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Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ectinosomatidae): New Species from the North Atlantic and Arctic Regions

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Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ectinosomatidae): New Species from the North Atlantic and Arctic Regions Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-40822007 The Linnean Society of London? 2007 1493 453475 Original Article REVISION OF HALECTINOSOMAM. CLÉMENT and C. G. MOORE Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475. With 13 figures Towards a revision of the genus Halectinosoma (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ectinosomatidae): new species from the North Atlantic and Arctic regions MICHEL CLÉMENT and COLIN G. MOORE* School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK Received February 2005; accepted for publication June 2006 This paper contributes to a revision of the genus Halectinosoma. Four new species are described, based on exami- nation of ectinosomatid material from localities in western Europe, eastern Canada and the Arctic. Halectinosoma mandibularis sp. nov. is distinguishable from other species by the reduced setation of the mouthparts and enlarged mandibular gnathobase. Halectinosoma latisetifera sp. nov. bears an affinity with H. cooperatum but is easily distinguished by the shape of the setae on the female fifth leg. A species previously erroneously ascribed to H. finmarchicum (Scott) by several authors is described here as Halectinosoma kliei sp. nov. Halectinosoma gothiceps (Giesbrecht) is redescribed and the closely related Halectinosoma paragothiceps sp. nov. is described and distinguished from H. gothiceps. It is considered likely that some previous records of H. gothiceps are in error. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: copepod – meiobenthos – taxonomy. INTRODUCTION remaining known species and provide a generic diag- nosis and key to the species. Species of Halectinosoma are often dominant mem- bers of the harpacticoid copepod assemblage of marine sediments and yet their identification is notoriously MATERIAL AND METHODS difficult. Differences between species within this large Copepod material was examined from sediment sam- genus of around 63 species are often subtle and a lack ples collected by the authors from around the British of appreciation of this subtlety has caused much tax- Isles, western Mediterranean and eastern Canada onomic confusion. This has led to the production of (Table 1). In the descriptions of species that follow, the descriptions that, in many cases, do not permit the provenance of this material is given by citing the sam- accurate identification of species. ple code from Table 1. Arctic and western European Clément & Moore (1995) commenced a revision of material was also examined from museum and per- Halectinosoma with a reappraisal of H. sarsi and sonal collections. descriptions of 11 related species. This was followed Specimens were dissected in lactic acid and by redescriptions of H. elongatum (Sars, 1904) and mounted on slides in polyvinyl lactophenol. All figures H. herdmani (Scott & Scott, 1894), together with were prepared with the aid of a drawing tube. Habitus descriptions of related species (Clément & Moore, length measurements are from the base of the rostrum 2000). In this third paper in the series we complete our to the posterior edge of the anal somite. Because this description of new species by consideration of four new measure varies significantly due to the telescoping species from the North Atlantic and Arctic regions. A action of the body somites, an additional and more final paper, yet to be published, will consider the reliable method for measuring the length of the ani- mal was used. The specimen was placed on its side and the length of each individual somite measured along *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] the dorsal margin (Clément & Moore, 1995: Fig. 1A). © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475 453 454 M. CLÉMENT and C. G. MOORE Table 1. Details of the sediment samples collected by the authors containing Halectinosoma material described in this study. The locations are in British waters unless stated otherwise Sample code Location Sediment type Depth (m) Date S17 Forth Estuary, 55°59.73′N, 3°23.70′W muddy sand 5 26.x.1983 S18 Firth of Forth, 56°00.14′N, 3°16.93′W mud and gravel 13 7.xi.1983 S21 Firth of Forth, 55°57.85′N, 3°02.70′W mud 10 10.xi.1983 S58 North Sea, 55°00.0′N, 0°20.0′E muddy sand 82 19.iv.1984 S65 Banyuls, France, 42°30.1′N, 3°12.6′E mud 90 1976 S68 Anchorage Bay, Summer Isles mud 17 5.vii.1988 S70 Loch Creran, 56°31.27′N, 5°20.63′W mud 11 1986 S71 Forth Estuary, 56°01.71′N, 3°36.30′W coarse silt 2 17.ii.1981 S73 Forth Estuary, 56°02.28′N, 3°33.57′W muddy sand subtidal 1983 S85 Celtic Sea, 50°30′N, 7°00′W muddy sand subtidal 1985 S91 Glenuig, 