E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1995 No. 86 House of Representatives

The House met at 10:30 a.m. and was lot of the responsibility for this has to it is going to create more jobs in the United called to order by the Speaker pro tem- be put at the doorstep of those who States. pore [Mr. KIM]. continue to mindlessly follow a trade Wrong, Mr. Speaker. We are losing f policy which came to maturity under jobs today to Mexico, $3.8 billion in 3 the leadership of in the months according to our own Com- DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO early 1980’s, following the dictates of TEMPORE merce Department. That means we lost an economist who has been dead for 200 76,000 United States manufacturing The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- years, , a man who never jobs in 3 months to Mexico. We are fore the House the following commu- saw an airplane, never even saw a headed more toward a loss of 250,000 or nication from the Speaker: steam engine. Yet this man dictates 300,000 jobs in 1 year to Mexico, and we WASHINGTON, DC, the trade policy of the United States of are paying $20 billion of taxpayers May 23, 1995. America. money for that privilege. And now we I hereby designate the Honorable JAY KIM Only two countries in the world fol- want to extend that to Chile and other to act as Speaker pro tempore on this day. low Adam Smith’s trade theories. We NEWT GINGRICH, countries in South and Latin America are both international basket cases: and we want to do it in such a way that Speaker of the House of Representatives. the United States of America and f Congress will not be allowed to work Great Britain. In fact Great Britain is its will, will not be allowed a single MORNING BUSINESS the only country, major country we are amendment on the floor of the House. running a trade surplus with. And it is The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- time to revisit and review these poli- Why would the Speaker of the House ant to the order of the House of May 12, cies. You cannot run a trade deficit of Representatives want to give away 1995, the Chair will now recognize every year, year after year, any more the authority to amend a bill on the Members from lists submitted by the than you can run a national deficit floor that has such a dramatic impact majority and minority leaders for every year, year after year without on the economy of the United States? morning hour debates. The Chair will having someday to pay the horrible Yet that is what he is advocating. He alternate recognition between the par- price. We are paying that price today. wants to give , our Presi- ties, with each party limited to not to There was a $160 billion trade deficit dent, a man who he constantly derides exceed 30 minutes, and each Member last year, according to the Commerce authority to bring forward a bill, nego- except the majority and minority lead- Department. That means we lost 3.2 tiated in secret, which will extend er limited to not to exceed 5 minutes. million American manufacturing jobs. these disastrous trade policies with no The Chair recognizes the gentleman And now the North American Free- opportunity for amendment on the from Oregon [Mr. DEFAZIO] for 5 min- Trade Agreement, the latest example floor of the House or the Senate. utes. of the extension of this disastrous pol- Why is he doing this? Because he is f icy, for the first 3 months of this year serving the same masters, the same THE TRADE DEFICIT the United States ran a $3.8 billion masters that have been dictating the trade deficit with Mexico, at the same trade policy of this country for 20 Mr. DEFAZIO. Mr. Speaker, at the time that we had to give them $20 bil- years. That is multinational corpora- end of last week, we got the first quar- lion of our hard-earned money to bail ter’s trade numbers for the United tions, foreign corporations, and big out their economy. And this is consid- business. They are doing well. They are States, with its trading partners. The ered a success. It is such a success that news was grim. We are continuing to doing very well, thank you very much. Speaker GINGRICH is calling for an ex- It just happens to be a disaster for pile up record deficits with virtually tension of the North American Free- our economy because of the mounting all of our trading partners around the Trade Agreement to other basket case trade deficits. A disaster for American world. economies in South America and Latin As everybody knows, a little earlier workers because we are exporting their America. this year, in part those record trade I quote: jobs, and now a disaster for the United deficits led to a plummeting of the States Treasury because we are even Unequivocally, I strongly favor adding value of the United States dollar ver- Chile to the North American Free-Trade having to pay Mexico for the privilege sus the yen and the German mark. The Agreement and then continuing beyond Chile of exporting our jobs there. And the dollar has recovered a bit but still is at to step by step expanding our regional com- Speaker wants to extend that policy near post-World War II historic lows. A mitment because it is good for America and because it is such a success.

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

H 5379 H 5380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 He wants to work hand in glove with amendment that will put an end to ca- bills. And the final third represent peo- the Clinton administration in these ef- reer politicians once and for all. ple, our parents, grandparents who are forts. I will do all I can as one Member f in nursing homes and other facilities of this House of Representatives to who do not have the resources left in stop this disastrous policy before it is MEDICAID their savings accounts to take care of extended any further, in fact, to repeal The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under themselves. the past mistakes we have made, in- the Speaker’s announced policy of May So when you say we are going to cut cluding the North American Free- 12, 1995, the gentleman from Illinois Medicaid, you are not just hitting so- Trade Agreement. [Mr. DURBIN] is recognized during called welfare low-income families; you f morning business for 5 minutes. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Speaker, I would are also hitting the elderly and the dis- TERM LIMITS like to share with the people who are abled. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under listening this morning an experience As I went and visited nursing homes the Speaker’s announced policy of May which I had in my district yesterday in my district yesterday, it was an eye 12, 1995, the gentleman from Nebraska which I hope that all of you will reflect opener to talk about what it will mean [Mr. CHRISTENSEN] is recognized during on because it is the outgrowth of a vote if the Republicans prevail and cut $188 morning business for 3 minutes. last week on the floor of this House of billion out of Medicaid. It means less Mr. CHRISTENSEN. Mr. Speaker, Representatives which could have an money coming from the Federal Gov- yesterday the American people wit- impact on every family in the United ernment through these families into nessed our system of Government in States. nursing home care. action when our unelected, unrepre- What happened last week is that this What will be the ultimate result of sentative, life-tenured Supreme Court House of Representatives passed a that? Well, I can tell you, it is not very by 1 vote struck down term-limit laws budget resolution. That is a spending promising; what is involved here, un- in 23 States. In an 88-page dissent, Jus- plan for the next year. In fact, in this fortunately, is that a lot of people in tice Thomas said: ‘‘Nothing in the Con- case it was a spending plan for the next nursing homes today literally, literally stitution deprives the people of each 7 years. Those who supported that state of the power to prescribe eligi- budget resolution, I was not among survive because of Medicaid payments. bility requirements for the candidates those, suggested that we could reach a If those payments are cut, it raises a who seek to represent them in Con- balanced budget by the year 2002 if we serious question about what happens to gress.’’ The Constitution is silent on have certain cuts in spending. And these people. this question. they proposed those cuts as part of the I guess even equally important for Today’s liberal New York Times has package. the younger folks in the audience here, an article in here. It says: ‘‘Congress The reason that I opposed that plan the responsibility is then their fami- Members Off Hook on Re-election.’’ as presented by Speaker GINGRICH and ly’s. If the Government does not make Wrong. First of all, the author of this his Republican allies was the fact that an adequate payment to the nursing article goes on to state: ‘‘By nullifying it included a substantial tax cut, pri- home, who then is going to pay the bill term limits imposed by the States, the marily to the wealthiest people in this for the parent or grandparent there Supreme Court in effect handed each country. In order to pay for that tax who needs a helping hand? Member of Congress a ‘get out of jail cut, it cut many of these spending pro- free’ card.’’ grams more deeply. In fact, the pro- This, I think, is a serious personal I guess one thing that we learned is grams that are hit the hardest are the concern for all of us. Right now Medic- that yesterday’s elections do matter. health care programs, Medicare and aid pays one-half of all nursing home President Clinton, elected by a mere Medicaid. care in the United States. If we take plurality in 1992, appointed two mem- What the Republicans have done is to that and put it in perspective, when we bers to this high court that decided create a piggy bank with cuts in Medi- cut back in Medicaid, we are putting a they knew best. Both Justice Breyer care and Medicaid to pay for their tax real burden on an industry that is labor and Justice Ginsburg said that States cut package. And that is the part that intensive, and frankly we want to do a do not know right from wrong, that the I find objectionable. This is not a sole- very good qualify job. If they cut back Supreme Court knows how to set the ly partisan view, although most Demo- in the quality of service, every single law better when they voted against 23 crats share my point of view. In fact, in one of us is concerned that that elderly States. the Senate, the Republican leaders person who needs help the most will be Second, people do matter. Last fall there have many misgivings as well as put in a perilous situation. the American people sent a clear mes- to whether we should be enacting a tax So that is why I opposed the Repub- sage that they were tired of business as cut in the wake of our need to bring lican budget resolution. Let me say in usual in Washington. They gave the our budget into balance. a spirit at this time of bipartisanship, Republicans a majority in this body for But the reason I come to the floor there are some things I think we can the first time in 40 years. This new ma- this morning is to reflect on the im- do that came out of a meeting yester- jority is solidly in favor of term limits. pact of cuts in Medicare and Medicaid. day. For one thing, we have to encour- While we are still a few votes shy, in As I look about the gallery here, I see age more people to buy what is known 1996 the American people will give us people of varying ages, from young- as long-term care insurance. When you the votes to enact term limits as the sters on school trips to those who are are my age or younger, you do not American people want, nearly 78 per- clearly retired, perhaps here on a holi- think about whether you are ever cent of the American people favoring day or vacation to witness this House going to be in a nursing home, but of Representatives and its proceedings. term limits for their Representatives. frankly we have all got to be thinking Some have said that term limits are The irony is that each person here has about the possibility that that could now dead, and I am here to tell you an interest in this issue because it af- happen some day and we may need in- they are dead wrong. Whether it is the fects every single one of us. surance coverage to protect us. McCollum bill that we bring up in 1997, Let me explain. Right now the Medic- which enacts a 12-year blanket term aid Program in America is generally We have got to encourage more limit, or whether it is the Hilleary 12- viewed as a welfare program. It is not American families to build this into year bill that allows States to have a welfare program. It is a health care their health insurance portfolio, not lower term limits, if they so wish, one program. A third of the recipients just the insurance for hospitals and of them will come to the House under under the Medicaid Program are, in doctors but also for long-term care. I House Resolution 1 as the Speaker has fact, poor people receiving health care will be working on legislation to try to promised. through it. but another third are dis- encourage families to do that, to per- We are going to work tirelessly until abled people, folks who because of men- haps provide a tax deduction to provide we can enact the will of the people. We tal or physical disability qualify for for long-term care insurance as a solu- are going to pass a constitutional this Medicaid to pay their medical tion to part of this problem. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5381 FEEDING THE HUNGRY THROUGH we are gong to be serious about reduc- very cheap on the world market. It THE PRIVATE SECTOR ing our debt and balancing the budget, should help our exports except with The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under then every program not absolutely es- Japan. In the first quarter of this year, the Speaker’s announced policy of May sential to the function of the Federal we have amassed even worse deficits 12, 1995, the gentleman from Illinois Government must be on the table for with them than we did last year, which [Mr. MANZULLO] is recognized during consideration. That is why original pri- was our worse year ever. morning business for 5 minutes. vate sector endeavors like the Hunger What is wrong with this picture is Mr. MANZULLO. Mr. Speaker, the Connection are so important. The Hun- Japan’s market remains closed no mat- Hunger Connection of Rockford, IL, is ger Connection and Community Share ter what. As the price of our goods, a privately financed organization that represent the spirit of Americans work- both for automobiles as well as auto- resources food from wholesalers, retail- ing together to solve problems. These motive parts, in Japan have become in- ers, and food processors and then are people looking to each other in- creasingly cheaper and less expensive makes it available to over 90 agencies stead of Government to solve the prob- and with the value of our dollar having which, in turn, distribute the food to lems of this Nation. been decreased by over 300 percent over the needy. Not 1 cent of Government f the last 10 years, we should be running money is used for this purpose. a huge trade surplus with Japan. In- In addition, the Hunger Connection, TRADE WITH JAPAN stead, we have recorded deficits year led by Mary Cunningham, the execu- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under after year. tive director, also helps the community the Speaker’s announced policy of May In fact, the United States has been through a service called Community 12, 1995, the gentlewoman from Ohio frozen at a 1.5-percent share of Japan’s Share. In the Community Share Pro- [Ms. KAPTUR] is recognized during market for over a decade, while Japa- gram, people do meaningful volunteer morning business for 5 minutes. nese goods in the automotive sector work in the community in exchange for Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, it is time now comprise 25 percent of our market. 2 hours of work plus $14 in cash, $28, to to pry open Japan’s market, particu- Let me repeat that, the United States $32 in groceries. larly in the sector of automotive goods. goods are frozen to 1.5 percent of Ja- The Hunger Connection is an exam- Now, what is wrong with this pic- pan’s market through market control ple of the type of organization that is ture? Let me tell you what is wrong. in that country, while Japan’s goods leading community service efforts. We Over the past 10 years, the United now consume a 25-percent share of our are saddled with a massive debt. There- States has consistently run a massive market. fore, the time has come to recognize trade deficit, getting worse year after For the sake of our Nation, in which private organizations such as the Hun- year after year, last year the largest in one of six jobs is directly connected to ger Connection for innovative, cost ef- the history of our country with Japan. the automotive industry and for the ficient solutions to our problems. And we have run that deficit largely in Besides that, it has always been the sake of nearly a million American the area of automotive goods, regard- workers who work in this country in American spirit of charity and good less, regardless of what the economic works that has spearheaded the coun- the auto sector, I urge the Clinton ad- conditions have been during those ministration to hang tough with try’s efforts in alleviating the plight of years between our two countries. the needy. Thus we have an obligation Japan. The United States maintains a That means regardless of what the trade balance in automotive goods with to carry on this work and still strive to yen-dollar relationship is, as this blue keep this Nation from taking on fur- every other industrialized nation in the line charts out over the past 10 years, world. I repeat, the United States is a ther financial burdens. even as our dollar got cheaper, which We are approaching a national debt competitive country in the automotive means our goods should be cheaper on sector. We maintain a trade balance of $5 trillion with annual budget defi- those shelves, the deficit got worse and cits routinely exceeding $200 billion a with every other industrialized country worse and worse. in the world but for one, but for Japan. year. That means $200 billion a year is In fact, over half of the trade deficit added to the national debt. What is So why should Japan not behave like the United States has amassed with the rest of the industrialized world? We also alarming are the taxes that future Japan, $66 million last year was in one generations will pay if Congress con- wish the Clinton administration great sector, automotive and automotive success because if we can be successful tinues expensive spending habits. goods. But that is not news. That has The President’s official budget con- for America, we will also be successful been going on year after year after tains an analysis called generational for the rest of the world in Japan, be- year. forecast. This projects the future tax cause, in fact, less than 4 percent of Ja- Japan used to use the excuse, Well, in burden on the American people and pan’s market is comprised of auto- America you do not make any vehicles takes into consideration our national motive goods from any country in the that are right-hand drive vehicles. Sur- debt and current policies for Federal world, , Asia, the United States. prise, over the last 15 years our auto- spending. It predicts that children born All are closed out. motive manufacturers now have 60 dif- after 1992, by the time they enter the ferent models, so you cannot use even f work force, will have a combined local, that excuse anymore. State, and Federal tax rate of between ELIMINATE THE IN-SCHOOL If you look back to 1985, when the ex- 84 and 94 percent. INTEREST SUBSIDY That means your child or grandchild change rate was 239 yen to the dollar, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under will be able to keep only $600 to $1,200 the United States in that year amassed the Speaker’s announced policy of May for every $10,000 he or she earns. a $23.7 billion trade deficit with Japan That is not the legacy we want to in automotive and automotive parts. 12, 1995, the gentleman from Florida leave our children. Yet in 1994, when our dollar had lit- [Mr. WELDON] is recognized during The findings of the Bipartisan Com- erally been devalued by 300 percent, de- morning business for 5 minutes. mission on Entitlements and Tax Re- valued by 300 percent, which means Mr. WELDON of Florida. Mr. Speak- form show that, absent policy changes, that our goods should have been 300 er, I would like to address the issue of entitlement spending and interest on percent cheaper and had some impact the Republican proposal to eliminate the national debt alone will consume on sales in that market, we had an the in-school interest subsidy. There is all Federal revenues by the year 2012. even worse deficit with Japan. going to be a lot of rhetoric and dialog, Our Nation is not on the verge of In fact, last year we had a record and I think the air needs to be cleared bankruptcy. It is in bankruptcy, and it trade deficit in the area of automotive as to exactly what is going on with this is hemorrhaging profusely. If we fail to and automotive goods, rising to over issue. I can get up here and say that I act, we have made a choice that great- $37 billion, with each billion dollar of was a student who took advantage of ly threatens the economic future of our trade deficit equal to 20,000 jobs in this the student loan program and the in- children and our Nation. country. We are not talking about a school interest subsidy. Though I Given this financial crisis, we must small problem. Today, as we know, worked my way through college in reevaluate our budgetary priorities. If goods denominated in dollars are very, order to help get through medical H 5382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 school, I took out 10,00 dollars’ worth bad and evil, but, Mr. Speaker, it is again, not one penny of taxpayer of loans while I was a medical student. fair. It is logical. It makes sense. It is money. I was very pleasantly surprised to something that is badly needed. And I Over $150,000, therefore, each month, discover that when I finished medical support the elimination of the in- all of the funds raised by Sharing and school and when I finished my intern- school interest subsidy. Caring Hands, goes directly to the re- ship and residency, that I still only I ask that all of my colleagues on cipients. Nobody take a salary. Mary owed $10,000, that the interest of 7 per- both sides of the aisle do so so that we Jo works 14 or 15 hours each and every cent per year had been picked up by can help balance the budget and we can day. No salary, strictly volunteer the U.S. taxpayer. Indeed, I was very help create a better future for our chil- work. As Mary Jo puts it, a labor of happy to find that out because once I dren and our grandchildren. love. got out of medical school and my in- f Mr. Speaker, we need to focus na- ternship and residency, I got myself a tional attention on this model organi- pretty good job and $10,000 was fairly SHARING AND CARING HANDS zation. Mary Jo Copeland and her vol- easy to pay off. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under unteers at Sharing and Caring Hands That, indeed, is the essence of the the Speaker’s announced policy of May have taught and are teaching America problem with the Democrat proposal of 12, 1995, the gentleman from Minnesota a lot about caring and about sharing, continuing the in-school interest sub- [Mr. RAMSTAD] is recognized during about true compassion. sidy. Mr. Speaker, I believe this project Let us just say, if I had daughters, morning business for 5 minutes. Mr. RAMSTAD. Mr. Speaker, yester- should serve as a model and a beacon of they were twins. And one wanted to go hope, a beacon for those of us who are to school to become a hairdresser and day I attended a truly memorable event in Minnesota. It was the dedica- dedicated to the principle that each of it took her 1 year. And she wanted to us can make a difference in the lives of take out a $5,000 loan to do that. And tion of Mary’s Place. And at that dedi- cation, I saw love and compassion up other people through volunteerism and then I had another daughter who want- commitment. As we all know, there ed to go through 4 years of college and close. Mary’s Place is a transitional housing facility built through the vi- has been much focus here in Congress 3 years of law school and wanted to about ways to strengthen the family. borrow $5,000 a year to do that. Well, sion and the persistence of Mary Jo Copeland, Minnesota’s Mother Teresa. Everyone agrees that the breakdown of guess what? My daughter who went to families has provided a whole new school to be a hairdresser would be Mary’s Place is a shining example of how we can use nongovernmental pri- range of social problems. paying through her taxes the in-school What Mary Jo Copeland and everyone interest subsidy on my other daughter vate solutions to solve the problems facing our country. at Sharing and Caring Hands have who wants to accumulate a $35,000 loan done, Mr. Speaker, is to create a kind and then get out and become a wealthy This was a $7.2 million transitional shelter, 200 beds for homeless people, of sharing, caring, compassionate, and attorney. concerned family. Sharing and Caring We, Republicans, are making a pro- $7.2 million all raised through private Hands is truly that for so many people. posal that these students pay that in- businesses, individuals, and churches, It is a very special family that is tak- school interest subsidy in the form of not one penny of government money. ing in new brothers and sisters each added principal when they graduate. Mr. Speaker, last month I saw first- and every day. Yesterday we dedicated This may sound like an onerous, ter- hand why Mary Jo Copeland is Min- a new family home, Mary’s Place, a rible burden to place on our college nesota’s Mother Teresa. I was touring place where people know they can find students and our professional career the new facility before it was open, and comfort, they can find love. They can students when they get out of law I watched Mary Joe interrupt that tour find a safe haven. They can find sup- school or medical school, but the truth to go across the street to greet a home- port that you would find that we are is, Mr. Speaker, that the average in- less family, a young mother and her able to find in the majority of Amer- crease in the size of that student loan three little children. And that family ican families. So while the debate will roughly be equivalent to their was forced to leave their home after rages here in Congress on how best to cable bill. It will be about $27 a month, her husband beat her and to watch provide the resources necessary for the average student will have to pay in Mary Joe hug those bewildered, broken people to become more self-sufficient, extra costs on their student loan, not children brought tears to my eyes. Ev- Sharing and Caring Hands is already exactly what I would consider to be an eryone who has been to Sharing and here showing us how, without bureau- onerous burden to place on a student Caring Hands, all of the volunteers, cratic strings and without taxpayer who has a great likelihood of making a every one who goes there daily to as- dollars, people can make a real dif- fairly good income, a substantially bet- sist other people have seen that same ference in the lives of those less fortu- ter income than the average person kind of love and compassion firsthand. nate, in the lives of people who are who goes out there and works when Yesterday we celebrated several hurting. they get out of high school. things, Mr. Speaker. As I mentioned, Mr. Speaker, this proposal of the Re- we dedicated the $7.2 million facility. Now, Mr. Speaker, we need to rep- publicans is a fair proposal, but prob- We also celebrated 10 years of love and licate Sharing and Caring Hands ably more importantly, one of the best compassion and concern like that I just throughout the United States. Mary Jo reasons why this is a good proposal is explained. Copeland’s vision can make a dif- we do not have the money to pay for Let me tell you a little bit about ference in your communities and this. We have to borrow the money to Sharing and Caring Hands, because I States just like Sharing and Caring pay those interest payments for those believe we need to replicate this won- Hands is making a real difference in college students. Indeed, these college derful organization throughout our the lives of real people in the twin students, when they get out and those great country. This organization, Shar- cities of Minnesota. who have had their student loan inter- ing and Caring Hands, was founded in Mr. Speaker, I take my hat off to est paid, it has been paid in the form of 1985 as a safety net organization to as- Mary Jo Copeland and all of her volun- added Federal debt. Those students, sist those who are not getting help teers for what they are doing in Min- when they get out of college, will have from the welfare system. Each and nesota. We are very, very proud of more debt to pay off in the form of an every month, Mr. Speaker, 12,000 peo- them and grateful for them. added debt burden. ple, 12,000 homeless, hurting people are f Mr. Speaker, our proposal, the Re- assisted through a food shelf, meals, publican proposal, is a logical proposal. clothing, showers, dental care, medical MEDICARE It is a fair proposal. And, indeed, it is help, eye glasses, transportation, Alco- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a proposal that asks the people who are holics Anonymous meetings, and the Speaker’s announced policy of May most able to pay to pick up the tab. school tutoring for children. These 12, 1995, the gentleman from Penn- But we are going to hear a lot of rhet- services are all provided by hundreds of sylvania [Mr. FOX] is recognized during oric about this being something that is volunteers and private contributions, morning business for 5 minutes. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5383 Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speak- ensure that it is vital, and to make In Your mercy, O God, hear our pray- er, I appreciate the opportunity to ad- sure that it is financially stable. er. Amend. dress my colleagues on some issues I am looking forward to working f that I think are very important to all across the aisle with fellow Members of Americans. First, I think we need to the House to find the ways and means THE JOURNAL look at what has happened to try to to control the costs, to eliminate bu- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The help our senior citizens across the reaucracy, and to make sure we have Chair has examined the Journal of the United States. more direct services to our senior citi- last day’s proceedings and announces First, this 104th Congress, a very sen- zens who deserve the best health care to the House his approval thereof. sitive and caring, compassionate Con- possible under our Medicare system Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- gress, has already rolled back the Clin- and to make sure that in fact we work nal stands approved. ton tax on Social Security which had together for a solution before the year f been established 2 years ago. We have 2002 so that none of those senior citi- also raised the earnings limits for sen- zens who want to have a Medicare Pro- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE iors who are under 70 from $11,280 to gram that is there will miss the oppor- The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman $30,000 over the next 5 years. We have tunity. from [Mr. OBEY] come for- also passed legislation calling for a $500 We will work together to help senior ward and lead the House in the Pledge elder care tax credit, also a tax credit citizens to help improve Medicare, and of Allegiance. for the purchase of long-term care to keep Social Security off the table Mr. OBEY led the Pledge of Alle- health insurance. because that is a program that has giance as follows: Now comes the issue of Medicare. We been vested by our seniors. It is a paid- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the Unit- want to make sure in this Congress in pension program. It is higher than ed States of America, and to the Republic for that we preserve, protect, and improve an entitlement. It is a paid-in pension which it stands, one nation, under God, indi- visible, with liberty and justice for all. Medicare in this United States. We program that people deserve to have have heard from the trustees, a biparti- there for them, but we want to make f sure that Medicare is strong and vital san group with three appointees from A TRIBUTE TO THE LATE the Clinton administration, that in for them. I look forward to working with Mem- HONORABLE LES ASPIN fact if we do nothing to help Medicare bers of the House on both sides of the and let it stay the way it is, it will go (Mr. OBEY asked and was given per- aisle. bankrupt by the year 2002. A respon- mission to address the House for 1 sible House and Senate has to move f minute and to revise and extend his re- forward to make sure we preserve, pro- marks.) RECESS Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, as dean of tect, and improve Medicare. Many of us The SPEAKER pro tempore. There the Wisconsin delegation, it is my sad are starting what we call Medicare being no further requests for morning duty to officially announce to the preservation task forces. I just started business, pursuant to clause 12, rule I, House something which most Members one in my district in Montgomery the House will stand in recess until 12 already know, that our friend and County, PA. We have senior citizens noon. former colleague, Les Aspin, passed and health care professionals and con- Accordingly (at 11 o’clock and 10 away at 7:55 Sunday night at George- sumers of Medicare meeting for the minutes a.m.), the House stood in re- town Hospital. purpose of discussing how we can make cess until 12 noon. His official biography will note that sure we in fact have Medicare become he was born , 1938. He received a strong and remain vital. f bachelor’s degree from , The Republican proposal calls for the b 1200 his master’s in economics from Oxford current figure of $4,700 to grow to $6,300 AFTER RECESS University, and his Ph.D. in economics by the year 2002. That is a 45-percent from MIT. He served as a staff assist- The recess having expired, the House increase. But we also need to make ant to U.S. Senator , was called to order by the Speaker pro some other changes in the system to and as a staff assistant to Walter Hell- tempore [Mr. GILMAN] at 12 noon. make sure it is in fact remaining er, the Chairman of the President’s strong. There is estimated as much as f Council on Economic Advisers. $44 billion in waste, fraud, and abuse in PRAYER He served in the U.S. Army from 1966 the current Medicare and Medicaid sys- to 1968. He taught economics at Mar- The Reverend Randall C.K. Day, ex- tems. We need to make sure that the quette University before being elected ecutive director, the Canterbury Cathe- inspector general and other appro- to Congress in 1970. He served in Con- dral Trust in America, Washington, priate officials and, in Congress, over- gress for 22 years, until 1992, when sight committees are making the DC, offered the following prayer: Almighty God, You have given us President Clinton appointed his as Sec- changes so that that amount of waste retary of Defense. When he resigned his is eliminated from Medicare and direct this good land: Make us alert to Your generosity and congressional seat to become Secretary services do go to the people. of Defense, he was, as Members know, One of the other options we will be ready to do Your will. Guard our unity as one people; build the chairman of the Committee on discussing is managed care and wheth- our acceptance of human diversity. Armed Services, and he was a darned er or not there is a more efficient and Bless our common life with unrelent- good one. That is his official biog- appropriate way to deliver the health ing compassion, honorable work, sound raphy. care for those who may want that op- learning, and stimulating arts. Mr. Speaker, let me say on a more in- tion while still retaining the fee-for- Defend our freedoms. Save us from formal note, as a friend, that Wisconsin service option for health care for those violence, discord, and every confusion; has lost one of the most significant and on Medicare. from egotism, arrogance, and every effective human beings to ever serve We need to have House and Senate evil way. our State, and the United States has Republicans and Democrats working Give wisdom, fairness, and integrity lost one of the most decent and con- together on a solution. We have seen to those to whom we entrust the au- cerned citizens and leaders it has ever that from the Clinton administration thority of government. had. they have been AWOL, absent without May there be peace with justice in In this time of cynicism about gov- leadership. There has been no proposal our world, and may You be exalted ernment and about politics and about on how to save Medicare, when we among all nations. politicians, I think it appropriate to know from the trustees and from the In our prosperity, fill our hearts with note that Les Aspin literally worked bipartisan task force that in fact Medi- thankfulness. his heart out to make this a better care needs to have appropriate changes In the day of trouble may we always country and a safer world. He was to- made in the system to improve it, to trust in You. tally dedicated, absolutely and totally H 5384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 dedicated, to the ideal of public serv- University. In 1962, he received his kept Aspin in Congress for 22 years. They ice. Anyone who knew him knew that master’s from Oxford, and in 1965, his knew a good man when they say him. They, he put public service ahead of personal Ph.D. from MIT. and all Americans, have lost someone spe- life. He gave it everything he had, and He was originally elected to Wiscon- cial. he is now gone. sin’s First District in 1970. He spend f Mr. NEUMANN and I will announce at the next 22 years working on behalf of a later date when special orders will be his constituents, with a tireless effort FOREIGN AID held for Les, but on behalf of the Aspin that is still a standard my office works (Mrs. SEASTRAND asked given per- family and his friends and staff, I want to meet. Les was a professor, but he mission to address the House for 1 to make certain that Members under- had the ability to relate to people. He minute and to revise and extend her re- stand what the information is regard- was brilliant, but he was not arrogant. marks.) ing his funeral and memorial services. Serving his constituents and his Na- Mrs. SEASTRAND. Mr. Speaker, the Visitation hours will be held on tion was his life’s passion. Keeping this folks back home on my central coast of Thursday, May 25, at the Schmidt- Nation safe and free for our children California understand the need to bal- Bartelt Funeral Home at 10280 North and our grandchildren in his legacy. He ance our budget. What they do not un- Port Washington Road in Mequon, WI. will be remembered and honored by all derstand is how the United States can Family and friends are invited to at- he served. trim waste inside our borders, but con- tend from 1 to 4 p.m. The public is in- On this very sad occasion of his pass- tinue to send money to foreign coun- vited to attend from 6 to 9 p.m. ing, let us pause and reflect on Les tries that do not support our Republic. Funeral services will be held on Fri- Aspin, a man dedicated to public serv- The American Overseas Interests Act day, May 26, at 10 a.m. at Gesu Church, ice and committed to keeping this Na- begins as an interesting debate over , in . I tion free. He will be sorely missed by our spending priorities. It will begin to have been asked to say that the family all. make foreign aid less costly, less intru- would very much welcome any Mem- Mr. OBEY. I thank the gentleman, sive, and most importantly, smaller, by bers who might like to attend those Mr. Speaker, and I yield to the gen- eliminating three foreign aid bureauc- services. tleman from Milwaukee, WI [Mr. racies, and saving taxpayers $21 billion At this point, as I understand it, BARRETT]. over the next 7 years. transportation arrangements have not Mr. BARRETT of Wisconsin. Mr. If there is one thing I have learned, yet exactly been finalized, but it is ex- Speaker, I also want to pay tribute to we do not reward those who work pected that a plane will be provided by Les Aspin. Those of us who have the against us. Yet, that is exactly what for a significant number tremendous honor of serving in this we are doing as a country. No more. To of Members. If Members are interested great institution sometimes fail to see those countries that vote against the in attending, please call my office and the giants that serve among us. Cer- United States in the , we will try to help facilitate that. tainly Les Aspin was a giant who support terrorist countries, or spy on A memorial service will be held in served among us. the United States, they will not receive Washington, DC, probably in the Cap- I am proud to say that he was born in money from hardworking American itol, around June 7. That is not exactly Milwaukee and graduated from taxpayers. tied down, but we expect it to be on Shorewood High School, and he was a Mr. Speaker, as we downsize the Fed- that date. Details will be made avail- man who was clearly a leader, not only eral bureaucracy and strive toward a able as soon as possible. The family ad- of the people of the State of Wisconsin, balanced Federal budget in the year vises that in lieu of flowers, donations of the district that he represented in 2002, all areas of spending must be ex- may be made in Les Aspin’s name to the southeastern part of Wisconsin, but amined. This includes foreign aid. one of the following charities: Country- of this entire Nation. f side Humane Society, Racine, WI, Wis- He was a man, as Mr. OBEY indicated, MISPLACED PRIORITIES consin Public Radio, or Georgetown who gave his heart, literally, to this Cardiology Research Fund, care of Dr. country. He poured hours after hours (Mr. BALDACCI asked and was given David Pearle, Georgetown University after hours into trying to grapple with permission to address the House for 1 Medical Center. the important issues we face as a Na- minute and to revise and extend his re- Written expressions of sympathy to tion, and he did it because he loved this marks.) family and friends may be sent in care country. He was truly a public servant Mr. BALDACCI. Mr. Speaker, I re- of the President’s Foreign Intelligence who cared about the people in the ceived a poignant letter recently from Advisory Board, room 340, Old Execu- State of Wisconsin, and cared about a woman in Maine. She goes to college, tive Office Building, the White House, the people in this great country. relying on financial assistance to do so. Washington, DC. It is rare that we see people in this She is also raising a 4-year-old son, Mr. Speaker, with the Speaker’s suf- institution who work as hard as Les whose father has a restraining order ferance on time, I yield to the gen- Aspin did. He gave hour after hour for against him and does not contribute fi- tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. NEUMANN] the people that he loved. However, in nancially. She works nights as a wait- who, as we all know, is now occupying doing so, he was always able to retain ress to pay the family’s bills. the seat once held by our good friend, his touch of the common man. As much She writes: Les Aspin. as he accomplished academically and Some might say I do not need an edu- Mr. NEUMANN. Mr. Speaker, it is through the higher ranks of govern- cation, since I’m managing to stay off public with much sadness that my wife and I ment in this country, he never lost the assistance, but there are more issues in- received the news of Les Aspin’s condi- volved here than that. If I have to continue ability to relate to people on a day-to- working in the evening once Isaiah is in tion, and then later, of his death. Ev- day level. To me he will always be Les, eryone who served in this body while school, I will not be there to help him with the fellow who would put his arm his homework or talk with him about any Les was here understands the legacy he around you, smile and joke, and ask problems he may be having. has left here in Washington. His un- how things were going. He was a man She continues: flinching commitment to the defense of who cared about you as an individual this Nation is legendary, but today, I truly believe that education for more and cared about people as people. than just the wealthy is what will make our very briefly I would like to make a few In this morning’s paper there was a country the great nation we all want it to comments about the legacy he has left short paragraph that described prob- be. To deny even the hope of a better life to in Wisconsin, where I am fortunate ably the best the way we can think of our nation’s young people can only lead us enough to serve the district Les Aspin Les, as we remember him. all into disaster and despair.* * * Through represented for 22 years. accessible education, we can lift up all of our He loved high-powered debates with intel- people, not just the fortunate few. Les was born in 1938, in the city of lectuals, but he never put on airs. He could Milwaukee. In 1956 he graduated from talk to farmers and mechanics as easily as Mr. Speaker, I could not have said it Shorewood High School. In 1960, he the Presidents and potentates. It is no won- better myself. Our majority colleagues graduated summa cum laude from Yale der the voters of southeastern Wisconsin should reevaluate their priorities, and May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5385 restore funding for student financial agencies like ATF and the IRS to rip finding to the committee. Apparently aid. off the American people. They know it the five Republican Members of the f and they do feel abandoned. If the Con- committee, according to the Washing- gress does not provide the oversight ton Post, voted against doing that. THE AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTER- that is necessary, the American people When they did that, they broke a 15- ESTS ACT IS GOOD LEGISLATION will. year bipartisan tradition in this House (Mr. WELLER asked and was given We cannot justify nor condone vio- of taking the tough ethics cases that permission to address the House for 1 lence, do not get me wrong. However, have unfortunately, from time to time, minute and to revise and extend his re- Congress has allowed these agencies to been referred to the committee, and marks.) go without oversight, and the Amer- turning them over to an outside coun- Mr. WELLER. Mr. Speaker, on No- ican people are fed up. Take a look at sel, so we can get a full rendering of all vember 8, this Congress heard a mes- it and read the tea leaves. of the facts and all of the issues before sage pretty loud and clear, that it is f the Ethics Committee in an impartial time to eliminate and streamline the fashion. That has been done on a bipar- bureaucracy, to pass a budget for the REMOVING IN-SCHOOL INTEREST tisan basis since 1979. first time in 28 years where we live SUBSIDY ON STUDENT LOANS Now we find, in the case involving within our means, and to cut foreign SEEN AS FAIR AND NECESSARY the Speaker, that that apparently will aid. (Mr. KNOLLENBERG asked and was not be the case. The chairman and oth- On May 15, the Committee on Inter- given permission to address the House ers will not vote. I think it is impor- national Relations passed the Amer- for 1 minute and to revise and extend tant to understand that the Republican ican Overseas Interests Act legislation his remarks.) Members of the Congress have an ongo- to meet that commitment. In fact, this Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Mr. Speaker, ing relationship with the Speaker of legislation represents six major removing the in-school interest subsidy the House. They have contributed to changes from business as usual. It re- on student loans is one of the tough his campaign, he has contributed to duces unnecessary bureaucracy by fold- choices that must be made in order to theirs. They have campaigned for him, ing three independent agencies into the balance the budget. he has campaigned for them. They have State Department. Their functions and With a national debt that exceeds been the recipients of moneys that budgets will be reduced and folded into $4.7 trillion, it is hard to justify saving have been commingled and inter- the State Department, which will take a subsidy for students who can expect mingled. over their responsibilities. to earn 71 percent more over their life- These charges are serious. The public This legislation will eliminate sev- time than someone who just goes to deserves better. The House of Rep- eral low-priority programs, and reduce high school. resentatives deserves better. We de- U.S. funding for a dozen international It is simply not fair to ask working serve an outside counsel. agencies. The bill also follows through Americans—who are struggling to f on our commitment to cut foreign aid. make ends meet—to pay the interest b In fact, over the next 7 years this legis- payments on the student loans of fu- 1220 lation will cut foreign aid by $21 billion ture doctors and lawyers. THE NEW MAJORITY as part of our commitment to live Removing the in-school interest sub- (Mr. HAYWORTH asked and was within our means. sidy will not limit access to Govern- given permission to address the House Legislation will also punish our ad- ment-backed student loans. Eligible for 1 minute and to revise and extend versaries and focus on vital U.S. inter- students will still be able to borrow his remarks.) ests. This is good legislation, Mr. money to help pay for their education. Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I will Speaker. The American Overseas Inter- And, no student will be asked to pay lay aside my prepared remarks this ests Act keeps our commitment to for their loans while they are in school. morning to answer my good friend the eliminate and streamline the bureauc- We are simply asking that they pay the gentleman from California. racy, to cut foreign aid, and to pass a full cost of the loan—after they grad- It never ceases to amaze me how the balanced budget. uate. guardians of the old order who were Finally, we must keep in mind that here as part of an incredible corrupt re- f college students will substantially ben- gime during the former majority are so efit from a balanced budget. Balancing willing to hop on the Speaker and his CONGRESS MUST PROVIDE OVER- the budget will lower interest rates on positive agenda for change. SIGHT OF FEDERAL AGENCIES student loans, result in more high- With all due respect to my friends on (Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was wage jobs, and allow students to keep the other side of the aisle, why do you given permission to address the House more of their salaries once they begin not join with us to put your shoulder for 1 minute and to revise and extend working. to the wheel and govern this Nation? his remarks.) Mr. Speaker, removing the in-school We have the majority. Get over it. Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, since interest subsidy is both fair and nec- Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance Oklahoma City, many politicians are essary. And, it is time to start telling of my time. choosing their words very carefully, the truth about this proposal. f many times afraid to say what they f really feel. The truth is, Mr. Speaker, JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE many Americans are fed up with the THE PUBLIC AND THE HOUSE DE- DENIED Government. They are sick and tired, SERVE AN OUTSIDE COUNSEL TO (Mr. DOGGETT asked and was given to be exact. They are beginning to INVESTIGATE ALLEGATIONS permission to address the House for 1 question the news stories and the Gov- AGAINST SPEAKER GINGRICH minute.) ernment spin. (Mr. MILLER of California asked and Mr. DOGGETT. Mr. Speaker, Ameri- Most Americans did not believe all was given permission to address the cans across this great land know the the stories about the assassination of House for 1 minute and to revise and old concept, the concept of the old JFK. Many Americans do not believe extend his remarks. order that ought to be the concept of the Government’s account of Waco. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. the new order as well, ‘‘Justice delayed Many Americans do not believe what Speaker, reports is justice denied.’’ happened in Ruby Ridge with the Wea- that apparently in the consideration of We know full well that justice is ver family. Many Americans still have the ethics case against the Speaker, being denied and delayed again and questions about the Government’s side the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. GING- again. We were told that it was inap- of PanAmerican 103. RICH], that the committee has arrived propriate to consider the charges The truth is, Mr. Speaker, Congress at a deadlock on whether or not to turn against the Speaker until the contract had better take its head out of the the case over to an outside independent was passed. And then when the con- sand, because Congress has allowed counsel to study the facts and render a tract was passed, we were told it was H 5386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 inappropriate to do it until after the outside counsel to investigate the eth- leadership, the Ethics Committee has congressional recess. Now we are told, ics charges hanging over the Speaker. appointed an outside counsel to inves- well, maybe after Memorial Day. Jus- Mr. Speaker, we need an outside tigate every major ethics case since tice is being delayed and justice is counsel to do a professional investiga- 1979. I urge the Ethics Committee to do being denied because some people are tion, not politicians. Let us remove the the same in this case. What is to be unwilling to make the hard choices, five dark clouds of doubt and appoint a hidden? What is to be gained? If there the hard choices that demand that an special outside counsel now. is nothing there, let an outside counsel independent counsel act without politi- f clear the air. cal bias to evaluate these charges, to f decide whether they have merit. FOREIGN AID AUTHORIZATION Anyone, be they old or new, ought to BILL TRIBUTE TO LES ASPIN (Mr. CHAMBLISS asked and was support that very old concept of impar- (Mr. ROTH asked and was given per- given permission to address the House tial justice. Looking at these charges, mission to address the House for 1 for 1 minute and to revise and extend seeing that they are resolved only minute and to revise and extend his re- his remarks.) through an independent counsel will marks.) that be done and we need that action Mr. CHAMBLISS. Mr. Speaker, today the House will take up consideration of Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, America immediately. lost a real public servant this last f this country’s foreign aid authoriza- tion bill in which we establish our for- weekend in the death of Les Aspin. FOREIGN AID eign policy priorities. Les Aspin was a young man. He was only 56 years old. He served 22 years of (Mrs. WALDHOLTZ asked and was Last year as I campaigned through- out Georgia’s Eighth District, I heard those 56 years here in the Congress. He given permission to address the House was also our Secretary of Defense. for 1 minute. from folks who are very concerned about the amount of money we spend He was a summa cum laude at Yale, Mrs. WALDHOLTZ. Mr. Speaker, he attended Oxford, and MIT, so not Secretary of State overseas while we have so many prob- lems here at home, and I share that only did he have a great deal of politi- said in January of this year, ‘‘The cur- cal savvy but he was also very much rent structure of the foreign affairs concern. Mr. Speaker, for those residents of academically gifted. From his first agencies developed in a world much dif- central and south Georgia and for all close race against a person by the ferent from today’s. It must change to citizens of this country, the new major- name of LaFollette, a magic name in meet the demands of the next cen- ity has shown its commitment to tak- Wisconsin, to the time he left to be- tury.’’ He was right. And that is ex- ing a fresh look at everything the Gov- come Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin actly what we are beginning today. ernment does. Foreign aid is no excep- never lost a single political race. Today we begin the debate on the tion. This bill today moves us in the I remember the first time I was here American Overseas Interests Act which right direction and will cut $1 billion on the floor with an amendment, Les will streamline the maze of foreign aid from foreign aid spending in the up- Aspin helped me get the amendment bureaucracies, reduce foreign aid coming budget. passed. In an age when the Pentagon spending and help set new priorities. It We must not lose sight, however, of got everything it wanted, there was is also an important part of the Repub- the very real and numerous threats one person who started to holler, ‘‘No, lican commitment to balance the budg- around the world to the freedoms we halt,’’ and that was Les Aspin. ‘‘Let’s et in a way that makes sense. enjoy. As a member of the Committee take a closer look,’’ he would say, ‘‘at Under our plan, three foreign aid bu- on National Security, I have seen those reaucracies and dozens of programs are defense spending.’’ threats. True, the is over but Mr. Speaker, we in this House have eliminated and reformed, and we save the world has not magically become a $21 billion over the next 7 years while not only lost a good friend but we have safe place. also lost a true public servant. Not continuing to meet our commitments For the first time in many years, this to our friends and allies. only has America lost a good public foreign aid bill today represents a servant and we in Congress, but also As every aspect of the budget comes measured attempt to prioritize our in- under scrutiny, foreign aid, however Marquette University, because Mar- fluence and interests abroad. The Unit- quette is where he started teaching and well-intentioned, cannot be excluded. ed States is truly the leader of the We need to reexamine how and why Marquette is where he worked when he world and our foreign aid policy must passed away. every dollar is spent, setting new prior- reflect that role by supporting our ities for a new world. I look forward to It is only appropriate that Marquette friends and deterring our foes. I urge will be the place on Friday where we a debate that can only improve our for- my colleagues to support this measure. eign aid programs. will say our last good-bye to Les Aspin. f America truly has lost a wonderful f OUTSIDE COUNSEL NEEDED IN public servant. OUTSIDE COUNSEL NEEDED IN SPEAKER’S ETHICS CASE f SPEAKER’S ETHICS CASE (Mr. WARD asked and was given per- TIME FOR AN OUTSIDE COUNSEL (Mr. STUPAK asked and was given mission to address the House for 1 IN SPEAKER’S ETHICS CASE permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his re- minute.) marks.) (Mr. BONIOR asked and was given Mr. STUPAK. Mr. Speaker, I am Mr. WARD. Mr. Speaker, last week permission to address the House for 1 deeply disappointed that the House on this floor I was told by the Speaker minute.) Ethics Committee has refused to hire of the House, NEWT GINGRICH, that as a Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, why is the an outside counsel to investigate the freshman I should learn the rules. This Ethics Committee making the special five ethics charges against the Speak- weekend I have been studying and what exception in the case of Speaker NEWT er. Without an outside counsel, the I have studied has discouraged me a GINGRICH? ethics charges will have to be inves- lot. In every single high-profile ethics tigated by House Members. That means What I have found is that, according case since 1979, both the Democrats and we will have politicians investigating to the Washington Post, all five Repub- the Republicans on the committee have politicians. lican members of the Ethics Commit- voted to appoint an outside counsel. Being a former law enforcement offi- tee broke with 15 years of bipartisan But last Sunday, according to the cer, I believe, and I have always voted, tradition and voted unanimously to Washington Post, all five Republican that professional law enforcement offi- block an independent outside counsel members of the Ethics Committee cials should do investigations of other to investigate the charges that have broke with 15 years of bipartisan tradi- Members of this House, not politicians. been leveled against Speaker GINGRICH. tion and voted to make a special excep- Five dark clouds of doubt hang over We need to go back to the way the tion for NEWT GINGRICH and block an this Chamber. Let us have a special Democrats did it. Under Democratic outside counsel. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5387 Mr. Speaker, these are all honorable If you think term limits is such a icare revenue will cause a great num- people caught in a difficult position be- good idea, here is the solution: Here is ber of rural hospitals to either close or cause they all have close personal ties a map of Washington. increase their cost. to the Speaker. Mr. Speaker, the Eth- Here is the Capitol. Here is the air- It is wrong to make rural America ics Committee has had this since last port. pay such a high price. My Republican December. It will never get resolved It is a short drive, and parking is a colleagues say all they are doing is any other way. breeze because Members of Congress shifting the cost to the private sector. It is not just DAVE BONIOR and others still have that perk. What they really mean is that they are here who are calling for it. Public Citi- From there, you can go back to the shifting the cost back to the taxpayers zen, the New York Times, Richard Sixth District of Georgia, the Eighth who have already paid that cost Phelan, Roll Call, Robert Scheer in the District of Florida, or anywhere else through monthly deductions. L.A. Times, Al Hunter in the Wall where someone got elected by talking Rural America deserves good health Street Journal, Common Cause, the about term limits. care and good hospitals. That is why Hartford Courant, the San Francisco Remember, my friends on the other the Republican plan must be defeated. Chronicle, the list goes on and on. The side of the aisle—the Supreme Court f Atlanta Constitution, his home news- decision will not bar you from acting honorably, from following through on REPUBLICAN BUDGET CLOSES paper. All have called for an independ- DOOR OF OPPORTUNITY ent outside counsel. It is time that we your campaign promises and Repub- had one. lican rhetoric. (Mr. DURBIN asked and was given That decision is still in your hands. permission to address the House for 1 f f minute and to revise and extend his re- A STREAMLINED BUT UNCOM- marks.) PROMISED FOREIGN AID BILL TERM LIMITS IS NOT DEAD Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Speaker, most (Mr. GOSS asked and was given per- American families cannot leave their (Mr. COBLE asked and was given per- mission to address the House for 1 children a fortune. What we try to mission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his re- leave them is a set of values and an op- minute and to revise and extend his re- marks.) portunity. marks.) Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, this morning Last week, the Republican budget Mr. COBLE. Mr. Speaker, since the in the Washington Post we read that resolution closed the door of oppor- start of the 104th Congress, Repub- the former Speaker of this House, Tom tunity for millions of American kids. licans have made no attempt to hide Foley, believes that term limits is The Republican budget resolution cut our conviction that the Federal Gov- dead. Actually that should be term college student loans by $18 billion. ernment has grown out of proportion limits are dead. That is right. At a time when America to its responsibilities. The conviction Either way, so speaks the man who needs a well-educated generation to is not limited to domestic programs. did not understand the term limits lead us into the next century, at a time Just as spending at home has come movement when he was the Speaker, when our kids need the opportunity for under intense scrutiny, our spending and he still does not get it. The citi- education for a good-paying job, the habits abroad should not escape notice. zens of Washington State and 21 other Gingrich Republicans make the biggest Although foreign aid is only a small States passed term limits, and they are cut in student loans in our Nation’s part of the budget, it still consumes not ready to concede defeat on the history. And why have the Republicans done billions of dollars. Republicans will issue. this? Why are the Republicans increas- streamline this part of the budget, and Yes, yesterday’s decision by the Su- ing a student’s cost of financing a col- insure every penny going overseas is preme Court shows an unfortunate dis- lege education by an average of $5,000? wisely and responsibly. We propose to connect between the judicial branch Because the Republican student loan eliminate repetitive bureaucracy by and the majority of Americans who cuts fill the Republican piggy bank to closing three agencies and ending doz- favor term limits. That type of thing pay for tax breaks for the privileged ens of useless, silly named programs has happened before and Congress has like the Permanent International Asso- few. fixed it. Now it is up to Congress to Cutting college student loans may be ciation of Road Congresses. act. Mr. Speaker, while our plan stream- the GINGRICH view of America. How The ruling gives us a clear course: does your family feel? lines, it does not compromise Ameri- the term limit constitutional amend- ca’s position of world leadership. We ment. We have seen the arrogance of f can only be the world’s leader if we do power here resulting from a system THE FOREIGN AID BILL what is right by our future and by our where longevity, not merit, determines (Mr. LINDER asked and was given children, and that is the essence of our clout. Let’s return to the idea of citi- plan. permission to address the House for 1 zen legislators who go to Washington minute and to revise and extend his re- f to serve and then go back home to live marks.) among the people that they have TERM LIMITS Mr. LINDER. Mr. Speaker, today and worked for. That is what the people through tomorrow and the next day, (Mr. GUTIERREZ asked and was want, and they are the people we work the House takes up a historic foreign given permission to address the House for. affairs bill that for the first time in for 1 minute and to revise and extend f many, many years actually authorizes his remarks.) the spending that we take on behalf of Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Speaker, after REPUBLICAN MEDICARE CUTS the interests of the U.S. policies in re- the Supreme Court ruled yesterday on HURT RURAL AMERICA spect to foreign lands. the issue of term limits, you heard a (Mr. HILLIARD asked and was given There will be much debate as to lot of complaining. permission to address the House for 1 whether we are doing it the way other One who protested the loudest was minute.) people wish us to do it or we are cut- the distinguished majority leader. Mr. HILLIARD. Mr. Speaker, the Re- ting too deeply, but the fact of the In fact, Mr. ARMEY promised that a publican Medicare plan places a major matter is that less than 1 percent of vote on term limits would be the first burden on rural America which will lit- our entire budget is invested in foreign vote in the next Congress. erally squeeze the lifeblood out of affairs. That is the issue we need to In January 1997—if he is relected— America’s rural hospital system. begin to take to the American people. Mr. ARMEY will get sworn in for his Almost 10 million American citizens It surprises me when you ask Ameri- seventh term, then turn around and who live in rural America depend on cans what they think is the largest vote for a bill that says that serving the Medicare benefits they receive to item in the Federal budget and they more than six terms is hazardous to stay healthy. Under the Republican consistently say foreign affairs, and in- the political health of our Nation. Medicare plan, significant cuts in Med- deed it is perhaps the smallest. When H 5388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 you ask people if we spend too much on hope of many thousands of students is that former captive nations of the Soviet foreign affairs, in one recent poll, 79 you will consider the potential leaders and Union. percent said yes. The second question scientists and doctors this country will lose Also I do want to express praise for was, how much do you think we should if they cannot obtain an education. Please one provision of the bill included by vote against any cut to student aid. Our fu- the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. be spending, and they consistently said ture depends on you. about 5 percent, and indeed we are SMITH], known as the Humanitarian spending 1 percent. Mr. Speaker, considering the fact Aid Corridor Act. That act would with- There will be honest debates as to that Republicans plan to eliminate 18.7 hold U.S. aid to nations which are whether we are giving too much sup- billion dollars’ worth of student loan blocking congressionally approved hu- port for one country or another, but interest deferral will end up costing manitarian assistance to other coun- the fact of the matter is it is cheaper students about $5,000 apiece, I want to tries. It requires all of U.S. aid recipi- to support nations in peace than it is promise Eric that you will have my ents to allow unencumbered delivery of to buy more bombers and missiles, and support. I will fight against the loss of humanitarian assistance. I believe that we are on the right student loans. Finally, I think Eric’s The Republic of Turkey has imposed track. letter speaks for itself. a blockade on the neighboring Republic f f of Armenia, preventing delivery of food, medicine and other humanitarian b CHANGE IN STUDENT LOAN 1240 relief supplies from reaching Armenia. PROGRAM GOP SACRIFICES FAMILIES FOR Much of this aid originates in the Unit- (Mr. POMEROY asked and was given THE WEALTHY ed States. permission to address the House for 1 This Humanitarian Aid Corridor Act (Ms. DELAURO asked and was given would prevent countries like Turkey minute and to revise and extend his re- permission to address the House for 1 marks.) from receiving aid if they prevent this minute and to revise and extend her re- aid from getting through. Mr. POMEROY. Mr. Speaker, I think marks.) f it is dead wrong to turn our back on Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, Repub- our Nation’s students by eliminating licans are asking working families to ETHICS COMMITTEE the in-school interest deferral on stu- sacrifice in order to pay for their tax STONEWALLING dent loans. The student loan program giveaway to the wealthy. The GOP cut (Mr. VOLKMER asked and was given is not for children from wealthy fami- in student loans will result in the larg- permission to address the House for 1 lies. It is for those who qualify, namely est increase in college costs in history those from middle- and low-income minute.) for working families—families like the Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Speaker, here we backgrounds. Baxters of West Haven, CT. Watching Members of Congress my go again, I am shocked and dismayed The Baxter children, Heather, Joe, that by a straight party line vote the age who I know back when they were Heidi, Scott, and Donnie come from a students took advantage of these pro- House Ethics Committee failed to ap- single parent family. Their mother, point an independent counsel in the grams now vote to repeal them to give Gail, has already worked to put one tax breaks to their rich friends makes case of our Speaker, NEWT GINGRICH. It daughter through college, and, next is obvious to me the majority members me sick. I think it is dead wrong for fall, her four remaining children will those who took advantage of programs of our Ethics Committee have made all be attending college. And, yes, Gail the decision to stonewall this case. now to vote to essentially pull up the and her children rely on student loans ladder and deprive those who follow of Why? Well, Mr. Speaker, could it be be- to help pay tuition. cause the chairwoman of the commit- the same opportunities that they had. The Republican plan to cut student This hit to student loans comes at a tee nominated Mr. GINGRICH to be loans by $18.6 billion will increase the Speaker and also contributed to his time when the importance of education cost of a college education by an aver- has never been greater, but the cost campaign? age of $5,000 per student. For the Bax- Could it be that two majority mem- unfortunately has never been higher. ters, that is an increase of $20,000. The We should not get to a point where our bers of the committee are involved in Republican budget asks the Baxters to GOPAC either as a contributor or a re- college campuses bear a sign, ‘‘Only pay $20,000 more, so the richest 1 per- the wealthy need apply.’’ But unfortu- cipient? Could it be that one majority cent of Americans can pay $20,000 less. member is a potential witness in one of nately the Republican plan financing That is wrong. tax breaks by eliminating student loan the cases against the Speaker involv- f interest deferral brings us much closer ing influence peddling? I remind my colleagues that Speaker to that sorry state. AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTERESTS GINGRICH himself said an independent f ACT IS MIXED BAG counsel is required for any investiga- MORE ON THE STUDENT LOAN (Mr. PALLONE asked and was given tion into the position of the Speaker. I PROGRAM permission to address the House for 1 quote ‘‘this investigation has to meet minute and to revise and extend his re- an higher standard of public account- (Ms. JACKSON-LEE asked and was marks.) ability.’’. The clouds are darkening given permission to address the House Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, the over our Capitol and can only be lifted for 1 minute and to revise and extend American Overseas Interests Act legis- with the appointment of an independ- her remarks.) lation that we will be debating today is ent counsel. The stonewalling must Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Speaker, I a mixed bag at best. In some respects stop now, Mr. Speaker. spent some time in the district talking the bill represents a retreat from f to and working with students who sim- America’s role of promoting democracy ply wanted an opportunity to be edu- in those lands that were formerly part PERMISSION FOR SUNDRY COM- cated. of the . MITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES I rise this morning to read a letter The bill authorizes $145 million less TO SIT TODAY DURING THE 5- just received from Eric Lee Nickell, a than the administration’s fiscal year MINUTE RULE Houston constituent of mine and a stu- 1996 request and $76 million less than Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- dent at the University of Houston. the 1995 level. We need to draw a dis- mous consent that the following com- He writes: tinction between Russia and the other mittees and their subcommittees be DEAR REPRESENTATIVE LEE: I am a univer- Soviet Republics. After spending bil- permitted to sit today while the House sity student who is obtaining an education lions guarding against Moscow’s ag- with the aid of subsidized student loans. I am is meeting in the Committee of the afraid that this may not be possible for much gressive expansionism during the cold Whole House under the 5-minute rule. longer, judging from what I have heard of war, I believe it is still an important The Committee on Agriculture; the the rescission bills currently working their American interest to continue promot- Committee on Banking and Financial way through both Houses. My hope and the ing the transition to democracy in the Services; the Committee on Commerce; May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5389 the Committee on Economic and Edu- with clause 5(a) of rule XXI or section 302(f), on International Relations and makes cational Opportunities; the Committee 303(a), or 402(a) of the Congressional Budget in order the committee amendment in on Government Reform and Oversight; Act of 1974 are waived. Other than pro forma the nature of a substitute as an origi- the Committee on House Oversight; the amendments for the purpose of debate and amendments en bloc described in section 2 of nal bill for the purpose of amendment. Committee on the Judiciary; the Com- this resolution, no amendment to the com- The rule provides that the committee mittee on National Security; the Com- mittee amendment in the nature of a sub- amendment shall be considered as read mittee on Resources; the Committee on stitute as modified shall be in order unless and it allows for an open amendment Small Business; and the Permanent Se- printed in the portion of the Congressional process to last 10 hours, including vot- lect Committee on Intelligence. Record designated for that purpose in clause ing time. Mr. Speaker, it is my understanding 6 of rule XXIII. At the conclusion of consid- Because of the complexity of the sub- that the minority has been consulted eration of the bill for amendment the Com- ject, the rule requires that amend- mittee shall rise and report the bill to the and that there is no objection to these ments be preprinted in the CONGRES- House with such amendments as may have requests. SIONAL ECORD been adopted. Any Member may demand a R , so that the Committee The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. separate vote in the House on any amend- on International Relations, and all GILLMOR). Is there objection to the re- ment adopted in the Committee of the Whole Members of the House, may have suffi- quest of the gentleman from Florida? to the bill or to the committee amendment cient time to review them. To facili- Mr. VOLKMER. Reserving the right in the nature of a substitute as modified. tate maximum efficiency in the use of to object, Mr. Speaker, I thank the ma- The previous question shall be considered as the amendment time, the rule allows jority for consulting with the minority ordered on the bill and amendments thereto the chairman of the International Re- lations Committee, or his designee, to on this request, and the minority to final passage without intervening motion except one motion to recommit with or with- offer amendments en bloc consisting of agrees with the request. preprinted amendments and subject to Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva- out instructions. SEC. 2. It shall be in order at any time for 10 minutes of debate equally divided tion of objection. the chairman of the Committee on Inter- and controlled. Once the 10-hour period The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there national Relations or a designee to offer has concluded, additional amendments objection to the request of the gen- amendments en bloc consisting of amend- that have been preprinted may be con- tleman from Florida? ments printed in the portion of the Congres- sidered with 10 minutes of debate time, There was no objection. sional Record designated for that purpose in equally divided, until 2:30 on Thursday f clause 6 of rule XXIII or germane modifica- afternoon. At that time certain, the tions of any such amendment. Amendments amendment process will be concluded AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTERESTS en bloc offered pursuant to this section shall and the committee shall rise and re- ACT OF 1995 be considered as read (except that modifica- port the bill to the House with such tions shall be reported), shall not be subject amendments as have been adopted. Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, by direction to amendment or to a division of the ques- of the Committee on Rules, I call up The previous question shall be con- tion in the House or in the Committee of the sidered as ordered on the bill and House Resolution 155 and ask for its Whole and shall be debatable for ten minutes amendments thereto to final passage. immediate consideration. equally divided and controlled by the chair- The rule does allow for one motion to The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- man and ranking minority member of the recommit with or without instructions. lows: Committee on International Relations or Because of the reach and complexity of their designees. For the purpose of inclusion H. RES. 155 this bill, the rule includes a series of in such amendments en bloc, an amendment Resolved, That at any time after the adop- important waivers that Members printed in the form of a motion to strike tion of this resolution the Speaker may, pur- should be aware of. may be modified to the form of a germane suant to clause 1(b) of rule XXIII, declare the perfecting amendment to the text originally First, the rule waives the 3-day avail- House resolved into the Committee of the proposed to be stricken. The original pro- ability requirement for committee re- Whole House on the State of the Union for ponent of an amendment included in such ports. The committee did file its report consideration of the bill (H.R. 1561) to con- amendments en bloc may insert a statement on Friday evening, which makes today solidate the foreign affairs agencies of the in the Congressional Record immediately be- the second legislative day that it was United States; to authorize appropriations fore the disposition of the amendments en available. Although we generally do for the Department of State and related bloc. not like to provide this waiver, the agencies for fiscal years 1996 and 1997; to re- Rules Committee felt that, given the sponsibly reduce the authorizations of appro- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- rush of legislative business expected priations for United States foreign assist- tleman from Florida [Mr. GOSS] is rec- after the Memorial Day recess, it is ance programs for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, ognized for 1 hour. necessary to conclude consideration of and for other purposes. The first reading of Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, for the pur- H.R. 1561 this week. Because we wanted the bill shall be dispensed with. Points of pose of debate only, I yield the cus- to allow as much amendment time as order against consideration of the bill for tomary 30 minutes to the gentleman possible within that constraint, this failure to comply with clause 2(l)(6) of rule from Ohio [Mr. HALL], pending which I wavier is needed so we can get started XI or section 302(f), 303(a), 308(a), or 402(a) of yield myself such time as I may today. the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 are The rule also waives clause 5(a) of waived. General debate shall be confined to consume. During consideration of this resolution, all time yielded is for the rule XXI, prohibiting appropriations on the bill and shall not exceed two hours a legislative bill—a waiver that applies equally divided and controlled by the chair- purpose of debate only. (Mr. GOSS asked and was given per- to technical language in 15 sections of man and ranking minority member of the this bill. The International Relations Committee on International Relations. After mission to revise and extend his re- Committee has provided a list of the general debate the bill shall be considered marks and include extraneous mate- specific sections affected by this waiv- for amendment under the five-minute rule rial.) for an initial period of ten hours. After such er, most of which deal with the trans- Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased fer and reallocation of funds. initial period, amendments shall be debat- to bring to the House this rule for the able only as provided in clause 6 of rule Finally, the rule provides several XXIII or in section 2 of this resolution. Con- consideration of H.R. 1561, the Amer- Budget Act waivers, all of which have sideration for amendment may not continue ican Overseas Interests Act of 1995. Al- been cleared by the Budget Committee. beyond 2:30 p.m. on Thursday, May 25, 1995. though this rule is somewhat com- These waivers apply to sections 302(f), It shall be in order to consider as an original plicated, it is a modified open rule that 303(a), 308(a), and 402(a) of the Budget bill for the purpose of amendment under the provides Members the widest possible Act. five-minute rule the amendment in the na- latitude in directing the debate and of- Respectively, these waivers pertain ture of a substitute recommended by the fering amendments, while bringing to consideration of legislation provid- ing new entitlement authority in ex- Committee on International Relations now consideration of this bill to closure at printed in the bill modified by deleting sec- cess of a committee’s allocation, con- tion 2210. The committee amendment in the the end of this legislative week. sideration of budgetary legislation nature of a substitute as modified shall be First, the nuts and bolts: This rule prior to adoption of the budget resolu- considered as read. Points of order against provides for 2 hours of general debate tion, the requirement of a CBO cost es- the committee amendment in the nature of a equally divided between the chairman timate in the committee report on leg- substitute as modified for failure to comply and ranking member of the Committee islation containing new entitlement H 5390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 spending or budget authority, and in- free-for-all and might end up shutting I have long been frustrated that this clusion of credit authority not subject out important debate on certain issues Congress has failed to reauthorize our to appropriations in advance. if the time runs out. Instead, Mr. HAM- foreign aid policies since 1985—a failure I should note for Members’ comfort ILTON suggested that it would be better that has meant piecemeal tinkering level that the Budget Committee has for the 13 members of the Rules Com- with our foreign policy priorities with- scrutinized these waiver requests care- mittee to pick the big issues and struc- out the comprehensive restructuring fully to ensure that we do not end up ture the debate. that the changing times demand. creating a serious budget problem—in Having lived through three previous fact, one waiver requested by the Inter- Congresses as part of the minority— The American people must under- national Relations Committee dealing when the Rules Committee routinely stand that this bill reflects a signifi- with a lease-purchase agreement did made such executive decisions about cant cut in foreign aid designed to put raise red flags at the Budget Commit- which amendments would be consid- our foreign policy programs into full tee, and as a result this rule removes ered and which would not—I have to compliance with the balanced budget the offending section from the commit- disagree with my friend. I believe all resolution the House passed just last tee amendment. 435 Members of this House were sent week. With entire authorization for I wish to commend Chairman GILMAN here to have a voice on important leg- foreign aid totaling just over 1 percent and his staff for meeting the Rules islation and is should be up to the will of the total budget, the funding levels Committee’s request for detailed and of the House, with strong guidance by in this bill are nearly 10 percent below specific waiver descriptions. The result the floor managers and party leaders, the President’s request, and more than may be a more complicated rule, but it to determine the path of the debate, 5 percent below the current year’s should provide Members with a much within a reasonable allotment of time. budget. I know foreign aid is not popu- higher level of comfort than the blan- Mr. Speaker, before I conclude, I must lar—and for the past 4 years I have ket waivers of years passed. commend Chairman GILMAN and Rank- voted against foreign aid appropria- All in all, Mr. Speaker, this is a very ing Member HAMILTON for their work in tions, primarily because every year we fair rule, in keeping with the tradition bringing forward this bill, which seeks kept spending money without complet- of this House when this type of impor- to bring our Nation’s foreign policy es- ing the work of redirecting our prior- tant foreign policy legislation has been tablishment into the 21st century. ities and fundamentally restructuring considered. I would like to address the By streamlining the Department of our policies. That is what H.R. 1561 concerns raised by my friend, the gen- State, eliminating three agencies and does. tleman from Indiana [Mr. HAMILTON], re-defining our foreign aid priorities to the ranking member of the Inter- meet the enormous budget constraints I look forward to a vibrant debate— national Relations Committee, who we face, H.R. 1561 shakes up the status and some important amendments on suggested that allowing an open quo and responds to the will of the this landmark legislation. I urge sup- amendment process might lead to a American people. port for this rule. THE AMENDMENT PROCESS UNDER SPECIAL RULES REPORTED BY THE RULES COMMITTEE,1 103D CONGRESS V. 104TH CONGRESS [As of May 22, 1995]

103d Congress 104th Congress Rule type Number of rules Percent of total Number of rules Percent of total

Open/Modified-open 2 ...... 46 44 28 75 Modified Closed 3 ...... 49 47 9 25 Closed 4 ...... 9 9 0 0 Totals: ...... 104 100 37 100 1 This table applies only to rules which provide for the original consideration of bills, joint resolutions or budget resolutions and which provide for an amendment process. It does not apply to special rules which only waive points of order against appropriations bills which are already privileged and are considered under an open amendment process under House rules. 2 An open rule is one under which any Member may offer a germane amendment under the five-minute rule. A modified open rule is one under which any Member may offer a germane amendment under the five-minute rule subject only to an overall time limit on the amendment process and/or a requirement that the amendment be preprinted in the Congressional Record. 3 A modified closed rule is one under which the Rules Committee limits the amendments that may be offered only to those amendments designated in the special rule or the Rules Committee report to accompany it, or which preclude amendments to a particular portion of a bill, even though the rest of the bill may be completely open to amendment. 4 A closed rule is one under which no amendments may be offered (other than amendments recommended by the committee in reporting the bill).

