HAUSTORIUM 76 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter ISSN 1944-6969 Official Organ of the International Parasitic Plant Society (http://www.parasiticplants.org/)

July 2019 Number 76

CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT (Julie Scholes)………………………………………………..………2

MEETING REPORTS 15th World Congress on Parasitic Plants, 30 June – 5 July 2019, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.………….……..2

MISTLETOE (VISCUM ALBUM) AND ITS HOSTS IN BRITAIN (Brian Spooner)……………………………10

PHELIPANCHE AEGYPTIACA IN WESTERN IRAN (Alireza Taab)……………………………………………12

NEW AND CURRENT PROJECTS Delivering high-yielding, disease-resistant finger millet to farmers…………………………………………….…..13 N2AFRICA – new Striga project – update……………………………………………………………………….…...14 Striga asiatica Madagascar fieldwork summary 2019……………………………………………………………...... 14 Pea (Pisum sativum) breeding for disease and pest resistance …………………………………………………...... 15

REQUEST FOR SEEDS OF OROBANCHE CRENATA (Gianniantonio Domina)…………………………...…..15

PRESS REPORTS Metabolite stimulates a crop while suppressing a weed………………………………………………………….…..16 Dodder plant poses threat to trees and crops (in Kenya)………………………………………………………...….17

PhD OPPORTUNITY AT NRI (Jonne Rodenburg)…………………………………………………………………18

THESIS Sarah Huet. An overview of Phelipanche ramosa seeds: sensitivity to germination stimulants and microbiome profile. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..18

BOOK REVIEW Strigolactones – Biology and Applications. Ed. by Hinanit Koltai and Cristina Prandi. (Koichi Yoneyama) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....19

FORTHCOMING MEETINGS:

IUFRO World Congress, 29 Sept-5 Oct, Curatiba, Brazil…………………………………………………………..20 World Oilseed Congress, 6-7 Nov, 2019, Lviv, Ukraine …………………………………………………………….20 International Biological, Agricultural and Life Science Congress (BIALIC), 7-8 Nov, 2019, Lviv, Ukraine….. 20

BELATED ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (OR SHOULD BE HIGHER??)…………………………………………..20

GENERAL WEBSITES……….…………………………………………………….……….……………………….20

LITERATURE………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…21 HAUSTORIUM 76 2

Susann is currently a Group Leader in Plant MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT Evolutionary Genomics at the University of Munster and will bring a great deal of expertise Dear IPPS members, to the Editor position. I have received two I hope you have had a good summer. nominations for the new Member at Large position and I will shortly,via e-mail, organise The WCPP-15 meeting took place in the election for this position. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from the 30th June to 5th July. Over 110 participants attended the With very best wishes, meeting from different parts the world. The meeting was excellent both scientifically and Julie socially; both the location and the weather were beautiful! I would like to thank Harro Julie Scholes, IPPS President Bouwmeester and his team for their hospitality, ([email protected]) their hard work and excellent organisation, before and during the meeting, which made it a great success. THE FUTURE OF HAUSTORIUM I would also like to thank the scientific committee and the session organisers for their N.B. LITERATURE -Therapeutic uses. Chris input into the scientific programme and the Parker intends to continue assembling the organisation of the individual sessions. We had Literature section with the help of colleagues. excellent keynote, oral and poster presentations However he would like to reduce the work load as described by Lytton Musselman and Nick by including only exceptionally interesting items Flanders in their meeting report below. I would on therapeutic uses.These amount to up to one particularly like to congratulate the students and third of all the items covered, yet he is not aware young scientists on the exciting work they are of any active interest in these. If anyone is doing. really interested in these and/or wishes to help

by covering them we could discuss how they I would like to update everyone on the proposed access the relevant sources. changes to the IPPS website and structure of the

IPPS Executive Committee. As Harro and I explained at the end of the Congress, we would MEETING REPORT like to update and modernize the IPPS website so that it better serves the members of the Society. 15th World Congress on Parasitic Plants. The new website will be more interactive and Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 30th June – 5th incorporate the websites for the biennial WCPP July. congresses within its structure. The website will also have a page for the societiy’s newsletter, I believe I was the only one at this congress who Haustorium. Harro is currently exploring the attended the first symposium on parasitic plants possibility of employing the WCPP_15 website held in Malta in 1973 and organized by Chris designer, to design the new structure of the IPPS Parker and the European Weed Research website. Council. With the perspective of the resident

fossil, I was pleased to see the large number of As part of these changes the role of the Editor young scientists eloquently displaying their and Members at Large will change. The Editor research prowess. This bodes well for the future will have overall responsibility for the content of our discipline. No doubt the availability of and structure of the website, helped by the numerous financial awards encouraged the Members at Large. In addition to the current participation of early career scientists. Member at Large (Prof Airong Li) a second Member at Large will be elected to help with the The progress made since Malta in understanding website and will also help Chris Parker put how parasitic plants function is astounding. together Haustorium. At the conference we Papers presented at the meeting in Amsterdam asked for nominations for the position of Editor had enormous explanatory power that drew and the new Member at Large. I am delighted heavily upon the extensive genetic and genomic to announce that Professor Susann Wicke has data created during the past decade. kindly agreed to take on the position of Editor. HAUSTORIUM 76 3

Compared to earlier meetings there was more emphasis on Cuscuta and fewer presentations in Oral presentations: posters and papers on mistletoes, Balanophoraceae, Rafflesiaceae, Santalalean NB Full authorship – and abstracts – will be families, and nothing on Cassytha. But the data found at: https://www.wcpp2019.org/wp- presented and the methods used have potential to content/uploads/2019/07/WCPP2019_Confere answer questions in those groups. nce_book_final.pdf

This congress grew out of a series of earlier Host Plant Resistance symposia where a major emphasis was on parasitic weeds of agricultural importance, Jianqiang Wu – ‘The parasite Cuscuta australis with especially Striga in Africa and Orobanche in the a streamlined genome mediates inter-plant Middle East. Control of these devastating weeds systemic signals.’ was an overarching concern at those meetings. Herbivory defense signals are transferred So the question can be asked, How has a more between plants by C. australis, even plants in complete understanding of parasitic behavior, different families; signals between hosts = especially the elegant communication between ecological benefit of parasite. Also signals for N host and parasite, affected the small holder uptake and N itself moved through dodder from farmer. In my view not much, an opinion shared N rich host to N poor host. This Cuscuta species by several colleagues at the meeting. The coordinates flowering with host species witchweed problem in Africa, for example, flowering seems little mitigated since I lived in Sudan in Michael Axtell - ‘Cuscuta microRNAs target host the early 1980’s. Perhaps we need to devote mRNAs involved in defence and vascular time at the next congress to address the function.’ relationship of research to control. Regulatory RNAs are transported from C. campestris to host; microRNAs from Cuscuta The organization of the congress was superb. target host mRNAs, down-regulating host The selection and vetting of speakers ensured mRNAs, helping the parasite. mRNA targets in quality presentations with session chairs selected the host help with resistance to Cuscuta, for for their expertise evident in the way questions instance clotting phloem at wound. Genome of and discussions were handled. The quality of the Cuscuta with host genes that include introns papers was attested by the fact that almost all confirms horizontal gene transfer; microRNAs congress registrants were present at every transported by Cuscuta could come from host session. genes. Variation in microRNAs of Cuscuta match variation among mRNAs of different host Posters were an important part of the congress. species to ensure match; portions of host mRNAs Ample, dedicated time was devoted to viewing that are conserved across host species thus the posters with the authors present. The poster conserved in Cuscuta. sessions immediately followed the paper Koh Aoki – ‘Interspecific long-distance movement presentations ensuring good participation. Like of Cuscuta small RNAs control biological similar meetings, one of the most important processes in host-parasitic plant complex.’ aspects was plenty of time for personal Small RNA’s from Cuscuta move long distance interaction. in the host (to apex); small RNAs from host move long distances in Cuscuta (C. japonica Grateful thanks are due the organizing and and C. campestris.) scientific committees and especially to our Dutch Markus Albert – ‘A peptide motif of a parasitic plant hosts. Their efforts in the selection of the venue, cell wall protein is recognized by the receptor arrangements for meals, coffee breaks, drinks at protein CuRe1 and induces defence in tomato.’ the poster sessions, projection quality, and all the Solanum lycopersicum resistant to Cuscuta other details requisite for a smooth running and reflexa with insurmountable epidermis but not S. profitable congress are commendable and much pennellii; S. lycopersicum with receptor for appreciated. Cuscuta factor (a peptide), S. pennellii without receptor. This molecular signal is only Lytton John Musselman, responsible for partial resistance Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia Neelima Sinha – ‘Molecular basis for tomato 23529-0266 USA resistance to the parasitic plant Cuscuta.’ HAUSTORIUM 76 4

Transcriptome of Cuscuta campestris during pre- plastid genome of the holoparasitic plant haustoria phase prompts hydrolase activity, Balanophora.’ penetration of stem. Host-induced gene silencing Holoparasites: reduction in plastome without due to small RNA from host into Cuscuta; must chlorophyll, plastome possibly lost in Rafflesia have initial parasitism for Cuscuta to receive 4 critical genes in plastome – if they are RNA from host, then subsequent haustoria are transferred or lost, plastome would be lost. decreased. In resistant strains of tomato, after Balanophora plastome with accelerated parasite detection, lignin genes are upregulated evolution + with extreme bias towards AT and cortical cell walls become lignified. Virus- codons resulting in lots of stop codons but genes based gene expression used in susceptible strain still transcribed; stop codons read as sense so cortex becomes lignified. codons here? If genes with novel code were Dana Sisou – ‘Characterization of resistance to transferred to nuclear genome, they would not be sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana transcribed making plastome non-removable. W[sic].) insunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).’ Airong Li - ‘A neglected alliance in battles against Possible sunflower resistance mechanisms to O. parasitic plants: AM and rhizobial symbioses cumana: 1) no root stimulant to cause alleviate damage to a legume host by root germination; 2) prevention of the development of hemiparasitic Pedicularis species.’ haustoria; 3) blocking nutrient flow to the Parasitic plant can give non-host an advantage parasite or poisoning it. Grafting experiment to when competing with host species. Soil microbes show resistance in sunflower resistant variety help host plant achieve a more stable system, EMEK3 is exclusive to root tissue. Lignification leading to more diversity? Field-level in host prevents penetration; O. cumana seeds experiments with parasite + soil microbe germinate so resistance is pre-haustorial. removals: interactions between effects of Stephane Munos and Begoña Pérez-Vich – parasites + microbes, e.g. if stressed for N due to ‘International consortium on sunflower Pedicularis, N-requiring AM fungi addition does broomrape resistance.’ not help host as much as addition in absence of Proposing the creation of an international group parasite. to study sunflower broomrape. Goals: to classify Peter Toth - ‘When the same is not the same.’ and standardize races for international use; Phenotypic variation in volatile organic develop seed bank for different populations and compounds (VOC’s) in Orobanche flava across assess molecular diversity; characterize different habitats in response to different molecular interactions between parasite and host; pollinators? 4-year long project with partners around the In habitat with only fly pollinators, VOC’s world. resemble aphids to attract flies? Luyang Hu - ‘Genetic diversity of Orobanche Ecology, Phylogeny, and Evolution cumana (sunflower broomrape) populations at the world level revealed by SSR markers.’ Susan Wicke – ‘Eco-evolutionary causes and Analyzed genetic diversity in O. cumana across consequences of parasitism in plants.’ Europe and Asia: E. China with highest genetic How does evolution of plastome reduction diversity, either due to species originating there occur? or faster evolution there. Recreate ancestral genome and search for genes Lammert Bastiaans – ‘Facultative parasitism: an lost in a non-random way; transition to obligate evolutionary precursor of complete parasitism or parasitism from facultative leads to most an effective strategy in its own right?’ molecular evolution. Evidence for DNA transfer Facultative parasitism: habit representing in nuclear genome in Orobanchaceae. 2000 transition to obligate parasitism, or superior species in Orobanchaceae but only 30 species strategy offering greater flexibility? weedy, why these? Data gathered on ecology, Rhamphicarpa with higher seed bank turnover geography, and hosts: before weediness, host than obligate, but produces more seeds when switching and switching to rapid life history. attached to a host. Simulation study of Multiple transitions to weediness withinin equilibrium seed bank density: facultative better Phelipanche. Possibly the opposite in Striga strategy than obligate with high seed mortality (non-weeds arising from weedy sp.). and low host plant abundance Claude dePamphilis – ‘Novel genetic code and Renate Wesselingh – ‘Fitness of reciprocal F1 record-setting AT-richness in the highly reduced hybrids between Rhinanthus minor and R. major.’ HAUSTORIUM 76 5

Over time in mixed populations of Rhinanthus Claude dePamphilis – ‘Convergent horizontal gene major and R. minor, most hybrids more like R. transfer and crosstalk of mobile nucleic acids in majo. Pollinator preference? Planted F1 hybrids parasitic plants.’ and examined emergence rate; hybrid strain with Has horizontal gene transfer contributed to genes poor germination in lab with equal emergence up-regulated in haustoria?. Identified HGT genes rate to other hybrids, why? using gene trees; HGT genes expressed in haustoria approx. half of the time. Mobile RNAs Genes in Cuscuta campestris from HGT? Yes, Kirsten Krause - ‘Cuscuta campestris: A plant including genes for defense and cell wall genome under the influence of a parasitic modification. No HGTs from Poales in Cuscuta, lifestyle. but yes in Striga. HGT was transfer of DNA not Cuscuta campestris has reduced CO2 fixation, RNA as introns included. HGTs interacting with few stomata, uses recycled C instead of small RNAs more than random genes, function atmospheric? How is photosynthesis possible as silencers of host defense? with RNA polymerase gene lost from plastid James Bradley – ‘The identification of candidate genome in Cuscuta? Protein transport from pathogenicity-related genes from the genome nucleus to plastid. Knocking out genes in of Striga hermonthica.’ Arabidopsis that have been lost in Cuscuta Genes identified that allow Striga to overcome plastome allow functional photosynthesis but resistance in resistant strains of rice. Comparing slower. Yellow color in Cuscuta are from proteins secreted by Striga and not by Mimulus carotenoids, provinding protection in high light to identify pathogenicity-related genes. environments? Transcriptomics across life cycle of Striga on Satoko Yoshida – ‘Genetic basis for host and rice to identify upregulated genes, including parasitic plant communication.’ those involved with cell wall modification. Striga asiatica genome: some gene families such Benjamin Anderson – ‘Lack of evidence for as photosynthesis contracted but not lost; other horizontally transferred genes in mitochondria families such as water transport, strigolactone of Cuscuta species.’ receptors expanded/duplicated. Transcriptomics: Parasites good candidates for HGT making it lateral root development in Arabidopsis similar easy to identify as distantly related to host. to haustorium development in Striga. Lots of HGT in mitochondria of Rafflesia, but Facultative Phtheirospermum has similar genes not in mitochondria of Cuscuta. enriched as Striga; mutants with genes knocked out form fewer haustoria, not sure which genes Molecules and Biochemistry yet. Daniel Steele – ‘Exploring the evolutionary origin of Tadao Asami – ‘Chemicals that control Striga haustorium development in root parasitic plants.’ germination.’ Transcriptomics across haustorial development Discussing control of Striga using strigolactone phases to identify genes involved in haustorium inhibitors in host, suicidal germination with development in Triphysaria versicolor. Mapped synthetic strigolactones (such as ethylene promoter for regulation of these genes on mimics), or strigolactone receptor inhibitors. phylogeny Found multiple hemiparasites in Host mutants with strigolactone inhibitors Orobanchaceae with promoter but not as much developed which show little change in host up-regulation in non-parasitic Lindenbergia. morphology. Elizabeth Kelly- ‘Where the action is: gene Shelley Lumba - ‘Signaling pathways in Striga expression at the parasite-host interface.’ hermonthica germination.’ Comparing, in Triphysaria versicolor, Striga Testing genes for strigolactone receptors by hermonthica and Phelipanche aegyptiaca, gene putting in Arabidopsis mutants with germination expression in the parasite body, interface, and defect to see if SLs rescue mutants and allow host body, distinct gene expression profiles in germination (assay). Construct protein similar to each tissue. Parasite tissues have upregulation of that transcribed by candidate gene  on genes involved with cell wall, water transport, phylogeny protein in parasites and not elsewhere. proteases, vs. host tissues with up-regulation of Salim Al-Babili – ‘Complementary hormone-based genes involved with water transport and stress. approaches for Striga control.’ Some defense genes down-regulated in host, Developing chemicals to mimic strigolatones to why? Controlled by parasite? Parasite transcripts induce suicidal germination of Striga seeds but in host and host transcripts in parasite. not affect host. Developing chemicals to down- HAUSTORIUM 76 6

regulate SL synthesis by host that also promote optimized protocol for pre- and post-emergence host growth. control with herbicides. Yuichiro Tsuchiya – ‘A femto-molar range suicide Binne Zwanenburg – ‘Advances in parasitic weed germination stimulant for the parasitic control in the field’. plant Striga hermonthica’. Natural stigolactone structure too Synthetic strigolactone must act only on Striga complex/expensive to be used in weed control; as natural SLs attract AM fungi to increase P need synthetic mimics that degrade in soil uptake; must understand SL receptors on Striga quickly as natural SLs do . Critical to time crop to optimize selectivity of synthetic SL. Testing planting after suicidal germination of parasite. chemical that is cheap, active, and Striga- Alternative option to suicidal germination: use specific in field in Kenya. borax/thiourea to remove natural SLs from soil Amir Arellano Sab – ‘Structural and biochemical and reduce parasite germination. characterization of strigolactone parasitic Jonathan Gressel - Correctly multi-targeted Host- receptors, understanding their functionality and Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) should allow how to inhibit them.’ full and sustainable control of parasitic weeds.’ Striga with multiple strigolactone receptors: get Using Host-induced Gene Silencing with small structures; look at dynamics; make less sensitive interfering RNA’s targeting genes expressed at structure more sensitive. Shows we can design the parasite-host interface promising. Target Striga specific germination inhibitors. multiple sites to delay resistance; trans-genic but Atsushi Okazawa - ‘Identification and no new proteins made; also expressed only in characterization of α-galactosidase capable of roots. hydrolyzing planteose in Orobanche minor as a Boubacar Kountche – ‘Realizing the suicidal target for control of root parasitic weeds.’ germination strategy to control Striga Can we target metabolism of planteose, used hermonthica in rain-fed agriculture of sub- during germination of Orobanche minor, for Saharan Africa.’ control? Screening enzyme inhibitors for effect Developed strigolactone analogs to induce on O. minor germination gave some compounds suicidal germination in Striga to be used in rain- which reduce radicle elongation. fed agriculture of sub-saharan Africa. Field trials Jean-Bernard Pouvreau – ‘Cannalactone: a new non- reduced Striga seed bank and did not affect AM canonical strigolactone exuded by Cannabis fungi, Need to optimize application timing. sativa roots with a pivotal role in host Jonne Rodenburg – ‘How do fertilisers affect the specialization within French broomrape facultative parasitic weed Rhamphicarpa (Phelipanche ramosa) populations.’ fistulosa ?’ Which stimulant from hemp required by Control of facultative parasite R. fistulosa Phelipanche ramosa to germinate? New includes herbicide, hand-weeding, use of strigolactone exuded by hemp called resistant rice varieties, early sowing of rice. cannalactone described. Could fertilizer help in the Rhamphicarpa/rice system as in Striga control? Control and Management Pot and field trials to look at effects of fertilizer on rice growth with or without parasite and on Damaris Odeny – ‘Striga research on finger millet: parasite growth with or without host. Fertilizer protocols, GWAS and RNA sequencing.’ overall helps rice and parasite when grown Genotyped finger millet populations with 20K together, but interaction exists: rice with SNPs; looking at transcriptomics across Striga fertilizer and parasite does worse than rice with attachment and penetration in petri dish showing fertilizer alone. Over time, R. fistulosa the upregulated genes include those involved in infestation may increase with fertilizer with more cell wall modification. capsules produced each year. Hanan Eizenberg – ‘Parasitic weed management – Evgenia Dor – ‘Development of chickpea (Cicer opportunities and challenges.’ arietinum L.) mutant resistant to imidazolinone Multiple control methods needed with new herbicides for broomrape management.’ infestations,. Here focus on control using Developed chickpea line resistant to herbicide herbicides. New technologies for mapping used to control broomrapes – Orobanche crenata infections post-emergence to be used in and Phelipanche aegyptiaca; mutant not resistant predicting control areas for subsequent years. to other herbicides. Testing with heterozygotes Hyperspectral detection for pre-emergence showed resistance is semi-dominant trait. detection based on changes in host leaf; HAUSTORIUM 76 7

growth, long term need to find optimal woody host. Guilin Chen – ‘Reproductive biology and pollination Parasitic Plant Biology of Cynomorium songaricum (Cynomoriaceae).’ C. songaricum of conservation concern. Mesh Julie Scholes – ‘Understanding the arms race: host bag experiment showed insects responsible for resistance and parasite virulence in the Striga - most pollination, with most common pollinators cereal interaction.’ determined to be from Diptera. Inflorescences Striga hermonthica on rice: how does parasite increase in temperature to increase volatility of overcome resistance? What about post- fly-attracting chemicals. attachment defenses? Striga ecotypes vary in Yaxin Wang – ‘Triphysaria controls vegetative self- virulence; also need to study genes in resistant recognition by restricting release of HIFs in rice lines. Infect rice cultivars with Striga roots.’ seedlings in rhizotron and collect parasite Triphysaria with self-recognition: root exudates seedlings post-attachment. Look at transcription from Triphysaria do not induce haustoria ; need during attachment in host to identify candidate to understand self-recognition to engineer crop defense genes then use RNAi to test candidate plants invisible to parasitic weeds. Showed genes by knocking them out in mutants + experimentally that exudate from T. roots does infecting with Striga. After RNAi, Striga not inhibit germination. Need to know genes that biomass increases on mutant rice; but likely produce host inducing factor, possibly DMPQ, to other genes involved in defense. Some Striga see if over-expressed in hosts. infections even with resistant lines. Identify Mamadou Cissoko – ‘Analysis of genetic variation genes involved in virulence: collect Striga in pre and post attachment resistance seedlings that vary in virulence after growing on mechanisms in maize inbred lines to the parasitic rice hence identify candidate genes based on big weed Striga hermonthica; implications for difference in allele frequency between Striga control.’ ecotypes. Some SNP differences non- Need to determine mechanism underlying maize synonymous, effecting genes for receptors, cell resistance to Striga, including post-attachment wall, proteases. defense. Post-attachment resistance in maize Jakub Tesitel – ‘Native parasitic plants: a solution of lines - Striga blocked in cortex. Variation in plant invasions worldwide?’ amount of strigolactone in root exudate from Problem of alien plant invasions, also native different maize lines. Variation in germination plants invading natural communities to detriment rate of Striga with root exudate from different of biodiversity. Traits of worst invaders: tall maize lines but not correlated with SL%, need to plants, clonal, N-fixing. Among different control identify SL’s most correlated with Striga measures: biotic resistance - generalist enemy germination. native to area that invader is impacting. Parasitic Desalegn Etalo – ‘Impact of the soil microbiome plant as biotic resistance. Generalist parasite on Striga -sorghum interaction.’ should have stronger negative effect on invader Does soil microbiome provide Striga than on native hosts to restore competitive suppression? Screening soil types from W. balance. A few examples presented across world, Europe for Striga activity gives large variation, including Rhinanthus to help control due to microbes? Removing microbes using Calamagrostis in grasslands of central Europe. radiation leads to increase in Striga. What is Most suitable - root hemiparasites, parasitic mechanism for anti-Striga effect of soil vines, mistletoes microbes? Bacterial volatiles reduce Striga Pradeepa Bandaranayake ‘Transcriptomics to farmer germination in presence of GR24; some fungi field: a system biology approach for infect Striga. Microbiome as part of Integrated commercializing root parasitic Santalum Management. album (sandalwood).’ S. album in silviculture: fertilizer not needed, Parasitic Plant- Host Interaction grows on marginal lands. Not popular in agriculture due to variation in yield, slow Mike Timko – ‘War and peace – the molecular growth, and germination problems. Optimized dynamics of compatible and seed germination and genotyped superior oil incompatible Striga -host plant associations.’ producing lines + optimized tissue culture of Heritable sources of monogenic resistance in superior genotypes. Tested hosts for early dicot cowpea-Striga system; also genetic HAUSTORIUM 76 8

