Volume 1 Number 1 March 1980 the Manitoba Women’s newspaper

Candidates cringe, feminists fume by Tanya Lester Less than a week before the pertaining to the establishment of recent federal election, sManitoba women uniform divorce laws across the country were given the opportunity to measure because of "personal" reasons. It can the weaknesses and strengths of the only be assumed that, influenced by his three major political parties' policies religions background, he is opposed to concerning rights for 51% of the country's divorce entirely. In parliament, it would population. be absurd to assume Epp would even At least, it has to be assumed the three discuss making divorce laws equal men -- Jake Epp, Stanley Knowles, and throughout the provinces. -who participated in the When asked his views on making debate, sponsored by the Action therapeutic abortions equally accessible Committee on the Status of Women to women in all parts of , Epp (MACSW) and held February 12, were admitted to being a Pro-Life member, representative of their respective parties. which is an organization passionately With the possible exception of Epp from against permitting abortion for any the Conservatives, these members of reason. parliament are often supported for their Nor did he relent after having his personal popularity-rather than their party arguments refuted by feminist Leslie affiliation.Their constituents tend to vote Campbell. But he did say his party for Stanley or Lloyd, not for . '.'would leave abortion up to the the NDP or Liberals. conscience of the individual." However, But according to Sally Shoo(el, if the "individual "should choose to have chairperson and the evening's moderator, an abortion, men at the explain where the politicians were not picked to be she would, "We get it if facilities were "roasted". "These are powerful men not available in her area. The provincial within their parties," Shrofel said. wing of his party refuses to finance a "Hopefully, they will become our allies in reproductive center for Manitoba. . We can go to them afterwards Epp skirted the issue of women and say remember when you said this." receiving' equal pay for work of equal As a result, the debate turned into more value to that done by their male co- of an"ask the candidates" night. However, workers. He said his department (until the format did not matter so much as the the election he was Minister of Indian. responses MACSW and the three and Northern Affairs) had re-examined feminist panelists were able to solicit from the positions female employers the men. And considering they are all Occupied in it. He felt the government politicians, the MPs were coaxed into could "use the power of example" to saying quite a bit. influence other employers into Judging from the answers Epp was giving advancing women to higher positions concerning the six women's issues with bigger paycheques. Although addressed- during the debate, he was Clark's government has to be definitely the most unsympathetic of the commended for giving women better three men concerning rights for women. positions in the civil service, Epp made He refused to answer a .question a false assumption. Without laws, continued 7

Women at work, women against violence Winnipeg celebrates Women's Day by Martina Freitag Winnipeg women's groups shook off the winter doldrums in good time for plenty of march. discrimination were all touched upon. International Women's Day celebrations this "Women unite and take back the night" the The Nelly McLung Theatre Group and year. poster called out, and the coalition of musician Barb Dennett kept the University The Women's Building started its first Women Against Violence certainly were of Manitoba campus hopping with not one " The women birthday celebrations with a premiere successful during the march along Portage but two recitals there apiece, as the U of M performance of the Painted Ladies rendition Avenue on March 8. The Winnipeg Women in the Law committee an .the U of chanted, Yes of "Women at Work" and a fundraising dinner Committee Against Violence Towards M Women's Centre sponsored these and on March 7th. Workshops from the Women In Women (as it's formally known) and the other activities,. CJUM radio, also situated Trades, a social Sunday . brunch and open Women's means yes, No house rounded out their presentations. Awareness Centre co-sponsored that on campus, had a very successful day of Perhaps the most exciting event for these of event. - women's music means no, us who remember last year's march (and The violence against women theme was March 7th. Earlier in the week the Painted those who note with horror the increasing also played out in the Web.b Place YWCA Ladies featured the Manitoba premiere of" However we attacks on women in their areas) was the panel discussion on different aspects of The Late Snow, Manitoba's first all lesbian reclaim the night violence against women. play And just wait until next year! Or, to dress, Wherever Sexual harassment, rape and battering, say it more rhetorically, "the struggle racism, war and facism, povertv and continues." we go! The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March 15, 1980 Page 2

commercials viewed objectional, the journal points out. WOMEN'S ORGANSATIONS Nelligrams have estimated that employers gain well over 3 million extra profits every year by-paying ONE OUT OF TEN Canadian draws upon us. Union lobbying less than men for work of equal women -- an estimated 50,000 would put some pressure on the value, according to Union women are beaten by husbands federal government over these Women. or housemates, a recently points, the conference decided.. Present legislation guarantees Bulletins released report shows. The DOMESTICS WORKERS have equal pay for equal work, not advisory Council on the Status of formed a full-scale joint work of equal value. In landmark Success Seminar for Women in Women report says women have lobbying group to force the Gays for Equality case in the Maritimes, 6 Counselling Unit is sponsoring Business: Wednesday, April 9, few alternatiVes in leaving these federal government to ensure registered nurses . for the first a lecture tour on the topic of 8:15 a.m. -- 4:30 p.m., Winnipeg situations police are hesitant to immigrant women basic rights time won equal pay from the "Homosexulity in the Convention Centre. interfere in family disputes, and such as minimum wages, set federal government for doing Family". Seminar Leader: Dru Scott, Ph.D. Canadain law states that a hours of work and overtime pay. Registration fee: $60. Call essentially the same work as woman cannot prosecute her "The most obvious example of Tuesday,. March 18", 11:40 943-6461 for further male health technicians. husband for rape. The report exploitation in the paid .a.m., , information. Hopefully this trend will continue suggested directing more money workforce is domestics," Rooms 343-544, University Women's Employment in other cases... to transition houses and Francis Gregory, a Centre. Counselling Service and the compiled by Marlina Freitag distributing more information spokesperson for a Toronto Women's Bureau are Thursday, March 20, 8:00 cosponsoring an" 8 week pamphlets as two short term group told a recent Ottawa p.m., . exploration course on "PreTrades organizing meeting. solutions. Training for Women" in April or WOMEN TODAY must continue CANADIAN ADVERTISORS Speaker: Betty Fairchild, May. Call 943-0473 or 944-3476 to fight for equality in the are gearing up to fight the founder of the Parents of for further information. workplace but the added sexism "censors", a January Gays Organizations. The Caesarean Birth Support responsibility of battling the public issue of a trade magazine Group is surveying parents' sector's layoffs and cutbacks "reports. attitudes toward their Caesarean have hurt women more than men. "Advertising is facing a new and The Manitoba Action birth in Manitoab hospitals. If you This was the message received serious threat at this time from Committee on the Status of have had a child by caesarean Women is sponsoring three to by 75 delegates who attended a those women who seem to section and are willing to four evening sessions on: complete a questionaire or simply Portage La Prairie conference believe that advertising should "Feminism: what that means require further information, call be forced to help women in their sponsored by the Canadian for me and how it affects my Lois at 284-5428 after 5 (outside Union of Public Employees fight for equality," the January The Manitoba Women's life". of Winnipeg call collect) or write: 28 issue of Marketing reads. (CUPE) Equal Rights" and Newspaper thanks the people First session: Wednesday, P.O. Box 164, Postal Station A, Opportunities committee last The Canadian Radio and whose generosity made this March 26th, 7:30 p.m., Winnipeg, R3K 2AI. December. Women in the future Telecommunications issue possible. They are: Brian YWCA, 447 Webb Place, would be pressured even more to Commissions" task force on sex Dewalt, Linda Gouriluk, Winnipeg. stay at home and out of the job stereotyping in the broad cast Maude Lelond, Michael Facilitator: Brenda Elliott market, as the predicted media found 32 out of 35 McEvoy, Claris Nicholson, Registration: Call 943-0381 economic depression current and The Uniter election poll. (ext. 44). No fee. Congratulations on your achievement! -- .~ Life, Health, Group Insurance, Annuities, The Winnipeg Committee Pension Plans Against Violence towards Women is spo.., MRS. SIMONE SCOTT weekend seminar on VIOLENCE TOWARDS WOMEN AT Field Underwriter The Women's Building NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 730 Alexander Ave. 1616 Richardson Bldg. 1 Lombard Place March 28,29, 30. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0X3 Pre-registration is a must. To register for part or all portions of seminar, telephone 786-2363 on Mondays, Bus 942-6311 Res 452-4440 Wednesdays or Fridays.