SPECIAL RULES REPORTED BY THE RULES COMMITTEE, 104TH CONGRESS [As of May 22, 1995]

H. Res. No. (Date rept.) Rule type Bill No. Subject Disposition of rule

H. Res. 38 (1/18/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 5 ...... Unfunded Mandate Reform ...... A: 350–71 (1/19/95). H. Res. 44 (1/24/95) ...... MC ...... H. Con. Res. 17 ...... Social Security ...... A: 255–172 (1/25/95). H.J. Res. 1. Balanced Budget Amdt. H. Res. 51 (1/31/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 101 ...... Land Transfer, Taos Pueblo Indians ...... A: voice vote (2/1/95). H. Res. 52 (1/31/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 400 ...... Land Exchange, Arctic Nat’l. Park and Preserve ...... A: voice vote (2/1/95). H. Res. 53 (1/31/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 440 ...... Land Conveyance, Butte County, Calif...... A: voice vote (2/1/95). H. Res. 55 (2/1/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 2 ...... Line Item Veto ...... A: voice vote (2/2/95). H. Res. 60 (2/6/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 665 ...... Victim Restitution ...... A: voice vote (2/7/95). H. Res. 61 (2/6/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 666 ...... Exclusionary Rule Reform ...... A: voice vote (2/7/95). H. Res. 63 (2/8/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 667 ...... Violent Criminal Incarceration ...... A: voice vote (2/9/95). H. Res. 69 (2/9/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 668 ...... Criminal Alien Deportation ...... A: voice vote (2/10/95). H. Res. 79 (2/10/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 728 ...... Law Enforcement Block Grants ...... A: voice vote (2/13/95). H. Res. 83 (2/13/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 7 ...... National Security Revitalization ...... PQ: 229–100; A: 227–127 (2/15/95). H. Res. 88 (2/16/95) ...... MC ...... H.R. 831 ...... Health Insurance Deductibility ...... PQ: 230–191; A: 229–188 (2/21/95). H. Res. 91 (2/21/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 830 ...... Paperwork Reduction Act ...... A: voice vote (2/22/95). H. Res. 92 (2/21/95) ...... MC ...... H.R. 889 ...... Defense Supplemental ...... A: 282–144 (2/22/95). H. Res. 93 (2/22/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 450 ...... Regulatory Transition Act ...... A: 252–175 (2/23/95). H. Res. 96 (2/24/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 1022 ...... Risk Assessment ...... A: 253–165 (2/27/95). H. Res. 100 (2/27/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 926 ...... Regulatory Reform and Relief Act ...... A: voice vote (2/28/95). H. Res. 101 (2/28/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 925 ...... Private Property Protection Act ...... A: 271–151 (3/2/95) H. Res. 104 (3/3/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 988 ...... Attorney Accountability Act ...... A: voice vote (3/6/95) H. Res. 103 (3/3/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 1058 ...... Securities Litigation Reform ...... H. Res. 105 (3/6/95) ...... MO ...... A: 257–155 (3/7/95) H. Res. 108 (3/7/95) ...... Debate ...... H.R. 956 ...... Product Liability Reform ...... A: voice vote (3/8/95) H. Res. 109 (3/8/95) ...... MC ...... PQ: 234–191 A: 247–181 (3/9/95) H. Res. 115 (3/14/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 1159 ...... Making Emergency Supp. Approps...... A: 242–190 (3/15/95) H. Res. 116 (3/15/95) ...... MC ...... H.J. Res. 73 ...... Term Limits Const. Amdmt.t ...... A: voice vote (3/28/95) H. Res. 117 (3/16/95) ...... Debate ...... H.R. 4 ...... Personal Responsibility Act of 1995 ...... A: voice vote (3/21/95) H. Res. 119 (3/21/95) ...... MC ...... A: 217–211 (3/22/95) H. Res. 125 (4/3/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 1271 ...... Family Privacy Protection Act ...... A: 423–1 (4/4/95) H. Res. 126 (4/3/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 660 ...... Older Persons Housing Act ...... A: voice vote (4/6/95) H. Res. 128 (4/4/95) ...... MC ...... H.R. 1215 ...... Contract With America Tax Relief Act of 1995 ...... A: 228–204 (4/5/95) H. Res. 130 (4/5/95) ...... MC ...... H.R. 483 ...... Medicare Select Expansion ...... A: 253–172 (4/6/95) H. Res. 136 (5/1/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 655 ...... Hydrogen Future Act of 1995 ...... A: voice vote (5/2/95) H. Res. 139 (5/3/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 1361 ...... Coast Guard Auth. FY 1996 ...... A: voice vote (5/9/95) H. Res. 140 (5/9/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 961 ...... Clean Water Amendments ...... A: 414–4 (5/10/95) H. Res. 144 (5/11/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 535 ...... Fish Hatchery—Arkansas ...... A: voice vote (5/15/95) May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5391 SPECIAL RULES REPORTED BY THE RULES COMMITTEE, 104TH CONGRESS—Continued [As of May 22, 1995]

H. Res. No. (Date rept.) Rule type Bill No. Subject Disposition of rule

H. Res. 145 (5/11/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 584 ...... Fish Hatchery—Iowa ...... A: voice vote (5/15/95) H. Res. 146 (5/11/95) ...... O ...... H.R. 614 ...... Fish Hatchery—Minnesota ...... A: voice vote (5/15/95) H. Res. 149 (5/16/95) ...... MC ...... H. Con. Res. 67 ...... Budget Resolution FY 1996 ...... PQ: 252–170 A: 255–168 (5/17/95) H. Res. 155 (5/22/95) ...... MO ...... H.R. 1561 ...... American Overseas Interests Act ...... Codes: O-open rule; MO-modified open rule; MC-modified closed rule; C-closed rule; A-adoption vote; PQ-previous question vote. Source: Notices of Action Taken, Committee on Rules, 104th Congress.

Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of 920,000 new jobs in this country. It is in dent’s responsibility to manage our delicate my time. our economic interests to continue relations with China at a time of its transi- Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I meeting our foreign assistance obliga- tion in leadership. Numerous conditions on yield myself such time as I may tions. our assistance to Russia and the other New consume. As a former Peace Corps volunteer in Independent States could derail our steady (Mr. HALL of Ohio asked and was support for democratic and market reform in Thailand, I saw development assistance a region that remains the site of tens of given permission to revise and extend creating markets for American goods. thousands of nuclear weapons. Other provi- his remarks, and include extraneous The United States invested around a sions of the bill would seriously disrupt our material.) billion dollars’ in development assist- ability to move decisively when warranted Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ance in Thailand from 1953 to 1986. In by rapidly changing circumstances as well as rise in opposition to House Resolution return, Thailand bought nearly 8 bil- our relations with a variety of countries. 155, the rule limiting debate on the lion dollars’ worth of American prod- These far-reaching restrictions, combined American Overseas Interests Act of ucts in just the past 2 years. with the sharp reductions in resources for 1995. As my colleague on the other side Another major problem with this leg- the International Affairs budget, would crip- of the aisle well knows, this rule is a ple our ability to respond to the complex op- islation is its far-reaching scope which portunities and challenges of the post-Cold restrictive rule which governs a com- is not based on sound research. For ex- War world. At a time when American plicated and controversial bill. The bill ample, this bill includes the elimi- strength, vision, and leadership are essen- before us today is a mixture of foreign nation of three agencies: AID, the tial, this legislation would force our unilat- policy initiatives and reorganizations Arms Control and Disarmament Agen- eral retreat. that could change and weaken the con- cy, and USIA. Yet no sound evidence As you know, the International Affairs duct of U.S. foreign policy. In addition exists to show this will save the tax- budget represents only 1.3% of total federal to radically altering the way we con- payers any money. The American peo- spending. It has absorbed substantial real duct foreign policy, the bill is being cuts in recent years. The resources we are re- ple do not want us to be ramming bills questing, in my judgment, are the rock bot- rushed through under a rule which al- through for the sake of reorganization tom minimum we need to advance our na- lows only 10 hours for amendments and without any kind of cost analysis. tion’s vital interests. shuts off all consideration after 2:30 on Mr. Speaker, this bill has many, The International Affairs budget has al- Thursday. many other flaws. It essentially weak- ways been a prudent investment that pro- Yesterday in the House Rules Com- ens the United States’ leadership role duces clear benefits for the American people. mittee, the ranking Democrat on the in the world. Secretary of State War- It protects American lives by combating the Committee on International Relations, ren Christopher has written to the spread of nuclear weapons, the scourge of drugs, and the threat of international terror- Mr. HAMILTON, correctly pointed out Speaker and indicated he will rec- that it is not uncommon to see 100 ism. It has helped lead to the detargeting ommend a veto. and dismantlement of missiles in the former amendments on a foreign aid bill. Mr. Speaker, I include at this point Soviet Union and facilitated the departure of Under this rule, we could be making in the RECORD the letter from Sec- Russian troops from the Baltics. It has ad- substantive foreign policy decisions retary Christopher: vanced peace in the Middle East. It has based on who is recognized before the THE SECRETARY OF STATE, helped to end the violence in Northern Ire- time runs out. I was also concerned to Washington, DC, May 22, 1995. land and to assist the transition to democ- hear that the minority only received Hon. NEWT GINGRICH, racy in South Africa. It has promoted free the final committee report at 2 yester- Speaker of the House of Representatives. trade and U.S. exports, creating more than day. Waivers for violations of House DEAR MR. SPEAKER: This week, the House one million high-paying American jobs in the last two years alone. Whether in the case Rules and the Budget Act are needed in of Representatives will consider legislation that could undermine this and every future of or South America, our for- 21 areas. Mr. Speaker, this is no way to President’s ability to safeguard America’s eign assistance over the years has ultimately legislate, and I think the American leadership in the world. The ‘‘American put more dollars in the pockets of the Amer- people deserve more than this. Overseas Interests Act,’’ H.R. 1561, is deeply ican taxpayer than it has ever taken out. In addition to the obvious procedural flawed. If this bill were presented to the Moreover, the preventive diplomacy that problems, this bill itself is seriously President, I would have no choice but to rec- the International Affairs budget funds is our flawed. The International Affairs budg- ommend that the President veto it. first and least costly line of defense. Com- et represents only 1.3 percent of total H.R. 1561 wages an extraordinary assault pare the cost of diplomatic action to stem proliferation to the price we would pay if Federal spending. It has already been on this and every future President’s con- stitutional authority to manage foreign pol- rogue states obtained nuclear weapons. Com- cut by 40 percent since 1985. I am par- icy. It contains numerous restraints and re- pare the cost of promoting development to ticularly troubled with the 34 percent strictions that would do immense harm to the price of coping with famine and refugees. cut in development assistance. While our nation’s foreign policy. It drastically re- If we gut our diplomatic readiness today, we the bill earmarks $280 million for the duces our resources. And it mandates a cost- will face much greater costs and crises down Child Survival Fund, the overall reduc- ly and disruptive reorganization of the Exec- the line. H.R. 1561’s cuts in Function 150 re- tion squeezes necessary prevention ef- utive Branch that will damage our ability to source levels are flatly irresponsible. forts such as basic education, promote American interests worldwide. H.R. 1561’s elimination of ACDA, USIA, and On the most fundamental constitutional AID, as well as cuts in the State Depart- microenterprise programs and self-help grounds, I am deeply opposed to the elabo- ment’s operating expenses, threatens our initiatives that have been proven to rate and unnecessary restraints that H.R. ability to achieve our foreign policy goals work. It makes no sense to have the 1561 would impose. If enacted, they would through effective international affairs agen- United States functioning as the compromise our ability to follow through on cies. The State Department, ACDA, AID, and world’s ambulance when famine and the Framework Agreement. USIA are all proceeding vigorously with disaster occur in developing countries, They would undermine our effective partici- their own streamlining efforts. Each is ac- when we could have prevented them. pation and weaken our leverage in inter- tively cutting costs, realigning resources to In addition to saving lives, develop- national organizations. They would compel better match policy priorities, and updating ment assistance enables many coun- changes in our refugee policy that could pose communications and information tech- a serious threat to our borders, limiting the nologies. Together, these measures are low- tries to become self-sufficient enough President’s ability to respond to boat migra- ering costs and raising productivity in each to buy U.S. exports. Between 1990 and tion and possibly exacerbating the illegal of the international affairs agencies. 1993, U.S. exports to the developing smuggling of aliens into the United States. H.R. 1561 would disrupt and deflect these countries grew by $46 billion, creating The bill would seriously impair the Presi- comprehensive efforts by abolishing ACDA, H 5392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 AID, and USIA in name only and reassigning cannot lead if we do not have the tools of well as weaken our leverage in inter- their functions to the State Department. leadership at our disposal. This is equally national organizations. Numerous con- The turmoil and inevitable dislocation could true whichever party is in power at any ditions on assistance to Russia and given moment. seriously undermine the conduct of U.S. for- independent states could undermine eign policy by hampering a flexible response Last November’s elections may have to continually evolving world crises and op- changed the balance of power between the our support for democratic and market portunities. Like the Army, Navy, Air Force, parties. But they did not change—indeed, reforms in a region that remains the and Marines, which operate under the overall they enhanced—our responsibility to cooper- site of tens of thousands of nuclear direction of the Secretary of Defense, AID, ate on a bipartisan basis in foreign affairs. weapons. ACDA, and USIA each has a distinct mission The election was not a license to lose sight that can be best performed under the overall of our nation’s global interests or to launch In essence, Mr. Speaker, this bill foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of an assault on the President’s constitutional forces our retreat into isolationism at State. responsibility to conduct foreign policy. I re- a time when the United States should gret to conclude that this legislation would As the sole remaining superpower, we have be leading the world. This bill ties the have us do both. hands of the executive branch and an unprecedented opportunity to shape the Sincerely, world we seek—a world of open societies and WARREN CHRISTOPHER. weakens the United States ability to open markets. Our nation’s foreign policy Mr. Speaker, according to Secretary promote open societies and open mar- cannot be supported on the cheap; we cannot Christopher, the bill includes unneces- kets. The bill, and the rule which gov- protect our interests as the world’s most erns it, should be voted down. powerful nation if we undermine the role of sary restraints that would compromise the President or if we do not marshal the re- our ability to follow through on the I urge my colleagues to join me in sources to stand by our commitments. We North Korea Framework Agreement, as voting ‘‘no’’ on this restrictive rule. FLOOR PROCEDURE IN THE 104TH CONGRESS; COMPILED BY THE RULES COMMITTEE DEMOCRATS

Amendments Bill No. Title Resolution No. Process used for floor consideration in order

H.R. 1* ...... Compliance ...... H. Res. 6 Closed ...... None. H. Res. 6 ...... Opening Day Rules Package ...... H. Res. 5 Closed; contained a closed rule on H.R. 1 within the closed rule ...... None. H.R. 5* ...... Unfunded Mandates ...... H. Res. 38 Restrictive; Motion adopted over Democratic objection in the Committee of the Whole to limit N/A. debate on section 4; Pre-printing gets preference. H.J. Res. 2* ...... Balanced Budget ...... H. Res. 44 Restrictive; only certain substitutes ...... 2R; 4D. H. Res. 43 ...... Committee Hearings Scheduling ...... H. Res. 43 (OJ) Restrictive; considered in House no amendments ...... N/A. H.R. 2* ...... Line Item Veto ...... H. Res. 55 Open; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 665* ...... Victim Restitution Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 61 Open; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 666* ...... Exclusionary Rule Reform Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 60 Open; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 667* ...... Violent Criminal Incarceration Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 63 Restrictive; 10 hr. Time Cap on amendments ...... N/A. H.R. 668* ...... The Criminal Alien Deportation Improvement Act ...... H. Res. 69 Open; Pre-printing gets preference; Contains self-executing provision ...... N/A. H.R. 728* ...... Local Government Law Enforcement Block Grants ...... H. Res. 79 Restrictive; 10 hr. Time Cap on amendments; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 7* ...... National Security Revitalization Act ...... H. Res. 83 Restrictive; 10 hr. Time Cap on amendments; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 729* ...... Death Penalty/Habeas ...... N/A Restrictive; brought up under UC with a 6 hr. time cap on amendments ...... N/A. S. 2 ...... Senate Compliance ...... N/A Closed; Put on suspension calendar over Democratic objection ...... None. H.R. 831 ...... To Permanently Extend the Health Insurance Deduction for the Self-Em- H. Res. 88 Restrictive; makes in order only the Gibbons amendment; waives all points of order; Contains 1D. ployed. self-executing provision. H.R. 830* ...... The Paperwork Reduction Act ...... H. Res. 91 Open ...... N/A. H.R. 889 ...... Emergency Supplemental/Rescinding Certain Budget Authority ...... H. Res. 92 Restrictive; makes in order only the Obey substitute ...... 1D. H.R. 450* ...... Regulatory Moratorium ...... H. Res. 93 Restrictive; 10 hr. Time Cap on amendments; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 1022* ...... Risk Assessment ...... H. Res. 96 Restrictive; 10 hr. Time Cap on amendments ...... N/A. H.R. 926* ...... Regulatory Flexibility ...... H. Res. 100 Open ...... N/A. H.R. 925* ...... Private Property Protection Act ...... H. Res. 101 Restrictive; 12 hr. time cap on amendments; Requires Members to pre-print their amendments 1D. in the Record prior to the bill’s consideration for amendment, waives germaneness and budget act points of order as well as points of order concerning appropriating on a legisla- tive bill against the committee substitute used as base text. H.R. 1058* ...... Securities Litigation Reform Act ...... H. Res. 105 Restrictive; 8 hr. time cap on amendments; Pre-printing gets preference; Makes in order the 1D. Wyden amendment and waives germaness against it. H.R. 988* ...... The Attorney Accountability Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 104 Restrictive; 7 hr. time cap on amendments; Pre-printing gets preference ...... N/A. H.R. 956* ...... Product Liability and Legal Reform Act ...... H. Res. 109 Restrictive; makes in order only 15 germane amendments and denies 64 germane amendments 8D; 7R. from being considered. H.R. 1158 ...... Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions ...... H. Res. 115 Restrictive; Combines emergency H.R. 1158 & nonemergency 1159 and strikes the abortion pro- N/A. vision; makes in order only pre-printed amendments that include offsets within the same chapter (deeper cuts in programs already cut); waives points of order against three amend- ments; waives cl 2 of rule XXI against the bill, cl 2, XXI and cl 7 of rule XVI against the substitute; waives cl 2(e) od rule XXI against the amendments in the Record; 10 hr time cap on amendments. 30 minutes debate on each amendment. H.J. Res. 73* ...... Term Limits ...... H. Res. 116 Restrictive; Makes in order only 4 amendments considered under a ‘‘Queen of the Hill’’ proce- 1D; 3R dure and denies 21 germane amendments from being considered. H.R. 4* ...... Welfare Reform ...... H. Res. 119 Restrictive; Makes in order only 31 perfecting amendments and two substitutes; Denies 130 5D; 26R germane amendments from being considered; The substitutes are to be considered under a ‘‘Queen of the Hill’’ procedure; All points of order are waived against the amendments.. H.R. 1271* ...... Family Privacy Act ...... H. Res. 125 Open ...... N/A H.R. 660* ...... Housing for Older Persons Act ...... H. Res. 126 Open ...... N/A H.R. 1215* ...... The Contract With America Tax Relief Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 129 Restrictive; Self Executes language that makes tax cuts contingent on the adoption of a bal- 1D anced budget plan and strikes section 3006. Makes in order only one substitute. Waives all points of order against the bill, substitute made in order as original text and Gephardt sub- stitute.. H.R. 483 ...... Medicare Select Extension ...... H. Res. 130 Restrictive; waives cl 2(1)(6) of rule XI against the bill; makes H.R. 1391 in order as original 1D text; makes in order only the Dingell substitute; allows Commerce Committee to file a report on the bill at any time.. H.R. 655 ...... Hydrogen Future Act ...... H. Res 136 Open ...... N/A. H.R. 1361 ...... Coast Guard Authorization ...... H. Res 139 Open; waives sections 302(f) and 308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act against the bill’s N/A. consideration and the committee substitute; waives c1 5(a) of rule XXI against the commit- tee substitute. H.R. 961 ...... Clean Water Act ...... H. Res 140 Open; pre-printing gets preference; waives sections 302(f) and 602(b) of the Budget Act against N/A. the bill’s consideration; waives c1 7 of rule XVI, c1 5(a) of rule XXI and section 302(f) of the Budget Act against the committee substitute. Makes in order Shuster substitute as first order of business. H.R. 535 ...... Corning National Fish Hatchery Conveyance Act ...... H. Res. 144 Open ...... N/A. H.R. 584 ...... Conveyance of the Fairport National Fish Hatchery of the State of Iowa . H. Res. 145 Open ...... N/A. H.R. 614 ...... Conveyance of the New London National Fish Hatchery Production Facil- H. Res. 146 Open ...... N/A.0 ity. H. Con. Res. 67 ...... Budget Resolution ...... H. Res. 149 Restrictive; Makes in order 4 substitutes under regular order; Gephardt, Neumann/Solomon, 3D;1R Payne/Owens, President’s Budget if printed in Record on 5/17/95; waives all points of order against substitutes and concurrent resolution; suspends application of Rule XLIX with respect to the resolution; self-executes Agriculture language.. H.R. 1561 ...... American Overseas Interests Act of 1995 ...... H. Res. 155 Restrictive; Requires amendments to be printed in the Record prior to their consideration; 10 hr. N/A time cap; waives cl 2(1)(6) of rule XI against the bill’s consideration; Also waives sections 302(f), 303(a), 308(a) and 402(a) against the bill’s consideration and the committee amend- ment in order as original text; waives cl 5(a) of rule XXI against the amendment; amendment consideration is closed at 2:30 p.m. on May 25, 1995. Self-executes provision which removes section 2210 from the bill. This was done at the request of the Budget Committee.. * Contract Bills, 67% restrictive; 33% open. ** All legislation, 65% restrictive; 35% open. **** Restrictive rules are those which limit the number of amendments which can be offered, and include so called modified open and modified closed rules as well as completely closed rules and rules providing for consideration in the House as opposed to the Committee of the Whole. This definition of restrictive rule is taken from the Republican chart of resolutions reported from the Rules Committee in the 103rd Congress. **** Not included in this chart are three bills which should have been placed on the Suspension Calendar. H.R. 101, H.R. 400, H.R. 440. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5393 b 1300 nority member on the Committee on There is one message that the aver- Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of the Budget. age American wanted to send to Con- my time. Mr. SABO. Mr. Speaker, I thank my gress last November. It was: It is time Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 colleague for yielding me this time. to take care of our own people and our minutes to the gentleman from New Here we go again. Once more we have own problems first, for a change. a major piece of legislation before us, York [Mr. GILMAN], chairman of the Last week this House adopted a bal- committee, who will, I believe, explain and the Republican majority has struc- anced budget which will balance our tured a rule to get around all kinds of this bill more fully. budget by cutting spending, and, for Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to serious Budget Act violations. the first time, we are starting to cut, I The rule waives four separate sec- support House Resolution 155, the rule think, spending in foreign aid. tions of the Congressional Budget Act: under which it is proposed that the Somehow, the Clinton administra- The section prohibiting spending in ex- House consider H.R. 1561, the American tion has not gotten the word, however, cess of the committee’s allocation, the Overseas Interests Act. from the American people. Yesterday section prohibiting consideration of di- The Rules Committee, under the able the Secretary of State sent us this let- rect spending bills before the budget chairmanship of the gentleman from ter, a 3-page letter, speaking out resolution is in place, the section re- New York [Mr. SOLOMON], has proposed against this bill. The Secretary does quiring lending programs be made sub- a rule that provides an excellent not want any cuts in foreign aid, but he ject to appropriations, and the section framework for the House to consider wants increases. The Secretary does requiring new spending authority to be and debate this very important bill. not want any cuts in the State Depart- disclosed in the committee report. ment bureaucracy. He wants more bu- I would like to thank my good friend, These Budget Act violations are not reaucrats spending more money over- the distinguished chairman of the minor. According to CBO, the bill in- seas. The Secretary does not want the Rules Committee, the gentleman from creases direct spending by at least $200 New York, for his expeditious action in Congress involved in foreign policy. million in budget authority over 5 Well, the Secretary of State is an scheduling the Rules Committee for an years. Let me be clear, these are new honorable and decent man, but the Sec- early hearing to consider our request spending, of direct spending authority, retary of State is totally out of touch for a rule. not changes in authorization. The proposed rule requires pre-print- The reason we have a Budget Act is with the reality and with the American ing of amendments in the RECORD and to help us think through the budget ef- people. His views are out of date with provides adequate time for full debate. fects of legislation before we pass it. the realities of today’s world, and his I would urge my colleagues to bear in We should not be waiving the budget policies are out of sync with even our mind—however—that the leadership rules so cavalierly on such an impor- closest allies around the globe. has set a requirement that all debate tant bill. The bottom line is the Clinton ad- on H.R. 1561 end by 2:30 p.m. on Thurs- Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 ministration wants business as usual in day, May 25. minutes to the gentleman from Wis- foreign aid and in foreign policy, and H.R. 1561 is a complex bill, addressing consin [Mr. ROTH], a distinguished we Republicans want change. This is the very fabric of our foreign affairs member of the Committee on Inter- what this legislation is all about, real- operations and foreign assistance pro- national Relations. ly. We Americans have listened to the grams, and many Members have indi- Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I thank the American people; we Republicans also cated a desire to be hard on it. gentleman for yielding me this time. have listened to the American people. This rule provides for an orderly This is the second step that we Re- The Clinton administration is still process to enable those Members who publicans are taking to bring American mired in the past, trying to keep the wish to offer amendments to do so, foreign policy into line with the wishes bureaucracy and its foreign aid pro- while also ensuring that the House will of the American people. The first step grams on a lifeline support system. be able to work its will on this measure was when we passed the National Secu- I ask my colleagues to support this in a timely fashion. rity Revitalization Act, which was open rule so that we can have an open Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1561 is the first passed by the House in February, a and free debate about the needs and major challenge to the foreign policy part of the historic Contract With about the changes in our foreign pol- status quo since the cold war began America. icy. nearly 50 years ago—providing for the This bill will be debated under an Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I first major reorganization and consoli- open rule allowing for any amendment yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from dation of our foreign affairs apparatus to be offered. We have set aside nearly Missouri [Mr. VOLKMER]. in that period. 3 days for consideration of this bill. (Mr. VOLKMER asked and was given It also reauthorizes the foreign as- The rule provides for a full debate. permission to revise and extend his re- sistance programs of the United States This is in keeping with the principle of marks.) while reducing funding by nearly $1 bil- open debate which we have restored to Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Speaker, I thank lion below current levels in the first this House, overturning years of gag the gentleman for yielding me this year so as to bring them into line with rules imposed by the previous manage- time. our overall budgetary needs, while ment. I would just like to speak strongly in redirecting and targeting our resources We are confident that this legislation opposition to this rule for the simple on high priority programs. is what the American people want. reason that it is not an open or modi- H.R. 1561 embodies three priorities to Last November, our people spoke loud fied open rule, as described by the gen- ensure that our Nation can meet the and clear. They want basic changes in tleman from Florida. It is actually a challenges and take advantage of the our Government. modified closed rule. Let us call it opportunities that await us in the post- The bill today makes some of the what it is. cold-war world. basic changes. It abolishes three for- We will find out, come 2:30, Thurs- It defends our national security, sup- eign policy agencies which are left over day, how many amendments are still ports our trade and economic interests from the cold war and which have out- pending when the time comes. If we are and provides for those who have been lived their usefulness. This bill does all done, I will take my words back. hit by disaster and cannot provide for not go far enough in cutting the State But if there are amendments still pend- themselves—while cutting duplication Department, which is costing $2.5 bil- ing, you know, people were here who and waste in dozens of programs. lion a year to run, but at least it is a wanted to offer their amendments, Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 155 is step in the right direction. then they get 5 minutes on each side, a good rule under which to consider a In today’s world, with instant com- then vote on it. That is not the way we most important bill, and I urge its munications, we do not need 266 foreign do business in America’s House of Rep- adoption. missions, 266 foreign missions, which is resentatives. Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I what the State Department is cur- The other thing, as alluded to by the yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from rently running, and most important, gentleman from Minnesota, they Minnesota [Mr. SABO], the ranking mi- this bill cuts some foreign aid. waived budget requirements, one of H 5394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 which even put in the rules themselves. the bill. I will say more about that in TON], the ranking member of the Com- So we cannot even follow our own rules the course of the debate on the bill it- mittee on International Relations, and on the budget. self. say we tried very hard to have a bal- And the other, last thing I would like But let me just make a few com- ance between a free-for-all and the to say is the gentleman from Wisconsin ments with respect to the rule. I think structured rule that gets the major de- just talked about how great a bill this all of us in this Chamber would agree bate, and we came to the conclusion was. It cuts back on us being able to that good procedure can enhance the that we provided the parameters, and continue democratization throughout legislative product that comes out of we hope the floor managers will be able this world. We have more democracies this Chamber. I do not think that this to lead the debate in a way that will now than we ever had before. This bill rule qualifies as good legislative proce- get the major issues out there. Under takes us back to isolationism, except dure. the recognition system that we have, in one area, one big area. This bill will Imposing a time cap on debate for 10 there is priority given to the members fund more abortions in foreign lands hours, including voting time, with all of the committee, as the gentleman than we do right here in the United of the amendments pending here, cer- well knows, and I know that if his side States. That is what this bill does. For tainly we will have a number of votes, of the aisle holds him in as much re- some reason or other, this bill is great, is going to restrict and constrain de- spect that people on this side of the they say, to provide the killing of ba- bate. aisle do, that truly that they will lis- bies out there in other lands. We do not The first point, then, is simply that ten to his governance as we go through even do it here in the United States. time is too short under this bill. It is this, and I know that the people on our I think that this rule should be de- an arbitrary time limit. side of the aisle have equal respect for feated and we should go back and have This bill generates a lot of amend- our chairman. So I think we will have an open rule so we can address all of ments. In the last Congress, floor time a good debate. the problems with this bill. on the State Department authorization Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the Mr. DIAZ-BALART. Mr. Speaker, I bill and the foreign aid bill, excluding distinguished gentleman from San want to thank my distinguished col- voting time, consumed nearly 20 hours. Dimas, CA [Mr. DREIER], an instrumen- league, the gentleman from Florida, H.R. 1561 includes a new component, in tal Member of this House and my lead- for yielding me this time. addition to those two components, a er in spirit on the Committee on Rules. Chairman GILMAN has done an ex- radical reorganization of the U.S. for- (Mr. DREIER asked and was given traordinary job, along with the other eign policy apparatus. permission to revise and extend his re- members of the Committee on Inter- b marks.) national Relations, and they should all 1315 Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I thank be commended for this fine piece of leg- So time is very severely constrained the gentleman from Sanibel, the dis- islation, as should Chairman SOLOMON here. tinguished chairman of the Sub- and my colleagues on the Committee Second, this is really not an open committee on Legislative and Budget on Rules for bringing forth a fair rule, rule, and it should not be so described. Process, for yielding me this time. Mr. Speaker, a fair rule. As an institution, the Committee on Mr. Speaker, I want to take just a It permits any amendment that any Rules in the House needs a rational few minutes to discuss the changes Member may have to be brought to the mechanism to ensure that major ques- that have taken place in the procedure floor. We have 2 hours of general de- tions are debated on this bill or any of bringing rules to this floor over bate after this hour on the rule, and other bill. That outcome depends not years in the past. There is a fundamen- then we have got another 10 hours for on how we describe the rule, open, or tal disagreement that is being ex- debating this bill. modified, or whatever, but on whether pressed today on the rule for this This is an important bill, Mr. Speak- the Committee on Rules makes sure American Overseas Interest Act re- er. You know, when you project it over that there is a process for thorough garding the actual role of the Commit- the 7-year balanced budget glidepath, consideration of all of the major issues tee on Rules. We all recognize, we rec- this bill is expected to save $21 billion in the bill, and I think the job of the ognize that despite our support for the of taxpayer money at the same time Committee on Rules is to identify the most open and fair process possible, that it lays forth the framework for major policy issues presented by this scheduling constraints, when we are continued American leadership in the or any other bill and then to permit dealing with 435 Members, often re- world. adequate time for debate on each one quire some kind of time limit, espe- At this time, Mr. Speaker, when we of those major policy issues. That is cially when we see the kinds of prob- are commencing the critical fiscal bat- the job of the Committee on Rules, and lems that have existed with the use of, tle to save America’s economic future I do not think they have fulfilled that quite frankly, a filibuster by amend- by balancing the budget, this bill will function here today. ment in the past. The most relevant prohibit foreign aid to countries that Finally, Mr. Speaker, I think the rule standard that we should use when we engage in intelligence activities within creates a faulty process for consider- look at rules that are considered is not the United States, harmful to the na- ation of the bill. I say, you have a 10- purely the issue of openness, but in tional security of our country, that hour time cap, you throw the bill open fact the question of fairness. It is dis- provide lethal military equipment to a for amendment at any point, and you ingenuous to claim that every single country that has repeatedly provided create a kind of free-for-all, making structured rule is equally onerous to support for acts of international ter- the foreign policy of the United States, the minority or to the process of rep- rorism or countries that consistently under this rule, dependent on who gets resentative democracy, and rhetori- oppose the United States in the United recognized first. Russia could be de- cally I would like to pose the following Nations. I think it is about time we bated for 5 minutes; family planning question as we look at the consider- take these steps. for 5 hours. That’s not the message ation of these rules: I want to commend Chairman GIL- that we want to send to the world First, in the process of structuring MAN for including these important about how the Congress of the United floor consideration to permit the matters in this critical legislation. States makes foreign policy and shapes schedule to proceed; is the Committee Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I U.S. foreign policy. on Rules structuring debate for mere yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Mr. Speaker, I just think we can do a political advantage? And obviously, in Indiana [Mr. HAMILTON], former chair- lot better than this rule that we have the case of this rule, the answer to that man of the committee, now ranking today. We should reject it, and I urge a is no. minority member. ‘‘no’’ vote on it. Are the rules being used arbitrarily Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- to bring either political benefit or re- thank the gentleman for yielding me self such time as I may consume. lief? And obviously the answer to that this time. Mr. Speaker, I would like to just question is a resounding no. Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to briefly respond to the distinguished There is a time limit on floor consid- the rule. I, of course, will also oppose gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HAMIL- eration of this bill restructuring the May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5395 foreign aid bureaucracy. That is un- vote on a certain issue. That is what spect immensely, as he well knows, but questionably a restriction on open de- often happens when a highly structured 10 hours of debate can hardly be a gag bate, but at the same time it is also a rule is used. We are trying desperately rule, and I thought we were doing a bill that could take weeks, and weeks, to minimize that procedure. So, if we favor to the gentleman’s party by mak- and weeks to conclude if there were no will use the guide of fairness, rather ing sure that we had a family friendly structure whatsoever to the debate. than simply openness, I believe that we evening one or two nights this week, so My very good friend, the former will be able to have virtually every we were trying to extend out the de- chairman of the Committee on Foreign public policy proposal considered. bate as best we could during the day- Affairs, the gentleman from Indiana Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I time. We simply ran out of week. [Mr. HAMILTON], as my friend from yield 4 minutes to the distinguished Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the Florida has said, is one of the most gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. gentleman yield? highly respected Members of the MOAKLEY], the former chairman of the Mr. GOSS. I yield to the gentleman House. He came to the Committee on Committee on Rules, now ranking mi- from Massachusetts. Rules yesterday and opposed a time nority member, and my good friend Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the limit. He preferred a structured rule in who is humorous and a great leader. gentleman knows when we were in the which the Committee on Rules ensured Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank majority that we gave 20 hours. It was adequate debate of the key foreign pol- the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. HALL] more than ample time to discuss it, icy issues of the day. for yielding this time to me, and I and no amendments, and no bearers of The concern with time limits ex- thank him for that outstanding intro- amendments, were lying dead at the pressed by Members on both sides of duction, but, Mr. Speaker, this bill has rostrum down there. the aisle has been that some amend- got a lot of problems: Mr. GOSS. Reclaiming my time, I ments may not be able to be offered It limits the President’s authority, it thank the gentleman for his observa- within the time cap. Under the regular restricts U.S. foreign policy options, tion. I was only commenting on the rules of the House, Mr. Speaker, it is and it weakens U.S. national security. gag question. A 10-hour gag is a long especially possible that amendments of This bill also reorganizes the State gap, and I think that most people, Members not sitting on the committee Department. Now, that sounds like it when this debate gets going, are going of jurisdiction will not be offered. This could be a good thing. But, in this case, to agree that we are going to have is a very legitimate concern. it is reorganizing for the sake of reor- pretty free and open debate, and per- Time limit opponents, if they intend ganization, it will actually increase the haps the concerns of the gentleman to contribute something relevant to bureaucracy, double the number of em- from Indiana [Mr. HAMILTON], that we these rule debates, must recognize that ployees, and triple the budget. were going to have a free-for-all, will any limitation on debate has the po- So why are Republicans doing this? be more on target than ‘‘Members tential, the potential for important It cuts our foreign aid resources won’t have a chance to speak.’’ amendments not being offered on the when the requirements for U.S. leader- Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the floor. The vehicle could be a time cap ship are increasing. distinguished gentleman from Indiana or the Committee on Rules listing It places constraints and earmarks [Mr. BURTON]. which amendments are in order and, on U.S. policy that will hinder this and conversely, which are not. any future President’s ability to con- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speak- The new majority, the new majority duct foreign policy. er, I thank the gentleman from Florida on the Committee on Rules, has re- In this post-cold-war world, global re- for yielding this time to me. ported a large number of rules in which alities are drastically shifting and First of all, I think this is a fair rule. a time cap has been used. The reason is American foreign policy should respond Ten hours should be a sufficient very simple, Mr. Speaker. After years to those shifts. We should not be limit- amount of time to debate this issue, in the minority, during which time the ing our ability to create new markets but I want to talk about something 9-to-4 majority on the Committee on and protect U.S. security interests. else today of very, very great impor- Rules structured rules to stack the Some of the most dangerous and tance. deck politically for the majority, we short-sighted cuts are in development I remember a few years ago when the learned how unfair highly structured assistance. These projects help pro- Berlin Wall was up, and we saw an East rules can be. mote economic stability, create mar- German soldier running through Time limits, I will acknowledge, are kets for American goods, and promote barbed wire with his weapon not perfect. However, it is possible democracy and human rights abroad. his hand to freedom, and everybody in with time limits for the chairman and These programs enhance our secu- the world applauded. It was on the ranking member of a bill’s committee rity. They are the right thing to do and front of, I think, Life magazine and a of jurisdiction to minimize the draw- they should not be cut. So, Mr. Speak- bunch of other magazines showing this backs of those time limits. They are er, I urge my colleagues to oppose this man in his great dash for freedom from recognized for amendments before gag rule. It is another in a long string Communist oppression, and we all ap- other Members. Through this authority of Republican broken promises. This plauded that, and just 2 or 3 years ago a chairman and ranking member can rule provides for a 10-hour time cap and from Cuba we had captain in the Cuban ensure that the most important sets a drop-dead deadline for amend- Air Force fly his jet to freedom in amendments are addressed first. In ad- ments of 2:30 on Thursday. Miami, and he told about the repres- dition, Mr. Speaker, the rules of the One look at this rule and one would sion of that government, and every- House permit consent agreements lim- think we had a lot of other business in body applauded that, and then just last iting time for debate on amendments the House this week. Or, at least you year I believe a man, a Cuban Amer- to avoid amendments consuming all of would think we have a lot to do after ican, took a small aircraft, and flew the time. the recess. under the radar screen into Communist The choice is very simple. Give the But, we do not. There are no bills Cuba, landed on a small street, a dirt authority to structure debate to the scheduled for the week we get back. I road, and picked up his family, and highly partisan Committee on Rules or urge my colleagues to oppose this rule; flew them to freedom in Marathon, FL, permit the chairman and ranking thoughtful consideration of American and everybody in the world applauded. member of the committees of jurisdic- foreign policy is much more important Here was a man fleeing Communist op- tion to largely set the course of debate. than the Memorial Day celebrations pression. The State Department has de- Now, Mr. Speaker, I think there is no that are coming up. clared the dictatorship of Fidel Castro question that the more fair way to set Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- a brutal dictatorship. Just last July 13, debate is to give both parties a chance self such time as I may consume. the March 13 tugboat containing 85 to bring amendments to the floor with- Mr. Speaker, I always appreciate the women, and children, and men was try- out having the Committee on Rules remarks of the distinguished gen- ing to get to freedom, fleeing Com- block certain amendments simply be- tleman from the Commonwealth of munist oppression in Castro’s dictator- cause our leadership does not want to Massachusetts [Mr. MOAKLEY] who I re- ship. H 5396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 b 1330 of the humanitarian crisis is now, the Republican plan. The Acheson plan The Cuban Navy came up alongside which is in the continent of Africa. Ac- is what it really is. It sometimes has and with power hoses were washing tually, the whole fund has been cut al- been called the Helms plan. It is to people off of the deck. Women were ready by 40 percent. consolidate these agencies. This should holding their babies up, showing the It hurts investments in other na- be done. Cuban Navy there were children on tions. For every dollar that we invest I mention this because it seems to board, and they kept the power hoses overseas, we get it back two and three me these issues are neither partisan on them. The woman went down into and four times every year. We get it nor ideological. They should be ad- the bowels of the tugboat to protect back in jobs, we get it back in money, dressed in an atmosphere which is the the kids. The Cuban Navy pulled up we get it back in trade. focus of one question and one question alongside and, using the orders directly As a country, we need to step up to only: What is the best thing for our from Fidel Castro, they pointed the the plate and lead in the world. That is country to do? hoses into the hold and sunk the ship, our role, that is our responsibility, I congratulate the gentleman from drowning those women and children whether we like it or not. This bill New York, Chairman GILMAN, for like rats. erodes our strength and our ability to bringing this bill to the floor in such a That is the kind of dictatorship we lead. prompt manner. He has provided strong have in Communist Cuba today. That Mr. Speaker, I would urge a ‘‘no’’ leadership for those of us in the com- is the kind of dictatorship we had in vote on the rule, and certainly a ‘‘no’’ mittee, helping us to cope with the fun- East Germany under the Communists, vote on the bill. damental changes in this world. The and in the old Soviet Union. People did Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of world has been changing dramatically not want to live in that kind of hell. If my time. since the start of this decade, and this you read Armando Valladares’ book Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 fresh approach embodied in our bill is ‘‘Against All Hope,’’ you know of the minutes to the distinguished gentle- an appropriate response to these horrible oppression and torture that woman from Florida [Ms. ROS- changes. goes on in the Communist gulags, the LEHTINEN], also a member of the Sub- Mr. Speaker, I hope that all of our prisons, in Castro’s Cuba. committee on the Western Hemisphere. colleagues urge a ‘‘yes’’ vote in the Mr. Speaker, it is with great concern Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I adoption of this rule. and dismay that the American people rise to urge passage of this rule, which Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup- see today that the Clinton administra- I believe is very fair to all Members of port of this rule. tion is equating illegal aliens coming the House. It is important to move Mr. Speaker, we have before us what I firm- across the Mexican border by the mil- quickly on passage of the American ly believe to be the fairest rule possible under lions with the few thousand people flee- Overseas Interest Act, which sets forth the current circumstances. ing Communist oppression in Castro’s a bold and far-reaching reorganization In putting this rule together, the Rules Com- horrible dictatorship in Cuba. and consolidation of the foreign affairs mittee tried, first, to accommodate the leader- said these people were il- agencies of our country. ship of the House and the extraordinary de- legal immigrants, and there were only This bill begins a measured, delib- mands that are being placed on the floor about twelve or thirteen thousand in erate process of reducing expenditures schedule. the last year that tried to flee Castro’s in the field of foreign affairs, which is Given the rather small windows of oppor- dictatorship. The reason this is being consistent with the overall plan to tunity that is available for consideration of H.R. done is because Castro forced people bring our budget into balance by the 1561, this rule represents our best effort to down to the shores, telling them they year 2002. make optimum use of the time the House will were going to go to prison if they did The consolidation of the agencies by in session this week. not leave that country, when he sent eliminating duplication and blurred Our second consideration at the Rules 30,000 people over here for political pur- lines of authority and responsibility Committee was to consult as best we could poses. will contribute to the Secretary of with the minority to try to understand their con- Let me just say the policies of this State’s ability to adapt the foreign pol- cerns. administration are wrong headed re- icy programs of this Government to Having been in the minority for so long our- garding Cuba. It is still a Communist the new era of fiscal austerity. I be- selves, we Republicans know how it feels. dictatorship. Sending people back to lieve this is a very positive construc- We tried to strike a proper balance between Cuba today is like throwing people tive approach to the challenges that we the time permitted for general debate and the seeking freedom back over the Berlin face in reducing our Federal deficit. time permitted for consideration of amend- Wall. It is a terrible mistake, Mr. Unfortunately, the bureaucratic im- ments. President. pulse to oppose change has led some in Given the schedule constraints we are work- Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I the administration and elsewhere to ing under, we have struck a good balance that yield myself such time as I may attempt to oppose the consolidation of moves at least some of the way the minority consume. these agencies by labeling supporters asked us to go. Mr. Speaker, this is, in my opinion, a of the committee bill as isolationists Finally, Mr. Speaker, the Rules Committee very dangerous bill. It worries many or new isolationists. Nothing could be examined some of the past precedents for leaders of the world, of other nations. further from the truth. dealing with foreign aid legislation, particularly It worries many agencies and many In fact, the consolidation proposal the bills that were brought before the House people in this country. At a time when has a very long history. One of the during the 1980's. the U.S. should be leading in the world, greatest international statesmen that I myself served on the Foreign Affairs Com- this can force us, in my opinion it will this country produced strongly be- mittee during most of the 1980's under the force us, to take a back seat into isola- lieved that the foreign affairs programs leadership of then-Chairman Dante Fascell, tionism. of this country should be an integral one of the great statesmen of this House. It cripples agencies without any ben- part of the State Department’s pro- We found ample precedent for imposing an efit. Many agencies will be eliminated. grams. overall time limit on the amendment process, The best agency in my opinion, AID, In fact, in 1945 when the then Assist- for requiring the printing of amendments in the and the great humanitarian work that ant Secretary was offered a substantial CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, and for granting the they do will be put into the State De- promotion to become the Director of chairman of the Committee of Original Juris- partment. It will defeat the purpose it the Independent Foreign Aid Agency, diction authority to present amendments en was designed for. Many decisions based Dean Acheson turned down the job be- bloc. on humanitarian aid now will be made cause he insisted that neither the job And so I strongly urge Members to support with political purposes in mind, which nor the agency should exist, that for- this rule. is wrong. eign aid should be run as part of the This is a good rule. It meets the needs we It cuts development assistance by 34 State Department. face under the present circumstances. percent to the poorest of nations all There is a delicious irony in the fact And it will permit the House to work its will over the world, including where most that we should now call this proposal on H.R. 1561. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5397