variation in S. gesneriodides infecting cowpea. more lignin; remove ability to make lignin and Identified genes for resistance in cowpea using susceptible rice strain now resistant. Tagged SSR’s and SNPs across susceptible and resistant lignins shown to be taken in by parasite, used for varieties showed 1 gene similar to more general strength as driving force for invasion by defense gene, but is it responsible for resistance? haustoria? RNAi to silence gene in resistant race - now Min-Yao Jhu – ‘A receptor and pathways discovered susceptible. Overexpressed gene in susceptible in the lignin-based resistance to Cuscuta race - now resistant. What is nature of resistance campestris in Heinz hybrid tomato cultivars.’ response? Look at gene expression across attack Used RNAseq to identify few genes involved in by Striga in resistant vs. susceptible cowpea. tomato resistance to C. campestris. 2 genes Incompatible interaction: host root tissue killed upregulated using virus-based gene expression off followed by cell wall construction later. hence increase lignin. Other genes for resistance Compatible: down-regulation of genes used by apparently used to detect parasite identified resistant strain; turned off by parasite?Whether using CRISPR mutants. to elicit or to suppress hypersensitive response in Estelle Billard – ‘Cytokinins act as signaling host, parasite must communicate with host. molecules within the rhizosphere to trigger Look for differentially expressed genes between haustorium formation in the holoparasitic virulent and not virulent Striga strains and use plant Phelipanche ramosa’ structural criteria to identify genes likely For holoparasites like Phelipanche ramosa what responsible for transported molecules. Found is haustorial intitiation factor? Germinate with gene similar to cowpea gene and showed it is GR24 and add host + get haustoria, but what is used by Striga to suppress defensive response in the factor? Cytokinins induce haustoria, but are host by applying to resistant cowpea to make they from host or soil microbes? Arabidopsis susceptible. Multiple molecules involved in mutant without cytokinin production shows less signaling response/lack of response haustoria from P. ramose. But what is role of soil Thomas Spallek – ‘What model plants can tell us microbes? Cytokinins used to attract about parasitic plants.’ mycorrhizae. Studied genes expressed in Phtheirospermum Luiza Teixeira-Costa – ‘Striking vegetative early in haustorial development following developmental convergence in endoparasitic cytokinin transfer to induce hypertrophy; genes angiosperms.’ identified using CRISPR mutants. Mutant hosts Endoparasitic habit now thought to have evolved without hypertrophy had more haustorial independently in 4 lineages, morphological and attachments from Phtheirospermum; hypertrophy anatomical examples of convergence shown function here may be increasing sink for here. Development: parasites get bigger after nutrients/water from parasite to host. Next - penetrating host xylem through rays, and investigate size variation in Phtheirospermum, establishment with xylem only with onset of maybe xylem bridges w/o parasitism? flowering; host vessels diverging toward parasite James Westwood – ‘Message received: Evidence for flowers possibly due to reverse flux of auxins translation of mobile mRNAs in Cuscuta -host from parasite to host. Phloem-phloem interactions.’ connections in 2 of 4 lineages. Are mRNA’s transferred from host to parasite as food, for information, or both? Detected host Posters proteins in parasite and vice versa; movement of large, membrane-associated proteins certainly as Abera, S. – ‘Deciphering the sorghum root mRNA. Arabidopsis mutants for genes of microbiome for Striga-suppressive bacteria.’ proteins transported by Cuscuta in hosts affected Adewale, S. – ‘Genome-wide association analysis of in signaling pathway for defense mechanism Striga resistance in early maturing tropical hence Cuscuta manipulating host with small maize. inbred lines.’ molecule transfer likely. Bellis, E.S. – ‘Adaptation of sorghum landraces Songkui Cui - ‘The roles and functions of lignin in across gradients of Striga hermonthica parasitic plant-host interaction.‘ occurrence.’ Lignins as haustorium-inducing factor (HIF): Bernal-Galeano, V. – ‘Cuscuta campestris: shown for Striga + Phtheirospermum; Transformation and other tools for parasitic plant Arabidopsis mutants without lignin HIF had research.’ reduced parasitism, but not completely resistant. Blanco-Ania, D. – ‘Hybrid-type strigolactone Lignins as resistance: resistant rice varieties with analogues and mimics derived from auxins.’ HAUSTORIUM 76 9

Ceccantini, G. – ‘Unfitting pipes! Patterns of Imerovski, I. – ‘ Validation of broomrape resistance connection between mistletoes and their hosts: QTLs in sunflower line HA-267.’ anatomical and hydraulic consequences for Jamil, M. – ‘A new generation of methyl angiosperms parasitizing conifers.’ phenlactonoate strigolacatone analogs with high Chabaud, M. ‘Phenotyping of early stages of wild efficiency and simple structure.’ Helianthus species/ Orobanche cumana Jhu, M-Y. – ‘A receptor and pathways discovered interaction towards the identification of new in the lignin-based resistance to Cuscuta resistances.’ campestris in Heinz hybrid tomato cultivars.’ Cvejić, S. – ‘Breeding strategies for Orobanche Johnson, N. – ‘Sequence divergence among trans- cumana resistance in sunflower.’ species small RNAs in parasitic plant genus Denysenko- Bennett , M. – ‘Duplicative horizontal Cuscuta compensates for target-site diversity in gene transfer of mitochondrial atp8 gene hosts.’ observed in Cistanche armena Kibet, W. – ‘Finding a good decoy for Striga (Orobanchaceae).’ hermonthica suicidal germination.’ Dor, E. – ‘Development of chickpea (Cicer Kokla, A. – ‘The role of hormones in parasitic plant arietinum L.) mutant resistant to imidazolinone infection.’ herbicides for broomrape management.’ Krasylenko, I. – ‘ Plant-to-plant interactions: Edlund, M. – ‘How do shifts in parasitism affect cytoskeleton of stem and root parasitic plants.’ chloroplast genomes in the Santalales?’ Kunguni, J.S. – ‘Natural resistance to witchweed in Emran, S. – ‘Metabolic and biochemical aspects of cultivated and wild finger millet accessions.’ interaction between species of carrots to root Li, C. – ‘Elucidating strigolactone biosynthesis in parasite.’ Zea mays (maize).’ Feng, Y. – ‘Holoparasitism breaks the evolutionary Libiakova, D. – ‘Transformation and regeneration stasis of mitochondrial genome evolution in protocol of parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa.’ Orobanchaceae.’ Lyko, P. – ‘Trophic specialization and host-related Fischer, K. – ‘Element distribution at Cuscuta/host diversification in the Broomrape family infection sites suggests the existence of selective (Orobanchaceae).’ mineral transport barriers.’ Lyko, P. – ‘Genome sequencing of branched Flanders, N. – ‘Effects of environmental conditions broomrape and reconstruction of the on survival of a bird-dispersed mistletoe, evolutionary history of the Phelipanche Phoradendron leucarpum.’ ramosa/P. aegyptiaca species complex.’ Gedil, M. – ‘Identification of differentially Mirzaei, K. – ‘ Does introgression between two expressed genes associated with tolerance to parasitic plants have local adaptation advantages Striga hermonthica in tropical maize inbred for their offspring?.’ lines.’ Mitiku, K. – ‘Molecular detection of the Striga Haider, I. – ‘Structural basis for specific inhibition seedbank in Ethiopian soils.’ of the highly sensitive ShHTL7 receptor.’ Park, S-Y. - ‘Ethylene-mediated host responses Hudzik, C. – ‘Uncovering how and when Cuscuta increase resistance to Phelipanche aegyptiaca.’ campestris recognizes a host to produce inter- Park, S-Y. – ‘Cuscuta campestris Jasmonate- species miRNAs.’ Induced Protein 23 (CcJIP23) is a functional Imarhiagbe, O. – ‘Studies on Thonningia sanguinea mobile protein.’ Vahl. (Balanophoraceae) in Southern Nigeria: I. Park, S-Y. – ‘Message received: evidence for Range and host preference.’ translation of mobile mRNAs in Cuscuta-host Imarhiagbe, O. – ‘Studies on Thonningia sanguinea interactions.’ Vahl. (Balanophoraceae): II. Reproductive Phon-or, N. – ‘ Identification and characterization of phenology, sex ratio and insect pollinators at the QTL underlying resistance in rice to the parasitic Okomu National Park, Southern Nigeria.’ weed, Striga asiatica.’ Imarhiagbe, O. – ‘Studies on Thonningia sanguinea Rabefiraisana, J., - ‘Assessing the tolerance of the Vahl. (Balanophoraceae) in Southern Nigeria: advanced putative mutant rice lines M5 III. Distribution, habitat characteristics and generation (Oryza sativa) to Striga hermonthica phytosociology.’ attack.’ Imarhiagbe, O. – ‘Studies on Thonningia sanguinea Rapley, D. – ‘Does silicon enhance rice resistance to Vahl. (Balanophoraceae) In Southern Nigeria: the root parasitic weed, Striga hermonthica, and IV. Patterns of genetic diversity and population the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera structure within and between populations.’ littoralis?’ HAUSTORIUM 76 10

Sibinelli, V. – ‘Wood radial and axial variation of MISTLETOE (VISCUM ALBUM) AND ITS some gigantica Loranthaceae mistletoes.’ HOSTS IN BRITAIN Sibinelli, V. – ‘Comparative wood anatomy of Brazilian mistletoes genera of Loranthaceae.’ Viscum album, the only native British mistletoe, is Steele, D. – ‘Exploring the evolutionary origin of rich in associated folklore, and commercially haustorium development in root parasitic plants.’ important for the Christmas markets and its Sugimoto, Y. – ‘Aberrant protein phosphatase 2C medicinal uses. Like all mistletoes, it is a leads to ABA insensitivity, high transpiration hemiparasite, photosynthetic, and attached only to rate and sustenance of parasitism in Striga the host xylem, initial contact with which stimulates hermonthica.’ hypertrophy of the host tissue. It is hence a gall- Takahash, I. – ‘Development of propiconazole causer, inducing variable but often marked and derivatives as strigolactone biosynthesis conspicuous swelling of the host. inhibitors.’ Teixeira-Costa, L., - ‘ What's in a name? That which we call a haustorium by any other name would cause misunderstanding of parasitic plant biology.’ Tessema, T. – ‘Scaling up of Integrated Striga Control in Sorghum in Ethiopia.’ Tourneur, S. – ‘miPEPs: new tools to study and control Orobanche cumana.’ von Muenchow, - ‘Lifecycle synchronization between parasitic plants and their hosts assessed by molecular evolutionary analysis and host-induced gene silencing.’ Wada, S. – ‘Structural and functional analysis of haustorium inducing factors for the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica.’ Wallach, A. – ‘Biology and management of P. aegyptiaca in cabbage.’ Wang, Yanting – ‘Transcriptional changes in tomato roots upon P starvation and the role of strigolactones in this response.’ Wang, Yaxin – ‘Triphysaria controls vegetative self-recognition by restricting release of HIFs in roots.’ Wicke, S. – ‘Eco-evolutionary causes and V. album on branch of Malus ‘Golden Hornet’ at consequences of parasitism in plants.’ Chertsey, Surrey, 2019, showing marked Yang, Beifen – ‘Inoculation of rhizobia swelling (photo: Graham Carey) enhanced the damage of holoparasitic plant on host plant which will not be affected by It occurs throughout Central Europe, N. Africa, and exogenous nitrogen.’ S.W. & E. Asia, and has been introduced to Yang, Chong – ‘Dual transcript profiling of California and Vancouver Island (Briggs 2003). In plant-plant interaction between parasitic Britain, it occurs mainly in the south, especially the weed Orobanche cumana and sunflowers.’ south-west. Northwards, it is scarce or absent, Yoneyama, Kaori – ‘Characterization of though successfully introduced around Edinburgh, germination stimulants for P. ramosa.’ and in Ireland (Nelson 2007). It is the most Zhang, H. – ‘Phylogenetic and functional plurivorous of all mistletoes, recorded worldwide on analyses of parasitism genes in haustorial over 450 species in 44 families (Barney et al. 1998) formation and development.’ and with over 200 hosts in Britain. National surveys were carried out by the Botanical Society of the Nick Flanders British Isles (BSBI) in 1969 – 70 and by BSBI and Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia Plantlife from 1994 - 96. Various other surveys are 23529-0266 USA noted in Spooner (2018). These all record its common hosts as Malus domestica, Tilia x europaea, Robinia pseudoacacia, various Acer and HAUSTORIUM 76 11

Populus taxa, and some other rosaceous genera, unknown to Box, so that ten examples of the red oak particularly Crataegus and Sorbus. Curiously, few group are currently known in Britain. Castanea of its hosts are native; Perring (1973), for example, sativa is also virtually unknown as a host, with in notes ‘the amount growing on native trees in native Britain just one remarkable occurrence from situations is negligible’. Most hosts, then, are Spalding (Lincolnshire) (Hodgson 1931). exotics, recorded mainly in arboreta and botanic gardens. At Oxford Botanic Garden, 20 hosts were Mistletoe resistance by oaks is genetically fixed by documented in 1901 by T.E. Jefferies stating that it the host tree and involves structural elements of the is ‘now on a greater number of different kinds of bark. Differential production of polyphenols, tree than could be seen in a similar area anywhere’ stimulated by the mistletoe, may also be involved. (Anon. 1901). Such chemical barriers linked to the genetics of the host trees produce some seeming anomalies. For There are many host compilations for Britain, example, mistletoe is common on hybrid black amongst the earliest those by Baxter (1834) and poplars (P. x canadensis agg.) but virtually absent Jesse (1844) who recorded 38 hosts, including Acer on the parent P. nigra and its cultivars, due opalus not subsequently reported in Britain. Bull evidently to the production of flavonoids which (1907) documented 32 hosts from Herefordshire, accumulate during initial development of the and a survey in Britain by the Quarterly Journal of haustorium and prevent penetration (Hariri et al. Forestry received records from 39 hosts (Somerville 1991; Sallé et al. 1994). 1914). Later, Nicholson (1932) listed 164 hosts, at least 76 from Britain. Many county floras also Scarce hosts in Britain include species of Aesculus, provide host records. Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, and for Ilex aquifolium, Laburnum anagyroides, Mespilus Around 70% of records are from rosaceous genera, germanica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Platanus, and Ribes including several exotic Crataegus, Malus and only two or three records exist. Juglans regia and Sorbus such as S. pohuashanensis known only from typical J. nigra have no recent records, except a Valley Gardens, Windsor. But not all rosaceous notable occurrence on J. nigra ‘Alburiensis’, at genera are involved; Amelanchier, Cotoneaster and Albury Park, Surrey, where the clone originated. Prunus are scarce host genera, and for P. Rhamnus cathartica is also a notable host, reported laurocerasus and P. lusitanica only single early by Bull (1907) but unknown subsequently except for records exist. Notable is a recently discovered street a remarkable occurrence at Box Hill, Surrey recently tree of P. padus at West Molesey, Surrey with a recorded by Ann Sankey (Surrey Botanical Society). small bunch of mistletoe, apparently the first and only example of this as a host in Britain. For Rosa A few hosts occasionally reported on the Continent there are few reports, and on Pyrus it is also rare, have only single records in Britain, including due evidently to toxins in the berries which cause Ailanthus altissimus and Diospyros virginiana at branch cankers generally preventing development of Oxford, Carya cordiformis, species of Davidia, the mistletoe (Paine 1950). See also Fennel, Magnolia virginiana, Parrotia persica, Photinia Haustorium 75: 9. serrulata, and Tamarix gallica. Furthermore, a few hosts in England appear to be unique, including Barriers to colonisation by mistletoe may also be Alnus maximovicii at Virginia Water, and chemical or mechanical. The latter involve thickness Hamamelis ‘Red Glow’ (Mabey 1996), an otherwise of the bark and lignified fibres, particularly effective unrecorded host genus. Others include Acer for beech (Fagus sylvatica) on which mistletoe is macrophyllum, A. rubra, Arbutus sp., Catalpa virtually unknown. bignonioides, Cladrastis tinctoria, Crataegus brainerdii, Cydonia japonica, Gymnoclados dioica, V. album on Fagaceae in general is rare, and its Philadelphus coronarius, Rhododendron mollis, occurrence on native oaks (Quercus petraea, Q. Robinia viscosa, Sorbus rondaiensis, S. ferreri, and robur) has been venerated since the Druids. A Symphoricarpos albus. Viburnum seems to be an survey of British mistletoe-oaks, recently updated by unrecorded host genus anywhere, though there is an Box (2019), records just 13 extant trees only six of unconfirmed report by Jefferies (in Anon. 1901) which are native taxa (5 Q. robur, 1 hybrid). from Oxford Botanic Garden. Finally, Pistacia However, a new record on Q. rubra from Petworth terebinthus was listed for Britain by Hawksworth Park, Sussex was made in November 2017 (Spooner (1974), but this appears to be an error (see 2018), and there are two mistletoe-bearing Q. Nicholson 1932). palustris at Valley Gardens (Spooner 2016), HAUSTORIUM 76 12

Broadleaf taxa are all host to a single taxon, V. Mabey, R. 1996. Flora Britannica. Sinclair- album ssp. album. However, two other subspecies, Stevenson. on conifers, occur in Europe: V. album ssp. abietis Mcclintock, D.C. and Fitter, R.S.R. 1956. The on Abies, and V. album ssp. austriacum on Pinus, Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers. London: Picea, and occasionally other genera. Neither is Collins. officially recognised from Britain. However, at least Nelson, E.C. 2007. Mistletoe plants in Ireland. BSBI seven conifers have been reported as hosts in News 104: 50. Britain, including Taxus baccata, Abies alba, Nicholson, C. 1932. The mistletoe and its hosts. Cedrus libani, ?Cupressus sp., Larix decidua, Picea Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 91: 102- mariana and Pinus ?sylvestris. Mostly, these are 104,145-146, 259, 369-370. unverifiable early records; only ‘a cemetery cypress’ Paine, LA. 1950. The susceptibility of pear trees to from Stratford-upon-Avon (Mabey 1996) is more penetration and toxic damage by recent and, if still extant, is certainly worth further mistletoe. Phytopath. Zeits. 17(3): 305 – 327. attention. The major British floras make no mention Perring, F. 1973. Mistletoe. pp 139 – 145. in: Green, of other subspecies of Viscum, although McClintock P.S. (ed.). Plants: Wild and and Fitter (1956) state: ‘the others, very rare in Cultivated. BSBI Conference Report 13. Britain, grow respectively on pines and larches, and Classey. on firs’. The presence and status in Britain of these Sallé, G.C., Hariri, E.B. and Andary, C. 1994. taxa would be worth clarifying. Polyphenols and resistance of poplar (Populus spp.) to mistletoe (Viscum album l.). Acta Hortic. For further discussion and fuller references see 381: 756 – 762. Spooner (2018). Somerville, W. 1914. The mistletoe in England. Quart. J. Forestry 8: 20 – 25. References Spooner, B.M. 2016. In search of a misteltoe oak. Cecidology 31: 92-103. Anon. 1901. Misleto in the oxford botanic gardens. Spooner, B.M. 2018. Hosts of mistletoe in Britain – Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 29: 193. common, rare and puzzling. Barney, C.W., Hawksworth, F.G. and Geils, B.W. Cecidology 33(2): 56 – 66. 1998. Hosts of Viscum album. Eur. J. For. Path. 28: 187 – 208. Brian Spooner, Baxter, W. 1834. British phaenogamous Botany: or, Chair, British Plant Gall Society figures and descriptions of the Genera of British Flowering Plants. vol. 1, pl. 40. Oxford. PHELIPANCHE AEGYPTIACA IN Box, J. D. 2019. Oaks (Quercus spp.) parasitised by WESTERN IRAN mistletoe Viscum album (Santalaceae) in Britain. British & Irish Botany 1(1): 39 – 49. Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (Egyptian Briggs, J. 2003. Christmas curiosity or medical broomrape) has recently become invasive in marvel? A seasonal review of mistletoe. rapeseed/canola plantations in western Iran, after Biologist 50(6): 249 – 254. introduction of the crop to cultivation in the Bull, H. 1907. The mistletoe in Herefordshire. region. It is also an increasing threat for new Trans. Woolhope Nats’ Field Cl. 1852 - rapeseed cultivations and other host crops 1865: 312 – 347. limiting the choice of rotational crops. Rapeseed Hariri I, E.B., Sallé, G.C. and Andary, C. 1991. is grown as a winter crop in the region and there Involvement of flavonoids in the resistance of is a tendency among farmers for mono-cropping two poplar cultivars to mistletoe (Viscum album due to its economic value as an oil crop (Taab, L.). Protoplasma 162(1): 20 – 26. personal observations). Recently, more than Hawksworth, F.G. 1974. Mistletoes on Introduced 3000 hectares of rapeseed were found to be trees of the World. Agriculture Handbook 469. infested by P. aegyptiaca in Ilam province, with U.S. Dept. Agriculture. similar infestations reported in some other Hodgson, H.A. 1931. Mistleto and its hosts. Gard. provinces in Iran. The level of infestation is Chron. ser. 3, 89: 153. estimated to be between 10 to 80%. (Ilam Jesse, E. 1844. Scenes and tales of country life; with Agricultural Organisation; personal recollections of natural history. comnucation). ed. 1. London: John Murray. HAUSTORIUM 76 13

Although the rapeseed yield loss due to P. resistant to parasites and diseases. This is due to aegyptiaca in the infested fields in west of Iran the boost received from a finger millet Crop has not yet been quantified, yield reductions of Wild Relatives (CWR) pre-breeding project led 65-70% are expected. by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and funded by Seed germination of P. aegyptiaca up to 100% the Crop Trust which ensures funding until 2020. can occur at temperatures ranging between 15 Finger millet is highly valued for its nutritional and 35°C. Thus, it is assumed that rising qualities and recognized as a Smart Food, yet temperatures due to ongoing climate change production of finger millet remains below its could contribute to an increase of infestation. potential. Farmers claim that the two key constraints to increased production are the blast disease and a parasitic weed called Striga. ‘Blast is the most destructive disease of finger millet,’ said Dr. Henry Ojulong, a cereals breeder at ICRISAT. ‘Blast can occur at all stages of plant growth and can affect the leaves, neck and fingers.’ In Kenya, blast can cause an estimated average yield loss of about 30 percent. Similarly, Striga, a sap-sucking weed, can lead to a complete loss of crops and once it’s in a farmer’s field, it is nearly impossible to eradicate. ‘This project involves working with crop wild relatives (CWR) of finger millet since some of those have developed tolerance to either blast or Striga,’ reported ICRISAT’s Dr. Damaris Odeny, who is the principal investigator of the five-year CWR finger millet pre-breeding Infestation of Phelipanche aegyptiaca on project. rapeseed in Dasht Abbas, Ilam, Iran. Photo Z. Nazari. ‘We are delighted with the progress shown by the team during Phase 1,’ said Dr. Benjamin Broomrape species are difficult weeds to control Kilian, the Crop Wild Relatives Pre-breeding and no control measures have been applied so far Project Coordinator. ‘Thanks to the support from in this region, encouraging the further spread of the Government of Norway, we will be the problem. Research is needed to survey the supporting the project further. Our end goal is to infested areas and to develop suitable control raise finger millet production by providing measures. farmers with access to varieties that not only withstand drought but are also resistant to blast Acknowledgment: and Striga.’ I acknowledge the help of Chris Parker in identifying the species and Miss Z. Nazri for The team started by collecting wild finger millet providing the plant samples. samples and screening them for resistance to blast and Striga. ‘We used wild relatives of Dr. Alireza Taab, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant finger millet because we observed that some of Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam them growing alongside cultivated finger millet University, 69315-516, ILAM, IRAN. E-mail: on farmers’ fields were not affected by either [email protected]. Tel: +98-9186149226. Striga or blast disease,’ explained Dr Odeny. The wild types, however, lack many traits that cultivated varieties may have, such as grain size NEW AND CURRENT PROJECTS and color, early maturation or high yield. During the first phase of the CWR project, the Delivering high-yielding, disease-resistant team, which included researchers not only from finger millet to farmers. ICRISAT but also from the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Farmers can soon access finger millet varieties – Kisii Center and Maseno University, was that not only withstand drought but are also successful in identifying wild finger millet HAUSTORIUM 76 14 samples showing resistance to Striga and blast obtained. These comprised a transect of 116km disease as well as drought tolerance. The team along RN34 (T1, n=153) and one of 70km along also identified finger millet qualities preferred by RN1 (T2, n=83). T1 was located between the farmers and consumers so that the project would towns of Betafo and Morafeno and T2 was ensure that new varieties maintained these located between 3km east of the Sakay and the qualities. outskirts of Tsiroamandidy (see below).