Oliver & Derksen Law Offices Jill D. Oliver, LL.B. Hercut Membership Mary Rose Derksen, B.A. LL.B. Regular Half Men'sCut Real Estate Josephine M. Young, B.A. LL.B. $12.00 $ 6.00 Women's transactions Wills and 433 Stradbrook Avenue (Osborne Village) Cut Estates Family Law $15.00 $ 7.50 Perm General Practise 453-6347. $30.00 $15.00 Cut-Perm 203-333A Main Street, Mastercharge/Chargex $45.00 $22.50 Henna accepted Phone us if Steinbach, Manitoba $10.00 $ 5.00 Coiour you need more 326- 1607 $10.00 $ 5.00 Luminize information 100M Polo f $10.00, $ 5.00 Streaks Park Shopping Centre $50.09. Winnipeg R3G 0W4 $25.00 Style (Iower level, opposite KINESIS news about women that's not in the dailies $ 6.50 $ 3.25 Condition ~Sears) Alice Steinbart Kinesis is published ten times a year by $ 5.00 $ 2.50 For one 774-3578 Vancouver.Status of Women Subscriptions: year, this membership The Law Office Individual offers you half-price on $ 8 any hair care. Members of VSW Membership fee $15.00. $10 Open 9:00 A.M.-P.M., Institutions Monday to Saturday. $15 507 Sargent Avenue Sustainers 774-9058 $50 (installments welcome) [] Payment Enclosed 17 Bill Me Make cheque or money order payable to: The Manitoba Action Committee on the Status of Kine~l= Women 447 Webb Place Vancouver Status of Women 1090 West 7th Avenue R3B 2P2 Winnipeg, Manitoba 943-0381 Vancouver, B.C. V6H 1B3 MEMBERSHIP OPEN TO ANYONE CONCERNED ABOUT THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN MANITOBA. Page 3 The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March 15, 1980 Page 3