GENERAL LEAVE Baker (LA) Gilchrest Nussle Hall (OH) McHale Sabo Ballenger Gillmor Ortiz Hall (TX) McKinney Sanders Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Barr Gilman Oxley Hamilton McNulty Sawyer mous consent that all Members may Barrett (NE) Goodlatte Packard Hancock Meehan Schroeder have 5 legislative days within which to Bartlett Goodling Parker Harman Meek Schumer revise and extend their remarks on Barton Goss Paxon Hastings (FL) Menendez Scott Bass Graham Peterson (MN) Hayes Mfume Serrano House Resolution 155, providing for the Bateman Gunderson Petri Hefner Miller (CA) Sisisky consideration of H.R. 1561. Bereuter Gutknecht Pombo Hilliard Mineta Skaggs The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Bilbray Hansen Porter Holden Minge Slaughter Bilirakis Hastert Hoyer Mink GILLMOR). Is there objection to the re- Portman Spratt Bliley Hastings (WA) Pryce Jackson-Lee Moakley Stark quest of the gentleman from Florida? Blute Hayworth Quillen Johnson (SD) Mollohan Stenholm There was no objection. Boehlert Hefley Quinn Johnson, E.B. Montgomery Stokes Boehner Heineman Radanovich Johnston Moran Studds Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I Kanjorski Neal Bonilla Herger Ramstad Stupak yield back the balance of my time. Kaptur Oberstar Bono Hilleary Regula Tanner Kennedy (MA) Obey Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- Boucher Hobson Riggs Tauzin Kennedy (RI) Olver self such time as I may consume. Brewster Hoekstra Roberts Taylor (MS) Browder Horn Kennelly Orton Rogers Tejeda Mr. Speaker, we have tried our best Brownback Houghton Kildee Owens Rohrabacher Thompson to come up with a rule that provides Bryant (TN) Hunter Klink Pallone Ros-Lehtinen Thornton Bunn Hutchinson LaFalce Pastor plenty of time to talk about the things Roth Torres Bunning Hyde Lantos Payne (NJ) we need to talk about, give every Mem- Roukema Towns Burr Inglis Levin Payne (VA) ber a chance to get what is on their Royce Traficant Burton Istook Salmon Lewis (GA) Pelosi Lipinski Tucker heart or mind on this subject out on Buyer Jacobs Sanford Pickett Lofgren Pomeroy Vela´ zquez the floor for discussion, and still man- Callahan Johnson (CT) Saxton Lowey Poshard Vento Camp Johnson, Sam Schaefer age the debate in a way that the vital Luther Rahall Visclosky Canady Jones Schiff Maloney Rangel Volkmer issues are provided for and will get the Castle Kasich Seastrand Manton Reed Ward appropriate attention. Chabot Kelly Sensenbrenner Markey Reynolds Waters Chambliss Kim Shadegg I think we must have done a pretty Martinez Richardson Williams Chenoweth King Shaw good job in terms of the policy, because Christensen Kingston Mascara Rivers Wise Shays Chrysler Klug Matsui Roemer Woolsey we have the ranking member on the Shuster Clinger Knollenberg McCarthy Rose Wyden Committee on the Budget saying oh, Skeen Coble Kolbe McDermott Roybal-Allard Wynn Skelton my gosh, he was worried about the Collins (GA) Largent Smith (MI) NOT VOTING—25 budget constraints, yet we have the Combest Latham Smith (NJ) Cooley LaTourette Abercrombie Gephardt Peterson (FL) President’s spokesperson saying that Smith (TX) Cox Laughlin Andrews Greenwood Rush they are going to recommend a veto be- Smith (WA) Crane Lazio Becerra Hinchey Scarborough Solomon cause there is not enough money. So Crapo Leach Calvert Hoke Souder Spence Cremeans Lewis (CA) Coburn Hostettler we apparently have come up with Stearns Watt (NC) Cunningham Lewis (KY) Cubin Jefferson something that works pretty well here. Stockman Waxman Davis Lightfoot Dooley Kleczka Wilson This bill will spend 5.5 percent less Deal Lincoln Stump Fazio LaHood than last year, and does represent 9.5 DeLay Linder Talent Gallegly Molinari percent less than the White House Diaz-Balart Livingston Tate Dickey LoBiondo Taylor (NC) b 1358 asked for, but it does provide for the Thomas Doolittle Longley The Clerk announced the following necessary and affordable business of Dornan Lucas Thornberry our Nation overseas, provides for ac- Dreier Manzullo Thurman pair: Dunn Martini Tiahrt On this vote: countability and our national interests Torkildsen Ehlers McCollum Mr. Calvert for, with Mr. Andrews against. and national securities. Ehrlich McCrery Torricelli I guess that no rule is absolutely per- Emerson McDade Upton Mr. VISCLOSKY and Mr. PETE English McHugh Vucanovich GEREN of Texas changed their vote fect, but I think this is a pretty good Waldholtz Ensign McInnis from ‘‘yea’’ to ‘‘nay.’’ rule for an issue of this dimension, and Everett McIntosh Walker I think we have done our best to craft Ewing McKeon Walsh So the resolution was agreed to. it to give every Member the oppor- Fawell Metcalf Wamp The result of the vote was announced tunity to have his or her say. I think it Fields (TX) Meyers Watts (OK) as above recorded. Flanagan Mica Weldon (FL) A motion to reconsider was laid on is fair and efficient, and I think it will Foley Miller (FL) Weldon (PA) do the job. I urge its support. Forbes Moorhead Weller the table. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance Fowler Morella White b Whitfield 1359 of my time, and I move the previous Fox Murtha Franks (CT) Myers Wicker The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. question on the resolution. Franks (NJ) Myrick Wolf GILLMOR). Pursuant to House Resolu- The previous question was ordered. Frelinghuysen Nadler Yates tion 155 and rule XXIII, the Chair de- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Frisa Nethercutt Young (AK) Funderburk Neumann Young (FL) clares the House in the Committee of question is on the resolution. Ganske Ney Zeliff the Whole House on the State of the The question was taken; and the Gekas Norwood Zimmer Union for the consideration of the bill, Speaker pro tempore announced that H.R. 1561. the ayes appeared to have it. NAYS—176 Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ob- Ackerman Coleman Edwards b 1359 Baldacci Collins (IL) Engel ject to the vote on the ground that a Barcia Collins (MI) Eshoo IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE quorum is not present and make the Barrett (WI) Condit Evans Accordingly, the House resolved it- point of order that a quorum is not Beilenson Conyers Farr Bentsen Costello Fattah self into the Committee of the Whole present. Berman Coyne Fields (LA) House on the State of the Union for the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evi- Bevill Cramer Filner consideration of the bill (H.R. 1561), to dently a quorum is not present. Bishop Danner Flake consolidate the foreign affairs agencies The Sergeant at Arms will notify ab- Bonior de la Garza Foglietta Borski DeFazio Ford of the United States; to authorize ap- sent Members. Brown (CA) DeLauro Frank (MA) propriations for the Department of The vote was taken by electronic de- Brown (FL) Dellums Frost State and related agencies for fiscal vice, and there were—yeas 233, nays Brown (OH) Deutsch Furse Bryant (TX) Dicks Gejdenson years 1996 and 1997; to responsibly re- 176, not voting 25, as follows: Cardin Dingell Geren duce the authorizations of appropria- [Roll No. 347] Chapman Dixon Gibbons tions for United States foreign assist- Clay Doggett Gonzalez ance programs for fiscal years 1996 and YEAS—233 Clayton Doyle Gordon Allard Armey Baesler Clement Duncan Green 1997, and for other purposes with Mr. Archer Bachus Baker (CA) Clyburn Durbin Gutierrez GOODLATTE in the chair. H 5398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 The Clerk read the title of the bill. treaty with Jordan and is engaged in consolidate our foreign affairs agencies The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the talks with Syria and the Palestinians to meet the new challenges and take rule, the bill is considered as having that could also lead to regional peace. advantage of the new opportunities been read the first time. The Camp David accords is a foreign that await our Nation as we enter the Under the rule, the gentleman from assistance program that has greatly 21st century. New York [Mr. GILMAN] will be recog- benefited American interests by help- Merging AID, USIA, and ACDA into nized for 1 hour, and the gentleman ing to maintain and advance peace and the State Department eliminates hun- from Indiana [Mr. HAMILTON] will be stability in the vital Middle East. dreds of costly, high-ranking, Washing- recognized for 1 hour. H.R. 1561 also supports our economic ton-based bureaucrats. The Chair recognizes the gentleman interests by maintaining funds for the But, we also ensure that all of our from New York [Mr. GILMAN]. Trade and Development Program and it Nation’s foreign policy apparatus will Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield enhances our support for humanitarian be under the direction of and respon- myself such time as I may consume. activities with increased funding for sible to a single individual—the Sec- (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given food aid and disaster assistance to help retary of State. permission to revise and extend his re- feed starving people and to provide for My colleagues are undoubtedly aware marks.) child survival. of the letter the Secretary of State has Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, as we The bill achieves this with an author- written to the Speaker in which he begin the first major debate on the re- ization level for fiscal year 1996 that is strongly criticizes this bill and states organization and design of our foreign nearly $1 billion below current appro- that his intention to recommend that affairs operations and programs since priations and in line with the budget the President veto it. Let me briefly the cold war, I would like to thank my resolution adopted last week on this respond to some of the principal criti- good friend and colleague, the gen- floor. The funding for this significant cisms expressed in the letter. tleman from Indiana and ranking mi- and far-reaching bill is but 1.3 percent The Secretary states that the bill nority member of our committee—Mr. of the Federal budget. and I quote ‘‘contains numerous con- The changes embodied in this legisla- straints that would do immense harm HAMILTON—for his cooperation in the preparation of this bill. tion are necessary to enable our Nation to our nation’s foreign policy.’’ H.R. 1561, the American Overseas In- to continue to be the world’s economic In fact, the bill contains Presidential waivers for nearly every policy-based terests Act, constitutes the most ex- leader and a beacon of political free- restriction and gives the President in- tensive reform and overhaul of our for- dom. However, in order to maintain creased flexibility to manage foreign eign affairs architecture and our for- that role, our Nation must be strong. Continuing deficits in the range of policy resources—including repeal of 34 eign assistance programs in nearly 50 $200 billion a year will only weaken us obsolete laws that restrain the Presi- years. economically. An America that is weak dent’s flexibility. It merges three foreign affairs agen- is not an America that can lead. The Secretary also states that the re- cies—the Agency for International De- H.R. 1561 also strengthens the ability organization mandated in our bill velopment [AID], the U.S. Information of our executive branch to formulate would, and I quote ‘‘damage our ability Agency [USIA], and the Arms Control and implement a strong and coherent to promote American interests world- and Disarmament Agency [ACDA]— foreign policy by giving the Secretary wide.’’ into the State Department. of State both the responsibility and au- The reorganization in the bill is near- It also reauthorizes our foreign as- thority over our foreign affairs activi- ly identical to a plan the Secretary sistance programs, redirecting and ties. proposed in January to consolidate targeting our resources to where they By folding three cold war-era agen- AID, USIA, and ACDA into the State will do the most good. cies—AID, USIA, and ACDA—into the Department. In implementing the first major re- State Department, we are simply tak- Finally, the Secretary stated that forms in our international operations ing a leaf from the book written by this measure would drastically reduce in nearly 50 years, H.R. 1561 also estab- previous Congresses when they man- our resources for foreign affairs activi- lishes three priorities to ensure that dated the reorganization of our defense ties. H.R. 1561 is in line with the House- our Nation can meet the challenges establishment after World War II. passed budget resolution and does not and take advantage of the opportuni- Even as Americans were celebrating go below that amount. ties in the post-cold-war world. that hard-won victory, the Congress H.R. 1561 takes a big bite out of Fed- It defends our national security, sup- was preparing to implement some hard eral fat, while keeping the muscle that ports our trade and economic interests, lessons that had been learned in that we need to maintain our strength as a and provides for those who have been war about the organizational structure world leader. I invite my colleagues to hit by disaster and cannot provide for of our military. join in supporting this important re- themselves—while cutting duplication We learned that a War Department form measure. and waste in dozens of programs. and a Navy Department—often at each Hopefully, my colleagues will also This bill is about American interests. other’s bureaucratic throats and head- utilize this debate to help increase pub- The bill locks in the gains of the cold ed by a Cabinet secretary each report- lic awareness of the need to defend and war by reaching out to the nations of ing directly to the President—could be advance American interests overseas. Central and Eastern Europe that have a recipe for disaster in the fast-moving Development assistance and security broken out of the old Soviet orbit. complex world of modern warfare. assistance make important contribu- It punishes our adversaries by cut- An organizational structure estab- tions in support of our international ting off funds to countries that spy on lished in the 1790’s—when sailing ships interests. us—that provide weapons to terrorist took weeks to cross the ocean and ar- As our Nation enters new times and states—that give aid to Cuba—or that mies moved on foot at the rate of 3 faces new challenges—including the consistently vote against us in the miles an hour—had to be streamlined challenge to reduce our budget defi- United Nations. and consolidated. cit—the burden falls upon us in the It also maintains the U.S. commit- There had to be a single Cabinet sec- Congress to educate the public to the ment to the 1979 Camp David accords. retary responsible to the President for need to maintain a strong program Let us bear in mind that under those formulating and implementing our na- that supports, as the title of H.R. 1561 accords, Israel, our closest and most tional defense policy. says, American overseas interests. important ally in the Middle East, gave The Congress abolished the War De- Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance up the Sinai with its oil fields, its stra- partment and the Navy Department as of my time. tegic air bases, and its natural geo- independent entities and consolidated Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I graphic barriers in return for peace them into a newly created Defense De- yield 3 minutes and 30 seconds to the with Egypt—a peace which has lasted partment under the leadership of a distinguished gentleman from New for 16 years. newly created Secretary of Defense. York [Mr. ENGEL], who has contributed Under the umbrella of our American Similarly, with the cold war behind importantly to the work of the Com- commitment, Israel has signed a peace us, it is time now to reorganize and mittee on International Relations. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5399 Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, I thank b 1415 and somewhat surprisingly the House my friend, the gentleman from Indiana, Mr. Chairman, that is not going to International Relations Committee for yielding time to me. save any money. In my opinion, it is staff was cooperative. The strategy’’— Mr. Chairman, there are a lot of good going to be less efficient and very and this is their strategy—‘‘is delay, things in this bill, but there are also a much troublesome. The President has postpone, obfuscate and derail. If we lot of very troubling things in this bill. said that if this bill passes, he is going derail, we can kill the merger.’’ I want to commend the chairman of to veto it. ‘‘If we derail, we can kill the merger’’ the Committee for inserting a number I think we all ought to put our heads between these agencies that are going of good things. We have principles in- together, do something that makes to be put under the State Department volving the MacBride principles with sense, reassert America’s leadership in to save taxpayers’ money. I think this regard to Ireland. There is good lan- the world, and put something together is reprehensible that the leadership of guage in there involving Kosovo, the that says America is not recoiling from AID met, tried to derail the will of the people of Kosovo. Of course, aid to Is- the world but indeed America is acting Congress of the United States, and in rael and to Egypt is maintained. like the world power that it is. the same memo said, ‘‘We’ve got to spend a heck of a lot of money by the However, there is a very, very trou- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 end of this year. We’re two-thirds of bling aspect of this bill. That is the un- minutes to the gentleman from Indiana the way through, we’ve only spent derlying thought that somehow or [Mr. BURTON]. about one-third of our budget. If we other foreign aid needs to be dras- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- don’t get on the ball and spend this tically reduced. In fact, in this bill, for- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- money, we can’t come back and ask for eign aid is cut to an unprecedented low ing me the time. more money.’’ level. A very interesting poll appeared Mr. Chairman, one of the things that concerns the American people more That is something that cannot be tol- a couple of weeks ago in the New York erated. For that reason, Mr. Chairman, Times, when the American public was than anything else is waste in govern- ment. They believe that government is I will be proposing my amendment asked ‘‘Do you think that the United today to cut the staff of AID by 25 per- States gives too much in foreign aid, inefficient, and in many, many cases it is. In fact in some cases it is downright cent. The chairman’s mark cuts it by too little, or just about right?’’ Over- 10 percent. I believe we can go further. whelmingly, people said ‘‘Too much.’’ horribly wasteful. The AID agency that deals with de- If we can cut the congressional staff Then the question was asked ‘‘How velopmental assistance and other for- here in Washington, our committee much of the U.S. budget is foreign eign aid around the world is respon- staff, by 33 percent, we can sure cut aid?’’ The consensus was generally 15 sible for spending an awful lot of our AID by 25 percent. They have got al- percent. People thought 15 percent of foreign aid money. most 10,000 employees. They want to our budget was foreign aid. Then the I want to read to my colleagues a spend taxpayers’ money wastefully. We question was asked ‘‘What do you memo that came out of a meeting that need to send them a message. think is a good percentage of the was held by the director of AID and his Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I American budget that should be used assistant director and several people in yield 31⁄2 minutes to the distinguished for foreign aid?’’ The consensus was 5 leadership. This memo was sent around gentleman from Virginia [Mr. MORAN], percent. Then the respondents were the world to AID agency heads in an invaluable member of the commit- told the truth, that foreign aid is bare- many, many countries. When you read tee. ly 1 percent of the American budget. this, it makes you downright angry if Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise to Mr. Chairman, the Soviet Union has you are a taxpayer. oppose the Republican isolationist for- collapsed and the United States is the Here is the part that I think is the eign aid bill, called the American Over- leader of the world, unquestionably. Is most interesting. Larry B., the assist- seas Interests Act of 1995, because this this now the time to recoil, to hide our ant director of AID said, ‘‘We are 62 bill proposes deep cuts in our foreign heads in the sand, and to move towards percent through this fiscal year and we assistance budget and takes away the what I regard to be a dangerous isola- have only spent 38 percent of the dollar independent responsibilities of the tionism? No matter how we cut it, we volume of procurement actions com- Agency for International Development, are retreating in this bill. We are cut- pleted.’’ the Arms Control and Disarmament ting back on foreign aid, we are cutting ‘‘We need to do’’—that means spend— Agency, and the U.S. Information back on helping other nations. ‘‘$1.9 billion in the next 5 months.’’ Agency. Mr. Chairman, now is not the time Many of us speak with leaders of He goes on to say, ‘‘LAC, AF, BHR for the most powerful and influential other countries, fragile democracies are doing okay. There are large pock- country in the world to go back to the where democracy is just taking root, ets of money in the field and about $570 isolationist days of the 1930’s. Before countries that were Communist gov- million in Global and ENI each. So World War II there were 18 nations ernments just a few years ago. They let’s get moving.’’ with more military and geopolitical in- plead with us, a little bit of American In other words, they are two-thirds fluence around the world than the aid would go such a long way towards through the year and they have only United States. Today there are none. ensuring that democracy would take spent about one-third of their budget In fact, it is strong American leader- root and stabilize in these small coun- so they want to get spending so they ship during and after World War II that tries. can ask for more money in the next bi- ennium or the next fiscal year. has resulted in the world becoming Have we won the cold war, only to Mr. Chairman, I think this is the safer for democracies and the fact that throw it all away? That is what I think kind of thing that the American people we have far fewer dictatorships, that this bill does in terms of foreign aid. hear and when they hear it, they just we have more freedom of the press; While the bill protects foreign aid for get downright angry. That is why I that, in fact, the economies around the Israel and Egypt, it shrinks foreign aid think the bill of the gentleman from world are trading with us, providing for just about everyone else, so Israel New York [Mr. GILMAN], the chairman, markets for us. and Egypt are a larger portion of the is headed in the right direction when That is why the United States should foreign aid pot. It is only a matter of they are talking about merging these not shrug its shoulders of world leader- time, given the thought of this bill, agencies. ship. In fact, we should seize this op- that Israel and Egypt will be cut, be- In another part of this, when they are portunity and not turn our back on a cause that is the trend that the Repub- talking about the merger, which is half century of the kind of leadership lican majority is moving toward. I going to save the taxpayers a lot of that our predecessors have shown in think it is a dangerous trend. money, let me read to you what they this body and throughout the world, Mr. Chairman, we talked about con- say in that part. They say, ‘‘Jill Buck- the kind of principles that opposed peo- solidating AID, USIA, and ACTA, into ley reports that the Senate Foreign Re- ple, economically and politically op- the State Department. That will not lations Committee staff was relatively pressed people, have yearned for. They save us any money. uncooperative in discussions yesterday would not have achieved that economic H 5400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 and social and political independence are going to hear, let me stress what a ican public oppose the U.S. Govern- were it not for American leadership. ‘‘no’’ vote on this bill really means. A ment selling arms. Ninety-six percent The end of the Soviet Union, a world ‘‘no’’ vote means a vote for the status of Americans believe that the United map dominated by democracies and quo. A ‘‘no’’ vote means that our ef- States should not sell conventional American allies, expanding trade mar- forts to cut out wasteful bureaucracy weapons to undemocratic governments. kets, free elections in South Africa; we will be stonewalled. A ‘‘no’’ vote means Our bad decisions have boomeranged could go down a list that would last all a needless delay in our efforts to bring already in Panama, , , and day, of the things that have been much-needed relief to the American . achieved because of American leader- taxpayer. Our men and women in the Armed ship throughout the world. Mr. Chairman, I am one of those Forces in each of those instances have This bill undermines America’s lead- Members who would like to cut even faced our own weapons and technology ership in the world. It cuts develop- more, and I will vote for amendments as a result of our own bad policy deci- ment aid that in fact is creating mar- to do just that. sions. kets for us today. It will reduce our However, on the whole, this is a good I urge all my colleagues to focus on ability to deal with the deteriorating bill. It begins the process. It mandates what the American century could real- environmental conditions, the rising the reorganization of our foreign policy ly mean as we ponder America’s place migration pressures, all the kinds of apparatus so that next year we can in the new world order. Join your 102 crises of inadequate food and medical make even more of the budget reduc- colleagues and vote for the code of con- care that we read about. With very lit- tions needed to balance the budget and duct amendment to H.R. 1561. tle investment, we have made an enor- provide a secure future for our chil- b 1430 dren. mous difference in people’s lives. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I am Mr. Chairman, now is not the time to Mr. Chairman, again I want to com- pleased to yield 41⁄2 minutes to the gen- cut the budget for the U.S. Information mend the gentleman from New York tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], Agency, because we play into the hands [Mr. GILMAN], the chairman, and mem- the subcommittee chairman of our bers of the Committee on International of dictators and people who would like Committee on International Relations. to control the press of their own coun- Relations for crafting this bill. I urge Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- tries. my colleagues to support it. man, I thank my good friend for yield- It is not the time to cut the Agency Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I ing me this time. I want to say at the for International Development, when yield 4 minutes to the distinguished outset how very happy many of us are we have a 95 percent repayment rate gentlewoman from Georgia [Ms. for the tremendous job the gentleman MCKINNEY], also an invaluable member for small loans that are provided to the from New York, Mr. GILMAN, has done poor. It is certainly not the time to cut of the committee. on this piece of legislation. It has been the Arms Control and Disarmament Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, in very, very difficult. There has been a Agency, when we see the kinds of disas- 1995, there are over 34 wars or acts of give and take by many Members, and ters that are occurring, whether it be aggression raging throughout the he has done a fine job in crafting this. chemical, biological, or nuclear weap- world. These wars are all being fought I also want to thank the members of ons, that present a threat to all of us. with arms imported from the United my subcommittee. We had a portion of We ought to move forward, not back- States of America, arms used to kill this bill which is now section B or divi- ward. This bill brings us backward. I millions of people, arms used to scar sion B that worked through our sub- urge my colleagues to vote against this the Earth, arms used to inflict irre- committee and we went through a bill. versible harm to the children around markup. We had legislation dealing or Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 the world. provisions dealing with peacekeeping, minutes to the gentleman from Ohio Today, Mr. Chairman, I will offer the arms control, and other vital areas, [Mr. CHABOT], who has been a valued code of conduct amendment to the and I am very pleased that that legisla- member of our Committee on Inter- American Overseas Interest Act, H.R. tion is now incorporated in the Gilman national Relations. 1561. The code of conduct is the first bill. Mr. CHABOT. Mr. Chairman, I rise in major reform of America’s arms export H.R. 1561, the American Overseas In- support of H.R. 1561, the American process in almost two decades. Al- terests Act, has attracted widespread Overseas Interests Act. I want to com- though the 1976 Arms Export Control publicity for its consolidation of gov- mend the gentleman from New York Act provided some restrictions on the ernment agencies and its sharp spend- [Mr. GILMAN], our chairman, for his executive branch’s ability to export ing cuts in foreign aid and other pro- outstanding leadership in steering this arms, historically Congress has had lit- grams. Amid the discussion of these is- historic legislation through the Com- tle-to-no oversight responsibility on sues, however, some of the most impor- mittee on International Relations and arms sale. As we celebrate the 50th an- tant aspects of H.R. 1561 have gone al- to the floor today. niversary of the end of World War II, most unnoticed. H.R. 1561 is truly historic legislation. there is a new world order and America Specifically, despite the need to cut It goes where no foreign aid bill has is its leader. spending and consolidate programs, the gone before. It completely overhauls Some American citizens are testing bill as reported by the House Inter- the foreign aid bureaucracy, eliminat- the legal waters of holding gun dealers national Relations Committee man- ing three major agencies: The Agency responsible for the death and destruc- ages to hold harmless—or even en- for International Development, the tion that their merchandise contrib- hance—important programs that sup- U.S. Information Agency, and the utes to. Just imagine what could hap- port freedom, build democracy, and Arms Control and Disarmament Agen- pen if the poor innocents of Third save lives. cy. Their functions and budgets will be World countries around the world held Mr. Chairman, in considering H.R. cut and folded into the State Depart- each one of us liable for the death and 1561 I hope we will carefully consider ment at a great savings to the Amer- destruction that U.S. weaponry, when the following provisions: ican taxpayer. sold to dictators, contributes to. Those provisions dealing with child H.R. 1561 eliminates dozens of lower- In 1993 alone, the United States sold survival and related programs have priority programs. It cuts spending by more than $23 billion, 73 percent, in been included in the bill. Although the more than $1 billion next year, a $1.8 arms sales to developing countries. overall development assistance author- billion reduction from President Clin- H.R. 1561 prohibits certain assistance ization was cut by about a third, the ton’s budget request. And it calls for to countries promoting regional insta- committee accepted an amendment to further cuts of $21 billion over the bility. However, there are no criteria set aside $280 million for child survival course of our 7-year glidepath to a bal- regarding arms sales. The code of con- programs, $25 million for micronu- anced budget. duct amendment provides those cri- trient and Vitamin A programs, and $15 Mr. Chairman, I intend to vote ‘‘yes’’ teria. million for the UNDP/WHO Tropical for this bill. Despite all the rhetoric A recent Gallup Poll showed that Disease Program. This is a modest in- from the other side of the aisle that we more than three-quarters of the Amer- crease over estimated fiscal year 1995 May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5401 expenditures. The increase is justified: Members look carefully at its provi- with the Democratic version during these programs have saved literally sions, they should call it the American those years, but every year, first Chair- millions of lives, most of them children Leadership Reduction Act. It slashes man Fascell, and then Chairman HAM- in the developing nations of the world. resources for diplomatic efforts and in ILTON, looked at the strongest concerns Now they will save millions more. foreign assistance around the world. It that the Republicans had. We met When cuts must be made, they must be dismantles without any consultations those concerns. We came to the floor. made in ways that will not cause chil- with the executive branch, without any We had the substantial majority of dren to die or to suffer. consultation with the Democrats, it both Democrats and Republicans sup- The refugee provisions of H.R. 1561, dismantles American’s foreign policy porting the bill. Mr. Chairman, likewise will prevent structure. It hobbles the American There was no effort to do that here. I United States tax dollars from being Presidency. That may be politically at- do not know if it was a calculated ef- used to forcibly return Vietnamese and tractive for some at this particular fort to try and pass a partisan bill, or Laotians back to those countries, and time, but Presidents come and go, and a lack of time caused by the schedule, we are talking about people who I remind my colleagues, while we have but the shocking lack of ability to en- worked and fought side by side with had very few years where a foreign as- gage our committee leadership or our American forces. sistance bill has become law, almost House leadership in finding out some of These provisions will also protect every Congress since I have come here the concerns that could be addressed in people who can show that they are flee- we have passed a foreign assistance act the context of deficit reduction, in the ing forced abortions or forced steriliza- in the House with bipartisan support context of reform, in the context of ad- tions or they have actually been sub- from both parties. Many provisions dressing important foreign policy needs jected to such pressures, such as the 13 that I disagreed with would be in the that this Congress considers, that women who are now being held in Ba- bill, many provisions that the Repub- agreement could have been worked out. kersfield, CA, most of them victims of licans disagreed with, but there was a It is a shame we are at this point where forced abortion or forced sterilizations, committed, bipartisan support for an this bill is coming up as a partisan all of them about to be forced back to internationalist approach to the world Clinton-bashing, anti-executive-branch the People’s Republic of China. with a recognition of the critical role feast instead of a sensible continuation H.R. 1561 would also require periodic that diplomacy and assistance and en- of a bipartisan internationalist tradi- reports to Congress on what Fidel Cas- gagement plays in protecting and pro- tion. tro is doing to enforce his end of the moting American interests. I just want to read from one para- Clinton-Castro immigration deal of I came on the Committee on Inter- graph of Secretary Christopher’s letter. national Relations more than any 1994, and on how people are treated who This is Secretary Christopher saying other reason because of my deep, abid- are returned to Cuba pursuant to the why he will recommend a veto if this ing, personal, from my youth, commit- second Clinton-Castro immigration bill passes. If enacted, they would com- ment to the importance of the Amer- deal of May 1995. promise our ability to follow through ican-Israeli relationship in my scheme Finally, the bill provides an impor- on the North Korea Framework Agree- of things and in the belief that not tant structural reform—the consolida- ment. They would undermine or effec- only in Israel’s interest but in Ameri- tion of human rights advocacy and ref- tive participation and weaken our le- ca’s interests that relationship was im- ugee protection under a single State verage in international organization. It portant. There is nothing more impor- Department official reporting directly would compel changes on refugees pol- tant to me in the Congress than con- to the Secretary—that will guarantee icy that compose a serious threat to these decisions a place at the table tinuing that relationship. This bill, in the short term, on the their borders, limiting the President’s when important decisions are made. ability to respond to boat migration Mr. Chairman, despite the need for superficial glance, does that. It contin- ues the assistance, it has important and possibly exacerbating the illegal cuts in international broadcasting and smuggling of aliens into the United other public diplomacy programs, H.R. language in the bill. The chairman of the committee should be commended States. The bill would seriously impair 1561 holds harmless from such cuts our the President’s responsibility to man- freedom broadcasting programs—such for that. But, in the long term, for those of us who care about that rela- age our delicate relations with China as Radio Free Asia, Radio/TV Marti, at this time of transition in its leader- and the Voice of America Farsi Serv- tionship, who care about this support, I tell them, putting that money into a ship. Its provisions on the New Inde- ice—at prior levels. pendent States. Similarly, funds for the National En- bill that constitutes a frontal assault Perhaps there will be further time to dowment for Democracy are authorized on the executive branch’s ability to get into this later on, but I frankly at current levels. conduct foreign policy, that slashes The bill also creates a pilot project other foreign assistance programs and would hope this bill could be with- for freedom broadcasting to Asia, to signifies a retrenchment and move to- drawn from the floor and I urge a no provide pro-democracy and pro-free- wards a neoisolationist position in the vote at this time. dom broadcasts to Asian countries post-cold-war world, this is not an Is- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I am whose people do not enjoy freedom of rael-friendly bill. This is not a bill that pleased to yield 6 minutes to the dis- expression during the months or years over the long term solidifies that rela- tinguished gentleman from Wisconsin it will take to establish Radio Free tionship, because you cannot sustain [Mr. ROTH], chairman of our Sub- Asia. and justify foreign assistance for Israel committee on Economic Policy and Mr. Chairman, this is a good bill, and in the context where you are slashing Trade. I do hope Members will support it. and ultimately terminating foreign as- Mr. ROTH. Mr. Chairman, I thank Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I sistance for every other country in the the gentleman for yielding me this yield 51⁄2 minutes to the gentleman world. time. from California [Mr. BERMAN], a very So it is because of my interest in Mr. Chairman, before we begin this important member of the Committee that relationship and notwithstanding debate, let us remember that we have 3 on International Relations. the specific provisions of this bill, but days of debate on this particular bill. (Mr. BERMAN asked and was given in the recognition of what this bill does Many arguments will be made, dozens permission to revise and extend his re- to our whole foreign assistance pro- of amendments will be offered, but marks.) gram, to our ability to conduct diplo- there is really only one basic issue, the Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I never macy that I oppose this bill. I remind need for change in our foreign policy. thought I would see the day when I my colleagues again and again if I can When the American people voted last would be rising to oppose a foreign as- and will throughout the total debate, November for change, they voted for sistance bill, and it pains me deeply to every year that the Committee on For- change in foreign policy as much or have to be in that particular situation. eign Affairs came to the House floor more than in any other areas. The But this bill, it is called the Amer- with a bill, it was a bill which in the Clinton administration, yes as a pre- ican Overseas Interests Act, I think if committee, maybe we would start out vious speaker said, opposes this bill. H 5402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 We have a 3-page letter from the Sec- my colleagues to vote against its pas- ance—we circumvent major crises and retary of State which is like a mani- sage. security threats from arising while festo for business as usual in foreign Although there are a few worthy ini- nurturing the growth of democracies policy. Boiled down, the Secretary says tiatives in the legislation, on the and new markets. that the foreign policy elite should whole, H.R. 1561 drastically undermines Mr. Chairman, this is a time when stay in charge and that the Congress the ability of our President to engage the United States, in her own interests, and the American people should butt effectively on issues and activities that must continue to engage and reach out out in foreign affairs. impact on the world community as to the international community. H.R. The Secretary says that foreign well as the security and economic in- 1561 represents, however, a withdrawal spending should go up even though terests of our Nation. from world leadership and a dangerous spending for our own people is going I submit, Mr. Chairman, the United return to isolationism. I would urge down. States cannot and should not isolate my colleagues to vote against the bill. And the Secretary says that even herself from the rest of the world. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 though the cold war is over, America Whether we like it or not, our Nation minutes to the gentleman from Oregon must still bear most of the load for all is an integral member of the world [Mr. BUNN]. of the world’s problems, while other community, and we must face up to Mr. BUNN of Oregon. Mr. Chairman, governments save their resources and our responsibilities as a leader in inter- I would like to take a moment to con- focus on taking our markets and national affairs. gratulate the chairman, the gentleman wringing our jobs from the American I find it ironic that in the era of EEC, from New York [Mr. GILMAN], and the workers. ASEAN, GATT, NAFTA, and APEC— members of the Committee on Inter- The American people know that the when it is becoming increasingly clear national Relations for a job well done. cold war is over. They want other that the economic future and prosper- It is a difficult task, as we move to- countries to take at least a little por- ity of our Nation is vitally dependent ward a balanced budget, to identify tion of the load. At American people on America’s ability to engage over- those things that work and those that want their government to put our own seas and to promote peace—this bill do not work. people and our own problems first, for would cripple our President’s ability to Yet, this bill has done that. It elimi- a change. For almost 50 years now we conduct foreign diplomacy by cutting nates three outdated Federal agencies, have gone all over the world putting off the arms and legs of America’s for- the U.S. Information Agency, the Arms their problems and their needs first. It eign policy apparatus while deeply re- Control and Disarmament Agency, and is about time we take care of our own ducing already meager resources. the Agency for International Aid. The first two are relics of the cold people and our own problems for a H.R. 1561 recklessly mandates abol- war, the third, AID, while begun with change. ishment of the USIA, ACDA, and AID, But that is not what the Secretary of merging them into the State Depart- the best of intentions, has become a State and the foreign policy elite here ment and creating a super bureauc- bloated bureaucracy that we simply in Washington want. So this debate racy. No detailed bottom up study of cannot maintain. this planned reorganization has oc- I support foreign aid. really comes down to a test of Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, will curred, however, and reflects that little strength. Do the American people get the gentleman yield? the changes they voted for, or does the though has been given to the actual Mr. BUNN of Oregon. I yield to the foreign policy establishment stay in costs or benefits of such a move. I have gentleman from California. the driver’s seat. Who rules in this been shown nothing that ensures that Mr. BERMAN. I am interested in why country? The elite here in Washington this reorganization proposal will result the gentleman thinks the USIA is an or the American people who are paying in an improvement in the conduct of outdated agency, the programs for the bills. America’s foreign policy throughout radio and exchange programs around This bill makes three fundamental the world. the world, are outdated. changes. First, it abolishes three cold Mr. Chairman, I am convinced that Mr. BUNN of Oregon. Because those war agencies: AID, USIA, and the Arms the reorganization plan presents the are cold war relics, and we do have an Control Agency, all three which have danger that the unique missions and open information age where informa- outlived their usefulness. valued expertise of the USIA, ACDA, tion is getting out without our Govern- Second, the bill cuts $1 billion from and AID will be subordinated and lost ment providing the dollars to provide the $17 billion in overseas spending in a massive State Department bu- that message. I think we do have ade- over which our committee has jurisdic- reaucracy. Reorganizing the Depart- quate access to information around the tion, only $1 billion, so it is not a big ment of State for the sake of reorganiz- world. We do not have to maintain the cut, but $17 billion is less than half of ing is a waste of time and taxpayers cold war relics. what we are spending overseas at this dollars, and diverts attention and re- I will just wrap up in the last 30 sec- time. The real total is $38 billion when sources from the real foreign policy is- onds, if I could, and that is to say very you add up some of our military sta- sues facing our Nation today. clearly I think we have to concentrate tions overseas also the multilateral de- I am also opposed to the foreign as- on those things that work, that are velopment banks, food aid and other sistance cuts in excess of a billion dol- providing needs to people on the categories. That is $37 billion this year. lars called for in H.R. 1561. Over the ground, not serving bureaucracies that We are making much less in cuts than last decade, foreign aid funds have have developed over the decades. we do in domestic agencies. There is no taken disproportionate cuts, being al- This bill does this. It allows us to need for crocodile tears. We are elimi- most halved in inflation-adjusted dol- reach real people with real help. I nating entire departments in our Gov- lars. As we all know, polls have docu- think it is the kind of thing we must ernment. mented that most Americans feel we do. We must be committed to foreign should be allocating at least 5 percent aid, but foreign aid that makes a dif- b 1445 of the Federal budget to foreign aid. ference for people. Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Yet our present funding of foreign as- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 3 minutes to the gentleman from sistance barely exceeds 1 percent of our minutes to the gentleman from Penn- American Samoa [Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA]. national budget. sylvania [Mr. GEKAS]. (Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA asked and The further cuts called for in H.R. Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Chairman, I thank was given permission to revise and ex- 1561 will reduce already strained re- the gentleman for yielding. tend his remarks.) sources and handicap our ability to Mr. Chairman, Members of the Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chair- protect and promote U.S. economic and House, the Congress in recent years has man, I have the greatest respect for the security interests overseas. Our small done a miserable job, in my esti- gentleman from New York, the chair- investment in foreign assistance is the mation, of explaining and making it man of the House International Affairs first line of defense for America. By ad- clear to the American people why we Committee, Mr. GILMAN, but I must re- dressing problems overseas—through are indulging or why we have ever in- luctantly oppose H.R. 1561, and I urge development or humanitarian assist- dulged in foreign aid, so-called. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5403 Many people in the public feel this is egon spoke about. I want a Farsi lan- Help us continue Martin Luther throwing money away, throwing guage Voice of America broadcast into King’s plea that injustice anywhere is money abroad when that money could Iran talking about pluralism and de- a threat to justice everywhere. be used more successfully, more use- mocracy and what is going on in that Save the children of Africa and fully at home, and there is a good feel- country because the people there can- Bosnia by supporting us in restoring ing of impropriety there among the not get it. I want to listen to the coun- the cuts to Africa and peacekeeping. American people as to why that is hap- tries of Eastern Europe who have come Vote against H.R. 1561. pening. through the most horrible period imag- But I believe that this gives us a inable and who say the need to con- b 1500 ample opportunity to explain to the tinue these exchange programs and Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 American people that when we invest these radio things are very important minutes to the distinguished gentle- in foreign aid, so-called, to the people to plant the roots of democracy strong. woman from Florida [Ms. ROS- of the Middle East, to the nations on I do not think these are irrelevant LEHTINEN], chairman of our Sub- either side of the Suez Canal, in that agencies anymore, and that is the de- committee on Africa. whole region, that we are creating or bate. That is the discussion. Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman, helping to create a stable part of the Mr. Chairman, I yield 21⁄2 minutes to I thank the gentleman from New York world. If it remains stable, then our na- the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. [Mr. GILMAN] for yielding this time to tional security interests and our eco- PAYNE]. me. nomic interests are safer. (Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey asked and Mr. Chairman, the bill brought to the Why do I say that? Everyone in was given permission to revise and ex- floor by the Committee on Inter- America knows that we depend on Mid- tend his remarks.) national Relations contains dramatic dle East oil for 45 percent of our fuel. Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. changes in the organization and struc- In doing so, we have to make sure that Chairman, at a time when domestic ture of our foreign affairs programs. that flow of oil remains steady and un- sending is being cut, no group under- These changes are long overdue, and hampered, into the United States. stands the sacrifice to continue foreign reflect the major changes that have Therefore, when we invest in foreign aid more than the Congressional Black taken place in the world since the aid in that region, creating that safe Caucus. We know the plight of the poor United States assumed the responsibil- harbor for our oil interests, our stand- on the streets of America. ities of world leadership in the post- ard of living is protected. That is a Yet, we are motivated to fight back World War II era. good reason to indulge in foreign aid. at the inhumane cuts to the world’s Under Chairman GILMAN’s very able And that happens throughout the re- needy for two reasons. First, the cuts leadership, the committee has drafted gion. do not represent good business judg- and reported a bill that well deserves There is a second reason for it. To ment. Our investment in education and the support of everyone in the U.S. the extent that our foreign aid moneys development assistance in Asia after House of Representatives. create and keep a democratic govern- World War II paid off. In view of the enormous changes in ment in place in the Third World, to Today, these Asian countries are the realities with which we conduct that extent we have less reason to be- among our strongest economic pow- our foreign affairs, we in the commit- lieve that we have to dispatch Amer- ers—look at South Korea and Taiwan. tee have studied the organizations of ican troops or do other kinds of things Africa with its rich mineral resources these institutions, and we have con- to aid an emerging nation. If we can now represents the new potential for cluded that they must change as dra- keep a stable democratic government America’s growing markets. matically as the world in which they in place, our standard of living, our na- Also investments in education and must cope. The administration is in- tional security interests are safer. development can save the continent correctly stonewalling our efforts to That is why foreign aid becomes an from the human disasters like we have promote change in the foreign affairs overwhelming presense in the Halls of witnessed in Rwanda. The conflict in agencies. the Congress of the United States, in Rwanda was more about who could own When we held hearings on these the interests of the American people. the limited, over populated land, than structural changes, the most recent But what this piece of legislation it was about Hutu against Tutu. Secretaries of State—Secretaries does is it keeps all of those theories Eagleburger, Baker, and Shultz—en- and reasons in mind while at the same Poverty breeds conflicts and terror- dorsed these organizational changes. time exercising that fiscal constraint ism. A small dollar investment now which is absolutely necessary in the will save much larger sums later. They are needed to respond to the days of deficit and the race toward a Our second reason is that America much changed circumstances in the balanced budget that we are about here has not been as generous to countries world. in the Congress of the United States. in need as our Republican leaders The second major challenge in I support the legislation and will do would have us believe. crafting this bill was to cope with the my singular best to repeat the message In the last 10 years, our international clear message of the American people to the American people that it is in our costs have been reduced 47 percent that financial undiscipline and massive national security and our national eco- while our total national budget has in- budget deficits were no longer accept- nomic interests that we maintain lev- creased 5.5 percent. Less than 1 percent able. els of foreign aid across the world. of our national budget goes to foreign The bill makes major cuts in the cost Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield aid while the poles tell us the Amer- of foreign affairs activities of our Gov- myself 1 minute. ican public feels it should be at least 5 ernment—cuts that are in line with the I would just like to follow up. The percent. sacrifices that other Government pro- comments of the gentleman from Or- Japan has now replaced us as the grams are being asked to make. egon state the issue very well. largest donor, and we rank 21st or dead The program funding cuts in this bill If you think in the post-cold-war last in per capita giving among devel- as responsible cuts—they are signifi- world that Government-financed broad- oped nations like Western Europe. cant without being draconian. casting is a waste of money, then this Republicans argue that the voluntary If the program managers responsible is a good bill for you because this giving in America makes up for our for executing our Nation’s foreign af- starts us down the road toward ending poor performance. fairs programs set their minds to it, I that program. But I can tell you from personal ex- am convinced that our Nation’s foreign I think that repeating the mistakes perience that other donor countries affairs interests can be fully protected, of the end of World War I, that we won also have their Save the Childrens, as these funding cuts are made. a particular battle, and now everything Oxfams, YMCA’s, and churches giving. The administration has launched its will be OK, there are still countries They also give generously and in own strategic management initiative, closed to all the media and the infor- many cases more generously than their which it claims will reinvent govern- mation that the gentleman from Or- U.S. counterparts. ment. H 5404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Unfortunately, the results of that policy adviser. The result is more effec- emphasize in the first instance the re- reinventing government effort, have tive management, elimination of organization saves no money. They been very disappointing. waste, and the ability to cut spending move around little boxes on a chart, Too may good ideas have been re- by $1.1 billion next year alone. Over 7 but in the final analysis those respon- jected or compromised away. years it will save taxpayers $3 billion. sibilities are only moved to another There are many people in the foreign The second part of the bill’s reform agency where they will be performed affairs agencies who have tried to get package is an overhaul of foreign aid there. It is only an expansion of bu- agency management to stop the waste spending: reaucracy. of public funds and to make cuts in the Over the next 7 years, foreign aid They suggest that somehow they agencies’ operations. spending will be cut by $21 billion. have a mandate to shrink our foreign There are people in the State Depart- These cuts are being made in a re- commitments based on the November ment, for instance, who questioned the sponsible way. They target waste and elections. The University of Maryland need for us to have more State Depart- low-priority programs. Here is a sam- recently conducted a study of Ameri- ment political officers in Belize than pling of the kind of wasteful spending cans on foreign aid, and what they the Government of Belize has in its we’re eliminating: International Cop- found is that Americans actually do own foreign ministry. per Study Group, International Cotton support foreign aid. It is just that they Proposals have been made to cut Advisory Group, International Seed believe we are spending a lot more than back on these overly expensive pro- Testing Association, International we really are. grams, but the proposals have been re- Rubber Study Group, and International When Americans were asked how jected. Wheat Council. much the U.S. spends on foreign aid, There just has not been the will at Important programs that directly the average answer was we are spend- the senior level to make the hard deci- support American national security in- ing about 15 percent of the Federal sions that are inherently necessary if terests will continue to receive strong budget on foreign aid. When asked how support. They include: narcotics con- we are ever to balance the budget. much they felt would be an appropriate trol, anti-, nuclear disar- Now with the cuts in funding in this figure, they said about 5 percent. bill, and the cuts that I am sure will be mament, and Middle East Peace. Let me set the record straight. Right Through this bill, Americans will contained in the appropriations bills, now we are only spending 1 percent, so continue to be caring and compas- these changes are coming. in actuality, when we educate the sionate to the truly needy. For exam- I think that in the end, with the American public, we find that their ex- ple, the bill sets aside: Two hundred leaner and more efficient foreign policy pectations of our role in world leader- and eighty million dollars for Child program that will emerge from this Survival programs, $25 million for Vi- ship and our actual expenditures are in bill, our country will be better off. tamin A and other nutritional pro- fact in line. I, therefore, urge all Members to sup- There is simply a lot of reasons why grams, and $15 million for the tropical port this bill. we should support foreign aid. I would disease prevention program. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank Mr. Chairman, this is carefully craft- like to talk about two reasons in par- the gentlewoman from Florida [Ms. ed legislation that will provide the ticular. The cuts in this bill for Africa would ROS-LEHTINEN] for her remarks in sup- most cost-effective foreign policy bene- force us to shut down many of the pro- port of the bill. fit to the United States. I urge my col- Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to grams which help make countries— leagues to support this bill. the gentleman from California [Mr. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank which help countries making a difficult KIM], a senior member of our Commit- the gentleman from California [Mr. transition from democracy to democ- tee on International Relations. KIM] for his supporting remarks in racy and to open economies from com- (Mr. KIM asked and was given per- favor of this measure. munism. It will hurt our efforts to mission to revise and extend his re- Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I open markets in countries such as marks.) yield 4 minutes to the distinguished Ghana, where United States exports Mr. KIM. Mr. Chairman, I rise in sup- gentleman from Maryland [Mr. WYNN]. have doubled in recent years. It will port of H.R. 1561, the American Over- Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I would harm efforts to slow population growth seas Interests Act. like to thank the ranking member for where we have succeeded in Kenya and This bill represents a much needed yielding me an opportunity to speak. Zimbabwe, and it will undermine fu- reduction in foreign aid spending and Mr. Chairman, I rise to oppose this ture efforts to prevent humanitarian an overhaul in the bureaucracy. bill. I think it is a major retreat from disasters such at those of Somalia, Over the next 7 years, the plan out- our responsibilities as a world leader. Rwanda, and Angola. lined in this bill will save the Amer- As a sole remaining superpower in the In addition to harming our efforts in ican taxpayer $24 billion. world, the United States has the re- Africa. the bill would also harm our And, it will do so without jeopardiz- sponsibility and an important oppor- ability to support our Latin American ing key American foreign policy and tunity to exert leadership on the world and Caribbean neighbors. This bill cuts our national security interests. stage. The opportunity is in shaping aid to that region by 25 percent, keep- H.R. 1561 is designed to replace our the world to reflect our democratic ing in mind we are only spending 1 per- current 1950’s-vintage cold war foreign ideals and principles so that we have a cent of the national budget on foreign policy system with a modern model world of open societies and open mar- aid. Political reforms in the Western that looks ahead and meets the chal- kets. The responsibility is in providing Hemisphere and resulting economic lenges of the 1990’s and beyond. leadership, strength, interest and hu- stability have encouraged the strength- The bill accomplishes this goal manitarian assistance. ening of economic ties between this re- through two responsible reform pack- Mr. Chairman, we have already seen gion and the United States. Trade is a ages: The first, America’s foreign af- what can happen when the United winning proposition between the Unit- fairs bureaucracy: will be streamlined States withdraws from the global ed States and Latin America and the today, there is just too much duplica- stage. If we choose to run away from Caribbean. It is the fastest growing ex- tion, overlap and waste among the four our responsibilities and commitments, port market in the world for our goods. major foreign policy agencies. Look the rest of the world may come calling. It is the only region where the United how confusing this is. H.R. 1561 elimi- They may visit us, in fact, in some vio- States enjoys a trade surplus. nates three of these players—the Agen- lent and terroristic ways. Open markets will also promote eco- cy for International Development, the Now there are those in Congress who nomic development in poor Latin U.S. Information Agency, and the believe we are spending too much and American and Caribbean countries. Arms Control and Disarmament Agen- that the price of being a superpower is This will help stem the flow of illegal cy, and consolidates all of their respon- too high. They prefer the rhetoric to immigration to the United States. sibilities in the State Department. the price tag. I disagree. Finally, foreign aid in the form of This makes sense as the Secretary of We have heard how they are going to preventive diplomacy and inter- State is the President’s No. 1 foreign save money through this bill. Let me national affairs will be our least costly May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5405 and most effective line of defense. Russia, NATO expansion, Middle East them when they are wrong, and we will Many Americans have sacrificed, some peace, non-proliferation, and popu- look to results. But we should not tell have even died, for our role as a world lation growth. These are some of the a President how he is organizing his leader. Now is not the time to abdicate problems that confront the President own executive branch, at least under that role. Leadership does have a price and the Congress. They are very for- ordinary circumstances. tag. But I think, once the American midable challenges. If you compare this reorganization people understand that that price tag I think the key question we ought to that is taking place in the foreign pol- is really a small proportion of our ask ourselves as we engage in this de- icy establishment with the kind of re- budget, they will support our current bate is does the bill give the President organizations that have taken place in aid priorities and will leave us to con- the means to confront the challenges the Defense Department, and are now tinue tour role as a true world leader. to American foreign policy that now taking place in the intelligence com- Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I exist? Does it enable the President of munity, you can see that there simply yield 2 minutes to the distinguished the United States to do what all of us is no comparison, there is no rationale gentleman from Indiana [Mr. ROEMER]. want him to do, and that is to lead in here, there is no Bottom-Up Review. (Mr. ROEMER asked and was given the world? There is no time for consideration of permission to revise and extend his re- I will oppose this bill for three rea- the proposals, and I simply do not have marks.) sons: First, I oppose it because it man- a good idea of what this reorganization Mr. ROEMER. Mr. Chairman, I thank dates reorganization of the foreign pol- will do to the operation of American the distinguished ranking member, the icy bureaucracy. I do not believe that foreign policy. gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HAMIL- the proponents of the bill have pro- Now, the second reason that I oppose TON], who we in Indiana are very proud vided us any rationalization for this re- this bill is because it cuts drastically of, and I congratulate the new chair- organization. We have had very little the resources this President, or any man of the committee for his hard time to consider the implications of President, has to conduct American work on this bill. I would like to focus the reorganization proposal, and, so far foreign policy. I do not think it is an in my 2 minutes attention a little bit as I am able to see, as indeed one of the exaggeration to say that the bill will more on the problem in Chechnya. I members of the majority on the com- force the United States out of the game know that this is a very foolhardy and mittee acknowledged in debate, is that as a player in major parts of the world. brutal war that the Russians are con- the bill merely shuffles boxes on a If we are not permitted to put up the ducting in Chechnya. It threatens the chart. It represents micro-management resources, then we are not going to be internal efforts the Russians are mak- by the legislative branch of the execu- able to lead. ing toward democracy in a free market tive branch without any evidence of Several speakers have pointed out system. cost saving or benefit to U.S. foreign the advantages that come from foreign assistance. Foreign assistance is one of b policy. 1515 So far as I can see, there is no rela- the tools that a President of the United It almost threatened the Russians’ tionship between the reorganization States has in the conduct of American ability to gain access to the $6.2 billion plan presented in this bill and the prob- foreign policy. Those tools, of course, loan that they acquired through the lems with the making and implementa- include military power, diplomacy, International Monetary Fund, which tion of American foreign policy, which economic power, trade, and foreign aid. the United States is the largest guar- surely exists. But there is no tie be- And not for a minute would I put for- antor of. We cannot allow the Russians tween those problems and the eign aid as among the most important tools of a President, but in certain cir- to continue to spend in some estimates reorganizational changes that are cumstances it can be a very important up to $2 billion to fight a war that is made here. It is reorganization for re- tool. It can promote U.S. security and foolish, that is brutal, and that con- organization’s sake. tains a host, a myriad, of human rights USIA, ACTA, and AID have missions reduce U.S. defense spending, because violations. and expertise that are really quite dis- it costs less to address problems before Mr. Yeltsin in a recent meeting with tinct from the Department of State. they become threats to U.S. security. Foreign assistance, for example, en- President Clinton in Russia back- These missions serve U.S. interests and abled us to persuade Ukraine, Belarus, tracked on his commitment to end this would likely be lost, or at least dimin- and Kazakhstan to become nonnuclear war. He said, first, this is an internal ished, in a massive new State Depart- weapons States. Foreign assistance di- matter, and, second, there is no war ment bureaucracy. rectly benefits the United States. there. We are merely confiscating some Let me simply call to the attention Eighty percent of the aid procurement weapons. Nothing is going on. Nobody of my colleagues that what this bill goes directly to American firms and is being hurt, nobody is being killed. does is create a massive State Depart- nongovernmental organizations, creat- It is in the direct United States for- ment. It doubles the number of employ- ing, I might say, jobs in America. eign policy interests to end this war ees in the State Department. It triples Foreign assistance has certainly de- and have a proactive and constructive the budget of the State Department. veloped markets and increased U.S. ex- relationship with Russia. I will hope to And that is a Department, to put it ports. Most of the growth in United offer two amendments, first, a sense of kindly, that has not been known for its States exports today come from the de- the Congress condemning this ongoing management efficiencies. But we are veloping world, in countries such as Russian war in Chechnya; second, an doubling it and tripling it in size. those in the former Soviet bloc, which amendment that will cut 10 percent of Rather than make foreign policy more are now in a transition to a free mar- aid to Russia, to send them a very coherent, I think you really just create ket. strong signal that we think Mr. Yeltsin a massive Department and you dimin- We agree with our colleagues on the should not say this is an internal mat- ish important voices like USIA, ACTA, other side of the aisle that the time ter, he should not say this is and AID. calls for reduced government. We agree confiscating weapons. This is a fool- It is worth noting that the Clinton that savings can be made in this budg- hardy and brutal war that must end administration has already made some et. But we think that it has been cut now. significant changes, streamlining, far too much with the proposals in this Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I achieving reductions, and cost savings. bill. yield myself such time as I may I think I would be among the first to Foreign assistance has been cut 40 consume. acknowledge that they have not done percent in the last decade. There are Mr. Chairman, this is not an ordinary enough and we should press them to do very few accounts in the Federal Gov- authorization bill. I think all of us more. But the Congress of the United ernment’s budget that have been cut would agree that these are not ordi- States should not be telling the execu- more than the foreign assistance budg- nary times and that the President and tive branch how to organize its busi- et in the last 10 years. the Congress face extraordinary new ness. Basically what we should tell In 1985, foreign assistance was 2.5 per- challenges in this post-cold-war period, them is we will support them so long as cent of the budget. Today it is approxi- threats posed by Iran and Iraq, Bosnia, they do things right, we will criticize mately 1 percent. We all know that the H 5406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Federal budget cannot be balanced by President’s discretion to decide what I really do not think that this House deep cuts in foreign aid which, as other leaders from Taiwan may visit the wants to send that message to the speakers have said, represents less United States. It mandates a special world today. This debate is not really than 1 percent of the Federal spending. envoy to Tibet. about shuffling boxes in a reorganiza- But let me just put on the record the The bill ties the President’s hands on tion scheme or cutting bureaucracies. degree of cuts that this bill provides. Russia. It requires a cutoff of assist- It is about the President’s ability to In developmental assistance, $442 ance if the President cannot certify carry out his constitutional role to million. That is 34 percent below what improved Russian behavior in conduct American foreign policy. I be- the President says he needs. The Devel- Chechnya, if a country sells nuclear lieve this bill undermines our ability opment Fund for Africa has been cut equipment, dual use items or military to support America’s security, to ad- $173 million. That is 21 percent below equipment to Iran or other states on vance America’s interests, and to lead the President’s request. Assistance for the terrorism list. Not only will this in the world. Latin America and the Caribbean has sweeping provision cut off all assist- We are the world’s only superpower. been cut by approximately $213 million. ance to Russia, which has been a criti- We have today an extraordinary oppor- That is 25 percent below the Presi- cal component of American policy, it tunity, an unprecedented opportunity dent’s request. Assistance for Eastern almost certainly would cut off assist- to shape the world, to open up soci- Europe and the Baltics has been cut by ance to Poland, Hungary, and several eties, and to develop free markets. But $155 million. That is about 32 percent other Eastern European states. we cannot do it, we cannot do it if we below the President’s request. Cuts for This bill requires the cutoff of assist- impose draconian cuts on resources and the New Independent States in the So- ance to any country that blocks the de- we engage in an assault on the Presi- viet Union have been cut $145 million. livery of humanitarian assistance. dent’s power to conduct American for- That is 18 percent below the Presi- That probably cuts off aid to Turkey. eign policy. dent’s request. Cuts for contributions It could very well cut off aid to Israel. For these reasons, my colleagues, I to international organizations have If Israel decides for security reasons, urge a ‘‘no’’ vote on the bill. for example, to stop a single shipment been cut $209 million. That is 14 per- I. INTRODUCTION cent below the President’s request. to Gaza or Jericho, its aid would have to be cut off. Because of the Greek em- This is not just an ordinary authorization bill, Now, I am prepared to stipulate that and these are not ordinary times. The cold we do not need to give everything to bargo on the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, this provision could po- war is over, but we face new challenges: the President that he has requested Bosnia, Russia, NATO expansion, Middle East here. I myself favor some reductions. tentially lead to a cutoff of assistance to Greece. peace, threats posed by Iran and Iraq, non- But these cuts in this bill I think you proliferation, and population growth. These are would acknowledge are very dramatic, b 1530 problems that this President is confronting, draconian cuts. Keep in mind, these The bill opens wide the door for a and that the next PresidentÐRepublican or cuts are only the first installment, be- vast expansion of illegal immigrants, DemocratÐwill also confront. cause as you go down the line under especially from the People’s Republic As we engage in debate and deliberation on the House budget resolution, the cuts of China. By offering asylum to victims H.R. 1561, I think we should be asking this become much deeper and much more of coercive populations programs, the basic question: Does this bill give the Presi- extreme. The result, I think, is that bill offers political asylum to millions dent the means to confront the challenges we you seriously undermine the Presi- of Chinese. This provision will facili- face in the world today? dent’s ability to use one of the impor- tate Chinese alien smuggling into the II. WHAT'S IN THIS BILL tant tools that he has available in the United States. The bill requires the conduct of American foreign policy. Bill summaryÐThis bill has three compo- United States to admit and help reset- nents: First, it abolishes three agenciesÐAID, Now, the third reason I oppose this tle elsewhere all Vietnamese, all Lao- bill is that it includes many provisions, USIA, and ACDAÐand rolls them into the tians, all Cambodian refugees who have State Department. This bill creates a massive policy provisions, that restrict a Presi- failed to qualify for resettlement. dent’s ability to conduct foreign pol- State Department super-bureaucracy, doubling Mr. Chairman, the bill prohibits as- the number of employees and tripling the icy. It reduces our ability to follow sistance to countries that consistently through on the North Korean frame- budget managed by the Department, without oppose the United States in the U.N. providing either cost-savings or improvement work agreement. It derails our steady General Assembly. That could be a slap in foreign policy performance. support for democratic and market re- at a number of countries, for example, Second, this bill cuts international programs form in the New Independent States. It India, and also hurts countries too poor by $2 billion below the President's request, weakens our leverage in the inter- to have an ambassador resident in New and $1 billion from fiscal year 1995 appropria- national institutions. It changes our York to vote. refugee policies in ways that threaten This bill prohibits United States as- tions. Foreign aid is hit hardest. to open up our borders to tens of thou- sistance to countries that engage in Third, this bill is replete with policy restric- sands of new immigrants. nonmarket trade with Cuba. That tions and earmarks that hamstring the Presi- Many of these provisions in the bill could be applied to Russia. It might be dent. In country after country, this bill subjects are complicated, vague, and ambigu- applied to Mexico. I am told it might important bilateral relationships to a single- ous. On several occasions the sponsors even apply to Ireland. issue litmus test. It sets a new standard for of the amendments could not tell us This bill not only makes deep cuts in micromanagement and poorly-drafted provi- what countries would be affected other development assistance and the devel- sions. than perhaps a specific country that opment for Africa, but it earmarks III. PROBLEMS WITH THE BILL was specifically targeted. two-thirds of what is left for a very A. ReorganizationÐI will oppose this bill be- We simply do not know the impact of worthy purpose: child survival re- cause it mandates reorganization of the for- many of these amendments. And while sources, which all of us support. But as eign policy bureaucracy. it can be said that any one of these you diminish the total number of re- Proponents have provided no rationale for amendments may very well have merit, sources in the bill and then earmark the reorganization. The committee had little the fact is that when you put all of two-thirds of what is left, it means you time to study the proposal and little consider- these amendments together in this bill, reduce money for microenterprise lend- ation was given to its implications. dozens of them, dozens of amendments, ing, agriculture, family planning and This bill merely shuffles boxes on a chart. It the cumulative effect of those amend- health. represents micromanagement without any evi- ments is you tie a President’s hands in Well, the President then is going to dence of cost-saving or benefit to U.S. foreign knots when he tries to conduct Amer- be severely restricted by the passage of policy. ican foreign policy. this bill, and this bill is going to be There is no relationship between the reorga- This bill ties the hands of the Presi- seen across the world as a retreat from nization plan in this bill and the problems we dent in China. It undermines the 1982 our ability to lead. It signals a retreat confront in the world. There is no effort to tie United States-China agreement on from world leadership and a stepping these reorganization proposals to any im- arms sales to Taiwan. It eliminates the back from world responsibilities. provement in American foreign policy. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5407 USIA, ACDA, and AID have missionsÐand which represents less than 1 percent of Fed- programs'', the bill offers political asylum to a expertiseÐquite distinct from the State De- eral spending. billion Chinese. This provision will facilitate partment. These serve U.S. interests and This bill: Cuts development assistance by Chinese alien smuggling to the United States. would likely be lost in a massive new State $442 million, or 34 percent below the Presi- This bill requires the United States to admit Department. dent's request; cuts the Development Fund for or help resettle elsewhere all Vietnamese, Rather than make foreign policy more co- Africa by $173 million, or 21 percent below the Laotians, and Cambodian refugees who have herent, reorganization will simply create a President's request; cuts assistance for Latin failed to qualify for resettlement. massive State Department bureaucracy, dou- America and the Caribbean, according to the This bill prohibits assistance to countries bling the number of employees and tripling the administration's best estimates, by $213 mil- that consistently oppose the U.S. position in current budget. All this in an agency notori- lion, or 25 percent below the President's re- the U.N. General Assembly. This is a slap to ously weak on management. quest; cuts assistance for Eastern Europe and India, and also hurts countries too poor to Under the Clinton administration, the foreign the Baltics by $155 million, or 32 percent have an ambassador resident in New York to policy agencies are already streamlining and below the President's request; cuts assistance vote. achieving significant reductions and cost-sav- for the New Independent States of the former This bill prohibits U.S. assistance to coun- ings. Under the Clinton administration, staff al- Soviet Union by $145 million, or 18 percent tries that engage in non-market trade with ready has been reduced by 2,300 in these for- below the President's request; and cuts our Cuba. This could be applied to Russia, Mex- eign policy agencies, contributing to $500 mil- contributions to international organizations by ico, and even Ireland. This bill not only makes deep cuts in devel- lion in cost savings so far. The administration $209 million, or 14 percent below the Presi- opment assistance and the Development of has pledged to cut another $5 billion from the dent's request. Africa, it earmarks two-thirds of what's left. It international affairs budget from 1997 through Further cuts in foreign assistance are nec- increases child survival resources, which we the year 2000. essary, and appropriate. But the cuts in this all support, but takes away resources for other Yet the Congressional Budget Office has bill are wrong, they are extreme, and they are important programsÐmicroenterprise lending, not done any study on the potential cost sav- draconian. agriculture, basic education, and family plan- ings that would result from the consolidation C. Policy provisionsÐThe third reason I will ning and health. mandated by this bill. oppose this bill is that it includes many policy Compare this consolidation to the com- provisions that restrict the President's ability to IV. CONCLUSION: FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS prehensive review of the Pentagon under one conduct foreign policy. The President has a handful of tools with of our former colleagues, Les Aspin, whose It reduces our ability to follow through on which to conduct foreign policy and protect na- passing we mourn this week. Compare this bill the North Korean framework agreement. tional security: he can use military force, he to the comprehensive review of intelligence It derails our steady support for democratic can use diplomacy, he can use economic le- community now underway in the Administra- and market reform in the new independent verage, and he can use foreign assistance. If we pass this bill, we will be limiting his ability tion. states. There is no comparison. There is no ration- It weakens our leverage at the United Na- to use three of those tools. The bottom line is simple: This bill signals a ale, no Bottom-Up Review behind this reorga- tions and in other international institutions. retreat from world leadership, a stepping back nization proposal. I have looked at this bill, It changes our refugee policies in ways that from world responsibilities. and I simply do not have a good idea what it threaten to open up our borders to tens of I don't think that is the message this House will do to the operation of American foreign thousands of new immigrants. wants to send to the world. This debate is not Many of these provisions are complex, policy. really about shuffling boxes, or cutting bureau- Reorganization is a needless distraction vague, and ambiguous. Many of the sponsors crats. It is about the President's ability to carry from the real issues facing American foreign could not say what countries their amend- out his constitutional role to conduct American policy. It is a drain on the resources of senior ments would affect, other than the country foreign policy. officials who should be devoting their time and specifically targeted. We do not know a lot I believe this bill undermines our ability to talent to the genuine problems of U.S. foreign about the impact of these amendments. Any support America's security, to advance Ameri- policy. single amendment may have merit, but the cu- ca's interests, and to lead in the world. We are B. Cutting resourcesÐthe second reason I mulative effect is to tie the President in knots. the world's only superpower. We have an ex- will oppose this bill is that it cuts drastically the This bill ties the President's hands on traordinary opportunity to shape the worldÐ resources this PresidentÐor any PresidentÐ China. It undermines the 1982 U.S. agreement open societies and free markets. But we can- needs to conduct U.S. foreign policy. with China on arms sales to Taiwan; elimi- not do it if we impose draconian cuts on re- This bill will force the United States out of nates the President's discretion to decide sources and engage in an assault on the the game as a player in major parts of the which leaders from Taiwan may visit the Unit- President's authority to manage and to con- world. The United States cannot lead without ed States; and mandates a U.S. special envoy duct American foreign policy. resources. on Tibet. I urge a ``no'' vote on this bill. Foreign assistance promotes U.S. security This bill ties the President's hands on Rus- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 and reduces defense spending because it sia. It requires a cutoff of assistance if the minutes to the gentleman from Indiana costs less to address problems before they President cannot certify improved Russian be- [Mr. BURTON], the distinguished chair- become threats to U.S. security. Foreign as- havior in Chechnya; and, if a country sells nu- man of our Subcommittee on the West- sistance, for example, enabled us to persuade clear equipment, dual-use items or military ern Hemisphere. Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan to become equipment to Iran or other states on the terror- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- non-nuclear weapons states. ism list. man, I thank the gentleman for yield- Foreign assistance benefits the United Not only would this sweeping provision cut ing time to me. I hate to rise and op- States directly. Nearly 80 percent of aid pro- off assistance to Russia, it would almost cer- pose my good friend and colleague from curement goes directly to American firms and tainly cut off assistance to Poland, Hungary, Indiana, but I think there are some non-governmental organizations. and several other friendly countries in Eastern things that should be pointed out. Foreign assistance develops markets and Europe. He said in his very eloquent speech increase U.S. exports. Most growth in U.S. ex- This bill requires the cutoff of assistance to just a moment ago that this bill is ports comes from the developing world, and any country that blocks the delivery of U.S. going to hurt our security and hurt the countriesÐsuch as those in the former Soviet humanitarian assistance. This will cut off as- President’s ability to conduct foreign blocÐthat are now in transition to a free mar- sistance to Turkey. It could cut off assistance policy. The President just got back ket. to Israel if Israel decides for security reasons from Moscow. When he went to Moscow We agree with our colleagues in the major- to stop a single U.S. shipment to Gaza or Jeri- he was going to say something to the ity that the times call for reduced government. cho. Because of the Greek embargo of the Russian President, Mr. Yeltsin, about We agree that savings can be found in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, this selling nuclear technology to Iran. And international affairs budget. provision could potentially lead to a cutoff of he was also going to talk about the But foreign assistance has already been cut U.S. assistance to Greece. atrocities that are taking place in by 40 percent in the last decade. In 1985, for- This bill will open the door wide for a vast Chechnya at the hands of Russian eign assistance was 2.5 percent of the budget. expansion of illegal immigrants, especially troops and try to get that stopped. Nei- Today it is 1 percent. The Federal budget can- from the People's Republic of China. By offer- ther of those policies were reversed by not be balanced by deep cuts in foreign aid, ing asylum to ``victims of coercive population the Russian Government. H 5408 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 The Russian leaders said in a joint lead. But this bill belies that state- throughout the world, we are about to press conference, in effect, keep your ment. Were it to pass, it would dem- withdraw. When has America ever been nose out of our business, just keep the onstrate that a majority of Repub- afraid to lead? foreign aid coming. And they are going licans in this House are indeed isola- America has been the greatest and is to go ahead and sell nuclear technology tionists. the greatest, most powerful country in to the Iranians who want to build an Mr. Chairman, in this bill we are not the world. Not only can it lead, it must international ballistic missile system listening, as the Speaker suggested. lead. My colleagues, let us really do or at least short-range missile systems The other nations of the world are lis- what Speaker GINGRICH suggested, lis- to enhance their power in that part of tening, and the message they hear is ten, learn, help, and lead. the world. They want to have the nu- ‘‘stay engaged.’’ But that message has Vote this bill down. I urge a ‘‘no’’ clear technology so they can build nu- fallen on deaf ears to many in this vote on the America Overseas Isola- clear warheads, and we are allowing Chamber. It is hard to understand my tionist Act of 1995. them to be sold. Our President was not friends on the other side of the aisle. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I able to stop that. They are big promoters of inter- yield 4 minutes to the distinguished Now, how are we hurting national se- national trade, but they do not want to gentleman from Florida [Mr. JOHN- curity when our leader goes over there stay engaged in a manner that provides STON], an important member of the and cannot get the job done? The way the stability for that trade to take committee. Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida. Mr. we deal with it is for Congress to send place. Chairman, I rise in very vigorous and a message. The Congress is sending a They do not want the United Nations strong opposition to House Resolution message in this bill. We are saying to to lead, but they do not want America 1561. The foreign assistance bill rep- the Soviets, you sell that technology to lead either. So who leads? resents, as my previous speaker said, a to the Iranians and there is a penalty Mr. Chairman, in this bill we are not return to isolationism. This is at its that is going to be incurred. The secu- learning either. During the post-World- height. I really feel that I am in a time rity of the world is at risk because we War-II era, America was at her best warp going back to the early 1920’s have a bunch of nuts over there in Iran when she did learn the lessons of war. when Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. got us running that country. We know about America helped to rebuild the free world and organize the most awesome out of the League of Nations. We are their terrorist activities. now becoming the isolationist country Now regarding the requirement in alliance for peace and freedom the of the world. world has ever known. It led that alli- the bill that says that, if you do not We live in a unipolar world. The vote with the United States at least 25 ance to victory over dur- United States is the lone remaining su- percent of the time, get that, 25 per- ing the cold war. But now that the cold perpower on Earth. Our actions will cent of the time in the United Nations, war is over, we want to stick our heads profoundly affect the nature of the we are not going to give you foreign as- in the sand and wish all of the world’s world in which we live. sistance. Does that sound unreason- problems away. Instead of sewing the U.S. foreign assistance supports his- able? seeds for economic prosperity, we are toric traditions to free market democ- Is it unreasonable for the American seeking massive cuts in programs that racies, which are occurring across the taxpayers’ dollars not going to a coun- promote development, U.S. economic globe. As the previous speaker said, try that only votes with us 25 percent interests, and the sales of American look what happened when we poured of the time? I mean, if you ask any- products abroad. into South Korea during all these years body in this country, do you think Take a look at the Japanese ap- in foreign assistance, and it is return- your tax dollars should go to a country proach in their own backyard, the ing to us doubly now in the trade that that votes against us over 75 percent of Asia-Pacific region. Right now the Jap- we have there. the time in the United Nations every anese Government is busy priming the The records show that democracies time we have a major issue, they would pumps of the emerging Asian develop- do not go to war with democracies. And say, heck no. They ought to vote with ing countries with huge amounts of de- the spread of democracy is directly in us at least 50 percent of the time. This velopment assistance. They do not con- the United States’ national security in- bill only says 25 percent of the time. sider them handouts. These are invest- terests. The growth of market econo- There are countries that will be pe- ments that are going to lock in, for the mies around the world, providing new nalized because they vote against us all Japanese, tremendous economic bene- markets for United States exports, is the time, and they are getting hun- fits in terms of exports of goods and in the economic interest of the United dreds of millions of dollars of tax- services for the Japanese well into the States. payers’ money. That is wrong. 21st century. Americans are, thankfully, a moral This bill is a good bill, it is well bal- They gave $5 billion alone to that re- people. We are our brother’s keeper, anced. It sends a very strong signal gion, but it paid off handsomely for and provision of humanitarian aid to around the world and to the adminis- them. They grew their exports by 57 the world’s poorest people is in our tration as well: Be strong in foreign percent to $145 billion. We are not moral interest. policy and we are going to be strong. doing the same. We are falling behind, The severe cuts in the bill ignore Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I and I am concerned that that gap will United States interests, moreover. I yield 4 minutes to the distinguished create a tremendous problem for us in am sure it has already been quoted but gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. our exports, which means jobs here at let us go back and look at the New MENENDEZ]. home. York Times poll that was published 2 (Mr. MENENDEZ asked and was Export growth is not a luxury we can weeks ago. I am convinced that the given permission to revise and extend do without. It is a requirement for the Contract for America was written by a his remarks.) basic health of our domestic economy. pollster, but he really missed the boat Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. Chairman, I It is a requirement for the basic health on this one. thank the gentleman for yielding time of our domestic economy. It is a re- It found that Americans thought that to me. quirement if we are to provide Amer- 15 percent of foreign aid is too high and Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposi- ican workers with high-paying, high- too much, but 5 percent is about right tion to H.R. 1561. I am afraid that the skilled jobs. and 3 percent would be too little. We title of the bill should not be the Amer- Mr. Chairman, in this bill we are not are now giving less than 1 percent of ican Overseas Interests Act. It should helping either. Quite the contrary, we our budget to foreign aid. be really called the American Overseas are sending a clear message to the I oppose many of the specific provi- Isolationist Act of 1995. world and to our allies that we do not sions in the bill. Consolidation will cre- Just yesterday the Speaker of the want to help and that we prefer to look ate one huge unwieldy House said in a speech before the Coun- inward. megabureaucracy. It will reduce ac- cil of the Americas that Republicans Finally, Mr. Chairman, in this bill we countability, shift the Secretary of are not neoisolationists. He said that have no intention of leading. After State’s attention from policy to pro- America must listen, learn, help, and spending trillions of dollars in conflicts gram management and will wash down May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5409 and water down the specialized func- must wonder how we can have more for the North Koreans, which is happening tions of each agency. military sales when the basic develop- at this very moment on the nuclear In particular, it will, by merging all ment accounts are being stripped bare. framework agreement. It eliminates into the State Department, subsume Mr. Chairman, I am also deeply con- any kind of leverage that we would development priorities to the day-to- cerned about the future of aid to Israel. have with the North Koreans, the day management of diplomacy. Israel has taken great risks by under- South Koreans, and all those partici- I vigorously oppose many of the pro- taking the peace process with Jordan, pating in this very key initiative. visions in the other sections of the bill. the Palestinians, and the Arab coun- It limits the President’s ability to Cut the population programs; you talk tries in the region. Yet, we are rapidly deal with migration and refugee affairs about degradation of the environment; moving towards isolating Israel, Egypt, which is becoming increasingly impor- wait until this comes along; Develop- and the Middle East peace allocations tant in this interdepartmental world. ment assistance cuts and peacemaking within a rapidly shrinking foreign aid On the shores of our own country, our cuts will cripple our efforts in vital budget. This is a dangerous precedent borders, this bill drastically restricts areas. which will leave the Middle East peace our ability to deal with their issue. Our But perhaps above all else, I oppose process hanging out, almost alone, vul- relationship with China is jeopardized the 22 percent slash in our assistance nerable to future cuts when the peace by this bill, and our relationship with to Africa. We now give $600 million to process may require larger, rather than the new independent states is jeopard- 600 million people. I believe that this smaller, allocations in order to be im- ized. This bill reduces the assistance cut is immoral, will necessitate huge plemented. that we need to give them to keep future expenditures on preventive hu- Mr. Chairman, I am glad that this them not just market-oriented and manitarian prices. We could have bill takes care of Israel this year. If it democratic, but moving in the direc- stopped the crisis in Somalia in which is the intent to take care of the few to tion that we want in terms of NATO we dropped $1.5 billion or the crisis in the detriment of all others, I will not and the power relationship in Europe. Rwanda, where we dropped $600 mil- but it. I will not be put in a position of This bill also severely restricts the lion, if we had gotten in their earlier being for myself alone. President’s ability to reorganize the with humanitarian assistance. Mr. Chairman, during the past decade foreign policy machine. This bill abol- Mr. Chairman, I strongly urge a no we worked in a bipartisan fashion to ishes important agencies, including vote on this bill. craft a foreign aid bill that could re- AID, USDA, and USIA, that right now ceive the support of both sides. Today conduct our foreign policy, and with- b 1545 we have a bill that is designed to un- out any administration consultant. It Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I dermine our President and Secretary of basically says we know best. We are yield 3 minutes to the distinguished State by devastating cuts to our for- going to abolish them, and we are gentleman from New York [Mr. ACKER- eign policy agencies and to the world- going to decide what is best for the ad- MAN]. wide assistance which serves to but- ministration’s conduct of foreign pol- (Mr. ACKERMAN asked and was tress U.S. foreign policy objectives. icy. given permission to revise and extend Mr. Chairman, the destruction in this Most importantly, Mr. Chairman, his remarks.) bill may be popular with the majority this bill kills any kind of effort by the Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I today, but the implications for tomor- United States to be involved in devel- rise in reluctant opposition to this bill. row should give us pause before this opment assistance. The bill would re- The legislation before us today rep- Congress enacts such shortsighted leg- duce development assistance by 34 per- resents a retrenchment of U.S. foreign islation. cent, cut Africa’s development assist- policy in the post-cold-war era. For the Mr. Chairman, I urge the defeat of ance by 21 percent, a devastating cut, past 40 years we fought the cold war this bill. at the same time that in Latin Amer- and we prevailed. Now a wave of neo- Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I ica we have halved our development as- isolationism has taken over and this yield 3 minutes to the distinguished sistance. We are no longer players in Congress is preparing to walk away gentleman from New Mexico [Mr. RICH- that arena. from our responsibilities as a world ARDSON]. What would we have to do if this bill leader. This bill is destructive not only (Mr. RICHARDSON asked and was is passed? The administration would be to the foreign policy apparatus of this given permission to revise and extend forced to abruptly withdraw support government, but the massive budget his remarks.) for programs in up to 20 lower-income cuts that will result from it are unwise Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, countries, beyond the 27 the adminis- and shortsighted. first let me say that my opposition to tration is committed to terminating; Furthermore, this bill proposes the this bill, very categorically, does not but by not engaging in the developing elimination of three agencies, without diminish the great respect I have for world, we are simply arming Europe even a hint of what the cost will be. the gentleman from New York, BEN and Japan to beat us in the world of During the committee markup, an GILMAN, and his leadership on foreign trade. This is not a good bill, and it amendment was offered that is totally policy issues for many, many years. I should be defeated. consistent, even with the Contract want to commend the gentleman from Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, as I With America, requiring a cost-benefit Indiana [Mr. HAMILTON] once again for understand it, I have 1 minute remain- analysis of the proposal so Congress being steadfast to the bipartisanship ing, and I yield that 1 minute to the may understand the costs that we are that has always existed in our foreign distinguished gentlewoman from New about to incur as a result of adopting policy, and which, regrettably, seems York [Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ]. this consolidation legislation. Unfortu- to be ending this year with political (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ asked and was nately, the majority oppose the cost- documents, H.R. 7, and now this piece given permission to revise and extend cutting benefit proposal in a year when of legislation. her remarks.) they are otherwise zealously commit- Suffice it to say, Mr. Chairman, that Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I ted to its rigorous application in the the Secretary of State of the United rise in strong opposition to this bill. conduct of Government’s affairs. This States says that this bill ‘‘wages an ex- This week the Republicans do for over- inconsistency is striking, to say the traordinary assault on this and every seas interests what the new majority least future President’s constitutional au- has done for the domestic agenda. They On the foreign aid side of the ledger, thority to manage foreign policy.’’ target assistance for the most needy, the bill offered today cuts development That is pretty strong language. I be- while preserving billions of dollars for assistance massively, with a 20-percent lieve we should pay heed to that lan- military and security spending. cut alone for the development fund for guage. We are strangling the Executive The promotion of peace and inter- Africa. I vigorously oppose these cuts Branch’s ability to conduct foreign pol- national development were once seen at a time when, magically, there are icy. as vital to global peace and prosperity. sufficient funds available to increase What this bill does is virtually elimi- They were also considered as impor- foreign military sales within the bill. I nate our opportunity to negotiate with tant domestic priorities. H 5410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 This bill reverses those policies. It SEC. 2. ORGANIZATION OF ACT INTO DIVISIONS; Sec. 346. International broadcasting activi- cuts humanitarian assistance for edu- TABLE OF CONTENTS. ties. cation, AIDS prevention, and agricul- (a) DIVISIONS.—This Act is organized into Sec. 347. Television broadcasting to Cuba. three divisions as follows: tural research; abolishes AID; and crip- Sec. 348. Radio broadcasting to Cuba. (1) Division A—Consolidation of Foreign Sec. 349. National Endowment for Democ- ples international peacekeeping oper- Affairs Agencies. racy. ations. It means death for hundreds of (2) Division B—Foreign Relations Author- Sec. 350. United States scholarship program thousands of innocent children in Afri- izations. for developing countries. ca, and many more civilian casualties (3) Division C—Foreign Assistance Author- Sec. 351. Fascell Fellowship Board. in the Balkans. izations. Sec. 352. National Security Education This so-called Overseas Interests Act (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- Board. tents for this Act is as follows: instead invests in arms. Billions more Sec. 353. Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange between North and are wasted on military hardware in the Sec. 1. Short title. Sec. 2. Organization of Act into divisions; South. Middle East—one of the most heavily table of contents. Sec. 354. East-West Center. armed regions in the world. DIVISION A—CONSOLIDATION OF Sec. 355. Mission of the Department of The foreign assistance cuts will not FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES State. Sec. 356. Consolidation of administrative even make a dent in the deficit. Only 1 TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS percent of the Federal budget is spent services. Sec. 101. Short title. Sec. 357. Grants. on foreign aid. Even less goes towards Sec. 102. Congressional findings. development assistance. Sec. 358. Ban on domestic activities. Sec. 103. Purposes. Sec. 359. Conforming repeal to the Arms While the world calls out for oppor- Sec. 104. Definitions. Control and Disarmament Act. tunity and brotherhood, this bill offers TITLE II—UNITED STATES ARMS Sec. 360. Repeal relating to procurement of isolation and indifference. For inter- CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY legal services. national peace and prosperity, and do- CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 361. Repeal relating to payment of sub- mestic sanity, I urge my colleagues to Sec. 201. Effective date. sistence expenses. vote ‘‘no.’’ Sec. 202. References in title. Sec. 362. Conforming amendment to the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Seed Act. CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF UNITED STATES Sec. 363. International Cultural and Trade gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HAMIL- ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY Center Commission. TON] has expired. AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SECRETARY Sec. 364. Foreign Service Act of 1980. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield OF STATE Sec. 365. Au pair programs. myself such time as I may consume. Sec. 211. Abolition of United States Arms Sec. 366. Exchange program with countries (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given Control and Disarmament in transition from totalitarian- permission to revise and extend his re- Agency. ism to democracy. marks.) Sec. 212. Transfer of functions to Secretary Sec. 367. Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship pro- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I fully of State. gram. agree with the gentleman from Indiana CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT Sec. 368. Implementation of convention on OF STATE RELATING TO FUNCTIONS TRANS- cultural property. [Mr. HAMILTON] that this bill makes FERRED UNDER THIS TITLE Sec. 369. Mike Mansfield Fellowships. significant changes. My colleagues, if Sec. 221. Reorganization plan. TITLE IV—AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL you want to reduce the foreign aid Sec. 222. Coordinator for arms control and DEVELOPMENT budget, I urge you to vote for this bill. disarmament. CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS If you want to bring about savings in CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS our State Department budget by con- Sec. 401. Effective date. Sec. 241. References. Sec. 402. References in title. solidating the three agencies of the Sec. 242. Repeal of establishment of agency. CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF THE AGENCY FOR Federal Government, then vote for this Sec. 243. Repeal of positions and offices. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRANS- bill. If you support aid for Sec. 244. Transfer of authorities and func- FER OF FUNCTIONS TO SECRETARY OF STATE tions under the Arms Control antiterrorism assistance, counter-nar- Sec. 411. Abolition of Agency for Inter- and Disarmament Act to the cotics programs,and assistance for sta- national Development and the Secretary of State. bilizing the Middle East, you should International Development Co- Sec. 245. Conforming amendments. vote for this bill. If you prefer the sta- operation Agency. tus quo, more bureaucracy and in- TITLE III—UNITED STATES Sec. 412. Transfer of functions to Secretary creased foreign aid spending, then your INFORMATION AGENCY of State. vote is ‘‘no.’’ With the adoption of the CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT Brownback amendment, this bill will Sec. 301. Effective date. OF STATE RELATING TO FUNCTIONS TRANS- be under budget. Secretary of State CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF UNITED STATES IN- FERRED UNDER THIS TITLE Warren Christopher earlier this year FORMATION AGENCY AND TRANSFER OF FUNC- Sec. 421. Reorganization plan. proposed consolidation. This bill will TIONS TO SECRETARY OF STATE Sec. 422. Principal officers. make it happen. I urge my colleagues Sec. 311. Abolition of United States Informa- CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS to vote for this bill, the American tion Agency. Sec. 441. References. Sec. 312. Transfer of functions to Secretary Sec. 442. Abolition of Office of Inspector Overseas Interests Act. of State. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield General of the Agency for CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT back the balance of my time. International Development and OF STATE RELATING TO FUNCTIONS TRANS- transfer of functions to Office The CHAIRMAN. All time for general FERRED UNDER THIS TITLE of Inspector General of the De- debate has expired. Sec. 321. Reorganization plan. partment of State. Pursuant to the rule, the committee Sec. 322. Principal officers. Sec. 443. Abolition of Chief Financial Officer amendment in the nature of a sub- CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS of the Agency for International stitute, as modified, printed in the bill Development and transfer of Sec. 341. References. functions to Chief Financial Of- is considered as an original bill for the Sec. 342. Abolition of Office of Inspector ficer Department of State. purpose of amendment, and is consid- General of the United States Sec. 444. Amendments to title 5, United ered as having been read. Information Agency and trans- States Code. fer of functions to Office of In- The text of the committee amend- Sec. 445. Public Law 480 program. ment in the nature of a substitute, as spector General of the Depart- TITLE V—TRANSITION modified, is as follows: ment of State. Sec. 343. Amendments to title 5. Sec. 501. Reorganization authority. H.R. 1561 Sec. 344. Amendments to United States In- Sec. 502. Transfer and allocation of appro- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of formation and Educational Ex- priations and personnel. representatives of the United States of change Act of 1948. Sec. 503. Incidental transfers. America assembled, Sec. 345. Amendments to the Mutual Edu- Sec. 504. Effect on personnel. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. cational and Cultural Exchange Sec. 505. Voluntary separation incentives. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘American Act of 1961 (Fulbright-Hays Sec. 506. Savings provisions. Overseas Interests Act of 1995’’. Act). Sec. 507. Property and facilities. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5411 Sec. 508. Authority of Secretary to facilitate Sec. 2304. Elimination of statutory estab- Sec. 2643. Role of the Republic of Korea transition. lishment of certain positions of under the agreed framework. Sec. 509. Recommendations for additional the Department of State. Sec. 2644. Further steps to promote United conforming amendments. Sec. 2305. Establishment of Assistant Sec- States security and political in- Sec. 510. Final report. retary of State for Human Re- terests with respect to North Sec. 511. Severability. sources. Korea. DIVISION B—FOREIGN RELATIONS Sec. 2306. Authority of United States perma- Sec. 2645. Restrictions on assistance to AUTHORIZATIONS nent representative to the Unit- North Korea and the Korean pe- TITLE XX—GENERAL PROVISIONS ed Nations. ninsula energy development or- ganization. Sec. 2001. Short title. CHAPTER 2—PERSONNEL OF THE DEPARTMENT Sec. 2002. Definitions. OF STATE; THE FOREIGN SERVICE CHAPTER 3—BURMA TITLE XXI—AUTHORIZATION OF APPRO- Sec. 2351. Authorized strength of the For- Sec. 2651. United States policy concerning PRIATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT OF eign Service. the dictatorship in Burma. Sec. 2352. Repeal of authority for Senior STATE AND CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL CHAPTER 4—TORTURE AFFAIRS FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES Foreign Service performance pay. Sec. 2661. Definitions. CHAPTER 1—AUTHORIZATIONS OF Sec. 2353. Recovery of costs of health care Sec. 2662. United States policy with respect APPROPRIATIONS services. to the involuntary return of Sec. 2101. Administration of Foreign Affairs. TITLE XXIV—UNITED STATES PUBLIC DI- persons subjected to torture. Sec. 2102. International organizations, pro- PLOMACY: AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVI- TITLE XXVII—CONGRESSIONAL grams, and conferences. TIES FOR UNITED STATES INFORMA- STATEMENTS Sec. 2103. International commissions. TIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CUL- Sec. 2701. Inter-American organizations. Sec. 2104. Migration and refugee assistance. TURAL PROGRAMS Sec. 2702. Territorial integrity of Bosnia and Sec. 2105. Certain other international affairs Herzegovina. programs. CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 2106. United States informational, edu- Sec. 2401. Elimination of permanent author- Sec. 2703. The Laogai system of political cational, and cultural pro- ization. prisons. Sec. 2704. Concerning the use of funds to fur- grams. Sec. 2402. Extension of au pair programs. Sec. 2107. United States arms control and Sec. 2403. Educational and cultural ex- ther normalize relations with disarmament. changes with Hong Kong. Vietnam. Sec. 2404. Conduct of certain educational Sec. 2705. Declaration of Congress regarding TITLE XXII—DEPARTMENT OF STATE and cultural exchange pro- United States Government AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVITIES grams in Asia. human rights policy toward CHAPTER 1—AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVITIES Sec. 2405. Educational and cultural ex- China. Sec. 2201. Revision of Department of State changes and scholarships for Sec. 2706. Concerning the United Nations rewards program. Tibetans and Burmese. Voluntary Fund for Victims of Sec. 2202. Authorities of Secretary of State. Sec. 2406. Availability of Voice of America Torture. Sec. 2203. Buying power maintenance ac- and Radio Marti multilingual Sec. 2707. Recommendations of the Presi- count. computer readable text and dent for reform of war powers Sec. 2204. Expenses relating to certain inter- voice recordings. resolution. national claims and proceed- Sec. 2407. Retention of interest. Sec. 2708. Conflict in Kashmir. ings. Sec. 2408. USIA office in Pristina, Kosova. Sec. 2709. United States relations with the Sec. 2205. Consolidation of United States CHAPTER 2—INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING Former Yugoslav Republic of diplomatic missions and con- Sec. 2431. Expansion of Broadcasting Board Macedonia (FYROM). sular posts. of Governors. Sec. 2710. Sense of the Congress relating to Sec. 2206. Denial of passports to Sec. 2432. Plan for Radio Free Asia. Indonesia. noncustodial parents subject to Sec. 2433. Pilot project for freedom broad- Sec. 2711. Displaced persons. state arrest warrants in cases casting to Asia. DIVISION C—FOREIGN ASSISTANCE of nonpayment of child support. AUTHORIZATIONS Sec. 2207. Capital investment fund. TITLE XXV—INTERNATIONAL Sec. 2208. Efficiency in procurement. ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMISSIONS Sec. 3001. Short title. Sec. 2209. Training. CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 3002. Declaration of policy. CHAPTER 2—CONSULAR AUTHORITIES OF THE Sec. 2501. International Boundary and Water TITLE XXXI—DEFENSE AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT OF STATE Commission. ASSISTANCE Sec. 2231. Surcharge for processing certain CHAPTER 2—UNITED NATIONS AND AFFILIATED CHAPTER 1—MILITARY AND RELATED machine readable visas. AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS ASSISTANCE Sec. 2232. Fingerprint check requirement. Sec. 2521. Reform in budget decisionmaking SUBCHAPTER A—FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING Sec. 2233. Use of certain passport processing procedures of the United Na- PROGRAM fees for enhanced passport serv- tions and its specialized agen- Sec. 3101. Authorization of appropriations. ices. cies. Sec. 3102. Administrative expenses. Sec. 2234. Consular officers. Sec. 2522. Limitation on contributions to Sec. 3103. Assistance for Israel. CHAPTER 3—REFUGEES AND MIGRATION the United Nations or United Sec. 3104. Assistance for Egypt. Sec. 2251. United States emergency refugee Nations affiliated organiza- Sec. 3105. Loans for Greece and Turkey. and migration assistance fund. tions. Sec. 3106. Terms of loans. Sec. 2252. Persecution for resistance to coer- Sec. 2523. Report on UNICEF. Sec. 3107. Nonrepayment of grant assistance. cive population control meth- Sec. 2524. United Nations budgetary and Sec. 3108. Additional requirements. ods. management reform. SUBCHAPTER B—OTHER ASSISTANCE Sec. 2253. Report to congress concerning TITLE XXVI—FOREIGN POLICY Sec. 3121. Defense drawdown special authori- Cuban emigration policies. PROVISIONS ties. Sec. 2254. United States policy regarding the CHAPTER 1—MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN POLICY Sec. 3122. Stockpiles of defense articles. involuntary return of refugees. PROVISIONS Sec. 3123. Transfer of excess defense articles. Sec. 2255. Extension of certain adjudication Sec. 2601. Taiwan Relations Act. Sec. 3124. Nonlethal excess defense articles provisions. Sec. 2602. Bosnia Genocide Justice Act. for Albania. TITLE XXIII—ORGANIZATION OF THE DE- Sec. 2603. Expansion of Commission on Secu- CHAPTER 2—INTERNATIONAL MILITARY PARTMENT OF STATE; DEPARTMENT rity and Cooperation in Europe. EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF STATE PERSONNEL; THE FOREIGN CHAPTER 2—RELATING TO THE UNITED STATES- Sec. 3141. Authorization of appropriations. SERVICE NORTH KOREA AGREED FRAMEWORK AND THE Sec. 3142. Assistance for Indonesia. CHAPTER 1—ORGANIZATION OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF NORTH KOREA UNDER THAT Sec. 3143. Additional requirements. DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND PREVIOUS AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT CHAPTER 3—ANTITERRORISM ASSISTANCE TO THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF THE KOREAN Sec. 2301. Coordinator for counterterrorism. Sec. 3151. Authorization of appropriations. Sec. 2302. Special envoy for Tibet. PENINSULA AND DIALOGUE WITH THE REPUB- Sec. 3152. Antiterrorism training assistance. Sec. 2303. Establishment of Coordinator for LIC OF KOREA Sec. 3153. Research and development ex- Human Rights and Refugees, Sec. 2641. Findings. penses. Bureau of Refugee and Migra- Sec. 2642. Clarification of nuclear non- tion Assistance, and Bureau of proliferation obligations of CHAPTER 4—NARCOTICS CONTROL ASSISTANCE Democracy, Human Rights, and North Korea under the agreed Sec. 3161. Authorization of appropriations. Labor. framework. Sec. 3162. Additional requirements. H 5412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