‘In Phase 2 of the project (2018-2020), we will now introduce these unique characteristics into cultivated varieties with the support of the Crop Trust,’ said Dr. Odeny. The team will work toward releasing farmer-preferred varieties that have been improved using the superior traits from wild finger millets.

Christine Wangari, ICRISAT, Kenya

N2AFRICA – new Striga project – update. Location of transects T1 and T2. Following the item in Haustorium 75 relating to the N2Africa Project, their Podcaster No. 54 One field on either side of the road was surveyed (September 2018 - January 2019) includes detail every kilometre. In the absence of fields in the of their Striga project in western Kenya: immediate vicinity of the 1km sections, the next Objectives will include: available field was located and surveyed. Fields 1. Quantify Striga seed bank in maize fields of almost exclusively comprised a main crop of high and low infestation. either maize or rice, though a very small number 2. Correlate seed bank and Striga emergence of fields were surveyed with other main crops. with soil physiochemical characteristics. Fields were divided into quadrats, with two 3. Compare Striga emergence and seed bank observers recording Striga density within up to between maize in monoculture three quadrats per field, measuring 10m wide by 20m in length. Where a field was over 1200m2 or rotation with a legume crop. 2 ‘This research will provide updated is size, survey was limited to 3x200m quadrats understanding of the per observer. In each instance a field corner was degree by which Striga parasitism can be randomly selected as the point to begin survey combated by (Figure 2). legumes. Future work will include further Striga density was estimated within quadrats characterization of using a six-point, density structured scale, the Striga-reducing benefit provided by ranging from absent (0) to very high (5). Based legumes.’ on available information, crop type, rice variety, companion crop, previous crop, estimated mean Striga asiatica Madagascar fieldwork crop height, and percentage cover and data were summary 2019. collected. Information on fertiliser addition and any other pertinent information on the general area were recorded (where available). Photos of For my first year of PhD studies I undertook each field were also obtained. In addition, soil fieldwork in Madagascar between February and samples were collected from 104 fields and were March 2019, as part of a team from the analysed for NO3 and pH. University of Sheffield and CIRAD. The principal aim was to model the distribution and We are looking at whether the effects of rice abundance of Striga asiatica across the middle- variety had a significant effect on Striga density, west region and to update information on Striga as well as the effect of the spatial distribution of distribution. Available records are sparse, and no the weeds, and we hope to post results very studies of distribution have been undertaken for soon! over 20 years. Donald Scott, PhD Student, Fieldwork involved undertaking two long- University of Sheffield, distance, driven transects in which Striga [email protected] abundance in fields adjacent to the road was HAUSTORIUM 76 15

Pea (Pisum sativum) breeding for disease and pest resistance

The aim of this Project (AGL2017-82907, 2018- 2020) is to provide a biotechnological support to disease and pest resistance breeding of pea (Pisum sativum) and grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) giving continuity to a long term research program. This is approached by a serie of concatenated strategies: 1) Search for sources of resistance; 2) Use of identified resistances in breeding by crossing and selection; 3) Advanced QTL mapping for resistance and genome- enabled prediction; 4) Molecular characterization of plant/pathogen interaction; 5) Development of alternative control methods including allelopathy and bioprotection.

In the Mediterranean Basin broomrape

(Orobanche crenata) is the major constraint for pea production, followed by ascochyta blight traits and resistance to other pests and diseases. (Didymella pinodes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe This is complemented with exhaustive pisi) and rust (Uromyces pisi). We started phenotyping of large germplasm collections broomrape resistance research in pea in the under controlled condition and in multi- frame of project 1FD97-0393 (1999-2001) in environment field trials to enable Genome Wide which, after a huge search we found that Association studies and Genomic Selection. In resistance was very scarce, with only some levels addition to this contribution towards of incomplete resistance identified in a few understanding plant/pathogen interaction, this accessions of P. sativum and in wild Pisum spp. project intends to provide applied solutions to These sources of resistance were successfully farmers, delivering resistant germplasm together crossed with pea cultivars and introduced into with alternative control strategies in integrated our pea breeding program that already yielded control packages covering a number of major the registration of the first pea cultivars resistant pests (aphid and weevil) and diseases (powdery to broomrape (Fig. 1). Mechanisms of resistance mildew, rust, ascochyta blight and fusarium have been characterized both in pea and in the wilt). model legume Medicago truncatula. Resistance available so far seems to be of complex Diego Rubiales inheritance, so in the frame of subsequent Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, projects we approached the search for QTLs. Córdoba, Spain These pea activities were complemented with work on faba bean (Vicia faba), crop in which we coordinated the European FP5 project REQUEST FOR SEEDS OF OROBANCHE EUFABA (2003-2005), getting expertise in CRENATA resistance breeding. Contributing to the programs of other colleagues we covered also I am happy to inform you that, thanks to an some small activities on vetch (V. sativa), agreement between the Faculty of Agricultural, chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens Food and Forest Sciences of the University of culinaris) and common bean (Phaseolus Palermo and the Experimental Zoo-prophylactic vulgaris). Institute of Sicily and the Biobank of the Mediterranean will host a section dedicated to Altogether, this enabled us to consolidate a pea the seeds of parasitic Orobanchaceae. program at Córdoba, that is the major target of our group. In the current project we give This core collection will give the opportunity to continuity to the breeding program with a major all of us interested in the study of this group to emphasis on combining existing levels of easily access to material of different origins. All broomrape resistance with desirable agronomic of us are aware of the importance of the local HAUSTORIUM 76 16 selection of parasites and hosts that exists in this challenges, including battling parasitic group. Therefore the availability of seeds of infestations and plant infections. different origins will allow the realization of Apocarotenoids are organic compounds found in more accurate experiments. Seed housed in the the tissues of most living things; they can act as Biobank will be supplied to users representing hormones and signaling molecules which, among recognised organisations, who make requests on other functions, stimulate metabolic processes. behalf of that organisation. The contributors of Scientists are just beginning to untangle the the Core collection will have a privileged complex networks of these compounds in plants, channel to request the supply of seeds. with surprising results. Under the guidance of KAUST faculty Salim Al-Babili, Takashi In order to create this core collection I invite all Gojobori and Ikram Blilou, the KAUST team, of you to deposit samples in the Biobank and the together with scientists in Italy, have identified a spring that is about to begin can be a good time novel apocarotenoid metabolite called zaxinone to make targeted collections of Orobanchaceae that is synthesized by a previously overlooked growing both on agricultural and natural group of enzymes, carotenoid cleavage environments. dioxygenases (CCDs), found in most plants. As well as promoting plant growth, zaxinone Those interested can contact me for the reduces infestation by the root parasite, Striga, instructions for seed collection. also known as witchweed.

Gianniantonio Domina, The first author of the paper Jian You Wang University of Palermo, Sicily, explains, Striga is a parasitic plant that infests [email protected] cereals. Plant hormones called strigolactones are released by host plants into soil, and Striga seeds use this to germinate and build a structure that PRESS REPORTS connects them to the host roots, where they siphon off nutrients, minerals and water. This Metabolite stimulates a crop while strips the host of resources needed for its own suppressing a weed growth, drastically reducing yields. Striga now affects more than 60 percent of farmland in sub- Saharan Africa and is spreading quickly; it is one of the seven major biotic threats to global food security.’

The team used sequence databases to analyze the distribution and activity of CCD genes across 69 different plant species, including rice. They identified a gene and its associated enzyme in one CCD subfamily that produces zaxinone. They investigated mutant rice plants with Striga infestation (the smaller plants highlighted reduced zaxinone content to find that they had inside yellow boxes) in both control and in poor growth and elevated levels of zaxinone-treated rice plants. Zaxinone limits the strigolactones. ‘Next, we exposed mutant and ability of Striga to take hold, allowing healthier wild-type plants to increased zaxinone levels,’ plants to grow with improved yields. Credit: says Wang. ‘This treatment rescued the mutant Salim Al-Babili plants and promoted the growth of wild-type plants. We were surprised to find that this A newly discovered, naturally occurring metabolite regulates strigolactone levels with the metabolite that promotes growth in rice plants knock-on effect of tackling Striga infestation.’ and thwarts infestation by a common parasitic ‘We are very excited about zaxinone—it could plant could help improve global food security, be used to alleviate Striga infestation or as a bio- say KAUST researchers. Plant scientists are stimulant to accelerate plant growth,’ Al-Babili working on methods for generating healthy, adds. ‘We're currently performing metabolomics nutritious crops to feed the world's growing and transcriptomics studies to fully understand population. However, breeding strong plants that this growth regulator and how it functions.’ provide reliable, sustainable yields is beset with HAUSTORIUM 76 17

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2019-03- Entomologist and Chief Research Scientist at the metabolite-crop-suppressing-weed.html#jCp Kenya Forest Research Institute (Kefri). The dodder builds a canopy on the host plant and and see Litertature item Jian You Wang et al. casts thousands of tendrils to form a dense 2019. below. spectacle before it strangles it. According to scientists, the weed spreads mainly through King Abdullah University of Science and contaminated crop seed, although vegetative Technology spread is also possible. ‘The biggest problem is March 7, 2019 that Cuscuta has hundreds of host plants, some of them are of great economic importance,’ said Dodder plant poses threat to trees and crops Dr Mutitu. ‘We have observed a huge impact on a wide range of plants and trees such as citrus, grevillea, euphorbia trees among many others,’ he told the Nation. The plant also affects crops such tomatoes, sweet potatoes, tea, and potatoes. According to scientists, the weed spreads mainly through contaminated crop seed, although vegetative spread is also possible.

Unlike root parasites such as Striga which require a germination stimulant provided by host roots, scientists at the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International have observed that Cuscuta species have no specialised germination requirement. The weed is also said to be resilient to different climatic conditions and its seed can persist in dry soils for more than 10 years as it awaits a host.

‘I have tried different kinds of chemicals from local agrovets, but the weed has survived the onslaught, thriving and killing host plants,’ said Mr Onyango. Kakamega Forest Senior Manager George Aimo said the dodder plant is a major threat to trees and crops. ‘It has preference of A tree in Wote town, Makueni County, invaded certain species, though we cannot rule out that it by dodder. can affect other trees species. Though it has not yet attacked any species in Kakamega Forest, it Kakamega Forest Senior Manager George Aimo is present on the forest fence,’ said Mr Aimo. said the dodder plant is a major threat to trees The forester said that despite its short lifespan, and crops. When Samuel Onyango, a the parasitic weed can easily damage a forest if smallholder farmer from Kisumu County, first not dealt with in time. noticed yellowish spaghetti-like leafless vines hanging loosely on his fence some three years Prof Matthew Dida, the Head of the Department ago, he did not bother about them. Little did he of Agriculture at Maseno University, said that know that it was a killer weed that would end up there are different kinds of dodder species which strangling his crops and even trees. can affect indigenous vegetables and trees. ‘It is possible that the parasitic plant could evolve to The weed, known as field dodder or Cuscuta affect other species that have not been under japonica, whose origin has been traced to North attack so far,’ said Prof Dida, pointing out that America, is a parasitic plant; meaning that it the most affected tree species in western Kenya draws nutrients from host plants and trees — are in the family of the yellow oleander, usually suffocating them, sometimes to death. ‘It is preferred for live fencing. According to Dr becoming a nightmare particularly in western Mutitu, Kefri has started analysing the weed to Kenya, the Rift Valley and in parts of the Central understand the biology of host plants among region,’ said Dr Eston Mutitu, a Senior HAUSTORIUM 76 18 other issues, with a view of coming up with a mitigation strategy. ‘We are looking for a collaboration with Rothamsted Research, to possibility of chemical control of the weed and investigate how this concept can be developed in in the long term biological control,’ said Dr the most effective and affordable technology for Mutitu. ‘We are also exploring other avenues smallholder farming systems. The main including positive uses of Cuscuta,’ he said, supervisor from NRI will be Dr Jonne referring to a new study published in the Rodenburg ([email protected]); co- American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, supervision will be provided by Dr Stephan which suggests that the weed could be an Haefele of Rothamsted Research. Applications important source of medicine. need to be made online via https://www.gre.ac.uk/research/study/apply/appli So far, farmers are using manual methods of cation-process. In the first part of the application control which include uprooting infested plants select the following: Agriculture, Health and and burning them. However, in other areas Environment (MPhil/PhD). The closing date for people who are yet to understand the weed applications is midnight (UTC) on 31 October preserve it particularly on their fences confusing 2019. The scholarship must commence before 6 it is a flower. ‘There is need to sensitise the January 2020. public on the impact of the dodder weed,’ said THESIS Ms Abigael Koech, a phytosanitary expert at the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate. Dodder’s An overview of Phelipanche ramosa seeds: many other names include love vine, knot weed, sensitivity to germination stimulants and strangle weed, strangle vine, angel’s hair, gold- microbiome profile. Sarah Huet. Masters thread, devil’s ringlet, hell-bind, hair weed, Thesis. Universite de Nantes, France. devil’s hair, hail weed and witches’ shoelaces. (Supervisors Lucie Poulin and Jean-Bernard Pouvreau) Daily Nation May 31 2019 Phelipanche ramosa, a.k.a. broomrape, is a parasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family that (NB. There have been a number of press infests numerous hosts in Europe and reports of new Cuscuta problems in Kenya Mediterranean basin. It causes huge yield losses over the past years. Our attempts to on various crops and especially on oilseed rape determine exactly which species have been whose cultivation is threatened in western involved have not been successful. It is almost France. One of the special features of broomrape certain that more than one species is involved, is its seed germination. Indeed, broomrape seeds but the suggestion that this is C. japonica is cannot germinate without perceiving a alarming as this is a serious invasive species germination stimulant (GS) exuded by its host. not previously recorded from Africa. It is an Two main types of growth stimulant have been Asian species common in eastern Asia. It does identified hitherto: strigolactones and not originate from North America as isothiocyanates. These molecules are known to suggested, though it has been introduced to be exuded by several crops but can also be USA as a medicinal herb, and become modified or degraded by microorganisms. invasive in parts of California (see Additionally, three P. ramosa genotypes have Haustorium 51). Our enquiries continue.) been distinguished with specific preferential hosts: oilseed rape for genotype 1, hemp for genotype 2a and tobacco for genotype 2b. This PhD SCHOLARSHIP OPPORTUNITY AT study is based on seed samples that cover this NRI genetic diversity. Herein, we observed that seeds coming from different hosts had different Innovative fertiliser solutions to combat Striga sensitivities to growth stimulants. on smallholder sorghum farms in Africa. Two Concomitantly, we described the bacterial and farmer-preferred Striga control technologies that fungal communities associated with P. ramosa potentially have the necessary synergy to be seeds and observed that the originating host of integrated are Striga-resistant/tolerant varieties the parasitic seeds was the most influent factor and crop nutrition through fertilisers. A PhD shaping the seed microbiome. We also noticed a project is offered by Natural Resources Institute terroir effect, especially on fungal communities. (NRI), University of Greenwich, UK, in Furthermore, we characterize the P. ramosa seed HAUSTORIUM 76 19 core microbiome. Thus, this study continues the members who are interested in the biology, research effort on broomrape host specialization genetics, and chemistry of SLs. and highlights the growing evidence of the key role of microbiome in host plant – parasitic plant I noticed that in most experiments rac-GR24 was interactions. used as a standard SL. However, it is a mixture of enantiomers that have different affinities to BOOK REVIEW the receptors, D14 and KAI2. Therefore, optically pure isomer or natural SLs should be Strigolactones – Biology and Applications. used from now on. It is rather easy to separate Edited by Hinanit Koltai and Cristina Prandi, enantiomer of rac-GR24 for us chemists and thus 2019. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, xxx pp. I encourage biologists to ask chemists for optically pure SLs. Of course, it is preferable to This is an excellent textbook on strigolactones use natural SLs in any experiments. It may be (SLs) for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, possible to establish plant cell cultures or in vitro teachers and all scientists who would like to cell-free systems for the production of natural better understand SLs. SLs. Furthermore, as plants produce and release not a single but a mixture of SLs, effect of SLs were originally identified as germination different SL mixtures on various biological stimulants for root parasitic weeds and thus, I functions need to be examined in the future. think, have been well-known chemicals (only?) among IPPS members. In the first decade of this I noticed some minor mistakes and typos: century, SLs have been shown to be not Page 22, Fig. 1.9; The structure of heliolactone detrimental but beneficial metabolites to plants needs to be corrected (see Fig. 1.3). themselves as they function as rhizosphere MeCLA+18 should be MeCLA+16, signals for symbionts in particular arbuscular conversion of CLA to MeCLA is not mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and in addition, as a catalyzed by MAX1 but by a novel class of plant hormones regulating plant methyltransferase. architecture and response to abiotic stresses. In Page 22, line 4; The enzyme the last two decades, biosynthesis, perception, LATERAL…..(LBO) should not be in italic. and signal transduction of SLs have been Page 101, Fig. 3.5; The structures of sorgomol extensively studied but not yet fully and heliolactone should be corrected (see Fig. characterized. 6.2 and Fig. 1.3, respectively) Page 102, line 4 from the bottom; CCD8 should This book, the fruit of the COST action FA1206 be in italic. “Strigolactones: biological roles and Page 104, line 4; ent-2’-epi-orobanchol should applications”, contains 6 chapters which were be orobanchol to avoid possible confusion. written by experts in each research field. Page 105, line 5 from the bottom; physic should be physical Chapter 1: Strigolactone Biosynthesis and Signal Page 127, line 2; Kaori et al. 2008 should be Transduction Yoneyama et al. 2008 (see Page 140). Chapter 2: Strigolactones as Plant Hormones Page 130, 133; diastereoisomers should be Chapter 3: Strigolactones and Parasitic Plants stereoisomers (enantiomers); rac-GR24 is a Chapter 4: The Role of Strigolactones inn Plant– mixture of enantiomers but not of Microbe Interactions diastereo(iso)mers. See Glossary in Chapter Chapter 5: Evolution of Strigolactone 6. Biosynthesis and Signalling Page 140; Yoneyama K, Xie X, Sekimoto H, Chapter 6: The Chemistry of Strigolactones Takeuchi Y, Ogasawara S, Akiyama K, Hayashi H, Yoneyama K (2008) In general, all chapters are written carefully in Strigolactones, host recognition signals for plain English and Figures, Glossaries, and root parasitic plants and arbuscular Synopses help readers to understand each topic. mycorrhizal fungi, from Fabaceae plants. As the Editors explain in ‘Introduction’, each New Phytol 179 (2):484–494. chapter starts with a general introduction which Page 174, line 2; ‘form’ should read ‘from’?? enables readers to look deeply into the specific aspects addressed by every single chapter. I Koichi Yoneyama, Ehime University strongly recommend this book to all IPPS [email protected] HAUSTORIUM 76 20

GENERAL WEB SITES

FORTHCOMING MEETINGS For individual web-site papers and reports see LITERATURE IUFRO World Congress 2019 – Technical Session - Complex interactions of mistletoe, * these websites may need copy and paste. ecosystems, and people. Curitiba, Brazil. 29 September – 5 October, 2019. For information on the International Parasitic Plant http://www.iufro2019.com Society, past issues of Haustorium, etc. see: Or contact: David Shaw, Oregon State http://www.parasiticplants.org/ University, [email protected] For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The Parasitic Plant Connection’ see: http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/ World Oilseed Congress (WOS), Lviv, Ukraine *For the Parasitic Plant Genome Project (PPGP) see: November 6-7, 2019. https://worldoilseed.org/ http://ppgp.huck.psu.edu/ International Biological, Agricultural and Life For information on the new Frontiers Journal Science Congress (BIALIC), Lviv, Ukraine, ‘Advances in Parasitic Weed Research’ see: November 7-8, 2019. https://bialic.org/ http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/3938/ advances-in-parasitic-weed-research For information on the EU COST 849 Project (now BELATED ACKNOWLEDGEMENT completed) and reports of its meetings see: http://cost849.ba.cnr.it/ For many years I have worked with For a description of the PROMISE project CABInternational (CABI), writing and editing (Promoting Root Microbes for Integrated Striga data sheets on weeds , originally for their Plant Eradication), see: Protection CD, later available on line, and then http://promise.nioo.knaw.nl/en/about on a broader range of plant species for their *For PARASITE - Preparing African Rice Farmers Invasive Species Compendium Against Parasitic Weeds in a Changing (https://www.cabdirect.org/?target=%2fcabdirect Environment: see http://www.parasite- %2fsearch%2f%3fsearchtype%3dadvance- project.org/ search%26q%3d). For this work I have had For the Index of Orobanchaceae prepared by Óscar access to their very comprehensive database, Sáchez Pedraja, Gerald Schneeweiss and others CAB Direct, ‘the most thorough and extensive (updated December 2018), see: source of reference in the applied life sciences’, http://www.farmalierganes.com/Otrospdf/publica covering plants generally and not just weeds. /Orobanchaceae%20Index.htm For the Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of I have always felt that this invaluable source Orobanchaceae, see: should be acknowledged in Haustorium, but I http://www.farmalierganes.com/Flora/Angiosper was anxious that I might be contravening some mae/Orobanchaceae/Host_Orobanchaceae_Chec prohibition against distillation of this sort. I was klist.htm worried I would be found out and banned from For information on the EWRS Working Group using it any longer! ‘Parasitic weeds’ see: http://www.ewrs.org/parasitic_weeds.asp As my work for CABI had dwindled, my access For a description and other information about the finally expired and I have had to come clean. Desmodium technique for Striga suppression, Fortunately they have very generously renewed see: http://www.push-pull.net/ my access and allowed me to continue preparing For information on the work of the African the Literature items as usual, for which I am very Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) on grateful. CAB Direct is the source of the bulk of Striga control in Kenya, including periodical items scanned, supplemented by Frontiers and ‘Strides in Striga Management’ and ResearchGate, and personal pointers. ‘Partnerships’ newsletters, see: http://www.aatf- africa.org/ Chris Parker. *For Access Agriculture (click on cereals for videos on Striga) see: http://www.accessagriculture.org/ For information on future Mistel in derTumortherapie Symposia see:

HAUSTORIUM 76 21

http://www.mistelsymposium.de/deutsch/- 10(1): 90-102. [A survey of 18 traditional mistelsymposien.aspx healers found that Phragmanthera capitata For a compilation of literature on Viscum album was among the most favoured sources.] prepared by Institute Hiscia in Arlesheim, Akhil Saxena, Dwarika Prasad and Rajesh Switzerland, see: Haldhar. 2018. Investigation of corrosion http://www.vfk.ch/informationen/literatursuche inhibition effect and adsorption activities of (in German but can be searched by inserting Cuscuta reflexa extract for mild steel in 0.5 author name). M H2SO4. Bioelectrochemistry 124: 156-164. For the work of Forest Products Commission (FPC) [C. reflexa extract contains 3-methoxy- on sandalwood, see: 3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy flavone, which http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/sandalwood decreases the corrosion rate of mild steel in For 6th Mistletoe Symposium, Germany, November acidic medium. The maximum corrosion 2015 see: inhibition efficiency was observed at 500 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09 mg/L inhibitor concentration.] 447113/22/supp/S1 Akhter, G. and Khan, T.A. 2019. First report of disease complex caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Orobanche aegyptiaca in LITERATURE brinjal. Trends in Biosciences 11(13): 2414- 215. [In Iran.] *indicates web-site reference only Akhter, G. and Khan, T.A. 2018. Screening of Items in bold selected for special interest brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) varieties Items in blue relate to therapeutic uses of against obligate root parasite, Orobanche parasitic plants aegyptiaca. Journal of Crop and Weed 14(3): 203-208. [Noting that brinjal is seriously damaged by O. aegyptiaca in Uttar Pradesh, *Abbes, Z., Trabelsi, I., Kharrat, M. and Amri, India and reporting that of 30 varieties M. 2019. Intercropping with fenugreek compared for their susceptibility, only 3 (Trigonella foenum-graecum ) enhanced seed (Mahy 112, Mahy 80 and Nagina) were yield and reduced Orobanche foetida tolerant, and only one, Mahy Ruby was infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba ). moderately resistant. None was fully Biological Agriculture and Horticulture May resistant.] 2019. Akhter, G., Khan, T.A. and Zafar, A. 2018. A (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108 rare abnormality in flower of Orobanche 0/01448765.2019.1616614?journalCode=tba aegyptiaca – a new report. Pakistan Journal h20) [Inter-cropping with T. foenum-gracum of Weed Science Research 24(4): 363-366. reduced emergence and underground [Reporting abnormalities in flowers of O. numbers of O. foetida on both susceptible aegypiaca UP, India, involving double pistils variety Badi and resistant Najeh, and increase and 8 stamens, accompanied by a reduction seed yield, particularly in Najeh.] of pollen viability from the normal 86% to Abdelhalim, T.S., Babiker, A.G.T. and Finckh. 33%.] 2019. Effects of powder and aqueous extracts Al-Gburi, B.K.H., Al-Sahaf, F.H., Al-Fadhal, of Euphorbia hirta on Phelipanche ramosa F.A. and del Monte, J.P. 2019. Detection of germination and haustorium initiation. phytochemical compounds and pigments in Archives of Phytopathology and Plant seeds and shoots of Cuscuta campestris Protection 51(17-18): 979-992. [Dried parasitizing on eggplant. Physiology and powder or aqueous extracts of E. hirta Molecular Biology of Plants 25(1): 253-261. increasd germination of P. ramosa and [Studying the different content of protein, reduced haustorial initiation, suggesting that total phenolic, total soluble carbohydrates, they could also be used as ‘spot treatments to plant hormones and pigments in seeds, and in induce suicidal germination of Striga shoots (flower and filament). ABA content hermonthica.’] was particularly high in the seeds.] Abiolu, O.A. 2018. Ethnobotanical study of Aly, R., Bari, V., Londner, A., Nassar, J.A., medicinal plants in southwestern Nigeria and Taha-Salaime, L. Eizenberg, H. and Lati, R. traditional healers' perception of indigenous 2019. Development of specific molecular knowledge digitisation. Inkanyiso: The markers to distinguish and quantify Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences broomrape species in a soil sample from HAUSTORIUM 76 22

infected field. BIORXIV pre-print in Tunisia showed Chourouk to suffer only (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/60 32% yield loss in faba bean compared with 2284v2) [Describing a DNA technique for 55% for the resistant Najeh and 87% for detecting, and distinguishing between, the susceptible varieties and yielding 4-6 times seeds or other material of Orobanche that of the latter. It produces little stimulant crenata, O. cumana and Phelipanche but is thought to have other resistance aegyptiaca in soil.] mechanisms. It also shows rsitance to O. *Aly, R., Lati, R., Abu Nassar, J., Ziadna, H., crenata.] Achdari, H., von Münchow, C.S., Wicke, S., Anchal Rana, Sudhir Singh and Ashok Kumar. Bari, V.K. and Eizenberg, H. 2019. The 2018. Parasitic association of Cuscuta with weedy parasite Phelipanche aegyptiaca Polygonatum verticillatum Linn. Indian attacks Brassica rapa var. rapa L. for the Forester 144(6): 584-585. [Regrettably no first time in Israel. Plant Disease 103(7): abstract available, but probably referring to (https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.109 C. reflexa.] 4/PDIS-02-19-0285-PDN) [Noting that P. Anil Duhan, Punia, S.S., Samunder Singh and aegyptiaca is the most serious and extensive Hooda, V.S. 2018. Sensitivity and terminal parasitic weed in Israel and for the first time residues of various herbicides screened for was found in white turnip as the winter crop the control of broomrape in tomato. Indian following summer tomatoes which were Journal of Weed Science 50(2): 146-152. infested with this weed. And using [Studying the sensitivity of sulfosulfuron, mitochondrial DNA to confirm its distinction ethoxysulfuron, mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron, from P. ramosa, P. mutelii or P. nana.] metribuzin and imezethapyr to tomato *Amanuel Ayanaw Abunie and Gemedo Dalle. varieties Himsona and Rocky, and their 2018. Woody species diversity, structure, and persistence in fruits and soil. Only regeneration status of Yemrehane Kirstos sulfosulfuron proved selective for control of Church Forest of Lasta Woreda, North Wollo Phelipanche aegyptiaca in tomato.] Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. 2018. *Anselmo-Moreira, F., Teixeira-Costa, L., International Journal of Forestry Research Decccantini, G. and Maria Furlan, C. 2018. 2018: Article ID 5302523. Mistletoe effects on the host tree Tapirira (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2018/ guianensis: insights from primary and 5302523/) [Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata and secondary metabolites. Chemoecology 29(1): Osyris quadripartita among the six most 11-24. abundant species recorded.] (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2F Amini, E., Nasrollahi, F., Sattarian, A., Kor, S. s00049-018-0272-6) [Analyses showed and Boozarpour, S. 2018. Molecular and decreased carbohydrates in leaves of T. micro-morphological evidences of the genus guaianensis parasitised by Phorandendron Cuscuta in Iran. Rostaniha 19(2): 113-129. perrottetii. Also a rise in tannin content in [Seed and pollen morphology and a nuclear non-infested branches of infested trees, rDNA ITS dataset were used to examine suggesting a systemic effect of the parasite relationships among Cuscuta australis, C. on the host. High flavanoids were detected at chinensis and C. campestris. Multiple the attachment site.] collections of each species were Anusorn, K. and Intanon, S. 2019. Flowering monophyletic (as expected) and differences phenology of common Chinese mistletoe in micromorphological characters were (Macrosolen cochinchinensis) and its noted.] infestation of jackfruit (Artocarpus Amri, M., Trabelsi, I., Abbes, Z. and Kharrat, heterophyllus).) (in Thai) Kaen Kaset = Khon M. 2019. Release of a new faba bean variety Kaen Agriculture Journal 47(Suppl.1): 1431- "Chourouk" resistant to the parasitic plants 1436. [M. cochinchinensis flowered 2-3 times Orobanche foetida and O. crenata in Tunisia. in 6 months and was continuously flowering International Journal of Agriculture and and fruiting on jackfruit, A. heterophyllus. Biology 23(3): 499-505. [‘Chourouk’ was There was significant reduction of lead mass developed from a cross between the in the host. Orobanche-resistant line selected by INRAT, *Azevedo, J.M.L., Santos, C.G.G., Caires, C.S., ‘XBJ90.03-20-1-1-1-1-1-1-D’, and ‘19TB’, Araújo Neto, J.C.A. and Souza, R.C. 2018. selected by INRA’ France for its resistance to Morphometry and germination of Passovia Ascochyta blight and low tannin. Field trials pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus and HAUSTORIUM 76 23

Phoradendron mucronatum diaspores. Planta Bhat, N.A., Licha Jeri, Yogendra Kumar and Daninha 36: e018170863. Mir, A.H.. 2018. First observation of field (http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_a dodder and its host range in Meghalaya. rttext&pid=S0100- Indian Journal of Weed Science 50(2): 192- 83582018000100218&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng 194. [Cuscuta campestris newly recorded =en) [Germination is best at the alternating from, mainly, Mikania micrantha, temperatures of 20-30°C for P. pyrifolia and Parthenium hysterophorus and Duranta P. mucronatum and at a constant 20°C for S. erecta.] marginatus (parasitising Citrus sinensis and Bilas Singh, Singh, G. and Rathore, T.S. 2018. Annona squamosa in Brazil). Light reduced The effects of woody hosts on Santalum the germination of P. mucronatum and S. album L. tree growth under agroforestry in marginatus but not P. pyrifolia. Germination semi-arid north Gujarat, India. Indian of all three was improved when the epicarp Forester 144(5): 424-430. was removed.] *Bilgen, B.B., Baru, A.K. and Demirbas, S. Babita Mishra, Sandeep, C., Sushant Arade, 2019. Genetic characterization of Orobanche Sruthi Subbanna and Syam Viswanath. 2018. cumana populations from the Thrace region Assessment of heartwood and oil content of of Turkey using microsatellite markers. Santalum album Linn. in natural and Turkish Journal of Botany 43(1): 38-47. naturalized populations across contrasting (https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article- edapho-climatic conditions in India. Indian file/625126) [Six populations of O. cumana Forester 144(7): 675-685. were found to fall into 2 main clusters. Most Badu-Apraku, B., Fakorede, M.A.B., Annor, B. variation was within populations.] and Talabi, A.O. 2018. Improvement in grain Bradley, L.E., Kelly, C.A. and Bowers, M.D. yield and low-nitrogen tolerance in maize 2018. Host plant suitability in a specialist cultivars of three eras. Experimental herbivore, Euphydryas anicia Agriculture 54(6): 805-823. [Describing a (Nymphalidae): preference, performance and three-stage breeding programme aimed at sequestration. Journal of Chemical Ecology resistance to drought, low soil fertility and 44(11): 1051-1057. [E. anicia feeds on Striga hermonthica. Maize line 2009 TZEE- Castilleja integra in the lab but in the field OR2 STR was the most stable, with mucn prefers Penstemon glabra competitive yield across environments, while (Plantaginaceae), perhaps due to the presence 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 2, and TZEE-W of the iridoid glycoside macfadienoside in the STR 104, TZEE-W STR 108 and 2012 former.] TZEE-W DT STR C5 were high yielding but Brotherton, S.J., Joyce, C.B., Berg, M.J. and ‘less stable’.] Awcock, G.J. 2019. Immediate and lag *Badu-Apraku, B., Talabi, A.O., Fakorede, effects of hydrological change on floodplain M.A.B., Fasanmade, Y., Gedil, M., grassland plants. Plant Ecology 220(3): 345- Magorokosho, C. and Asiedu, R. 2019. Yield 359. [Showing that Rhinanthus minor was gains and associated changes in an early soon lost under wetter conditions.] yellow bi-parental maize population Burgess, T.I., Howard, K., Steel, E. and Barbour, following genomic selection for Striga E.L. 2018. To prune or not to prune; pruning resistance and drought tolerance. BMC Plant induced decay in tropical sandalwood. Forest Biology.19(129): 05 April 2019. Ecology and Management 430: 204-218. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12 [Identifying a wide range of rot fungi in 870-019-1740-z) [‘This study demonstrated heartwood of Santalum album, and that genomic selection was effective for yield recommending pruning when trees are young, improvement in the bi-parental maize preferably at the beginning of the dry season, population under Striga-infested to decrease the amount of potential decay.] environments and resulted in concomitant Caballo, C., Castro, P., Gil, J., Izquierdo, I., yield gains under optimal environments. Millan, T. and Rubio, J. 2018. STMS However, due to low genetic variability of (sequence tagged microsatellite site) most traits in the population, progress from molecular markers as a valuable tool to further genomic selection could only be confirm controlled crosses in chickpea (Cicer guaranteed if new sources of genes for Striga arietinum L.) breeding programs. Euphytica resistance and drought tolerance are 214(12): 231. [The technique is being used in introgressed into the population.] HAUSTORIUM 76 24

the search for various disease resistance and accumulates santalenes and bisabolene. for resistance to Orobanche foetida.] Molecules 24(6): 1111. [Callus of Santalum Calderón-González, A., Pouilly, N., Muños, S., album was co-cultured with fungi C. Grand, X., Coque, M, Velasco, L and Pérez- gloeosporioides. Analysis of the solvent Vich, B. 2019. An SSR-SNP linkage map of extract showed the presence of santalenes and the parasitic weed Orobanche cumana Wallr. bisabolene, precursors of santalol. Another including a gene for plant pigmentation. fungus, Penidiella kurandae, did not induce Frontiers in Plants Science 19 June, 2019: santalenes or bisabolene. This study provides (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00797) an opportunity to further studies on the Chabra, A., Monadi, T., Azadbakht, M. and santanol biosynthetic pathway and the fungal Haerizadeh, S.I. 2019. Ethnopharmacology of endophyte-plant interaction in sandalwood.] Cuscuta epithymum: a comprehensive review Chen Jie, Liu XueFeng, Jia HanQi and Zhu on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, WenBo. 2018. First report of leaf-spot pharmacology and toxicity. Journal of disease caused by Sphaeropsis visci on Asian Ethnopharmacology 231: 555-569. [A wide- mistletoe [Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai] ranging review covering the traditional uses in China. Journal of Forestry Research 29(6): of C. epithymum by rural people as a geriatric 1769-1774. drug, detergent, purgative, treatment for Chen ZhuLin, Wang XueFeng and Sun melancholic humor, joint, kidney, urinary HanZhong. 2019. (Diagnosis of total tract, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, phosphorus content in young sandalwood etc. In modern medicine, the extract shows based on visible light and near infrared anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anticonvulsant, images.) (in Chinese) Journal of Beijing anti-urease, immune stimulatory, Forestry University 41(2): 88-96. [Describing hepatoprotective effect, and antioxidant techniques for diagnosis of total P in young activity.] sandalwood (Santalum album?) helping Chao ChienLiang, Huang HsinWen, Huang optimise the use of P fertilizer and avoiding HuiChi, Chao HsinFan, Yu ShuenWen, Su the ecological problems such as groundwater MuhHwan, Wang ChaoJih and Lin pollution caused by excessive fertilization.] HangChing. 2019. Inhibition of amyloid beta Chikoye, D., Ekeleme, F., Hauser, S., Menkir, aggregation and deposition of Cistanche A., Kamara, A.Y., Neuenschwander, P., tubulosa aqueous extract. Molecules 24(4): Ajuonu, O. and Ajeigbe, H.A. 2019. Weeds 687. affecting field crops and water bodies in Chávez-Salcedo, L.F., Queijeiro-Bolaños, M.E., Africa. In: Neuenschwander, P. and Tamò, López-Gómez, V., Cano-Santana, Z., Mejía- M. (eds) Critical issues in plant health: 50 Recamier, B.E. and Mojica-Guzmán, A. years of research in African agriculture: 365- 2018. Contrasting arthropod communities 396. [This IITA publication includes a associated with dwarf mistletoes section on Striga hermonthica in maize Arceuthobium globosum and A. vaginatum describing the available methods of control; and their host Pinus hartwegii. Journal of rotation with legumes including soyabean Forestry Research 29(5): 1351-1364. and cowpea; application of inorganic and [Species richness, abundance and diversity in organic nitrogen; resistant and tolerant Central Mexico were significantly different varieties; herbicide-treated seed of herbicide- for the three studied plants, as well as resistant maize varieties. Some integration of sampling month and the interaction of these different methods has proved successful but two factors (except for diversity). The results the overall conclusion is that the problem is suggest that the canopy of P. hartwegii is an far from solved. Adoption and integration of important element in the ecosystem, available methods is often limited by providing a mosaic of resources and biophysical and socio-economic factors and conditions to the associated fauna. It is also there is a pressing need for further research.] proposed that mistletoes are key species Chitura, T., Muvhali, P.T., Shai, K., Mushonga, within the forest canopy, as they greatly B. and Kandiwa, E. 2018. Use of medicinal influence the establishment of diverse plants by livestock farmers in a local organisms, particularly arthropods.] municipality in Vhembe District, South Cheng QingWei and 12 others. 2010. Callus of Africa. Applied Ecology and Environmental East Indian sandalwood co-cultured with Research 16(5): 6589-6605. [Noting the use fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of Ximenia americana for treating wounds.] HAUSTORIUM 76 25

Čiča, K.H. and 7 others. 2019. Characterisation Tripodanthus acutifolius in of flavour compounds in Biska - a herbal hypercholesterolemic Wistar spirit produced with mistletoe. Journal of the rats.Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 97: Institute of Brewing 125(1): 143-154. 300-309. [Regarding oxidative damage to [Detecting 166 aromatic compounds in the biomolecules, T. acutiformis showed a spirit distilled from Viscum album known as protective effect on lipids , proteins and ’Biska’ in Croatia. Major components were DNA. Histological analysis of the aortic ethyl esters (medium and long chain fatty artery showed that treatment was able to acids), fatty alcohols , isopropyl myristate, decrease aortic vasculature. Hence, T. aldehyde decanal and some terpenes.] acutiformis is rich in antioxidant compounds Cirocco, R.M., Facelli, J.M. and Watling, J.R. and may be an alternative for the treatment of 2018. A native parasitic plant affects the hypercholesterolemia.] performance of an introduced host regardless Cui JinLong, Gong Yi, Vinod Vijayakumar, of environmental variation across field sites. Zhang Gang, Wang MengLiang, Wang Functional Plant Biology 45(11): 1128-1137. JunHong and Xue XiaoZan. 2019. [Results suggest that the native Cassytha Correlation in chemical metabolome and pubescens has negative effects on Ulex endophytic mycobiome in Cynomorium europaeus in the field in Australia.] songaricum from different desert locations in Clements, D.R., Day, M.D., Oeggerli, V., Shen, China. Journal of Agricultural and Food S.C., Weston, L.A., Xu, G.F., Zhang, F.D. Chemistry 67(13): 3554-3564. [Concluding and Zhu, X. 2019. Site-specific management that endophytic fungi may influence the is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha. production of metabolites involved in the Weed Research 59(3): 155-169. [Including effectiveness of C. songaricum as a reference to the use of Cuscuta campestris traditional medcine.] for biological control but cautioning against Cui XiangDan, He Xin, Zhu JieBo, Liu LiYuan, the risk of damage to non-target species.] Quan JiShu and Yin XueZhe. 2018. *Clermont K., Yaxin Wang, Siming Liu, (Inhibition of Boschniakia rossica Zhenzhen Yang , dePamphilis, C.W., polysaccharides on oxidative stress-induced Yoder,J.I. Collakova, E. Westwood, J.H. apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.) (in 2019. Comparative metabolomics of early Chinese) Shipin Kexue / Food Science 39(9): development of the parasitic plants 127-133. [Polysaccharides from B. rossica Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Triphysaria had an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress- versicolor. Metabolites 2019(9): induced apoptosis in human vascular (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3120 endothelial cells in vitro, likely through 0467) [A study of amino acid and central inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and death carbon metabolites in two parasite species receptor pathways.] and their hosts over the course of early De Novais, L.M.R. and 12 others. 2019. 4′- development from seedlings through host- hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-3- attached parasites. P. aegyptiaca and T. methoxyflavone: a novel flavonoid from versicolor differ substantially from each Dulacia egleri with potential inhibitory other, likely reflecting different host activity against cathepsins B and L. dependencies.] Fitoterapia 132: 26-29. [This flavonoid found Cochavi, A., Ephrath, J., Eizenberg, H. and to inhibit activity of cathepsins, involved in Rachmilevitch, S. 2018. Phelipanche some types pf cancer.] aegyptiaca parasitism impairs salinity DeSiervo, M.H., Jules, E.S., Bost, D.S., de tolerance in young leaves of tomato. Stigter, E.L. and Butz, R.J. 2018. Patterns Physiologia Plantarum 164(2): 191-203. and drivers of recent tree mortality in diverse [Concluding that P. aegyptiaca parasitism conifer forests of the Klamath Mountains, reduced the salt tolerance of tomato plants by California. Forest Science 64(4): 371-382. promoting the accumulation of salts from the *Ding JiaJi, Gu CaiMei, Huang LinFang and Tan rhizosphere and impairing the host's osmotic Rui. 2018. Discrimination and geographical adjustment ability.] origin prediction of Cynomorium songaricum Coelho, R.P., Feksa, D.L., Oliveira, P.M., Rupr. from different growing areas in China Güllich, A.A.daC., Pilar, B.C., Piccoli, by an electronic tongue. Journal of Analytical J.daC.E. and Manfredini, V. 2018. Protective Methods in Chemistry 2018: ID 5894082. effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jamc/201 HAUSTORIUM 76 26