The Law Column by Alice Steinbart Much has been said about family law and most often this subject has been seen as a woman's issue. But it is really of as much importance to men as to women, and men s views o the subject can range from appallingly sexist to funny. Of the appallingly sexist views there are an enormous number of examples. There was the male legislator who said during the family law lobbying "I'm not going to share my bank account with my wife." Or the judge who, in deciding one case dealing with the division of assets acquired during the marriage, said he wasn't going to take away the husband's business because the husband so loved money it would be a hardship on him. And then there are the funny comments. "She left me with the car payments", one man said, while relating to me the hardships he suffered before his separation. I enquired if she had left him the car too, and he replied "yes". He also believed he had grounds for divorce due to cruelty because his wife was workaholic. When asked how that affected their lives, he replied, "When I come home ! have to make all the meals, wash my clothes and even her clothes." Many men, however, are surprised and deeply hurt when a separation takes place. They have, they believe, met all their responsibilities by Women centres get nowhere sharing their income. They cannot understand why this hasn't been enough. concern with the Centre's which we received some With the pressures and demands they have had to meet daily to potential political- stance. donations of hard-cover acquire this income their own lives have been difficult. Their by Linda Wilson Following the Although there are many books; we now have tw.enty. wives appear to have ignored these difficulties. Very few lead established at many other advocates of the proposed We took out five subscriptions husbands view marriage from the wife's perspective. Her Canadian universities students at Women's Centre, the present All our literature was unhappiness with life is interpreted as an expression of the, Universities of Winnipeg and situation is not encouraging. categorized and filed properly. selfishness or coldness. Manitoba have recently attempted Shelly Greschuk is leaving next We designed and produced Although women are perhaps more likely to understand how to organize women's centres. year and so the Centre will lose posters and a pamphlet. Our Prompted by many factors, this her energy and knowledge of the exi~,tence was announced in their husbands view life, they too form many false impressions. organization has been made more institution. Others are already the social services manual and They see, in many cases correctly, that he is very much urgent by incidents of sexual tiring of being defeated before we had contacted over concerned with matters of money and assets. They do not see harassment at the University of they have a chance. one hundred women's the insecurity and fear, the hurt and the vulnerability that Winnipeg and the declining The University of Manitoba organizations, such as the accompany those other concerns. enrollment of women at the Women's Centre has had limited Women's Bureau.the centre Perhaps he fears being pushed around by her. Perhaps he fears University of Manitoba. success in becoming established. prepared itself to handle losing control of his life. Whatever the reasons for his behaviour The respective projects were The women's complaints, crisis calls and to they view his attempts to protect himself as evidence that he’s begun roughly two years ago. begin holding meetings," she being his usual mean self. Advocates at each institution wanted a Women's Centre to serve To a woman, success in the world can be achieved through her as a nucleus. A centre would be a children, in her role as a mother, if the children choose to live permanent allotted space and with her and, if she obtains custody of,them, her success is would house a library/information An administrator Said centre might assured. But to a man, most often success is equated to money service, and drop-in centre. At and assets -- an equation too often unrecognized by wives. present, the. University of Manitoba "'become a place for girls to discuss Marriage breakdown is emotionally destructive. To many people, Women's Centre has succeeded in their dates. "" it's an indication of failure. To prove he is not a failure, a man obtaining a small room which they may look to his assets -- the more valuable they are, the have made into a functional office. stronger his notions of self-worth, the greater his feelings of The.University of Winnipeg Centre success. He doesn't want to lose any of this "success" to his has not as yet been given the office intentions were initially rewarded said. for which it has been appealing for with a grant from their Student's Gouriluk described Council's wife. nearly two years. The Union. The grant was given one unsympathetic attitude toward the Men's views of marriage breakdown are very complex. administration has repeatedly year ago and before the end of Women's Centre as "perceptual.-- Often there is more underneath than they are prepared to show pleaded a shortage of space, the term the organizers had they don't see the need for the the world. Unfortunately, as a result, men have often been centre. You begin to think maybe although individual members have accomplished what they felt was stereotyped wrongly. often given more specific reasons that's the way it has to be. You Alice Steinbart is a Winnipeg lawyer excellent progress. think you're wrong." "To get pertaining to their lack of However they met an unforeseen enthusiasm for the project. established this way would take setback in the fall of last year years. It's hard enough now, but in was a large drop in enrollment. Shelly Greschuk, a student council Generally, there are twice as executive, said that -one when the Student's Union the coming years the population of Now who were l those people who many women as men going to administrator told her of his fear refused to give them the $1,600 women in universities will dropped ,' out?" Gouriluk does not school part-time. Also according that the centre would "become a requested by the Centre and cut decrease, because of the decline have a proof but she feels this to in arts (in which most women to general figures, there are now place for girls to get together and the grant back to $350, about be a prime example of the urgent ' enroll)." Gouriluk said Council's just as many women attending discuss their "dates." half the amount received last need for a Women's Centre - to lack of support in terms of a paid university full time. Greschuk has been unable to get year for two months. articulate the overlooked problems anywhere in her efforts to find a coordinator With the enrollment of women up "They questioned every item on of a very large home for the U of W. our budget including $30 for to 5O per cent, the reluctance of Centre. When the normal channels office supplies and coffee. But University institutions to aid failed she took the request to the what they were really asking was campus Women's Centres is Board of Regents, the highest striking. It can only be interpreted governing body in the University. in "why do you need a women's as another instance in the eternal the succeeding months, it has been centre and why do you need to through nearly every level of the be organized'?." said U of M Council thought the Women's exclusion of women .from bureacratic structure. Centre spokesperson Linda significant routes to power. Its handling has prompted criticism Gouriluk. Centre should and can be a Women have always been from one of the Board's own Gouriluk feels that the Council allowed to organize for the members. "They think it's a decision was flawed and based money making enterprise. benefit of community and church, nuisance thing." according to Dr. on the faulty concept.that the but when it comes to addressing Beth Candlish, also head of the Women's Centre should and can had serious implications for the segment of the university. She the social injustice and inequity Board's Review Committee on the fears that the squeeze be a money making enterprise. Centre in light of declining levelled specifically against them Status of Women; Candlish said enrollment and rising fees. precipitated on campus by they are denied a dignity of that it is typical of any large The women were told they had worsening economic condition "Students can't stay in school a political power taken by all men bureaucratic institution to bury to be established in order to get affects women more than long time since prolongment of as a right. continuous issues "hoping they will so much money and that a little programs with volunteer work is so men, especially in their ability The attitude exhibited by go away." skill and motivation would solve expensive. A worse position on the to organize. Greschuk also contends that she the problem. job market Is the result of finishing universities toward female had been told by another member, Gouriluk feels that they a degree a year or two later." it The University of Winnipeg students is critical not only of the Board's overlooked the fact that they did may he that the Student Council's Women's Centre points out because of their role as do tremendous amount of failure to perceive the need for a the financial inequity women exemplary institutions in society volunteer staff. (The Centre has Women's Centre is itself an face. Female students but primarily because they indication of that need. "In the first consistently earn less than supposedly teach us what we are been unable to convince Council men, yet they must pay as of the need for a paid year of cutbacks, the hundreds as people. The need for social long waiting list of U of M daycare much tuition. There is no coordinator, the most important change must be recognized here facilities disappeared. There student aid for part-time item on their budget). students of whom there are far or it won't be recognized at all. "We did a mail out from more women than men. The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March IS, 1980 Page 4