Sec. 3163. Notification requirement. CHAPTER 6—PEACE CORPS TITLE XXXIV—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES Sec. 3164. Waiver of restrictions for narcot- AND OTHER PROVISIONS Sec. 3261. Peace Corps. ics-related economic assist- CHAPTER 1—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES ance. Sec. 3262. Activities of the Peace Corps in Sec. 3401. Enhanced transfer authority. CHAPTER 5—NONPROLIFERATION AND the former Soviet Union. Sec. 3402. Authority to meet unanticipated DISARMAMENT FUND Sec. 3263. Prohibition on use of funds for contingencies. Sec. 3171. Nonproliferation and Disar- abortions. Sec. 3403. Special waiver authority. mament Fund. Sec. 3404. Termination of assistance. CHAPTER 7—INTERNATIONAL DISASTER CHAPTER 6—OTHER PROVISIONS CHAPTER 2—OTHER PROVISIONS ASSISTANCE Sec. 3181. Standardization of congressional Sec. 3411. Congressional presentation doc- review procedures for arms Sec. 3271. Authority to provide reconstruc- uments. transfers. tion assistance. Sec. 3412. Prohibition on assistance to for- Sec. 3182. Standardization of third country Sec. 3272. Authorizations of appropriations. eign governments engaged in espionage transfers of defense articles. against the United States. Sec. 3183. Increased standardization, ration- CHAPTER 8—OTHER PROVISIONS Sec. 3413. Debt restructuring for foreign alization, and interoperability assistance. of assistance and sales pro- Sec. 3281. Exemption from restrictions on Sec. 3414. Debt buybacks or sales for debt grams. assistance through nongovern- swaps. Sec. 3184. Repeal of price and availability re- mental organizations. Sec. 3415. Impact on jobs in the United porting requirement relating to Sec. 3282. Funding requirements relating to States. proposed sale of defense articles United States private and vol- Sec. 3416. Prohibition on assistance to for- and services. untary organizations. eign governments that export lethal Sec. 3185. Definition of significant military military equipment to countries sup- Sec. 3283. Documentation requested of pri- equipment. porting international terrorism. vate and voluntary organiza- Sec. 3186. Requirements relating to the Spe- Sec. 3417. Prohibition on assistance to tions. cial Defense Acquisition Fund. countries that consistently oppose the Sec. 3187. Cost of leased defense articles that Sec. 3284. Foreign government parking fines. United States position in the United have been lost or destroyed. Sec. 3285. Human rights reports. Nations General Assembly. Sec. 3188. Designation of major non-NATO Sec. 3418. Limitation on assistance to allies. Sec. 3286. Deobligation of certain unex- countries that restrict the transport or Sec. 3189. Certification thresholds. pended economic assistance delivery of United States humanitarian Sec. 3190. Competitive pricing for sales of funds. assistance. defense articles and services. Sec. 3419. Prohibition on assistance to for- Sec. 3191. Depleted uranium ammunition. TITLE XXXIII—REGIONAL PROVISIONS eign governments, private and vol- Sec. 3192. End-use monitoring of defense ar- Sec. 3301. Prohibition on assistance to for- untary organizations, and other enti- ticles and defense services. eign governments providing as- Sec. 3193. Brokering activities relating to ties that inhibit United States-sup- sistance to Cuba. commercial sales of defense ar- ported demining operations and activi- ticles and services. Sec. 3302. Assistance for Nicaragua. ties. CHAPTER 3—REPEALS TITLE XXXII—ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE Sec. 3303. Sense of the Congress regarding Sec. 3421. Repeal of obsolete provisions. CHAPTER 1—ECONOMIC SUPPORT ASSISTANCE relations with Burma. TITLE XXXV—EFFECTIVE DATE Sec. 3201. Economic support fund. Sec. 3304. Debt restructuring for Egypt. Sec. 3202. Assistance for Israel. Sec. 3501. Effective date. Sec. 3305. Prohibition on assistance to for- Sec. 3203. Assistance for Egypt. DIVISION A—CONSOLIDATION OF eign governments providing as- Sec. 3204. International Fund for Ireland. FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES sistance to Iran. Sec. 3205. Law enforcement assistance. TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER 2—ASSISTANCE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR Sec. 3306. Assistance for Pakistan. SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES Sec. 3307. Return of military equipment of This division may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign Sec. 3211. Private sector enterprise funds. Pakistan. Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1995’’. Sec. 3212. Micro- and small enterprise devel- Sec. 3308. Eligibility of Panama under Arms SEC. 102. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS. opment credits. Export Control Act. The Congress makes the following findings: Sec. 3213. Microenterprise development (1) With the end of the Cold War, the inter- grant assistance. Sec. 3309. Future of the United States mili- national challenges facing the United States CHAPTER 3—DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE tary presence in Panama. have changed, but the fundamental national SUBCHAPTER A—DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE Sec. 3310. Peace and stability in the South interests of the United States have not. The AUTHORITIES China Sea. security, economic, and humanitarian inter- ests of the United States require continued Sec. 3221. Authorizations of appropriations. Sec. 3311. Sense of the Congress regarding American engagement in international af- Sec. 3222. Assistance for child survival ac- narcotics control efforts of Co- fairs. The leading role of the United States tivities, Vitamin A Deficiency lombia. Program, and related activities. in world affairs will be as important in the Sec. 3223. Assistance for family planning. Sec. 3312. Notification of arms sales to Saudi twenty-first century as it has been in the Sec. 3224. Assistance for the independent Arabia. twentieth. states of the former Soviet Sec. 3313. Assistance for Zaire. (2) The United States budget deficit re- Union. quires that the foreign as well as the domes- Sec. 3225. Development Fund for Latin tic programs and activities of the United America and the Caribbean. States be carefully reviewed for potential Sec. 3226. Effectiveness of United States de- savings. Wherever possible, foreign programs velopment assistance. and activities must be streamlined, managed Sec. 3227. Funding for private and voluntary more efficiently, and adapted to the require- organizations and cooperatives. ments of the post-Cold War era. Sec. 3228. Sense of the Congress relating to (3) In order to downsize the foreign pro- United States cooperatives and grams and activities of the United States credit unions. without jeopardizing United States interests, SUBCHAPTER B—OPERATING EXPENSES strong and effective leadership will be re- Sec. 3231. Operating expenses generally. quired. As the official principally responsible Sec. 3232. Operating expenses of the office of for the conduct of foreign policy, the Sec- the inspector general. retary of State must have the authority to allocate efficiently the resources within the CHAPTER 4—PUBLIC LAW 480 international affairs budget. As a first step Sec. 3241. Levels of assistance for title II. in the downsizing process, the proliferation Sec. 3242. Authorization of appropriations of foreign affairs agencies that occurred dur- for title III. ing the Cold War must be reversed, and the CHAPTER 5—HOUSING GUARANTEE PROGRAM functions of these agencies must be restored Sec. 3251. Authorization of appropriations to the Secretary of State. for administrative expenses. (4) A streamlined and reorganized foreign Sec. 3252. Additional requirements. affairs structure under the strengthened May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5413

leadership of the Secretary of State can CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF UNITED (c) ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSITIONS.—The more effectively promote the international STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISAR- plan under subsection (a) shall provide for an interests of the United States in the next MAMENT AGENCY AND TRANSFER OF appropriate number of Assistant Secretaries century than the existing structure. FUNCTIONS TO SECRETARY OF STATE of State to carry out the functions trans- SEC. 103. PURPOSES. SEC. 211. ABOLITION OF UNITED STATES ARMS ferred to the Department under this title. CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT The purposes of this division are— SEC. 222. COORDINATOR FOR ARMS CONTROL AGENCY. AND DISARMAMENT. (1) to consolidate and reinvent foreign af- The United States Arms Control and Disar- fairs agencies of the United States within mament Agency is abolished. (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF COORDINATOR FOR the Department of State; SEC. 212. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT.—Section (2) to provide for the reorganization of the RETARY OF STATE. 1(e) of the State Department Basic Authori- Department of State to maximize the effi- There are transferred to the Secretary of ties Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(e)) is amend- cient use of resources, eliminate redundancy State all functions of the Director of the ed by adding after paragraph (4) the follow- in functions, effect budget savings, and im- United States Arms Control and Disar- ing new paragraph: prove the management of the State Depart- mament Agency and all functions of the ‘‘(5) COORDINATOR FOR ARMS CONTROL AND ment; United States Arms Control and Disar- DISARMAMENT.— (3) to strengthen— mament Agency and any officer or compo- ‘‘(A) There shall be within the office of the (A) the coordination of United States for- nent of such agency under any statute, reor- Secretary of State a Coordinator for Arms eign policy; and ganization plan, Executive order, or other Control and Disarmament (hereafter in this (B) the leading role of the Secretary of provision of law before the effective date of paragraph referred to as the ‘‘Coordinator’’ State in the formulation and articulation of this title, except as otherwise provided in who shall be appointed by the President, by United States foreign policy; and this title. and with the advice and consent of the Sen- (4) to abolish, not later than March 1, 1997, ate. The Coordinator shall report directly to the United States Arms Control and Disar- CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DE- PARTMENT OF STATE RELATING TO the Secretary of State. mament Agency, the United States Informa- ‘‘(B)(i) The Coordinator shall perform such tion Agency, the International Development FUNCTIONS TRANSFERRED UNDER THIS TITLE duties and exercise such power as the Sec- Cooperation Agency, and the Agency for retary of State shall prescribe. International Development. SEC. 221. REORGANIZATION PLAN. ‘‘(ii) The Coordinator shall be responsible (a) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—Not later than SEC. 104. DEFINITIONS. for arms control and disarmament matters. March 1, 1996, the President, in consultation The Coordinator shall head the Bureau of The following terms have the following with the Secretary and the Director of the meaning for the purposes of this division: Arms Control and Disarmament. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, ‘‘(C) The Coordinator shall have the rank (1) The term ‘‘AID’’ means the Agency for shall transmit to the appropriate congres- International Development. and status of Ambassador-at-Large. The Co- sional committees a reorganization plan pro- ordinator shall be compensated at the an- (2) The term ‘‘ACDA’’ means the United viding for— States Arms Control and Disarmament nual rate of basic pay in effect for a position (1) the abolition of the Arms Control and at level IV of the Executive Schedule under Agency. Disarmament Agency in accordance with (3) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, or, this title; if the Coordinator is appointed from the For- committees’’ means the Committee on Inter- (2) the transfer to the Department of State national Relations of the House of Rep- eign Service, the annual rate of pay which of the functions and personnel of the Arms the individual last received under the For- resentatives and the Committee of Foreign Control and Disarmament Agency consistent Relations of the Senate. eign Service Schedule, whichever is great- with the provisions of this title; and er.’’. (4) The term ‘‘Department’’ means the De- (3) the consolidation, reorganization, and partment of State. streamlining of the Department upon the (b) PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS OF NA- (5) The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ has the transfer of functions under this title in order TIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL.—Section 101 of the meaning given to the term ‘‘agency’’ by sec- to carry out such functions. National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 402) tion 551(1) of title 5, United States Code. (b) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan under sub- is amended by adding at the end the follow- (6) The term ‘‘function’’ means any duty, section (a) shall— ing new subsection: obligation, power, authority, responsibility, (1) identify the functions of the Arms Con- ‘‘(i) The Coordinator for Arms Control and right, privilege, activity, or program. trol and Disarmament Agency that will be Disarmament may, in the role of advisor to (7) The term ‘‘office’’ includes any office, transferred to the Department under the the National Security Council on arms con- administration, agency, institute, unit, orga- plan; trol and disarmament matters, and subject nizational entity, or component thereof. (2) identify the personnel and positions of to the direction of the President, attend and (8) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- the Agency (including civil service person- participate in meetings of the National Se- retary of State. nel, Foreign Service personnel, and curity Council.’’. (9) The term ‘‘USIA’’ means the United detailees) that will be transferred to the De- States Information Agency. (c) TRANSITION PROVISION.—The President partment, separated from service with the may appoint the individual serving as Direc- TITLE II—UNITED STATES ARMS Agency, or be eliminated under the plan, and tor of the Arms Control and Disarmament CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY set forth a schedule for such transfers, sepa- Agency on the day before the effective date rations, and terminations; CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS of this title, or such other officials appointed (3) identify the personnel and positions of by and with the advice and consent of the SEC. 201. EFFECTIVE DATE. the Department (including civil service per- Senate and serving within the Department of sonnel, Foreign Service personnel, and (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in State or the Arms Control and Disarmament subsection (b), this title, and the amend- detailees) that will be transferred within the Agency on the day before the effective date ments made by this title, shall take effect— Department, separated from service with the of this title as the President considers appro- (1) March 1, 1997; or Department, or eliminated under the plan, priate, to serve as the acting Coordinator for (2) on such earlier date as the President and set forth a schedule for such transfers, Arms Control and Disarmament until an in- shall determine to be appropriate and an- separations, and terminations; dividual is appointed to that office in accord- nounce by notice published in the Federal (4) specify the consolidations and reorga- ance with section 1(e)(5) of the State Depart- Register, which date may be not earlier than nization of functions of the Department that ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as 60 calendar days (excluding any day on which will be required under the plan in order to amended by this Act. either House of Congress is not in session be- permit the Department to carry out the cause of an adjournment sine die) after the functions transferred to the Department CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS under the plan; President has submitted a reorganization SEC. 241. REFERENCES. plan to the appropriate congressional com- (5) specify the funds available to the Arms mittees pursuant to section 221. Control and Disarmament Agency that will Any reference in any statute, reorganiza- be transferred to the Department as a result tion plan, Executive order, regulation, agree- (b) REORGANIZATION PLAN.—Section 221 of the transfer of functions of the Agency to ment, determination, or other official docu- shall take effect on the date of enactment of the Department; ment or proceeding to— this Act. (6) specify the proposed allocations within (1) the Director of the United States Arms SEC. 202. REFERENCES IN TITLE. the Department of unexpended funds trans- Control and Disarmament Agency or any Except as specifically provided in this ferred in connection with the transfer of other officer or employee of the United title, whenever in this title an amendment functions under the plan; and States Arms Control and Disarmament or repeal is expressed in terms of an amend- (7) specify the proposed disposition of the Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Sec- ment to, or repeal of, a provision, the ref- property, facilities, contracts, records, and retary of State; and erence shall be considered to be made to a other assets and liabilities of the Agency in (2) the United States Arms Control and provision of the Arms Control and Disar- connection with the transfer of the functions Disarmament Agency shall be deemed to mament Act. of the Agency to the Department. refer to the Department of State. H 5414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 SEC. 242. REPEAL OF ESTABLISHMENT OF AGEN- (2) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘the Unit- (ii) by striking ‘‘and the Director’’ and in- CY. ed States Arms Control and Disarmament serting ‘‘and the Secretary of Defense’’, Section 21 of the Arms Control and Disar- Agency and’’. (B) in subsection d., in the first proviso, by mament Act (22 U.S.C. 2561; relating to the SEC. 245. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. striking ‘‘Director of the Arms Control and establishment of the agency) is repealed. (a) ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT.—The Arms Disarmament Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Sec- SEC. 243. REPEAL OF POSITIONS AND OFFICES. Export Control Act is amended— retary of Defense’’, and The following sections of the Arms Control (1) in section 36(b)(1)(D) (22 U.S.C. (C) in the first undesignated paragraph fol- and Disarmament Act are repealed: 2776(b)(1)(D)), by striking ‘‘Director of the lowing subsection d., by striking ‘‘the Arms (1) Section 22 (22 U.S.C. 2562; relating to Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in Control and Disarmament Agency,’’. the Director). consultation with the Secretary of State (d) THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION ACT (2) Section 23 (22 U.S.C. 2563; relating to and’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State in OF 1978.—The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act the Deputy Director). consultation with’’; of 1978 is amended— (3) Section 24 (22 U.S.C. 2564; relating to (2) in section 38(a)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(2))— (1) in section 4, by striking paragraph (2); Assistant Directors). (A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘Di- (2) in section 102, by striking ‘‘the Sec- (4) Section 25 (22 U.S.C. 2565; relating to rector of the United States Arms Control retary of State, and the Director of the Arms bureaus, offices, and divisions). and Disarmament Agency, taking into ac- Control and Disarmament Agency’’ and in- (5) Section 50 (22 U.S.C 2593; relating to the count the Director’s’’ and inserting ‘‘Sec- serting ‘‘and the Secretary of State’’; and ACDA Inspector General). retary of State, taking into account the Sec- (3) in section 602(c), by striking ‘‘the Arms SEC. 244. TRANSFER OF AUTHORITIES AND FUNC- retary’s’’; and Control and Disarmament Agency,’’. TIONS UNDER THE ARMS CONTROL (B) in the second sentence, by striking (e) TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE.—Title 5, AND DISARMAMENT ACT TO THE ‘‘The Director of the Arms Control and Dis- United States Code, is amended— SECRETARY OF STATE. armament Agency is authorized, whenever (1) in section 5313, by striking ‘‘Director of (a) IN GENERAL.—The Arms Control and the Director’’ and inserting ‘‘The Secretary the United States Arms Control and Disar- Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2551 et seq.) is of State is authorized, whenever the Sec- mament Agency.’’; amended— retary’’; (2) in section 5314, by striking ‘‘Deputy Di- (1) by striking ‘‘Agency’’ each place it ap- (3) in section 42(a) (22 U.S.C. 2791(a))— rector of the United States Arms Control pears and inserting ‘‘Department’’; and (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘‘Direc- and Disarmament Agency.’’; and (2) by striking ‘‘Director’’ each place it ap- tor of the United States Arms Control and (3) in section 5315, by striking ‘‘Assistant pears and inserting ‘‘Secretary’’. Disarmament Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Sec- Directors, United States Arms Control and (b) PURPOSE.—Section 2 (22 U.S.C. 2551) is retary of State’’; and Disarmament Agency (4).’’. repealed. (B) in paragraph (2)— TITLE III—UNITED STATES INFORMATION (c) DEFINITIONS.—Section 3 (22 U.S.C. 2552) (i) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘Direc- AGENCY is amended by striking paragraph (c) and in- tor of the United States Arms Control and serting the following: CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Disarmament Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Sec- ‘‘(c) The term ‘Department’ means the De- SEC. 301. EFFECTIVE DATE. retary of State’’; and partment of State. (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in (ii) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘Di- ‘‘(d) The term ‘Secretary’ means the Sec- subsection (b), this title, and the amend- rector of the Arms Control and Disarmament retary of State.’’. ments made by this title, shall take effect— Agency is authorized, whenever the Direc- (d) SCIENTIFIC AND POLICY ADVISORY COM- (1) March 1, 1997; or tor’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State, MITTEE.—Section 26(b) (22 U.S.C. 2566(b)) is (2) on such earlier date as the President amended by striking ‘‘, the Secretary of whenever the Secretary’’; shall determine to be appropriate and an- State, and the Director’’ and inserting ‘‘and (4) in section 71(a) (22 U.S.C. 2797(a)), by nounce by notice published in the Federal the Secretary of State’’. striking ‘‘, the Director of the Arms Control Register, which date may be not earlier than and Disarmament Agency,’’ and inserting ‘‘, (e) PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL REPRESENTA- 60 calendar days (excluding any day on which Secretary of State,’’; TIVES.—Section 27 (22 U.S.C. 2567) is amended either House of Congress is not in session be- by striking ‘‘, acting through the Director’’. (5) in section 71(b)(1) (22 U.S.C. 2797(b)(1)), cause of an adjournment sine die) after the (f) PROGRAM FOR VISITING SCHOLARS.—Sec- by striking ‘‘Director of the United States President has submitted a reorganization tion 28 (22 U.S.C. 2568) is amended— Arms Control and Disarmament Agency’’ plan to the appropriate congressional com- (1) in the second sentence, by striking and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; mittees pursuant to section 321. ‘‘Agency’s activities’’ and inserting ‘‘Depart- (6) in section 71(b)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2797(b)(2))— (b) REORGANIZATION PLAN.—Section 321 ment’s arms control, nonproliferation, and (A) by striking ‘‘Director of the United shall take effect on the date of enactment of disarmament activities’’; and States Arms Control and Disarmament this Act. (2) in the fourth sentence, by striking ‘‘, Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF UNITED and all former Directors of the Agency’’. and STATES INFORMATION AGENCY AND (g) POLICY FORMULATION.—Section 33(a) (22 (B) by striking ‘‘, or the Director’’; TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- U.S.C. 2573(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘shall (7) in section 71(c) (22 U.S.C. 2797(c)), by RETARY OF STATE prepare for the President, the Secretary of striking ‘‘Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,’’ and in- SEC. 311. ABOLITION OF UNITED STATES INFOR- State,’’ and inserting ‘‘shall prepare for the MATION AGENCY. serting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; and President’’. The United States Information Agency is (8) in section 73(d) (22 U.S.C. 2797(d)), by (h) NEGOTIATION MANAGEMENT.—Section 34 abolished. (22 U.S.C. 2574) is amended— striking ‘‘Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency’’ and in- SEC. 312. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘the RETARY OF STATE. serting ‘‘Secretary of State’’. President and the Secretary of State’’ and There are transferred to the Secretary of (b) UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE inserting ‘‘the President’’; and State all functions of the Director of the ACT.—Section 1706(b) of the United States In- (2) by striking subsection (b). United States Information Agency and all stitute of Peace Act (22 U.S.C. 4605(b)) is (i) VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE.—Section functions of the United States Information amended— 37(d) (22 U.S.C. 2577(d)) is amended by strik- Agency and any officer or component of such (1) by striking out paragraph (3); ing ‘‘Director’s designee’’ and inserting agency under any statute, reorganization (2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) ‘‘Secretary’s designee’’. plan, Executive order, or other provision of as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and (j) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—Section 41 (22 law before the effective date of this title, ex- (3) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by U.S.C. 2581) is repealed. cept as otherwise provided in this title. (k) SECURITY REQUIREMENTS.—Section 45 paragraph (2)), by striking ‘‘Eleven’’ and in- (22 U.S.C. 2585) is amended by striking sub- serting ‘‘Twelve’’. CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DE- sections (a), (b), and (d). (c) THE ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954.—The PARTMENT OF STATE RELATING TO (l) USE OF FUNDS.—Section 48 (22 U.S.C. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 is amended— FUNCTIONS TRANSFERRED UNDER THIS 2588) is repealed. (1) in section 57 b. (42 U.S.C. 2077(b))— TITLE (m) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 51(a) (22 (A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘the SEC. 321. REORGANIZATION PLAN. U.S.C. 2593a(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,’’, (a) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—Not later than Secretary of State,’’. and March 1, 1996, the President, in consultation (n) REQUIREMENT FOR AUTHORIZATION OF (B) in the second sentence, by striking with the Secretary and the Director of the APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 53 (22 U.S.C. 2593c) ‘‘the Director of the Arms Control and Disar- United States Information Agency, shall is repealed. mament Agency,’’; and transmit to the appropriate congressional (o) ON-SITE INSPECTION AGENCY.—Section (2) in section 123 (42 U.S.C. 2153)— committees a reorganization plan providing 61 (22 U.S.C. 2595) is amended— (A) in subsection a. (in the text after para- for— (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘United graph (9)— (1) the abolition of the United States Infor- States Arms Control and Disarmament (i) by striking ‘‘and in consultation with mation Agency in accordance with this title; Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of the Director of the Arms Control and Disar- (2) the transfer to the Department of State State’’; and mament Agency (‘the Director’)’’, and of the functions and personnel of the United May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5415

States Information Agency consistent with (b) ASSISTANT SECRETARIES.— authorized to make such incidental disposi- the provisions of this title; and (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 1(c) of the tions of personnel, assets, liabilities, grants, (3) the consolidation, reorganization, and State Department Basic Authorities Act of contracts, property, records, and unexpended streamlining of the Department upon the 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(c)) is amended by adding balances of appropriations, authorizations, transfer of functions under this title in order after paragraph (2) the following: allocations, and other funds held, used, aris- to carry out such functions. ‘‘(3) ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR ACADEMIC ing from, available to, or to be made avail- (b) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan under sub- PROGRAMS AND CULTURAL EXCHANGES.—There able in connection with such functions, as section (a) shall— shall be in the Department of State an As- may be necessary to carry out the provisions (1) identify the functions of the United sistant Secretary for Academic Programs of this section. States Information Agency that will be and Cultural Exchanges who shall report to SEC. 343. AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 5. transferred to the Department under the the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy. Title 5, United States Code, is amended— plan; ‘‘(4) ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR INFORMA- (1) in section 5313, by striking ‘‘Director of (2) identify the personnel and positions of TION, POLICY, AND PROGRAMS.—There shall be the Agency (including civil service person- in the Department of State an Assistant Sec- the United States Information Agency.’’; nel, Foreign Service personnel, and retary for Information, Policy, and Pro- (2) in section 5315, by striking ‘‘Deputy Di- detailees) that will be transferred to the De- grams who shall report to the Under Sec- rector of the United States Information partment, separated from service with the retary for Public Diplomacy.’’. Agency.’’; and (3) in section 5316, by striking ‘‘Deputy Di- Agency, or be eliminated under the plan, and (2) TRANSITION PROVISION.—The President set forth a schedule for such transfers, sepa- may appoint such officials appointed by and rector, Policy and Plans, United States In- rations, and terminations; with the advice and consent of the Senate formation Agency.’’ and striking ‘‘Associate (3) identify the personnel and positions of and serving within the Department of State Director (Policy and Plans), United States the Department (including civil service per- or the United States Information Agency as Information Agency.’’. sonnel, Foreign Service personnel, and the President considers appropriate to serve SEC. 344. AMENDMENTS TO UNITED STATES IN- detailees) that will be transferred within the as the acting Assistant Secretary for Aca- FORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EX- Department, separated from service with the demic Programs and Cultural Exchanges and CHANGE ACT OF 1948. Department, or eliminated under the plan, to serve as the acting Assistant Secretary (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise pro- and set forth a schedule for such transfers, for Information, Policy, and Programs until vided in this section, the United States In- separations, and terminations; individuals are appointed to those offices in formation and Educational Exchange Act of (4) specify the consolidations and reorga- accordance with section 1(c)(1) of the State 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.) is amended— nization of functions of the Department that Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as (1) by striking ‘‘United States Information will be required under the plan in order to amended by this Act. Agency’’ each place it appears and inserting permit the Department to carry out the CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS ‘‘Department of State’’; functions transferred to the Department (2) by striking ‘‘Director of the United under the plan; SEC. 341. REFERENCES. States Information Agency’’ each place it (5) specify the funds available to the Unit- Any reference in any statute, reorganiza- appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; ed States Information Agency that will be tion plan, Executive order, regulation, agree- (3) by striking ‘‘Director’’ each place it ap- transferred to the Department as a result of ment, determination, or other official docu- pears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; the transfer of functions of the Agency to ment or proceeding to— (4) by striking ‘‘USIA’’ each place it ap- the Department; (1) the Director of the United States Infor- pears and inserting ‘‘Department of State’’; (6) specify the proposed allocations within mation Agency, the Director of the Inter- and the Department of unexpended funds trans- national Communication Agency, or any (5) by striking ‘‘Agency’’ each place it ap- ferred in connection with the transfer of other officer or employee of the United pears and inserting ‘‘Department of State’’. States Information Agency shall be deemed functions under the plan; and (b) SATELLITE AND TELEVISION BROAD- to refer to the Secretary of State; and (7) specify the proposed disposition of the CASTS.—Section 505 of the United States In- (2) the United States Information Agency, property, facilities, contracts, records, and formation and Educational Exchange Act of USIA, or the International Communication other assets and liabilities of the Agency in 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1464a) is amended— Agency shall be deemed to refer to the De- connection with the transfer of the functions (1) by striking ‘‘Director of the United partment of State. of the Agency to the Department. States Information Agency’’ each of the four (c) ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSITIONS.—The SEC. 342. ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR places it appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of plan under subsection (a) shall provide for an GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES State’’; appropriate number of Assistant Secretaries INFORMATION AGENCY AND TRANS- FER OF FUNCTIONS TO OFFICE OF (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘To be ef- of State to carry out the functions trans- INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DE- fective, the United States Information Agen- ferred to the Department under this title. PARTMENT OF STATE. cy’’ and inserting ‘‘To be effective in carry- SEC. 322. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. (a) ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GEN- ing out this subsection, the Department of (a) UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR PUBLIC ERAL OF THE USIA.— State’’; DIPLOMACY.— (1) The Office of Inspector General of the (3) by striking ‘‘USIA–TV’’ each place it (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 1(b) of the United States Information Agency is abol- appears and inserting ‘‘DEPARTMENT OF State Department Basic Authorities Act of ished. STATE–TV’’; and 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(b) is amended— (2) Section 11 of the Inspector General Act (4) by striking subsection (e). (A) by striking ‘‘There’’ and inserting the of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended— (c) UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION following: (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘, the Of- ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY.—Section 604 of the ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There’’; and fice of Personnel Management or the United United States Information and Educational (B) by adding at the end the following: States Information Agency’’ and inserting Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1469) is ‘‘(2) UNDER SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC DIPLO- ‘‘or the Office of Personnel Management’’; amended— MACY.—There shall be in the Department of and (1) in subsection (c)(1)— State an Under Secretary for Public Diplo- (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ‘‘the Unit- (A) by striking ‘‘the Director of the United macy who shall have responsibility to assist ed States Information Agency,’’. States Information Agency,’’; and the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary in (3) Section 5315 of title 5, United States (B) by striking ‘‘Director or the Agency, the formation and implementation of United Code, is amended by striking the following: and shall appraise the effectiveness of poli- States public diplomacy policies and activi- ‘‘Inspector General, United States Infor- cies and programs of the Agency’’ and insert- ties, including international educational and mation Agency.’’. ing ‘‘Secretary of State or the Department of cultural exchange programs, information, (b) FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GEN- State, and shall appraise the effectiveness of and international broadcasting.’’. ERAL OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION the information, educational, and cultural (2) TRANSITION PROVISION.—The President AGENCY TRANSFERRED TO OFFICE OF INSPEC- policies and programs of the Department’’; may appoint the individual serving as Direc- TOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF (2) in subsection (c)(2)— tor of the United States Information Agency STATE.—There are transferred to the Office (A) in the first sentence by striking ‘‘the on the day before the effective date of this of the Inspector General of the Department Secretary of State, and the Director of the title, or such other official appointed by and of State the functions that the Office of In- United States Information Agency’’ and in- with the advice and consent of the Senate spector General of the United States Infor- serting ‘‘and the Secretary of State’’; and serving within the Department of State mation Agency exercised before the effective (B) in the second sentence by striking ‘‘by or the United States Information Agency as date of this title (including all related func- the Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘by the Depart- the President considers appropriate, to serve tions of the Inspector General of the United ment of State’’; and as the acting Under Secretary for Public Di- States Information Agency). (C) by striking ‘‘Director for effectuating plomacy until an individual is appointed to (c) TRANSFER AND ALLOCATIONS OF APPRO- the purposes of the Agency’’ and inserting that office in accordance with section PRIATIONS AND PERSONNEL.—The Director of ‘‘Secretary for effectuating the information, (1)(b)(1) of the State Department Basic Au- the Office of Management and Budget, in educational, and cultural functions of the thorities Act of 1956, as amended by this Act. consultation with the Secretary of State, is Department’’; H 5416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 (3) in subsection (c)(3), by striking ‘‘pro- (A) in the subsection heading, by striking SEC. 349. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOC- grams conducted by the Agency’’ and insert- ‘‘USIA’’ and inserting ‘‘DEPARTMENT OF RACY. ing ‘‘information, educational, and cultural STATE’’, (a) GRANTS.—Section 503 of Public Law 98– programs conducted by the Department of (B) by striking ‘‘Agency facilities’’ and in- 164, as amended (22 U.S.C. 4412) is amended— State’’; and serting ‘‘Department facilities’’; and (1) in subsection (a)— (4) in subsection (c)(4), by striking ‘‘Direc- (C) by striking ‘‘United States Information (A) by striking ‘‘Director of the United tor of the United States Information Agen- Agency Television Service’’ and inserting States Information Agency’’ and inserting cy’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’. ‘‘Department of State Television Service’’; ‘‘Secretary of State’’; (B) by striking ‘‘the Agency’’ and inserting SEC. 345. AMENDMENTS TO THE MUTUAL EDU- and CATIONAL AND CULTURAL EX- (3) in subsection (c)— ‘‘the Department of State’’; and CHANGE ACT OF 1961 (FULBRIGHT- (A) by striking ‘‘USIA AUTHORITY.—The (C) by striking ‘‘the Director’’ and insert- HAYS ACT). Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘SECRETARY OF STATE ing ‘‘the Secretary of State’’; and (a) IN GENERAL.—The Mutual Educational AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of State’’; and (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘United and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. (B) by striking ‘‘Agency’’ the second place States Information Agency’’ and inserting 2451 et seq.) is amended by striking ‘‘Direc- it appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of ‘‘Department of State’’. (b) AUDITS.—Section 504(g) of such Act (22 tor of the International Communication State’’. U.S.C. 4413(g)) is amended by striking ‘‘Unit- Agency’’ and ‘‘Director’’ each place either (c) ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT ed States Information Agency’’ and inserting term appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of AGENCIES.—Section 246 of such Act (22 U.S.C. ‘‘Department of State’’. State’’. 1465dd) is amended— (c) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION.—Section 506 (b) REPEAL OF DEFUNCT ADVISORY COMMIS- (1) by striking ‘‘United States Information of such Act (22 U.S.C. 4415) is amended— SIONS.—Section 106 of such Act (22 U.S.C. Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of (1) in subsection (b)— 2456) is amended by striking subsection (c). State’’; and (A) by striking ‘‘Director’’ each of the (c) BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL (2) by striking ‘‘the Agency’’ and inserting three places it appears and inserting ‘‘Sec- AFFAIRS.—Section 112 of the Mutual Edu- ‘‘the Department’’. retary’’; and cational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— (B) by striking ‘‘of the United States Infor- (22 U.S.C. 2460) is amended— Section 247(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C. mation Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘of State’’; (1) by striking the first sentence of sub- 1465ee(a)) is repealed. and section (a); SEC. 348. RADIO BROADCASTING TO CUBA. (2) in subsection (c)— (2) by striking ‘‘Bureau’’ each place it ap- (a) FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF (A) in the subsection heading by striking pears and inserting ‘‘Department of State’’; STATE.—Section 3 of the Radio Broadcasting ‘‘USIA’’ and inserting ‘‘DEPARTMENT OF and to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465a) is amended— STATE’’; (3) by striking subsection (e). (1) in the section heading, by striking (B) by striking ‘‘Director’’ each of the SEC. 346. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING AC- ‘‘UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY’’ and three places it appears and inserting ‘‘Sec- TIVITIES. inserting ‘‘DEPARTMENT OF STATE’’; retary’’; (a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Foreign (2) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘United (C) by striking ‘‘of the United States Infor- Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years States Information Agency (hereafter in this mation Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘of State’’; 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amend- Act referred to as the ‘Agency’)’’ and insert- and ed— ing ‘‘Department of State (hereafter in this (D) by striking ‘‘United States Information (1) in section 305(b)(1), by striking ‘‘Agen- Act referred to as the ‘Department’)’’; and Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of cy’s’’ and inserting ‘‘Department’s’’; (3) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘Director State’’. (2) in section 306, by striking ‘‘, acting of the United States Information Agency’’ SEC. 350. UNITED STATES SCHOLARSHIP PRO- through the Director of the United States In- and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’. GRAM FOR DEVELOPING COUN- formation Agency,’’ and inserting ‘‘, acting (b) CUBA SERVICE.—Section 4 of such Act TRIES. through the Under Secretary of State for (22 U.S.C. 1465b) is amended— (a) PROGRAM AUTHORITY.—Section 603 of Public Diplomacy,’’; (1) by amending the first sentence to read the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, (3) by striking ‘‘Director of the United as follows: ‘‘The Secretary of State shall ad- Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (22 U.S.C. 4703) is States Information Agency’’ each place it minister within the Voice of America the amended by striking ‘‘United States Infor- appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; Cuba Service (hereafter in this section re- mation Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department (4) by striking all references to ‘‘United ferred to as the ‘Service’).’’; and of State’’. (b) GUIDELINES.—Section 604(11) of such States Information Agency’’ that were not (2) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘Di- Act (22 U.S.C. 4704(11)) is amended by strik- stricken in paragraph (3) and inserting ‘‘De- rector of the United States Information ing ‘‘United States Information Agency’’ and partment of State’’; Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’. (5) by striking ‘‘Bureau’’ each place it ap- inserting ‘‘Department of State’’. (c) ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT (c) POLICY REGARDING OTHER INTER- pears and inserting ‘‘Office’’; and AGENCIES.—Section 6 of such Act (22 U.S.C. (6) in section 305(a)(1), by striking ‘‘title,’’ NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS.—Section 1465d) is amended— 606(b) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 4706(b)) is and inserting ‘‘title (including activities of (1) in subsection (a)— amended— the Voice of America previously carried out (A) by striking ‘‘United States Information (1) in the subsection heading, by striking by the United States Information Agency),’’. Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of ‘‘USIA’’ and inserting ‘‘STATE DEPARTMENT’’; (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO TITLE 5.— State’’; and and Section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, is (B) by striking ‘‘the Agency’’ and inserting (2) by striking ‘‘Director of United States amended by striking ‘‘Director of the Inter- ‘‘the Department’’; and Information Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Sec- national Broadcasting Bureau, the United (2) in subsection (b)— retary of State’’. States Information Agency’’ and inserting (A) by striking ‘‘The Agency’’ and insert- (d) GENERAL AUTHORITIES.—Section 609(e) ‘‘Director of the International Broadcasting ing ‘‘The Department’’; and of such Act (22 U.S.C. 4709(e)) is amended by Office, the Department of State’’. (B) by striking ‘‘the Agency’’ and inserting striking ‘‘United States Information Agen- SEC. 347. TELEVISION BROADCASTING TO CUBA. ‘‘the Secretary of State’’. cy’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of State’’. (a) AUTHORITY.—Section 243(a) of the Tele- (d) FACILITY COMPENSATION.—Section 7 of SEC. 351. FASCELL FELLOWSHIP BOARD. vision Broadcasting to Cuba Act (as con- such Act (22 U.S.C. 1465e) is amended— Section 1003(b) of the Fascell Fellowship tained in part D of title II of Public Law 101– (1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘the Act (22 U.S.C. 4902(b)) is amended— 246) (22 U.S.C. 1465bb(a)) is amended by strik- Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘the Department’’; (1) in the text above paragraph (1), by ing ‘‘United States Information Agency and striking ‘‘9 members’’ and inserting ‘‘8 mem- (hereafter in this part referred to as the (2) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘Agency’’ bers’’; ‘Agency’)’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of and inserting ‘‘Department’’. (2) by striking paragraph (3); and State (hereafter in this part referred to as (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— (3) by redesignating paragraph (4) as para- the ‘Department’)’’. Section 8 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 1465f) is graph (3). (b) TELEVISION MARTI SERVICE.—Section amended— SEC. 352. NATIONAL SECURITY EDUCATION 244 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 1465cc) is amend- (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and BOARD. ed— inserting the following: Section 803 of the Intelligence Authoriza- (1) in subsection (a)— ‘‘(a) The amount obligated by the Depart- tion Act, Fiscal Year 1992 (50 U.S.C. 1903(b)) (A) by amending the first sentence to read ment of State each fiscal year to carry out is amended— as follows: ‘‘The Secretary of State shall ad- this Act shall be sufficient to maintain (1) in subsection (b)— minister within the Voice of America the broadcasts to Cuba under this Act at rates (A) by striking paragraph (6); and Television Marti Service.’’; and no less than the fiscal year 1985 level of obli- (B) by redesignating paragraphs (7) and (8) (B) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘Di- gations by the former United States Infor- as paragraphs (6) and (7); and rector of the United States Information mation Agency for such broadcasts.’’; and (2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘sub- Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub- section (b)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (2) in subsection (b)— section (b). (b)(6)’’. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5417 SEC. 353. CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECH- SEC. 358. BAN ON DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES. (2) by striking subsection (d). NICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Au- SEC. 368. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVENTION ON NORTH AND SOUTH. thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 CULTURAL PROPERTY. Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Au- (22 U.S.C. 1461–1a) is amended— Title III of the Convention on Cultural thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (1) by striking out ‘‘United States Informa- Property Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 2601 (22 U.S.C. 2075) is amended by striking ‘‘Di- tion Agency’’ each of the two places it ap- et seq.) is amended by striking ‘‘Director of rector of the United States Information pears and inserting ‘‘Department of State’’; the United States Information Agency’’ each Agency’’ each place it appears and inserting and place it appears and inserting ‘‘Secretary of ‘‘Secretary of State’’. (2) by inserting ‘‘in carrying out its inter- State’’. SEC. 354. EAST-WEST CENTER. national information, educational, and cul- SEC. 369. MIKE MANSFIELD FELLOWSHIPS. (a) DUTIES.—Section 703 of the Mutual Se- tural activities’’ before ‘‘shall be distrib- Section 252(a) of the Foreign Relations Au- curity Act of 1960 (22 U.S.C. 2055) is amend- uted’’. thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 ed— SEC. 359. CONFORMING REPEAL TO THE ARMS (22 U.S.C. 6101(a)) is amended by striking (1) in the text above paragraph (1), by CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT ACT. ‘‘Director of the United States Information striking ‘‘Director of the United States In- Section 34(b) of the Arms Control and Dis- Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’. armament Act (22 U.S.C. 2574(b)) is repealed. formation Agency (hereinafter referred to as TITLE IV—AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL the ‘Director’)’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of SEC. 360. REPEAL RELATING TO PROCUREMENT DEVELOPMENT State (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Sec- OF LEGAL SERVICES. retary’)’’; and Section 26(b) of the State Department CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘establish- Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. SEC. 401. EFFECTIVE DATE. ment and’’. 2698(b)) is repealed. (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in (b) ADMINISTRATION.—Section 704 of such SEC. 361. REPEAL RELATING TO PAYMENT OF subsection (b), this title, and the amend- Act (22 U.S.C. 2056) is amended— SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES. ments made by this title, shall take effect— (1) by striking ‘‘Director of the United Section 32 of the State Department Basic (1) on March 1, 1997; or States Information Agency’’ and inserting Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2704) is (2) on such earlier date as the President ‘‘Secretary of State’’; and amended by striking the second sentence. shall determine to be appropriate and an- nounce by notice published in the Federal (2) by striking ‘‘Director’’ each place it ap- SEC. 362. CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO THE pears and inserting ‘‘Secretary’’. SEED ACT. Register, which date may be not earlier than 60 calendar days (excluding any day on which SEC. 355. MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF Section 2(c) of the Support for East Euro- STATE. pean Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 either House of Congress is not in session be- Section 202 of the Foreign Relations Au- U.S.C. 5401(c)) is amended in paragraph (17) cause of an adjournment sine die) after the thorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979 (22 U.S.C. by striking ‘‘United States Information President has submitted a reorganization 1461–1) is amended— Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of plan to the appropriate congressional com- (1) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘mis- State’’. mittees pursuant to section 421. (b) REORGANIZATION PLAN.—Section 421 sion of the International Communication SEC. 363. INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL AND shall take effect on the date of enactment of Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘mission of the De- TRADE CENTER COMMISSION. this Act. partment of State in carrying out its infor- Section 7(c) of the Federal Triangle Devel- mation, educational, and cultural func- opment Act (40 U.S.C. 1106(c)) is amended— SEC. 402. REFERENCES IN TITLE. tions’’; (1) in the text above subparagraph (A), by Except as specifically provided in this (2) in the second sentence, in the text striking ‘‘15 members’’ and inserting ‘‘14 title, whenever in this title an amendment above paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Inter- members’’; or repeal is expressed in terms of an amend- national Communication Agency’’ and in- (2) by striking subparagraph (F); and ment to, or repeal of, a provision, the ref- serting ‘‘Department of State’’; (3) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) erence shall be considered to be made to a (3) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ‘‘Agen- through (J) as subparagraphs (F) through (I), provision of the Foreign Assistance Act of cy’’ and inserting ‘‘Department’’; and respectively. 1961. (4) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘mission of SEC. 364. FOREIGN SERVICE ACT OF 1980. CHAPTER 2—ABOLITION OF THE AGENCY the Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘mission de- (a) OTHER AGENCIES UTILIZING SERVICE.— FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT scribed in this section’’. Section 202(a) of the Foreign Service Act of AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- SEC. 356. CONSOLIDATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3922(a)) is amended by striking RETARY OF STATE SERVICES. paragraph (1). SEC. 411. ABOLITION OF AGENCY FOR INTER- Section 23(a) of the State Department (b) BOARD OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE.—Sec- NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. tion 210 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 3930) is amend- INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CO- 2695(a)) is amended— ed by striking ‘‘the United States Informa- OPERATION AGENCY. (1) by striking ‘‘(including’’ and all that tion Agency, the United States International The Agency for International Development follows through ‘‘Agency)’’; and Development Cooperation Agency,’’. and the International Development Coopera- tion Agency are abolished. (2) by striking ‘‘other such agencies’’ and SEC. 365. AU PAIR PROGRAMS. inserting ‘‘other Federal agencies’’. Section 8 of the Eisenhower Exchange Fel- SEC. 412. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- RETARY OF STATE. SEC. 357. GRANTS. lowship Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–454) is There are transferred to the Secretary of amended by striking ‘‘Director of the United Section 212 of the Foreign Relations Au- State all functions of the Administrator of States Information Agency’’ and inserting thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 the Agency for International Development ‘‘Secretary of State’’. (22 U.S.C. 1475h) is amended— and the Director of the International Devel- (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘United SEC. 366. EXCHANGE PROGRAM WITH COUNTRIES opment Cooperation Agency and all func- States Information Agency’’ and inserting IN TRANSITION FROM TOTALI- TARIANISM TO DEMOCRACY. tions of the Agency for International Devel- ‘‘Department of State, in carrying out its opment and the International Development Section 602 of the National and Commu- international information, educational, and Cooperation Agency and any officer or com- nity Service Act of 1990 (22 U.S.C. 2452a) is cultural functions,’’; ponent of such agencies under any statute, amended— (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘United reorganization plan, Executive order, or (1) in the second sentence of subsection (a), States Information Agency’’ and inserting other provision of law before the effective by striking ‘‘United States Information ‘‘Department of State’’; date of this title, except as otherwise pro- Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of (3) in subsection (c)— vided in this title. (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘United State’’; and States Information Agency shall substan- (2) in subsection (b)— CHAPTER 3—REORGANIZATION OF DE- tially comply with United States Informa- (A) by striking ‘‘appropriations account of PARTMENT OF STATE RELATING TO tion Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of the United States Information Agency’’ and FUNCTIONS TRANSFERRED UNDER THIS State, in carrying out its international in- inserting ‘‘appropriate appropriations ac- TITLE formation, educational, and cultural func- count of the Department of State’’; and SEC. 421. REORGANIZATION PLAN. tions, shall substantially comply with De- (B) by striking ‘‘and the United States In- (a) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—Not later than partment of State’’; and formation Agency’’. March 1, 1996, the President, in consultation (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3)— SEC. 367. EDMUND S. MUSKIE FELLOWSHIP PRO- with the Secretary and the Administrator of (i) by striking ‘‘United States Information GRAM. the Agency for International Development, Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of Section 227 of the Foreign Relations Au- shall transmit to the appropriate congres- State’’; and thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 sional committees a reorganization plan pro- (ii) by striking ‘‘Agency’’ each of the (22 U.S.C. 2452 note) is amended— viding for— places it appears and inserting ‘‘Depart- (1) by striking ‘‘United States Information (1) the abolition of the Agency for Inter- ment’’; and Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of national Development in accordance with (4) by striking subsection (d). State’’; and this title; H 5418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