8/5894082/) [Confirming the effectiveness of Sciences and Environmental Management an ‘electronic tongue’ for discriminating 23(2): 305-308. [Several species of the genus between popualtions of C, songaricum from Tapinanthus have folkloric use by Hausa and different parts of the country.] Fulani tribes of Northern Nigeria as a Dieni, Z., Tignegre, J.B.delaS., Tongoona, P., remedy for numerous human and animal Dzidzienyo, D., Asante, I.K. and Ofori, K. ailments including stomach ache, diarrhea, 2018. Identification of sources of resistance dysentery, wounds and swellings. to Alectra vogelii in cowpea [Vigna Preliminary analyses showed presence of unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm from flavonoids, steroids and terpenes, and activity Burkina Faso. Euphytica 214(12): 234. against a range of common pathogenic [Among 20 cowpea varieties identified as bacteria.] resistant to S. vogelii, Komcalle, IT99K- Eom, J. and 9 others. 2018. Pleurodesis using 573-2-1 and IT98K-205-8 are improved mistletoe extract delivered via a spray and farmers' adopted varieties and are catheter during semirigid pleuroscopy for thus recommended for farmer use.] managing symptomatic malignant pleural *Drozdoff, L., Klein, E., Kiechle, M. and effusion. Respiration 95(3): 177-181. Paepke, D. 2018. Use of biologically-based [Pleurodesis with mistletoe (Viscum album) complementary medicine in breast and extract delivered via a spray catheter during gynecological cancer patients during semirigid pleuroscopy is a safe and effective systemic therapy. BMC Complementary and procedure for managing symptomatic Alternative Medicine 18: No.259. malignant pleural effusion.] (https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedce Fadini, R.F., Fischer, E., Castro, S.J., Araujo, ntral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12906-018- A.C., Ornelas, J.F. and de Souza, P.R. 2018. 2325-3) [Among 448 patients with breast or Bat and bee pollination in Psittacanthus ovarian cancer in a clinic in Germany, 25% mistletoes, a genus regarded as exclusively chose to have supplementary treatment with hummingbird-pollinated. Ecology 99(5): preparations of Viscum album.] 1239-1241. [P. acinarius and P. *Du KunZe, Li Jin, Guo XinRong, Li YuHong eucalyptifolius found to be bat (Glossophaga and Chang YanXu. 2018. Quantitative soricina and Phyllostomus discolor)-, and bee analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in (Centris and Neoxylocopa spp.)-pollinated, Cuscuta chinensis Lam. by synchronous respectively, in Brazil.] ultrasonic-assisted extraction with response Fantaye Belay and Kasa Meles. 2019. Variety × surface methodology. Journal of Analytical nitrogen fertilizer interaction on striga Methods in Chemistry 2018: ID 6796720. control, yield and yield related attributes of (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jamc/201 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] 8/6796720/) [Describing an elaborate under striga infestation conditions of technique for quantifying the different Abergelle district, Northern Ethiopia. potential active compounds in extracts of C. International Journal of Life Sciences chinensis.] (Amravati) 7(1) 11-20. [Early, Striga- *Dvorakova, M., Hylova, A., Soudek, P., resistant sorghum variety Gobye gave highest Petrova, S., Spichal, L. and Vanek, T. 2019. yield of 1743 kg/ha while another, Abshir Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent gave lower yields.] selective germinators of parasitic plant Fatima, T., Srivastava, A., Hanur, V.S., Phelipanche ramosa. Pest Management Somashekar, P.V. and Rao, M.S. 2019. Science 75(7): 2049-2056. Genetic diversity estimates of Santalum (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1 album L. through microsatellite markers: 002/ps.5330) [Reporting the synthesis of implications on conservation. American triazolide strigolactone mimics which Journal of Plant Sciences 10(3): 462-485. stimulate germination of P. aegyptiaca at 5 X [Genetic diversity within and among 14 10-10 M, but do not stimulate that of Striga populations of sandalwood from three states hermonthica even at 1 X 10 -5 M.] was determined. 97% of the variation was Emaikwu, V., Ndukwe, I.G., Iyun, O.R.A. and within population and clustering methods Anyam, J.V. 2019. Preliminary gave three groups with admixtures of alleles phytochemical and antimicrobial activity from different states. It is suggested that screening of crude extracts of bird lime populations with high genetic diversity be (Tapinanthus globiferus). Journal of Applied HAUSTORIUM 76 27

conserved to counter genetic erosion owing increased relatedness that might compromise to harvesting.] its long-term viability.] Felenda, J.E., Turek, C. and Stintzing, F.C. 2019. Francisco‐Gutiérrez, A., Cházaro‐Basáñez, M., Antiproliferative potential from aqueous Espejo‐Serna, A., García‐Franco, J., Viscum album L. preparations and their main Torres‐Cantú, G. 2019. Aphyllon castilloi sp. constituents in comparison with ricin and nov. (Orobanchaceae) from Veracruz, purothionin on human cancer cells. Journal of Mexico. Nordic Journal of Botany 37(4): 1-8. Ethnopharmacology 236: 100-107. [Phenolic [The new species inhabits a restricted area of compounds found in all ‘Iscucin’ (V. album) tropical semi-deciduous forest (unlike others preparations may contribute to the cytotoxic in the genus which are from sandy deserts), activity of the component ML-1 by parasitising Simsis foetida.] antioxidative action. However, further studies *Francisco Ornelas, J., Licona-Vera, Y. and are necessary to evaluate the role of another Vásquez-Aguilar, A.A. 2018. Genetic component, VT-A, and possible synergistic differentiation and fragmentation in response actions to the antiproliferative effect of to climate change of the narrow endemic aqueous V. album extracts.] Psittacanthus auriculatus. Tropical Feng BingWei, Song YongGui, Xu Conservation Science 11: 1-15. QiongMing, Xu PengFei, Zeng Qiang, Shan (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.117 BaiXi , Liu KuangYi and Su Dan. 2018. 7/1940082918755513) [Chloroplast DNA Simultaneous determination of savaside A, sequences were used to examine the acteoside, and isoacteoside in rat plasma by phylogeographic patterns of this mistletoe in UHPLC-MS/MS: comparative Oaxaca and conducted ecological niche pharmacokinetic and bioavailability modeling The species occurs in northern and characteristics of Monochasma savatieri via southern groups that are genetically different routes of administration. Journal of differentiated, consistent with a model of Separation Science 41(24): 4408-4418. range contraction during glacial cycles and [Comparing different methods of extraction expansion during interglacials. No range and application of M. savatieri changes were predicted under future (Orobanchaceae) as a traditional medicine in scenarios of climate change.] China.] Fujioka1, H., Samejima1, H., Suzuki, H., Fjordheim, K., Moen, A., Hjelle, K., Bjune, A.E. Mizutani1, M., Okamoto, M., and and Birks, H.H. 2018. Modern pollen- Sugimoto, Y. 2019. Aberrant protein vegetation relationships in traditionally phosphatase 2C leads to abscisic acid mown and unmanaged boreal rich-fen insensitivity and high transpiration in communities in central Norway. Review of parasitic Striga. Nature Plants 5: 258–262. Palaeobotany and Palynology 251: 14-27. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477- [Proposing that the presence of ‘Pedicularis- 019-0362-7) [Identifying protein type’ pollen suggests that the site had been phosphatase ShPP2C1 as being subject to mowing in the past.] responsible for the lack of response of Fontúrbel, F.E., Bruford, M.W., Salazar, D.A., Striga to ABA, making it continue to Cortés-Miranda, J. and Vega-Retter, C. 2019. transpire under drought conditions and The hidden costs of living in a transformed so continue to draw nutrients from the habitat: ecological and evolutionary host.] consequences in a tripartite mutualistic Furlan, C.M., Anselmo-Moreira, F., Teixeira- system with a keystone mistletoe. Science of Costa, L., Ceccantini, G. and Salminen, J.P. the Total Environment 651(2): 2740-2748. 2019. Does Phoradendron perrottetii [Studying the variability in the mistletoe (mistletoe) alter polyphenols levels of Tristerix corymbosus, its pollinator Tapirira guianensis (host plant)? Plant (Sephanoides sephaniodes) and its seed Physiology and Biochemistry 136: 222-229. disperser (Dromiciops gliroides) in a [The authors suggest that the parasite alters ‘transformed habitat’ and finding that the the biochemistry of the host by altering mistletoe may be resilient but its highly tannin chemistry, as reported in several other specialized interactions along with changes in host-parasite studies] its spatial configuration depict a more Gao FangLei, Che XiuXia, Yu FeiHai and Li complex scenario, which probably impose a JunMin. 2019. Cascading effects of nitrogen, cost in terms of lower genetic diversity and rhizobia and parasitism via a host plant. Flora HAUSTORIUM 76 28

(Jena) 251: 62-67. [‘Interestingly, both reductions of timber volume and height rhizobium inoculation and N addition respectively in P. cooperi.] significantly increased biomass of C. Gulwaiz Akhter, Khan, T.A. and Aiman Zafar. australis, and both parasitism by C. australis 2018. First report of Orobanche cernua and N addition significantly reduced biomass parasitism on Allium cepa in Banda district of of rhizobia. Therefore, parasitic plants can Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Crop benefit from rhizobia and N addition via Improvement 32(5): 681-689. improved host (soyabean) growth. Rhizobia Guo YuanHeng, Cao LiLi, Zhao Bing, Zhao suffer from parasitic plants by competing QingSheng, Huang YuanRong and Xiao with them for photosynthetic carbon from the ChuanMing. 2018. Hepatoprotective effect of host, and from high N supply likely because phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche high N reduces their affinity for symbiotic deserticola against chronic hepatic injury partnerships with the host. Our results induced by alcohol. Shipin Kexue / Food highlight the complex cascading effects of Science 39(13): 176-183. [Results indicate biotic and abiotic interactions via host that the glycosides from . C. deserticola plants.] possess hepatoprotective properties against Göl, Ç., Serdar, B., Öztürk, M., Coșkuner, K.A. chronic alcohol-induced liver injury, the and Bİlgİlİ, E. 2018. (The effect of pine mechanisms involving the modulation of mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. related enzyme (including superoxide austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman) on wood dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).) glutathione peroxidase) activities and the (in Turkish) Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve reduction of lipid peroxidation products such Teknoloji Dergisi / Duzce University Journal as malondialdehyde.] of Science & Technology 6(4): 1354-1363. Hagos Kidane and Tsehaye Brhane. 2018. [Certain parameters of the wood structure of Improving faba bean production of P. sylvestris were found to be reduced by up smallholder farmers' through on-farm to 80% by V. album.] popularization of Orobanche crenata tolerant *Gonzalez, A.M., Sato, H.A. and Marazzi, B. variety in southern Tigray, north Ethiopia. 2019. Embryology in Helosis cayennensis International Journal of Agriculture and (Balanophoraceae): structure of female Biosciences 7(4): 229-235. [Commenting that flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo. Plants the relatively newly-introduced O. crenata is 8(3): pp.74. (https://www.mdpi.com/2223- now ‘the main constraint of faba bean 7747/8/3/74/htm) Gonzalez, A.M., Sato, production in the highland areas of southern H.A. and Marazzi, B. 2019. Embryology in Tigray, and can cause up to 100% yield loss.’ Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae): Trials over two seasons, with the tolerant structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm variety ‘Hashenge’ (previously known as and embryo. Plants 8(3): pp.74. [Light and ILB4358) gave substantially higher yields scanning electron microscopy was used to than local varieties and was favoured by a study female inflorescences and flowers. The large majority of farmers on most of its female gametophyte named the Helosis-type characteristics, other than being late maturing is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided and not having good flavour in the local ‘wat’ with a typical egg apparatus and a uni- dishes.] nucleated central cell.] *Heidari, M. and Bayat, M. 2018. (Investigating *González-Elizondo, M., Flores-Villegas, M.Y., the oak trees with diffent dimensions Álvarez-Zagoya, R., González-Elizondo, contaminated by Loranthus europaeus in the M.S., Márquez-Linares, M.A., Quiñonez- middle Zagros (case study: Gilan-e Gharb, Barraza, S., Howell, B.E. and Mathiasen, Kermanshah).) (in Persian) Iranian Journal of R.L. 2019. Effects of Mexican dwarf Forest and Range Protection Research 16(1): mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. Pe35-Pe46. vaginatum) on the growth of Pinus cooperi in (http://ijfrpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_117131_f4416 Durango, Mexico - a case study. Forest 8dc4c11c620ebd255900a1ed942.pdf) [A Pathology 49(1): e12473. survey of 9 tree species, dominated by (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ Quercus brantii, concluding that the level of efp.12473) [Moderate to severe infestation by infection by L. europaeus was closely A. vaginatum caused 50% and 17% correlated with tree size.] HAUSTORIUM 76 29

Hemmati, R. and Gholizadeh, R. 2019. [C. campestris well controlled by Talaromyces trachyspermus a potential propyzamide with beneficial effects on sugar biocontrol agent for branched broom rape beet yield (in Iran).] (Orobanche ramosa). Australasian Plant Huish, R. and Klopf, R. 2018. Environmental Pathology 48(3): 217-219. [Results suggest correlates to population structure and health that T. trachyspermus (Trichocomaceae) has of the rare piratebush (Buckleya potential for safe biocontrol of O. ramosa in distichophylla) within Poor Mountain Natural Iran.] Area Preserve, Virginia. Natural Areas Herawan, T. and Putri, A.I. 2018. (Influence of Journal 38(2): 148-153. [Concluding that arbuscular mycorrhiza and Portulaca sp. host successful sexual reproduction within this to acclimatization of cendana (Santalum piratebush population may be rare, and album L.) plantlets.) (in Indonesian) Jurnal establishing a detailed baseline assessment of Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 12(2): 157-165. the largest extant piratebush population, [Showing that mycorrhiza are important to enabling future study of factors relevant to prevent mortality of S. album plantlets on P. the long-term viability of this species.] oleracea.] *Imerovski, I., Dedić, B., Cvejić, S., Heriyanto, N.M., Samsoedin, I. and Bismark, M. Miladinović, D., Jocić, S., Owens, G.L., 2019. (Biodiversity flora and fauna in the Tubić, N.K. and Rieseberg, L.H. 2019. BSA- region forest Bukit Datuk Dumai Riau seq mapping reveals major QTL for Province.) (in Indonesian) Jurnal Sylva broomrape resistance in four sunflower lines. Lestari 7(1): 82-94. [Forest in the Riau Molecular Breeding 39(March 2019): 41. Province of Indonesia dominated by three tall (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2 species including Ochanostachys amentacea Fs11032-019-0948-9) [Four F3 families of (Olacaceae).] sunflower from Serbia, Spain, Romania and Hódar, J.A., Lázaro-González, A. ad Zamora, R. Romania were phenotyped for resistance to 2018. Beneath the mistletoe: parasitized trees Orobanche cumana race G. Resistance was host a more diverse herbaceous vegetation polygenic and numerous QTLs were and are more visited by rabbits. Annals of identified, including a new QTL or3.2 on Forest Science 75(3): 77. [A study in SE chromosome 3 which was found to be Spain, concluding that parasitism by Viscum consistently associated with resistance to album, by creating patches of greater nutrient race G.] availability under the host canopy, extends Inusa, A., Sanusi, S.B., Linatoc, A.C., its effects beyond the host tree to other Mainassara, M.M. and Ibrahim, M.A. 2018. members of the forest community, which in Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of turn contributes to environmental mistletoe (Agelanthus dodoniesfolius (DC)) heterogeneity with their activity.] collected from shea butter tree (Vitelleria Honsa, Z.L., Mashtoubabc, S., Howarthabd, paradoxa). Science World Journal 13(3): 33- G.S., Honsab, L.C.C., Simsone, L., Cheahbf, 36. [Confirming that Agelanthus K.Y. and Bastianf, S.E.P. 2018. Comparative dodoneifolius which has been used ethno- effects of mistletoe extracts in combination botanically in Northern Nigeria for the with 5-Fluorouracil on viability of IEC-6 and treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, and stomach Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Australian ache, has anti-bacterial activity agains Journal of Herbal and Naturopathic Medicine Staphlococcus aureus.] 30(4): 174-179. [Extracts of Viscum album Jahani-Azizabadi, H., Durmic, Z., Vadhanabhuti, from three different hosts were compared. J. and Vercoe, P.E. 2019. Effect of some Those from Fraxinus were most potent in Australian native shrubs essential oils on in reducing colon cancer cell viability. Those vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high- from Malus were least effective and those concentrate diet. Journal of Animal and Plant from Quercus were intermediate. Some Sciences 29(1): 8-15. [Among 8 oils tested, activation was apparent in combination with only Santalum spicatum treatment reduced 5-fluoracil.] methane (50% reduction) and ammonia-N Hoseyni, S.M., Najafi, H., Sani, B. and Mozafari, (59% reduction) without serious effect on H. 2018. Role of new herbicides in dodder overall fermentation.] (Cuscuta campestris) control in sugar beet *Jamil, M. and 13 others including Al-Babili, (Beta vulgaris) fields. Applied Ecology and S. 2019. Methylation at the C-3′ in D-ring Environmental Research 16(4): 5117-5125. of strigolactone analogs reduces biological HAUSTORIUM 76 30

activity in root parasitic plants and rice. Keskİn, D. and Ceyhan-Guvensen, N. 2018. Frontiers in Plant Science 2 April 2019. Determination of bioactive components and (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.33 antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts 89/fpls.2019.00353/full) [Describing the of mistletoe leaves (Viscum album L. subsp. greatly increased activity of previously album L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin published strigolactone analogues, AR8 27(12): 7991-7996. [Ethanol, methanol, and AR36 after de-methylation, yielding hexane, chloroform, isopropanol and water MP13 and MP26 respectively which extracts of leaves of V. album were showed enhanced promise as triggers for compared for their antimicrobial activity suicidal germination of Striga against 11 bacteria and one yeast. The hermonthica.] methanolic extract was the most effective Jia Dan, Xu Shuo, Sun Jie, Zhang ChuanBo, Li against Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus DasHuai and Lu WenYu. 2019. Yarrowia subtilis.] lipolytica construction for heterologous *Kim EunSun, Zaya, D.N., Fant, J.B. and synthesis of α-santalene and fermentation Ashley, M.V. 2019. Reproductive trade-offs optimization. Applied Microbiology and maintain bract color polymorphism in scarlet Biotechnology 103(8): 3511-3520. Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea). PLoS [Describing the synthesis of ɑ-santalene by ONE 14(1): e0209176. Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=1 which has been metabolically engineered to 0.1371/journal.pone.0209176) [Results produce valuable compounds such as indicate that the red-bract form has higher terpenoids and biofuel.] seed set when cross-pollinated, but the Jiao LiChao, He Tuo, Dormontt, E.E., Zhang yellow-bract form has higher seed set when YongGang, Lowe, A.J. and Yin YaFang. not self-pollinated. Such reproductive 2019. Applicability of chloroplast DNA assurance, which would be important for barcodes for wood identification between fluctuations in pollinator abundance or Santalum album and its adulterants. colonizing new areas, may act as a selective Holzforschung 73(2): 209-218. [Reporting agent to maintain such polymorphisms.] the refinement of a DNA bar-coding Kim YoungHoon, Kim InBo, Park ChoonHo and technique for reliable identification of Kim JongBae. 2018. Korean mistletoe lectin Santalum album, S. acuminatum, S. enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity via lanceolatum, S. murrayanum and S. upregulation of perforin expression. Asian spicatum.] Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology Jimoh, O.A., Ihejirika, U.G., Balogun, A.S. and 36(3):175-183. [Demonstrating that the Uwaeziozi, U.C. 2018. Antioxidative effect signal transduction controlling NK of mistletoe leaf meal supplemented diets in lymphocyte cytotoxicity was mediated by laying pullets. Archivos de Zootecnia upregulation of the NKG2D receptor and 67(260): 526-530. [Another paper referring to expression of a cytotoxic effector molecule. ‘Viscum album’ in Nigeria.] These results suggested that lectin from Justine, V.T., Muskhazli Mustafa and Go, R. Viscum album coloratum possessed 2018. Effect of antimicrobial activities on the immunological activity, mediated by NK cell various solvents extracts of leaves of activation.] Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser Klutsch, J.G. and Erbilgin, N. 2018. Dwarf (Loranthaceae). Pertanika Journal of Tropical mistletoe infection in jack pine alters growth- Agricultural Science 41(2): 677-686. defense relationships. Tree Physiology *Kaitera, J., Kauppila, T. and Hantula, J. 2018. 38(10):1538-1547. [Studying the defence New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: reactions of Pinus banksiana to infection by Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Archeuthobium americanum shows the long Papaver. Forest Pathology48(6): e12466. term affect on phloem resistance and radial (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1439 growth. Resource allocation by the host is 0329) [Cronartium spp. (C. flaccidum and C. long lasting and will affect later infections.] ribicola) responsible for blister rusts in Pinus *Koenig, W.D., Knops, J.M.H.,Carmen, W.J., spp. were found to sporulate variously on Pesendorfer, M.B. and Dickinson, J.L. 2018. Melampyrum sylvaticum, Odontites verna, Effects of mistletoe (Phoradendron villosum) Rhinanthus minor, R. serotinus and on California oaks. Biology Letters 14(6): Euphrasia stricta.] 20180240. HAUSTORIUM 76 31

(https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10 Leucaena was compared to those from 7 .1098/rsbl.2018.0240) [Coming to the other legumes, 8 diverse angiosperms, and slightly surprising conclusion that there were Lophophytum mirabile (Balanophoraceae). It no detrimental effects of Phoradendron was previously shown (Sanchez-Puerta et al. villosum on Quercus douglasii, Quercus 2017) that for the latter, 80% of its protein kelloggii or Quercus lobata. This species coding genes are derived from its legume therefore resembles an epiphyte more than a host through horizontal gene transfer.] parasite - and provides important ecosystem Krishnakumar, N. and Parthiban, K.T. 2018. services.] Comparison of phytochemical constituents of Kong ZweLing, Johnson, A., Ko FanChi, He the identified sandalwood (Santalum album JiaLing and Cheng ShuChunL. 2018. Effect L.) genetic resources in India. Journal of of Cistanche tubulosa extracts on male Essential Oil-Bearing Plants 21(3): 658-666. reproductive function in streptozotocin- [Forty-five constituents of the oil from S. nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Nutrients album were identified, ɑ and β-santalol being 10(10): 1562. [The presence of echinacoside the most important for quality. Identifying in extracts of C. tubulosa is known to the regions of India with the highest santalol improve memory and sexual ability, reduce content.] impotence, and minimize constipation.This *Krupp, A., Heller, A. and Spring, H. 2019. study confirmed that it also has antioxidant, Development of phloem connection between anti-inflammatory, and steroidogenesis the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana and its effects.] host sunflower. Protoplasma 13 pp. *Kountche, B.A., Jamil, M., Yonli, D., (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00 Nikiema, M.P., Blanco-Ania, D., Asami, T., 709-019-01393-z) [Describing the Zwanenburg, B. and Al-Babili, S. 2019. ultrastructure of the phloem elements, very Suicidal germination as a control strategy intermixed in the haustorium, but the sieve- for Striga hermonthica (Benth.) in element plastids of the O. cumana were smallholder farms of sub‐Saharan Africa. larger, often irregular in shape and contained People, Plants, Planet 1(2): 107-118. few, small starch inclusions, while those o (https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10 the host were significantly smaller, always .1002/ppp3.32) [Pot and field experiments, roundish with more and larger starch conducted with the stimulants, Nijmegen- inclusions. This made it possible to trace the 1, GR24, MP1 and MP2 gave varying exact contact site of host and parasite sieve results, affected by soil type and crop elements to show a direct symplastic phloem (sorghum or millet). But up to 60% connection between the two species. Also reduction in emergence of S. hermonthica showing that undifferentiated cells of the was achieved in best conditions. MP1 gave parasite could connect to fully differentiated the best results. Overall they confirm that sieve elements of the host.] the technique is worth further Kubícek, J., Špinlerová, Z., Michalko, R., Vrška, development.] T. and Matula, R. 2018. Temporal dynamics Koval, L.V., Horshkova, L.M., Kuzmenko, L.O, and size effects of mistletoe (Loranthus Mehem, O.M., Burchak, L.V.and Polyakova, europaeus Jacq.) infection in an oak forest. A.S. 2018. (Sozological peculiarities of the Austrian Journal of Forest flora of the Desna Plateau (Ukraine).) (in Science/Centralblatt für das gesamte Ukrainian) Biosystems Diversity 26(1): 37- Forstwesen 135(2): [Studying the 45. [A survey concluded there were 85 rare development of L. europaeus on Quercus species threatened by anthropogenic impact petraea with time and the size of the host in included Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum the Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic, (near its northern limit) and P. kaufmannii.] concluding that the rate of infestation was *Kovar, L. and 12 others. 2018. PacBio-based rapid in young trees and declined with host mitochondrial genome assembly of Leucaena age.] trichandra (Leguminosae) and an *Kusuma, Y.W.C., Noerwana, O. and Isagi, Y. intrageneric assessment of mitochondrial 2018. New evidence for flower predation on RNA editing. Genome Biology and Evolution three parasitic Rafflesia species from Java. 10(9): 2501-2517. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 6 pp. ( (https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/10/9/2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177 501/5076815) [The mitochondrial genome of /1940082918796011) [Finding that that two HAUSTORIUM 76 32