Editorial Rape boring? by Tanya Lester It almost seems women have become bored with the whole issue of rape. True, it has suffered overexposure as a topic of discussion at countless women's seminars and conferences. Every pro- feminist magazine and newspaper has featured articles on the subject. With the re-emergence of the women's movement, in the early 1970's, came talk about rape prevention. Women, in between stifling yawns, have begun to ask if there are not other more worthwhile, "new" causes on which we should be concentrating. But if women' shelve the issue of rape away in the backs of their minds, who will do anything about it? Without public lobbying, politicians are certainly not going to do anything to help prevent the crime. Elected right wing government officials won't answer their phones if they think the caller will be talking about rape. Left wing elected representatives get philosophical about the whole subject. Society has to change, they say. Of course, society has to change. But that's a long range plan. Meanwhile, women should not have to live in fear of being assaulted ,each time they venture out onto city sidewalks. To be fair, there have been candidates, of all political stripes, who have advocated immediate change to help prevent rape. They have suggested increased police foot patrol. But to date, few of these politicians have been elected to office: " However, women can work to alter this. We can vote for politicians who see things our way or we can lobby to persuade Abortion issue - elected politicians that changes must be made. Certainly Margaret Burnett from Carman,~ Manitoba would agree. A while ago, a letter she had written appeared in the Winnipeg Free Press. Burnett wrote, "The stabbing and rape of Mair cracks down in B.C. women in Winnipeg going about their own business during the VANCOUVER -- Rafe Mair is Federal abortion law permits The result of the vagaries of this past few months is nothing less than horrifying." She went on to personally opposed to abortion. "therapeutic abortion" when there is law is that there are enormous discuss a form of positive action which could be taken. Her Rafe Mair is the new minister of "a threat to the life or health of a disparities from region to region, conclusion read: "It would seem high time every woman in health in British Columbia. And woman." The law does not and from province to province. recommend how threat to life shouId Winnipeg, Manitoba and Canada, should deluge their MLAs, B.C. women are beginning to The law, in short, does not work. mobilize around the issue. be interpreted, and doesn't insist that MPs, city councils, attorneys general of their provinces and the Only about 20% of eligible Mair was alarmed to see the all hospitals establish therapeutic solicitor general at Ottawa, with letters expressing concern and number of legal abortions in B.C. abortion committees. hospitals in Canada perform calling for action to be taken immediately." If women was ten times above what he B.C. women became alarmed as abortions. grouped together and systematically took turns phoning and would consider a "normal" rate, some of the hospital abortion About 1,000 Canadian women, writing their elected members, we could not go without notice for and the highest rate, according to committees began" to reflect almost all of them from B.C., are very long. Added to this, women could hound government Statistics Canada, in the country pressure from anti-choicers on the going to Washington state" each representatives at town hall meetings, public debates, and -6 abortions for every 100 live committees approved 15, 25% less year for a same day abortion. It anytime they appear on open line talk shows. births in 1978). Reducing the abortions at two hospitals, with costs $130 and.no parental There are a variety of questions to ask each one of them. figure ten times would bring down comparative or worse figures at consent is needed for teenage others, as differing hospital rules and For example what does the politician feel about increased police to about 3 abortions for every 100 women. (In the Maritimes, where live births. Canada's national regulations tightened up. foot patrol? What is his or her view of the existing sex access to abortion is appallingly figure is 17.4 (compare, for Anti-choice strategy is this: education, programs in high schools? Should governments interest, the national U.S. figure of concentrate on disrupting access to difficult, it's always been New crack down on pornography? Should rapists be given parole 38.5). abortions at the smaller hospitals. York or bust). without undergoing intensive psychiatric treatment? Do rape Mair went on to say that he Eventually the major hospitals will be Pro-choice women posted public crisis centres need increased funds to operate more efficiently favours abortion only in swamped, unable to meet demand, service announcements at bus Under the law, should rape be made an assault rather than a "exceptional'i circumstances, but and will cut back too. stops and on telephone poles, sex crime? gave no more details of what were which outlined the issues and Most politicians will answer the questions in a vaguely positive "exceptions" and who would do featured a pregnant man posing manner. So, of course, the follow-up question has to be whether the deciding. the question: is this exceptional? they will work to impliment changes that will help reduce rape. Even if they say "yes", knowing the nature of politicians, women should not hold their breath until the governments do something about conditions. This month's staff: If politicians refuse to act fast enough, women have to start looking at doing something about rape themselves. The Co-Editors: Martina Freitag, Tanya Lester; Contributors: Kim Clare, Nancy Copeland, "Women Unite, to Take Back the Night" march, held on March 8 Wendy Craig, Brenda Elliott, Gall Friesen, Linda Gouriluk, Debbie Holmberg, Gene as part of this year's International Women's Day celebrations, Jamieson, Megan Lee, Heather Marshall, Michael McEvoy, Sandi McKnight, Sandi McNabb, Maureen Miller, Marni Pastuck, Val Perry, Sandra Smith, Alice Steinbart, Irene represents a start. The march is a step in the right direction Todd, Linda Williamson, Linda Wilson, Sue Wood because each woman who participated in or watched the event will be made to realize she is not alone in her beliefs. Also, people, in general, will become aware there are women who i he Manitoba Women's Newspaper is.currently operating out of 447 Webb Place, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2P2. seriously want to see a decrease in the violence they are For further information call Martina Freitag at 949-0295. Views expressed in this publication are those of the writer confronted with on the streets. and does not necessarily reflect The Manitoba Women's Newspaper's policy. Submissions are welcome. Editing Maybe women should look at developing a program similar to rights are reserved and submission does not guarantee publication. A self-addressed stamped envelope will ensure the Block Parent organization. People could exhibit signs in their thai submissions will be returned to the writer. Published ten times a year. Price: $5.00 per year, 60 cents per issue. windows. These would be places where women could run from an attacker and immediately phone the police. Learning Wen-do, the women's self defence course could certainly hell.. Manitoba Women’s Or women could start to patrol the streets themselves. In Ottawa, the Women's Centre at Carleton University started such the newspaper a program after the institution's security department refused to The Manitoba Women's Newspaper patrol areas where women had been harassed frequently. In this 447 Webb Place way, women might be able to force the hand of Winnipeg City Winnipeg, Manitoba council into providing more money for police foo[ patrol. Although no real changes have been made to help eliminate it, R3P 2P2 rape as an issue has been losing its impact. In order to Subscribe today decrease rapes, we have to start doing more than talking and (1 yr) 10 issues at $5.00 writing about it. We have to start actually doing something about rape and other related violence against women. I Please enclose cheque or money order. Name Address City/Town The aim of this newspaper is to provide an alternative means of communication with a feminist perspective in Postal Code order to stimulate, to inform, to effect change and to Phone unify women's strengths. It also serves as a public forum of discussion for the women of Manitoba. The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March 15, 1980 Page S