(2) the transfer to the Department of State CHAPTER 4—CONFORMING AMENDMENTS (c) FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE OF CHIEF FINAN- of the functions and personnel of the Agency SEC. 441. REFERENCES. CIAL OFFICER OF THE AGENCY FOR INTER- for International Development consistent Any reference in any statute, reorganiza- NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRANSFERRED TO OF- with the provisions of this title; and tion plan, Executive order, regulation, agree- FICE OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF THE DE- (3) the consolidation, reorganization, and ment, determination, or other official docu- PARTMENT OF STATE.—There are transferred streamlining of the Department upon the ment or proceeding to— to the Office of Chief Financial Officer of the transfer of functions under this title in order (1) the Administrator of the Agency for Department of State the functions that the to carry out such functions. International Development, or any other of- Office of Chief Financial Officer of the Agen- (b) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan under sub- ficer or employee of the Agency for Inter- cy for International Development exercised section (a) shall— national Development shall be deemed to before the effective date of this title (includ- (1) identify the functions of the Agency for refer to the Secretary of State; ing all related functions of the Chief Finan- International Development that will be (2) the Director or any other officer or em- cial Officer of the Agency for International transferred to the Department under the ployee of the International Development Co- Development). plan; operation Agency (IDCA) shall be deemed to (d) TRANSFER AND ALLOCATIONS OF APPRO- (2) identify the personnel and positions of PRIATIONS AND PERSONNEL.—The Director of the Agency (including civil service person- refer to the Secretary of State; or (3) the Agency for International Develop- the Office of Management and Budget, in nel, Foreign Service personnel, and consultation with the Secretary of State, is detailees) that will be transferred to the De- ment, AID, the agency primarily responsible for administering part I of the Foreign As- authorized to make such incidental disposi- partment, separated from service with the tions of personnel, assets, liabilities, grants, Agency, or be eliminated under the plan, and sistance Act of 1961, or the International De- velopment Cooperation Agency (IDCA) shall contracts, property, records, and unexpended set forth a schedule for such transfers, sepa- balances of appropriations, authorizations, rations, and terminations; be deemed to refer to the Department of State. allocations, and other funds held, used, aris- (3) identify the personnel and positions of ing from, available to, or to be made avail- the Department (including civil service per- SEC. 442. ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE AGENCY FOR able in connection with such functions, as sonnel, Foreign Service personnel, and may be necessary to carry out the provisions detailees) that will be transferred within the INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO of this section. Department, separated from service with the OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF SEC. 444. AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 5, UNITED Department, or eliminated under the plan, THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE. STATES CODE. and set forth a schedule for such transfers, (a) ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GEN- Title 5, United States Code, is amended— separations, and terminations; ERAL OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DE- (1) in section 5313, by striking ‘‘Adminis- (4) specify the consolidations and reorga- VELOPMENT.—The Office of Inspector General trator, Agency for International Develop- nization of functions of the Department that of the Agency for International Development ment.’’; will be required under the plan in order to is abolished. (2) in section 5314, by striking ‘‘Deputy Ad- permit the Department to carry out the (b) AMENDMENTS TO THE INSPECTOR GEN- ministrator, Agency for International Devel- functions transferred to the Department ERAL ACT OF 1978.—The Inspector General opment.’’; under the plan; Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended as fol- (3) in section 5315— (5) specify the funds available to the Agen- lows: (A) by striking ‘‘Assistant Administrators, cy for International Development that will (1) Section 8A is repealed. Agency for International Development (6).’’; be transferred to the Department under this (2) Section 11(1) is amended by striking and title as a result of the transfer of functions ‘‘the Administrator of the Agency for Inter- (B) by striking ‘‘Regional Assistant Ad- of the Agency to the Department; national Development,’’. ministrators, Agency for International De- (6) specify the proposed allocations within (3) Section 11(2) is amended by striking velopment (4).’’; and the Department of unexpended funds trans- ‘‘the Agency for International Develop- (4) in section 5316 by striking ‘‘General ferred in connection with the transfer of ment,’’. Counsel of the Agency for International De- functions under the plan; and (c) AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 5, UNITED STATES velopment.’’. (7) specify the proposed disposition of the CODE.—Section 5315 of title 5, United States property, facilities, contracts, records, and SEC. 445. PUBLIC LAW 480 PROGRAM. Code, is amended by striking the following: The Agricultural Trade Development and other assets and liabilities of the Agency in ‘‘Inspector General, Agency for International Assistance Act of 1954 (Public Law 83–480; 7 connection with the transfer of the functions Development.’’. U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is amended by striking of the Agency to the Department. (d) FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GEN- (c) ASSISTANT SECRETARY POSITIONS.—The ‘‘Administrator’’ each place it appears and ERAL OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DE- plan under subsection (a) shall provide for an inserting ‘‘Under Secretary of State for De- VELOPMENT TRANSFERRED TO OFFICE OF IN- appropriate number of Assistant Secretaries velopment and Economic Affairs’’. SPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF of State to carry out the functions trans- TITLE V—TRANSITION STATE.—There are transferred to the Office ferred to the Department under this title. of Inspector General of the Department of SEC. 501. REORGANIZATION AUTHORITY. SEC. 422. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. State the functions that the Office of Inspec- (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is author- (a) UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEVEL- tor General of the Agency for International ized, subject to the requirements of this divi- OPMENT AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS.— Development exercised before the effective sion, to allocate or reallocate any function (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 1(b) of the date of this title (including all related func- transferred to the Department under any State Department Basic Authorities Act of tions of the Inspector General of the Agency title of this division among the officers of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(b)) is amended by adding for International Development). the Department, and to establish, consoli- date, alter, or discontinue such organiza- after paragraph (2) the following new para- (e) TRANSFER AND ALLOCATIONS OF APPRO- tional entities within the Department as graph: PRIATIONS AND PERSONNEL.—The Inspector ‘‘(3) UNDER SECRETARY FOR DEVELOPMENT General of the Department of State, is au- may be necessary or appropriate to carry out AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS.—There shall be in the thorized to make such incidental disposi- any reorganization under this division, but Department of State an Under Secretary for tions of personnel, assets, liabilities, grants, the authority of the Secretary under this Development and Economic Affairs who contracts, property, records, and unexpended section does not extend to— shall assist the Secretary and the Deputy balances of appropriations, authorizations, (1) the abolition of organizational entities Secretary in the formation and implementa- allocations, and other funds held, used, aris- or officers established by this Act or any tion of United States policies and activities ing from, available to, or to be made avail- other Act; or concerning international development and able in connection with such functions, as (2) the alteration of the delegation of func- economic affairs.’’. may be necessary to carry out the provisions tions to any specific organizational entity or (b) TRANSITION PROVISION.—The President of this section. officer required by this Act or any other Act. may appoint the individual serving as Ad- (b) REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS ON RE- SEC. 443. ABOLITION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFI- ministrator of the Agency for International ORGANIZATION PLANS.—A reorganization plan CER OF THE AGENCY FOR INTER- Development on the day before the effective NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND pursuant to any title of this division may date of this title, or such other official ap- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS TO CHIEF not have the effect of— pointed by and with the advice and consent FINANCIAL OFFICER DEPARTMENT (1) creating a new executive department; of the Senate and serving within the Depart- OF STATE. (2) continuing a function beyond the period ment of State or the Agency for Inter- (a) ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF CHIEF FINAN- authorized by law for its exercise or beyond national Development as the President con- CIAL OFFICER OF THE AGENCY FOR INTER- the time when it would have terminated if siders appropriate, to serve as the acting NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.—The Office of Chief the reorganization had not been made; Under Secretary for Development and Eco- Financial Officer of the Agency for Inter- (3) authorizing an agency to exercise a nomic Affairs until an individual is ap- national Development is abolished. function which is not authorized by law at pointed to that office in accordance with sec- (b) AMENDMENT TO TITLE 31, UNITED STATES the time the plan is transmitted to Congress; tion 1(b)(1) of the State Department Basic CODE.—Section 901(b)(2) of title 31, United (4) creating a new agency which is not a Authorities Act of 1956, as amended by this States Code, is amended by striking subpara- component or part of an existing executive Act. graph (A). department or independent agency; or May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5419 (5) increasing the term of an office beyond thereto) to the extent that such authority (4) Any law, Executive order, or regulation that provided by law for the office. relates to positions excepted from the com- which would disqualify an applicant for ap- SEC. 502. TRANSFER AND ALLOCATION OF AP- petitive service because of their confidential, pointment in the competitive service or in PROPRIATIONS AND PERSONNEL. policy-making, policy-determining, or pol- the excepted service concerned shall also dis- (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise pro- icy-advocating character, and noncareer po- qualify an applicant for appointment under vided in this Act, the personnel employed in sitions in the Senior Executive Service this subsection. connection with, and the assets, liabilities, (within the meaning of section 3132(a)(7) of SEC. 505. VOLUNTARY SEPARATION INCENTIVES. contracts, property, records, and unexpended title 5, United States Code). (a) AUTHORITY TO PAY INCENTIVES.—The balance of appropriations, authorizations, al- (d) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAMS.—(1) Any head of an agency referred to in subsection locations, and other funds employed, held, employee accepting employment with the (b) may pay voluntary incentive payments to used, arising from, available to, or to be Department of State as a result of a transfer employees of the agency in order to avoid or made available in connection with the func- pursuant to any title of this division may re- minimize the need for involuntary separa- tions and offices, or portions thereof trans- tain for 1 year after the date such transfer tions from the agency as a result of the abo- ferred by any title of this division, subject to occurs membership in any employee benefit lition of the agency and the reorganization section 1531 of title 31, United States Code, program of the former agency, including in- and consolidation of functions of the Depart- shall be transferred to the Secretary for ap- surance, to which such employee belongs on ment of State under any title of this divi- propriate allocation. the date of the enactment of this Act if— sion. (b) LIMITATION ON USE OF TRANSFERRED (A) the employee does not elect to give up (b) COVERED AGENCIES.—Subsection (a) ap- FUNDS.—Unexpended and unobligated funds the benefit or membership in the program; plies to the following agencies: transferred pursuant to any title of this divi- and (1) The Department of State. sion shall be used only for the purposes for (B) the benefit or program is continued by (2) The United States Arms Control and which the funds were originally authorized the Secretary of State. Disarmament Agency. and appropriated. (2) The difference in the costs between the (3) The United States Information Agency. (c) AUTHORIZED STRENGTH OF THE FOREIGN benefits which would have been provided by (4) The Agency for International Develop- SERVICE.—When an agency is abolished under such agency or entity and those provided by ment. (c) PAYMENT REQUIREMENTS.—The head of this division, the limitations for fiscal years this section shall be paid by the Secretary of an agency shall pay voluntary separation in- 1996 and 1997 under section 2351 of this Act on State. If any employee elects to give up centive payments in accordance with the the members of the Foreign Service author- membership in a health insurance program provisions of section 3 of the Federal ized to be employed by such agency shall be or the health insurance program is not con- Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 (Public added to the limitations under such section tinued by the Secretary of State, the em- Law 103–226; 108 Stat. 111), except that an which apply to the Department of State. ployee shall be permitted to select an alter- employee of the agency shall be deemed to SEC. 503. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS. nate Federal health insurance program with- be eligible for payment of a voluntary sepa- The Director of the Office of Management in 30 days of such election or notice, without ration incentive payment under that section and Budget, in consultation with the Sec- regard to any other regularly scheduled open if the employee separates from service with retary of State, is authorized to make such season. the agency during the period beginning on incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, (e) SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE.—Any em- the date of enactment of this Act and end- liabilities, grants, contracts, property, ployee in the career Senior Executive Serv- ing— records, and unexpended balances of appro- ice who is transferred pursuant to any title (1) in the case of an agency referred to in priations, authorizations, allocations, and of this division shall be placed in a position paragraph (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b), on other funds held, used, arising from, avail- at the Department of State which is com- the date of the abolition of that agency able to, or to be made available in connec- parable to the position the employee held in under this division; and tion with such functions, as may be nec- the agency. (2) in the case of the Department of State, essary to carry out the provisions of any (f) ASSIGNMENTS.—(1) Transferring employ- on September 30, 1997. title of this division. The Director of the Of- ees shall be provided reasonable notice of (d) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The au- fice of Management and Budget, in consulta- new positions and assignments prior to their thority of the head of an agency to authorize tion with the Secretary of State, shall pro- transfer pursuant to any title of this divi- payment of voluntary separation incentive vide for the termination of the affairs of all sion. payments under this section shall expire entities terminated by this division and for (2) Foreign Service personnel transferred on— such further measures and dispositions as to the Department of State pursuant to any (1) in the case of an agency referred to in may be necessary to effectuate the purposes title of this division shall be eligible for any paragraph (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b), on of any title of this division. assignment open to Foreign Service person- the date of the abolition of that agency SEC. 504. EFFECT ON PERSONNEL. nel within the Department for which such under this division; and (a) EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE POSITIONS.—Ex- transferred personnel are qualified. (3) in the case of the Department of State, cept as otherwise provided in this division, (g) TREATMENT OF PERSONNEL EMPLOYED IN September 30, 1997. any person who, on the day preceding the TERMINATED FUNCTIONS.—The provisions of (e) BUDGET ACT COMPLIANCE.—Any new date of the abolition of an agency the func- this subsection shall apply with respect to spending authority (within the meaning of tions of which are transferred under any officers and employees of the agencies iden- section 401 of the Congressional Budget Act title of this division, held a position com- tified in section 505(b) whose employment is of 1974) which is provided under this section pensated in accordance with the Executive terminated as a result of the abolition of the shall be effective for any fiscal year only to Schedule prescribed in chapter 53 of title 5, agency or the reorganization and consolida- the extent or in such amounts as are pro- United States Code, and who, without a tion of functions of the Department of State vided in advance in appropriations Acts. break in service, is appointed in the Depart- under any title of this division: (f) EFFECT OF SUBSEQUENT EMPLOYMENT ment to a position having duties comparable (1) Under such regulations as the Office of WITH THE GOVERNMENT.—An employee who to the duties performed immediately preced- Personnel Management may prescribe, the has received a voluntary separation incen- ing such appointment shall continue to be head of any agency in the executive branch tive payment under this section and accepts compensated in such new position at not less may appoint in the competitive service any employment with the Government of the than the rate provided for such previous po- person who is certified by the head of the United States within 5 years after the date sition, for the duration of the service of such former agency as having served satisfac- of the separation on which the payment is person in such new position. torily in the former agency and who passes based shall be required to repay the entire (b) TERMINATION OF CERTAIN POSITIONS.— such examination as the Office of Personnel amount of the incentive payment to the Positions whose incumbents are appointed Management may prescribe. Any person so agency that paid the incentive payment. by the President, by and with the advice and appointed shall, upon completion of the pre- (g) ADDITIONAL AGENCY CONTRIBUTIONS TO consent of the Senate, the functions of which scribed probationary period, acquire a com- THE RETIREMENT FUND.— are transferred by any title of this division, petitive status. (1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other shall terminate on the effective date of that (2) The head of any agency in the executive payments which it is required to make under title. branch having an established merit system subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of (c) EXCEPTED SERVICE.—(1) Subject to para- in the excepted service may appoint in such title 5, United States Code, in fiscal years graph (2), in the case of employees occupying service any person who is certified by the 1996, 1997, and 1998 each agency under sub- positions in the excepted service or the Sen- head of the former agency as having served section (b) of this section shall, before the ior Executive Service, any appointment au- satisfactorily in the former agency and who end of each such fiscal year, remit to the Of- thority established pursuant to law or regu- passes such examination as the head of such fice of Personnel Management for deposit in lations of the Office of Personnel Manage- agency in the executive branch may pre- the Treasury of the United States for credit ment for filling such positions shall be trans- scribe. of the Civil Service Retirement and Disabil- ferred. (3) Any appointment under this subsection ity Fund an amount equal to the product (2) The Department of State may decline a shall be made within a period of one year of— transfer of authority under paragraph (1) after completion of the appointee’s service in (A) the number of employees of such agen- (and the employees appointed pursuant the former agency. cy who, as of March 31st of such fiscal year, H 5420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 are subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or which any title of this division takes effect, (2) The term ‘‘ACDA’’ means the United chapter 84 of such title; multiplied by any department or agency, or officer thereof States Arms Control and Disarmament (B) $80. in the official capacity of such officer, is a Agency. (2) REGULATIONS.—The Director of the Of- party to a suit, and under this Act any func- (3) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional fice of Personnel Management may prescribe tion of such department, agency, or officer is committees’’ means the Committee on Inter- any regulations necessary to carry out this transferred to the Secretary or any other of- national Relations of the House of Rep- subsection. ficial of the Department, then such suit shall resentatives and the Committee of Foreign SEC. 506. SAVINGS PROVISIONS. be continued with the Secretary or other ap- Relations of the Senate. (a) CONTINUING LEGAL FORCE AND EFFECT.— propriate official of the Department sub- (4) The term ‘‘Department’’ means the De- All orders, determinations, rules, regula- stituted or added as a party. partment of State. tions, permits, agreements, grants, con- (f) REVIEWABILITY OF ORDERS AND ACTIONS (5) The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ has the tracts, certificates, licenses, registrations, UNDER TRANSFERRED FUNCTIONS.—Orders and meaning given to the term ‘‘agency’’ by sec- privileges, and other administrative ac- actions of the Secretary in the exercise of tion 551(1) of title 5, United States Code. tions— functions transferred under any title of this (6) The term ‘‘function’’ means any duty, (1) that have been issued, made, granted, or division shall be subject to judicial review to obligation, power, authority, responsibility, allowed to become effective by the Presi- the same extent and in the same manner as right, privilege, activity, or program. dent, any Federal agency or official thereof, if such orders and actions had been by the (7) The term ‘‘office’’ includes any office, or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in agency or office, or part thereof, exercising administration, agency, institute, unit, orga- the performance of functions that are trans- such functions immediately preceding their nizational entity, or component thereof. ferred under any title of this division; and transfer. Any statutory requirements relat- (8) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- (2) that are in effect at the time such title ing to notice, hearings, action upon the retary of State. takes effect, or were final before the effec- record, or administrative review that apply (9) The term ‘‘USIA’’ means the United tive date of such title and are to become ef- to any function transferred by any title of States Information Agency. fective on or after the effective date of such this division shall apply to the exercise of TITLE XXI—AUTHORIZATION OF APPRO- title, such function by the Secretary. PRIATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT OF shall continue in effect according to their SEC. 507. PROPERTY AND FACILITIES. STATE AND CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL terms until modified, terminated, super- The Secretary of State shall review the AFFAIRS FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES seded, set aside, or revoked in accordance property and facilities transferred to the De- CHAPER 1—AUTHORIZATIONS OF with law by the President, the Secretary, or partment under this division to determine APPROPRIATIONS other authorized official, a court of com- whether such property and facilities are re- SEC. 2101. ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN AF- petent jurisdiction, or by operation of law. quired by the Department. FAIRS. (b) PENDING PROCEEDINGS.—(1) The provi- SEC. 508. AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY TO FACILI- (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— sions of any title of this division shall not af- TATE TRANSITION. The following amounts are authorized to be fect any proceedings, including notices of Prior to, or after, any transfer of a func- appropriated for the Department of State proposed rulemaking, or any application for tion under any title of this division, the Sec- under ‘‘Administration of Foreign Affairs’’ any license, permit, certificate, or financial retary is authorized to utilize— to carry out the authorities, functions, du- assistance pending on the effective date of (1) the services of such officers, employees, ties, and responsibilities in the conduct of any title of this division before any depart- and other personnel of an agency with re- the foreign affairs of the United States and ment, agency, commission, or component spect to functions that will be or have been for other purposes authorized by law, includ- thereof, functions of which are transferred transferred to the Department by any title ing the diplomatic security program: by any title of this division. Such proceed- of this division; and (1) DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR PROGRAMS.— ings and applications, to the extent that (2) funds appropriated to such functions for (A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— they relate to functions so transferred, shall such period of time as may reasonably be For ‘‘Diplomatic and Consular Programs’’, of be continued. needed to facilitate the orderly implementa- the Department of State $1,728,797,000 for the (2) Orders shall be issued in such proceed- tion of any title of this division. fiscal year 1996 and $1,676,903,000 for the fiscal ings, appeals shall be taken therefrom, and SEC. 509. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL year 1997. payments shall be made pursuant to such or- CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. (B) LIMITATION.—Of the amounts author- ders, as if this Act had not been enacted. Or- The Congress urges the President, in con- ized to be appropriated by subparagraph (A), ders issued in any such proceedings shall sultation with the Secretary of State and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $5,000,000 for continue in effect until modified, termi- the heads of other appropriate agencies, to fiscal year 1997 are authorized to be appro- nated, superseded, or revoked by the Sec- develop and submit to the Congress rec- priated only for the purpose of processing retary, by a court of competent jurisdiction, ommendations for such additional technical immigrant visas for persons who are outside or by operation of law. and conforming amendments to the laws of (3) Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to their countries of nationality, have asserted the United States as may be appropriate to prohibit the discontinuance or modification a fear of returning to their countries of na- reflect the changes made by this division. of any such proceeding under the same terms tionality and a credible basis for such fear, and conditions and to the same extent that SEC. 510. FINAL REPORT. and for whom immigrant visas are currently such proceeding could have been discon- Not later than October 1, 1998, the Presi- available. tinued or modified if this Act had not been dent, in consultation with the Secretary of (2) SALARIES AND EXPENSES.— enacted. the Treasury and the Director of the Office (A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— (4) The Secretary is authorized to promul- of Management and Budget shall submit to For ‘‘Salaries and Expenses’’, of the Depart- gate regulations providing for the orderly the appropriate congressional committees a ment of State $366,276,000 for the fiscal year transfer of proceedings continued under this report which provides a final accounting of 1996 and $355,287,000 for the fiscal year 1997. subsection to the Department. the finances and operations of the United (B) LIMITATION.—Of the amounts author- (c) NO EFFECT ON JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.— States Arms Control and Disarmament ized to be appropriated by subparagraph (A), Except as provided in subsection (e)— Agency, the United States Information $11,900,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $11,900,000 (1) the provisions of this Act shall not af- Agency, and the Agency for International for fiscal year 1997 are authorized to be ap- fect suits commenced prior to the effective Development. propriated only for salaries and expenses of date of this Act, and SEC. 511. SEVERABILITY. the Bureau of Refugee and Migration Assist- (2) in all such suits, proceedings shall be If a provision of this division or its applica- ance. had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered tion to any person or circumstance is held (3) CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUND.—For ‘‘Cap- in the same manner and effect as if this Act invalid, neither the remainder of this divi- ital Investment Fund’’, of the Department of had not been enacted. sion nor the application of the provision to State $20,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and (d) NON-ABATEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS.—No other persons or circumstances shall be af- $20,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997. suit, action, or other proceeding commenced fected. (4) ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILD- by or against any officer in the official ca- DIVISION B—FOREIGN RELATIONS INGS ABROAD.—For ‘‘Acquisition and Mainte- pacity of such individual as an officer of any AUTHORIZATIONS nance of Buildings Abroad’’, $391,760,000 for department or agency, functions of which the fiscal year 1996 and $391,760,000 for the TITLE XX—GENERAL PROVISIONS are transferred by any title of this division, fiscal year 1997. shall abate by reason of the enactment of SEC. 2001. SHORT TITLE. (5) REPRESENTATION ALLOWANCES.—For this Act. No cause of action by or against This division may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign ‘‘Representation Allowances’’, $4,780,000 for any department or agency, functions of Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years the fiscal year 1996 and $4,780,000 for the fis- which are transferred by any title of this di- 1996 and 1997’’. cal year 1997. vision, or by or against any officer thereof in SEC. 2002. DEFINITIONS. (6) EMERGENCIES IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND the official capacity of such officer shall The following terms have the following CONSULAR SERVICE.—For ‘‘Emergencies in the abate by reason of the enactment of this Act. meaning for the purposes of this division: Diplomatic and Consular Service’’, $6,000,000 (e) CONTINUATION OF PROCEEDING WITH SUB- (1) The term ‘‘AID’’ means the Agency for for the fiscal 1996 and $6,000,000 for the fiscal STITUTION OF PARTIES.—If, before the date on International Development. year 1997. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5421

(7) OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL.—For (E) UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTARY FUND FOR Funds) shall be available for programs and ‘‘Office of the Inspector General’’, $23,469,000 VICTIMS OF TORTURE.—Of the amounts au- activities in or for Burma. for the fiscal year 1996 and $23,469,000 for the thorized to be appropriated under paragraph (II) Of the amount made available for Unit- fiscal year 1997. (1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $3,000,000 ed Nations Development Program (and Unit- (8) PAYMENT TO THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE IN for fiscal year 1997 are authorized to be ap- ed Nations Development Program—Adminis- TAIWAN.—For ‘‘Payment to the American In- propriated only for the United Nations Vol- tered Funds) for fiscal year 1996, $18,200,000 of stitute in Taiwan’’, $15,165,000 for the fiscal untary Fund for Victims of Torture. such amount shall be disbursed only if the year 1996 and $14,710,000 for the fiscal year (F) UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND.— President certifies to the Congress that the 1997. (i) Of the amounts authorized to be appro- United Nations Development Program has (9) PROTECTION OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND priated under paragraph (1) not more than terminated its activities in and for Burma. OFFICIALS.—For ‘‘Protection of Foreign Mis- $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 (III) Of the amount made available for sions and Officials’’, $9,579,000 for the fiscal and 1997 shall be available for the United Na- United Nations Development Program (and year 1996 and $9,579,000 for the fiscal year tions Population Fund (UNFPA). United Nations Development Program—Ad- 1997. (ii) Of the amount made available for the ministered Funds) for fiscal year 1997, (10) REPATRIATION LOANS.—For ‘‘Repatri- United Nations Population Fund under $25,480,000 shall be disbursed only if the ation Loans’’, $776,000 for the fiscal year 1996 clause (i)— President certifies to the Congress that the and $776,000 for the fiscal year 1997, for ad- (I) for fiscal year 1996, not more than 50 United Nations Development Program has ministrative expenses. percent of such amount may be disbursed to terminated its activities in and for Burma. SEC. 2102. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, the Fund before March 1, 1996; and (3) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts au- PROGRAMS, AND CONFERENCES. (II) for fiscal year 1997, not more than 50 thorized to be appropriated under paragraph (a) ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTER- percent of such amount may be disbursed to (1) are authorized to remain available until NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.—There are author- the Fund before March 1, 1997. expended. ized to be appropriated for ‘‘Contributions to (iii) Notwithstanding any other provision (c) ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR INTER- International Organizations’’, $873,505,000 for of law, none of the funds made available for NATIONAL PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES.— the fiscal year 1996 and $867,050,000 for the the United Nations Population Fund shall be (1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— fiscal year 1997 for the Department of State available for the United States proportionate There are authorized to be appropriated for to carry out the authorities, functions, du- share for activities in the People’s Republic ‘‘Contributions for International Peacekeep- ties, and responsibilities in the conduct of of China. ing Activities’’, $445,000,000 for the fiscal the foreign affairs of the United States with (iv)(I) Not later than February 15, 1996, and year 1996 and $345,000,000 for the fiscal year respect to international organizations and to February 15, 1997, the Secretary of State 1997 for the Department of State to carry out carry out other authorities in law consistent shall submit a report indicating the amount the authorities, functions, duties, and re- with such purposes. that the United Nations Population Fund is sponsibilities in the conduct of the foreign (b) VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTER- budgeting for activities in the People’s Re- affairs of the United States with respect to NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.— public of China for 1996 or 1997, as appro- international peacekeeping activities and to (1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— priate, to the Committee on International carry out other authorities in law consistent There are authorized to be appropriated for Relations and the Committee on Appropria- with such purposes. ‘‘Voluntary Contributions to International tions of the House of Representatives and (2) LIMITATION.—None of the funds author- Organizations’’, $309,375,000 for the fiscal the Committee on Foreign Relations and the ized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) year 1996 and $302,902,000 for the fiscal year Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. may be made available for contributions to 1997. (II) Before March 1, for each of the fiscal the United Nations Protection Force unless (2) LIMITATIONS.— years 1996 and 1997, if the United Nations the President determines and reports to the (A) UNICEF.— Population Fund is budgeting an amount in Congress during the calendar year in which (i) Of the amounts authorized to be appro- excess of $7,000,000 for activities in the Peo- the funds are to be provided that— priated under paragraph (1), $103,000,000 for ple’s Republic of China, a sum equal to the (A) the Government of Bosnia and fiscal year 1996 and $103,000,000 for fiscal year amount in excess of $7,000,000 shall be de- Herzegovina supports the continued presence 1997 is authorized to be appropriated only for ducted from amounts otherwise available for of the United Nations Protection Force with- the United Nations Children’s Fund payment to the United Nations Population in its territory; (UNICEF). Fund. (B) the United Nations Protection Force is (ii) For fiscal year 1996, not more than 25 (v) Amounts made available for the United effectively carrying out its mandate under percent of the amount under clause (i) may Nations Population Fund under clause (i) United Nations Security Council resolutions be made available to the United Nations may only be paid to the Fund if— 761, 776, 781, 786, and 836, and is effectively Children’s Fund (UNICEF) until 30 days after (I) the Fund maintains such amounts in a encouraging compliance with United Nations the submission to Congress of the report re- separate account from other funds; and Security Council resolutions 752, 757, 770, 771, quired by section 2523. (II) the Fund does not commingle amounts 787, 820, and 824. (B) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGEN- provided under clause (i) with other funds. (C) the United Nations Protection Force is CY.— (G) ORGANIZATION FOR AMERICAN STATES.— providing full cooperation and support con- (i) Of the amounts authorized to be appro- Of the amounts authorized to be appro- sistent with its mandate to the efforts of the priated under paragraph (1), $43,000,000 for priated under paragraph (1), $15,000,000 for United Nations War Crimes Tribunal for the each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 is author- fiscal year 1996 and $15,000,000 for fiscal year former Yugoslavia to investigate war crimes ized to be appropriated only for the Inter- 1997 are authorized to be appropriated only and to apprehend and prosecute suspected national Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). for the Organization for American States. war criminals; (ii) Amounts under clause (i) are author- (H) LIMITATION CONCERNING USE OF FUNDS (D) the United Nations Protection Force is ized to be made available to the Inter- UNDER SECTION 307 OF THE FOREIGN ASSIST- providing full cooperation and support con- national Atomic Energy Agency only if the ANCE ACT OF 1961.—Notwithstanding any sistent with its mandate to United States Secretary determines and reports to the ap- other provision of law or of this Act, none of diplomatic, military, and relief personnel in propriate congressional committees that Is- the funds authorized to be appropriated Bosnia; and rael is not being denied its right to partici- under paragraph (1) are authorized to be ap- (E) the United Nations Protection Force pate in the activities of the International propriated for the United States propor- has investigated and taken appropriate ac- Atomic Energy Agency. tionate share, in accordance with section tion against any United Nations Protection (C) WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER 307(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Force personnel or units suspected of partici- YUGOSLAVIA.—Of the amounts authorized to for any programs identified in section 307, or pating in illegal or improper activities, such be appropriated under paragraph (1), for Libya, Iran, or any Communist country as black marketeering, embezzlement, expro- $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $15,000,000 listed in section 620(f) of the Foreign Assist- priation of property, and assaults on civil- for fiscal year 1997, or 25 percent of the budg- ance Act of 1961. ians. et for the tribunal for each such fiscal year, (I) UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PRO- (d) PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS.—There are whichever amount is less, are authorized to GRAM.— authorized to be appropriated for ‘‘Peace- be made available for the United Nations (i) TOTAL LIMITATION.—Of the amounts au- keeping Operations’’, $68,260,000 for the fiscal Voluntary Fund for the United Nations thorized to be appropriated under paragraph year 1996 and $68,260,000 for the fiscal year International Criminal Tribunal for the (1), for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 1997 for the Department of State to carry out Former Yugoslavia, located at The Hague, not to exceed $70,000,000 shall be available for section 551 of Public Law 87–195. Netherlands. the United Nations Development Program. (e) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND CON- (D) WORLD FOOD PROGRAM.—Of the (ii) BURMA.— TINGENCIES.— amounts authorized to be appropriated under (I) Subject to subclauses (II) and (III), for (1) GENERAL PROVISION.—There are author- paragraph (1), $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 none of ized to be appropriated for ‘‘International and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 are author- the funds made available for United Nations Conferences and Contingencies’’, $5,000,000 ized to be appropriated only for the World Development Program (or United Nations for the fiscal year 1996 and $6,000,000 for the Food Program. Development Program—Administered fiscal year 1997 for the Department of State H 5422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 to carry out the authorities, functions, du- eign affairs of the United States and for gees, or been offered resettlement outside ties, and responsibilities in the conduct of other purposes authorized by law: their countries of nationality; and the foreign affairs of the United States with (1) INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER (3) the process referred to in paragraph (2) respect to international conferences and con- COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.—For is genuinely calculated to determine wheth- tingencies and to carry out other authorities ‘‘International Boundary and Water Commis- er each applicant is a refugee, and that the in law consistent with such purposes. sion, United States and Mexico’’— procedures, standards, and personnel em- (2) CONDITIONAL AUTHORITY.— (A) for ‘‘Salaries and Expenses’’ $13,858,000 ployed in such process ensure that the risk (A) Subject to subparagraph (B), in addi- for the fiscal year 1996 and $12,472,000 for the of return to persecution is no greater than in tion to such amounts as are authorized to be fiscal year 1997; and the process available under United States appropriated under paragraph (1), there is (B) for ‘‘Construction’’ $10,393,000 for the law to persons physically present in the authorized to be appropriated for ‘‘Inter- fiscal year 1996 and $9,353,000 for the fiscal United States. national Conferences and Contingencies’’, year 1997. (c) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Funds appro- $1,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 for the De- (2) INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSION, priated pursuant to subsection (a) are au- partment of State to carry out the authori- UNITED STATES AND CANADA.—For ‘‘Inter- thorized to be available until expended. ties, functions, duties, and responsibilities in national Boundary Commission, United (d) REFUGEE CAMP DEFINED.—For the pur- the conduct of the foreign affairs of the Unit- States and Canada’’, $740,000 for the fiscal poses of this section, the term ‘‘refugee ed States with respect to international con- year 1996 and $666,000 for the fiscal year 1997. camp’’ means any place in which people who ferences and contingencies and to carry out (3) INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION.—For left Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos are housed other authorities in law consistent with such ‘‘International Joint Commission’’, $3,500,000 or held by a government or international or- purposes. for the fiscal year 1996 and $3,195,000 for the ganization, regardless of the designation of (B) The authorization of appropriations fiscal year 1997. such place by such government or organiza- under subparagraph (A) shall take effect (4) INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMIS- tion. only after the Secretary of State certifies to SIONS.—For ‘‘International Fisheries Com- SEC. 2105. CERTAIN OTHER INTERNATIONAL AF- the appropriate congressional committees missions’’, $14,669,000 for the fiscal year 1996 FAIRS PROGRAMS. with respect to any United Nations Fourth and $13,202,000 for the fiscal year 1997. The following amounts are authorized to Conference on Women that is held in Beijing SEC. 2104. MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSIST- be appropriated for the Department of State that— ANCE. to carry out the authorities, functions, du- (i) no funds of the Department of State (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— ties, and responsibilities in the conduct of were expended for travel by any United (1) MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE.— the foreign affairs of the United States and States official or delegate to the Fourth (A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— for other purposes authorized by law: World Conference on Women, to be held in There are authorized to be appropriated for (1) ASIA FOUNDATION.—For ‘‘Asia Founda- Beijing, August and September 1995, or ‘‘Migration and Refugee Assistance’’ for au- tion’’, $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and (ii)(I) that the United States vigorously thorized activities, $560,000,000 for the fiscal $9,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997. urged the United Nations to grant accredita- year 1996 and $590,000,000 for the fiscal year SEC. 2106. UNITED STATES INFORMATIONAL, tion to a wide range of nongovernmental or- 1997. EDUCATIONAL, AND CULTURAL PRO- ganizations, including United States-based (B) LIMITATION.—None of the funds author- GRAMS. groups representing Taiwanese and Tibetan ized to be appropriated by this section are The following amounts are authorized to women, in accordance with relevant inter- authorized to be appropriated for salaries be appropriated to carry out international national standards and precedents; and administrative expenses of the Bureau of information activities and educational and (II) that the United States pressed the Migration and Refugee Assistance. cultural exchange programs under the Unit- Government of China to issue visas equitably (2) REFUGEES RESETTLING IN ISRAEL.—There ed States Information and Educational Ex- to representatives of accredited nongovern- are authorized to be appropriated $80,000,000 change Act of 1948, the Mutual Educational mental organizations; for the fiscal year 1996 and $80,000,000 for the and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, Reorga- (III) that the United States encouraged the fiscal year 1997 for assistance for refugees re- nization Plan Number 2 of 1977, the United Government of China and the United Nations settling in Israel from other countries. States International Broadcasting Act of to provide the accredited nongovernmental (3) HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FOR DIS- 1994, the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act, organizations with access to the main con- PLACED BURMESE.—There are authorized to the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the ference site that is substantially equivalent be appropriated $1,500,000 for the fiscal year Board for International Broadcasting Act, in manner and degree to access afforded at 1996 and $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1997 for the Inspector General Act of 1978, the North/ previous major United Nations conferences; humanitarian assistance, including but not South Center Act of 1991, the National En- (IV) that the United States delegation to limited to food, medicine, clothing, and med- dowment for Democracy Act, and to carry the Fourth World Conference on Women vig- ical and vocational training to persons dis- out other authorities in law consistent with orously and publicly supported access by rep- placed as a result of civil conflict in Burma, such purposes: resentatives of accredited nongovernmental including persons still within Burma. (1) SALARIES AND EXPENSES.—For ‘‘Salaries organizations to the conference, especially (4) RESETTLEMENT OF VIETNAMESE, LAO- and Expenses’’, $450,645,000 for the fiscal year with respect to United States nongovern- TIANS, AND CAMBODIANS.—There are author- 1996 and $428,080,000 for the fiscal year 1997. mental organizations; ized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for fiscal (2) TECHNOLOGY FUND.—For ‘‘Technology (V) that the United States delegation to year 1996 for the admission and resettlement Fund’’ for the United States Information the Fourth World Conference on Women vig- of persons who— Agency, $5,050,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and orously promoted universal respect for inter- (A) are or were nationals and residents of $5,050,000 for the fiscal year 1997. nationally recognized human rights, includ- Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia; (3) EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE ing the rights of women; and (B) are within a category of aliens referred PROGRAMS.— (VI) that, if the goals of subparagraphs (I), to in section 599D(b)(2)(C) of the Foreign Op- (A) FULBRIGHT ACADEMIC EXCHANGE PRO- (II), or (III) were not fully accomplished, the erations, Export Financing, and Related Pro- GRAMS.—For the ‘‘Fulbright Academic Ex- United States issued a formal, public, pro- grams Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law change Programs’’, $117,484,200 for the fiscal test to the United Nations for such a depar- 101–167); and year 1996 and $113,680,800 for the fiscal year ture from accepted international standards. (C) are or were at any time after January 1997. (f) FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES.— 1, 1989, residents of refugee camps in Hong (B) SOUTH PACIFIC EXCHANGES.—For the In addition to amounts otherwise authorized Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, or the ‘‘South Pacific Exchanges’’, $900,000 for the to be appropriated by subsections (a) and (b) Philippines. fiscal year 1996 and $900,000 for the fiscal of this section, there are authorized to be ap- (b) GENERAL LIMITATIONS.—None of the year 1997. propriated such sums as may be necessary funds authorized to be appropriated by sub- (C) EAST TIMORESE SCHOLARSHIPS.—For the for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to section (a) are authorized to be available for ‘‘East Timorese Scholarships’’, $800,000 for offset adverse fluctuations in foreign cur- any program or activity that provides for, the fiscal year 1996 and $800,000 for the fiscal rency exchange rates. Amounts appropriated promotes, or assists in the repatriation of year 1997. under this subsection shall be available for any person to Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia, (D) CAMBODIAN SCHOLARSHIPS.—For the obligation and expenditure only to the ex- unless the President has certified that— ‘‘Cambodian Scholarships’’, $141,000 for the tent that the Director of the Office of Man- (1) all persons described in subsection (a)(4) fiscal year 1996 and $141,000 for the fiscal agement and Budget determines and certifies who were residents of refugee camps as of year 1997. to Congress that such amounts are necessary July 1, 1995, have been offered resettlement (E) TIBETAN EXCHANGES.—For the ‘‘Edu- due to such fluctuations. outside their countries of nationality; cational and Cultural Exchanges with Tibet’’ SEC. 2103. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS. (2) all nationals of Vietnam, Laos, or Cam- under section 236 of the Foreign Relations The following amounts are authorized to bodia who were residents of refugee camps as Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 be appropriated under ‘‘International Com- of July 1, 1995, who are not persons described (Public Law 103–236), $500,000 for the fiscal missions’’ for the Department of State to in subsection (a)(4) have, at any time after year 1996 and $500,000 for the fiscal year 1997. carry out the authorities, functions, duties, such date, either had access to a process for (F) OTHER PROGRAMS.—For ‘‘Hubert H. and responsibilities in the conduct of the for- the determination of whether they are refu- Humphrey Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Edmund May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5423 S. Muskie Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Inter- ‘‘SEC. 36. DEPARTMENT OF STATE REWARDS PRO- from time to time such amounts as may be national Visitors Program’’, ‘‘Mike Mans- GRAM. necessary to carry out the purposes of this field Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Claude and Mil- ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—(1) There is estab- section, notwithstanding section 102 of the dred Pepper Scholarship Program of the lished a program for the payment of rewards Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Washington Workshops Foundation’’, ‘‘Citi- to carry out the purposes of this section. Years 1986 and 1987 (Public Law 99–93). zen Exchange Programs’’, ‘‘Congress-Bundes- ‘‘(2) The rewards program established by ‘‘(2) No amount of funds may be appro- tag Exchange Program’’, ‘‘Newly Independ- this section shall be administered by the priated which, when added to the amounts ent States and Eastern Europe Training’’, Secretary of State, in consultation, where previously appropriated but not yet obli- ‘‘Institute for Representative Government’’, appropriate, with the Attorney General. gated, would cause such amounts to exceed ‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—(1) The rewards program es- and ‘‘Arts America’’, $87,265,800 for the fiscal $15,000,000. tablished by this section shall be designed to year 1996 and $87,341,400 for the fiscal year ‘‘(3) To the maximum extent practicable, assist in the prevention of acts of inter- 1997. funds made available to carry out this sec- national terrorism, international narcotics (4) INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ACTIVI- tion should be distributed equally for the trafficking, and other related criminal acts. purpose of preventing acts of international TIES.— ‘‘(2) The Secretary of State may pay a re- terrorism and for the purpose of preventing (A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— ward to any individual who furnishes infor- For ‘‘International Broadcasting Activities’’, international narcotics trafficking. mation leading to— ‘‘(4) Amounts appropriated to carry out the $321,191,000 for the fiscal year 1996, and ‘‘(A) the arrest or conviction in any coun- $286,191,000 for the fiscal year 1997. purposes of this section shall remain avail- try of any individual for the commission of able until expended. (B) LIMITATION.—Of the amounts author- an act of international terrorism against a ized to be appropriated under subparagraph ‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL FUNDING.—(1) In extraor- United States person or United States prop- dinary circumstances and when it is impor- (A) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $3,000,000 erty; for fiscal year 1997 are authorized to be ap- tant to the national security of the United ‘‘(B) the arrest or conviction in any coun- States, the Secretary of State may use fees propriated only to carry out the Pilot try of any individual conspiring or attempt- Project for Freedom Broadcasting to Asia collected for processing machine readable ing to commit an act of international terror- nonimmigrant visas and machine readable authorized by section 2443. ism against a United States person or United (C) VOICE OF AMERICA FARSI SERVICE.—Of combined border crossing identification States property; cards and nonimmigrant visas pursuant to the amounts authorized to be appropriated ‘‘(C) the arrest or conviction in any coun- under subparagraph (A) $1,873,521 for the fis- section 140 of the Foreign Relations Author- try of any individual for committing, pri- ization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Pub- cal year 1996 and $1,873,521 for the fiscal year marily outside the territorial jurisdiction of 1997 are authorized to be appropriated only lic Law 103–236; 8 U.S.C. 1351 note) to carry the United States, any narcotics-related of- out the purposes of this section, subject to to carry out the Voice of America Farsi fense if that offense involves or is a signifi- Service. the limitation contained in subsection (d)(2). cant part of conduct that involves— ‘‘(2) The authority contained in paragraph (5) RADIO CONSTRUCTION.—For ‘‘Radio Con- ‘‘(i) a violation of United States narcotics struction’’, $75,164,000 for the fiscal year 1996, (1) may be used only if the Secretary notifies laws and which is such that the individual the appropriate congressional committees 15 and $67,647,000 for the fiscal year 1997. would be a major violator of such laws; or (6) RADIO FREE ASIA.—For ‘‘Radio Free days in advance in accordance with regular ‘‘(ii) the killing or kidnapping of— reprogramming procedures. Such notifica- Asia’’, $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and ‘‘(I) any officer, employee, or contract em- $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997. tion shall contain a detailed justification of ployee of the United States Government the circumstances necessitating the use of (7) BROADCASTING TO CUBA.—For ‘‘Broad- while such individual is engaged in official casting to Cuba’’, $24,809,000 for the fiscal such fees for the purposes of this section. duties, or on account of that individual’s of- ‘‘(f)— LIMITATION AND CERTIFICATION.—(1) A year 1996 and $24,809,000 for the fiscal year ficial duties, in connection with the enforce- 1997. reward under this section may not exceed ment of United States narcotics laws or the $2,000,000. (8) OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL.—For implementing of United States narcotics ‘‘Office of the Inspector General’’, $4,300,000 ‘‘(2) A reward under this section of more control objectives; or than $100,000 may not be made without the for the fiscal year 1996 and $3,870,000 for the ‘‘(II) a member of the immediate family of fiscal year 1997. approval of the President or the Secretary of any such individual on account of that indi- State. (9) CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL vidual’s official duties, in connection with ‘‘(3) Any reward granted under this section INTERCHANGE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST.—For the enforcement of United States narcotics shall be approved and certified for payment ‘‘Center for Cultural and Technical Inter- laws or the implementing of United States by the Secretary of State. change between East and West’’, $15,000,000 narcotics control objectives; or ‘‘(4) The authority of paragraph (2) may for the fiscal year 1996 and $10,000,000 for the ‘‘(iii) an attempt or conspiracy to commit not be delegated to any other officer or em- fiscal year 1997. any of the acts described in clause (i) or (ii); ployee of the United States Government. (10) NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOC- or ‘‘(5) If the Secretary determines that the RACY—For ‘‘National Endowment for Democ- ‘‘(D) the arrest or conviction in any coun- identity of the recipient of a reward or of the racy’’, $34,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and try of any individual aiding or abetting in members of the recipient’s immediate family $34,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997. the commission of an act described in sub- must be protected, the Secretary may take (11) CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL paragraphs (A) through (C); or such measures in connection with the pay- INTERCHANGE BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH.— ‘‘(E) the prevention, frustration, or favor- ment of the reward as he considers necessary For ‘‘Center for Cultural and Technical able resolution of an act described in sub- to effect such protection. Interchange between North and South’’ paragraphs (A) through (C). ‘‘(g) INELIGIBILITY.—An officer or employee $4,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and $3,000,000 ‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—(1) To ensure that the of any governmental entity who, while in the for the fiscal year 1997. payment of rewards pursuant to this section performance of his or her official duties, fur- SEC. 2107. UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND does not duplicate or interfere with the pay- nishes information described in subsection DISARMAMENT. ment of informants or the obtaining of evi- (b) shall not be eligible for a reward under dence or information, as authorized to the this section. There are authorized to be appropriated to Department of Justice, the offering, admin- ‘‘(h) REPORTS.—(1) Not later than 30 days carry out the purposes of the Arms Control istration, and payment of rewards under this after paying any reward under this section, and Disarmament Act— section, including procedures for— the Secretary of State shall submit a report (1) $44,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and ‘‘(A) identifying individuals, organizations, to the appropriate congressional committees $40,500,000 for the fiscal year 1997; and and offenses with respect to which rewards with respect to such reward. The report, (2) such sums as may be necessary for each will be offered; which may be submitted on a classified basis of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for increases ‘‘(B) the publication of rewards; if necessary, shall specify the amount of the in salary, pay, retirement, other employee ‘‘(C) offering of joint rewards with foreign reward paid, to whom the reward was paid, benefits authorized by law, and to offset ad- governments; and the acts with respect to which the re- verse fluctuations in foreign currency ex- ‘‘(D) the receipt and analysis of data; and ward was paid. The report shall also discuss change rates. ‘‘(E) the payment and approval of pay- the significance of the information for which TITLE XXII—DEPARTMENT OF STATE ment, the reward was paid in dealing with those AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVITIES shall be governed by procedures developed by acts. the Secretary of State, in consultation with ‘‘(2) Not later than 60 days after the end of CHAPTER 1—AUTHORITIES AND the Attorney General. each fiscal year, the Secretary of State shall ACTIVITIES ‘‘(2) Before making a reward under this submit an annual report to the appropriate section in a matter over which there is Fed- congressional committees with respect to SEC. 2201. REVISION OF DEPARTMENT OF STATE eral criminal jurisdiction, the Secretary of the operation of the rewards program au- REWARDS PROGRAM. State shall advise and consult with the At- thorized by this section. Such report shall (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 36 of the State torney General. provide information on the total amounts Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 ‘‘(d) FUNDING.—(1) There is authorized to expended during such fiscal year to carry out U.S.C. 2708) is amended to read as follows: be appropriated to the Department of State the purposes of this section, including H 5424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 amounts spent to publicize the availability ties Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2710(c)) is amended diplomatic and consular posts abroad may be of rewards. Such report shall also include in- in the first sentence by inserting ‘‘personal amended without competition to permit formation on all requests for the payment of and’’ before ‘‘other support services’’. other such United States Government agen- rewards under this section, including the SEC. 2205. CONSOLIDATION OF UNITED STATES cies to obtain goods or services under such reasons for the denial of any such requests. DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND CON- contract, if unit prices are not increased as ‘‘(i) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— SULAR POSTS. a result of any such amendment. ‘‘(1) the term ‘appropriate congressional (a) CONSOLIDATION PLAN.—The Secretary of SEC. 2209. TRAINING. committees’ means the Committee on Inter- State shall develop a worldwide plan for the Section 701 of the Foreign Service Act of national Relations of the House of Rep- consolidation, wherever practicable, on a re- 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4021) is amended— resentatives and the Committee on Foreign gional or areawide basis, of United States (1) by redesignating subsection (d)(4) as Relations of the Senate; missions and consular posts abroad. subsection (g); and ‘‘(2) the term ‘act of international terror- (b) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The plan shall— (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol- ism’ includes, but is not limited to— (1) identify specific United States diplo- lowing new subsections: ‘‘(A) any act substantially contributing to matic missions and consular posts for con- ‘‘(e)(1) The Secretary of State is authorized the acquisition of unsafeguarded special nu- solidation; to provide appropriate training through the clear material (as defined in section 830(8) of (2) identify those missions and posts at institution to employees of any United the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of which the resident ambassador would also be States company engaged in business abroad, 1994) or any nuclear explosive device (as de- accredited to other specified states in which and to the families of such employees, when fined in section 830(4) of that Act) by an indi- the United States either maintained no resi- such training is in the national interest of vidual, group, or non- state dent official presence or maintained such a the United States. (as defined in section 830(5) of that Act); and presence only at staff level; and ‘‘(2) In the case of any company under con- ‘‘(B) any act, as determined by the Sec- (3) provide an estimate of— tract to provide services to the Department retary of State, which materially supports (A) the amount by which expenditures of State, the Secretary of State is authorized the conduct of international terrorism, in- would be reduced through the reduction in to provide job-related training to any com- cluding the counterfeiting of United States the number of United States Government pany employee who is performing such serv- currency or the illegal use of other monetary personnel assigned abroad; ices. instruments by an individual, group, or (B) the reduction in the costs of maintain- ‘‘(3) Training under this subsection shall be country supporting international terrorism ing United States properties abroad; and on a reimbursable or advance-of-funds basis. as determined for purposes of section 6(j) of (C) the amount of revenues generated to Such reimbursements or advances shall be the Export Administration Act of 1979; the United States through the sale or other credited to the currently applicable appro- ‘‘(3) the term ‘United States narcotics disposition of United States properties asso- priation account. laws’ means the laws of the United States for ciated with the posts to be consolidated ‘‘(4) Training under this subsection is au- the prevention and control of illicit traffic in abroad. thorized only to the extent that it will not controlled substances (as such term is de- (c) TRANSMITTAL.—Not later than 180 days interfere with the institution’s primary mis- fined for purposes of the Controlled Sub- after the date of the enactment of this Act, sion of training employees of the Depart- stances Act); and the Secretary of State shall transmit a copy ment and of other agencies in the field of for- ‘‘(4) the term ‘member of the immediate of the plan to the appropriate congressional eign relations. family’ includes— committees. ‘‘(f)(1) The Secretary of State is authorized ‘‘(A) a spouse, parent, brother, sister, or SEC. 2206. DENIAL OF PASSPORTS TO to provide on a reimbursable basis foreign child of the individual; NONCUSTODIAL PARENTS SUBJECT language training programs to Members of ‘‘(B) a person to whom the individual TO STATE ARREST WARRANTS IN Congress and officers and employees of Con- stands in loco parentis; and CASES OF NONPAYMENT OF CHILD gress. ‘‘(C) any other person living in the individ- SUPPORT. ‘‘(2) Reimbursements under this sub- ual’s household and related to the individual The Secretary of State is authorized to section, to the extent practicable, should be by blood or marriage.’’. refuse to issue a passport or to revoke, re- equivalent to the rate of reimbursement (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of strict, or limit a passport in any case in charged other agencies of the United States the Congress that the Secretary of State which the Secretary of State determines or Government for comparable training. should pursue additional means of funding is informed by competent authority that the ‘‘(3) Reimbursements collected under this the program established by section 36 of the applicant or passport holder is a subsection shall be credited to the currently State Department Basic Authorities Act of noncustodial parent who is the subject of an available applicable appropriation account. 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2708), including the authority outstanding State warrant of arrest for ‘‘(4) Training under this subsection is au- to seize and dispose of assets used in the nonpayment of child support, where the thorized only to the extent that it will not commission of any offense under sections amount in controversy is not less than interfere with the institution’s primary mis- 1028, 1541 through 1544, and 1546 of title 18, $10,000. sion of training employees of the Depart- United States Code, and to retain the pro- SEC. 2207. CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUND. ment and of other agencies in the field of for- ceeds derived from the disposition of such as- Section 135 of the Foreign Relations Au- eign relations.’’. sets, or to participate in asset sharing pro- thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 CHAPTER 2—CONSULAR AUTHORITIES OF grams conducted by the Department of Jus- (22 U.S.C. 2684a) is amended— THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE tice, to carry out the purposes of section 36 (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ‘‘and en- SEC. 2231. SURCHARGE FOR PROCESSING CER- of that Act. hancement’’ after ‘‘procurement’’; TAIN MACHINE READABLE VISAS. SEC. 2202. AUTHORITIES OF SECRETARY OF (2) in subsection (c) by striking ‘‘are au- Section 140(a) of the Foreign Relations Au- STATE. thorized to’’ and inserting ‘‘shall’’; thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 Section 203(4) of the State Department (3) in subsection (d) by striking ‘‘for ex- (Public Law 103—236) is amended— Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. penditure to procure capital equipment and (1) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and 4303(4)) is amended in the third sentence by information technology’’ and inserting in inserting the following: striking ‘‘should’’ both places it appears and lieu thereof ‘‘for purposes of subsection (a)’’; ‘‘(2) For fiscal years 1996 and 1997, not more inserting ‘‘shall’’. and than $250,000,000 in fees collected under the SEC. 2203. BUYING POWER MAINTENANCE AC- (4) by amending subsection (e) to read as authority of paragraph (1) shall be deposited COUNT. follows: as an offsetting collection to any Depart- Section 24(b)(7) of the State Department ‘‘(e) REPROGRAMMING PROCEDURES.—Funds ment of State appropriation to recover the Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. credited to the Capital Investment Fund costs of the Department of State’s border se- 2696(b)(7)) is amended by striking subpara- shall not be available for obligation or ex- curity program, including the costs of— graph (D). penditure except in compliance with the pro- ‘‘(1) installation and operation of the ma- cedures applicable to reprogrammings under SEC. 2204. EXPENSES RELATING TO CERTAIN chine readable visa and automated name- INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS AND PRO- section 34 of the State Department Basic Au- check process; CEEDINGS. thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2710).’’. ‘‘(2) improving the quality and security of (a) RECOVERY OF CERTAIN EXPENSES.—The SEC. 2208. EFFICIENCY IN PROCUREMENT. the United States passport; Department of State Appropriation Act, 1937 (a) IN GENERAL.—To the maximum extent ‘‘(3) passport and visa fraud investigations; (49 Stat. 1321, 22 U.S.C. 2661, as amended by practicable, United States Government agen- and section 142(b) of the Foreign Relations Au- cies performing functions at diplomatic and ‘‘(4) the technological infrastructure to thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 consular posts abroad shall avoid duplicative support and operate the programs referred to (Public Law 100–204)) is amended in the fifth acquisition actions. in paragraphs (1) through (3). undesignated paragraph under the heading (b) AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding any Such fees shall remain available for obliga- entitled ‘‘INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMIS- other provision of law, a contract awarded in tion until expended. SION’’ by striking ‘‘extraordinary’’. accordance with the Competition in Con- ‘‘(3) For any fiscal year, fees collected (b) PROCUREMENT OF SERVICES.—Section tracting Act by an agency of the United under the authority of paragraph (1) in ex- 38(c) of the State Department Basic Authori- States Government performing functions at cess of the amount specified for such fiscal May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5425 year under paragraph (2) shall be deposited propriate congressional committees at least (1) in section 599D (8 U.S.C. 1157 note)— in the general fund of the Treasury as mis- 15 days in advance of the obligation or ex- (A) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘and cellaneous receipts.’’; and penditure of sums from the United States 1996’’ and inserting ‘‘1996, and 1997’’; and (2) by striking paragraph (5). Emergency Refugee and Migration Assist- (B) in subsection (e), by striking out ‘‘Oc- SEC. 2232. FINGERPRINT CHECK REQUIREMENT. ance Fund under subsection (c). tober 1, 1996’’ each place it appears and in- Section 140 of the Foreign Relations Au- ‘‘(2) Notwithstanding the notification re- serting ‘‘October 1, 1997’’; and thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 quirement of paragraph (1), the President (2) in section 599E (8 U.S.C. 1255 note) in (Public Law 103-236; 8 U.S.C. 1182 note) as may obligate and expend sums from the subsection (b)(2), by striking out ‘‘September amended by section 505 of the Department of United States Emergency Refugee and Mi- 30, 1996’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 1997’’. State and Related Agencies Appropriation gration Assistance Fund if the President de- TITLE XXIII—ORGANIZATION OF THE DE- Act, Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103-317) is termines, and promptly certifies to the ap- PARTMENT OF STATE; DEPARTMENT OF amended by adding at the end the following: propriate congressional committees, that STATE PERSONNEL; THE FOREIGN ‘‘(h) FINGERPRINT CHECK REQUIREMENT.—If unforseen emergency circumstances require SERVICE the immediate obligation of sums from such a visa applicant is determined to have a CHAPTER 1—ORGANIZATION OF THE fund. Any such certification shall fully in- criminal history record under subsection DEPARTMENT OF STATE form such committees of the amount and use (d)(1), has been physically present in the SEC. 2301. COORDINATOR FOR COUNTER- United States, and is more than 16 years of of such sums from the Fund. ‘‘(3) For purposes of this section, the term TERRORISM. age, the applicant shall provide a fingerprint ‘appropriate congressional committees’ (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 1(e) of the record for submission with the application, means the Committee on International Rela- State Department Basic Authorities Act of at no cost to the Department of State. The tions and the Committee on Appropriations 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(e)) is amended— Department of State shall submit such fin- of the House of Representatives and the (1) by striking ‘‘In’’ and inserting the fol- gerprint record to the Federal Bureau of In- Committee on Foreign Relations and the lowing: vestigation for analysis to determine wheth- Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- ‘‘(1) In’’; and er the applicant has been convicted of a fel- ate.’’. (2) by inserting at the end the following: ony under State or Federal law in the United ‘‘(2) COORDINATOR FOR COUNTERTERROR- SEC. 2252. PERSECUTION FOR RESISTANCE TO States.’’. COERCIVE POPULATION CONTROL ISM.— SEC. 2233. USE OF CERTAIN PASSPORT PROCESS- METHODS. ‘‘(A) There shall be within the office of the ING FEES FOR ENHANCED PASS- Section 101(a)(42) of the Immigration and Secretary of State a Coordinator for PORT SERVICES. Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42)) is Counterterrorism (hereafter in this para- For each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997, of amended by adding at the end the following: graph referred to as the ‘Coordinator’) who the fees collected for expedited passport ‘‘For purposes of determinations under this shall be appointed by the President, by and processing and deposited to an offsetting col- Act, a person who has been forced to abort a with the advice and consent of the Senate. lection pursuant to the Department of State pregnancy or to undergo involuntary steri- ‘‘(B)(i) The Coordinator shall perform such and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for lization, or who has been persecuted for fail- duties and exercise such power as the Sec- Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103—317; 22 ure or refusal to undergo such a procedure or retary of State shall prescribe. U.S.C. 214), 10 percent shall be available only for other resistance to a coercive population ‘‘(ii) The principal duty of the Coordinator for enhancing passport services for United control program, shall be deemed to have shall be the overall supervision (including States citizens, improving the integrity and been persecuted on account of political opin- policy oversight of resources) of inter- efficiency of the passport issuance process, ion, and a person who has a well founded fear national counterterrorism activities. The improving the secure nature of the United that he or she will be forced to undergo such Coordinator shall be the principal advisor to States passport, investigating passport a procedure or subjected to persecution for the Secretary of State on international fraud, and deterring entry into the United such failure, refusal, or resistance shall be counterterrorism matters. The Coordinator States by terrorists, drug traffickers, or deemed to have a well founded fear of perse- shall be the principal counterterrorism offi- other criminals. cution on account of political opinion.’’. cial within the senior management of the SEC. 2234. CONSULAR OFFICERS. SEC. 2253. REPORT TO CONGRESS CONCERNING Department of State and shall report di- (a) PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE REPORTS CUBAN EMIGRATION POLICIES. rectly to the Secretary of State. OF BIRTH ABROAD.—Section 33 of the State Beginning 3 months after the date of the ‘‘(C) The Coordinator shall have the rank Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 enactment of this Act and every subsequent and status of Ambassador-at-Large. The Co- U.S.C. 2705) is amended in paragraph (2) by 6 months, the President shall transmit a re- ordinator shall be compensated at the an- inserting ‘‘(or any United States citizen em- port to the appropriate congressional com- nual rate of basic pay in effect for a position ployee of the Department of State des- mittees concerning the methods employed at level IV of the Executive Schedule under ignated by the Secretary of State to adju- by the Government of Cuba to enforce the section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, or, dicate nationality abroad pursuant to such United States—Cuba agreement of Septem- if the Coordinator is appointed from the For- regulations as the Secretary may prescribe)’’ ber 1994 to restrict the emigration of the eign Service, the annual rate of pay which after ‘‘consular officer’’. Cuban people from Cuba to the United the individual last received under the For- eign Service Schedule, whichever is greater. (b) PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO CONSULAR States, and the treatment by the Govern- ‘‘(D) For purposes of diplomatic protocol OFFICERS.—Section 31 of the Act of August ment of Cuba of persons who have been re- 18, 1856 (Rev. Stat. 1689, 22 U.S.C. 4191), is turned to Cuba pursuant to the United among officers of the Department of State, amended by inserting ‘‘and to such other States—Cuba agreement of May 1995. Each the Coordinator shall take precedence after United States citizen employees of the De- report transmitted pursuant to this section the Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of State, and the Under Secretaries of State partment of State as may be designated by shall include a detailed account of United and shall take precedence among the Assist- the Secretary of State pursuant to such reg- States efforts to monitor such enforcement ant Secretaries of State in the order pre- ulations as the Secretary may prescribe’’ and treatment. scribed by the Secretary of State.’’. after ‘‘such officers’’. SEC. 2254. UNITED STATES POLICY REGARDING THE INVOLUNTARY RETURN OF REF- (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND- CHAPTER 3—REFUGEES AND MIGRATION UGEES. MENTS.—Section 161 of the Foreign Relations SEC. 2251. UNITED STATES EMERGENCY REFU- (a) IN GENERAL.—No funds authorized to be Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 GEE AND MIGRATION ASSISTANCE appropriated by this Act shall be available to (P.L. 103-236) is amended by striking sub- FUND. involuntarily return any person to a country section (e). (a) LIMITATION ON TRANSFERS FROM EMER- in which the person has a well founded fear (c) TRANSITION PROVISION.—The individual GENCY FUND.—Section 2(c) of the Migration of persecution on account of race, religion, serving as Coordinator for Counterterrorism and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. nationality, membership in a particular so- of the Department of State on the day before 2601(c)) is amended by adding after paragraph cial group, or political opinion, or promote the effective date of this division may con- (3) the following: or assist such involuntary return. tinue to serve in that position. ‘‘(4) Notwithstanding any other provision (b) INVOLUNTARILY RETURN DEFINED—As SEC. 2302. SPECIAL ENVOY FOR TIBET. of this Act, the President shall notify the ap- used in this section, the term ‘‘involuntarily (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- propriate congressional committees not less return’’ means to take action by which it is lowing findings: than 15 days before transferring or otherwise reasonably foreseeable that a person will be (1) The Government of the People’s Repub- making available amounts from the United required to return to a country against the lic of China withholds meaningful participa- States Emergency Refugee and Migration person’s will, regardless of whether such re- tion in the governance of Tibet from Tibet- Assistance Fund under paragraph (1).’’. turn is induced by physical force and regard- ans and has failed to abide by its own con- (b) NOTIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES FROM less of whether the person is physically stitutional guarantee of autonomy for Tibet- FUND.—Section 2(d) of the Migration and present in the United States. ans. Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. SEC. 2255. EXTENSION OF CERTAIN ADJUDICA- (2) The Government of the People’s Repub- 2601(c)) is amended to read as follows: TION PROVISIONS. lic of China is responsible for the destruction ‘‘(d)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, of much of Tibet’s cultural and religious her- and notwithstanding any other provision of and Related Programs Appropriations Act, itage since 1959 and continues to threaten this Act, the President shall notify the ap- 1990 (Public Law 101—167) is amended— the survival of Tibetan culture and religion. H 5426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