56°49.77′N, 5°49.00′W sand lower shore iv.1988 S95 Kinlochmoidart mud lower shore iv.1988 S96 Loch Creran, 56°31.35′N, 5°19.93′W muddy sand 5 1997 S97 Les Escoumins, Québec, St. Lawrence, Canada sandy mud 13 ix.1997 S98 Les Escoumins, Québec, St. Lawrence, Canada sandy mud 20 ix.1997 S99 Le Bic, Québec, St. Lawrence, Canada muddy sand intertidal vi.1996 The length of the somite was taken from its anterior SYSTEMATICS margin, defined by a thickened cuticular ring, often HALECTINOSOMA MANDIBULARIS SP. NOV. embedded in the preceding somite, to the posterior edge, which includes the hyaline frill when present Type material: 1Ǩ holotype dissected on three slides and the pseudoperculum of the penultimate uro- (NHM1990.425), 1Ǩ paratype dissected on slide somite. This measure is referred to in the text as the (NHM1990.426), collected by grab from the North sum of all somites, and excludes the rostrum and cau- Sea (site S58). 1ǩ paratype dissected on two dal rami. slides (NHM1990.427), 1ǩ paratype in tube As a means of facilitating the description of the loca- (NHM1990.1219), collected by C. G. Moore by grab tion of the surface seta on the exopod of the fifth leg, from off Banyuls, France (site S65). we have introduced the term surface-seta insertion Other material examined: England: S85 (1Ǩ in tube line. This is a hypothetical straight line passing from NHM1990.1218). France: S65 (1ǩ in tube the posterior margin of the exopod at the junction of NHM1990.1220). the middle and outer exopod lobes, through the base of the surface seta (not including its small basal lobe) and terminating at the suture of the exopod with the Description of female holotype baseoendopod (Clément & Moore, 2000: Fig. 1J). Length: Habitus 1195 µm; sum of all somites The length/width ratio of the caudal ramus is calcu- 1380 µm; cephalothorax 400 µm; genital double- lated from the length of the inner margin, including somite 185 µm. Habitus fusiform (Fig. 1A). Colour of the part embedded in the anal somite, and the great- preserved specimen dark brown. Surface of cuticle est width. Nomenclature follows that of Huys et al. densely covered with small pores. Cephalothorax (1996). The only abbreviations used in the text are P1 gradually attenuating anteriorly. Rostrum broadly to P6 for legs 1–6. The setal formulae of the legs fol- rounded and partially fused at base with cephalotho- lows Lang (1948). For practical considerations we rax and furnished with two small sensilla subapically. have retained the terms lacinia and pars incisiva for Genital double-somite with a short, transverse chiti- the coxal gnathobase of the mandible. Scale bars in all nous stripe ventrally and divided dorsally by a suture illustrations are in mm. reaching ventro-laterally. Penultimate somite with Much of the British and French material examined rounded pseudoperculum. in this study has been deposited at the Natural His- Caudal ramus (Fig. 1B, C). Nearly 1.5 times as long tory Museum, London. Natural History Museum reg- as broadest width. Principal setation and general form istration numbers are given the prefix NHM. The as in H. pseudosarsi Clément & Moore, 1995. material was fixed using a 4% formaldehyde solution Somitic ornamentation (Fig. 1A–C). Body somites, but transferred to alcohol following examination. except penultimate, sparsely furnished with sensilla © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475 REVISION OF HALECTINOSOMA 455 Figure 1. Halectinosoma mandibularis sp. nov. Female holotype: A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosomites 2–6, ventral; C, urosomites 2–6, dorsal; D, P5. Male paratype (NHM1990.427): E, antennule; F, P5; G, P6. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475 456 M. CLÉMENT and C. G. MOORE and pores. Posterior margin of cephalothorax, first and der setae, the innermost seta being more coarsely second free thoracic somites unadorned. Surface of spinulose. first and second free thoracic somites with one and two Maxilla (Fig. 2E). Syncoxa short, broad, with rows of fine spinules, respectively. Posterior margin of spinule rows on anterior surface and at outer distal third free thoracic somite and first urosomite finely corner, and with one short spinulose seta and one crenulated. The surface of third free thoracic somite endite armed with three setae along its inner margin with two rows of fine spinules, first urosomite with two (two short and spinulose, one bare and slender). Basis rows of lappet-like spinules and one row of fine approximately twice as long as syncoxa, with short, spinules anteriorly. Genital double-somite with a com- spinulose seta approximately midway along inner plex arrangement of rows of fine spinules and poste- margin. Endopodite three-segmented, segments 1 and riorly with two rows of lappet-like spinules and a 2 armed with one thick, long geniculate seta, distal semi-incised subulate hyaline frill.
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