBOURNE’S PLAYGROUND 158 INTRODUCTION 158 HISTORY 158 11.1 Going to the beach 158 11.1.1 Establishing beach stores and tearooms 161 11.1.2 Developing beach and foreshore amenities 162 11.2 Going on holiday 166 11.2.1 Holiday flats 168 11.2.2 Retreats, educational, youth and holiday camps 168 11.3 Enjoying the natural environment 170 SIGNIFICANCE OF THEME: Becoming Melbourne’s playground 173 BIBLIOGRAPHY 174 Images 174 Principal Sources 174 Oral Sources from the Mornington Conservation Study 188 Additional Sources 189 vi Council Meeting - Item 2.13 Attachment 1 Monday, 13 August, 2012 THEMATIC HISTORY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. An 1803 engraving of the Lady Nelson on the Thames, after her voyage to Western Port and Port Phillip Bays. (Source: State Library of Victoria) ..........................................................................................14 Figure 2. The HMS Investigator and HMS Enterprise in ice. Coloured lithograph dating to 1850. (Source National Maritime Museum)......................................................................................................................18 Figure 3. Alexander Balcombe’s homestead, The Briars, in Mount Martha. (Source: Discover Mornington Peninsula website, accessed 6 July 2011).....................................................................................................22 Figure 4. Jamieson’s Special Survey, with locations of tenants holdings in the 1850s and 1860s.. (Source: Calder 2008:29) .........................................................................................................................................24 Figure 5. Earimil, Mount Eliza in 2000. (Source: Heritage Victoria citation, Hermes #5616) ....................27 Figure 6. Norman Lodge in 1967. (Source: State Library of Victoria, photo by John T Collins).................28 Figure 7. Manyung Hotel, Mount Eliza c1920-1954. (Source: State Library of Victoria, Rose Stereograph Co. postcard collection)..............................................................................................................................28 Figure 8. Delgany Castle in Portsea. (Source: Heritage Victoria citation, Hermes # 2505)..........................30 Figure 9. Plan of the proposed Mount Martha Estate. (Source: Mount Martha Estate citation Hermes #125064) ...................................................................................................................................................34 Figure 10: Annear House in Ranelagh Estate. Source: Context 2012. .........................................................35 Figure 11: A house in the Ranelagh Estate photographed by Peter Wille c.1950. Source: State Library of Victoria. .....................................................................................................................................................36 Figure 12. Somes Camp, c1950s (Source: Somers Residents Association, www.somers.org.au). ..................39 Figure 13. Newstead, built in 1870, of wattle and daub construction. (Source: Hastings District Heritage
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