(3) The Government of the People’s Repub- ‘‘(4) COORDINATOR FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND tion) in the conduct of foreign policy includ- lic of China, through direct and indirect in- REFUGEES.— ing the following: centives, has established discriminatory de- ‘‘(A) There shall be within the office of the ‘‘(A) Gathering detailed information re- velopment programs which have resulted in Secretary of State a Coordinator for Human garding humanitarian affairs and the observ- an overwhelming flow of Chinese immigrants Rights and Refugees (hereafter in this para- ance of and respect for internationally recog- into Tibet, including those areas incor- graph referred to as the ‘Coordinator’) who nized human rights in each country to which porated into the Chinese provinces of shall be appointed by the President, by and the requirements of section 116 and 502B of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Quinghai in re- with the advice and consent of the Senate. the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are rel- cent years, and have excluded Tibetans from The Coordinator shall report directly to the evant. participation in important policy decisions, Secretary of State. ‘‘(B) Preparing the statements and reports further threatening traditional Tibetan life. ‘‘(B) The Coordinator shall be responsible to Congress required under section 502B of (4) The Government of the People’s Repub- for matters pertaining to human rights, refu- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. lic of China denies Tibetans their fundamen- gees, and humanitarian affairs (including ‘‘(C) Making recommendations to the Sec- tal human rights, as reported in the Depart- matters relating to prisoners of war and retary of State regarding compliance with ment of State’s Country Reports on Human members of the United States Armed Forces sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assist- Rights Practices for 1995. missing in action) in the conduct of foreign ance Act of 1961, and as part of the Bureau’s (5) The President and the Congress have policy. The Coordinator shall head the Bu- overall policy responsibility for the creation determined that the promotion of human reau of Refugee and Migration Assistance of United States Government human rights rights in Tibet and the protection of Tibet’s and the Bureau of Democracy, Human policy, advising the Secretary on the policy religion and culture are important elements Rights, and Labor. framework under which section 116(e) in United States-China relations and have ‘‘(C) The Coordinator shall have the rank projects are developed and consulting with urged senior members of the Government of and status of Ambassador-at-Large. The Co- the Secretary on the selection and imple- the People’s Republic of China to enter into ordinator shall be compensated at the an- mentation of such projects. substantive negotiations on these matters nual rate of basic pay in effect for a position ‘‘(D) Performing other responsibilities with the Dalai Lama or his representative. at level IV of the Executive Schedule under which serve to promote increased observance (6) The Dalai Lama has repeatedly stated section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, or, of internationally recognized human rights his willingness to begin substantive negotia- if the Coordinator is appointed from the For- by all countries.’’. tions without preconditions. eign Service, the annual rate of pay which SEC. 2304. ELIMINATION OF STATUTORY ESTAB- (7) The Government of the People’s Repub- the individual last received under the For- LISHMENT OF CERTAIN POSITIONS lic of China has failed to respond in a good eign Service Schedule, whichever is greater. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE. faith manner by reciprocating a willingness ‘‘(D) For purposes of diplomatic protocol (a) ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR to begin negotiations without preconditions, among officers of the Department of State, SOUTH ASIAN AFFAIRS.—Section 122 of the and no substantive negotiations have begun. the Coordinator shall take precedence after Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal (b) UNITED STATES SPECIAL ENVOY FOR the Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary Years 1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 2652b) is re- TIBET.—Section 1(e) of the State Department of State, and the Under Secretaries of State pealed. Basic Authorities Act (U.S.C. 2651a(e)) is and shall take precedence among the Assist- (b) DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE amended by adding after paragraph (2) the ant Secretaries of State in the order pre- FOR BURDENSHARING.—Section 161 of the For- following new paragraph: scribed by the Secretary of State.’’. eign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal (b) TERMINATION OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY ‘‘(3) UNITED STATES SPECIAL ENVOY FOR Years 1994 and 1995 (22 U.S.C. 2651a note) is OF STATE FOR DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, TIBET.— amended by striking subsection (f). AND LABOR.— (c) ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR OCEANS AND ‘‘(A) There shall be within the Department (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1(c) of the State INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SCI- of State a United States Special Envoy for Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 ENTIFIC AFFAIRS.—Section 9 of the Depart- Tibet, who shall be appointed by the Presi- U.S.C. 2651a(c)) is amended by striking para- ment of State Appropriations Authorization dent, by and with the advice and consent of graph (2). Act of 1973 (22 U.S.C. 2655a) is repealed. the Senate. The United States Special Envoy (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—The Foreign for Tibet shall hold office at the pleasure of SEC. 2305. ESTABLISHMENT OF ASSISTANT SEC- Assistance Act of 1961 is amended— RETARY OF STATE FOR HUMAN RE- the President. (A) in section 116(c) (22 U.S.C. 2151n), by SOURCES. ‘‘(B) The United States Special Envoy for striking ‘‘Assistant Secretary of State for Section 1(c) of the State Department Basic Tibet shall have the personal rank of ambas- Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor’’ and Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(c)) is sador. inserting ‘‘Secretary’’; amended by adding after paragraph (1) the ‘‘(C) The United States Special Envoy for (B) in sections 502B, 502B, and 505(g)(4)(A) following new paragraph: Tibet is authorized and encouraged— by striking ‘‘, prepared with the assistance ‘‘(2) ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HUMAN RE- ‘‘(i) to promote substantive negotiations of the Assistant Secretary of State for De- SOURCES.—There shall be in the Department between the Dalai Lama or his representa- mocracy, Human Rights, and Labor,’’; and of State an Assistant Secretary for Human tives and senior members of the Government (C) in section 573(c) by striking ‘‘Assistant Resources who shall be responsible to the of the People’s Republic of China; Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Secretary of State for matters relating to ‘‘(ii) to promote good relations between the Rights, and Labor’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary human resources including the implementa- Dalai Lama and his representatives and the of State’’. tion of personnel policies and programs with- United States Government, including meet- (c) ESTABLISHMENT OF BUREAU OF REFUGEE in the Department of State and inter- ing with members or representatives of the AND MIGRATION ASSISTANCE AND BUREAU OF national affairs functions and activities car- Tibetan government-in-exile; and DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR.— ried out through the Department of State. ‘‘(iii) to travel regularly throughout Tibet Section 1 of the State Department Basic Au- The Assistant Secretary shall have substan- and Tibetan refugee settlements. thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is tial professional qualifications in the field of ‘‘(D) The United States Special Envoy for amended by adding after subsection (e) the human resource policy and management.’’. Tibet shall— following new subsection: SEC. 2306. AUTHORITY OF UNITED STATES PER- ‘‘(i) consult with the Congress on policies ‘‘(f) ESTABLISHMENT OF CERTAIN BUREAUS, MANENT REPRESENTATIVE TO THE relevant to Tibet and the future and welfare OFFICES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL ENTI- UNITED NATIONS. of all Tibetan people; TIES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.— Section 2(a) of the United Nations Partici- ‘‘(ii) coordinate United States Government ‘‘(1) BUREAU OF REFUGEE AND MIGRATION AS- pation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287(a)) is amend- policies, programs, and projects concerning SISTANCE.—There is established within the ed by striking ‘‘hold office at the pleasure of Tibet; and Department of State the Bureau of Refugee the President’’ and inserting ‘‘serve at the ‘‘(iii) report to the Secretary of State re- and Migration Assistance which shall assist pleasure of the President and subject to the garding the matters described in section the Secretary of State in carrying out the direction of the Secretary of State’’. 536(a)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authoriza- Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of CHAPTER 2—PERSONNEL OF THE DE- tion Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public 1962. The Bureau shall be headed by the Co- PARTMENT OF STATE; THE FOREIGN Law 103–236).’’. ordinator for Human Rights and Refugees. SERVICE SEC. 2303. ESTABLISHMENT OF COORDINATOR ‘‘(2) BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, SEC. 2351. AUTHORIZED STRENGTH OF THE FOR- FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND REFU- AND LABOR.—There is established within the EIGN SERVICE. GEES, BUREAU OF REFUGEE AND MI- GRATION ASSISTANCE, AND BUREAU Department of State the Bureau of Democ- (a) END FISCAL YEAR 1996 LEVELS.—The OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, racy, Human Rights, and Labor. The Bureau number of members of the Foreign Service AND LABOR. shall be headed by the Coordinator for authorized to be employed as of September (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF COORDINATOR FOR Human Rights and Refugees. The Bureau 30, 1996— HUMAN RIGHTS AND REFUGEES.— shall continuously observe and review all (1) for the Department of State, shall not Section 1(e) of the State Department Basic matters pertaining to human rights and hu- exceed 9,000, of whom not more than 720 shall Authorities Act (22 U.S.C. 2651a(e)) is amend- manitarian affairs (including matters relat- be members of the Senior Foreign Service; ed by adding after paragraph (3) the follow- ing to prisoners of war and members of the (2) for the United States Information Agen- ing new paragraph: United States Armed Forces missing in ac- cy, shall not exceed 1,150, of whom not more May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5427 than 165 shall be members of the Senior For- authorized to collect from a third-party ‘‘(C) the term ‘third-party payer’ means an eign Service; and payer the reasonable costs incurred by the entity that provides a fee-for-service insur- (3) for the Agency for International Devel- Department of State on behalf of such person ance policy, contract, or similar agreement opment, not to exceed 1,800, of whom not for health care services to the same extent through the Federal Employees Health Bene- more than 240 shall be members of the Senior that the covered beneficiary would be eligi- fit program, under which the expenses of Foreign Service. ble to receive reimbursement or indemnifica- health care services for individuals are paid. (b) END FISCAL YEAR 1997 LEVELS.—The tion from the third-party payer for such ‘‘(h) In the case of a person, other than a number of members of the Foreign Service costs. covered beneficiary, who receives health care authorized to be employed as of September ‘‘(2) If the insurance policy, plan, contract, services pursuant to this section, the Sec- 30, 1997— or similar agreement of that third-party retary of State is authorized to collect from (1) for the Department of State, shall not payer includes a requirement for a deduct- such person the reasonable costs of health exceed 8,800, of whom not more than 680 shall ible or copayment by the beneficiary of the care services incurred by the Department of be members of the Senior Foreign Service; plan, then the Secretary of State may col- State on behalf of such person. The United (2) for the United States Information Agen- lect from the third-party payer only the rea- States shall have the same rights against cy, not to exceed 1,100 of whom not more sonable costs of the care provided less the persons subject to the provisions of this sub- than 160 shall be members of the Senior For- deductible or copayment amount. section as against third-party payers covered eign Service; and ‘‘(3) A covered beneficiary shall not be re- by subsection (g).’’. (3) for the Agency for International Devel- quired to pay any deductible or copayment (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Subsection (a) shall opment, not to exceed 1,775 of whom not for health care services under this sub- take effect October 1, 1996. section. more than 230 shall be members of the Senior TITLE XXIV—UNITED STATES PUBLIC DI- Foreign Service. ‘‘(4) No provision of any insurance, medical service, or health plan contract or agree- PLOMACY: AUTHORITIES AND ACTIVI- (c) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this TIES FOR UNITED STATES INFORMA- section, the term ‘‘members of the Foreign ment having the effect of excluding from coverage or limiting payment of charges for TIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CULTURAL Service’’ is used within the meaning of such PROGRAMS term under section 103 of the Foreign Service care in the following circumstances shall op- CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C 3903), except that such erate to prevent collection by the Secretary term does not include— of State under paragraph (1)— SEC. 2401. ELIMINATION OF PERMANENT AU- (1) members of the Service under para- ‘‘(A) care provided directly or indirectly by THORIZATION. Section 208 of the Foreign Relations Au- graphs (6) and (7) of such section; a governmental entity; ‘‘(B) care provided to an individual who has thorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 is (2) members of the Service serving under not paid a required deductible or copayment; amended by striking subsection (e). temporary resident appointments abroad; or (3) members of the Service employed on SEC. 2402. EXTENSION OF AU PAIR PROGRAMS. ‘‘(C) care provided by a provider with less than a full-time basis; Section 8 of the Eisenhower Exchange Fel- which the third-party payer has no partici- (4) members of the Service subject to in- lowship Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–454) is pation agreement. amended in the last sentence by striking voluntary separation in cases in which such ‘‘(5) No law of any State, or of any political separation has been suspended pursuant to ‘‘fiscal year 1995’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year subdivision of a State, and no provision of 1997’’. section 1106(8) of the Foreign Service Act of any contract or agreement shall operate to 1980; and SEC. 2403. EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EX- prevent or hinder recovery or collection by CHANGES WITH HONG KONG. (5) members of the Service serving under the United States under this section. non-career limited appointments. The Director of the United States Informa- ‘‘(6) As to the authority provided in para- tion Agency shall conduct programs of edu- (d) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—(1) Subject to graph (1) of this subsection— cational and cultural exchange between the paragraph (2), the President may waive any ‘‘(A) the United States shall be subrogated United States and the people of Hong Kong. limitation under subsection (a) or (b) to the to any right or claim that the covered bene- extent that such waiver is necessary to carry ficiary may have against a third-party SEC. 2404. CONDUCT OF CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PRO- on the foreign affairs functions of the United payer; States. GRAMS IN ASIA. ‘‘(B) the United States may institute and In carrying out programs of educational (2) Not less than 15 days before the Presi- prosecute legal proceedings against a third- dent exercises a waiver under paragraph (1), and cultural exchange in Hong Kong, China, party payer to enforce a right of the United Vietnam, Cambodia, Tibet, Burma, and East such agency head shall notify the Chairman States under this subsection; and Timor, the Director of the United States In- of the Committee on Foreign Relations of ‘‘(C) the Secretary may compromise, set- formation Agency shall take appropriate the Senate and the Chairman of the Commit- tle, or waive a claim of the United States steps to provide opportunities for participa- tee on International Relations of the House under this subsection. of Representatives. Such notice shall include ‘‘(7) The Secretary shall prescribe regula- tion in such programs to human rights and an explanation of the circumstances and ne- tions for the administration of this sub- democracy leaders of such countries and per- cessity for such waiver. section and subsection (h). Such regulations sons who are nationals but not residents of SEC. 2352. REPEAL OF AUTHORITY FOR SENIOR shall provide for computation of the reason- such countries. FOREIGN SERVICE PERFORMANCE able cost of health care services. SEC. 2405. EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EX- PAY. ‘‘(8) Regulations prescribed under this sub- CHANGES AND SCHOLARSHIPS FOR (a) REPEAL.—Section 405 of the Foreign section shall provide that medical records of TIBETANS AND BURMESE. Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3965) is re- a covered beneficiary receiving health care (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF EDUCATIONAL AND pealed. under this subsection shall be made avail- CULTURAL EXCHANGE FOR TIBETANS.—The Di- (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 2 of able for inspection and review by representa- rector of the United States Information the Foreign Service Act of 1980 is amended in tives of the payer from which collection by Agency shall establish programs of edu- the table of contents by striking the item re- the United States is sought for the sole pur- cational and cultural exchange between the lated to section 405. pose of permitting the third party to verify— United States and the people of Tibet. Such SEC. 2353. RECOVERY OF COSTS OF HEALTH ‘‘(A) that the care or services for which re- programs shall include opportunities for CARE SERVICES. covery or collection is sought were furnished training and, as the Director considers ap- (a) AUTHORITIES.—Section 904 of the For- to the covered beneficiary; and propriate, may include the assignment of eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4084) is ‘‘(B) that the provisions of such care or personnel and resources abroad. amended— services to the covered beneficiary meets cri- (b) SCHOLARSHIPS FOR TIBETANS AND BUR- (1) in subsection (a) by— teria generally applicable under the health MESE.— (A) striking ‘‘and’’ before ‘‘members of the plan contract involved, except that this (1) For each of the fiscal years 1996 and families of such members and employees’’; paragraph shall be subject to the provisions 1997, at least 30 scholarships shall be made and of paragraphs (2) and (4). available to Tibetan students and profes- (B) by inserting immediately before the pe- ‘‘(9) Amounts collected under this sub- sionals who are outside Tibet, and at least 15 riod ‘‘, and for care provided abroad) such section or under subsection (h) from a third- scholarships shall be made available to Bur- other persons as are designated by the Sec- party payer or from any other payer shall be mese students and professionals who are out- retary of State, except that such persons deposited as an offsetting collection to any side Burma. shall be considered persons other than cov- Department of State appropriation and shall (2) WAIVER.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply ered beneficiaries for purposes of subsections remain available until expended. to the extent that the Director of the United (g) and (h)’’; ‘‘(10) For purposes of this section— States Information Agency determines that (2) in subsection (d) by inserting ‘‘, subject ‘‘(A) the term ‘covered beneficiary’ means there are not enough qualified students to to the provisions of subsections (g) and (h)’’ an individual eligible to receive health care fulfill such allocation requirement. after ‘‘treatment’’; and under this section whose health care costs (3) SCHOLARSHIP DEFINED.—For the pur- (3) by adding the following new sub- are to be paid by a third-party payer under a poses of this section, the term ‘‘scholarship’’ sections: contractual agreement with such payer; means an amount to be used for full or par- ‘‘(g)(1) In the case of a person who is a cov- ‘‘(B) the term ‘services’, as used in ‘health tial support of tuition and fees to attend an ered beneficiary, the Secretary of State is care services’ includes products; and educational institution, and may include H 5428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 fees, books, and supplies, equipment required ‘‘(1) A description of the manner in which tions’’ by this Act, the President may with- for courses at an educational institution, liv- Radio Free Asia would meet the funding lim- hold 20 percent of the funds appropriated for ing expenses at a United States educational itations provided in subsection (d)(4). the United States assessed contribution to institution, and travel expenses to and from, ‘‘(2) A description of the numbers and the United Nations or to any of its special- and within, the United States. qualifications of employees it proposes to ized agencies for any calendar year if the SEC. 2406. AVAILABILITY OF VOICE OF AMERICA hire. United Nations or any such agency has failed AND RADIO MARTI MULTILINGUAL ‘‘(3) How it proposes to meet the technical to implement or to continue to implement COMPUTER READABLE TEXT AND requirements for carrying out its respon- consensus-based decisionmaking procedures VOICE RECORDINGS. sibilities under this section.’’. on budgetary matters which assure that suf- (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section SEC. 2433. PILOT PROJECT FOR FREEDOM ficient attention is paid to the views of the 208 of the Foreign Relations Authorization BROADCASTING TO ASIA. United States and other member states that Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (22 U.S.C. (a) AUTHORITY.—The Director of the United are the major financial contributors to such 1461–1a) and the second sentence of section States Information Agency shall make assessed budgets. 501 of the United States Information and grants for broadcasting to the People’s Re- (b) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—The President Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. public of China, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, shall notify the Congress when a decision is 1461), the Director of the United States Infor- North Korea, Tibet, and Vietnam. Such made to withhold any share of the United mation Agency is authorized to make avail- broadcasting shall provide accurate and States assessed contribution to the United able, upon request, to the Linguistic Data timely information, news, and commentary Nations or its specialized agencies pursuant Consortium of the University of Pennsylva- about events in the respective countries of to subsection (a) and shall notify the Con- nia computer readable multilingual text and Asia and elsewhere, and shall be a forum for gress when the decision is made to pay any recorded speech in various languages. The a variety of opinions and voices from within previously withheld assessed contribution. A Consortium shall, directly or indirectly as Asian nations whose people do not fully notification under this subsection shall in- appropriate, reimburse the Director for any enjoy freedom of expression. clude appropriate consultation between the expenses involved in making such materials (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of such grants President (or the President’s representative) available. shall be to provide such broadcasting on an and the Committee on International Rela- (b) TERMINATION.—Subsection (a) shall interim basis during the period before Radio tions of the House of Representatives and cease to have effect 5 years after the date of Free Asia becomes fully operational. the Committee on Foreign Relations of the the enactment of this Act. (c) APPLICATIONS.—In considering applica- Senate. SEC. 2407. RETENTION OF INTEREST. tions for grants, the Director of the United (c) CONTRIBUTIONS FOR PRIOR YEARS.—Sub- Notwithstanding any other provision of States Information Agency shall give strong ject to the availability of appropriations, law, with the approval of the National En- preference to entities which (1) take advan- payment of assessed contributions for prior dowment for Democracy, grant funds made tage of the expertise of political and reli- years may be made to the United Nations or available by the National Endowment for De- gious dissidents and pro-democracy and any of its specialized agencies notwithstand- mocracy may be deposited in interest-bear- human rights activists from within the coun- ing subsection (a) if such payment would fur- ing accounts pending disbursement and any tries to whom broadcasting is directed, in- ther United States interests in that organi- interest which accrues may be retained by cluding exiles from these countries; and (2) zation. the grantee and used for the purposes for take advantage of contracts or similar ar- (d) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than which the grant was made. rangements with existing broadcast facili- February 1 of each year, the President shall SEC. 2408. USIA OFFICE IN PRISTINA, KOSOVA. ties so as to provide immediate broadcast submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report concerning the amount (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE.—The Direc- coverage with low overhead. tor of the United States Information Agency (d) PLAN.—Not later than 30 days after the of United States assessed contributions paid shall seek to establish an office in Pristina, date of the enactment of this Act, the Direc- to the United Nations and each of its special- Kosova, for the following purposes: tor of the United States Information Agency ized agencies during the preceding calendar (1) Disseminating information about the shall submit to the appropriate congres- year. United States. sional committees a plan for implementing SEC. 2522. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO (2) Promoting discussions on human rights, this section which shall include details con- THE UNITED NATIONS OR UNITED cerning timetable for implementation, grant NATIONS AFFILIATED ORGANIZA- democracy, rule of law, and conflict resolu- TIONS. criteria, and grant application procedures. tion. The United States shall not make any vol- The procedures and timetable should be de- (3) Facilitating United States private sec- untary or assessed contribution— signed to ensure that grantees will begin tor involvement in educational and cultural (1) to any affiliated organization of the broadcasting not later than 120 days after activities in Kosova. United Nations which grants full member- the date of the enactment of this Act. (4) Advising the United States Government ship as a state to any organization or group with respect to public opinion in Kosova. TITLE XXV—INTERNATIONAL that does not have the internationally recog- (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMISSIONS nized attributes of statehood, or April 1 of each year until subsection (a) has CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS (2) to the United Nations, if the United Na- been fully implemented, the Director of the SEC. 2501. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND tions grants full membership as a state in United States Information Agency shall sub- WATER COMMISSION. the United Nations to any organization or mit a detailed report on developments relat- The Act of May 13, 1924 (49 Stat. 660, 22 group that does not have the internationally ing to the implementation of subsection (a) U.S.C. 277–277f), is amended in section 3 (22 recognized attributes of statehood, to the appropriate congressional commit- U.S.C. 277b) by adding at the end the follow- during any period in which such membership tees. ing new subsection: is effective. CHAPTER 2—INTERNATIONAL ‘‘(d) Pursuant to the authority of sub- SEC. 2523. REPORT ON UNICEF. BROADCASTING section (a) and in order to facilitate further Not later than December 31, 1995, the Sec- SEC. 2431. EXPANSION OF BROADCASTING BOARD compliance with the terms of the Convention retary of State shall transmit to the appro- OF GOVERNORS. for Equitable Distribution of the Waters of priate congressional committees a report on Section 304(b) of the United States Inter- the Rio Grande, May 21, 1906, United States- (1) the progress of UNICEF toward effective national Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. Mexico, the Secretary of State, acting financial, program, and personnel manage- 6203) is amended— through the United States Commissioner of ment; (2) the progress of UNICEF in shifting (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘9’’ and in- the International Boundary and Water Com- its health, child survival, and maternal sur- serting ‘‘11’’; mission, may make improvements to the Rio vival programs toward efficient and low- (2) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking ‘‘8’’ and Grande Canalization Project, originally au- overhead contractors, with particular em- inserting ‘‘10’’; and thorized by the Act of August 29, 1935 (49 phasis on nongovernmental organizations; (3) in paragraph (3) by striking ‘‘4’’ and in- Stat. 961). Such improvements may include and (3) the extent to which UNICEF has dem- serting ‘‘5’’. all such works as may be needed to stabilize onstrated its commitment to its traditional SEC. 2432. PLAN FOR RADIO FREE ASIA. the Rio Grande in the reach between the mission of child health and welfare and re- Section 309(c) of the United States Inter- Percha Diversion Dam in New Mexico and sisted pressure to become involved in func- national Broadcasting Act (22 U.S.C. 6208(c)) the American Diversion Dam in El Paso.’’. tions performed by other United Nations is amended to read as follows: CHAPTER 2—UNITED NATIONS AND AF- agencies. ‘‘(c) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—Not later than FILIATED AGENCIES AND ORGANIZA- SEC. 2524. UNITED NATIONS BUDGETARY AND 90 days after the date of the enactment of TIONS MANAGEMENT REFORM. the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, SEC. 2521. REFORM IN BUDGET DECISIONMAK- (a) IN GENERAL.—The United Nations Par- Fiscal Years 1996 and 1997, the Director of ING PROCEDURES OF THE UNITED ticipation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is the United States Information Agency shall NATIONS AND ITS SPECIALIZED amended by adding at the end the following submit to the Congress a detailed plan for AGENCIES. new section: the establishment and operation of Radio (a) ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS.—Of amounts ‘‘SEC. 10. (a) WITHHOLDING OF CONTRIBU- Free Asia in accordance with this section. authorized to be appropriated for ‘‘Assessed TIONS RELATED TO THE ROLE OF THE INSPEC- Such plan shall include the following: Contributions to International Organiza- TOR GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS.— May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5429

‘‘(1) ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR REGULAR Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is further TITLE XXVI—FOREIGN POLICY UNITED NATIONS BUDGET.—For fiscal year 1996 amended by adding at the end the following PROVISIONS and for each subsequent fiscal year, 20 per- new section: CHAPTER 1—MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN cent of the amount of funds made available ‘‘SEC. 11. (a) WITHHOLDING OF CONTRIBU- POLICY PROVISIONS for that fiscal year for United States as- TIONS RELATED TO TIMELY NOTICE OF CON- SEC. 2601. TAIWAN RELATIONS ACT. sessed contributions for the regular United TRACT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONTRACT (a) APPLICABILITY.—Section 3 of the Tai- Nations budget shall be withheld from obli- AWARDS.— wan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 3302) is amend- gation and expenditure unless a certification ‘‘(1) WITHHOLDING OF ASSESSED CONTRIBU- ed by adding at the end the following new for that fiscal year has been made under sub- TIONS FOR REGULAR UNITED NATIONS BUDGET.— subsection: section (b). For fiscal year 1997 and for each subsequent ‘‘(d) The provisions of subsections (a) and ‘‘(2) ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR UNITED fiscal year, 10 percent of the amount of funds (b) supersede any provision of the Joint Com- NATIONS PEACEKEEPING.—For fiscal year 1996 made available for that fiscal year for Unit- munique of the United States and China of and for each subsequent fiscal year, 50 per- ed States assessed contributions for the reg- August 17, 1982.’’. cent of the amount of funds made available ular United Nations budget shall be withheld (b) VISITS TO THE UNITED STATES BY OFFI- for that fiscal year for United States as- from obligation and expenditure unless a CIALS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC sessed contributions for United Nations OF CHINA ON TAIWAN.—Section 4 of the Tai- peacekeeping activities shall be withheld certification for that fiscal year has been made under paragraph (2). wan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 3303) is amend- from obligation and expenditure unless a ed by adding at the end the following new certification for that fiscal year has been ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—The certification re- subsection: made under subsection (b). ferred to in paragraph (1) for any fiscal year ‘‘(e) The Congress finds and declares that ‘‘(3) VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS FOR UNITED is a certification by the President to the there are no legitimate foreign policy NATIONS PEACEKEEPING.—For fiscal year 1996 Congress, submitted on or after the begin- grounds for preventing members of the gov- and for each subsequent fiscal year, the ning of that fiscal year, that the United Na- ernment chosen by the people of Taiwan United States may not pay any voluntary tions has implemented a system requiring from making private visits to the United contribution to the United Nations for inter- (A) prior notification for the submission of States. Accordingly, notwithstanding any national peacekeeping activities unless a all qualified bid proposals on all United Na- other provision of law, no official of the gov- certification for that fiscal year has been tions procurement opportunities over ernment of the Republic of China on Taiwan made under subsection (b). $100,000 and (B) a public announcement of the may be excluded from the United States on ‘‘(b) CERTIFICATION.—The certification re- award of any contract over $100,000. To the the basis of a determination by the Sec- ferred to in subsection (a) for any fiscal year extent practicable, notifications shall be retary of State that the entry or proposed is a certification by the President to the made in the Commerce Business Daily. activities in the United States of such indi- Congress, submitted on or after the begin- vidual would have potentially serious ad- ‘‘(b) WITHHOLDING OF CONTRIBUTIONS RE- ning of that fiscal year, of each of the follow- verse foreign policy consequences for the LATED TO DISCRIMINATION AGAINST COMPANIES ing: United States.’’. WHICH CHALLENGE CONTRACT AWARDS.— ‘‘(1) The United Nations has an independ- SEC. 2602. BOSNIA GENOCIDE JUSTICE ACT. ent office of Inspector General to conduct ‘‘(1) WITHHOLDING OF ASSESSED CONTRIBU- (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be and supervise objective audits, inspections, TIONS FOR REGULAR UNITED NATIONS BUDGET.— cited as the ‘‘Bosnia Genocide Justice Act’’. and investigations relating to programs and For fiscal year 1997 and for each subsequent (b) POLICY.— operations of the United Nations. fiscal year, 10 percent of the amount of funds (1) IN GENERAL.—Consistent with inter- ‘‘(2) The United Nations has an Inspector made available for that fiscal year for Unit- national law, it is the policy of the United General who was appointed by the Secretary ed States assessed contributions for the reg- States to bring to justice persons responsible General with the approval of the General As- ular United Nations budget shall be withheld for genocide, war crimes, crimes against hu- sembly and whose appointment was made from obligation and expenditure unless a manity and other serious violations of inter- principally on the basis of the appointee’s in- certification for that fiscal year has been national humanitarian law committed in the tegrity and demonstrated ability in account- made under paragraph (2). territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. ing, auditing, financial analysis, law, man- ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—The certification re- (2) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—The Congress agement analysis, public administration, or ferred to in paragraph (1) for any fiscal year urges the President— investigation. is a certification by the President to the (A) to collect or assist appropriate organi- ‘‘(3) The Inspector General is authorized Congress, submitted on or after the begin- zations and individuals to collect relevant to— ning of that fiscal year, that the procure- data on these crimes committed in the ‘‘(A) make investigations and reports re- ment regulations of the United Nations pro- former Yugoslavia; lating to the administration of the programs hibit punitive actions such as the suspension (B) to share such data with the War Crimes and operations of the United Nations; of contract eligibility for contractors who Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia estab- ‘‘(B) have access to all records, documents, challenge contract awards or complain about lished by the Security Council of the United and other available materials relating to delayed payments. Nations; those programs and operations; ‘‘(c) WITHHOLDING OF CONTRIBUTIONS RE- (C) to assist United Nations efforts to in- ‘‘(C) have direct and prompt access to any LATED TO ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED NA- vestigate, prosecute, and try those respon- official of the United Nations; and TIONS CONTRACT REVIEW PROCESS.— sible for genocide, war crimes, crimes ‘‘(D) have access to all records and officials ‘‘(1) WITHHOLDING OF ASSESSED CONTRIBU- against humanity and other serious viola- of the specialized agencies of the United Na- TIONS FOR REGULAR UNITED NATIONS BUDGET.— tions of international humanitarian law tions. For fiscal year 1998 and for each subsequent committed in the territory of the former ‘‘(4) The United Nations has fully imple- fiscal year, 10 percent of the amount of funds Yugoslavia since 1991; mented, and made available to all member made available for that fiscal year for Unit- (D) to submit to the Congress implement- states, procedures that effectively protect ed States assessed contributions for the reg- ing legislation to enable compliance with re- the identity of, and prevent reprisals ular United Nations budget shall be withheld quests and orders of the tribunal; and against, any staff member of the United Na- from obligation and expenditure unless a (E) to support the ongoing work of the Tri- tions making a complaint or disclosing in- certification for that fiscal year has been bunal through adequate financial contribu- formation to, or cooperating in any inves- made under paragraph (2). tions to the United Nations Voluntary Fund tigation or inspection by, the United Nations ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—The certification re- for the War Crimes Tribunal for the former Inspector General. ferred to in paragraph (1) for any fiscal year Yugoslavia for 1996 and 1997. ‘‘(5) The United Nations has fully imple- is a certification by the President to the (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Beginning 6 mented procedures that ensure compliance Congress, submitted on or after the begin- months after the date of enactment of this with recommendations of the United Nations ning of that fiscal year, that the United Na- Act, and every 6 months thereafter during Inspector General. tions has established a contract review proc- fiscal years 1996 and 1997, the President shall ‘‘(6) The United Nations has required the ess for contracts over $100,000 and a process submit a report describing the steps taken to United Nations Inspector General to issue an to assure unsuccessful bidders a timely op- implement the provisions of this section to annual report and has ensured that the an- portunity to challenge awards for contracts the appropriate congressional committees. nual report and all other reports of the In- over $100,000 such bidders consider to have SEC. 2603. EXPANSION OF COMMISSION ON SECU- spector General are made available to the RITY AND COOPERATION IN EU- been made improperly.’’. General Assembly without modification. ROPE. ‘‘(7) The United Nations has provided, and (c) PROCUREMENT INFORMATION.—Section Section 3(a) of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to is committed to providing, sufficient budg- 4(d) of the United Nations Participation Act establish a Commission on Security and Co- etary resources to ensure the effective oper- of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287b(d)), as amended by sec- operation in Europe’’, approved June 3, 1976 ation of the United Nations Inspector Gen- tion 407 of the Foreign Relations Authoriza- (22 U.S.C. 3003) is amended— eral.’’. tion Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public (1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘twenty- (b) WITHHOLDING OF CONTRIBUTIONS RELAT- Law 103-236) is amended in paragraph (2)(B) one’’ and inserting ‘‘twenty-nine’’; and ED TO CONTRACTING OF THE UNITED NA- by inserting before the period ‘‘, including (2) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and TIONS.—The United Nations Participation local procurement contracts’’. inserting the following: H 5430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 ‘‘(1) Thirteen Members of the House of Rep- mum conditions relating to nuclear non- procedures otherwise applicable to the provi- resentatives appointed by the Speaker of the proliferation: sion of such assistance for such purposes; and House of Representatives. Seven Members (1) All spent fuel from the graphite-mod- ‘‘(2) the President— shall be selected from the majority party erated nuclear reactors and related facilities ‘‘(A) notifies the congressional committees and six Members shall be selected, after of North Korea should be removed from the specified in section 634A(a) of this Act prior consulation with the minority leader of the territory of North Korea as is consistent to the obligation of such assistance in ac- House, from the minority party. with the Agreed Framework. cordance with the procedures applicable to ‘‘(2) Thirteen Members of the Senate ap- (2) The International Atomic Energy Agen- reprogramming notifications under that sec- pointed by the President of the Senate. cy should have the freedom to conduct any tion, irrespective of the amount of the pro- Seven Members shall be selected from the and all inspections that it deems necessary posed obligation of such assistance; and majority party of the Senate, after consulta- to fully account for the stocks of plutonium ‘‘(B) determines and reports to such com- tion with the majority leader, and six Mem- and other nuclear materials in North Korea, mittees that the provision of such assistance bers shall be selected, after consultation including special inspections of suspected is vital to the national interests of the Unit- with the minority leader of the Senate, from nuclear waste sites, before any nuclear com- ed States.’’. the minority party.’’. ponents controlled by the Nuclear Supplier (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Section 620G of the CHAPTER 2—RELATING TO THE UNITED Group Guidelines are delivered for a light Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by water reactor for North Korea. STATES-NORTH KOREA AGREED FRAME- subsection (a), applies with respect to assist- (3) The dismantlement of all declared WORK AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF ance provided to North Korea or the Korean graphite-based nuclear reactors and related NORTH KOREA UNDER THAT AND PRE- Peninsula Energy Development Organization facilities in North Korea, including reproc- VIOUS AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO on or after the date of the enactment of this essing units, should be completed in accord- THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF THE KO- Act. ance with the Agreed Framework and in a REAN PENINSULA AND DIALOGUE WITH CHAPTER 3—BURMA manner that effectively bars in perpetuity THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA any reactivation of such reactors and facili- SEC. 2651. UNITED STATES POLICY CONCERNING THE DICTATORSHIP IN BURMA. SEC. 2641. FINDINGS. ties. (a) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense The Congress makes the following findings: (4) The United States should suspend ac- of the Congress that the President should (1) The United States-Democratic People’s tions described in the Agreed Framework if take steps to encourage the United Nations Republic of Korea Agreed Framework (here- North Korea reloads its existing 5 megawatt Security Council to— after in this chapter referred to as the nuclear reactor or resumes construction of (1) impose an international arms embargo ‘‘Agreed Framework’’), entered into on Octo- nuclear facilities other than those permitted on Burma; ber 21, 1994, between the United States and to be built under the Agreed Framework. North Korea, requires North Korea to stop (2) affirm support for human rights and the SEC. 2643. ROLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA protection of all Karen, Karenni, and other and eventually dismantle its graphite-mod- UNDER THE AGREED FRAMEWORK. erated nuclear reactor program and related It is further the sense of the Congress that minorities in Burma; facilities, and comply fully with its obliga- the Republic of Korea should play the (3) condemn Burmese officials responsible tions under the Treaty on the Non-Prolifera- central role in the project to provide light for crimes against humanity; tion of Nuclear Weapons, in exchange for al- water reactors to North Korea under the (4) take steps to encourage multilateral as- ternative energy sources, including interim Agreed Framework. sistance programs for refugees from Burma in Thailand and India; and supplies of heavy fuel oil for electric genera- SEC. 2644. FURTHER STEPS TO PROMOTE UNITED tors and more proliferation-resistant light STATES SECURITY AND POLITICAL (5) reduce United Nations activities in water reactor technology. INTERESTS WITH RESPECT TO Burma, including UNDP (United Nations De- (2) The Agreed Framework also commits NORTH KOREA. velopment Program), UNICEF (United Na- North Korea to ‘‘consistently take steps to It is further the sense of the Congress that, tions Children’s Fund), UNFPA (United Na- implement the North-South Joint Declara- after the date of the enactment of this Act, tions Family Planning Agency), World tion on the Denuclearization of the Korean the President should not take further steps Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agri- Peninsula’’ and ‘‘engage in North-South’’ toward upgrading diplomatic relations with culture Organization (FAO), and UNIDCP dialogue with the Republic of Korea. North Korea beyond opening liaison offices (United Nations International Drug Control (3) The Agreed Framework does not indi- or relaxing trade and investment barriers Program) activities. cate specific criteria for full normalization imposed against North Korea without— (b) REDUCTION IN DIPLOMATIC PRESENCE.—It (1) action by the Government of North of relations between the United States and is the sense of the Congress that the Presi- Korea to engage in a North-South dialogue North Korea, and does not link the sequenc- dent should reduce the diplomatic presence with the Government of the Republic of ing of actions in the Agreed Framework with of the United States in Burma by reducing Korea; any time-frame for carrying out the provi- the total number of the members of the For- (2) significant progress toward implemen- sions of the North-South Joint Declaration eign Service stationed in Burma on the date tation of the North-South Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Pe- of enactment of this Act. on the Denuclearization of the Korean Pe- ninsula and carrying out the dialogue be- CHAPTER 4—TORTURE ninsula; and tween North Korea and the Republic of SEC. 2661. DEFINITIONS. (3) progress toward the achievement of sev- Korea. (a) TORTURE.—As used in this chapter, the eral long-standing United States policy ob- term ‘‘torture’’ means any act by which se- (4) The commitment by North Korea to jectives regarding North Korea and the Ko- carry out the letter and spirit of the Agreed rean Peninsula, including— vere pain or suffering, whether physical or Framework has been put into doubt by ac- (A) reducing the number of military forces mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person tions of North Korea since October 21, 1994, of North Korea along the Demilitarized Zone for such purposes as obtaining from the per- including the suspected diversion of United and relocating such military forces away son or a third person information or a con- States heavy fuel oil in apparent contraven- from the Demilitarized Zone; fession, punishing the person for an act the tion of the agreed purpose of the interim fuel (B) prohibiting any movement by North person or a third person has committed or is deliveries, the refusal to accept light water Korea toward the deployment of an inter- suspected of having committed, or intimi- reactors from the Republic of Korea, the mediate range ballistic missile system; and dating or coercing the person or a third per- harsh denunciations of the Government of (C) prohibiting the export by North Korea son, or for any reason based on discrimina- the Republic of Korea, and other actions con- of missiles and other weapons of mass de- tion of any kind, when such pain or suffering trary to the commitment by North Korea to struction, including related technology and is inflicted by, at the instigation of, or with engage in a dialogue with such Government, components. the consent or acquiescence of a public offi- and the continued conduct of provocative, of- SEC. 2645. RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE TO cial or other person acting in an official ca- fensive oriented military exercises. NORTH KOREA AND THE KOREAN pacity. It does not include pain or suffering (5) The nuclear threat posed by North PENINSULA ENERGY DEVELOPMENT arising only from, inherent in, or incidental Korea is just one of a number of security ORGANIZATION. to lawful sanctions. concerns of the United States arising out of Chapter 1 of part III of the Foreign Assist- (b) SUBSTANTIAL GROUNDS FOR BELIEVING.— the policies of North Korea. ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370 et seq.) is As used in this chapter, the term ‘‘substan- SEC. 2642. CLARIFICATION OF NUCLEAR NON- amended by adding at the end the following tial grounds for believing’’ means substan- PROLIFERATION OBLIGATIONS OF new section: tial evidence. NORTH KOREA UNDER THE AGREED ‘‘SEC. 620G. ASSISTANCE TO NORTH KOREA AND (c) IN DANGER OF BEING SUBJECTED TO TOR- FRAMEWORK. THE KOREAN PENINSULA ENERGY TURE.—As used in this chapter, the term ‘‘in It is the sense of the Congress that in dis- DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION. danger of being subjected to torture’’ means cussions or negotiations with the Govern- ‘‘No assistance may be provided under this circumstances in which a reasonable person ment of North Korea pursuant to the imple- Act or any other provision of law to North would fear subjection to torture. mentation of the United States-Democratic Korea or the Korean Peninsula Energy De- (d) INVOLUNTARILY RETURN.—As used in People’s Republic of Korea Agreed Frame- velopment Organization unless— this chapter, the term ‘‘involuntarily re- work entered into on October 21, 1994, the ‘‘(1) such assistance is provided in accord- turn’’ means to take action by which it is President should uphold the following mini- ance with all requirements, limitations, and reasonably foreseeable that a person will be May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5431 required to return to a country against the operate in defending democratic institutions (1) publicly condemn the continued exist- person’s will, regardless of whether such re- against activities which violate the inde- ence of the Laogai, and call upon the Gov- turn is induced by physical force and regard- pendence, sovereign equality, or territorial ernment of the People’s Republic of China to less of whether the person is physically integrity of the participating States’’. dismantle it, and release all of its political present in the United States. (10) The Helsinki Document 1992 reaffirms prisoners; and SEC. 2662. UNITED STATES POLICY WITH RE- ‘‘the validity of the guiding principles and (2) instruct the appropriate diplomatic rep- SPECT TO THE INVOLUNTARY RE- common values of the Helsinki Final Act and resentatives of the United States to cause a TURN OF PERSONS SUBJECTED TO the Charter of Paris, embodying responsibil- resolution condemning the Laogai to be put TORTURE. ities of States towards each other and of gov- before the United Nations Human Rights No funds authorized to be appropriated by ernments towards their own people’’ which Commission and work for its passage. this Act are authorized to be available to serve as the ‘‘collective conscience of our SEC. 2704. CONCERNING THE USE OF FUNDS TO expel, extradite, or otherwise involuntarily community’’. FURTHER NORMALIZE RELATIONS return a person to a country in which there (11) The Charter of the United Nations WITH VIETNAM. are substantial grounds for believing the per- calls upon Member states to respect the ter- It is the sense of the Congress that none of son would be in danger of being subjected to ritorial integrity and political independence the funds authorized to be appropriated or torture, or to support, promote, or assist of any state in keeping with the Purposes of otherwise made available by this Act may be such involuntary return. the United Nations. obligated or expended to further normalize TITLE XXVII—CONGRESSIONAL (12) The sovereign and independent state of diplomatic relations between the United STATEMENTS Bosnia-Herzegovina has been and continues States and Vietnam, until Vietnam— SEC. 2701. INTER-AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS. to be subjected to armed aggression Bosnian (1) releases all of its political and religious Taking into consideration the long-term Serb forces, Croatian Serb forces, and others prisoners; commitment by the United States to the af- in violation of Final Act and the Charter. (2) accounts for American POWs and MIAs fairs of this Hemisphere and the need to (13) Unchecked armed aggression and geno- from the ; build further upon the linkages between the cide threatens the lives of innocent civilians (3) holds democratic elections; and United States and its neighbors, the Sec- as well as the very existence of the sovereign (4) institutes policies which protect human retary of State, in allocating the level of re- and independent state of Bosnia- rights. sources for international organizations, Herzegovina. SEC. 2705. DECLARATION OF CONGRESS REGARD- ING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT should pay particular attention to funding (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of levels of the Inter-American organizations. HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY TOWARD the Congress that the United States should CHINA. SEC. 2702. TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF BOSNIA refuse to recognize the incorporation of any (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- AND HERZEGOVINA. of the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina into (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- lowing findings: the territory of any neighboring state or the (1) According to the 1994 State Department lowing findings: creation of any new state or states within (1) The sovereign and independent state of Country Reports on Human Rights Practices the borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina resulting Bosnia-Herzegovina was formally recognized there continue to be ‘‘widespread and well- from the threat or use of force, coercion, or by the United States of America on April 7, documented human rights abuses in China, any other means inconsistent with inter- 1992. in violation of internationally accepted national law. (2) The sovereign and independent state of norms . . . (including) arbitrary and lengthy Bosnia-Herzegovina was admitted as a full SEC. 2703. THE LAOGAI SYSTEM OF POLITICAL incommunicado detention, torture, and mis- participating State of the Conference on Se- PRISONS. treatment of prisoners. The regime contin- curity and Cooperation in Europe on April (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- ued severe restrictions on freedoms of 30, 1992. lowing findings: speech, press assembly and association, and (3) The sovereign and independent state of (1) The Chinese gulag, known as the tightened controls on the exercise of these Bosnia-Herzegovina was admitted as a Mem- Laogai, was created as a primary means of rights during 1994. Serious human rights ber state of the United Nations on May 22, political repression and control when the abuses persisted in Tibet and other areas 1992. Communists assumed power in China in 1949. populated by ethnic minorities’’. (4) The United States has declared its de- (2) The Laogai has caused millions of peo- (2) The President, in announcing his deci- termination to respect and put into practice ple to suffer grave human rights abuses over sion on Most Favored Nation trading status the Declaration on Principles Guiding Rela- the past 46 years, including countless deaths. for China in May 1994 stated that, ‘‘China tions between Participating States con- (3) The Laogai continues to be used to in- continues to commit very serious human tained in the Final Act of the Conference on carcerate unknown numbers of ordinary citi- rights abuses. Even as we engage the Chinese Security and Cooperation in Europe. zens for political reasons, including workers, on military, political, and economic issues, (5) Each of the principles has been violated students, intellectuals, religious believers, we intend to stay engaged with those in during the course of war in Bosnia- and Tibetans. China who suffer from human rights abuses. Herzegovina: sovereign equality and respect (4) So-called ‘‘thought reform’’ is a stand- The United States must remain a champion for the rights inherent in sovereignty, re- ard practice of Laogai officials, and reports of their liberties’’. fraining from the threat or use of force; in- of torture are routinely received by human (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of violability of frontiers; territorial integrity rights organizations from Laogai prisoners the Congress that the President should take of States; peaceful settlement of disputes; and survivors. the following actions: nonintervention in internal affairs; respect (5) Negotiations about unfettered access to (1) Decline the invitation to visit China for human rights and fundamental freedoms, Laogai prisoners between the Chinese Gov- until and unless there is dramatic overall including the freedom of thought, con- ernment and the International Red Cross progress on human rights in China and Tibet science, religion or belief; equal rights and have ceased. and communicate to the Government of self-determination of peoples; cooperation (6) The Laogai is in reality a huge system China that such a visit cannot take place among States; and fulfillment in good faith of forced labor camps in which political and without such progress. Indications of overall of obligations under international law. penal criminals are slave laborers producing progress would include the release of hun- (6) Principle II of the Final Act commits an array of products for export throughout dreds of political, religious, and labor activ- the participating States to ‘‘refrain from any the world, including the United States. ists; an agreement to allow unhindered con- manifestation of force for the purpose of in- (7) The Chinese Government continues to fidential access to prisoners by international ducing another participating State to re- maintain, as part of its official propaganda humanitarian agencies; enactment of major nounce the full exercise of its sovereign and in defiance of significant evidence to the legal reforms such as an end to all restric- rights’’. contrary gathered by many human rights or- tions on the exercise of freedom of religion, (7) Principle III of the Final Act commits ganizations, that the Laogai is a prison sys- revocation of the 1993 state security law, and the participating States to ‘‘refrain from any tem like any other in the world. the abolition of all so-called ‘‘counter-revo- demand for, or act of, seizure and usurpation (8) Testimony delivered before the Sub- lutionary’’ crimes; an end to forced abortion, of part or all of the territory of any partici- committee on International Operations and forced sterilization, and the provision by pating State’’. Human Rights of the Committee on Inter- government facilities of human fetal re- (8) Principle IV of the Final Act commits national Relations of the House of Rep- mains for consumption as food; and a deci- the participating States to ‘‘respect the ter- resentatives has documented human rights sion to allow unrestricted access to Tibet by ritorial integrity of each of the participating abuses in the Laogai which continue to this foreign media and international human States’’ and ‘‘refrain from any action incon- day. rights monitors. sistent with the purposes and principles of (9) The American people have repeatedly (2) Seek to develop an agreement on a mul- the Charter of the United Nations against expressed their abhorrence of forced labor tilateral strategy to promote human rights the territorial integrity, political independ- camps systems, whether they be operated by in China with other members of the G–7, be- ence or the unity of any participating the Nazis, Soviet Communists, or any other ginning with the meeting of the G–7 indus- State’’. political ideology. trial partners scheduled for June 1995 in (9) The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Such an agreement commits the participating States ‘‘to co- the Congress that the President should— should include efforts to encourage greater H 5432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 cooperation by the Government of China report on the status of Chinese Government internationally recognized human rights by with the human rights rapporteurs and compliance with United States laws prohib- the Government of Indonesia; working groups of the United Nations iting the importation into the United States (2) in its bilateral relations with the Gov- Human Rights Commission, as well as bilat- of forced labor products, including (but not ernment of Indonesia, the United States eral and multilateral initiatives to secure limited to) a complete assessment and report should place a high priority on public and the unconditional release of imprisoned on the implementation of the Memorandum private efforts to urge the Government of In- peaceful pro-democracy advocates such as of Understanding signed by the United donesia to take specific steps to remove re- Wei Jingsheng. States and China in 1992. The report shall in- strictions of freedom of expression and asso- (3) Instruct the United States delegates to clude (but not be limited to) the following: ciation, to allow freedom of the press, to the United Nations Fourth World Conference (A) All efforts made by the United States allow freedom of religion, to end arbitrary on Women in September 1995 to vigorously Customs Service from 1992 until the date of arrests and torture and ill-treatment, to and publicly support nongovernmental orga- the report to investigate forced labor exports cease official attacks on nongovernmental nizations that may be subjected to harass- and to conduct unannounced unrestricted in- organizations, to end the widespread denial spections of suspected forced labor sites in ment or to restrictions or limitations on of worker rights, and to hold members of the China, and the extent to which Chinese au- their activities, access to the media, or to military accountable for human rights thorities cooperated with such investiga- channels of communication during the con- abuses; tions. ference by the Government of China and to (3) with respect to the situation in East (B) Recommendations of what further protest publicly and privately any actions by Timor, the United States should call on the the Government of China aimed at punishing steps might be taken to enhance United Government of Indonesia to make public the or repressing Chinese citizens who seek to States effectiveness in prohibiting forced complete findings of the investigations into peacefully express their views or commu- labor exports to the United States from the killings of unarmed civilians in Liquica nicate with foreign citizens or media during China. on January 12, 1995, including the reports of or following the United Nations Conference. SEC. 2706. CONCERNING THE UNITED NATIONS the Army Council of Military Honor and the (4) Extend an invitation to the Dalai Lama VOLUNTARY FUND FOR VICTIMS OF to visit Washington, District of Columbia, in TORTURE. findings of the National Human Rights Com- 1995. It is the sense of the Congress that the mission, and that those responsible for the killings be identified and brought to justice; (c) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT HUMAN President, acting through the United States RIGHTS POLICY TOWARD CHINA.—It shall be Permanent Representative to the United Na- (4) the United States should continue to the policy of the United States Government tions, should— press the Government of Indonesia to fully to continue to promote internationally rec- (1) request the United Nations Voluntary comply with the 1994 and 1995 recommenda- ognized human rights and worker rights in Fund for Victims of Torture— tions of the United Nations Human Rights China and Tibet. The President shall submit (A) to find new ways to support and protect Commission regarding the need for a full ac- the following reports on the formulation and treatment centers that are carrying out re- counting of the Dili incident of November implementation of United States human habilitative services for victims of torture; 1991; rights policy toward China and the results of and (5) the United States should urge the Gov- that policy to the International Relations (B) to encourage the development of new ernment of Indonesia to allow independent Committee of the House of Representatives : such centers; human rights monitoring organizations and (1) Not later than 90 days after the date of (2) use the voice and vote of the United foreign journalists unhindered access to East enactment of this Act, the President shall States to support the work of the Special Timor; report on the status of the ‘‘new United Rapporteur on Torture and the Committee (6) the United States should urge the Gov- States Human Rights Policy for China’’ an- Against Torture established under the Con- ernment of Indonesia to respect free practice nounced by the President on May 26, 1994, in- vention Against Torture and Other Cruel, In- of religion, including Christianity, in Indo- cluding an assessment of the implementa- human or Degrading Treatment or Punish- nesia, including East Timor; and tion and effectiveness of the policy in bring- ment; and (7) the President should instruct the Unit- ing about human rights improvements in (3) use the voice and vote of the United ed States delegates to the annual Indonesia China and Tibet, with reference to the fol- States to establish a country rapporteur or aid consortium donor meeting in July 1995 to lowing specific initiatives announced on that similar procedural mechanism to investigate again raise concerns about human rights vio- date: human rights violations in a country if ei- lations in Indonesia, including restrictions of (A) High-level dialogue on human rights. ther the Special Rapporteur or the Commit- freedom of the press, attacks on nongovern- (B) Voluntary principles in the area of tee Against Torture indicates that a system- mental organizations, and widespread viola- human rights for United States businesses atic practice of torture is prevalent in that tions of human rights in East Timor. operating in China. country. (C) Increased contact with and support for SEC. 2707. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESI- SEC. 2711. DISPLACED PERSONS. groups and individuals in China promoting DENT FOR REFORM OF WAR POW- It is the sense of the Congress that of the ERS RESOLUTION. law reform and human rights. It is the sense of the Congress that the amounts made available to the United Na- (D) Increased exchanges to support human President should transmit to the Congress tions Development Program (and United Na- rights law reform in China. recommendations for reform of the War Pow- tions Development Program-Administered (E) The practice of all United States offi- ers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.) in order Funds), at least $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 cials who visit China to meet with the broad- to permit the Congress and the President to and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 should be est possible spectrum of Chinese citizens. more effectively fulfill their constitutional available for programs and services con- (F) Increased efforts to press United States responsibilities with respect to the deploy- ducted in cooperation with the International views on human rights in China at the Unit- ment of United States Armed Forces abroad. Organization for Migration, the Inter- ed Nations, the United Nations Human national Committee for the Red Cross, and Rights Commission, and other international SEC. 2708. CONFLICT IN KASHMIR. It is the sense of the Congress that the nongovernmental organizations, for persons organizations. United States reiterates the need for all par- who are displaced within their countries of (G) A plan of international actions to ad- ties to the conflict in Kashmir to enter into nationality. dress Tibet’s human rights problems and to negotiations and resolve the conflict peace- promote substantive discussions between the DIVISION C—FOREIGN ASSISTANCE fully. The Congress urges the executive Dalai Lama and the Chinese Government. AUTHORIZATIONS branch to work with all parties to facilitate (H) Efforts to use the 1995 United Nations a peaceful negotiated settlement of the Women’s Conference in Beijing to expand SEC. 3001. SHORT TITLE. Kashmir conflict. freedoms of speech, association, and assem- This division may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign bly, as well as the rights of women, in China. SEC. 2709. UNITED STATES RELATIONS WITH THE Aid Reduction Act of 1995’’. FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF (I) An information strategy for promoting MACEDONIA (FYROM). SEC. 3002. DECLARATION OF POLICY. human rights by expanding Chinese and Ti- It is the sense of the Congress that the betan language broadcasts on the Voice of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia The Congress declares the following: America and establishing Radio Free Asia. (FYROM) should be eligible for all United (1) United States leadership overseas must (J) Encouraging the Chinese Government States foreign assistance programs, includ- be maintained to support our vital national to permit international human rights groups ing programs of the Export-Import Bank and security, economic, and humanitarian inter- to operate in and visit China. the Overseas Private Investment Corpora- ests. The report required by this paragraph shall tion, if the government continues to respect (2) As part of this leadership, United States also assess the progress, if any, of the Peo- the rights of all ethnic minorities. foreign assistance programs are essential to ple’s Republic of China toward ending forced SEC. 2710. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS RELATING support these national interests. abortion, forced sterilization, and other coer- TO INDONESIA. (3) However, United States foreign assist- cive population control practices. It is the sense of the Congress that— ance programs can be responsibly reduced (2) Not later than 120 days after the date of (1) the United States should continue to while maintaining United States leadership enactment of this Act, the President shall urge progress in promotion and protection of overseas. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5433 TITLE XXXI—DEFENSE AND SECURITY 2763), not less than $1,300,000,000 for each (22 U.S.C. 2763), as amended by this Act, is ASSISTANCE such fiscal year shall be available only for further amended by adding at the end the CHAPTER 1—MILITARY AND RELATED Egypt. following new subsection: ASSISTANCE (b) TERMS OF ASSISTANCE.—The assistance ‘‘(i) Funds made available to carry out this provided for Egypt for each fiscal year under section may not be used to facilitate the Subchapter A—Foreign Military Financing subsection (a) shall be provided on a grant transport of aircraft to commercial arms Program basis. sales shows.’’. SEC. 3101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. SEC. 3105. LOANS FOR GREECE AND TURKEY. (d) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT WITH RE- There are authorized to be appropriated for Of the amounts made available for fiscal SPECT TO CASH FLOW FINANCING.—Section 23 grant assistance under section 23 of the year 1996 under section 23 of the Arms Export of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), as amended by Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763) and Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763)— this Act, is further amended by adding at the for the subsidy cost, as defined in section (1) not more than $26,620,000 shall be made end the following new subsection: 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of available for the subsidy cost, as defined in ‘‘(j)(1) For each country and international 1990, of direct loans under such section— section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform organization that has been approved for cash (1) $3,284,440,000 for fiscal year 1996; and Act of 1990, of direct loans for Greece; and flow financing under this section, any letter (2) $3,240,020,000 for fiscal year 1997. (2) not more than $37,800,000 shall be made of offer and acceptance or other purchase SEC. 3102. ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. available for such subsidy cost of direct agreement, or any amendment thereto, for a Of the amounts made available for fiscal loans for Turkey. procurement of defense articles, defense years 1996 and 1997 for assistance under the SEC. 3106. TERMS OF LOANS. services, or design and construction services ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’ ac- Section 31(c) of the Arms Export Control in excess of $100,000,000 that is to be financed count under section 23 of the Arms Export Act (22 U.S.C. 2771(c)) is amended to read as in whole or in part with funds made avail- Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), not more than follows: able under this Act or the Foreign Assist- $24,020,000 for each such fiscal year may be ‘‘(c) Loans available under section 23 shall ance Act of 1961 shall be submitted to the made available for necessary expenses for be provided at rates of interest that are not congressional committees specified in sec- the general costs of administration of mili- less than the current average market yield tion 634A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of tary assistance and sales, including expenses on outstanding marketable obligations of 1961 in accordance with the procedures appli- incurred in purchasing passenger motor vehi- the United States of comparable matu- cable to reprogramming notifications under cles for replacement for use outside the Unit- rities.’’. that section. ed States. ‘‘(2) For purposes of this subsection, the SEC. 3107. NONREPAYMENT OF GRANT ASSIST- SEC. 3103. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL. ANCE. term ‘cash flow financing’ has the meaning (a) MINIMUM ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts Section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act given such term in the second subsection (d) made available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 (22 U.S.C. 2763) is amended by adding at the of section 25.’’. for assistance under the ‘‘Foreign Military end the following new subsection: (e) LIMITATIONS ON USE OF FUNDS FOR DI- Financing Program’’ account under section ‘‘(f) Notwithstanding any other provision RECT COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS.—Section 23 of 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. of this section, the President shall not re- such Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), as amended by this 2763), not less than $1,800,000,000 for each quire repayment of any assistance provided Act, is further amended by adding at the end such fiscal year shall be available only for on a grant basis under this section to a for- the following new subsection: Israel. eign country or international organization.’’. ‘‘(k) Of the amounts made available for a fiscal year to carry out this section, not (b) TERMS OF ASSISTANCE.— SEC. 3108. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. more than $100,000,000 for such fiscal year (1) GRANT BASIS.—The assistance provided (a) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR PROCURE- may be made available for countries other for Israel for each fiscal year under sub- MENT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES, SERVICES, AND than Israel and Egypt for the purpose of fi- section (a) shall be provided on a grant basis. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES NOT nancing the procurement of defense articles, (2) EXPEDITED DISBURSEMENT.—Such assist- SOLD BY U.S. GOVERNMENT.—Section 23 of defense services, and design and construction ance shall be disbursed— the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), services that are not sold by the United (A) with respect to fiscal year 1996, not as amended by this Act, is further amended States Government under this Act.’’. later than 30 days after the date of the enact- by adding at the end the following new sub- (f) USE OF FUNDS FOR DEMINING ACTIVI- ment of the Foreign Operations, Export Fi- section: TIES.—Section 23 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), nancing, and Related Programs Appropria- ‘‘(g) Funds made available to carry out as amended by this Act, is further amended tions Act, 1996, or by October 31, 1995, which- this section for a fiscal year may be made by adding at the end the following new sub- ever is later; and available to a foreign country or inter- section: (B) with respect to fiscal year 1997, not national organization for the purpose of fi- later than 30 days after the date of the enact- ‘‘(l) Notwithstanding any other provision nancing the procurement of defense articles, of law, funds made available to carry out ment of the Foreign Operations, Export Fi- defense services, and design and construction nancing, and Related Programs Appropria- this section may be used for demining activi- services that are not sold by the United ties, and may include activities implemented tions Act, 1997, or by October 31, 1996, which- States Government under this Act only— ever is later. through nongovernmental and international ‘‘(1) with respect to a country that is a organizations.’’. (3) ADVANCED WEAPONS SYSTEMS.—To the member country of the North Atlantic Orga- extent that the Government of Israel re- nization, a major non-NATO ally, or Jordan Subchapter B—Other Assistance quests that funds be used for such purposes, for which assistance was justified under this SEC. 3121. DEFENSE DRAWDOWN SPECIAL AU- funds described in subsection (a) shall, as section in the annual congressional presen- THORITIES. agreed by the Government of Israel and the tation documents under section 634 of the (a) UNFORESEEN EMERGENCY DRAWDOWN.— Government of the United States, be avail- Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for that fiscal Section 506(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance able for advanced weapons systems, of which year; and Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)(1)) is amended not less than $475,000,000 for each fiscal year ‘‘(2) if such country or international orga- by striking ‘‘$75,000,000’’ and inserting shall be available only for procurement in Is- nization enters into an agreement with the ‘‘$100,000,000’’. rael of defense articles and defense services, United States Government that specifies the (b) ADDITIONAL DRAWDOWN.—Section 506 of including research and development. terms and conditions under which such pro- such Act (22 U.S.C. 2318) is amended— (c) FOREIGN MILITARY SALES.—Section curements shall be financed with such (1) in subsection (a)(2)(A), by striking ‘‘de- 21(h) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 funds.’’. fense articles from the stocks’’ and all that U.S.C. 2761(h)) is amended— (b) AUDIT OF CERTAIN PRIVATE FIRMS.—Sec- follows and inserting the following: ‘‘articles (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ‘‘or the tion 23 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2763), as amend- and services from the inventory and re- Government of Israel’’ after ‘‘North Atlantic ed by this Act, is further amended by adding sources of any agency of the United States Treaty Organization’’; and at the end the following new subsection: Government and military education and (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘or to any ‘‘(h) For each fiscal year, the Secretary of training from the Department of Defense, member government of that Organization if Defense, as requested by the Director of the the President may direct the drawdown of that Organization or member government’’ Defense Security Assistance Agency, shall such articles, services, and military edu- and inserting ‘‘, any member government of conduct audits on a nonreimbursable basis of cation and training— that Organization, or the Government of Is- private firms that have entered into con- ‘‘(i) for the purposes and under the authori- rael, if the Organization, member govern- tracts with foreign governments under which ties of— ment, or Government of Israel, as the case defense articles, defense services, or design ‘‘(I) chapter 8 of part I (relating to inter- may be,’’. and construction services are to be procured national narcotics control assistance); SEC. 3104. ASSISTANCE FOR EGYPT. by such firms for such governments from fi- ‘‘(II) chapter 9 of part I (relating to inter- (a) MINIMUM ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts nancing under this section for such fiscal national disaster assistance); or made available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 year.’’. ‘‘(III) the Migration and Refugee Assist- for assistance under the ‘‘Foreign Military (c) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR THE ance Act of 1962; or Financing Program’’ account under section TRANSPORT OF AIRCRAFT TO COMMERCIAL ‘‘(ii) for the purpose of providing such arti- 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. ARMS SALES SHOWS.—Section 23 of such Act cles, services, and military education and H 5434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 training to Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos as SEC. 3123. TRANSFER OF EXCESS DEFENSE ARTI- ‘‘(B) the recipient is a developing country the President determines are necessary— CLES. receiving less than $10,000,000 of assistance ‘‘(I) to support efforts to locate and repa- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 516 of the Foreign under chapter 5 of part II of this Act (relat- triate members of the United States Armed Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321j) is ing to international military education and Forces and civilians employed directly or in- amended to read as follows: training) or section 23 of the Arms Export directly by the United States Government ‘‘SEC. 516. AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER EXCESS DE- Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763; relating to the who remain unaccounted for from the Viet- FENSE ARTICLES. Foreign Military Financing program) in the nam War; and ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is au- fiscal year in which the transportation is ‘‘(II) to ensure the safety of United States thorized to transfer excess defense articles provided; Government personnel engaged in such coop- under this section to countries for which re- ‘‘(C) the total weight of the transfer does erative efforts and to support Department of ceipt of such articles was justified pursuant not exceed 25,000 pounds; and Defense-sponsored humanitarian projects as- to the annual congressional presentation ‘‘(D) such transportation is accomplished sociated with such efforts.’’; documents for military assistance programs, on a space available basis. (2) in subsection (a)(2)(B), by striking or for programs under chapter 8 of part I of ‘‘(f) ADVANCE NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS ‘‘$75,000,000’’ and all that follows and insert- this Act, submitted under section 634 of this FOR TRANSFER OF CERTAIN EXCESS DEFENSE ing ‘‘$150,000,000 in any fiscal year of such ar- Act, or for which receipt of such articles was ARTICLES.— ticles, services, and military education and separately justified, for the fiscal year in ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may not training may be provided pursuant to sub- which the transfer is authorized. transfer excess defense articles that are sig- nificant military equipment (as defined in paragraph (A) of this paragraph— ‘‘(b) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The section 47(9) of the Arms Export Control Act) ‘‘(i) not more than $75,000,000 of which may President may transfer excess defense arti- or excess defense articles valued (in terms of be provided from the drawdown from the in- cles under this section only if— original acquisition cost) at $7,000,000 or ventory and resources of the Department of ‘‘(1) such articles are drawn from existing more, under this section or under the Arms Defense; stocks of the Department of Defense; Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) ‘‘(ii) not more than $75,000,000 of which ‘‘(2) funds available to the Department of until 15 days after the date on which the may be provided pursuant to clause (i)(I) of Defense for the procurement of defense President has provided notice of the pro- such subparagraph; and equipment are not expended in connection posed transfer to the congressional commit- ‘‘(iii) not more than $15,000,000 of which with the transfer; tees specified in section 634A(a) in accord- may be provided to Vietnam, Cambodia, and ‘‘(3) the transfer of such articles will not ance with procedures applicable to Laos pursuant to clause (ii) of such subpara- have an adverse impact on the military read- reprogramming notifications under that sec- graph.’’; and iness of the United States; tion. (3) in subsection (b)(1), by adding at the ‘‘(4) with respect to a proposed transfer of ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—Such notification shall in- end the following: ‘‘In the case of drawdowns such articles on a grant basis, such a trans- clude— authorized by subclauses (I) and (III) of sub- fer is preferable to a transfer on a sales ‘‘(A) a statement outlining the purposes section (a)(2)(A)(i), notifications shall be pro- basis, after taking into account the potential for which the article is being provided to the vided to those committees at least 15 days in proceeds from, and likelihood of, such sales, country, including whether such article has advance in accordance with the procedures and the comparative foreign policy benefits been previously provided to such country; applicable to reprogramming notifications that may accrue to the United States as the ‘‘(B) an assessment of the impact of the under section 634A.’’. result of a transfer on either a grant or sales transfer on the military readiness of the (c) NOTICE TO CONGRESS OF EXERCISE OF basis; United States; SPECIAL AUTHORITIES.—Section 652 of such ‘‘(5) the President determines that the ‘‘(C) an assessment of the impact of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2411) is amended by striking transfer of such articles will not have an ad- transfer on the national technology and in- ‘‘prior to the date’’ and inserting ‘‘before’’. verse impact on the national technology and dustrial base, and particularly, the impact SEC. 3122. STOCKPILES OF DEFENSE ARTICLES. industrial base, and particularly, will not re- on opportunities of entities in the national duce the opportunities of entities in the na- (a) LIMITATION ON VALUE OF ADDITIONS.— technology and industrial base to sell new or tional technology and industrial base to sell Section 514(b)(1) of the Foreign Assistance used equipment to the countries to which new or used equipment to the countries to Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(1)) is amended such articles are to be transferred; and which such articles are transferred; and by inserting ‘‘or in the implementation of ‘‘(D) a statement describing the current ‘‘(6) the transfer of such articles is consist- agreements with Israel’’ after ‘‘North Atlan- value of such article and the value of such ent with the policy framework for the East- tic Treaty Organization’’. article at acquisition. ern Mediterranean established under section (b) ADDITIONS IN FISCAL YEARS 1996 AND ‘‘(g) AGGREGATE ANNUAL LIMITATION.—The 1997.—Section 514(b)(2) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 620C of this Act. aggregate value of excess defense articles 2321h(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows: ‘‘(c) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.— transferred to countries under this section in ‘‘(2)(A) The value of such additions to ‘‘(1) NO COST TO RECIPIENT COUNTRY.—Ex- any fiscal year may not exceed $350,000,000. stockpiles of defense articles in foreign coun- cess defense articles may be transferred ‘‘(h) CONGRESSIONAL PRESENTATION DOCU- tries shall not exceed $50,000,000 for each of under this section without cost to the recipi- MENTS.—Documents described in subsection the fiscal years 1996 and 1997. ent country. (a) justifying the transfer of excess defense ‘‘(B) Of the amount specified in subpara- ‘‘(2) PRIORITY.—Notwithstanding any other articles shall include an explanation of the graph (A) for each of the fiscal years 1996 and provision of law, the delivery of excess de- general purposes of providing excess defense 1997, not more than $40,000,000 may be made fense articles under this section to member articles as well as a table which provides an available for stockpiles in the Republic of countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga- aggregate annual total of transfers of excess Korea and not more than $10,000,000 may be nization (NATO) on the southern and south- defense articles in the preceding year by made available for stockpiles in Thailand.’’. eastern flank of NATO and to major non- country in terms of offers and actual deliv- (c) LOCATION OF STOCKPILES OF DEFENSE NATO allies on such southern and southeast- eries and in terms of acquisition cost and ARTICLES.—Section 514(c) of such Act (22 ern flank shall be given priority to the maxi- current value. Such table shall indicate U.S.C. 2321h(c)) is amended to read as fol- mum extent feasible over the delivery of whether such excess defense articles were lows: such excess defense articles to other coun- provided on a grant or sale basis. ‘‘(c) LOCATION OF STOCKPILES OF DEFENSE tries. ‘‘(i) EXCESS COAST GUARD PROPERTY.—For ARTICLES.— ‘‘(d) WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR REIM- purposes of this section, the term ‘excess de- ‘‘(1) LIMITATION.—Except as provided in BURSEMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EX- fense articles’ shall be deemed to include ex- paragraph (2), no stockpile of defense arti- PENSES.—Section 632(d) shall not apply with cess property of the Coast Guard, and the cles may be located outside the boundaries of respect to transfers of excess defense articles term ‘Department of Defense’ shall be a United States military base or a military (including transportation and related costs) deemed, with respect to such excess prop- base used primarily by the United States. under this section. erty, to include the Coast Guard.’’. ‘‘(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Paragraph (1) shall not ‘‘(e) TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— apply with respect to stockpiles of defense COSTS.— (1) ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT.—Section articles located in the Republic of Korea, ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 21(k) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 Thailand, any country that is a member of paragraph (2), funds available to the Depart- U.S.C. 2761(k)) is amended by striking ‘‘the the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, any ment of Defense may not be expended for President shall’’ and all that follows and in- country that is a major non-NATO ally, or crating, packing, handling, and transpor- serting the following: ‘‘the President shall any other country the President may des- tation of excess defense articles transferred determine that the sale of such articles will ignate. At least 15 days before designating a under the authority of this section. not have an adverse impact on the national country pursuant to the last clause of the ‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—The President may pro- technology and industrial base, and particu- preceding sentence, the President shall no- vide for the transportation of excess defense larly, will not reduce the opportunities of en- tify the congressional committees specified articles without charge to a country for the tities in the national technology and indus- in section 634A(a) in accordance with the costs of such transportation if— trial base to sell new or used equipment to procedures applicable to reprogramming no- ‘‘(A) it is determined that it is in the na- the countries to which such articles are tifications under that section.’’. tional interest of the United States to do so; transferred.’’. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5435