small mammals predated a flower bud of R. ndh genes, ribosomal protein genes, tRNA patma in West Java, Indonesia, one of which genes, ycf genes, and the infA gene.] has not previously been identified as a predator of Rafflesia flowers. Also detected Libiaková, D., Ruyter-Spira, C., Bouwmeester, was a wasp infection in R. rochussenii and H.J. and Matusova, R. 2018. Agrobacterium predation by another animal on R. rhizogenes transformed calli of the zollingeriana. Overall, flower bud predation holoparasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa by animals damaged up to 10% of the maintain parasitic competence. Plant Cell, surveyed flowers.] Tissue and Organ Culture 135(2): 321-329. Lans, C. 2019. Do recent research studies *Lichota, A. and Gwozdzinski, K. 2018. validate the medicinal plants used in British Anticancer activity of natural compounds Columbia, Canada for pet diseases and wild from plant and marine environment. animals taken into temporary care? Journal of International Journal of Molecular Sciences Ethnopharmacology 236: 366-392. [Viscum 19(11): 3533. [Including a section on Viscum album among plants used to treat heart album.] problems in pets.] Lim SeoNung, Lee WonWoo, Lee DooSuk;,Nam Lázaro-González, A., Hódar, J.A. and Zamora, InJeong, Yun NaYoung, Jeong YoonSeon, R. 2019. Mistletoe versus host pine: does Rho TaeWoong and Kim SunYoung. 2018. increased parasite load alter the host chemical Botanical formulation HX109 ameliorates profile? Journal of Chemical Ecology 45(1): TP-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rat 95-105. [Assessing needles of Pinus nigra model and inhibits androgen receptor subsp. salzmannii for changes induced by signaling by upregulating Ca2+/CaMKKβ and infection with Viscum album ssp. austriacum ATF3 in LNCaP cells. Nutrients 10(12): and finding the content of monoterpenes to 1946. [Confirming promising effects of a increase with level of parasitism while mixture of Cuscuta australis, Taraxacum content of N decreased. These changes officinale and Nelumbo nucifera in treatment corresponded with the effects of other of BPH.] stresses. Low levels induced reactions *Li, Ying, Zhou Jian-guo, Chen Xin-lian, Cui resembling those against drought while Ying-xian, Xu Zhi-chao, Li Yong-hua, Song medium and high parasitism elicited Jing-yuan, Duan Bao-zhong and Yao Hui. responses comparable to those against 2017. Gene losses and partial deletion of burning and defoliation.] small single-copy regions of the chloroplast Li MengJiao, Chen Qing, Li Ting, Ye WanHui genomes of two hemiparasitic Taxillus and Shen Hao. 2018. (Influence of parasitic species. Scientific Reports 7, 12834. plant Cuscuta campestris on leaf chlorophyll (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- fluorescence parameters of five mangrove 017-13401-4) [The complete chloroplast species.) (in Chinese) Guangxi Zhiwu / genomes of two Taxillus species, T. Guihaia 38(10): 1261-1266. [Confirming that chinensis and T. sutchuenensis, are reported C. campestris was unable to establish on (first for Loranthaceae) that are 121-122 kb mangrove species (Acanthus ilicifolius, in size, smaller than relatives owing to the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel) loss of all ndh genes, ribosomal protein or on associated species Cerbera manghas genes, tRNA genes, ycf genes, and the infA and Heritiera littoralis. Hence it was safe to gene.] use C. campestris to control Mikania *Lin MingKuem, Lee MengShiou, Huang micrantha (in China).] HuiChi, Cheng TunJen, Cheng YihDih and , Chen Xin-lian, Cui Ying-xian, Xu Zhi-chao, Li Wu ChiRei. 2018. Cuscuta chinensis and C. Yong-hua, Song Jing-yuan, Duan Bao-zhong, campestris attenuate scopolamine-induced Yao Hui. 2017. Gene losses and partial memory deficit and oxidative damage in deletion of small single-copy regions of the mice. Molecules 23(12): 3060. chloroplast genomes of two hemiparasitic (https://www.mdpi.com/1420- Taxillus species. Scientific Reports 7, 12834. 3049/23/12/3060/htm) [Demonstrating that [The complete chloroplast genomes of two that both Cuscuta species exhibited a Taxillus species are reported (first for protective activity against SCOP-induced Loranthaceae) that are 121-122 kb in size, memory deficit, cholinergic dysfunction, smaller than relatives owing to the loss of all oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation in HAUSTORIUM 76 33

mice. C. campestris showed better potential fruit weight per tree of 1.49±0.26 kg while than C. chinensis. ] the lowest value was observed in the sub- Liu XiaoJin, Xu DaPing, Yang ZengJiang, Sahel zone, with 0.67±0.11 kg.] Zhang NingNan and Pan LiJun. 2018. Lopez-Laphitz, R.M., Ezcurra, C. and Vidal- Investigation of exogenous benzyladenine on Russell, R. 2018. Cryptic species in the growth, biochemical composition, Andean hemiparasite Quinchamalium photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of chilense (Schoepfiaceae: Santalales). Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) Systematics and Biodiversity 16(3): 260-270. seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth [Two cryptic species within Q. chilense exist: Regulation 37(4): 1148-1158. [Results the Mountain and Matorral–Desert lineages suggest that suggested that leaf application of that correlate with climatic and 1 mg L-1 benzyladenine was the most suitable morphological differences.] concentration for enhancing seedling quality *López-Rodríguez, R., Herrera-Ruiz, M., Trejo- during the nursery period.] Tapia, G., Domínguez-Mendoza, B.E., *Liu Ying, Hwang EunSon, Ngo, H.T.T., González-Cortazar, M. and Zamilpa, A. Perumalsamy, H., Kim YeonJu, Li Lu and Yi 2019. In vivo gastroprotective and TaeHoo. 2018. Protective effects of antidepressant effects of iridoids, Euphrasia officinalis extract against verbascoside and tenuifloroside from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in normal Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. Molecules 24(7): human dermal fibroblasts. International 1292. (https://www.mdpi.com/1420- Journal of Molecular Sciences 19(11): 3327. 3049/24/7/1292/htm) [Finding that Liu Yue and 9 others. 2018. Cistanche verbascoside, tenuifloroside and mixture deserticola polysaccharides protects PC12 geniposide/musseanoside all displayed cells against OGD/RP-induced injury. gastroprotective effects and antidepressant Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 99: 671- activity and were likely to be the active 680. [C. deserticola polysaccharides at 5 ingrediants of C. tenuifolia, used medicinally µg/ml provided a neuroprotective effect in Mexico.] against oxygen-glucose Ma XueQin, Liu JingJing, Yang LingLing, deprivation/reperfusion -induced injury by Zhang Bo, Dong YanHong and Zhao QiPeng. inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the 2018. Cynomorium songaricum prevents DJ-1 pathway after ischaemia stroke.] bone resorption in ovariectomized rats Llorent-Martínez, E.J., Fernández-de Córdova, through RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 mediated M.L., Zengin, G., Bahadori, M.B., suppression of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB Aumeeruddy, M.Z., Rengasamy, K.R.R. and pathways. Life Sciences 209:140-148. [C. Mahomoodally, M.F. 2019. Parentucellia songaricum exhibited potential therapeutic latifolia subsp. latifolia: a potential source for effect on bone metabolism of ovariectomized loganin iridoids by HPLC-ESI-MSn rats, and this effect was possibly exerted by technique. Journal of Pharmaceutical and RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 mediated down- Biomedical Analysis 165: 374-380. regulation of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT [Analysing the various antioxidant and other pathways.] potentially active components of extracts of *McKibben, M. and Henning, J.A. 2018. P. latifolia. Abstract inadequate but ‘loganin Hemiparasitic plants increase alpine plant and its isomers, rutin, and luteolin-O- richness and evenness but reduce arbuscular hexoside were the most abundant mycorrhizal fungal colonization in dominant compounds. Results suggest that P. latifolia plant species. PeerJ 6: 5682. may be a valuable source of phyto-agents for (https://peerj.com/articles/5682/) [Finding the management of noncommunicable that the presence of Castilleja spp. (C. diseases.’] angustifolia, C. miniata and/or C. sulphurea) Lompo, O., Lykke, A.M., Lankoandé, B. and was associated with an 11% increase in plant Ouédraogo, A. 2018. Influence of climate on richness and a 5% increase in plant evenness, fruit production of the yellow plum, Ximenia regardless of elevation; also that it reduced americana, in Burkina Faso, West Africa. mycorrhizal fungal colonization within Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 10(4): dominant plant species by ∼20%, regardless 36-42. [Determining that the optimum of elevation (in California).] climate for X. americana was in the south- *Maes, W.H., Huete, A.R., Avino, M., Boer, Sudanian phytogeographic zone, with a mean M.M., Dehaan, R., Pendall, E., Griebel, A. HAUSTORIUM 76 34

and Steppe, K. 2018. Can UAV-based Mao ChangLi, Wu Yu, Zhang FengLiang and He infrared thermography be used to study plant- MeiYing. 2019. (Genetic diversity of parasite interactions between mistletoe and Scleropyrum wallichianum based on AFLP eucalypt trees? Remote Sensing 10(12): markers.) (in Chinese) Journal of Tropical 2062. (https://www.mdpi.com/2072- and Subtropical Botany 27(1): 29-35. 4292/10/12/2062/htm) [Using thermal [Scleropyrum wallichianum (= S. imagery to confirm that mistletoes pentandrum) is a root parasitic tree in (apparently several species but none named) Cervantesiaceae. Genetic diversity was have significantly lower temprature by 0.2- assessed using AFLP markers obtained from 0.3oC and can confirm their presence in the seven populations from Yunnan Province. canopies of Eucalyptus fibrosa and E. 88.5% of the variation existed within moluccana with infection rates of 69-75%.] populations, thus in situ and ex situ *Maisetta, G., Batoni, G., Caboni, P., Esin, S., protections were proposed to increase genetic Rinaldi, A.C. and Zucca, P. 2019. Tannin diversity.] profile, antioxidant properties, and Mao JiHua, Jia DaiShun, Chen Fu, Jing YueBo, antimicrobial activity of extracts from two Li RongBo, Li YongPeng, Chen ZhongHua Mediterranean species of parasitic plant and Li Jiang. 2018. (Hypocotyle grafting Cytinus. BMC Complementary and techniques of rare and endangered plant Alternative Medicine 19(82): 5 April 2019. Malania oleifera.) (in Chinese) Journal of (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12 West China Forestry Science 47(5): 39- 870-019-1740-z) [The profiles of C. 45.[Optimum grafting techniques for the ‘rare hypocistis and C. ruber revealed significant and endangered’ M. oleifera (Olacaceae) amounts of gallotannins, in particular 1-O- were: grafting in early June, cut-grafting, galloyl-β-D-glucose. In addition, semi-lignified scion, retaining half a leaf, pentagalloyl-O-β-D-glucose was present in grafting at 6 cm height of hypocotyle, all extracts. These are likely to be the active covering the grafting part with grafting compounds contributing to their antioxidant membrane, growing the grafted plantlet with and antimicrobial activities.] medium formula of 50% yellow sub- Mandumbu, R., Mutengwa, C., Mabasa, S. and soil+20% +10% vermiculite +10% perlite Mwenje, E. 2019. Challenges to the +10% calcium magnesium phosphate exploitation of host plant resistance for Striga fertilizer, and shading with 60% shade net.]. management in cereals and legumes by *Matata, D.Z., Ngassapa, O.D., Machumi, F. and farmers in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Moshi, M.J. 2018. Screening of plants used Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section B - as traditional anticancer remedies in Soil & Plant Science 69(1): 82-88. [A general Mkuranga and Same districts, Tanzania, review of Striga-resistance mechanisms, using brine shrimp toxicity bioassay. discussing the reasons why none are Evidence-based Complementary and completely effective, and the need for Alternative Medicine 2018 : ID 3034612. integration of different mechanisms along (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/201 with increased soil fertility etc.] 8/3034612/) [Referring to ‘Loranthus *Manju Sharma, Levenson, C., Browning, J.C., micranthus’ (= Englerina gabonensis = L. Becker, E.M., Clements, I., Castella, P. and micrantherus) among the most used anti- Cox, M.E. 2018. East Indian sandalwood oil cancer remedies in Tanzania.] is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor: a new Maul. K., Krug, M., Nickrent, D.L., Müller, therapeutic option in the treatment of K.F., Quandt, D. and Wicke S. 2019. inflammatory skin disease. Frontiers in Morphology, geographic distribution and Pharmacology 9(March) 200. host preference are poor predictors of (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ phylogenetic relatedness in the mistletoe fphar.2018.00200/full) [Reporting that 75% genus Viscum L. Molecular Phylogenetics of pediatric eczema/atopic dermatitis patients and Evolution 131:106-115. [Nuclear ITS treated with topical Santalum album and chloroplast markers were used to formulations achieved a >50% reduction in generate a molecular phylogeny for 59 (of the their Eczema Area and Severity Index score. ca. 120 species). Viscum originated in Africa Also discussing the active ingredients and and diversified via geographic isolation reactions involved.] following long-distance dispersal to continental Asia and Australia. Multiple HAUSTORIUM 76 35

switches from ancestral dioecy to monoecy Mohapatra, S.R., Bhol, N. and Nayak, R.K. occurred as well as multiple cases of the 2018. Influence of potting mixture on growth evolution of scale leaves.] and quality of sandalwood (Santalum album Mayelis, M.S.H. and Barros-Barrios, M. 2018. L.) seedlings. Indian Forester 144(11): 1049- Diversity of weevils (Coleoptera: 1053. [Comparing a wide range of media for Curculionidae) in orchards of pecanero the rearing of seedlings of S. album, and walnut in the north of Coahuila, Mexico. finding best results from a mixture of sand + Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas red soil + vermicompost in 1:1:1 ratio.] 9(2): 473-480. [Incidentally noting the Mursidawati, S., Wicaksono, A. and Teixeira da occurrence of Smicronyx interruptus and S. Silva J.A. 2019. Development of the sculpticollis of interest as possible biocontrol endophytic parasite, Rafflesia patma Blume, agents for Cuscuta spp.] among host plant (Tetrastigma Mejri, S., Mabrouk, Y., Belhadj, O. and Saidi, leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston) vascular M. 2018. Orobanche foetida resistance in two cambium tissue. South African Journal of new faba bean genotypes produced by Botany 123: 382-386. [An anatomical study radiation mutagenesis. International Journal that confirms previous observations (e.g. of Radiation Biology 94(7): 671-677. Nikolov et al. 2014 Annals of Botany [Confirming that low induction of seed 114:233). [The authors indicate that the germination is a major component of endophyte spreads within the host vascular resistance to O. foetida in the resistant variety cambium in a linear manner, but not as a Badi and two mutant lines P2 M3 and P7 M3. continuous strand.] A parallel reduction in infection was Mutuku, J.M. and eleven others. 209. The accompanied by the continuous enhancement structural integrity of lignin is crucial for of the peroxidase activity, the polyphenol resistance against Striga hermonthica oxidase activity and the phenylalanine parasitism in rice. Plant Physiology 179(4): ammonia lyase activity in faba bean roots.] 1796-1809. [The results demonstrate that *Misse, P.T.E. 2019. Development project to enhanced lignin deposition and maintenance allay poverty and food insecurity in the north of the structural integrity of lignin polymers and far-north regions of Cameroon. SSRN deposited at the infection site are crucial for Electronic Journal: 12 pp. the post-attachment resistance of rice variety (https/ssrn.com/abstract=3328098) Nipponbare against S. hermonthica.] [Describing a project aiming to overcome Nadİroğlu, M., Behçet, L. and Çakılcıoğlu, U. constraints on productivity in N. Cameroon. 2019. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal with particular emphasis on Striga plants in Karlıova (Bingöl-Turkey). Indian hermonthica. Proposing three strategies: Journal of Traditional Knowledge 18(1): 76- increased soil organic matter, legume 87. [Rhinanthus serotinus ssp. aestivalis rotations or intercrops, and growing Striga among species not previously recorded trap crops or non-host crops.] locally as medicinal herbs.] Mochamad, L. Hermanto, B. and Hestianah, E.P. Nave, L.E., Heckman, K.A., Muñoz, A.B. and 2019. Determination of progesterone Swanston, C.W. 2018. Radiocarbon suggests compounds in the crude methanol extract of the hemiparasitic annual Melampyrum benalu duku leaves. Veterinary World 12(3): lineare Desr. may acquire carbon from 358-366. [Describing a complex technique stressed hosts. Radiocarbon 60(1): 269-281. for determining the presdece of progesterone [By girdling host trees and comparing the in leaves of Dendrophthoe pentandra from parasites response to non-girdled the authors the host Lansiumdomesticum, used as a indicate that the parasite takes more carbon traditional medicine in Indonesia.] and nitrogen from stressed trees.] Mohamed, M.Kh.A. and El-Sayed, A.F. 2018. N’cho, S.A., Mourits, M., Rodenburg, J. and Effect of sowing dates on the competition Lansink, A.O. 2018. Inefficiency of manual between faba bean (Vicia faba, L.) genotypes weeding in rainfed rice systems affected by and the parasitic weed, "Orobanche crenata, parasitic weeds. Agricultural Economics Forsk.". Alexandria Journal of Agricultural 50(2): 151-163. Sciences 63(2): 83-91. [Six bean varieties (https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12473) [Using including Sakha1, Sakha3, Giza843, Misr3 a’ directional input distance function DEA were sown at two dates in Egypt but results approach’ and ‘a truncated bootstrap not clear from the abstract.] regression’ to establish that the technical HAUSTORIUM 76 36

inefficiency of weeding labour was high in *Oei ShiaoLi, Thronicke, A., Kröz, M., both Cȏte d’Ivoire (58%) and Benin (69%) Herbstreit, C. and Schad, F. 2018. The implying that a substantial fraction of internal coherence of breast cancer patients is weeding labour could be saved without associated with the decision-making for reducing rice yield or use of other inputs.] chemotherapy and Viscum album L. Nickrent, D.L., Anderson, F. and Kuijt J. 2019. treatment. Evidence-based Complementary Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: and Alternative Medicine 2018: ID 1065271. Integrating morphological characters and (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/201 molecular phylogenetics. American Journal 8/1065271/) [Studying the basis on which of Botany 106: 402-414. [Molecular cancer patients choose to have supplementary phylogenetic analyses were conducted on treatment with V. album.] representatives of 146 of the 163 genera in Ogeron, C., Odonne, G., Cristinoi, A., Engel, J., the order. A grouping of three flowers (i.e., Grenand, P., Beauchêne, J., Clair, B. and both dichasia and triads) was optimized on Davy, D. 2018. Palikur traditional samples of the posterior distribution of trees roundwood construction in eastern French from the Bayesian analysis using Guiana: ethnobotanical and cultural BayesTraits. This feature was not perspectives. Journal of Ethnobiology and plesiomorphic for the order. Includes Ethnomedicine 14(28): No.28. [Noting the extensive discussion of inflorescence types in use of timber from Minquartia guianensis for Santalales (minus the holoparasites).] poles in the construction of permanent Nurochman, D., Matangaran, J.R., Santosa, G., buildings.] Suharjito, D. and Sari, R.K. 2018. Ojelel, S., Mucunguzi, P., Katuura, E., Kakudidi, Autecology and morphological properties of E.K., Namaganda, M. and Kalema, J. 2019. sandalwood (Santalum album) in Pidie Wild edible plants used by communities in District, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas: and around selected forest reserves of Teso- Journal of Biological Diversity 19(2): 406- Karamoja region, Uganda. Journal of 412. [Studies relating to S. album as an Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 15(3): (9 endangered species established that it was January 2019). [Noting that Ximenia africana most commonly associated with Syzygium is among the five most frequently used wild cumini and Ziziphus oenopolia in this region plants in local traditional medicine.] of Indonesia.] *Omojokun, O.S., Oboh, G. and Ademiluyi, Nyang'au, I.M., Kelboro, G., Hornidge, A.K., A.O. 2018. Effects of drying on Midega, C.A.O. and Borgemeister, C. 2018. cholinesterases and angiotensin-I converting Transdisciplinary research: collaborative enzyme inhibitory potential and phenolic leadership and empowerment towards constituents of African mistletoe (Loranthus sustainability of push-pull technology. bengwensis L) leaves from kolanut host tree. Sustainability 10(7): 2378. [‘In this study, the Journal of Food Biochemistry 42(4): e12510. push-pull technology was used as a boundary (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1745 object to enable interactions among 4514) [Sun-drying proved better than oven- stakeholders across science-practice or shade-drying for optimum activity in boundaries engaged in the control of extracts of leaves of ‘L. bengwensis’ (= stemborers in maize in SW Ethiopia.’] Tapinanthus bangwensis). 20 phenolic *Oboh, G., Babatola, L.J. and Ademiluyi, A.O. compounds were identified with caffeic being 2018. In vitro inhibitory effects of mistletoes the most predominant. Concluding that the (Loranthus begwensis L.) phenolic-rich extracts from this parasite infecting kolanut extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and (Cola spp.) host trees can be used as a angiotensin converting enzyme activities. therapeutic agent in the management of Journal of Food Biochemistry 42(4): e12504. Alzheimer's disease and hypertension.] (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j Opole, R.A. 2019. Opportunities for enhancing fbc.12504) [This study compared the activity production, utilization and marketing of of extracts of ‘L. begwensis’(=Tapinanthus finger millet in Africa. African Journal of bangwensis) from different hosts (not Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and specified in abstract) for their possible Development 19(1): 13863-13882. antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and [Proposing the increased cultivation of antioxidant properties.] Eleusine coracana in Kenya, but noting its susceptibility to Striga spp.] HAUSTORIUM 76 37