Money Wife's credit not worthy by Wendy Craig Many people pay lip service to "equality of the sexes” but fail to honour their so-called beliefs in practice. As an example: A working woman recently separated from her Rural job ghettos worse husband, applies to her bank for a personal loan -- and is turned down flat. The reason? She had no credit record in her By Nancy Copeland and Gail for men in rural areas, are much suggests, while far fewer women own name. The fact that she had borrowed money on previous Friesen -- more infrequent for women. are employed than men, a occasions, and from the same bank, made no difference. "She Women living in rural Manitoba Government and education greater proportion of men may be and her husband had always borrowed" jointly, and ironically have more difficulty finding Work positions are among the few employed in seasonal areas such the credit record had been maintained in her husband's name than men in those areas and professional outlets for women as agriculture and construction. only -- not hers. receive lower wages than their outside major centres. Often Department figures show in July The sad fact is that it is usually much more difficult for a woman female counterparts in the cities, married women with responsible 1979, 82.3 percent of the to get a personal loan, or obtain credit, than it is for a man. This according to Canada positions, when their husbands are 367,000 Manitoba men, over 15, can be the case even though a women may be earning just as transferred to rural areas, find few Employment Centre sources in participated in the labour force as much as her husband or her male contemporary, and even opportunities or, as in the case of though she may be every bit as responsible. The determining Morden. bank workers, experience loss of compared to 49.5 percent of the The sources say, while employers seniority. 384,000 women in the same age factor as far as the bank, or any other lender, is concerned, is are starting to change, sex-role Manitoba Department of Labour, bracket, in December 1979, the "credit worthiness." And credit worthiness -- logically enough -- sterotyping still influences the kind and Manpower statistics show about figure for men was 77.8 percent is largely based on the borrower's credit record. of jobs for which women are hired. half the women in Manitoba over 15 while women stood at 49.4 While most banks claim that their policy is equal credit This results in most women being years old participate in the percent. opportunity for all, some individual loan officers still believe the employed at. clerical or service provincial labour force. But unemployment rates are old theory about women borrowers not being as reliable as jobs while making wages However, participation rates for higher for women in the. men. generally lower than those in the women remain fairly steady summer than in the winter~ Last These loan officers sometimes request a man --= usually the throughout the year while fates for city. A rate of $3.50 an hour, even July 6.7 percent of the women m husband or father -- to co-sign a woman's loan application. men drop in the winter. The Sometimes they may even ask irrelevant personal questions for experienced woman workers, difference, according to some the province who wanted jobs is average, the sources say. sources, were unemployed as compared such as: "Are you planning on starting a family?" or "How long Low wages, especially among to 4.6 percent in December. do you expect tO continue working?" women, in-the country is Most women are perfectly capable of handling their own attributed to the lack of financial affairs,although they-may be a little out of practice. unionization. Employers tend to So it makes sense for any woman, married or single, to take pay less because, since a large charge of her own monetary matters; to budget, plan, save and pool of potential labour is always establish a sound credit record. But how can a woman ensure available in many rural areas, they that financial services (such as bank loans) will be available to are pressured to pay high her when she needs them? salaries. As a result, most women When a woman marries she usually loses her independent tend to hang on to jobs from fear credit history to her husband -- unless she takes positive steps of competition which is to prevent this. Keep in mind that any loan a husband and wife heightened due to the fact that jointly repay, or any credit account they jointly maintain, will most jobs require unskilled labour. reflect only on the credit record of the husband, even if the wife Opportunities for makes all the payments. So how does a woman correct this professional jobs, scarce even situation? The first thing a married woman should do when the couple is applying for a joint loan is to request that a credit record be maintained in both names -- not just the husband's. She should insist on this, as it is a good initial safeguard against possible problems in the future. Then after a couple has taken out, and repaid, several "loans, this will be recorded in the credit files of both the wife and the husband. Of course if the loan payments are late, or missed, or if the bank has to send out repeated reminders this will reflect adversely on the credit records. So it is advisable to make loan payments promptly on or before the due date, thus establishing- a reputation for reliability or credit worthiness. If you do not have a credit rating at the moment, and you wish to establish one, then here is what you should do: App.ly for one of the major credit cards (Visa or Mastercharge). When t~sed properly credit cards provide a good method of credit establishment (as well as interest free financing for up to 45 days). Alternatively take out a small loan with your bank, even if you don't need to borrow. Suppose you want to buy a car, or make another major investment, and you have enough cash in your savings account or in savings bonds to pay for the particular item, do not pay cash. Borrow the money instead, using your cash or bonds as collateral. Repay the loan promptly in accordance with the terms. Then once that loan has been repaid, takeout another one when circumstances warrant it. This way you will be More rural feminists establishing a good credit record in your own name. Remember that when you apply for a loan you are not asking for a favour. Borrowing money is a business transaction, so you BRANDON -- Rural women are groups.already in the area as should not feel intimidated by a loan officer, if you have a good becoming mote interested and well. more aware of women's issues, "We're finding," said Evenson, credit rating, then you can insist that this alone be the basis for says a past Outreach worker, "that there is an increasing the bank's decision to lend. Daniela Evenson. awareness in rural areas, by And if a loan officer is reluctant to lend you money, or if the "'Trends that occurred in an urban women, of status of women "interest rate seems out of line with the credit risk, don't hesitate area ten years ago divorces, issues. to go over his head and talk to the bank manager, or take your family break-ups -are beginning to "The women's movement started business to another bank: hit rural areas," Evanson said. about ten years ago in urban If you apply for a loan and are refuses, don't meekly accept "That's supported by the statistics areas, then spread to rural areas", "No" for an answer. Ask if you were refused because of your from the Westman Woman's she said. credit record, and if so, go to your local credit bureau and ask to Shelter on wife battering, and "In particular family law is an see your file. separation. A lot of the women issue that a lot of rural women are from December to June last Remember that any person may review his or her credit file on showing up at the Shelter are from interested in. They want to know year. On the basis of the request. The credit bureau can not refuse to show it to you. rural areas." what their status is under new considerable work accomplished it could be that incorrect information has crept into your file Evanson ought to know. As family law. As a result there's at that time further funding was Outreach worker for the Manitoba more interest in lobbying." through an error such as, for exmple, another borrower having made available for a similar Action Committee on the Status of "There are very limited resources the same name 'as yours, or simply through some clerical project this year. Women, she kept in contact with in a rural environment to deal with mistake. If there is an error in your file, point it out and have it Carol Potter has taken over the and provided services to about 40 this, and access to information corrected. And because erRors can happen, it's a good idea to position until the end of June. listed MACSW members, and about existing resources is check your credit record at least once a year. initiated further contact with more limited. Do you agree or disagree with than a hundred more people. The This is what we are concerned Daniela's statement? Write and job involves liason work with about." let us know what women's women's Funding was granted for a part- groups in your part o'f Manitoba time Outreach Worker from the are doing. We would like to hear Secretary of State from you. The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March 15, 1980 Page 6