(2) REPEALS.—The following provisions of and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 to carry SEC. 3162. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. law are hereby repealed: out chapter 8 of part II of the Foreign Assist- (a) POLICY AND GENERAL AUTHORITIES.— (A) Section 502A of the Foreign Assistance ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349aa et seq.). Section 481(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2303). (b) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts (22 U.S.C. 2291(a)) is amended— (B) Sections 517 through 520 of the Foreign authorized to be appropriated under sub- (1) in paragraph (1)— Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321k section (a) are authorized to remain avail- (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through 2321n). able until expended. through (F) as subparagraphs (E) through (C) Section 31(d) of the Arms Export Con- (G), respectively; and SEC. 3152. ANTITERRORISM TRAINING ASSIST- (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2771(d)). ANCE. SEC. 3124. NONLETHAL EXCESS DEFENSE ARTI- following new subparagraph: (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 571 of the Foreign ‘‘(D) International criminal activities, par- CLES FOR ALBANIA. Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2349aa) is Notwithstanding section 516(e) of the For- ticularly international narcotics trafficking, amended by striking ‘‘Subject to the provi- money laundering, and corruption, endanger eign Assistance Act of 1961, during each of sions of this chapter’’ and inserting ‘‘Not- the fiscal years 1996 and 1997, funds available political and economic stability and demo- withstanding any other provision of law that cratic development, and assistance for the to the Department of Defense may be ex- restricts assistance to foreign countries pended for crating, packing, handling, and prevention and suppression of international (other than sections 502B and 620A of this criminal activities should be a priority for transportation of nonlethal excess defense Act)’’. articles transferred under the authority of the United States.’’; and (b) LIMITATIONS.—Section 573 of such Act section 516 of such Act to Albania. (2) in paragraph (4), by adding before the (22 U.S.C. 2349aa–2) is amended— period at the end the following: ‘‘, or for CHAPTER 2—INTERNATIONAL MILITARY (1) in the heading, by striking ‘‘specific au- other related anticrime purposes’’. EDUCATION AND TRAINING thorities and’’; (b) CONTRIBUTIONS AND REIMBURSEMENT.— SEC. 3141. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. (2) by striking subsection (a); Section 482(c) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2291a(c)) There are authorized to be appropriated (3) by redesignating subsections (b) is amended— $39,781,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 through (f) as subsections (a) through (e), re- (1) by striking ‘‘CONTRIBUTION BY RECIPIENT and 1997 to carry out chapter 5 of part II of spectively; and COUNTRY.—To’’ and inserting ‘‘CONTRIBU- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. (4) in subsection (c) (as redesignated)— TIONS AND REIMBURSEMENT.—(1) To’’; and 2347 et seq.). (A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2); (2) by adding at the end the following new SEC. 3142. ASSISTANCE FOR INDONESIA. (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) paragraphs: Funds made available for fiscal years 1996 through (5) as paragraphs (1) through (3), re- ‘‘(2)(A) The President is authorized to ac- and 1997 to carry out chapter 5 of part II of spectively; and cept contributions from other foreign gov- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. (C) by amending paragraph (2) (as redesig- ernments to carry out the purposes of this 2347 et seq.) may be obligated for Indonesia nated) to read as follows: chapter. Such contributions shall be depos- only for expanded military and education ‘‘(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph ited as an offsetting collection to the appli- training that meets the requirements of (B), funds made available to carry out this cable appropriation account and may be used clauses (i) through (iv) of the second sen- chapter shall not be made available for the under the same terms and conditions as tence of section 541 of such Act (22 U.S.C. procurement of weapons and ammunition. funds appropriated pursuant to this chapter. ‘‘(B) At the time of submission of the an- 2347). ‘‘(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to nual congressional presentation documents small arms and ammunition in categories I SEC. 3143. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. required by section 634(a), the President (a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—Section 541 of and III of the United States Munitions List shall provide a detailed report on any con- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. that are integrally and directly related to tributions received in the preceding fiscal 2347) is amended in the second sentence in antiterrorism training provided under this year, the amount of such contributions, and the matter preceding clause (i) by inserting chapter if, at least 15 days before obligating the purposes for which such contributions ‘‘and individuals who are not members of the those funds, the President notifies the appro- were used. government’’ after ‘‘legislators’’. priate congressional committees specified in ‘‘(3) The President is authorized to provide (b) TEST PILOT EXCHANGE TRAINING.—Sec- section 634A of this Act in accordance with assistance under this chapter on a reimburs- tion 544 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2347c) is the procedures applicable to reprogramming able basis. Such reimbursements shall be de- amended— notifications under such section. posited as an offsetting collection to the ap- (1) by striking ‘‘In carrying out this chap- ‘‘(C) The value (in terms of original acqui- plicable appropriation and may be used ter’’ and inserting ‘‘(a) In carrying out this sition cost) of all equipment and commod- under the same terms and conditions as chapter’’; and ities provided under this chapter in any fis- funds appropriated pursuant to this chap- (2) by adding at the end the following new cal year may not exceed 25 percent of the ter.’’. subsection: funds made available to carry out this chap- (c) IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ‘‘(b) The President may provide for the at- ter for that fiscal year.’’. ASSISTANCE.—Section 482 of such Act (22 tendance of foreign military and civilian de- (c) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 574 of such U.S.C. 2291a) is amended by adding at the end fense personnel at test pilot flight schools in Act (22 U.S.C. 2349aa–3) is hereby repealed. the following new subsections: the United States without charge, and with- (d) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.—Section 575 ‘‘(f) TREATMENT OF FUNDS.—Funds trans- out charge to funds available to carry out (22 U.S.C. 2349aa–4) and section 576 (22 U.S.C. ferred to and consolidated with funds appro- this chapter (notwithstanding section 632(d) 2349aa–5) of such Act are redesignated as sec- priated pursuant to this chapter may be of this Act), if such attendance is pursuant tions 574 and 575, respectively. made available on such terms and conditions to an agreement providing for the exchange as are applicable to funds appropriated pur- SEC. 3153. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EX- suant to this chapter. Funds so transferred of students on a one-for-one basis each fiscal PENSES. year between those United States test pilot or consolidated shall be apportioned directly Funds made available for fiscal years 1996 flight schools and comparable flight test to the bureau within the Department of and 1997 to carry out chapter 8 of part II of pilot schools of foreign countries.’’. State responsible for administering this the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. (c) ASSISTANCE FOR CERTAIN FOREIGN COUN- chapter. 2349aa et seq.; relating to antiterrorism as- TRIES.—Chapter 5 of part II of such Act (22 ‘‘(g) EXCESS PROPERTY.—For purposes of U.S.C. 2347 et seq.) is amended by adding at sistance) may be made available to the Tech- this chapter, the Secretary of State may use the end the following new section: nical Support Working Group of the Depart- the authority of section 608, without regard ment of State for research and development to the restrictions of such section, to receive ‘‘SEC. 546. ASSISTANCE FOR CERTAIN FOREIGN expenses related to contraband detection COUNTRIES. nonlethal excess property from any agency technologies or for field demonstrations of ‘‘Of the amounts made available for a fis- of the United States Government for the pur- such technologies (whether such field dem- cal year for assistance under this chapter, pose of providing such property to a foreign onstrations take place in the United States not more than $300,000 for such fiscal year government under the same terms and condi- or outside the United States). may be made available for assistance on a tions as funds authorized to be appropriated grant basis for any high-income foreign CHAPTER 4—NARCOTICS CONTROL for the purposes of this chapter.’’. country for military education and training ASSISTANCE (d) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—(1) Section 489 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2291h) is amended— of military and related civilian personnel of SEC. 3161. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. such country if such country agrees to pro- (A) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘for (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to vide for the transportation and living allow- fiscal year 1995’’; be appropriated $213,000,000 for each of the (B) by striking ‘‘(a) INTERNATIONAL NAR- ances of such military and related civilian fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to carry out chapter personnel.’’. COTICS CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT.—’’; and 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of (C) by striking subsections (b) and (c). CHAPTER 3—ANTITERRORISM 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.). (2) Section 489A of such Act (22 U.S.C. ASSISTANCE (b) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts 2291i) is hereby repealed. SEC. 3151. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. authorized to be appropriated under sub- (e) CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) Sec- (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to section (a) are authorized to remain avail- tion 490 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2291j) is be appropriated $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 able until expended. amended— H 5436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 (A) in the section heading by striking ‘‘for emergency exists which requires that con- any member country of that Organization or fiscal year 1995’’; and sent to the proposed transfer become effec- Australia, Japan, or New Zealand, shall not (B) by striking subsection (i). tive immediately in the national security in- be issued until at least 15 calendar days after (2) Section 490A of such Act (22 U.S.C. terests of the United States, thus waiving the Congress receives such certification, and 2291k) is hereby repealed. the requirements of that subparagraph, the shall not be issued then if the Congress, SEC. 3163. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT. President shall set forth in the certification within that 15-day period, enacts a joint res- (a) IN GENERAL.—The authority of section a detailed justification for his determina- olution prohibiting the proposed export; and 1003(d) of the National Narcotics Control tion, including a description of the emer- ‘‘(B) in the case of any other license, shall Leadership Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1502(d)) may gency circumstances which necessitate im- not be issued until at least 30 calendar days be exercised with respect to funds authorized mediate consent to the transfer and a discus- after the Congress receives such certifi- to be appropriated pursuant to the Foreign sion of the national security interests in- cation, and shall not be issued then if the Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) volved. Congress, within that 30-day period, enacts a and with respect to the personnel of the De- ‘‘(D)(i) Any joint resolution under this joint resolution prohibiting the proposed ex- partment of State only to the extent that paragraph shall be considered in the Senate port.’’. the appropriate congressional committees in accordance with the provisions of section (d) COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURING AGREE- have been notified 15 days in advance in ac- 601(b) of the International Security Assist- MENTS.—Section 36(d) of such Act (22 U.S.C. cordance with the reprogramming proce- ance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976. 2753(d)) is amended— dures applicable under section 634A of that ‘‘(ii) For the purpose of expediting the con- (1) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(d)’’; Act (22 U.S.C. 2394). sideration and enactment of joint resolu- (2) by striking ‘‘for or in a country not a (b) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec- tions under this paragraph, a motion to pro- member of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga- tion, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional ceed to the consideration of any such joint nization’’; and committees’’ means the Committee on Inter- resolution after it has been reported by the (3) by adding at the end the following: national Relations and the Committee on appropriate committee shall be treated as ‘‘(2) A certification under this subsection Appropriations of the House of Representa- highly privileged in the House of Representa- shall be submitted— tives and the Committee on Foreign Rela- tives.’’. ‘‘(A) at least 15 days before approval is tions and the Committee on Appropriations given in the case of an agreement for or in a (b) THIRD COUNTRY TRANSFERS UNDER COM- of the Senate. country which is a member of the North At- MERCIAL SALES.—Section 3(d)(3) of such Act SEC. 3164. WAIVER OF RESTRICTIONS FOR NAR- (22 U.S.C. 2753(d)(3)) is amended— lantic Treaty Organization or Australia, COTICS-RELATED ECONOMIC AS- Japan, or New Zealand; and SISTANCE. (1) by inserting ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(3)’’; (2) in the first sentence— ‘‘(B) at least 30 days before approval is For each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997, given in the case of an agreement for or in narcotics-related assistance under part I of (A) by striking ‘‘at least 30 calendar days’’; and any other country; the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. unless the President states in his certifi- 2151 et seq.) may be provided notwithstand- (B) by striking ‘‘report’’ and inserting cation that an emergency exists which re- ing any other provision of law that restricts ‘‘certification’’; and quires the immediate approval of the agree- assistance to foreign countries (other than (3) by striking the last sentence and insert- ment in the national security interests of section 490(e) or section 502B of that Act (22 ing the following: ‘‘Such certification shall be submitted— the United States. U.S.C. 2291j(e) and 2304)) if, at least 15 days ‘‘(3) If the President states in his certifi- before obligating funds for such assistance, ‘‘(i) at least 15 calendar days before such consent is given in the case of a transfer to cation that an emergency exists which re- the President notifies the appropriate con- quires the immediate approval of the agree- gressional committees (as defined in section a country which is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or Australia, ment in the national security interests of 481(e) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2291(e))) in ac- the United States, thus waiving the require- cordance with the procedures applicable to Japan, or New Zealand; and ‘‘(ii) at least 30 calendar days before such ments of paragraph (4), he shall set forth in reprogramming notifications under section the certification a detailed justification for 634A of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2394). consent is given in the case of a transfer to any other country, his determination, including a description of CHAPTER 5—NONPROLIFERATION AND the emergency circumstances which neces- DISARMAMENT FUND unless the President states in his certifi- sitate the immediate approval of the agree- SEC. 3171. NONPROLIFERATION AND DISAR- cation that an emergency exists which re- ment and a discussion of the national secu- MAMENT FUND. quires that consent to the proposed transfer rity interests involved. (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to become effective immediately in the na- ‘‘(4) Approval for an agreement subject to be appropriated $25,000,000 for each of the fis- tional security interests of the United paragraph (1) may not be given under section cal years 1996 and 1997 to carry out bilateral States. If the President states in his certifi- 38 if the Congress, within the 15-day or 30- and multilateral nonproliferation and disar- cation that such an emergency exists (thus day period specified in paragraph (2)(A) or mament activities for the independent states waiving the requirements of clause (i) or (ii), (B), as the case may be, enacts a joint resolu- of the former Soviet Union, countries other as the case may be, and of subparagraph (B)) tion prohibiting such approval. than the independent states of the former the President shall set forth in the certifi- ‘‘(5)(A) Any joint resolution under para- Soviet Union, and international organiza- cation a detailed justification for his deter- graph (4) shall be considered in the Senate in tions under section 504 of the Freedom for mination, including a description of the accordance with the provisions of section Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies emergency circumstances which necessitate 601(b) of the International Security Assist- and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (22 that consent to the proposed transfer become ance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976. U.S.C. 5854). effective immediately and a discussion of the ‘‘(B) For the purpose of expediting the con- (b) SUPERSEDES OTHER LAWS.—Funds made national security interests involved. sideration and enactment of joint resolu- available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 under ‘‘(B) Consent to a transfer subject to sub- tions under paragraph (4), a motion to pro- the authority of section 504 of the Freedom paragraph (A) shall become effective after ceed to the consideration of any such joint for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democ- the end of the 15-day or 30-day period speci- resolution after it has been reported by the racies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 fied in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii), as the case appropriate committee shall be treated as (22 U.S.C. 5854) may be used notwithstanding may be, only if the Congress does not enact, highly privileged in the House of Representa- any other provision of law. within that period, a joint resolution prohib- tives.’’. (c) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts iting the proposed transfer. (e) GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT LEASES.— authorized to be appropriated under sub- ‘‘(C)(i) Any joint resolution under this (1) CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW PERIOD.—Sec- section (a) are authorized to remain avail- paragraph shall be considered in the Senate tion 62 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2796a) is amend- able until expended. in accordance with the provisions of section ed— CHAPTER 6—OTHER PROVISIONS 601(b) of the International Security Assist- (A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Not less SEC. 3181. STANDARDIZATION OF CONGRES- ance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976. than 30 days before’’ and inserting ‘‘Before’’; SIONAL REVIEW PROCEDURES FOR ‘‘(ii) For the purpose of expediting the con- (B) in subsection (b)— ARMS TRANSFERS. sideration and enactment of joint resolu- (i) by striking ‘‘determines, and imme- (a) THIRD COUNTRY TRANSFERS UNDER FMS tions under this paragraph, a motion to pro- diately reports to the Congress’’ and insert- SALES.—Section 3(d)(2) of the Arms Export ceed to the consideration of any such joint ing ‘‘states in his certification’’; and Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2753(d)(2)) is amend- resolution after it has been reported by the (ii) by adding at the end of the subsection ed— appropriate committee shall be treated as the following: ‘‘If the President states in his (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘, as highly privileged in the House of Representa- certification that such an emergency exists, provided for in sections 36(b)(2) and 36(b)(3) of tives.’’. he shall set forth in the certification a de- this Act’’; (c) COMMERCIAL SALES.—Section 36(c)(2) of tailed justification for his determination, in- (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘law’’ such Act (22 U.S.C. 2753(c)(2)) is amended by cluding a description of the emergency cir- and inserting ‘‘joint resolution’’; and amending subparagraphs (A) and (B) to read cumstances which necessitate that the lease (3) by adding at the end the following: as follows: be entered into immediately and a discussion ‘‘(C) If the President states in his certifi- ‘‘(A) in the case of a license for an export of the national security interests involved.’’; cation under subparagraph (A) or (B) that an to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5437

(C) by adding at the end of the section the (1) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ at (3) EXISTING DEFINITIONS.—(A) The last sen- following: the end; tence of section 21(g) of the Arms Export ‘‘(c) The certification required by sub- (2) in paragraph (8), by striking the period Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(g)) is repealed. section (a) shall be transmitted— at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and (B) Section 65(d) of such Act is amended— ‘‘(1) not less than 15 calendar days before (3) by adding at the end the following new (i) by striking ‘‘or major non-NATO’’; and the agreement is entered into or renewed in paragraph: (ii) by striking out ‘‘or a’’ and all that fol- the case of an agreement with the North At- ‘‘(9) ‘significant military equipment’ lows through ‘‘Code’’. lantic Treaty Organization, any member means articles— (b) COOPERATIVE TRAINING AGREEMENTS.— country of that Organization or Australia, ‘‘(A) for which special export controls are Section 21(g) of the Arms Export Control Act Japan, or New Zealand; and warranted because of the capacity of such ar- (22 U.S.C. 2761(g)) is amended in the first sen- ‘‘(2) not less than 30 calendar days before ticles for substantial military utility or ca- tence by striking ‘‘similar agreements’’ and the agreement is entered into or renewed in pability; and all that follows through ‘‘other countries’’ the case of an agreement with any other or- ‘‘(B) identified on the United States Muni- and inserting ‘‘similar agreements with ganization or country.’’. tions List.’’. countries’’. (2) CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL.—Section SEC. 3186. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE SEC. 3189. CERTIFICATION THRESHOLDS. 63(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2796b(a)) is SPECIAL DEFENSE ACQUISITION (a) INCREASE IN DOLLAR THRESHOLDS.—The amended— FUND. Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et (A) by striking ‘‘(a)(1)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)’’; (a) ELIMINATION OF ANNUAL REPORT.— seq.) is amended— (B) by striking out the ‘‘30 calendar days (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 53 of the Arms Ex- (1) in section 3(d) (22 U.S.C. 2753(d))— after receiving the certification with respect port Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795b) is hereby (A) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking to that proposed agreement pursuant to sec- repealed. ‘‘$14,000,000’’ each place it appears and insert- tion 62(a),’’ and inserting in lieu thereof ‘‘the (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section ing ‘‘$25,000,000’’; and 15-day or 30-day period specified in section 51(a)(4) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2795(a)(4)) is (B) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking 62(c) (1) or (2), as the case may be,’’; and amended— ‘‘$50,000,000’’ each place it appears and insert- (C) by striking paragraph (2). (A) by striking ‘‘(a)’’; and ing ‘‘$75,000,000’’; (f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments (B) by striking subparagraph (B). (2) in section 36 (22 U.S.C. 2776)— made by this section apply with respect to (b) RETURN OF CERTAIN AMOUNTS IN FUND (A) in subsections (b)(1), (b)(5)(C), and certifications required to be submitted on or TO THE TREASURY.—During fiscal year 1996 (c)(1), by striking ‘‘$14,000,000’’ each place it after the date of the enactment of this Act. the President shall return $6,281,000 to the appears and inserting ‘‘$25,000,000’’; SEC. 3182. STANDARDIZATION OF THIRD COUN- miscellaneous receipts account of the Treas- (B) in subsections (b)(1), (b)(5)(C), and TRY TRANSFERS OF DEFENSE ARTI- ury from collections into the Special Defense (c)(1), by striking ‘‘$50,000,000’’ each place it CLES. Acquisition Fund pursuant to section 51(b) of appears and inserting ‘‘$75,000,000’’; and Section 3 of the Arms Export Control Act the Arms Export Control Act in addition to (C) in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(5)(C), by (22 U.S.C. 2753) is amended by inserting after the amount of such collections to be re- striking ‘‘$200,000,000’’ each place it appears subsection (a) the following new subsection: turned for such fiscal year as indicated in and inserting ‘‘$300,000,000’’; and ‘‘(b) The consent of the President under the President’s budget of the United States (3) in section 63(a) (22 U.S.C. 2796b(a))— paragraph (2) of subsection (a) or under para- Government for fiscal year 1996. (A) by striking ‘‘$14,000,000’’ and inserting graph (1) of section 505(a) of the Foreign As- ‘‘$25,000,000’’; and sistance Act of 1961 (as it relates to subpara- SEC. 3187. COST OF LEASED DEFENSE ARTICLES (B) by striking ‘‘$50,000,000’’ and inserting graph (B) of such paragraph) shall not be re- THAT HAVE BEEN LOST OR DE- STROYED. ‘‘$75,000,000’’. quired for the transfer by a foreign country Section 61(a)(4) of the Arms Export Control (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments or international organization of defense arti- Act (22 U.S.C. 2796(a)(4)) is amended by strik- made by subsection (a) apply with respect to cles sold by the United States under this Act ing ‘‘and the replacement cost’’ and all that certifications submitted on or after the date if— follows and inserting the following: ‘‘and, if of the enactment of this Act. ‘‘(1) such articles constitute components the articles are lost or destroyed while SEC. 3190. COMPETITIVE PRICING FOR SALES OF incorporated into foreign defense articles; leased— DEFENSE ARTICLES AND SERVICES. ‘‘(2) the recipient is the government of a ‘‘(A) in the event the United States intends (a) COSTING BASIS.—Section 22 of the Arms member country of the North Atlantic Trea- to replace the articles lost or destroyed, the Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2762) is amend- ty Organization, the Government of Aus- replacement cost (less any depreciation in ed by adding at the end the following: tralia, the Government of Japan, or the Gov- the value) of the articles; or ‘‘(d) COMPETITIVE PRICING.—Procurement ernment of New Zealand; ‘‘(B) in the event the United States does contracts made in implementation of sales ‘‘(3) the United States-origin components not intend to replace the articles lost or de- under this section for defense articles and are not— stroyed, an amount not less than the actual defense services wholly paid from funds ‘‘(A) significant military equipment (as de- value (less any depreciation in the value) made available on a nonrepayable basis shall fined in section 47(9)); specified in the lease agreement.’’. be priced on the same costing basis with re- ‘‘(B) defense articles for which notification SEC. 3188. DESIGNATION OF MAJOR NON-NATO gard to profit, overhead, independent re- to Congress is required under section 36(b); ALLIES. search and development, bid and proposal, and (a) DESIGNATION.— and other costing elements, as is applicable ‘‘(C) identified by regulation as Missile (1) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—Chapter 2 of part to procurements of like items purchased by Technology Control Regime items; and II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 the Department of Defense for its own use.’’. ‘‘(4) the foreign country or international U.S.C. 2311 et seq.), as amended by this Act, (b) EFFECTIVE DATE AND IMPLEMENTING organization provides notification of the is further amended by adding at the end the REGULATIONS.—Section 22(d) of the Arms Ex- transfer of the defense articles to the United following new section: port Control Act, as added by subsection States Government not later than 30 days ‘‘SEC. 517. DESIGNATION OF MAJOR NON-NATO (a)— after the date of such transfer.’’. ALLIES. (1) shall take effect on the 60th day follow- SEC. 3183. INCREASED STANDARDIZATION, RA- ‘‘(a) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—The President ing the date of the enactment of this Act; TIONALIZATION, AND INTEROPER- shall notify the Congress in writing at least (2) shall be applicable only to contracts ABILITY OF ASSISTANCE AND SALES made in implementation of sales made after PROGRAMS. 30 days before— ‘‘(1) designating a country as a major non- such effective date; and Paragraph (6) of section 515(a) of the For- (3) shall be implemented by revised pro- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. NATO ally for purposes of this Act and the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et curement regulations, which shall be issued 2321i(a)(6)) is amended by striking ‘‘among prior to such effective date. members of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga- seq.); or SEC. 3191. DEPLETED URANIUM AMMUNITION. nization and with the Armed Forces of ‘‘(2) terminating such a designation. Chapter 1 of part III of the Foreign Assist- Japan, Australia, and New Zealand’’. ‘‘(b) INITIAL DESIGNATIONS.—Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370 et seq.), as SEC. 3184. REPEAL OF PRICE AND AVAILABILITY amended by this Act, is further amended by REPORTING REQUIREMENT RELAT- and New Zealand shall be deemed to have ING TO PROPOSED SALE OF DE- been so designated by the President as of the adding at the end the following new section: FENSE ARTICLES AND SERVICES. effective date of this section, and the Presi- ‘‘SEC. 620H. DEPLETED URANIUM AMMUNITION. (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 28 of the Arms dent is not required to notify the Congress of ‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2768) is hereby such designation of those countries.’’. subsection (b), none of the funds made avail- repealed. (2) DEFINITION.—Section 644 of such Act (22 able to carry out this Act or any other Act (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 36(b) U.S.C. 2403) is amended by adding at the end may be made available to facilitate in any of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2776(b)) is amended by the following: way the sale of M–833 antitank shells or any striking paragraph (4) of such section. ‘‘(q) ‘Major non-NATO ally’ means a coun- comparable antitank shells containing a de- SEC. 3185. DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANT MILI- try which is designated in accordance with pleted uranium penetrating component to TARY EQUIPMENT. section 517 as a major non-NATO ally for any country other than— Section 47 of the Arms Export Control Act purposes of this Act and the Arms Export ‘‘(1) a country that is a member of the (22 U.S.C. 2794) is amended— Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.).’’. North Atlantic Treaty Organization; H 5438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 ‘‘(2) a country that has been designated as the Foreign Aid Reduction Act of 1995, and ‘‘(a) There are authorized to be appro- a major non-NATO ally (as defined in section annually thereafter as a part of the annual priated to the President to carry out the pur- 644(q)); or congressional presentation documents sub- poses of this chapter $2,356,378,000 for fiscal ‘‘(3) Taiwan. mitted under section 634 of the Foreign As- year 1996 and $2,283,478,000 for fiscal year ‘‘(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition con- sistance Act of 1961, the President shall 1997.’’. tained in subsection (a) shall not apply with transmit to the Congress a report describing SEC. 3202. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL. respect to the use of funds to facilitate the the actions taken to implement this section. (a) MINIMUM ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts sale of antitank shells to a country if the ‘‘(e) THIRD COUNTRY TRANSFERS.—For pur- made available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 President determines that to do so is in the poses of this section, defense articles and de- for assistance under chapter 4 of part II of national security interest of the United fense services sold, leased, or exported under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. States.’’. this Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 2346 et seq.; relating to the economic support SEC. 3192. END-USE MONITORING OF DEFENSE 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) includes defense fund), not less than $1,200,000,000 for each ARTICLES AND DEFENSE SERVICES. articles and defense services that are trans- such fiscal year shall be available only for (a) IN GENERAL.—The Arms Export Control ferred to a third country or other third Israel. Act (22 U.S.C.2751 et seq.) is amended by in- party.’’. (b) TERMS OF ASSISTANCE.— serting after chapter 3 the following new (b) EFFECTIVE DATES.—Section 40A of the (1) CASH TRANSFER.—The total amount of chapter: Arms Export Control Act, as added by sub- funds allocated for Israel for each fiscal year ‘‘CHAPTER 3A—END-USE MONITORING OF section (a), applies with respect to defense under subsection (a) shall be made available DEFENSE ARTICLES AND DEFENSE articles and defense services provided before on a grant basis as a cash transfer. SERVICES or after the date of the enactment of this (2) EXPEDITED DISBURSEMENT.—Such funds ‘‘SEC. 40A. END-USE MONITORING OF DEFENSE Act. shall be disbursed— ARTICLES AND DEFENSE SERVICES. SEC. 3193. BROKERING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO (A) with respect to fiscal year 1996, not ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF MONITORING PRO- COMMERCIAL SALES OF DEFENSE later than 30 days after the date of the enact- GRAM.— ARTICLES AND SERVICES. ment of the Foreign Operations, Export Fi- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to improve ac- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 38(b)(1)(A) of the nancing, and Related Programs Appropria- countability with respect to defense articles Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. tions Act, 1996, or by October 31, 1995, which- and defense services sold, leased, or exported 2778(b)(1)(A)) is amended— ever is later; and under this Act or the Foreign Assistance Act (1) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘As (B) with respect to fiscal year 1997, not of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), the Secretary prescribed in regulations’’ and inserting ‘‘(i) later than 30 days after the date of the enact- of State shall establish a program which pro- As prescribed in regulations’’; and ment of the Foreign Operations, Export Fi- vides for the end-use monitoring of such arti- (2) by adding at the end the following new nancing, and Related Programs Appropria- cles and services. clause: tions Act, 1997, or by October 31, 1996, which- ‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS OF PROGRAM.—To the ‘‘(ii)(I) As prescribed in regulations issued ever is later. extent practicable, such program— under this section, every person (other than (3) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT.—In exercis- ‘‘(A) shall provide for the end-use monitor- an officer or employee of the United States ing the authority of this subsection, the ing of defense articles and defense services in Government acting in official capacity) who President shall ensure that the amount of accordance with the standards that apply for engages in the business of brokering activi- funds provided as a cash transfer to Israel identifying high-risk exports for regular end- ties with respect to the manufacture, export, does not cause an adverse impact on the use verification developed under section import, or transfer of any defense article or total level of nonmilitary exports from the 38(g)(7) of this Act (commonly referred to as defense service designated by the President United States to Israel. the ‘Blue Lantern’ program); and under subsection (a)(1), or in the business of SEC. 3203. ASSISTANCE FOR EGYPT. ‘‘(B) shall be designed to provide reason- brokering activities with respect to the man- (a) MINIMUM ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts able assurance that— ufacture, export, import, or transfer of any made available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 ‘‘(i) the recipient is complying with the re- foreign defense article or defense service (as for assistance under chapter 4 of part II of quirements imposed by the United States defined in subclause (IV)), shall register with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. Government with respect to use, transfers, the United States Government agency 2346 et seq.; relating to the economic support and security of defense articles and defense charged with the administration of this sec- fund), not less than $815,000,000 for each such services; and tion, and shall pay a registration fee which fiscal year shall be available only for Egypt. ‘‘(ii) such articles and services are being shall be prescribed by such regulations. (b) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT.—In exercis- used for the purposes for which they are pro- ‘‘(II) Such brokering activities shall in- ing the authority of this section, the Presi- vided. clude the financing, transportation, freight dent shall ensure that the amount of funds ‘‘(b) CONDUCT OF PROGRAM.—In carrying forwarding, or the taking of any other action provided as a cash transfer to Egypt does not out the program established under sub- that facilitates the manufacture, export, or cause an adverse impact on the total level of section (a), the Secretary shall ensure that import of a defense article or defense service. nonmilitary exports from the United States the program— ‘‘(III) No person may engage in the busi- to Egypt. ‘‘(1) provides for the end-use verification of ness of brokering activities without a li- defense articles and defense services that in- cense, issued in accordance with this Act, ex- SEC. 3204. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR IRELAND. corporate sensitive technology, defense arti- cept that no license shall be required for (a) FUNDING.— cles and defense services that are particu- such activities undertaken by or for an agen- (1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made larly vulnerable to diversion or other mis- cy of the United States Government— available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for as- use, or defense articles or defense services ‘‘(aa) for official use by an agency of the sistance under chapter 4 of part II of the For- whose diversion or other misuse could have United States Government; or eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et significant consequences; and ‘‘(bb) for carrying out any foreign assist- seq.; relating to the economic support fund), ‘‘(2) prevents the diversion (through re- ance or sales program authorized by law and not more than $29,600,000 for fiscal year 1996 verse engineering or other means) of tech- subject to the control of the President by and not more than $19,600,000 for fiscal year nology incorporated in defense articles. other means. 1997 shall be available for the United States ‘‘(c) MONITORING RESPONSIBILITIES.— ‘‘(IV) For purposes of this clause, the term contribution to the International Fund for ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to subsection ‘foreign defense article or defense service’ in- Ireland in accordance with the Anglo-Irish (a), sections 3 and 38 of this Act, and sections cludes any non-United States defense article Agreement Support Act of 1986 (Public Law 505, 622, and 623 of the Foreign Assistance or defense service of a nature described on 99–415). Act of 1961, the Secretary of State, in con- the United States Munitions List regardless (2) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts made avail- sultation with the Secretary of Defense and of whether such article or service is of Unit- able under paragraph (1) are authorized to officials of appropriate other Federal agen- ed States origin or whether such article or remain available until expended. cies, shall provide for the monitoring of de- service contains United States origin compo- (b) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.— fense articles and defense services described nents.’’. (1) PURPOSES.—Section 2(b) of the Anglo- in subsection (a). (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Section 38(b)(1)(A)(ii) Irish Agreement Support Act of 1986 (Public ‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL.—Upon the re- of the Arms Export Control Act, as added by Law 99-415; 100 Stat. 947) is amended by add- quest of the Secretary of State, the Sec- subsection (a), shall apply with respect to ing at the end the following new sentences: retary of Defense or the Secretary of the brokering activities engaged in on or after ‘‘United States contributions shall be used in Treasury, as the case may be, shall provide the date of the enactment of this Act. a manner that effectively increases employ- to the agency primarily responsible for the ment opportunities in communities with TITLE XXXII—ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE licensing of exports under this section, on a rates of unemployment significantly higher nonreimbursable basis, personnel with appro- CHAPTER 1—ECONOMIC SUPPORT than the local or urban average of unemploy- priate expertise to assist in the end-use mon- ASSISTANCE ment in Northern Ireland. In addition, such itoring and enforcement functions under this SEC. 3201. ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND. contributions shall be used to benefit indi- section and section 38 of this Act. Section 532(a) of the Foreign Assistance viduals residing in such communities.’’. ‘‘(d) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346a(a)) is amended to (2) CONDITIONS AND UNDERSTANDINGS.—Sec- 6 months after the date of the enactment of read as follows: tion 5(a) of such Act is amended— May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5439 (A) in the first sentence— ployees with the potential for further ad- same status under law that is applicable to (i) by striking ‘‘The United States’’ and in- vancement. officers, members, or employees of the En- serting the following: ‘‘(I) Providing for the appointment of a terprise Funds for Poland and Hungary under ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The United States’’; senior management staff member to be re- section 201 of the Support for East European (ii) by striking ‘‘in this Act may be used’’ sponsible for the employment efforts of the Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. and inserting the following: ‘‘in this Act— entity and, within a reasonable period of 5421). ‘‘(A) may be used’’; time, the implementation of the principles ‘‘(d) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Notwith- (iii) by striking the period and inserting ‘‘; described in subparagraphs (A) through standing any other provision of this section, and’’; and (H).’’. the requirement of section 201(p) of the Sup- (iv) by adding at the end the following: (6) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments port for East European Democracy (SEED) ‘‘(B) may be provided to an individual or made by this subsection shall take effect 180 Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5421(p)), that an Enter- entity in Northern Ireland only if such indi- days after the date of the enactment of this prise Fund shall be required to publish an vidual or entity is in compliance with the Act. annual report not later than January 31 each year, shall not apply with respect to an En- principles of economic justice.’’; and SEC. 3205. LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE. terprise Fund that receives funds and sup- (B) in the second sentence, by striking (a) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made port under this section for the first twelve ‘‘The restrictions’’ and inserting the follow- available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for as- months after it is designated as eligible to ing: sistance under chapter 4 of part II of the For- receive such funds and support. ‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—The re- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et ‘‘(e) FUNDING.— strictions’’. seq.; relating to the economic support fund), ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Amounts made available (3) PRIOR CERTIFICATIONS.—Section 5(c)(2) not more than $12,000,000 for each such fiscal for a fiscal year to carry out chapter 1 of of such Act is amended— year shall be available for law enforcement part I of this Act (relating to development (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘prin- assistance under chapter 8 of part I of such assistance) and to carry out chapter 4 of part ciple of equality’’ and all that follows and in- Act (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.). II of this Act (relating to the economic sup- serting ‘‘principles of economic justice; (b) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts made avail- port fund) shall be available for such fiscal and’’; and able under subsection (a) are authorized to year to carry out this section, in addition to (B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting before remain available until expended. amounts otherwise available for such pur- the period at the end the following: ‘‘and will CHAPTER 2—ASSISTANCE FOR PRIVATE poses. create employment opportunities in regions SECTOR PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES ‘‘(2) AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT.—In addition to and communities of Northern Ireland suffer- amounts available under paragraph (1) for a ing the highest rates of unemployment’’. SEC. 3211. PRIVATE SECTOR ENTERPRISE FUNDS. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 fiscal year, amounts made available for such (4) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Section 6 of such Act fiscal year to carry out chapter 10 of part I is amended— U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 601 the following new section: of this Act (relating to the Development (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at Fund for Africa) shall be available for such the end; ‘‘SEC. 601A. PRIVATE SECTOR ENTERPRISE FUNDS. fiscal year to carry out this section with re- (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period spect to countries in Africa.’’. and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—(1) The President may SEC. 3212. MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DE- (C) by adding at the end the following new provide funds and support to Enterprise Funds designated in accordance with sub- VELOPMENT CREDITS. paragraph: (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 108 of the Foreign section (b) that are or have been established ‘‘(4) each individual or entity receiving as- Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151f) is for the purposes of promoting— sistance from United States contributions to amended to read as follows: the International Fund has agreed in writing ‘‘(A) development of the private sectors of eligible countries, including small busi- ‘‘SEC. 108. MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DE- to comply with the principles of economic VELOPMENT CREDITS. nesses, the agricultural sector, and joint justice.’’. ‘‘(a) FINDINGS AND POLICY.—The Congress ventures with United States and host coun- (5) DEFINITIONS.—Section 8 of such Act is finds and declares that— try participants; and amended— ‘‘(1) the development of micro- and small ‘‘(B) policies and practices conducive to (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and’’ at enterprise, including cooperatives, is a vital private sector development in eligible coun- the end; factor in the stable growth of developing tries; (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period countries and in the development and stabil- at the end and inserting a semicolon; and on the same basis as funds and support may ity of a free, open, and equitable inter- (C) by adding at the end the following new be provided with respect to Enterprise Funds national economic system; paragraphs: for Poland and Hungary under the Support ‘‘(2) it is, therefore, in the best interests of ‘‘(3) the term ‘Northern Ireland’ includes for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of the United States to assist the development the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Derry, 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.). of the private sector in developing countries Down, Tyrone, and Fermanagh; and ‘‘(2) Funds may be made available under and to engage the United States private sec- ‘‘(4) the term ‘principles of economic jus- this section notwithstanding any other pro- tor in that process; tice’ means the following principles: vision of law. ‘‘(3) the support of private enterprise can ‘‘(A) Increasing the representation of indi- ‘‘(b) COUNTRIES ELIGIBLE FOR ENTERPRISE be served by programs providing credit, viduals from underrepresented religious FUNDS.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph training, and technical assistance for the groups in the workforce, including manage- (2), the President is authorized to designate benefit of micro- and small enterprises; and rial, supervisory, administrative, clerical, a private, nonprofit organization as eligible ‘‘(4) programs that provide credit, training, and technical jobs. to receive funds and support pursuant to this and technical assistance to private institu- ‘‘(B) Providing adequate security for the section with respect to any country eligible tions can serve as a valuable complement to protection of minority employees at the to receive assistance under part I of this Act grant assistance provided for the purpose of workplace. in the same manner and with the same limi- benefiting micro- and small private enter- ‘‘(C) Banning provocative sectarian or po- tations as set forth in section 201(d) of the prise. litical emblems from the workplace. Support for East European Democracy ‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—To carry out the policy set ‘‘(D) Providing that all job openings be ad- (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5421(d)). forth in subsection (a), the President is au- vertised publicly and providing that special ‘‘(2) The authority of paragraph (1) shall thorized to provide assistance to increase the recruitment efforts be made to attract appli- not apply to any country with respect to availability of credit to micro- and small en- cants from underrepresented religious which the President is authorized to des- terprises lacking full access to credit, in- groups. ignate an enterprise fund under section cluding through— ‘‘(E) Providing that layoff, recall, and ter- 498B(c) or section 498C of this Act or section ‘‘(1) loans and guarantees to credit institu- mination procedures do not favor a particu- 201 of the Support for East European Democ- tions for the purpose of expanding the avail- lar religious group. racy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5421). ability of credit to micro- and small enter- ‘‘(F) Abolishing job reservations, appren- ‘‘(c) TREATMENT EQUIVALENT TO ENTER- prises; ticeship restrictions, and differential em- PRISE FUNDS FOR POLAND AND HUNGARY.—Ex- ‘‘(2) training programs for lenders in order ployment criteria which discriminate on the cept as otherwise specifically provided in to enable them to better meet the credit basis of religion. this section, the provisions contained in sec- needs of micro- and small entrepreneurs; and ‘‘(G) Providing for the development of tion 201 of the Support for East European De- ‘‘(3) training programs for micro- and training programs that will prepare substan- mocracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5421) small entrepreneurs in order to enable them tial numbers of minority employees for (excluding the authorizations of appropria- to make better use of credit and to better skilled jobs, including the expansion of exist- tions provided in subsection (b) of that sec- manage their enterprises.’’. ing programs and the creation of new pro- tion) shall apply to any Enterprise Fund (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— grams to train, upgrade, and improve the that receives funds and support under this (1) IN GENERAL.—(A) There is authorized to skills of minority employees. section. The officers, members, or employees be appropriated to carry out section 108 of ‘‘(H) Establishing procedures to assess, of an Enterprise Fund that receive funds and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, in addi- identify, and actively recruit minority em- support under this section shall enjoy the tion to funds otherwise available for such H 5440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

purposes, $2,000,000 for each of the fiscal CHAPTER 3—DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (3) SPECIAL RULE.—Amounts made avail- years 1996 and 1997. Funds authorized to be Subchapter A—Development Assistance able under sections 103 through 106 of the appropriated under this subsection shall be Authorities Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the Vita- made available for the subsidy cost, as de- min A Deficiency Program, part I of such SEC. 3221. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIA- fined in section 502(5) of the Federal Credit TIONS. Act for iodine and iron fortification pro- grams and for iron supplementation pro- Reform Act of 1990, for activities under sec- (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to tion 108 of the Foreign Assistance Act of be appropriated the following amounts for grams for pregnant women, chapter 9 of part I of such Act for international disaster as- 1961. the following purposes (in addition to sistance, section 104(c) of such Act for inter- (B) In addition, there are authorized to be amounts otherwise available for such pur- national AIDS prevention and control, and appropriated $500,000 for each of the fiscal poses): any other provision of law for migration and years 1996 and 1997 for the cost of training (1) DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FUND.— refugee assistance, shall not be included in programs and administrative expenses to $858,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 the aggregate amounts described in para- carry out such section. and 1997 to carry out sections 103 through 106 graph (1) for purposes of the requirements (2) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 contained in such paragraph. authorized to be appropriated under para- U.S.C. 2151a through 2151d). (b) VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY PROGRAM AND graph (1) are authorized to remain available (2) DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA.— until expended. RELATED ACTIVITIES.—Of the amounts made $629,214,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 available to carry out sections 103 through SEC. 3213. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT and 1997 to carry out chapter 10 of part I of GRANT ASSISTANCE. 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. U.S.C. 2151a through 2151d) for fiscal years Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assist- 2293 et seq.). ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is 1996 and 1997, not less than $25,000,000 for (3) ASSISTANCE FOR THE INDEPENDENT each such fiscal year shall be made available amended by adding at the end the following STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.— for the Vitamin A Deficiency Program and new section: $643,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $650,000,000 for activities relating to iodine deficiency ‘‘SEC. 129. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT for fiscal year 1997 to carry out programs GRANT ASSISTANCE. and other micronutrients. under chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign As- (c) UNDP/WHO TROPICAL DISEASE PRO- ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—(1) In carrying out sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.) GRAM.—Of the amounts made available to this part, the administrator of the agency and other related programs. carry out section 103 through 106 of the For- primarily responsible for administering this (4) ASSISTANCE FOR EAST EUROPEAN COUN- eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a part is authorized to provide grant assist- TRIES.—$325,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and through 2151d) for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, ance for programs of credit and other assist- $275,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 for economic not less than $15,000,000 for each such fiscal ance for microenterprises in developing assistance for Eastern Europe and the Baltic year shall be made available for the United countries. states under the Foreign Assistance Act of Nations Development Program/World Health ‘‘(2) Assistance authorized under paragraph 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) and the Support Organization Special Program for Research (1) shall be provided through the following for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of and Training in Tropical Diseases. organizations that have a capacity to de- 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.). SEC. 3223. ASSISTANCE FOR FAMILY PLANNING. velop and implement microenterprise pro- (5) INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION.— (a) RESTRICTION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR VOL- grams: $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $10,000,000 UNTARY POPULATION PLANNING.—Section ‘‘(A) United States and indigenous private for fiscal year 1997 to carry out section 401 of 104(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and voluntary organizations. the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (22 U.S.C. (22 U.S.C. 2151b(b)) is amended by inserting ‘‘(B) United States and indigenous credit 290f). after the first sentence the following new unions and cooperative organizations. (6) AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION.— sentence: ‘‘Such assistance shall be available ‘‘(C) Other indigenous governmental and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $5,000,000 only for voluntary family planning projects nongovernmental organizations. for fiscal year 1997 to carry out the African which offer, either directly or through refer- ‘‘(3) Approximately 50 percent of assistance Development Foundation Act (22 U.S.C. 290h ral to, or information about access to, a authorized under paragraph (1) shall be used et seq.). broad range of family planning methods and for poverty lending programs which— (b) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts services.’’ ‘‘(A) meet the needs of the very poor mem- authorized to be appropriated under sub- (b) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR VOL- bers of society, particularly poor women; and section (a) are authorized to remain avail- UNTARY POPULATION PLANNING TO ORGANIZA- ‘‘(B) provide loans of $300 or less in 1995 able until expended. TIONS OR PROGRAMS SUPPORTING OR PARTICI- United States dollars to such poor members SEC. 3222. CHILD SURVIVAL ACTIVITIES, VITAMIN PATING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ABORTION OR of society. A DEFICIENCY PROGRAM, AND RE- INVOLUNTARY STERILIZATION PROGRAMS.— ‘‘(4) The administrator of the agency pri- LATED ACTIVITIES. Section 104(b) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2151b(b)), marily responsible for administering this (a) CHILD SURVIVAL ACTIVITIES.— as amended by subsection (a), is further part shall strengthen appropriate mecha- (1) IN GENERAL.—(A) Of the amounts made amended— nisms, including mechanisms for central available to carry out the provisions of law (1) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘In microenterprise programs, for the purpose described in paragraph (2) for fiscal years order to’’ and inserting ‘‘(1) In order to’’; and of— 1996 and 1997, not less than $280,000,000 for (2) by adding at the end the following new ‘‘(A) providing technical support for field each such fiscal year shall be made available paragraph: missions; only for activities which have a direct meas- ‘‘(2) None of the funds made available to ‘‘(B) strengthening the institutional devel- urable impact on rates of child morbidity carry out this subsection may be made avail- opment of the intermediary organizations and mortality, with a particular emphasis on able to any organization or program which, described in paragraph (2); and delivery of community-based primary health as determined by the President, supports or ‘‘(C) sharing information relating to the care and health education services which participates in the management of a pro- provision of assistance authorized under benefit the poorest of the poor. gram of coercive abortion or involuntary paragraph (1) between such field missions (B) Of the amounts made available under sterilization.’’. and intermediary organizations. subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year, not less (c) PROHIBITION ON DISCRIMINATION WITH ‘‘(b) MONITORING SYSTEM.—In order to than $30,000,000 for such fiscal year shall be RESPECT TO GRANTS FOR NATURAL FAMILY maximize the sustainable development im- provided to private and voluntary organiza- PLANNING.—Section 104(b) of such Act (22 pact of the assistance authorized under sub- tions under the PVO Child Survival grants U.S.C. 2151b(b)), as amended by subsections section (a)(1), the administrator of the agen- program carried out by the agency primarily (a) and (b), is further amended by adding at cy primarily responsible for administering responsible for administering part I of the the end the following new paragraph: this part shall establish a monitoring system Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. ‘‘(3) In providing grants for natural family that— (2) PROVISIONS OF LAW.—The provisions of planning under this subsection, the adminis- ‘‘(1) establishes performance goals for such law described in this paragraph are the fol- trator of the agency primarily responsible assistance and expresses such goals in an ob- lowing: for administering this part shall not dis- jective and quantifiable form, to the extent (A) Sections 103 through 106 of the Foreign criminate against applicants because of any feasible; Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a religious or conscientious commitment by ‘‘(2) establishes performance indicators to through 2151d; relating to the development such applicants to offer only natural family be used in measuring or assessing the assistance fund). planning services.’’. achievement of the goals and objectives of (B) Chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign As- (d) CLARIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO PROHI- such assistance; and sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.; re- BITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR ABORTIONS.— ‘‘(3) provides a basis for recommendations lating to the Development Fund for Africa). Section 104(f)(1) of such Act (22 U.S.C. for adjustments to such assistance to en- (C) Chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign As- 2151b(f)(1)) is amended— hance the sustainable development impact of sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.; re- (1) by striking ‘‘None of the funds’’ and in- such assistance, particularly the impact of lating to the economic support fund). serting ‘‘(A) None of the funds’’; and such assistance on the very poor, particu- (D) The ‘‘Multilateral Assistance Initiative (2) by adding at the end the following new larly poor women.’’. for the Philippines’’ program. subparagraph: May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5441 ‘‘(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the vate sector and nongovernmental organiza- work of social justice, respect for human term ‘motivate’ shall not be construed to tions that are independent of government rights, political democracy, and market-ori- prohibit the provision, consistent with local ownership and control; ented economies, there is a compelling need law, of information and counseling concern- ‘‘(7) for the government of any independent for the achievement of social and economic ing all pregnancy options, including abor- state that the President determines directs advancement and the consolidation of politi- tion.’’. any action in violation of the territorial in- cal democracy and the rule of law adequate SEC. 3224. ASSISTANCE FOR THE INDEPENDENT tegrity or national sovereignty of any other to meet the legitimate aspirations of the in- STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET new independent state, except that this para- dividual citizens of the countries of Latin UNION. graph shall not apply to the provision of America and the Caribbean for a better way (a) CONDITIONS ON ASSISTANCE.—Section such assistance for purposes of— of life. 498A(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ‘‘(A) humanitarian, disaster, and refugee ‘‘(5) The prosperity, security, and well- (22 U.S.C. 2295a(b)) is amended— relief; or being of the United States is linked directly (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the ‘‘(B) assisting democratic political reform, to peace, prosperity, and democracy in Latin end; rule of law activities, and the creation of pri- America and the Caribbean. (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as para- vate sector and nongovernmental organiza- ‘‘(6) Democratic values are dominant graph (10); and tions that are independent of government throughout Latin America and the Carib- (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol- ownership and control; bean region and nearly all governments in lowing new paragraphs: ‘‘(8) for the purpose of enhancing the mili- such region have come to power through ‘‘(5) for the Government of Russia, unless tary capability of any independent state, ex- democratic elections. the President certifies to the Congress that cept that this paragraph shall not apply to ‘‘(7) Nonetheless, existing democratic gov- such Government— demilitarization, defense conversion or non- ernments and their supporting institutions ‘‘(A) is pursuing, without preconditions, an proliferation programs, or programs to sup- remain fragile and face critical challenges, immediate and permanent ceasefire, and is port troop withdrawal including through the including, in particular, the consolidation of pursuing a negotiated settlement to the con- support of an officer resettlement program, civilian control of such governments and in- flict in the Russian Federation Republic of and technical assistance for the housing sec- stitutions, including control of the military, Chechnya; tor; the consolidation or establishment of inde- ‘‘(B) is taking steps to provide unhindered ‘‘(9) for the Government of Russia if the pendent judicial institutions and of the rule access to the region of Chechnya and sur- President determines that Government— of law, and where appropriate, the decen- rounding areas of the Russian Federation by ‘‘(A) is not making progress in implement- tralization of government. elected officials of the Russian Federation ing comprehensive economic reforms based ‘‘(8) In adherence to free market principles, and by independent Russian media; on market principles, including fostering it is essential to promote economic growth ‘‘(C) is cooperating with the Organization private ownership, the repayment of com- with equity—enlarging employment and de- for Security and Cooperation in Europe and mercial debt, the respect of commercial con- cisionmaking opportunities and the provi- other appropriate international organiza- tracts, the equitable treatment of foreign sion of basic social services for traditionally tions in undertaking steps to investigate and private investment; or marginalized groups, such as indigenous mi- prosecute any and all individuals, including ‘‘(B) applies or transfers assistance pro- norities, women, and the poor—and to pro- members of the Russian armed forces and in- vided under this chapter to any entity for tect and promote workers rights. ternal security agencies, who may be respon- the purpose of expropriating or seizing own- ‘‘(9) By supporting the purposes and objec- sible for atrocities, war crimes, or crimes ership or control of assets, investments, or tives of sustainable development and apply- against humanity in the region of Chechnya; ventures; or’’. ing such purposes and objectives to Latin ‘‘(D) is cooperating with the Assistance (b) ASSISTANCE THROUGH THE PRIVATE SEC- America and the Caribbean, the Develop- Group of the Organization on Security and TOR.—Section 498B(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C. ment Fund for Latin America and the Carib- Cooperation in Europe established in 2295b(a)) is amended to read as follows: bean can advance the national interests of Chechnya in fulfilling that mission’s man- ‘‘(a) ASSISTANCE THROUGH THE PRIVATE the United States and can directly improve date; SECTOR.—Assistance under this chapter shall the lives of the poor, encourage broad-based ‘‘(E) is cooperating in assuring the be provided, to the maximum extent feasible, economic growth while protecting the envi- unhindered delivery of humanitarian assist- through the private sector, including private ronment, build human capital and knowl- ance to the civilian population in Chechnya; and voluntary organizations and other non- edge, support participation in democracy, ‘‘(F) has made the fullest possible account- governmental organizations functioning in and promote peace and justice in Latin ing of all persons currently detained by Rus- the independent states of the former Soviet America and the Caribbean. sian military or security forces as a result of Union.’’. ‘‘SEC. 499A. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE. the conflict in Chechnya and has allowed ac- (c) WAIVER OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.—Sec- ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is author- cess to those individuals by the Inter- tion 498B(j)(1) of such Act (22 U.S.C. ized to provide assistance for Latin America national Committee of the Red Cross; 2295b(j)(1)) is amended in the matter preced- and the Caribbean to promote democracy, ‘‘(G) is taking steps to repatriate refugees ing subparagraph (A)— sustainable development, and economic and displaced persons wishing to return to (1) by striking ‘‘for fiscal year 1993 by this growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. Chechnya; and chapter’’ and inserting ‘‘to carry out this ‘‘(b) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Assistance ‘‘(H) is taking steps to hold free and fair chapter’’; and under this chapter shall be provided on such elections in Chechnya, based on the prin- (2) by striking ‘‘appropriated for fiscal year terms and conditions as the President may ciples of the Organization on Security and 1993’’. determine. Cooperation in Europe and conducted in the SEC. 3225. DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR LATIN ‘‘SEC. 499B. AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS. AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN. presence of foreign and domestic observers; ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made except that this paragraph shall not apply to Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 available to carry out the provisions of law the provision of such assistance for purposes (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended by adding described in subsection (b) for fiscal year 1996 of humanitarian, disaster, and refugee relief at the end the following new chapter: and for each succeeding fiscal year, not less or assisting democratic political reform and ‘‘CHAPTER 12—DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR than an amount requested by the President rule of law activities, provision of technical LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN and approved by the Congress in appropria- assistance for safety upgrade of civilian nu- ‘‘SEC. 499. STATEMENT OF POLICY. tions Acts shall be made available to carry clear power plants, and assisting in the cre- ‘‘The Congress declares the following: out this chapter. ation of private sector and nongovernmental ‘‘(1) The historic, economic, political, and ‘‘(b) PROVISIONS OF LAW.—The provisions of organizations that are independent of gov- geographic relationships among the coun- law described in this subsection are the fol- ernment ownership and control; tries of the Western Hemisphere are unique lowing: ‘‘(6) for the government of any independent and of continuing special significance. ‘‘(1) Sections 103 through 106 of this Act state that has agreed to provide nuclear re- ‘‘(2) Following the historic Summit of the (relating to the development assistance actor components to Iran, unless the Presi- Americas and the passage of the North fund). dent determines that the sale of such compo- American Free Trade Agreement, the coun- ‘‘(2) Chapter 8 of this part (relating to nents to Iran includes safeguards that are tries of the Western Hemisphere have moved international narcotics control). consistent with the national security objec- steadfastly toward economic and political ‘‘(3) Chapter 4 of part II of this Act (relat- tives of the United States and the concerns integration. ing to the economic support fund). of the United States with respect to non- ‘‘(3) The interests of the countries of the ‘‘(4) Chapter 5 of part II of this Act (relat- proliferation of nuclear weapons technology, Western Hemisphere are more interrelated ing to international military education and except that this paragraph shall not apply to than ever, and sound economic, social, and training). the provision of such of assistance for pur- democratic progress in each of the countries ‘‘(5) Titles II and III of the Agricultural poses of— continues to be of importance to all coun- Trade Development and Assistance Act of ‘‘(A) humanitarian, disaster, and refugee tries, and lack of it in any country may have 1954. relief; or serious repercussions in others. ‘‘(6) The ‘Foreign Military Financing Pro- ‘‘(B) assisting democratic political reform, ‘‘(4) For the peoples of Latin America and gram’ under section 23 of the Arms Export rule of law activities, and the creation of pri- the Caribbean to progress within the frame- Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763). H 5442 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