Ortiz, S., Lecsö-Bornet, M., Bonnal, C., Houze, Park JongHeum, Kim YoNa, Kim JaeKyung, S., Michel, S., Grougnet, R. and Park HaYoung and Song BeomSeok. 2019. Boutefnouchet, S. 2019. Bioguided Viscothionin purified from mistletoe (Viscum identification of triterpenoids and neolignans album var. coloratum Ohwi) induces insulin as bioactive compounds from anti-infectious secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Journal medicinal plants of the Taira Atacama's of Ethnopharmacology 234: 172-179. [The community (Calama, Chile). Journal of study indicates that the hypoglycemic effect Ethnopharmacology 231: 217-229. [Gram of V. album is mediated by its insulinotropic positive strains of clinical interest were action and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, highly sensitive to Krameria lappacea. A and the effect is due to viscothionin, one of bioguided approach led to identification of its major bioactive constituents.] conocarpan as the main bioactive compound.] Park Su, Park GwangHun, Kim HaNa, Son Osunlana, O.R., Bello, M.O., Johnson, J.A. and HoJun, Song HunMin, Kim HyunSeok, Jeong Afolabi, O.B. 2018. Antioxidant, HyungJin and Jeong JinBoo. 2018. Anti- compositional evaluation and blood pressure inflammatory effect of the extracts from the modulating potentials of Bryophyllum branch of Taxillus yadoriki being parasitic in pinnatum (Lam.), Viscum album (L.) and Neolitsea sericea in LPS-stimulated Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) leave extracts. RAW264.7 cells. Biomedicine & Potravinárstvo: Slovak Journal of Food Pharmacotherapy 104: 1-7. Sciences 12(1): 422-430. [Antioxidant Pei WenJing, Guo RuiLi, Zhang JinLi and Li activity of V. album was intermediate XueQin. 2019. Extraction of phenylethanoid between that of the other two species. All glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa by high- considered to be of value in treatment of high speed shearing homogenization extraction. blood pressure.] Journal of AOAC International 102(1): 63- Öztürk, L., Sİvrİ, N., Șİn, B. and Kadıoglu, İ. 68. [Describing an improved method for 2018. Host range and distribution of extraction of echinacoside and acteoside European mistletoe Viscum album in themain active ingredients in C. tubulosa.] Northwestern Marmara, Turkey. IX Petersen, G., Zervas, A., Pedersen, H.Æ. and International Scientific Agriculture Seberg, O. 2018. Genome Reports: Symposium "AGROSYM 2018", Jahorina, Contracted genes and dwarfed plastome in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4-7 October 2018. mycoheterotrophic Sciaphila thaidanica Book of Proceedings, 1075-1080. [A survey (Triuridaceae, Pandanales). Genome Biology confirmed occurrence of V. album on wild and Evolution 10: 976–981. [The pear, pear, almond, plum, apricot, oak, spruce mycoheterotrophic plant Sciaphila thaidanica tree, willow, cherry and poplar trees in has a tiny plastome, only 12.7 kb in size and Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces. it contains only 20 potentially functional Cherry and pear were the most seriously housekeeping genes.] damaged, to the point of tree death under the Piwowarczyk, R., Guzikowski, S., Depa, Ł. and most dense infestations.] Kaszyca, N. 2018. First report of Park InKyu, Yang SungYu, Kim WookJin, Noh Smynthurodes betae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) PuReum, Lee HyunOh and Moon on Phelipanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae). ByeongCheol. 2018. The complete plastome Florida Entomologist101(2): 339-341. of Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. [Recording damaging effects of S. betae on Mitochondrial DNA Part B 3(2): 523-524. P. ramosa in Poland, and suggesting further [Complete chloroplast genome sequences for study of its potential for biological control.] seven taxa exist in Genbank: C. campestris Piwowarczyk, R. and Mielczarek, L. 2018. First (not C. gronovii),C. chinensis, C. exaltata, C. report of Eumerus mucidus (Diptera: japonica, C. obtusiflora, C. “pentagona”, and Syrphidae) on Cistanche armena C. reflexa. As pointed out by Costea and (Orobanchaceae) and from Armenia. Florida Stefanović in Haustorium 68, C. pentagona is Entomologist 101(3): 519-521. often confused with C. campestris. The size Piwowarczyk, R. Mielczarek, L. and of the plastome reported here is 86.38 kb Guzikowski, S. 2018. First report of whereas the previously misidentified one is Phytomyza orobanchia (Diptera: 86.74. The voucher specimen should be Agromyzidae) from Poland and Chymomyza checked.] amoena (Diptera: Drosophilidae) on HAUSTORIUM 76 38

Phelipanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae). National Park, Western Himalaya. Tropical Florida Entomologist 101(3): 540-542. Ecology 59(1): 157-161. [Recording Piwowarczyk, R., Pedraja, O.S., Moral, G.M., extensive infestation of Pinus wallichiana by Fatvush, G., Zakaryan, N., Kartashyan, N. Arceuthobium minutissimum in N. India, not and Aleksanyan, A. 2109. Holoparasitic previously reported. It is possibly being Orobanchaceae (Cistanche, Diphelypaea, supported by climate change.] Orobanche, Phelipanche) in Armenia: *Reynel, M.B., Villegas, Y., Kiene, H., distribution, habitats, host range and Werthmann, P.G. and Kienle, G.S. 2018. taxonomic problems. Phytotaxa 386(1): 101- Intralesional and subcutaneous application of 106. [36 species described with distribution, Viscum album L. (European mistletoe) habitat, phenology, host range, illustrations extract in cervical carcinoma in situ: a CARE and taxonomic clarifications. One new compliant case report. Medicine (Baltimore) combination – Phelipanche cernua ssp. 97(48): e13420. sinaica.] (https://journals.lww.com/md- Popović, T., Milićević, Z., Oro, V., Kostić, I., journal/Fulltext/2018/11300/Intralesional_an Radović, V., Jelušić, A. and Krnjajić, S. d_subcutaneous_application_of.70.aspx) 2018. A preliminary study of antibacterial [Reporting complete remission of symptoms activity of thirty essential oils against several in a 47-year-old Peruvian woman with important plant pathogenic bacteria. Pesticidi recurrent candidal vaginitis who had been i Fitomedicina 33(3/4): 185-195. [Oil of diagnosed with colpocervicitis and squamous Santalum album showed no useful effect metaplasia 8 years ago, after 5 months of against Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas treatment with V. album extracts.] campestris pv. campestris or Pseudomonas Ribeiro, D.A. and 9 others. 2019. Conservation syringae pv. syringae.] priorities for medicinal woody species in a Putri, A.I. and Herawan, T. 2018. (Rooting cerrado area in the Chapada do Araripe, regeneration of in vitro and ex vitro plantlets northeastern Brazil. Environment, of cendana (Santalum album Linn.) tissue Development and Sustainability 21(1) 61-77. culture.) (in Indonesian) Jurnal Pemuliaan [Including Ximenia americana among Tanaman Hutan 12(2): 147-155. [Comparing ‘priority species’.] two clones and finding significant differences Risberg, B. 2019. (Flora in Altai and north- in the root regeneration of plantlets of S. western Mongolia.) (in Swedish) Svensk album, one showing much stronger secondary Botanisk Tidskrift 113(2): 127-133. [Calling root regeneration, favourable for success in for help in identifying Pedicularis spp. which acclimatisation.] are well represented in this region.] *Quintana-Rodríguez, E., Ramírez-Rodríguez, Rodríguez-Mendieta, S., Lara, C. and Ornelas, A.G., Ramírez-Chávez, E., Molina-Torres, J., J.F. 2018. Unravelling host-mediated effects Camacho-Coronel, X., Esparza-Claudio, J., on hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Heil, M. and Orona-Tamayo, D. 2108. Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don traits Biochemical traits in the flower lifetime of a linked to mutualisms with pollinators and Mexican mistletoe parasitizing mesquite seed dispersers. Journal of Plant Ecology biomass. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018(9): 11(6): 827-842. [Studying the flower 1031. morphology, nectar production, pollinator (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ visitation rate and female reproductive fitness fpls.2018.01031/full) [Studying, in of P. calyculatus populations on cultivated impressive detail, the sequence of events in host species Crataegus mexicana and native production and quality of nectar in hosts Quercus crassipes and Prunus serotina Psittacanthus calyculatus over a mainly 3- at three different locations. Hummingbird day period. Although it refers to nectar visitation and pollen production were highest secretion as ‘the only’ reward to engage when host was C. mexicana while there were flower visitors (mainly humming birds), it larger flowers, fruits and seeds on the other also refers to volatiles, the most important of hosts. The effects of host species, study site which was β-ocimene.] and floral trait covariates significantly Rai, I.D., Manish Bhardwaj, Gautam Talukdar, affected all fitness measures, indicating that Rawat, G.S. and Sambandham Sathyakumar. the reproductive fitness of the mistletoe is 2018. Large scale infestation of Blue pine by affected differently depending on the host Himalayan dwarf mistletoe in the Gangotri species and their site of occurrence.] HAUSTORIUM 76 39

Ronald, M., Charles, M., Stanford, M. and *Scharenberg, F. and; Zidorn, C. 2018. Genuine Eddie, M. 2019. Mulching offers protection and sequestered natural products from the from Striga asiatica L. Kutnze parasitism in genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae, sorghum genotypes. Acta Agriculturæ Lamiales). Molecules 23(11): 2821. Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant *Schelkunov, M.I., Penin, A.A. and Logacheva, Science 69(2):167-173. [Assessing the M.D. 2018. RNA-seq highlights parallel and susceptibilty of 10 sorghum genotypes to S. contrasting patterns in the evolution of the asiatica at two levels of mulching in pots in nuclear genome of fully mycoheterotrophic South Africa. Genotypes Mukadziusaende, plants. BMC Genomics 19:602. Chiredhi and Hlubi were able to maintain (https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/trac height despite infestation by Striga. Mulching k/pdf/10.1186/s12864-018-4968-3) was beneficial in most cases. S. [Concluding from studies of the arundinaceum was highly susceptible.] mycoheterotrophic orchids Epipogium Saive, M., Frederich, M. and Fauconnier, M.L. aphyllum and E. roseum and Hypopitys 2018. Plants used in traditional medicine and monotropa (Ericaceae) that full heterotrophy cosmetics in Mayotte Island (France): an leads to profound changes in nuclear gene ethnobotanical study. Indian Journal of content. The observed increase in the rate of Traditional Knowledge 17(4): 645-653. nucleotide substitutions is lineage specific, [Santalum album among the most used.] rather than a universal phenomenon among Sangüesa-Barreda, G., Camarero, J.J., Pironon, non-photosynthetic plants.] S., Gazol, A., Peguero-Pina, J.J. and Gil- Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Burgos-Edwards, A., Pelegrín, E. 2018. Delineating limits: Theoduloz, C., Jiménez-Aspee, F. and confronting predicted climatic suitability to Vargas-Arana, G. 2019. field performance in mistletoe populations. Ethnopharmacological relevance: Journal of Journal of Ecology (Oxford) 106(6): 2218- Ethnopharmacology 229: 167-179. 2229. [Exploring the possible adaptability of [Minquartia guianensis among plants used Viscum album populations to future climate traditionally, in alcohol, for enhancing male change, using a population on Pinus sylvestis sexual performance, but not as active as in a moist, cool climate and another on P. others.] halapensis in a warm dry climate. Schneider, A.C., Braukmann, T., Arjan Banerjee Concluding that populations in the warm and Stefanović, S. 2018. Convergent climate were less fitted for future climate plastome evolution and gene loss in chance.] holoparasitic Lennoaceae. Genome Biology Santiago, M.B., Moraes, T.daS., Massuco, J.E., and Evolution 10(10): 2663-2670. [The Silva, L.O., Lucarini, R., da Silva, F.,Vieira, plastomes of two species, Lennoa T.M., Crotti, A.E.M. and Martins, C.H.G. madreporoides and Pholisma arenarium, are 2018. In vitro evaluation of essential oils for 83.6 and 81.2 kb in size, respectively. Some potential antibacterial effects against Xylella genes are under relaxed selection (e.g. many fastidiosa. Journal of Phytopathology associated with photosynthesis) whereas 166(11/12): 790-798. [Results suggest the oil others appear to be under purifying selection, of sandalwood (Santalum album?) has e.g. rbcL, suggesting a nonphotosynthetic antibacterial action and is a promising natural function.] source for the development of new pesticides *Schötterl, S., Huber, S.M., Lentzen, H., against X. fastidiosa.] Mittelbronn, M. and Naumann, U. 2018. Schad, F., Axtner, J., Kröz, M., Matthes, H. and Adjuvant therapy using mistletoe containing Steele, M.L. 2018. Safety of combined drugs boosts the T-cell-mediated killing of treatment with monoclonal antibodies and glioma cells and prolongs the survival of Viscum album L. preparations. Integrative glioma bearing mice. Evidence-based Cancer Therapies 17(1): 41-51. [Results from Complementary and Alternative Medicine a study involving 474 treatments on 43 2018: ID 3928572. patients suggested that ‘together with (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/201 theoretical consideration of potential 8/3928572/) [Treatment of glioblastoma cells botanical-drug interactions’, combined with ISCADOR Qu that contains a high treatment with V. album and monoclonal mistletoe (Viscum album) lectin antibodies is safe.] concentration, but also viscotoxins and other compounds, as well as with Aviscumine or HAUSTORIUM 76 40

native ML-1, enhanced the expansion of geographic range following its host plant, cancer cell-specific T-cells as well as T-cell- without significant demographic growth’.] mediated tumor cell lysis. They f urther Shayanowako, A.I.T., Shimelis, H., Laing, M.D. modulated the expression of immune and Mwadzingeni, L. 2018. Genetic diversity response associated genes, such that in vivo, of maize genotypes with variable resistance subcutaneous ISCADOR Qu injections at to Striga asiatica based on SSR markers. increasing concentration induced cytokine Cereal Research Communications 46(4): 668- release in immunocompetent VM/Dk-mice. 678. [The extent of genetic diversity among Finally, ISCADOR Qu, if applied in 37 diverse maize genotypes was determined combination with tumor irradiation and TMZ, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. further prolonged the survival of glioma The maize genotypes were selected based on mice.] their variable resistance to S. asiatica. A total Schweiger, J.M I., Kemnade, C., Bidartondo, of 191 alleles were detected and the number M.I. and Gebauer, G. 2019. Light limitation of effective alleles varied from 2 to 21 per and partial mycoheterotrophy in rhizoctonia- locus with a mean of 11. Based on this associated orchids. Oecologia 189(2): 375- analysis several open pollinated varieties 383. [Concluding that both Neottia ovata and were selected from different clusters for Ophrys insectivora can be considered as breeding.] partially mycoheterotrophic and at least in O. Shazia Noureen, Sobia Noreen, Ghumman, S.A., insectifera, the degree of partial meterotrophy Fozia Batool, Mahira Arshad, Fozia Noreen, can be fine-tuned according to light Umair Ishtiaq and Bukhari, S.N.A. 2018. availability. However, exploitation of Seeds of giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) as a mycorrhizal fungi appears less flexible in function of extract procedure and solvent saprotroph-associated orchids than in orchids nature. Notulae Botanicae, Horti associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi.] Agrobotanici, Cluj-Napoca 46(2) 653-662. Sdiri, M., Li XiangMin, Du, W.W., El-Bok, S., [Exploring the optimum extraction Xie YiZhen, Ben-Attia, M. and Yang, B.B. procedures for antioxidant activity of C. 2018. Anticancer activity of Cynomorium reflexa, considered a ‘superb’ source of coccineum. Cancers 10(10): 35. [Treatment traditional herbal medication for eyes, liver, of mice with murine cancer cell line B16, spleen and kidney in Romania.] followed by peritoneal injection of the water Shi BiXian, Xu DongSheng, Wu YuanZhu, Lei extract prolonged mouse survival ZhongHua, Lai ChengXia and Zhao Jun. significantly apparently due to down- 2018. (Effect of soil conditions on sunflower regulation of c-myc expression. Further broomrape parasitism.) (in Chinese) Acta investigation showed that treatment with C. Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 38(9): coccineum induced the overexpression of the 1717-1721. [Finding that sandy loam soil was tumor suppressor Foxo3 and other molecules much more favourable than loam or clay to involved in inducing autophagy and exerts its the growth and development of Orobanche antiproliferative activity through the cumana on sunflower. Further, a temperature induction of cell death pathway. C. of 25-30°C, soil moisture of 60%-70% and songaricum was less active.] soil pH 8 were optimal for the parasite.] *Silva, A.R., Fernandes, Â., García, P.A., Barros, L. and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2019. Sequeira, A.S., Rocamundi, N., Ferrer, M.S., Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. macranthus Baranzelli, M.C. and Marvaldi, A.E. 2018. Wettst.: nutritional characterization. Unveiling the history of a peculiar weevil- Molecules 24(6): 1111. plant interaction in South America: a (https://www.mdpi.com/1420- phylogeographic approach to Hydnorobius 3049/24/6/1111/htm) [Analysis of C. hydnorae (belidae) associated with hypocistis and its nectar proved both to be Prosopanche americana (Aristolochiaceae). excellent sources of nutritional compounds, Diversity 10(2): 33. [After studying 18 sites which supports its use during past periods of where H. hydnorae occurred in Chaco scarcity.] Province, Argentina results indicated ‘a long Smith, D.R. 2018. Plastid genomes hit the big trajectory of host-tracking through space and time. New Phytologist 219: 491-495. [A short time, where the weevil has expanded its but information packed review of variation in plastomes, which is more than you might HAUSTORIUM 76 41

currently think. Covers green and red algae as permanent during the evaluated period. well as nonphotosynthetic species.] Species of Archeuthobium noted stated in Solomon Assefa Derese, Shimelis, H., Laing, M. abstract.] and Fentahum Mengistu. 2018. The impact of Spooner, B.M. 2018. Hosts of mistletoe in drought on sorghum production, and farmer's Britain - common, rare and puzzling. varietal and trait preferences, in the north Cecidology 33(2): 56-66. [As papers in eastern Ethiopia: implications for breeding. Cecidology (the official journal of the British Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Gall Society) are not readily available Soil & Plant Science 68(5): 424-436. to non-members, we have asked their [Concluding that overall, sorghum breeding Chairman, Dr Spooner to summarise this and programmes should be directed at developing some previous relevant publications. Please farmers' ideal sorghum varieties with high see above.] grain and biomass yield, adequate level of Stander, M.A., Brendler, T., Redelinghuys, H. drought and Striga tolerance. In addition, and van Wyk, B.E. 2019. The commercial development of farmer preferred medium- history of Cape herbal teas and the analysis maturing sorghum varieties suitable for April of phenolic compounds in historic teas from a planting would strengthen its productivity depository of 1933. Journal of Food and increase varietal adoption rate in the Composition and Analysis 76: 66-73. area.] [Mainly discussing ‘rooibos’ herbal tea in S. Song DeZhi, Cao Zhen, Liu ZaiBing, Tickner, J., Africa, made from Aspalathus linearis, but Qiu Heng, Wang Chao, Chen Kai, Wang incidentally recording for the first time that ZiYi, Dong ShiWu and Xu JiaKe. 2018. the tea known as ‘reed tea’, or ‘riettee’ is Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide made from Thesium macrostachyum and attenuates osteoclastogenesis and bone other Thesium spp. and is the same as the tea resorption via inhibiting RANKL signaling that is still used in the Wupperthal area as and reactive oxygen species production. ‘lidjiestee’.] Journal of Cellular Physiology 233(12): Stojanova, B., Delourme, R., Duffé, P., 9674-9684. [C. deserticola polysaccharide Delavault, P. and Simier, P. 2019. Genetic (CDP) is already known to have antitumour, differentiation and host preference reveal anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. non-exclusive host races in the generalist This study confirmed that CDP may also parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa. Weed represent a candidate drug for the treatment Research (Oxford) 59 No.2 pp.107-118. of osteoporosis caused by excessive [Studying 100 populations in France and osteoclast activity.] finding one group from W. France which Song Xue, Jiang Lu, Guo Qiang, Sun YanJun attacked oilseed rape and tobacco but not and Zan QiJie. 2018. Effect of other plants by hemp. The two other groups were more applying Cuscuta campestris Yuncker to widespread and attacked hemp mainly, or control Mikania micrantha H. B. K. Journal tobacco mainly and tomato but not oilseed of Guangxi Normal University - Natural rape. The differential behaviour of the groups Science Edition 36(4): 139-150. [Recording was associated with differential germination the successful use of C. campestris as a rates.] biological control to reduce Mikania *Su, H-J., Barkman, T.J, Hao, W., Jones, S.S., micrantha in forest parks in China. Among Naumann, J., Skippington, E., Wafula, E.K., other plants incidentally parasitised, 15 were Hu, J-M., Palmer, J.D. and dePamphilis, unharmed. 138 other species were affected to C.W. 2019. Novel genetic code and record- varying degrees but none were killed.] setting AT-richness in the highly reduced *Sotero-García, A.I., Arteaga-Reyes, T.T., plastid genome of the holoparasitic plant Martínez-Campos, Á.R. and Galicia, L. 2018. Balanophora. Proceedings of the National (Effect of pruning on Arcceuthobium spp. in Academy of Sciences 116: 934-943. dense and semi-dense forests of Pinus (https://www.pnas.org/content/116/3/934) hartwegii (Lindl.).) (in Spanish) Madera y [Truly one of the most remarkable plastomes Bosques 24(2): e2421582. yet seen among holoparasitic angiosperms, (http://myb.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/myb/arti not only because it is tiny (15.5 kb) but also cle/view/e2421582/1771) [Pruning reduces because it has 88% AT and apparently the incidence of dwarf mistletoe in semi remains functional with biased codon usage dense and dense forest, and its effect was by using a novel genetic code.] HAUSTORIUM 76 42