Simple methods eliminate irritations

by Sandra Smith Thompson, women. If worried about smell, the movement and are breathing doctor should be familiar with so-called "intimate" these products or other problems, urge the good Manitoba Many women today best thing to do is to shower often grounds for germs. and change napkins regularly. Teenagers should be made effective medications. If he or doctor to do some homework. suffer from urinary and kidney There are also a few tricks to aware of the fact that wearing she isn't up on these common Reprinted from Why Women problems, as Well as vaginal bathing. A shower is the best to too tight a jean with a bulky infections. These problems can have if suffering from any of these seam that means constant Money questions "~ Q: A very close friend range from slight discOmfort problems, but if you really prefer a rubbing on the genital area became separated from her husband after thirty-six when urinating to recurring bath, there are a few simple steps will cause marly problems years of marriage. Besides losing her support, she has discharges. Besides being very to follow to insure your. which if left unattended will lost financial security along with her husband. At her age, annoying, many can develop protection against irritation First, require a visit to the she can no longer start to build for the future, therefore make sure the tub is clean and gynecologist. into more serious problems. faces poverty in her old age. This is not an isolated case, Many women can help in rinsed out well. Be careful with Following these simple how can women at home avoid this financial pitfall? preventing or aggravating most bubble baths and bath oils. if procedures will help eliminate you need something, use a squirt some problems and lessen these problems by being more A: In addition to ensuring that one has some marketable of baby oil in the tub or better yet, others. With persistent aware of certain products to skills, the woman at home could provide for her future by after your bath rub yourself down problems, seek out a doctor's investing extra household money and cash gifts in her avoid using or simple steps to with a moisturizer or oil. advice. Try several doctors, if follow in personal hygiene. . When soaking be sure to soak need be, until you get own name. Cross off coloured toilet paper. first. Immediately after satisfactory attention and As well, an argument can be made for a husband's The ingredients in the colouring care. People should be contributing to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan in will aggravate conditions in all responsible for their own his wife's name as well as his own. This has attractive of these bodies, and for teaching their children preventative health tax advantages in the present and in the future. A tax care methods. - deduction is available now for the RRSP contribution, However, doctors are and the money and interest earned is sheltered from tax responsible for providing until withdrawn from the Plan. health, care past the Ideally, one would make withdrawals in the form of income nts over several years when one's upon Coloured toilet paper will retirement for the husband, fe). The effect is splitting aggravate vaginal problems income ire and reducing taxes paid by the around the country are working home to contribute voluntarily to recognition of their productive d. If this legislation is instances in women, and washing with soap, rinse off well sometimes in similar male and out of the tub right away. amended, d also help secure the financial /or of problems as well. Also, Don't sit in a tub filled with soap Commerce (hons) and is oody and Company, a looking at the environmental suds as this will aggravate any chartered ,.~.concerning financial matters. angle, coloured toilet paper problem. will not decompose, and so is a Another- preventative hint lies in great pollutant. buying underwear. Only buy "Feminine" deodorant panties that have a cotton crotch. sprays (vaginal sprays) or Cotten helps absorb moisture scented napkins are other and allows air movement. Nylon products to avoid. They do and other synthetic materials more damage than good for prohibit

Committee ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN for taking the initiative to bring women’s issues to the fore during the 1980 Federal Election campaign. from STANDARD AUTO SPRING WORKS LTD. The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March IS, 1980 Page 7

Women fed-up with government studies

as his "baby" for the evening. He stated However, the NDP have always been, in continued from page 1 corporations, that abortion laws would not be such a principle anyway, very supportive of concerned mostly with profit margins, concern if adoption agencies and women's rights, in practice, as Axworthv will not advance women to higher daycare facilities were improved in the was quick to point out, the provincial paying jobs if women are willing to do province. Although failing to directly party has not fared so well. Axworthy the work for lower wages than men address the equal pay for work of equal alleged the NDP reneged on their policy would. value issue, Axworthy said if the federal concerning improved daycare when they The only promise Epp made government could "unlock the freeze" finally gained power in the province. When questioned on making the concerned the section of the Indian on daycare in the province, women accessibility of receiving therapeutic Act which allows native men to marry could participate more freely in the work force outside the home. If abortions equal throughout Canada, white women and maintain Knowles was strongest in his support. "I their treaty status while Indian women Axworthy is committed to doing anything for women while toting his am appalled at the idea of abortions but I loose their treaty rights when status .of women portfolio, it is to work don't think women should have to go to marrying white men. He said this for improved daycare in the province. back rooms to get them," Knowles said. particular section would be Axworthy, also, admitted he had not Apparently, he disagrees with Manitoba's ammended in 1980. But when supported his own party's bill that now NDP who supported the building of a congratulated by feminist panelist makes unemployment insurance more reproductive centre at its last convention Alice Steinbart, Epp backed up a bit difficult to obtain and hits women the only after the resolution was watered and said that the Conservatives hardest because many work on a part down to mean the support was only in principle and would not necessarily have would merely ensure the question time basis or are able to work for only to be supported practically. was presented to the House in 1980. short periods of time. But, concerning pensions for retired women, Axworthy Much of what the three politicians said He refused to reply to Steinbart's frustrated, and angered the audience but question on whether the amendment accused Knowles of being monetarily irresponsible when the NDP MP said each man promised at least one move if passed, would be considered he felt widowed women should receive he would make to help bring about retroactive. pensions equal to those of retired men. women's equality in Manitoba" Canada. Axworthy would not give a date After making the accusation, he went Epp, though in opposition now, can still Axworthy said the section of the act on to say that, with the increasing work to get a bill in front of the House should not be changed until the new number of old age pensioners, the which can amend the Indian Act to erase the prejudice it presently contains government has had a chance to whole subject should be approached that list." He could certainly coax the meet with Indian leaders to discuss on a non-partisan basis. If only he had towards native women. Axworthy must be reminded, before the Liberal Party NDP's friends in the Canadian Labour amendment of the whole act. He extended his argument to include all rests too easily on its majority, that he Congress to help him with this. neglected to put a date on this issues concerning Canadian women's But if these politicians are going to do equality to the country's men. might appease Manitoba voters by meeting, so hopefully the Liberals will increasing and improving daycare anything for the women's movement, not wait for over another decade Of the three politicians, Knowles was they have to be constantly reminded definitely the most agreeable. facilities in the province, through before making improvements in the changing the nature of block funding, as about the promises they made on "We think equality should be effective February 12. act. Nor did he mention that, like most right across the board," Knowles he promised. of the country’s leaders’, the majority Knowles should have his memory Ruth Brown, feminist panelist, put it replied to the question "concerning best when she warned the three men of Indian leaders are men who might jogged, into remembering, his promise Indian women's rights. at the end of the evening. She said, not consider that particular section of When answering the other questions, that women's issues would be on the top of the NDP's list after the election with "Women are fed-up with studies, the Act to be overly important. he seemed to continually echo this plans, and research projects. You For the most part, though, Axworthy statement until he became almost "equal pay for work o/" equal value on the top of gentlemen have promised us action seemed supportive of women's rights embarrassed that his ideas and we expect action -- no studies, no while using daycare corresponded so closely. with MACSW. plans, no research projects."

Birth control pill causes the "blues"

by Dr. Sue Wood This month I'd like to pass along some stuff that has come out recently on depression as a side effect of birth control pills. I'm not a terrific fan of the pill -- I think it is still in its experimental stages and many of the effects that all those ~dded hormones have on the body are as yet unknown. There is no doubt, however, that it works better than anything else currently available for preventing pregnancy and it's also definitely true that many women take them for many years with no side effects at all and no known complications. (This is especially true since the low-dose pills came out about five years ago. Low doses means less than 50 mg. of estrogen in each pill -- usually 30 or 35 mg. Check your pills to see how much estrogen is in them -- if you're not on a low dose pill, ask your doctor why. Occassionally the low-dose pills are not suitable for individual women. But all too often women are on unnecessarily high doses of estrogen for no reason at all or simply because that's what their doctor is used-to prescribing). Other women just never do well on the pill. One of the most frequently expressed reasons I hear for stopping the pill is that they felt "lousy" or irritable or moody or depressed. I think there is a tendency in the medical profession to pass this off as neurosis or hypochondriasis. There, are some people who opt for the simpler solution of blaming their woes on some external force, such as the pill, rather than facing up to the problems in their lives (we all cop out this one on occasion). But perhaps as many as one in four women taking the pill get feelings of increased irritability or depression and i don',~ have any doubts that most of the time, the feelings are real and related to the pill. The symptoms have a tendency to continue, sometimes getting progressively worse. And in some women these symptoms may begin so gradually that they don't think of the pill as a possible cause of their "blues". There are two things that i can suggest you try, short of going off the pill altogether. The first is to switch to a pill with a lower progesterone content -- this sometimes works and until recently was really the only other suggestion. Lately though, researchers have shown that taking the pill tends to cause deficiencies of several key vitamins. Several British and American studies have found that body stores of both vitamin 136 (pyridoxine) and folic acid (folate) decrease while on the pill and some of those studies link lower than normal values of these vitamins to the development of depression. There is a group of nutritionists at the University of Toronto that are now nearing completion of a pilot project counselling women about avoiding side effects of the pill through nutrition. They found that at three Toronto medical clinics, 62 of 145 pill users said they experienced an increase in depression, tiredness or irritability since starting the pill and are treating this by advising increasing intake of 136 and folate. There's no concrete data on this but the initial stuff looks promising..There's enough anecdotal evidence from individuals who have tried it and swear that it works that I think it's definitely worth a try. In terms of a dietary source, folate is found in liver, kidney, carrots, asparagus, mushrooms, broccoli, potatoes, cheese, bananas and spinach; and 136 is found in beef, sweet potatoes, bananas, lentils, green vegetables, wheat germ, soya products and fish. I have no definite information on how much is enough, If you're taking the pill, but not having these symptoms I would suggest making an effort to eat well from the list of foods that these vitamins are in. if you're feeling really "blah", ! suggest you get multivite tablets from the drugstore which contain a variety of B complex vitamins (especially B6) as well as a folate supplement, and take these in addition to trying to eat well. Five mg. of folate and five-ten mg. of 136 should be enough. The Manitoba Women's Newspaper March 15, 1980 Page 8

Kinnear successfully cracked the field

Neither was she by Heather Marshall and Tanya affected. "'Don't expect to go out and get However, Kinnear does admit that discriminated against by her Lester "Pople that bench job right away. women in mechanics could be classmates. "Sure, there was Almost every feminist has think auto mechanics really rake Wash cars, change tires, start at prone to more health problems some teasing, " she said, dreamed of landing a job in a in the bucks," Kinnear said, "but the bottom. It's the only way to than men. Because of the heavy "They'd ask me, "Hey, are you male-dominated field. nothing could be further from get in, " Kinnear said. lifting involved, people with sure you're in the right class." But take if from someone who the truth. No one tells you about "When I first started, i was "slighter frames can develop back And of course, they pulled the has sucessfully cracked the field; the hidden costs. For example, offered a job on the grease problems more frequently than "muffler bearing" joke on me. such a job may often fall short of you have to buy all your own rack," Kinnear said. "It wasn't a larger people do. "Lifting But they do il to the younger the dream. tools and they aren't tax very good job, but ! didn't want heavy transmissions for instance guys; too. I wasn't the only one Marilyn Kinnear, the first licenced deductible." A good set of tools to face my mother unemployed, can be hard on a person if she's running around looking for auto mechanic in Manitoba, can cost up to $5,000 Now so I took it." Kinnear spent only slight;" Kinnear said. "A good nonexistant muffler bearings." thinks a woman should not even established mechanics three weeks doing grease jobs place for a woman could be in a The real discrimination began choose these careers just to need to buy new sets of tools, to at Binkley Motors in Brandon place like tune-up. It's the light when she started looking prove something to men. match metric requirements. before she was promoted to a end of the job." There are also for a job. "Most places wanted "Many women drop out of the Kinnear advises Kinnear bench job. health hazards common to both me to work in the office. auto mechanics course because advises that a person with Kinnear decided she wanted to men and women. "In winter when Some car dealerships didn't they don't know what to expect," mechanical aptitude should be an auto mechanic when she the shop doors are open, ! find even take my application," she Kinnear said. consider heavy duty mechanics was in grade nine. “I had always my hands stiffening. I'm afraid of said. "I was beginning to feel "Work with someone or take or factory machine repair if he or wanted to be an airline developing arthritis like some of discouraged when Binkley evening courses. Be sure you she wants to make a decent stewardess, but I knew i didn't the others have," Kinnear said. Motors phoned me and offered know what you're getting into." living. At the present time, there fill the weight and height "When you've got to get under a me the grease rack job." Although Kinnear has her are many job openings for such requirements. Then when I was car, the cold wet cement can be No discrimination journeymen's papers, she feels mechanics. The demand is in grade nine I look an aptitude hard on your knees, too. But Now that Kinnear has a job as lucky to be making a little over presently so great, that often test which suggested that l was when the shop doors are closed, / a mechanic, she does not feel five dollars an hour on straight companies in these fields have best suited for auto mechanics. here's a real danger of exhaust discrimination in the time. (This means she is paid for to fly in experienced people That test always stayed in the fume inhalation." workplace. an eight hour day regardless of from other countries at back of my mind." she said. For these and other reasons, But Jocelyn Quigley, an how many cars she works on). considerable cost. Mother skeptical Kinnear Kinnear does not think .she will apprentice at a foreign car The average mechanic's wage in Kinnear thinks, although other maintains that her parents did work in an auto mechanics shop dealership, disagrees with her. Brandon is $7.25 an hour, but mechanics may disagree, that not discourage her from for the rest of her life. Quigley says the most are employed on a flat rate there is an oversupply of auto enrolling in the ten month auto Eventually, she would like to discrimination is there but it's basis. On this wage scale, the mechanics in Manitoba. mechanics course at Red River teach auto mechanics at a subtle. She thinks people mechanic is paid only for the She suggests that a mechanic College. Though Kinnear's technical high school or a expect her to make mistakes number of cars he or she fixes consider relocation to Alberta or mother has always viewed her community college. "Too many because she is a woman. each day. British Columbia, where there is daughter's career choice with people don't see the versatility in "They'll ask me Io change the If business is slow, the a higher demand. If the skepticism, her real support auto mechanics,'" she said oil and act surprised when I. mechanic"s pay cheque is mechanics graduate wants to came from her father. "Great," "Really,it's the kind of job that slay in Manitoba, he or she he said, "now I can gel lots of actually do it." Quigley said. could take you anywhere." should take any job available. he!p." Conference asks why farms go to sons