Suetsugu, K., Ohta, T. and Tayasu, I. 2018. from Chinese herbal medicine prior to ultra- Partial mycoheterotrophy in the leafless high performance liquid chromatography- orchid Cymbidium macrorhizon. American quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry Journal of Botany 105(9): 1595-1600. analysis. Journal of Chromatography, A [Concluding that despite its leafless status, 1532: 58-67. [Reporting the successful use of fruiting plants of C. macrorhizon were this technique in the extraction and capable of fixing significant quantities of purification of the active ingredient carbon. Considering the autotrophic carbon echinacoside from Cistanche tubulosa.] gain increases during the fruiting season, its Tong ZeYu, Wang XiangPing, Wu LingYun and photosynthetic ability may contribute to fruit Huang ShuangQuan. 2019. Nectar and seed production that C. macrorhizon supplementation changes pollinator should, therefore, be considered a partially behaviour and pollination mode in mycoheterotrophic species rather than fully Pedicularis dichotoma: implications for mycoheterotrophic, at least during the evolutionary transitions. Annals of Botany fruiting stage.] 123(2): 373-380. [P. dichotoma typically Szurpnicka, A., Zjawiony, J.K. and Szterk, A. produces very little nectar and visiting been 2019. Therapeutic potential of mistletoe in collect only pollen, resulting in sternotribic CNS-related neurological disorders and the (ventral) pollination. When a sugar solution chemical composition of Viscum species. was added to mimic nectar, the bees switched Journal of Ethnopharmacology 231: 241-252. to foraging for nectar resulting in nototribic [A review.] (dorsal) pollination.] Tănase, M. 2018. Cuscuta epithymum L. Trần H.Đ., Lưu H.T., Nguyễn Q.Đ., Nguyễn (Convolvulaceae), the most widespread H.C., Athen P., and Wong K.M. 2018. species in Southern Transylvania, Romania. Identification, sexual dimorphism and aspects Scientific Papers Series - Management, of the natural history of Sapria himalayana Economic Engineering in Agriculture and (Rafflesiaceae) on Vietnam’s Lang Biang Rural Development 18(4): 369-374. [Noting Plateau. Botanical Studies 59:29. [This that C. epithymum is the most widespread species, first seen in Vietnam in 1959, was Cuscuta species in Romania affecting more rediscovered in 2017. Eight populations were crops than other species, especially the studied and detailed descriptions of the male perennial legumes alfalfa, sainfoin, clovers and female flower morphology were made. and bird’s foot trefoil. Other hosts mentioned These data extend knowledge of the natural include Rhinanthus serotinus. C. campestris, history of this plant. These populations in the C. europaea and C. lupuliformis also occur.] Lâm Đồng Province are being designated as Tănase, M. 2018. Approach to the current state Protected Research Reserves.] of knowledge on dodders (Cuscuta L. Tsiftsis, S., Djordjević, V. and Tsiripidis, I. Convolvulaceae) from a taxonomic, 2019. Neottia cordata (Orchidaceae) at its morphological and physiological point of southernmost distribution border in Europe: view. Scientific Papers Series - Management, threat status and effectiveness of Natura 2000 Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Network for its conservation. Journal for Rural Development 18(4): 359-368. [A Nature Conservation 48: 27-35. [A survey of general review.] the ‘vulnerable’ N. cordata in forests of Tao Rui, Miao Lin, Yu Xiean, Orgah, J.O., Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies showed that Barnabas, O., Chang YanXu, Liu ErWei, Fan the latter was more favourable to its GuanWei and Gao XiuMei. 2019. conservation and the most appropriate Cynomorium songaricum Rupr demonstrates management measure is the maintenance of phytoestrogenic or phytoandrogenic like the tree layer canopy closed.] activities that attenuates benign prostatic Turnau, K., Jędrzejczyk, R., Domka, A., hyperplasia via regulating steroid 5-α- Anielska, T. and Piwowarczyk, R. 2018. reductase. Journal of Ethnopharmacology Expansion of a holoparasitic plant, 235: 65-74. Orobanche lutea (Orobanchaceae), in post- Tao Yi , Gu XiangHui , Li WeiDong and Cai industrial areas - a possible Zn effect. Science BaoChang. 2018. Fabrication and evaluation of the Total Environment 639: 714-724. [The of magnetic phosphodiesterase-5 linked data presented support the hypothesis that the nanoparticles as adsorbent for magnetic expansion of O. lutea on Medicago sativa is dispersive solid-phase extraction of inhibitors most likely supported by the increased HAUSTORIUM 76 43

concentrations of Zn and Cd in areas [Concluding that the invasive Lespedeza connected with industrial waste. Although, cuneata (in USA) could be reduced by on industrial wastes the host yield was increasing soil fertility and by shading but decreased in the parasite presence, its not by sowing of Pedicularis canadensis.] photosynthetic capacity was even increased.] Wang GuoYan, Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., *Vogel, A. and 13 others. Footprints of Yang XueJun, Liu GuoFang, Ye XueHua, parasitism in the genome of the parasitic Zhang XinShi and Huang ZhenYing. 2018. flowering plant Cuscuta campestris. Nature Effects of climate warming and prolonged Communications 9(6): 2515. snow cover on phenology of the early life (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- history stages of four alpine herbs on the 018-04344-z) [Genes needed for high southeastern Tibetan Plateau. American photosynthetic activity are shown to be lost, Journal of Botany 105(6): 967-976. explaining the low photosynthesis rates [Assessing the impact of changes in climate displayed by the parasite. Also, several genes on 4 species on the Tibetan plateau, including involved in nutrient uptake processes from Pedicularis fletcheri. Both warming and the soil are lost. On the other hand, evidence alteration of the snow cover regime can for horizontal gene transfer by way of influence plant recruitment by affecting genomic DNA integration from the parasite's seedling phenology, growth, and survival, but hosts is also found.] prolonged snow cover would partly mediate Vurro, M., Boari, A., Thiomiano, B and the effects of warming on P. fletcheri.] Bouwmeester, H. Strigolactones and *Wang, JianYou and 18 others including Parasitic Plants. 2019. in: Koltai, C and Muhammad Jalil and Al. Babili, S. 2019. Prandi, C. (eds) Strigolactones - biology The apocarotenoid metabolite zaxinone and applications: pp. 89-120.[Reviewing regulates growth and strigolactone the role of strigolactones in the biosynthesis in rice. Nature germination of Orobanche, Phlipanche and Communications 10, 1–9. Striga species, covering their (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- distribution,agricultural importance and 019-08461-1) [The authors through a life cycle, and the role of strigolactones in survey of grass Carotenoid Cleavage seed germination, parasite development, Dioxygenases (CCDs) identified a clade host specificity, plant nutrition and named Zaxinone Synthase (ZAS) which is microbiome composition. Also, some weed widely distributed in the plant kingdom. control approaches involving Its product zaxinone is required for strigolactones are discussed. See Book normal growth and development of rice Review above for listing of other chapters.] plants and is a negative regulator of *Wada, S., Songkui Cui and Yoshida, S. 2019. strigolactone biosynthesis and release. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is Chemical modification of zaxinone may indispensable for haustorium formation of the afford practical compounds applicable to root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. agricultural production for promoting Frontiers in Plant Science 22 March 2019. plant growth and development and for (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ combating root parasitic weeds.] fpls.2019.00328/full) [Exploring the role of Wang, W.B., An, M.N., Feng, Y.L. and Qu, B. reactive oxygen species (ROS) in activation 2019. First report of dodder (Cuscuta of haustorial initiation in S. hermonthica, as australis) on the invasive weed Xanthium in the oxidation of syringic acid to produce strumarium var. canadense in China. Plant DMBQ in sorghum roots; and confirming Disease 103(3): 591. [C. australis caused from results with NADPH oxidases and wilting, senescence and stunted growth in X. peroxidises that that ROS and ROS- strumarium,and few or no fruit were regulating enzymes are indeed indispensable produced.] in downstream signaling of haustorium- *Wang XiaoYue, Xu Rong, Chen Jun, Song inducng factors for haustorium formation.] JingYuan, Newmaster, S.G., Han JianPing, Walder, M., Armstrong, J.E. and Borowicz, V.A. Zhang Zheng and Chen ShiLin. 2018. 2019. Limiting similarity, biotic resistance, Detection of Cistanches Herba (Rou Cong nutrient supply, or enemies? What accounts Rong) medicinal products using species- for the invasion success of an exotic legume? specific nucleotide signatures. Frontiers in Biological Invasions 21(2): 435-449. Plant Science 9: 1643. HAUSTORIUM 76 44

(https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ report.Medicine (Baltimore) 97(40): e13243. fpls.2018.01643/full) [Sixty-six different (https://journals.lww.com/md- sources of Cistanches Herba which should journal/Fulltext/2018/12070/Long_term_tum only contain Cistanche deserticola and C. or_free_survival_in_a_metastatic.20.aspx) tubulosa, were studied and 36.4% [Noting that V. album extracts have been adulteration was found. 19.7% involved commonly used as a component of treatment adulteration with Cynomorium songaricum or in advanced pancreatic cancer and Cistanche sinensis, and 16.7% involved confirming its apparent value, in conjunction substitution with Cy. songaricum, Ci. with chemotherapy, integrated medicine and sinensis, or Boschniakia rossica.] surgical procedures in an individual. ‘Further Wang Yue, Ye XiaoXin, Wang Kai, Li PuFang, investigations seem highly worthwhile.’] Guo ZhenGuo, Chen FangJie and Ma Werthmann, P.G., Kempenich, R., Lang- YongQing. 2018. (Effect of maize and Avérous, G. and Kienle, G.S. 2019. Long- gibberellic acid on sunflower broomrape term survival of a patient with advanced germination, control and growth in sunflower pancreatic cancer under adjunct treatment field.) (in Chinese) Zhongguo Shengtai with Viscum album extracts: a case report. Nongye Xuebao / Chinese Journal of Eco- World Journal of Gastroenterology 25(12): Agriculture 26(11): 1672-1681. [In a pot 1524-1530. [Presenting the case of a patient experiment growing maize reduced with pancreatic cancer with R1-resection emergence of Orobanche cumana in with development of liver metastasis during sunflower the following year. Application of the course of treatment who showed an GA3 to the maize 20 and 40 days after overall survival of 63 months and a relapse- emergence further reduced O. cumana free survival of 39 months under increasing emergence and increased sunflower head supplementarty V. album. The possible size.] synergistic effect on tumor control of Wei YingQin, Sun ManMan and Fang HaiYan. radiofrequency ablation treatment and 2019. Dienzyme-assisted salting-out immune-stimulatory effects of V. album extraction of flavonoids from the seeds of extract should be further investigated.] Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Industrial Crops and *Wicke, S. and Naumann, J. 2018. Molecular Products 127: 232-236. [Describing a evolution of plastid genomes in parasitic technique for enhancing the extraction of flowering plants. Advances in Botanical anti-oxidant flavonoids, particularly 1,1- Research 85: 315-347. [This is an excellent diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, from seeds of C. review of the state of affairs with parasitic chinensis.] angiosperm plastomes up to that point in time *Weissenstein, U., Kunz, M., Oufir, M., Wang, (not including the Su et al. 2019 study of J.T., Hamburger, M., Urech, K., Regueiro, U. Balanophora). Provides a model for plastome and Baumgartner, S. 2019. Absence of herb- degradation and much more about the drug interactions of mistletoe with the molecular evolution of this organelle.] tamoxifen metabolite (E/Z)-endoxifen and Wilson, A.B. and Musselman, L.J. 2018. cytochrome P450 3A4/5 and 2D6 in vitro. Agalinis - a root parasite on loblolly pine. In: BMC Complementary and Alternative General Technical Report - Southern Medicine 19(23) (18 January 2019). Research Station, USDA Forest Service 2018 (https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedce No. SRS-234 Proceedings pp. 49-50. [Noting ntral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-019-2439- that loblolly pine (Pinus taeda is the most 2) [Confirming that a Viscum album extract widely planted pine species in the Southern did not interfere with the activity of United States and that as well as increasing endoxifen against breast cancer cells, and at damage from of Seymeria cassioides higher doses provided an additive effect.] (Orobanchaceae), the trees are now being *Werthmann, P.G., Inter, P., Welsch, T., Sturm, damaged by Agalinis fasciculata. Providing A.K., Grützmann, R., Debus, M., Sterner, information on its identification, distribution M.G. and Kienle, G.S. 2018. Long-term and impact.] tumor-free survival in a metastatic pancreatic *Wiseglass, G., Pri-Tall, O. and Mosquna, A. carcinoma patient with 2019. ABA signaling components in FOLFIRINOX/Mitomycin, high-dose, fever Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Scientific Reports 9: inducing Viscum album extracts and article 6476. subsequent R0 resection: a case (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- HAUSTORIUM 76 45

019-42976-3) [The phytohormone abscisic by interfering with MAPK the signaling acid (ABA) was shown to regulate P. pathway.] aegyptiaca seed dormancy following Xia, B., Hu, J.Y., Zhu, X.F., Liang, Y., Ren, X., strigolactone germination stimulus. Wu, Y.H. and Chen, D.X. 2018. First report Transcription analysis of signalling of sunflower broomrape wilt caused by components revealed five ABA receptors Fusarium brachygibbosum in China. Plant and two co-receptors (PP2C) with multiple Disease 102(11): 2372. alleles in two P. aegyptiaca ABA receptors. Xie XiaoNan, Mori, N., Yoneyama, K., Nomura, P. aegyptiaca is capable of biochemically T., Uchida, K., Yoneyama, K. and Akiyama, perceiving ABA, whereas the potential K. 2019. Lotuslactone, a non-canonical genetic loss of subfamily III receptors in strigolactone from Lotus japonicus. this species could position P. aegyptiaca as Phytochemistry 157: 200-205. [Lotuslactone a valuable model in the ABA perception stimulated branching in Gigaspora research field.] maragarita and also strongly elicited Woith, E., Melzig, M.F. 2019. Extracellular germination of Phelipanche ramosa and vesicles from fresh and dried plants - Orobanche minor, but seeds of Striga simultaneous purification and visualization hermonthica were 100-fold less sensitive to using gel electrophoresis. International this stimulant.] Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(2): 357. Xu ChaoQun and 22 others. 2019. Genome [Extracellular vesicles from Viscum album sequence of Malania oleifera, a tree with were purified, which is perhaps the first proof great value for nervonic acid production. that they are stable enough to overcome the Gigascience 8(2): giy164. drying process of plant material.] (https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article Wu ChiehJu, Chien MeiYin, Lin NanHei, Lin /8/2/giy164/5300121) [Describing the YiChiao, Chen WenYing, Chen ChaoHsiang genome sequence of M. oleifera (Olacaceae) and Tzen, J.T.C. 2019. Echinacoside isolated an IUCN red-listed tree restricted to the Karst from Cistanche tubulosa : Molecules 24(4): region of southwest China.] 720. [The results suggest that phenylethanoid Xu Feng, Huang XuLong, Wu HongMei and Wang glycosides, particularly echinacoside, are XiangPei. 2018. Beneficial health effects of active constituents putatively responsible for lupenone triterpene: a review. Biomedicine & the anti-aging effects of C. tubulosa and may Pharmacotherapy 103: 198-203. [Noting that be considered to develop as non-peptidyl lupenone, which has various pharmacological analogues of ghrelin.] activities including anti-inflammatory, anti- Wu Chung-Shien, Wang Ting-Jen, Wu Chia- virus, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer and improving Wen, Wang Ya-Nan and Chaw Shu-Miaw. Chagas disease, without serious toxicity, occurs 2017. Plastome evolution in the sole in a range of families including hemiparasitic genus laurel dodder (Cassytha) Balanophoraceae.] and insights into the plastid phylogenomics Yahia, M.A. and 12 others including Babiker, of Lauraceae. Genome Biology and A.G.E. 2018. Laboratory and field studies of Evolution 9: 2604–2614. [As expected, the Trichoderma harzianum, bacterial strains and dodder look-alike has also experienced imazethapyr on Orobanche crenata Forsk reductions in its plastome size (114.6 kb) infesting Vicia faba. Asian Journal of compared to other Lauraceae (150-157 kb). It Agriculture and Food Sciences 6(6): 209-217. has lost its inverted repeat and pseudogenized [T. harzianum applied in the planting hole ndh and rpl23 genes.] and imazapyr applied at planting time, each, *Wu HaiWang, Feng YiHui, Wang DongYing, on their own, or in combination with Bacillus Qiu WeiYu, Yu QingYing, Yang LiLin, megatherium var. phosphaticum and Liang Chun, Luo SongPing and Gao Jie. Rhizobium leguminosarum, delayed 2018. Effect of total flavones from Cuscuta emergence of O. crenata. T. harzianum alone chinensis on anti-abortion via the MAPK or in combinations also increased faba bean signaling pathway. Evidence-based biomass and grain yield.] Complementary and Alternative Medicine *Yahyaabadi, S.R., Honari, H., Abdolahi, M., 2018: ID 6356190. Aghaie, S.M. and Ebrahimi, M. 2019. (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/201 (Subcloning and expression of ML1-stxB 8/6356190/) [Results suggest that C. fusion gene of mistletoe lectin in E. coli and campestris mediates its anti-abortion effect production of its antibody in mouse.) (in HAUSTORIUM 76 46

Persian) Qom University of Medical Sciences hemiparasitic Taxillus species. Scientific Journal 12(12): Pe43-Pe52. Reports 7, 12834. [The complete chloroplast (http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-1920- genomes of two Taxillus species are reported en.pdf) [‘According to this study, ML1 (first for Loranthaceae) that are 121-122 kb protein has ribosome inactivating properties in size, smaller than relatives owing to the and STxB has adjuvant and carrier functions, loss of all ndh genes, ribosomal protein therefore, this recombinant protein can be a genes, tRNA genes, ycf genes, and the infA candidate vaccine against ML-1 toxin of gene.] Shigella dysentery, which its antibody can be Yirgu, A. 2019. Coffee plants and coffee-shade used as identifier.’] trees: mini review. In: Esayas Mendesil, Yang ShengZehn, Chen ZiXuan, Chen ChienFan Gezahegn Berecha, Getachew and Chen PoHao. 2018. Striga crispata sp. WeldeMichael, Kifle Belachew and Taye nov. (Orobanchaceae), a new hemiparasitic Kufa (Eds.). Proceedings of the Ethiopian species from Taiwan. Taiwania 63(4): 287- Coffee Science Society (ECSS): Enhancing 291. [It most closely resembles, S. parviflora Conference 7,8 April 2017, Jimma, Ethiopia, (R. Brown) Benth, but can be differentiated pp. 161-168. [A brief review, recording that by longer corollas that are pink or pinkish mistletoes affecting coffee and/or its shade purple in color, corolla-lobes with crispate plantsin Ethiopia included Viscum triflorum, margins, and an ornamented seed surface that V. congolense, V. tuberculatum, is only covered by the primary ridge. A Phragmanthera macrosolen, P. regulans, P. detailed description and photographs dscallensis, Korthalsella japonica and included.] Englerina woodfordioides. Noting that heavy *Yang TianQuan, Yu Qian, Xu Wei, Li DeZhu, infestation of coffee itself could lead to Chen Fu and Liu AiZhong. 2018. serious loss of yield.] Transcriptome analysis reveals crucial genes *Yoneyama, K., Xiaonan Xie, Yoneyama, K., involved in the biosynthesis of nervonic acid Nomura, T., Ikuo Takahashi, Tadao Asami, in woody Malania oleifera oilseeds. BMC Akiyama, K., Mori, N, Kusajima, M and Plant Biology 2018(18): 247. Nakashita H. 2019. Regulation of Yatoo, M.I., Umesh Dimri, Arumugam biosynthesis, perception, and functions of Gopalakrishnan, Archana Saxena, Wani, S.A. strigolactones for promoting arbuscular and Kuldeep Dhama. 2018. In vitro and in mycorrhizal symbiosis and managing root vivo immunomodulatory potential of parasitic weeds. Pest Management Science Pedicularis longiflora and Allium 75: 2353-2359. carolinianum in alloxan-induced diabetes in (https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5401) [A ‘mini- rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 97: review’ discussing SL biosynthesis and 375-384. [This is the first study to show that perception inhibitors that effectively reduced P. longiflora ethanol extract has more potent numbers of attached root in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory parasites Orobanche minor and Striga activities than A. carolinianum, especially in hermonthica without affecting their host alloxan-induced diabetic rats. However, plants; tomato and rice, respectively. AM further research is needed to identify the colonization also enhanced plant resistance to different molecular mechanisms involved in pathogens.] mediating this immunomodulatory response.] Yoo JaeMyung, Park KwangIl and Ma JinYeul. Ye Ying, Song YaNan, Zhuang JuHua, Wang 2019. Anticolitic effect of Viscum coloratum GuoYu, Ni Jing and Xia Wei. 2019. through suppression of mast cell activation. Anticancer effects of echinacoside in American Journal of Chinese Medicine hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model and 47(1): 203-221. [V. coloratum has been used HepG2 cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology as a traditional medicine for treatment of 234(2): 1880-1888. [Determining the mode inflammatory diseases in Korea but its effect of action of echinacoside as due to decreasing on inflammatory bowel was unknown. This the expression of triggering receptors study confirms anticolitic action of V. expressed on myeloid cells 2, and coloratum through inhibiting the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling.] mast cells. Hence it may be useful as a Ying Li and 8 others. 2017. Gene losses and phytomedicine or functional food for partial deletion of small single-copy regions inflammatory bowel disease.] of the chloroplast genomes of two HAUSTORIUM 76 47

Yu Runxian, Zhou Songyan, Zhou Qiujie, Liu Smicronyx sp. galls on Cuscuta campestris. Ying and Zhou Renchao. 2019. The complete Planta 248(3): 591-599. [Studying the chloroplast genome of a hemiparasitic plant metabolic activity within the galls of Tolypanthus maclurei (Loranthaceae). Smicronyx on C. campestris and the way it Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4: 207-208. [Yet differs from other tissues.] another short paper reporting the basics on Zagorchev, L.I., Albanova, I.A., Tosheva, A.G., the plastome of Tolypanthus which is 123.5 Li JunMin and Teofanova, D.R. 2018. kb in size having lost most ndh genes.] Salinity effect on Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Yuan LangXing, Wang JianHua, Chen ChaoRui, parasitism on Arabidopsis thaliana L. Plant Zhao KunKun, Zhu ZhiXin and Wang Physiology and Biochemistry 132: 408-414. HuaFeng . 2108. Complete chloroplast [The mutual adaptation of the parasite-host genome sequence of Scurrula notothixoides pair to salinity slightly altered the regular (Loranthaceae): a hemiparasitic shrub in response to abiotic stress of A. thaliana, but South China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B no detrimental additive effect of biotic and 3(2): 580-581. [Another short paper reporting abiotic stress was observed.] the basic results of sequencing the plastome Zaheer Abbas, Jan Alam, Khan, S.M., Manzoor of this mistletoe which is 123.8 kb in size.] Hussain and Abbasi, A.M. 2019. Diversity, *Yuan PengFei, Li JinYu, Aipire, A., Yang Yi, ecological feature and conservation of a high Xia LiJie, Wang XinHui, Li YiJie and Li montane flora of the Shigar valley JinYao. 2018. Cistanche tubulosa (Karakorum Range) Baltistan region, phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis Northern Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of in H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells Botany 51(3): 985-1000. [Among 346 through both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling specied identified, Pedicularis staintonii is pathways.BMC Complementary and listed among the endemic and critically Alternative Medicine 18(275). endangered.] (https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedce Zeid, M.M. and Komeil, D.A. 2019. Same-hill ntral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-018-2201- intercropping of different plant species with 1) [Results suggest that C. tubulosa faba bean for control of Orobanche crenata. polyethanoid glycosides suppress H22 Alexandria Science Exchange Journal hepatocellular cancer cell growth through 40(2):228-238. [Fenugreek and radish each both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis inhibited germination of O. crenata to some pathways.] extent when grown with faba bean in vitro. Yue GarLee, Wong LokSze, Leung HoiWing, Fennel did not. Under farmer’s field Gao Si, Tsang YuenShan, Lin ZhiXiu, Tse conditions, however, no benefit was ManKit and Lau BikSan. 2019. Evaluation of observed.] the safety profiles of estrogenic Chinese Zervas, A., Petersen, G. and Seberg, O. 2019. herbal medicines in breast cancer. Mitochondrial genome evolution in parasitic Phytomedicine 56: 103-117. [Looking into plants. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19: 87. the possible adverse effects of Cynomoium [The mitochondrial gene content of 11 deserticola when used to treat breast cancer. hemiparasitic and holoparasitic plants Results reasonable reassuring but ‘the showed that they do not have significantly potential harmful effects of estrogenic higher substitution rates than autotrophic Chinese herbal medicines on breast cancer plants.] growth should be verified in both cell-based Zhang Hong, Xiang Zhou, Duan Xin, Jiang and tumor-bearing mice models.’] JuanLi, Xing YiMing, Zhu Cheng, Song Yuliandra, Y., Armenia, A., Arief, R., Jannah, Qiang and Yu QinRong. 2019. Antitumor and M.H. and Arifin, H. 2019. Reversible anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides hepatotoxicity of Cassytha filiformis extract: from Cistanche deserticola extract on spinal experimental study on liver function and cord injury. International Journal of propofol-induced sleep in mice. Molecular Biological Macromolecules 124: 360-367. Plant 12(1): 44-58. [Confirming that a C. [Finding that oligosaccharides from a C. filiformis extract is toxic to the liver in mice, deserticola extract was effective against but the toxicity is reversible at certain doses.] inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis Zagorchev, L.I., Albanova, I.A., Tosheva, A.G., in spinal cord injury male albino rats.] Li JunMin and Teofanova, D.R. 2018. *Zhang XinHua and 10 others. 2019. Metabolic and functional distinction of the Identification and functional characterization HAUSTORIUM 76 48

of three new terpene synthase genes involved in chemical defense and abiotic stresses in Santalum album. BMC Plant Biology 19(115): 28 March 2019. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12 870-019-1720-3) [Results results suggest the ecological importance of three new SaTPS genes in defensive response to biotic attack and abiotic stresses in S. album.] Zhao Shuyi, Li Jialiang, Ma Rui, Miao Ning, Mao Qiyun and Mao Kangshan. 2019. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Taxillus nigrans. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4: 472-473. [Yet another short paper reporting on the plastome of yet another species of Taxillus which is 121.4 kb in size. See also Li et al. (2017).]

HAUSTORIUM 76 has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email [email protected]), Lytton Musselman, Parasitic Plant Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk Virginia 23529- 0266, USA (fax 757 683 5283; Email [email protected]) and Hinanit Koltai, Dept of Ornamental Horticulture, Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel ([email protected]) with valued assistance from Koichi Yoneyama, Utsunomiya University, Japan, and from Dan Nickrent, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA. It is produced and distributed by Chris Parker and published by Old Dominion University (ISSN 1944-6969).

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