with people becoming spread so by Sandi McKnight of Selkirk survey indicated concern with in spite of long hours, studies of rural communities. Fay Lowes thin in various activities that they One hundred rural women was energy conservation and the law show farm women are "still discussed three areas which could as it affects farm women. become totally ineffective, and the optimistic prediction for the bound by (their) traditional social have the greatest impact on the To answer the" concerns as well no one else has the seminar, and 100 rural women pressures to provide a full range individual farm wife -- the Family expressed, MDA scheduled talks opportunity to learn. came. The seminar provided of household service too," Maintenance Act, the Marital by Lenore Rogers of the Following presentations by all a.unique opportunity for women to Rogers said. "The limitations Property Act, and wills and estates. Saskatchewan labor department's four speakers, separate areas share and discuss their needs, women's division; Fay Lewes, a imposed by this double workload Lowe's topic drew such a large were set up where participants questions, and ideas about the farm wife and lawyer with the firm is significant for rural women. response during the question could ask questions and discuss challenges they and their family- of Hirschfield, Hunt .in Brandon; Their heavy work load inhibits the period that she and Tonia their legal, cultural, social, or run operations will have to face Nadya Kostyshyn Bailey, a multi- freedom of many women to Rushall, comptroller of B and B record keeping problems with in , the 1980's. cultural coordinator with the pursue other interests which may Steel Ltd. of of Brandon were the speakers. Concerns and -Facilities were provided by the Manitoba Department of Tourism give them personal satisfaction scheduled to conduct an expanded and Cultural Affairs; and Pat questions, raised by the Agricultural Extension Centre in and benefit their community," she three-day two weekend workshop Graham who farms with her participants included: --not Brandon -- operated by the said. Other concerns raised by on legal and financial knowledge husband at Newdale. being able to receive a salary, Manitoba Department of Rogers included limited for women at the University from the family farm or business Agriculture (MDA) -- with centre occupational opportunities of ,Brandon. The workshop, unless it was incorporated principal Keith Smith responsible organized with the cooperation of --the lack of reliable help leading for the agenda which had been the Women's Bureau of the farm women must still provide to extra burdens for form wives drawn up after questionnaires department of labour, ran February and children --a likely gas were circulated among farm household work as well 22 and 23 and March 7 and 8. shortage which "could have a women. Pat Graham discussed the The program opened with Lenore and support structures such as drastic effect on farmers with Preliminary results of the life using partnership between a farm couple Rogers talking about the rapid day care, the physical distance large or widely scattered land the 1979 Canadian ,Rural as well as providing ideas for changes which have occurred in from larger communities holdings as well as the activities Development Council (CRDC) rural during the past 20 years. which have employment and making record keeping easier. She farm families participate in study on the present nature and Rogers looked at the difference where education centres are briefly outlined how women --changing the attitude that work extend of work done by women in between the myth and the reality located, and the dominance of become - involved as full partners as housewives is not important rural communities across Canada. of rural show 70% of all married the traditional attitude in a farming operation, what --how to adopt a new creative Rogers pointed out that rural farm women in Canada towards the role of wife and responsibilities are involved and role and drop the traditional role women approached life in a bold participating in the labour force, mother which can inhibit the how women can convince their including those working at paid exploration of alternative without a feeling of guilt --why and vigorous manner but quoted families that they are serious about labour as well as those who 20 solutions to these problems. farms go to "sons" --isolation the study as saying that more participating fully. hours per week upaid in a family Minimal training allowances and making an effort to get than any other single group, they Nadya Kostyshyn Bailey talked enterprise, Rogers told her for dependent spouses involved in the community continue to be "occupied in forms about cultural activities available audience. As well the CRDC discourage many women from --changing parental attitudes of labour that are receiving no study found that rural women seeking re-training, she said. t,o rural residents. about women and their roles -- direct financial recognition and spent 53 hours weekly on house The implication is that a She said what a person does as a developing a better which continues to be socially work, and if they worked in the women's work doesn't need to cultural or recreational activity understanding between rural undervalued." Work generally family business, the hours totalled be compensated, leading to depends on where they live and and urban residents --changing means the activities of those who 8 I. Women with full time jobs in women feeling that their work what they consider important. is not important. Rogers the image of homemaking so are active members in the paid the paid labour force and work in Women have to set priorities -- the family enterprise and concluded her talk with a call that women could provide these labour force. This implies that look at what they want to achieve, housework, worked 101 hours- for society's recognition of the skills for other women, for pay, anyone not paid for their labour Barley.said. per week, she said. If the job was value of women's work and and not consider it demeaning, does not work, she said. She said the biggest problem is part-time, the work week totalled greater representation for but rather a profession. Census figures from 1976 88 hours. women in the decision-making not knowing when to say "no". This processes that shape the leads to problems economic,and political future