‘‘(c) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts made avail- pean Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 which, CHAPTER 5—HOUSING GUARANTEE able under this section are authorized to re- at a minimum, is equal to the aggregate PROGRAM main available until expended.’’. amount allocated to such organizations and SEC. 3251. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEC. 3226. EFFECTIVENESS OF UNITED STATES cooperatives under such Acts for fiscal year FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE. 1994. (a) IN GENERAL.—(1) Subject to paragraph Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assist- (b) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec- (2), there are authorized to be appropriated ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.), as tion, the term ‘‘private and voluntary orga- $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $6,000,000 for amended by this Act, is further amended by nization’’ means a private nongovernmental fiscal year 1997 for administrative expenses adding at the end the following new section: organization which— to carry out guaranteed loan programs under ‘‘SEC. 130. EFFECTIVENESS OF UNITED STATES (1) is organized under the laws of a coun- sections 221 and 222 of the Foreign Assist- DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE. try; ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2181 and 2182). ‘‘(a) REPORTS.—Not later than December (2) receives funds from private sources; (2) Amounts authorized to be appropriated 31, 1996, and December 31 of each third year (3) operates on a not-for-profit basis with under paragraph (1) may be made available thereafter, the President shall transmit to appropriate tax-exempt status if the laws of only for— the Congress a report which analyzes, on a the country grant such status to not-for- (A) administrative expenses incurred with country-by-country basis, the impact and ef- profit organizations; respect to guaranties issued before the date fectiveness of the United States development (4) is voluntary in that it receives vol- of the enactment of this Act; or (B) expenses incurred with respect to ac- assistance provided during the preceding untary contributions of money, time, or in- tivities related to the collection of amounts three fiscal years. Each report shall include kind support from the public; and paid by the United States in the discharge of the following for each recipient country: (5) is engaged or intends to be engaged in liabilities under guaranties issued under sec- ‘‘(1) An analysis of the impact of United voluntary, charitable, development, or hu- tion 222 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 States development assistance during the manitarian assistance activities. preceding three fiscal years on development (22 U.S.C. 2182). SEC. 3228. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS RELATING (b) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts authorized to in that country, with a discussion of the TO UNITED STATES COOPERATIVES be appropriated under subsection (a) are au- United States interests that were served by AND CREDIT UNIONS. thorized to remain available until expended. the assistance. Such analysis shall be done It is the sense of the Congress that— SEC. 3252. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. on a sector-by-sector basis to the extent pos- (1) United States cooperatives and credit (a) EXPIRATION OF AUTHORITY.—Section sible and shall identify any economic policy unions can provide an opportunity for people 222(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 reforms which were promoted by the assist- in developing countries to participate di- (22 U.S.C. 2182(a)) is amended by striking the ance. Such analysis shall— rectly in democratic decisionmaking for third sentence and inserting the following: ‘‘(A) include a description, quantified to their economic and social benefit through ‘‘No guaranties may be issued under this sec- the extent practicable, of the specific objec- ownership and control of business enter- tion on or after the date of the enactment of tives the United States sought to achieve in prises and through the mobilization of local the Foreign Aid Reduction Act of 1995.’’. providing development assistance for that capital and savings; and (b) CANCELLATION OF CERTAIN EXISTING country; and (2) such organizations should be utilized in GUARANTIES.—Section 222 of such Act (22 ‘‘(B) specify the extent to which those ob- fostering democracy, free markets, commu- U.S.C. 2182) is amended— jectives were not achieved, with an expla- nity-based development, and self-help (1) by redesignating subsection (k) as sub- nation of why they were not achieved. projects. section (d); and ‘‘(2) A description of the amount and na- (2) by adding at the end the following new ture of development assistance provided by Subchapter B—Operating Expenses subsection: other donors during the preceding three fis- SEC. 3231. OPERATING EXPENSES GENERALLY. ‘‘(e) The President shall cancel all guaran- cal years, set forth by development sector to ties issued under this section with respect to Section 667(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance the extent possible. which eligible investors have not (before the Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2427(a)(1)) is amended to ‘‘(3) A discussion of the commitment of the date of the enactment of the Foreign Aid Re- read as follows: host government to addressing the country’s duction Act of 1995) applied such guaranties ‘‘(1) $465,774,000 for fiscal year 1996 and needs in each development sector, including to loans for projects under this title.’’. $419,196,000 for fiscal year 1997 for necessary a description of the resources devoted by (c) PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE FOR ENTI- operating expenses of the agency primarily that government to each development sector TIES IN DEFAULT AND CERTAIN OTHER ENTI- responsible for administering part I of this during the preceding three fiscal years. TIES.—Section 620 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2370) ‘‘(4) A description of the trends, both favor- Act (other than the office of the inspector is amended by inserting after subsection (u) able and unfavorable, in each development general of such agency); and’’. the following new subsection: sector. SEC. 3232. OPERATING EXPENSES OF THE OFFICE ‘‘(v)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), no assist- ‘‘(5) Statistical and other information nec- OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL. ance shall be furnished under this Act to any essary to evaluate the impact and effective- Section 667(a) of the Foreign Assistance entity that— ness of United States development assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2427(a)), as amended by ‘‘(A) fails to make timely payments on on development in the country. this Act, is further amended— loans with respect to which guaranties have ‘‘(b) LISTING OF MOST AND LEAST SUCCESS- (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para- been issued under title III of chapter 2 of FUL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.—Each report re- graph (3); part I of this Act (relating to housing and quired by this section shall identify— (2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para- other credit guaranty programs); or ‘‘(1) those five countries in which United graph (1); and ‘‘(B) causes amounts (including amounts States development assistance has been most (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol- for administrative expenses) to be paid by successful; and lowing: the United States in the discharge of liabil- ‘‘(2) those five countries in which United ‘‘(2) $35,206,000 for fiscal year 1996 and ities under guaranties issued under such States development assistance has been least $31,685,000 for fiscal year 1997 for necessary title, unless such entity has reimbursed the successful. operating expenses of the office of the in- United States for such amounts. For each country listed pursuant to para- spector general of such agency; and’’. ‘‘(2) The President may waive the prohibi- graph (2), the report shall explain why the tion in paragraph (1) with respect to an en- assistance was not more successful and shall CHAPTER 4—PUBLIC LAW 480 tity if the President determines that it is in specify what the United States has done as a SEC. 3241. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE FOR TITLE II. the national interest of the United States to result. furnish assistance under this Act to such en- Section 204(a) of the Agricultural Trade tity.’’. ‘‘(c) REPORT TO BEA SEPARATE DOCU- Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 MENT.—Each report required by this section U.S.C. 1724(a)) is amended— CHAPTER 6—PEACE CORPS shall be submitted to the Congress as a sepa- (1) in paragraph (1)(E), by striking ‘‘for fis- SEC. 3261. PEACE CORPS. rate document. cal year 1995’’ and inserting ‘‘for each of the Section 3(b) of the Peace Corps Act (22 ‘‘(d) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, fiscal years 1995 through 1997’’; and U.S.C. 2502(b)) is amended to read as follows: the terms ‘United States development assist- (2) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking ‘‘for fis- ‘‘(b)(1) There are authorized to be appro- ance’ and ‘development assistance’ means as- cal year 1995’’ and inserting ‘‘for each of the priated to carry out the purposes of this Act sistance under this chapter.’’. fiscal years 1995 through 1997’’. $219,745,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 SEC. 3227. FUNDING FOR PRIVATE AND VOL- and 1997. UNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND CO- SEC. 3242. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS ‘‘(2) Amounts authorized to be appro- OPERATIVES. FOR TITLE III. priated under paragraph (1)— (a) IN GENERAL.—For each of the fiscal No funds are authorized to be appropriated (1) with respect to fiscal year 1996 are au- years 1996 and 1997, the President shall allo- for either of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for thorized to remain available until September cate an aggregate amount to private and vol- the provision of agricultural commodities 30, 1997; and untary organizations and cooperatives under under title III of the Agricultural Trade De- (2) with respect to fiscal year 1997 are au- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 thorized to remain available until September 2151 et seq.) and the Support for East Euro- U.S.C. 1727 et seq.). 30, 1998.’’. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5443 SEC. 3262. ACTIVITIES OF THE PEACE CORPS IN SEC. 3282. FUNDING REQUIREMENTS RELATING (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para- THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. TO UNITED STATES PRIVATE AND graph (5); and (a) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS. (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- available for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 123(g) of the For- lowing new paragraphs: carry out chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. ‘‘(3) the votes of each member of the Unit- Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.; 2151u(g)) is amended to read as follows: ed Nations Commission on Human Rights on relating to assistance for the independent ‘‘(g) Funds made available to carry out all country-specific and thematic resolutions states of the former Soviet Union), not more this chapter or chapter 10 of this part may voted on at the Commission’s annual session than $11,600,000 for each such fiscal year shall not be made available to any United States during the period covered during the preced- be available for activities of the Peace Corps private and voluntary organization, except ing year; in the independent states of the former So- any cooperative development organization, ‘‘(4) the extent to which each country has viet Union (as defined in section 3 of the that obtains less than 20 percent of its total extended protection to refugees, including Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian annual financial support for its international the provision of first asylum and resettle- Democracies and Open Markets Support Act activities from sources other than the Unit- ment; and’’. of 1992). ed States Government.’’. (b) SECTION 502B REPORT.—Section 502B(b) (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2304(b)) is amended by (b) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts made avail- made by subsection (a) applies with respect able under subsection (a)— adding after the second sentence the follow- to funds made available for programs of any ing new sentence: ‘‘Each report under this (1) with respect to fiscal year 1996 are au- United States private and voluntary organi- thorized to remain available until September section shall list the votes of each member of zation on or after the date of the enactment the United Nations Commission on Human 30, 1997; and of this Act. (2) with respect to fiscal year 1997 are au- Rights on all country-specific and thematic SEC. 3283. DOCUMENTATION REQUESTED OF PRI- thorized to remain available until September resolutions voted on at the Commission’s an- VATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZA- nual session during the period covered dur- 30, 1998. TIONS. ing the preceding year.’’. SEC. 3263. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR Section 620 of the Foreign Assistance Act ABORTIONS. of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370), as amended by this SEC. 3286. DEOBLIGATION OF CERTAIN UNEX- PENDED ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE Section 15 of the Peace Corps Act (22 Act, is further amended by inserting after FUNDS. U.S.C. 2514) is amended by adding at the end subsection (v) (as added by this Act) the fol- Chapter 3 of part III of the Foreign Assist- the following new subsection: lowing new subsection: ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2401 et seq.) is ‘‘(e) Funds made available for the purposes ‘‘(w) None of the funds made available to amended by adding at the end the following: carry out this Act shall be available to any of this Act may not be used to pay for abor- ‘‘SEC. 668. DEOBLIGATION OF CERTAIN UNEX- tions.’’. private and voluntary organization which— PENDED ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE ‘‘(1) fails to provide upon timely request FUNDS. CHAPTER 7—INTERNATIONAL DISASTER any document, file, or record necessary to ‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT TO DEOBLIGATE.— ASSISTANCE the auditing requirements of the agency pri- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in SEC. 3271. AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE RECON- marily responsible for administering part I subsection (b) of this section and in para- STRUCTION ASSISTANCE. of this Act; or graphs (1) and (3) of section 617(a) of this Act, Section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act ‘‘(2) is not registered with the agency pri- at the beginning of each fiscal year the of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292) is amended— marily responsible for administering part I President shall deobligate and return to the (1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘and reha- of this Act.’’. Treasury, any funds described in paragraph bilitation’’ and inserting ‘‘, rehabilitation, SEC. 3284. FOREIGN GOVERNMENT PARKING (2) that, as of the end of the preceding fiscal and reconstruction’’; and FINES. year, have been obligated for a project or ac- (2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘and reha- (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of part III of tivity for a period of more than 3 years but bilitation’’ and inserting ‘‘, rehabilitation, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. have not been expended. and reconstruction’’. 2351 et seq.), as amended by this Act, is fur- ‘‘(2) FUNDS.—Paragraph (1) applies to funds ther amended by adding at the end the fol- made available for— SEC. 3272. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIA- lowing new section: TIONS. ‘‘(A) assistance under chapter 1 of part I of ‘‘SEC. 620I. FOREIGN GOVERNMENT PARKING this Act (relating to development assist- Section 492(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C. FINES. ance), chapter 10 of part I of this Act (relat- 2292a(a)) is amended to read as follows: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An amount equivalent ing to the Development Fund for Africa), or ‘‘(a) There are authorized to be appro- to 110 percent of the total unpaid fully adju- chapter 4 of part II of this Act (relating to priated to the President to carry out section dicated parking fines and penalties owed to the economic support fund); 491, in addition to funds otherwise available the District of Columbia, Virginia, Mary- ‘‘(B) assistance under the ‘Multilateral As- for such purposes, $200,000,000 for each of the land, and New York by the government of a sistance Initiative for the Philippines’; fiscal years 1996 and 1997.’’. foreign country as of the end of a fiscal year, ‘‘(C) assistance under the Support for East CHAPTER 8—OTHER PROVISIONS as certified to the President by the chief ex- European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989; and ecutive officer of each State or District, ‘‘(D) economic assistance for the independ- SEC. 3281. EXEMPTION FROM RESTRICTIONS ON shall be withheld from obligation for such ASSISTANCE THROUGH NON- ent states of the former Soviet Union under GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. country out of funds available in the next this Act or under any other Act authorizing fiscal year to carry out part I of this Act, Section 123(e) of the Foreign Assistance economic assistance for such independent until the requirement of subsection (b) is Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151u(e)) is amended to states. satisfied. ‘‘(b) EXCEPTIONS.—The President, on a read as follows: ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENT.—The requirement of case-by-case basis, may waive the require- ‘‘(e)(1) Subject to paragraph (3), restric- this subsection is satisfied when the Sec- ment of subsection (a)(1) if the President de- tions contained in this Act or any other pro- retary of State determines and certifies to termines, and reports to the appropriate con- vision of law with respect to assistance for a the appropriate congressional committees gressional committees, that— country shall not be construed to restrict as- that such fines and penalties are fully paid ‘‘(1) the funds are being used for a con- sistance under this chapter, chapter 10, or to the governments of the District of Colum- struction project that requires more than 3 chapter 11 of this part in support of pro- bia, Virginia, Maryland, and New York. years to complete; or grams of nongovernmental organizations. ‘‘(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- ‘‘(2) the funds have not been expended be- ‘‘(2) The President shall take into consider- TEES DEFINED.—For purposes of this section, cause of unforeseen circumstances, and those ation, in any case in which a restriction on the term ‘appropriate congressional commit- circumstances could not have been reason- assistance for a country would be applicable tees’ means the Committee on International ably foreseen. but for this subsection, whether assistance Relations and the Committee on Appropria- ‘‘(c) COMMENTS BY INSPECTOR GENERAL.—As for programs of nongovernmental organiza- tions of the House of Representatives and soon as possible after the submission of a re- tions is in the national interest of the United the Committee on Foreign Relations and the port pursuant to subsection (b), the Inspec- States. Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- tor General of the agency primarily respon- ‘‘(3) Whenever the authority of this sub- ate.’’. sible for administering part I of this Act section is used to furnish assistance for a (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment shall submit to the appropriate congres- program of a nongovernmental organization, made by subsection (a) shall apply with re- sional committees such comments as the In- the President shall notify the congressional spect to fines certified as of the end of fiscal spector General considers appropriate with committees specified in section 634A(a) of year 1995 or any fiscal year thereafter. regard to the determination described in this Act in accordance with procedures appli- SEC. 3285. HUMAN RIGHTS REPORTS. that report. cable to reprogramming notifications under (a) SECTION 116 REPORT.—Section 116(d) of ‘‘(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- that section. Such notification shall describe the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. TEES.—As used in this section, the term ‘ap- the program assisted, the assistance pro- 2151n) is amended— propriate congressional committees’ means vided, and the reasons for furnishing such as- (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the Committee on International Relations sistance.’’. the end; and the Committee on Appropriations of the H 5444 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 House of Representatives and the Committee gation or expenditure of assistance on or Democracy and related nongovernmental on Foreign Relations and the Committee on after the date of the enactment of this Act. groups; or Appropriations of the Senate.’’. SEC. 3302. ASSISTANCE FOR NICARAGUA. (6) programs to promote civilian control of TITLE XXXIII—REGIONAL PROVISIONS (a) RESTRICTIONS.—Amounts made avail- the military. (d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- SEC. 3301. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO FOR- able for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for assist- ance under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign TEES DEFINED.—For purposes of this section, EIGN GOVERNMENTS PROVIDING AS- the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com- SISTANCE TO CUBA. Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.; mittees’’ means the Committee on Inter- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 620 of the Foreign relating to development assistance) or chap- national Relations and the Committee on Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370), as ter 4 of part II of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 et Appropriations of the House of Representa- amended by this Act, is further amended by seq.; relating to the economic support fund), tives and the Committee on Foreign Rela- adding at the end the following new sub- including any unobligated balances of prior tions and the Committee on Appropriations section: appropriations, may only be made available of the Senate. ‘‘(y)(1) No assistance may be provided to the Government of Nicaragua if the Sec- retary of State determines and certifies to SEC. 3303. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING under this Act (other than humanitarian as- RELATIONS WITH BURMA. sistance and assistance for refugees) for a fis- the appropriate congressional committees It is the sense of the Congress that— cal year to any foreign government that the that— (1) official United States trade delegations President determines has provided economic (1) a full and independent investigation has to Burma should be indefinitely suspended; assistance to or engaged in nonmarket-based been completed of the weapons caches dis- (2) visits to Burma by senior officials of trade with the Government of Cuba or any covered after the May 23, 1993, Santa Rosa the United States Government should be entity controlled by such Government in the arms cache explosion, including an inves- minimized until Aung San Suu Kyi is re- preceding fiscal year. tigation of passports, identity papers, and leased from house arrest; ‘‘(2) The President may waive the require- other documents found at weapons sites indi- (3) the Secretary of Labor should submit to ments of paragraph (1) if— cating the existence of a terrorist or kidnap- the Congress a report on labor practices in ‘‘(A) the President certifies to the congres- ping ring and whether the terrorist network Burma so that Members of Congress can bet- sional committees specified in section 634A was involved in the February 1993 World ter inform constituents, including stock- of this Act (in accordance with procedures Trade Center bombing; holders and business leaders of the United applicable to reprogramming of funds under (2) prosecutions have been initiated States companies which transact commerce that section) that the provision of such as- against all individuals, including govern- with Burma, on labor conditions in that sistance is vital to the national security of ment officials and members of the armed country; the United States; or forces or security forces of Nicaragua, identi- (4) the Secretary of State should submit to ‘‘(B) the President determines and reports fied in the investigation described in para- the Congress a report on resource exploi- to the Congress that the Government of graph (1); tation and environmental degradation in Cuba has met the requirements contained in (3) Nicaragua has made substantial Burma; section 1708 of the of progress in meeting the requirements set (5) no assistance should be used for cooper- 1992 (22 U.S.C. 6001 et seq.). forth in section 527 of the Foreign Relations ative counternarcotics efforts between the ‘‘(3) Not later than February 1st each year, Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 United States and members of the State Law the President shall prepare and transmit to (relating to expropriation of United States and Order Restoration Committee (SLORC) the appropriate congressional committees a property); regime; report containing a list of all foreign govern- (4) substantial progress has been made in (6) the United States should discourage the ments that the President has determined the timely implementation of all rec- Association of Southeast Asian Nations have provided economic assistance to or en- ommendations made by the Tripartite Com- (ASEAN) from including the SLORC regime gaged in nonmarket-based trade with the mission with respect to individuals respon- in ASEAN activities; Government of Cuba in the preceding fiscal sible for assassinations, including the imme- (7) the Secretary of State should submit to year. diate suspension of all individuals from the the Congress a report which outlines a strat- ‘‘(4) For purposes of this subsection— Sandinista Army and security forces who egy for encouraging democratic transition in ‘‘(A) the term ‘appropriate congressional were named in such recommendations, and Burma; and committees’ means the Committee on Inter- the expeditious prosecution of such individ- (8) the United States should encourage its national Relations and the Committee on uals; allies to restrict the relations of such allies Appropriations of the House of Representa- (5) all individuals responsible for the mur- with Burma in accordance with this section. tives and the Committee on Foreign Rela- ders of Jean Paul Genie, Arges Sequeira, and SEC. 3304. DEBT RESTRUCTURING FOR EGYPT. tions and the Committee on Appropriations Enrique Bermudez have been removed from (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- of the Senate; the military and security forces of Nica- lowing findings: ‘‘(B) the term ‘humanitarian assistance’ ragua, and judicial proceedings against these (1) The Government of Egypt owes the means food (including the monetization of individuals have been initiated; United States Government over $6,000,000,000 food), clothing, medicine, and medical sup- (6) specific changes have been implemented from prior economic assistance credit pro- plies; and which have resulted in verifiable civilian grams. ‘‘(C) the term ‘nonmarket-based trade’ in- control over the Sandinista military, secu- (2) Current annual debt service payments cludes exports, imports, exchanges, or other rity forces, and police; and by Egypt to the United States are approxi- trade arrangements under which goods or (7) genuine, effective, and concrete reforms mately $270,000,000, will climb in the near fu- services are provided on terms more favor- in the Nicaraguan judicial system have been ture to $350,000,000, and will continue until able than those generally available in appli- initiated. the year 2021. cable markets or for comparable commod- (b) CONTENTS OF CERTIFICATION.— (3) Egypt’s debt service to the United ities, including— (1) IN GENERAL.—A certification made pur- States results in reduced investment capital ‘‘(i) exports to the Government of Cuba on suant to subsection (a) shall include a de- and slower economic growth in Egypt. terms that involve a grant, concessional tailed accounting of all evidence in support (4) Restructuring Egypt’s debt burden, and price, guaranty, insurance, or subsidy; of the determinations listed in paragraphs (1) buying down Egypt’s debt, could substan- ‘‘(ii) imports from the Government of Cuba through (7) of such subsection. tially reduce over time Egypt’s requirement at preferential tariff rates; and (2) FORM.—A certification made pursuant for economic assistance. ‘‘(iii) exchange arrangements that include to subsection (a) shall be submitted in un- (5) Addressing Egypt’s debt burden is in advance delivery of commodities, arrange- classified form, and, to the extent necessary, the mutual interest of Egypt and the United ments in which the Government of Cuba is classified form. States. not held accountable for unfulfilled exchange (c) EXCEPTION TO RESTRICTIONS.—The re- (b) REPORT.—(1) Not later than January 31, contracts, and arrangements under which strictions on the availability of funds in sub- 1996, the Secretary of State and the Sec- such Government does not pay appropriate section (a) shall not apply to support for— retary of the Treasury shall develop and sub- transportation, insurance, or finance costs.’’. (1) programs facilitating the resolution of mit to the appropriate congressional com- (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— United States citizen property claims; mittee options to restructure Egypt’s debt, (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in (2) the International Commission for Sup- and buy down, over a period of time through paragraph (2), the prohibition on assistance port and Verification of the Organization of the use of funds authorized to be appro- to a foreign government contained in section American States for human rights monitor- priated under chapter 4 of part II of the For- 620(y) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, ing, related assistance programs or election eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et as added by subsection (a), shall apply only observation; seq.; relating to the economic support fund), with respect to assistance provided in fiscal (3) independent human rights groups in all outstanding debt owed by the Govern- years beginning on or after the date of the Nicaragua; ment of Egypt to the United States Govern- enactment of this Act. (4) programs intended to ensure free and ment, including debt owed under develop- (2) EXCEPTION.—In the case of the fiscal fair elections in Nicaragua; ment assistance, agriculture, Export-Import year in which this Act is enacted, such pro- (5) democracy-building programs adminis- Bank, and Commodity Credit Corporation hibition shall apply with respect to the obli- tered through the National Endowment for credit programs. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5445 (2) The Secretary of State and the Sec- for the independent states of the former So- returned in an unrepaired state or without retary of the Treasury shall develop the op- viet Union) for the purposes of— modifications for which they were originally tions required by paragraph (1) in such a way (A) humanitarian, disaster, or refugee re- imported into the United States. as to enable the United States to reduce as- lief; or SEC. 3308. ELIGIBILITY OF PANAMA UNDER ARMS sistance to Egypt in the future under chap- (B) assisting democratic political reform EXPORT CONTROL ACT. ter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act and rule of law activities, and assisting in The Government of the Republic of Pan- of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.; relating to the the creation of private sector and nongovern- ama shall be eligible to purchase defense ar- economic support fund). In the development mental organizations that are independent of ticles and defense services under the Arms of such options, the Secretaries shall consult government ownership and control. Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), with the Secretary of Commerce for the pur- SEC. 3306. ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN. except as otherwise specifically provided by pose of determining the impact of the op- Section 620E(e) of the Foreign Assistance law. tions required under paragraph (1) on the Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2375(e)) is amended— SEC. 3309. FUTURE OF THE UNITED STATES MILI- level of United States exports to Egypt. (1) by striking ‘‘No assistance shall’’ and TARY PRESENCE IN PANAMA. (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- (3) For purposes of this subsection, the inserting ‘‘(1) Except as provided in para- lowing findings: term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit- graph (2), no assistance shall’’; and (1) The Panama Canal is a vital strategic tees’’ means the Committee on International (2) by adding at the end the following new asset to the United States, its allies, and the Relations and the Committee on Appropria- paragraph: world. tions of the House of Representatives and ‘‘(2)(A) Assistance in support of nongovern- (2) The Treaty on the Permanent Neutral- the Committee on Foreign Relations and the mental organizations or microenterprises ity and Operation of the Panama Canal Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. under chapter 1 of part I of this Act (relating signed on September 7, 1977, provides that to development assistance) and assistance SEC. 3305. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO FOR- Panama and the United States have the re- EIGN GOVERNMENTS PROVIDING AS- under the provisions of law described in sub- SISTANCE TO IRAN. sponsibility to assure that the Panama paragraph (B) may be made available for Canal will remain open and secure. (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- Pakistan. (3) Such Treaty also provides that each of lowing findings: ‘‘(B) The provisions of law described in this the two countries shall, in accordance with (1) Iran is engaged in an intensive effort to subparagraph are the following: their respective constitutional processes, de- develop nuclear weapons and some nations ‘‘(i) Title IV of chapter 2 of part I of this fend the Canal against any threat to the re- have indicated that they are prepared to co- Act (relating to the Overseas Private Invest- gime of neutrality, and consequently shall operate with Iran in the nuclear field. ment Corporation). have the right to act against any aggression (2) The possession of nuclear weapons by ‘‘(ii) Chapter 8 of part I of this Act (relat- or threat directed against the Canal or Iran would represent a serious threat to the ing to international narcotics control). against the peaceful transit of vessels peace and security of the entire Middle East ‘‘(iii) Chapter 5 of part II of this Act (relat- through the Canal. region and an extremely serious challenge to ing to international military education and (4) The United States instrument of ratifi- United States interests in that region. training). cation of such Treaty includes specific lan- (3) The United States places the highest ‘‘(iv) Chapter 8 of part II of this Act (relat- guage that the two countries should consider priority on denying to Iran the capability to ing to antiterrorism assistance). negotiating future arrangements or agree- produce nuclear weapons and systems for the ‘‘(v) Any provision of law under which as- ments to maintain military forces necessary delivery of nuclear weapons and other weap- sistance is available to carry out the follow- to fulfill the responsibility of the two coun- ons of mass destruction. ing activities: tries of maintaining the neutrality of the (4) The sale or transfer to Iran by any ‘‘(I) Aviation safety. Canal after 1999. other government or with the permission of ‘‘(II) Immigration and customs procedures. (5) The Government of Panama, in the bi- any other government of technology that ‘‘(III) Peacekeeping. lateral Protocol of Exchange of instruments may be critical for Iran to develop or deploy ‘‘(IV) Promotion of trade and investment of ratification, expressly ‘‘agreed upon’’ such nuclear weapons is a serious threat to United interests of the United States. arrangements or agreements. States interests. ‘‘(C) Assistance described in subparagraph (6) The United States Navy depends upon (b) ADMISSION TO NATO.—It is the sense of (B)(iii) may be made available for Pakistan the Panama Canal for rapid transit in times the Congress that the United States should under this paragraph for fiscal year 1997 and of emergency, as demonstrated during World vigorously oppose the accession to the North each subsequent fiscal year only if the Presi- War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam con- Atlantic Treaty and the admission to the dent certifies to the Congress for such fiscal flict, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Per- North Atlantic Treaty Organization of any year that the Government of Pakistan is sian Gulf conflict. country which sells or licenses for sale any fully cooperating with United States (7) Drug trafficking and money laundering nuclear or dual-use technology or any mili- counter-narcotics assistance programs and have proliferated in the Western Hemisphere tary weapons, equipment, ammunition or policies.’’. since the Treaty on the Permanent Neutral- munitions of any kind, including any item SEC. 3307. RETURN OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT OF ity and Operation of the Panama Canal was included on any lists covered by the Missile PAKISTAN. signed on September 7, 1977, and such traf- Technology Control Regime, to Iran or to It is the sense of the Congress that— ficking and laundering poses a grave threat any country which the Secretary of State (1) the inability of the President since Oc- to peace and security in the region. has determined repeatedly provides support tober 1, 1990, to make the necessary certifi- (8) Certain facilities now utilized by the for acts of international terrorism pursuant cation under section 620E(e) of the Foreign United States Armed Forces in Panama are to section 6(j) of the Export Administration Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to the nu- critical to combat the trade in illegal drugs. Act of 1979. clear activities of Pakistan) has prevented (9) The United States and Panama share (c) PROHIBITION ON UNITED STATES ASSIST- the delivery of military aircraft for which common policy goals such as strengthening ANCE.—No assistance authorized to be appro- Pakistan made nonrefundable cash payments democracy, expanding economic trade, and priated by this Act or any other Act may be to contractors and unnecessarily com- combating illegal narcotics throughout provided by any agency of the United States plicated the achievement of United States Latin America. Government to the government of any coun- foreign policy and nonproliferation objec- (10) The Government of Panama has dis- try which sells or licenses for sale any nu- tives in South Asia; solved its military forces and has maintained clear or dual-use technology or any military (2) in the absence of a Presidential certifi- only a civilian police organization to defend weapons, equipment, ammunition or muni- cation for Pakistan under section 620E(e) of the Panama Canal against aggression. tions of any kind, including any item in- such Act, the United States should make a (11) Certain public opinion polls in Panama cluded on any lists covered by the Missile determined effort to find a third party buyer suggest that many Panamanians desire a Technology Control Regime, to Iran or to for the such military aircraft and should re- continued United States military presence in any other country which the Secretary of imburse Pakistan with any proceeds derived Panama. State has determined repeatedly provides from a sale to such third party, up to the (b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense support for acts of international terrorism amount paid by Pakistan for such military of the Congress that— pursuant to section 6(j) of the Export Admin- aircraft; and (1) the President should negotiate a new istration Act of 1979. (3) with respect to other military equip- base rights agreement with the Government (d) EXCEPTIONS.—The prohibition in sub- ment imported into the United States from of Panama— section (c) shall not apply to— Pakistan prior to May 1, 1991, for repair or (A) to allow the stationing of United (1) assistance provided to Russia, Belarus, modification by the Department of Defense, States Armed Forces in Panama beyond De- Ukraine, or Kazakhstan under the authori- the return of such military equipment, in- cember 31, 1999; and ties of the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction cluding spare parts thereof, or equivalent (B) to ensure that the United States will be Act of 1991 (title II of Public Law 102–228; 105 equipment or spare parts originally owned able to act appropriately, consistent with Stat. 1691); and by another country, does not constitute a the Panama Canal Treaty, the Treaty Con- (2) assistance provided under chapter 11 of transfer of military equipment under the cerning the Permanent Neutrality and Oper- part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 terms of section 620E(e) of such Act, provided ation of the Panama Canal, and the resolu- (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.; relating to assistance such military equipment or spare parts are tions of ratification thereto, for the purpose H 5446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 of assuring that the Panama Canal shall re- (C) the expeditious passage of legislation the purposes of this Act or the Arms Export main open, neutral, secure, and accessible; to criminalize money laundering; Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), not to ex- and (D) the aggressive eradication of illicit ceed 20 percent of the funds made available (2) the President should consult with the crops, including coca opium, and marijuana; to carry out any provision of this Act (ex- Congress throughout the negotiations de- (E) the elimination of the industrial infra- cept funds made available pursuant to title scribed in paragraph (1). structure of the narcotics trade, including IV of chapter 2 of part I) or section 23 of the SEC. 3310. PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE SOUTH laboratories, precursor chemicals, and air- Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763)— CHINA SEA. craft; ‘‘(1) may be transferred to, and consoli- (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the fol- (F) the destruction of the internal narcot- dated with, the funds in any other account or lowing: ics distribution export system, including the fund available to carry out any provision of (1) The South China Sea is a critically im- use of airports, rivers, and ports for such sys- this Act; and portant waterway through which 25 percent tem; ‘‘(2) may be used for any purpose for which of the world’s ocean freight and 70 percent of (G) the elimination of the island of San funds in that account or fund may be used. Japan’s energy supplies transit. Andres as a illegal narcotics transshipment ‘‘(b) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF INCREASE.— (2) The South China Sea serves as a crucial point; and The total amount in the account or fund for sea lane for United States Navy ships mov- (H) the end of the current policy of the the benefit of which transfer is made under ing between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Government of Colombia under which key subsection (a) during any fiscal year may not particularly in time of emergency. drug traffickers are given lenient sentences be increased by more than 20 percent of the (3) There are a number of competing in return for their surrender; amount of funds otherwise made available. claims to territory in the South China Sea. (5) the Secretary of State should make the ‘‘(c) NOTIFICATION.—The President shall no- (4) The 1992 Manila Declaration adhered to issue of illicit narcotics the highest foreign tify in writing the congressional committees by the Association of South East Asian Na- policy priority of the United States with re- specified in section 634A at least fifteen days tions, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and spect to relations with key illicit drug tran- in advance of each such transfer between ac- the People’s Republic of China calls for all sit and producing nations, such as Colombia; counts in accordance with procedures appli- claimants to territory in the South China and cable to reprogramming notifications under Sea to resolve questions of boundaries (6) the Secretary of State should request such section.’’. through peaceful negotiations. our European allies to join the United States SEC. 3402. AUTHORITY TO MEET UNANTICIPATED (5) The legislature of the People’s Republic in sending a clear message to Colombia on CONTINGENCIES. of China has declared the entire South China the importance of attaining these counter- (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of part III of Sea to be Chinese territorial waters. narcotics goals and objectives in the shortest the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amend- (6) The armed forces of the People’s Repub- possible time so that reductions in United ed by inserting after section 610 (22 U.S.C. lic of China have asserted China’s claim to States foreign assistance will not be nec- 2360) the following new section: the South China Sea through the kidnapping essary in the future. of citizens of the Republic of the Philippines ‘‘SEC. 610A. AUTHORITY TO MEET UNANTICI- SEC. 3312. NOTIFICATION OF ARMS SALES TO PATED CONTINGENCIES. and the construction of military bases on SAUDI ARABIA. ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.— territory claimed by the Philippines. (a) NOTIFICATION.—Until the certification ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to provide for (7) These acts of aggression committed by under subsection (b) is submitted to the Con- any unanticipated contingency in the pro- the armed forces of the People’s Republic of gress, section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export grams, projects, or activities for which as- China against citizens of the Philippines are Control Act shall be applied to sales of Saudi sistance is provided under this Act, the contrary to both international law and to Arabia by substituting in the first sentence President is authorized to use funds made peace and stability in East Asia. ‘‘0’’ for $50,000,000, ‘‘0’’ for $200,000,000, and available to carry out any provision of this (b) POLICY DECLARATIONS.—The Congress— ‘‘0’’ for $14,000,000. Act (other than chapter 1 or chapter 10 of (1) declares the right of free passage (b) CERTIFICATION.—Subsection (a) shall through the South China Sea to be vital to part I of this Act) for the purpose of provid- cease to apply if and when the Secretary of ing assistance authorized by any other provi- the national security interests of the United State certifies and reports in writing to the States, its friends, and allies; sion of this Act in accordance with the provi- Congress that the unpaid claims of American sions applicable to the furnishing of such as- (2) declares that any attempt by a firms against the Government of Saudi Ara- nondemocratic power to assert, through the sistance. bia that are described in the June 30, 1993, re- IMITATION.—The authority of para- use of force or intimidation, its claims to ‘‘(2) L port by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to graph (1) may not be used to authorize the territory in the South China Sea to be a section 9140(c) of the Department of Defense use of more than $40,000,000 in any fiscal matter of grave concern to the United Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102–396; year. States; 106 Stat. 1939), including the additional ‘‘(b) SUPERSEDES OTHER LAWS.—Funds (3) calls upon the Government of the Peo- claims noticed by the Department of Com- made available under the authority of this ple’s Republic of China to adhere faithfully merce on page 2 of that report, have been re- section may be used notwithstanding any to its commitment under the Manila Dec- solved satisfactorily. other provision of law. laration of 1992; and SEC. 3313. ASSISTANCE FOR ZAIRE. ‘‘(c) NOTIFICATION OF CONGRESS.— (4) calls upon the President to review the (a) SECURITY ASSISTANCE.—Assistance may ‘‘(1) NOTIFICATION.—Except as provided in defense needs of democratic countries with not be transferred to the Government of paragraph (2), the President shall notify the claims to territory in the South China Sea. Zaire for each of the fiscal years 1996 and congressional committees specified in sec- SEC. 3311. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING 1997— tion 634A(a) at least 15 days before obligating NARCOTICS CONTROL EFFORTS OF (1) under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign COLOMBIA. any funds under this section in accordance It is the sense of the Congress that— Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.; with the procedures applicable to (1) relations between the United States and relating to the economic support fund); reprogramming notifications under section Colombia are at a critical stage, particularly (2) under chapter 5 of part II of that Act (22 634A(a). following the President’s March 1, 1995, deci- U.S.C. 2347 et seq.; relating to international ‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—The President may waive sion to grant the Government of Colombia a military education and training); or the requirement contained in paragraph (1) if national interest waiver in the 1994 narcotics (3) from the ‘‘Foreign Military Financing the President determines that complying certification determination; Program’’ account under section 23 of the with such requirement would pose a substan- (2) the Government of Colombia has under- Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763). tial risk to human health or welfare. If the (b) DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE.—Assistance taken efforts toward the elimination of drug President exercises the waiver under the pre- under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign As- trafficking organizations, especially the ceding sentence, the President shall notify sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.; re- powerful ‘‘kingpins’’ based in Cali; the congressional committees specified in lating to development assistance) or chapter (3) important advances need to be taken to section 634A(a) as early as practicable, but in 10 of such part (22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.; relating dismantle the operations of criminal enter- no event later than 3 days after the date on to the Development Fund for Africa) for each prises in Colombia which seek to corrupt which the President took the action to of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 shall not be government institutions; which such notification requirement was ap- transferred to the Government of Zaire. (4) the Government of Colombia should be plicable.’’. encouraged to complete specific, attainable TITLE XXXIV—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES AND (b) REPEAL.—Chapter 5 of part I of the For- objectives in its overall narcotics control OTHER PROVISIONS eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2261; re- strategy, including— CHAPTER 1—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES lating to contingencies) is hereby repealed. (A) the arrest and prosecution of the ac- SEC. 3401. ENHANCED TRANSFER AUTHORITY. SEC. 3403. SPECIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY. knowledged leaders of the Cali drug organi- Section 610 of the Foreign Assistance Act Section 614 of the Foreign Assistance Act zation; of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2360) is amended to read as of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2364) is amended to read as (B) the imposition of tougher sentencing of follows: follows: drug traffickers to ensure that such traffick- ‘‘SEC. 610. TRANSFER BETWEEN ACCOUNTS. ‘‘SEC. 614. SPECIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY. ers serve sentences commensurate with their ‘‘(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—Whenever the ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—The President may pro- crimes; President determines it to be necessary for vide assistance and make loans under the May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5447

provisions of law described in subsection (b), vision of law, funds so obligated may remain ‘‘(c) GRADUATION FROM DEVELOPMENT AS- notwithstanding any other provision of law, available until expended. SISTANCE.— if the President determines that to do so is ‘‘(2) Funds obligated to carry out any pro- ‘‘(1) DETERMINATION.—As part of the con- vital to the national interests of the United gram, project, or activity of assistance be- gressional presentation documents transmit- States. fore the effective date of the termination of ted to the Congress under this section, the ‘‘(b) LAWS WHICH MAY BE WAIVED.—The such assistance are authorized to be avail- Secretary of State shall make a separate de- provisions of law described in this subsection able for expenditure for the necessary ex- termination for each country identified in are— penses of winding up such programs, such documents for which bilateral develop- ‘‘(1) this Act; projects, and activities, notwithstanding any ment assistance is requested, estimating the ‘‘(2) the Arms Export Control Act (22 provision of law restricting the expenditure year in which each such country will no U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); of funds, and may be reobligated to meet any longer be receiving bilateral development as- ‘‘(3) any provision of law authorizing the other necessary expenses arising from the sistance. provision of assistance to foreign countries termination of such assistance. ‘‘(2) DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEFINED.— or making appropriations for such assist- ‘‘(3) The necessary expenses of winding up For purposes of this section, the term ‘devel- ance; and programs, projects, and activities of assist- opment assistance’ means assistance under— ‘‘(4) any other provision of law that re- ance include the obligation and expenditure ‘‘(A) chapter 1 of part I of this Act; stricts the authority to provide assistance or of funds to complete the training or studies ‘‘(B) chapter 10 of part I of this Act; make loans under a provision of law de- outside their countries of origin of students ‘‘(C) chapter 11 of part I of this Act; and scribed in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). whose course of study or training program ‘‘(D) the Support for East European De- ‘‘(c) CONSULTATION WITH CONGRESS.—Be- began before assistance was terminated. mocracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et fore exercising the authority under sub- ‘‘(b) LIABILITY TO CONTRACTORS.—For the seq.).’’. section (a), the President shall consult with, purpose of making an equitable settlement SEC. 3412. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO FOR- and shall provide a written policy justifica- of termination claims under extraordinary EIGN GOVERNMENTS ENGAGED IN tion to the Committee on International Re- contractual relief standards, the President is ESPIONAGE AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. lations and the Committee on Appropria- authorized to adopt as a contract or other Chapter 1 of part III of the Foreign Assist- tions of the House of Representatives and obligation of the United States Government, ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370 et seq.), as and assume (in whole or in part) any liabil- the Committee on Foreign Relations and the amended by this Act, is further amended by ities arising thereunder, any contract with a Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. adding at the end the following new section: ‘‘(d) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—A deter- United States or third-country contractor to ‘‘SEC. 620J. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO mination under subsection (a) shall be effec- carry out any program, project, or activity FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS ENGAGED tive only if the President notifies the con- of assistance under this Act that was subse- IN ESPIONAGE AGAINST THE UNIT- gressional committees specified in sub- quently terminated pursuant to law. ED STATES. section (c) in writing of that determination. ‘‘(c) GUARANTEE PROGRAMS.—Provisions of ‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds made ‘‘(e) ANNUAL CEILINGS.— this or any other Act requiring the termi- available to carry out this Act or the Arms ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The authority of this nation of assistance under this Act shall not Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) section may not be used in any fiscal year to be construed to require the termination of (other than humanitarian assistance or as- authorize— guarantee commitments that were entered sistance for refugees) may be provided to any ‘‘(A) more than $750,000,000 in sales or into before the effective date of the termi- foreign government which the President de- leases to be made under the Arms Export nation of assistance.’’. termines is engaged in intelligence activities Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); CHAPTER 2—OTHER PROVISIONS within the United States harmful to the na- ‘‘(B) the use of more than $250,000,000 of tional security of the United States. SEC. 3411. CONGRESSIONAL PRESENTATION DOC- ‘‘(b) PERIODIC REPORTS.—Beginning one funds made available under this Act or the UMENTS. year after the date of enactment of this sec- Arms Export Control Act; or Section 634 of the Foreign Assistance Act tion, and annually thereafter, the President ‘‘(C) the use of more than $100,000,000 of for- of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394) is amended to read as shall prepare and transmit to the Committee eign currencies accruing under this Act or follows: any other provision of law. on Foreign Relations and the Select Com- ‘‘SEC. 634. CONGRESSIONAL PRESENTATION DOC- ALES UNDER THE ARMS EXPORT CON mittee on Intelligence of the Senate and the ‘‘(2) S - UMENTS. TROL ACT.—If the authority of this section is Committee on International Relations and ‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT FOR SUBMISSION.—As used both to authorize a sale or lease under the Permanent Select Committee on Intel- part of the annual requests for enactment of ligence of the House of Representatives a re- the Arms Export Control Act and to author- authorizations and appropriations for foreign ize funds to be used under this Act with re- port, in classified and unclassified forms, assistance programs for each fiscal year, the listing all foreign governments which the spect to the financing of that sale or lease, President shall prepare and transmit to the then the use of the funds shall be counted President determines are conducting intel- Congress annual congressional presentation ligence activities within the United States against the limitation in paragraph (1)(B) documents for the programs authorized and the portion, if any, of the sale or lease harmful to the national security of the Unit- under this Act and the Arms Export Control ed States. which is not so financed shall be counted Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). against the limitation in paragraph (1)(A). ‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, ‘‘(b) MATERIALS TO BE INCLUDED.—The doc- ‘‘(3) LEASES.—For purposes of paragraph the term ‘humanitarian assistance’ means uments submitted pursuant to subsection (a) food (including the monetization of food), (1)(A) the replacement cost, less any depre- shall include— ciation in the value, of the defense articles clothing, medicine, and medical supplies.’’. ‘‘(1) the rationale for the allocation of as- SEC. 3413. DEBT RESTRUCTURING FOR FOREIGN authorized to be leased shall be counted sistance or contributions to each country, against the limitation in that paragraph. ASSISTANCE. regional, or centrally funded program, or or- Chapter 1 of part III of the Foreign Assist- ‘‘(4) COUNTRY LIMITS.—(A) Not more than ganization, as the case may be; ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370 et seq.), as $75,000,000 of the $250,000,000 limitation pro- ‘‘(2) a description of how each such pro- vided in paragraph (1)(B) may be allocated to amended by this Act, is further amended by gram or contribution supports the objectives adding at the end the following new section: any one country in any fiscal year unless of this Act or the Arms Export Control Act, that country is a victim of active aggression. ‘‘SEC. 620K. SPECIAL DEBT RELIEF FOR POOR as the case may be; COUNTRIES. ‘‘(B) Not more than $500,000,000 of the ag- ‘‘(3) a description of planned country, re- ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY TO REDUCE DEBT.—The gregate limitation of $1,000,000,000 provided gional, or centrally funded programs or con- President may reduce amounts owed to the in paragraph (1)(A) and (1)(B) may be allo- tributions to international organizations and United States Government by a country de- cated to any one country in any fiscal programs for the coming fiscal year; and scribed in subsection (b) as a result of— year.’’. ‘‘(4) for each country for which assistance ‘‘(1) loans or guarantees issued under this SEC. 3404. TERMINATION OF ASSISTANCE. is requested under this Act or the Arms Ex- Act; or Section 617 of the Foreign Assistance Act port Control Act— ‘‘(2) credits extended or guarantees issued of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2367) is amended to read as ‘‘(A) the total number of years since 1946 under the Arms Export Control Act (22 follows: that the United States has provided assist- U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). ‘‘SEC. 617. TERMINATION OF ASSISTANCE. ance; ‘‘(b) COUNTRY DESCRIBED.—A country de- ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) In order to ensure ‘‘(B) the total amount of bilateral assist- scribed in this subsection is a country— the effectiveness of assistance provided ance provided by the United States since ‘‘(1) with a heavy debt burden that is eligi- under this Act, funds made available under 1946, including the principal amount of all ble to borrow from the International Devel- this Act to carry out any program, project, loans, credits, and guarantees; and opment Association but not from the Inter- or activity of assistance shall remain avail- ‘‘(C) the total amount of assistance pro- national Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- able for obligation for a period not to exceed vided to such country from all multilateral opment (commonly referred to as an ‘IDA- 8 months after the date of termination of organizations to which the United States is only’ country); and such assistance for the necessary expenses of a member, including all international finan- ‘‘(2) the government of which— winding up such programs, projects, or ac- cial institutions, the United Nations, and ‘‘(A) does not have an excessive level of tivities and, notwithstanding any other pro- other international organizations. military expenditures; H 5448 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 ‘‘(B) has not repeatedly provided support marily responsible for administering part I SEC. 3416. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO FOR- for acts of international terrorism; and of this Act of purchasers that the President EIGN GOVERNMENTS THAT EXPORT ‘‘(C) is cooperating with the United States has determined to be eligible, and shall di- LETHAL MILITARY EQUIPMENT TO on international narcotics control matters; rect such agency to carry out the sale, re- COUNTRIES SUPPORTING INTER- NATIONAL TERRORISM. ‘‘(3) (including the military or other secu- duction, or cancellation of a loan pursuant (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 620 of the Foreign rity forces of such government) does not en- to this section. Such agency shall make an Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370), as gage in a consistent pattern of gross viola- adjustment in its accounts to reflect the amended by this Act, is further amended by tions of internationally recognized human sale, reduction, or cancellation. adding at the end the following new sub- rights; and ‘‘(4) LIMITATION.—The authorities of this section: ‘‘(4) is not prohibited from receiving assist- subsection shall be available only to the ex- ‘‘(z)(1) No assistance may be provided ance described in section 527(a) of the For- tent that appropriations for the cost of the under this Act or the Arms Export Control eign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal modification, as defined in section 502 of the Act to any foreign government that provides Years 1994 and 1995 by reason of such section. Congressional Budget Act of 1974, are made lethal military equipment to a country, the ‘‘(c) LIMITATIONS.—The authority under in advance. government of which the Secretary of State subsection (a) may be exercised— ‘‘(b) DEPOSIT OF PROCEEDS.—The proceeds has determined pursuant to section 40(d) of ‘‘(1) only to implement multilateral offi- from the sale, reduction, or cancellation of the Arms Export Control Act is a govern- cial debt relief ad referendum agreements any loan sold, reduced, or canceled pursuant ment that has repeatedly provided support (commonly referred to as ‘Paris Club Agreed to this section shall be deposited in an ac- for acts of international terrorism. Minutes’); and count or accounts established in the Treas- ‘‘(2) The prohibition under paragraph (1) ‘‘(2) only to the extent that appropriations ury for the repayment of such loan. with respect to a foreign government shall for the cost of the modification, as defined in ‘‘(c) ELIGIBLE PURCHASERS.—A loan may be terminate 12 months after the date on which section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act sold pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) only to that government ceases to provide such le- of 1974, are made in advance. a purchaser who presents plans satisfactory thal military equipment. ‘‘(d) CERTAIN PROHIBITIONS INAPPLICABLE.— to the President for using the loan for the ‘‘(3) The President may waive the require- A reduction of debt pursuant to the exercise purpose of engaging in debt-for-equity swaps, ments of paragraph (1) if the President deter- of authority under subsection (a)— debt-for-development swaps, or debt-for-na- mines that the provision of such assistance ‘‘(1) shall not be considered assistance for ture swaps. is important to the national security inter- purposes of any provision of law limiting as- ‘‘(d) DEBTOR CONSULTATIONS.—Before the ests of the United States. sistance to a country; and sale to any eligible purchaser, or any reduc- ‘‘(4) Whenever the waiver of paragraph (3) ‘‘(2) may be exercised notwithstanding sec- tion or cancellation pursuant to this section, is exercised, the President shall prepare and tion 620(r) of this Act or any comparable pro- of any loan made to an eligible country, the transmit to the appropriate congressional vision of law. President shall consult with the country committees a report with respect to the fur- ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— concerning the amount of loans to be sold, nishing of such assistance. Such report shall ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to reduced, or canceled and their uses for debt- include a detailed explanation of the assist- be appropriated to the President for the pur- for-equity swaps, debt-for-development ance to be provided, including the estimated pose of carrying out this section $7,000,000 for swaps, or debt-for-nature swaps. dollar amount of such assistance, and an ex- each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997. ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— planation of how the assistance furthers the ‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts authorized to ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For the sale, reduction, national interests of the United States. be appropriated under paragraph (1) are au- and cancellation of loans or portions thereof ‘‘(5) For purposes of this subsection, the thorized to remain available until ex- pursuant to this section, there are author- term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ pended.’’. ized to be appropriated to the President means the Committee on International Rela- SEC. 3414. DEBT BUYBACKS OR SALES FOR DEBT $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 and tions and the Committee on Appropriations SWAPS. 1997. of the House of Representatives and the Part IV of the Foreign Assistance Act of ‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts authorized to Committee on Foreign Relations and the 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2430 et seq.) is amended by be appropriated under paragraph (1) are au- Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- adding at the end the following new section: thorized to remain available until ex- ate.’’. ‘‘SEC. 711. AUTHORITY TO ENGAGE IN DEBT pended.’’. (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Section 620(z) of the BUYBACKS OR SALES. SEC. 3415. IMPACT ON JOBS IN THE UNITED Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by ‘‘(a) LOANS ELIGIBLE FOR SALE, REDUCTION, STATES. subsection (a), applies with respect to lethal OR CANCELLATION.— Section 636 of the Foreign Assistance Act military equipment provided pursuant to a ‘‘(1) AUTHORITY TO SELL, REDUCE, OR CANCEL of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2396) is amended by adding contract entered into on or after the date of CERTAIN LOANS.—Notwithstanding any other at the end the following new subsection: enactment of this Act. provision of law, the President may, in ac- ‘‘(j)(1) Funds made available to carry out SEC. 3417. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO cordance with this section, sell to any eligi- the provisions of this Act may not be made COUNTRIES THAT CONSISTENTLY ble purchaser any concessional loan or por- available to provide— OPPOSE THE UNITED STATES POSI- tion thereof made before January 1, 1995, to ‘‘(A) any financial incentive to a business TION IN THE UNITED NATIONS GEN- the government of any eligible country pur- enterprise located in the United States for ERAL ASSEMBLY. suant to this Act, or on receipt of payment the purpose of inducing that enterprise to re- (a) PROHIBITION.—United States assistance from an eligible purchaser, reduce or cancel locate outside the United States if such in- may not be provided to a country that con- such loan or portion thereof, only for the centive or inducement is likely to reduce the sistently opposed the United States position purpose of facilitating— number of individuals employed in the Unit- in the United Nations General Assembly dur- ‘‘(A) debt-for-equity swaps, debt-for-devel- ed States by that enterprise because that en- ing the most recent session of the General opment swaps, or debt-for-nature swaps; or terprise would replace production in the Assembly. ‘‘(B) a debt buyback by an eligible country United States with production outside the (b) CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT.—If— of its own qualified debt, only if the eligible United States; (1) the Secretary of State determines that, country uses an additional amount of the ‘‘(B) assistance for the purpose of estab- since the beginning of the most recent ses- local currency of the eligible country, equal lishing or developing in a foreign country sion of the General Assembly, there has been to not less than 40 percent of the price paid any export processing zone or designated a fundamental change in the leadership and for such debt by such eligible country, or the area in which the tax, tariff, labor, environ- policies of the government of a country to difference between the price paid for such ment, and safety laws of that country do not which the prohibition in subsection (a) ap- debt and the face value of such debt, to sup- apply, in part or in whole, to activities car- plies, and port activities that link conservation and ried out within that zone or area, unless the (2) the Secretary believes that because of sustainable use of natural resources with President determines and certifies that such that change the government of that country local community development, and child sur- assistance is not likely to cause a loss of jobs will no longer consistently oppose the United vival and other child development, in a man- within the United States; or States position in the General Assembly, ner consistent with sections 707 through 710, ‘‘(C) subject to paragraph (2), assistance for the Secretary may exempt that country if the sale, reduction, or cancellation would any project or activity that contributes to from that prohibition. Any such exemption not contravene any term or condition of any the violation of internationally recognized shall be effective only until submission of prior agreement relating to such loan. workers rights (as defined in section 502(a)(4) the next report under section 406 of the For- ‘‘(2) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Notwith- of the Trade Act of 1974) of workers in the eign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal standing any other provision of law, the foreign country, including in any designated Years 1990 and 1991. The Secretary shall sub- President shall, in accordance with this sec- zone or area in that country. mit to the Congress a certification of each tion, establish the terms and conditions ‘‘(2) Paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply with exemption made under this subsection. Such under which loans may be sold, reduced, or respect to the provision of assistance for the certification shall be accompanied by a dis- canceled pursuant to this section. informal sector, microenterprises and small- cussion of the basis for the Secretary’s deter- ‘‘(3) ADMINISTRATION.—The Facility shall scale enterprises, and small-holder agri- mination and belief with respect to such ex- notify the administrator of the agency pri- culture of the foreign country.’’. emption. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5449

(c) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of directly or indirectly, the transport or deliv- (b) 1987 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIA- State may waive the requirement of sub- ery of United States humanitarian assist- TIONS ACT.—Section 539(g)(2) of the Foreign section (a) if the Secretary determines and ance. Assistance and Related Programs Appropria- reports to the Congress that despite the ‘‘(2) The prohibition on United States as- tions Act, 1987, as included in Public Law 99– United Nations voting pattern of a particu- sistance contained in paragraph (1) shall not 591, is hereby repealed. lar country, the provision of United States apply if the President determines and noti- (c) 1986 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Special For- assistance to that country is necessary to fies the Congress in writing that providing eign Assistance Act of 1986 is hereby repealed promote United States foreign policy objec- such assistance to a country is in the na- except for section 1 and section 204. tives. tional security interest of the United States. (d) 1985 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Inter- (d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— ‘‘(3) A suspension or termination of United national Security and Development Coopera- (1) the term ‘‘consistently opposed the States assistance for any country under tion Act of 1985 is hereby repealed except for United States position’’ means that the paragraph (1) shall cease to be effective when section 1, section 131, section 132, section 504, country’s votes in the United Nations Gen- the President certifies in writing to the section 505, part B of title V (other than sec- eral Assembly coincided with the United Speaker of the House of Representatives and tion 558 and section 559), section 1302, section States position less than 25 percent of the the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 1303, and section 1304. time, using for this purpose the overall per- Senate that such country is no longer pro- (e) 1985 JORDAN SUPPLEMENTAL ACT.—The centage-of-voting coincidences set forth in hibiting or otherwise restricting, either di- Jordan Supplemental Economic Assistance the annual report submitted to the Congress rectly or indirectly, the transport or deliv- Authorization Act of 1985 is hereby repealed. pursuant to section 406 of the Foreign Rela- ery of United States humanitarian assist- (f) 1985 AFRICAN FAMINE ACT.—The African tions Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 ance. Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985 is and 1991; ‘‘(4)(A) At the time of the annual budget hereby repealed. (2) the term ‘‘most recent session of the submission to Congress, the President shall (g) 1983 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Inter- General Assembly’’ means the most recently submit a report to the Congress describing national Security and Development Assist- completed plenary session of the General As- any information available to the President ance Authorization Act of 1983 is hereby re- sembly for which overall percentage-of-vot- concerning prohibitions or restrictions, di- pealed. ing coincidences is set forth in the most re- rect or indirect, on the transport or delivery (h) 1983 LEBANON ASSISTANCE ACT.—The cent report submitted to the Congress pursu- of United States humanitarian assistance by Lebanon Emergency Assistance Act of 1983 is ant to section 406 of the Foreign Relations the government of any country receiving or hereby repealed. (i) 1981 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Inter- Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and eligible to receive United States foreign as- national Security and Development Coopera- 1991; and sistance during the current or preceding fis- tion Act of 1981 is hereby repealed except for (3) the term ‘‘United States assistance’’ cal year. section 1, section 709, and section 714. means assistance under— ‘‘(B) The President shall include in the re- (j) 1980 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Inter- (A) chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign As- port required by subparagraph (A) a state- national Security and Development Coopera- sistance Act of 1961 (relating to the economic ment as to whether the prohibition in para- tion Act of 1980 is hereby repealed except for support fund), graph (1) is being applied to each country for section 1, section 110, section 316, and title V. (B) chapter 5 of part II of that Act (relat- which the President has information avail- able to him concerning prohibitions or re- (k) 1979 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ACT.— ing to international military education and The International Development Cooperation training), or strictions, direct or indirect, on the trans- port or delivery of United States humani- Act of 1979 is hereby repealed. (C) the ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Pro- (l) 1979 SECURITY ASSISTANCE ACT.—The tarian assistance. gram’’ account under section 23 of the Arms International Security Assistance Act of 1979 Export Control Act, ‘‘(5) As used in this subsection, the term ‘United States assistance’ has the same is hereby repealed. except that such term does not include as- (m) 1979 SPECIAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE meaning given that term in section 481(e)(4) sistance under chapter 8 of part I of the For- ACT.—The Special International Security of this Act.’’. eign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to inter- Assistance Act of 1979 is hereby repealed. SEC. 3419. PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO FOR- national narcotics control) or assistance (n) 1978 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ACT.— EIGN GOVERNMENTS, PRIVATE AND under chapter 8 of part II of such Act (relat- The International Development and Food As- ing to antiterrorism assistance). VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS, AND OTHER ENTITIES THAT INHIBIT sistance Act of 1978 is hereby repealed, ex- FFECTIVE ATE (e) E D .—This section takes ef- UNITED STATES-SUPPORTED DE- cept for section 1, title IV, and section fect upon the date of the submission to the MINING OPERATIONS AND ACTIVI- 603(a)(2). Congress of the report pursuant to section TIES. (o) 1978 SECURITY ASSISTANCE ACT.—The 406 of the Foreign Relations Authorization (a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds author- International Security Assistance Act of 1978 Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991, that is re- ized to be appropriated by this Act may be is hereby repealed. quired to be submitted by March 31, 1996. made available to any foreign government, (p) 1977 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ACT.— SEC. 3418. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE TO COUN- private and voluntary organization, or any The International Development and Food As- TRIES THAT RESTRICT THE TRANS- other entity which the Secretary of State de- sistance Act of 1977 is hereby repealed except PORT OR DELIVERY OF UNITED termines inhibits United States-supported for section 1, section 132(b), and section 133. STATES HUMANITARIAN ASSIST- demining operations and activities through (q) 1977 SECURITY ASSISTANCE ACT.—The ANCE. the imposition of discriminatory customs International Security Assistance Act of 1977 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- is hereby repealed. lowing findings: duties, tariffs, or any other barrier to the (r) 1976 SECURITY ASSISTANCE ACT.—The (1) The United States Federal budget defi- entry of equipment or personnel designated International Security Assistance and Arms cit and spending constraints require the for use or participation in such operations Export Control Act of 1976 is hereby repealed maximum efficiency in the usage of United and activities. (b) EXCEPTION.—(1) The prohibition con- except for section 1, section 201(b), section States foreign assistance. tained in subsection (a) shall not apply with 212(b), section 601, and section 608. (2) The delivery of humanitarian assistance respect to a foreign government, private and (s) 1975 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ACT.— to people in need is consistent with the fun- voluntary organization, or any other entity The International Development and Food As- damental values of our Nation and is an im- if the President determines and reports to sistance Act of 1975 is hereby repealed. portant component of United States foreign the congressional committees specified in (t) 1975 BIB ACT.—Public Law 94–104 is policy. section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of hereby repealed. (3) As a matter of principle and in further- 1961 (in accordance with procedures applica- (u) 1974 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign As- ance of fiscal prudence, the United States ble to reprogramming notifications under sistance Act of 1974 is hereby repealed. should seek to promote the delivery of hu- that section) that the provision of assistance (v) 1973 EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE ACT.—The manitarian assistance to people in need in a to such government, organization, or other Emergency Security Assistance Act of 1973 is manner that is both timely and cost effec- entity, as the case may be, is important to hereby repealed. tive. the national interest of the United States. (w) 1973 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign As- (4) Recipients of United States assistance (2) Any determination under paragraph (1) sistance Act of 1973 is hereby repealed. should not hinder or delay the transport or shall include a detailed justification of how (x) 1971 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign As- delivery of United States humanitarian as- the provision of assistance furthers United sistance Act of 1971 is hereby repealed. sistance to other countries. States national interests. (y) 1971 SPECIAL ASSISTANCE ACT.—The (b) PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE.—Section Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 is 620 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 CHAPTER 3—REPEALS hereby repealed. U.S.C. 2370), as amended by this Act, is fur- SEC. 3421. REPEAL OF OBSOLETE PROVISIONS. (z) 1969 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign As- ther amended by adding at the end the fol- (a) 1988 FOREIGN OPERATIONS APPROPRIA- sistance Act of 1969 is hereby repealed except lowing new subsection: TIONS ACT.—Section 537(h)(2) of the Foreign for the first section and part IV. ‘‘(aa)(1) Notwithstanding any other provi- Operations, Export Financing, and Related (aa) 1968 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign sion of law, United States assistance may Programs Appropriations Act, 1988, as in- Assistance Act of 1968 is hereby repealed. not be made available for any country whose cluded in Public Law 100–202, is hereby re- (bb) 1964 ASSISTANCE ACT.—The Foreign government prohibits or otherwise restricts, pealed. Assistance Act of 1964 is hereby repealed. H 5450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

(cc) LATIN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT ACT.— In section 2101(a)(2) (relating to the Sala- eral) strike ‘‘$31,685,000’’ and insert The Latin American Development Act is ries and Expenses) strike ‘‘$355,287,000’’ and ‘‘$30,685,000’’. hereby repealed. insert ‘‘$335,287,000’’. In section 3261 (relating to the Peace (dd) 1959 MUTUAL SECURITY ACT.—The Mu- In section 2101(a)(4) (relating to Acquisi- Corps) strike ‘‘for each of the fiscal years tual Security Act of 1959 is hereby repealed. tion and Maintenance of Buildings Aboard) 1966 and 1977’’ and insert ‘‘fiscal year 1996 and (ee) 1954 MUTUAL SECURITY ACT.—Sections strike ‘‘$391,760,000 for fiscal year 1997’’ and $215,000,000 for fiscal year 1997’’. 402 and 417 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 insert ‘‘$376,760,000 for fiscal year 1997’’. Mr. BROWNBACK (during the read- are hereby repealed. In section 2101(a)(7) (relating to the Office ing). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous (ff) DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHORIZATION of the Inspector General) strike ‘‘$23,469,000 consent that the amendment be consid- ACT, FISCAL YEARS 1982 and 1983.—Section for fiscal year 1997’’ and insert ‘‘$21,469,000 ered as read and printed in the RECORD. 109 of the Department of State Authorization for fiscal year 1997’’. Act, Fiscal Years 1982 and 1983, is hereby re- In section 2101(a)(8) (relating to the Pay- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection pealed. ment to the American Institute in Taiwan) to the request of the gentleman from (gg) DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHORIZATION strike ‘‘$14,710,000’’ and insert ‘‘$13,710,000’’. Kansas? ACT, FISCAL YEARS 1984 AND 1985.—Sections In section 2102(a) (relating to the Assessed There was no objection. 1004 and 1005(a) of the Department of State Contributions to International Organiza- (Mr. BROWNBACK asked and was Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and tions) strike ‘‘$867,050,000’’ and insert given permission to revise and extend 1985, are hereby repealed. ‘‘$828,388,000’’. his remarks.) (hh) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Except as other- In section 2102(b)(1) (relating to the Vol- Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, in wise provided in this Act, the repeal by this untary Contributions to International Orga- cooperation with the gentleman from Act of any provision of law that amended or nizations) strike ‘‘$302,920,000’’ and insert ‘‘$290,680,000’’. New York [Mr. GILMAN], the chairman, repealed another provision of law does not we are offering this amendment to affect in any way that amendment or repeal. In section 2102(c)(1) (relating to Assessed Contributions for International Peacekeep- bring H.R. 1561 in line with the budget TITLE XXXV—EFFECTIVE DATE ing) strike ‘‘$345,000,000’’ and insert resolution adopted last week. This SEC. 3501. EFFECTIVE DATE. ‘‘$300,000,000’’. amendment seeks further reductions Except as otherwise provided in this Act, In section 2102(d)(1) (relating to the Vol- and efficiencies without cutting essen- this division, and the amendments made by untary Contributions to Peacekeeping Oper- tial functions that would support our this division, shall take effect on the date of ations) strike ‘‘and $68,260,000 for fiscal year the enactment of this Act or October 1, 1995, 1997’’ and insert ‘‘and $62,260,000 for fiscal national security, trade, or humani- whichever occurs later. year 1997’’. tarian interests. Members will recall we voted to sup- The CHAIRMAN. The bill will be con- In section 2102(e)(1) (relating to the Inter- port $18.2 billion for function 150 spend- sidered for amendment under the 5- national Conferences and Contingencies) strike ‘‘$6,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$5,000,000’’. ing in fiscal year 1996. Working with minute rule for an initial period of 10 In section 2106(1) (relating to Salaries and the chairman and the other members of hours. Expenses) strike ‘‘$428,080,000’’ and insert the Committee on International Rela- After that initial period, amend- ‘‘$407,080,000’’. tions, we have crafted a bill to cut ap- ments shall be debatable only as pro- In section 2106(3)(A) (relating to Fulbright proximately $1 billion from programs vided in clause 6 of rule XXIII, or sec- Academic Exchange Programs) strike under our jurisdiction, which, along tion 2 of House Resolution 155. Consid- ‘‘$113,680,000’’ and insert ‘‘$93,680,000’’. with cuts from programs outside our eration of the bill for amendment will In section 2106(3)(F) (relating to Other Pro- grams) strike ‘‘$87,341,400’’ and insert jurisdiction, reaches the Committee on not continue beyond 2:30 p.m. on ‘‘$67,341,400’’. the Budget’s targets. Thursday, May 25, 1995. In section 2106(4)(A) (relating to Inter- For fiscal year 1997, the Committee Other than pro forma amendments national Broadcasting Activities) strike on International Relations cut $1.5 bil- for the purpose of debate and amend- ‘‘$286,191,000’’ and insert ‘‘$256,191,000’’. lion from the foreign affairs budget, ments en bloc described in section 2 of In section 2106(5) (relating to Radio Con- struction) strike ‘‘$67,647,000’’ and insert but since the Committee on Inter- the resolution, no amendment to the national Relations was preparing this committee amendment in the nature of ‘‘$57,647,000’’. In section 2106(9) (relating to the Center bill at the same time as the Committee a substitute, as modified, is in order for Cultural and Technical Interchange be- on the Budget was crafting the budget unless printed in the CONGRESSIONAL tween East and West) strike ‘‘$10,000,000’’ and resolution, we were not able to con- RECORD. insert ‘‘$8,000,000’’. form our numbers to the budget resolu- It shall be in order for the chairman In section 2106(10) (relating to the National tion. Therfore, my amendment is nec- of the Committee on International Re- Endowment for Democracy) strike ‘‘$34,000,000 for fiscal year 1997’’ and insert essary to cut an additional $477.9 mil- lations or a designee to offer amend- lion from the bill so we can reach the ments en bloc consisting of printed ‘‘$32,000,000 for fiscal year 1997’’. In section 2107(1) (relating to the Arms Committee on the Budget’s mandate amendments or germane modifications Control and Disarmament Agency) strike and what this House voted on of $16.8 thereto. Those amendments en bloc ‘‘$40,500,000’’ and insert ‘‘$39,500,000’’. billion for fiscal year 1997. shall be considered as read, except that In section 3101 (relating to the Foreign There are some very clear and spe- the modifications shall be reported, Military Financing Program) strike cific reasons why we need to do this. shall not be subject to amendment or ‘‘$3,240,020,000’’ and insert ‘‘$3,226,020,000’’. This amendment is crucial, first of all, to a demand for a division of the ques- In section 3201 (relating to the Economic Support Fund) strike ‘‘$2,283,478,000’’ and in- Mr. Chairman, because we are broke. I tion, and shall be debatable for 10 min- want to turn Members’ attention to utes, equally divided and controlled by sert ‘‘$2,248,478,000’’. In section 3221(a)(1) (relating to the Devel- the chart I have here which shows just the chairman and ranking minority opment Assistance Fund) strike ‘‘for each of where we are going with the Federal member of the Committee on Inter- fiscal years 1996 and 1997’’ and insert ‘‘for fis- debt. We are at nearly $5 trillion today. national Relations. cal year 1996 and $745,000,000 for fiscal year Under President Clinton’s proposed The original proponents of the 1997’’. budget, we would get to nearly $7 tril- amendment offered en bloc shall have In section 3221(a)(2) (relating to the Devel- lion by the year 2000, and the red ink permission to insert statements in the opment Fund for Africa) strike ‘‘for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997’’ and insert ‘‘for fis- continues to pile on. We cannot afford CONGRESSIONAL RECORD immediately to continue to spend as much as we before the disposition of the amend- cal year 1996 and $614,214,000 for fiscal year 1997’’. have on any program. That is why we ments en bloc. In section 3221(a)(3) (relating to the Assist- passed a budget resolution last week Are there any amendments to the ance for Independent States for the Former that balances the budget by 2002 so our bill? Soviet Union) strike ‘‘$650,000,000’’ and insert kids do not have to pay off our red ink. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BROWNBACK ‘‘$625,000,000’’. That is why we have to bring H.R. 1561 Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I In section 3221(a)(5) (relating to the Inter- into compliance with that resolution. American Foundation) strike ‘‘$10,000,000’’ offer an amendment. and insert ‘‘$7,000,000’’. b 1600 The Clerk read as follows: In section 3221(a)(6) (relating to the Afri- People on the other side of the aisle Amendment offered by Mr. BROWNBACK: In can Development Foundation) strike section 2101(a)(1) (relating to the Diplomatic ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$4,000,000’’. will say that we are isolationists. I and Consular Programs) strike In section 3222(3) (relating to the Operating would refute that because of the num- ‘‘$1,676,903,000’’ and insert ‘‘$1,656,903,000’’. Expenses of the Office of the Inspector Gen- ber of things the Republican Party has May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5451 done over the years to disprove that, Now is the time we need Americans Corps. At a time when we have just got and I would further say we may become working in Eastern Europe and South to balance the budget and we cannot a nation of isolationists if we do not America, in Eastern Asia. I know, and afford to stack more debt on future get our fiscal house in order, because nine other colleagues of mine in this generations, I think that is a respon- we are not going to have any more body know what it is like to have been sible cut so that our future kids and credit to be able to extend across the working in the Peace Corps because we our children can be in the Peace Corps rest of the globe because of being were all former Peace Corps volun- as well. broke. teers. Mr. SALMON. Mr. Chairman, I urge There will be those that will say, as The 2 years that we spent overseas support for the well-crafted Brownback well, that this amendment is an out- really taught us, and I think each of us amendment. It is never easy to reduce rage, that we cannot make these types and all of the other thousands of re- Government spending but this amend- of cuts, that it will kill U.S. foreign turned Peace Corps volunteers have ment protects our top priorities while policy. To them I respond that what is been able to come home with a lan- meeting our obligations to our children outrageous to the American people is guage, with an understanding of a cul- and our grandchildren to balance the that Congress has mindlessly spent ture, with an understanding of foreign budget by the year 2002. This amend- them into debt to the tune of nearly $5 governments, with an understanding of ment protects critical aid to our allies, trillion. It is an outrage that we have how to build infrastructure in a cost- Israel and Egypt, and ensures substan- left this mortgage on America to our effective way. Let me give one exam- tial levels of aid to the hungry and the kids. ple. needy across the world, while acknowl- I would ask, will it kill foreign policy We talk a lot about foreign aid and edging that given $200 billion annual if we cut funding to the U.N. Industrial how we are going to try to get the deficits, some programs like cultural Development Organization, when we al- world community into education. Most exchange programs will have to look ready have provided multilateral devel- people do not realize that in developing more to the private sector that to tax- opment assistance through the World countries, the youth of those countries payers and to deficit spending. Bank? Will it kill foreign policy if we in the rural areas have to deal with the I urge bipartisan support for the force the State Department to close ex- basic necessities of life. Most of their Brownback amendment. traneous consulates and reduce the size time is spent gathering water. Indeed, Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- of bloated embassy staffs? Will it kill if you want to have children go to tleman from Ohio [Mr. CHABOT]. foreign policy if we reduce educational school, you have to build a water sys- Mr. CHABOT. Mr. Chairman, I thank and cultural exchange programs? tem, because they are needed for the the gentleman for yielding. We are all going to have to sacrifice labor to support the families. Mr. Chairman, I commend the gen- to balance this budget, to be able to That is not going to be done by so- tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] get it in line so we do not sacrifice our phisticated foreign aid projects or for this important amendment. The kids because we were not willing to international diplomacy. That is going people of this country spoke loudly and make the tough choices and the tough to be done by people in the very areas, clearly last November. They clearly cuts. The sacrifices that we are asking in the rural areas of this world being said, ‘‘Balance the budget,’’ and not by to recipients of foreign aid are not in- able to work with the people to develop raising taxes but by cutting spending. ordinate, not whatsoever, given our the self-help programs that they need, One area that the American people precarious financial situation and the to develop the infrastructure so that said to cut is foreign aid. While I mountains and mountains of debt that indeed we can have a stabilized world. strongly agree with the sentiment of we are piling on future generations. Also I would like to mention that the the American people that foreign aid We must sacrifice to achieve fiscal must be cut, what the gentleman from stability. We must get our own fiscal Peace Corps has been, throughout its Kansas does in this amendment is to house in order for this country to be history, strongly supported in a bipar- make additional cuts of approximately strong and grow into the future so our tisan fashion. I think to take this par- children can have a foreign policy, so tisan amendment and to reduce the $477 million. If we are going to ask they can push the initiatives that we Peace Corps is essentially a blow to the some Americans, for example, those desire rather than paying off our debt. strongest program that we have had who are dependent upon welfare, to be For that, I think we should ask this of throughout this world. There is not a less dependent on the Government, the recipients of our foreign aid, to country where the Peace Corps has then surely we must insist that other make these responsible and reasonable served or is being asked to serve that countries be less dependent on our Gov- cuts. does not realize the benefit that they ernment as well. I submit this amendment, Mr. Chair- provide in having a two-way system I strongly support the Brownback man. I urge my colleagues to support where volunteers from the United amendment and I urge its adoption. and vote for the Brownback amend- States of all ages can go and spend 2 Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- ment. It gets us in line with the budget years of their life working in a coun- man, will the gentleman yield? resolution passed by this body last try, and at the same time come back Mr. SALMON. I yield to the gen- week. It staunches the flow of red ink. with the strength of knowing the rest tleman from Indiana. Mr. FARR. Mr. Chairman, I rise in of the world. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- strong opposition to the Brownback I am in strong support of reauthoriz- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- amendment. ing the program. I regret that it is ing. Mr. Chairman, this is not even a pen- going to be even reduced by the $3 mil- Mr. Chairman, let me end up by say- nywise issue. It is an issue that goes to lion from what the President has re- ing when the budget resolution was the very heart of cutting what I think quested, but this amendment goes passed, it was passed about the same is one of the most important programs much further than that. It is very de- time we were working on this bill. We that this country has to offer, the U.S. structive, and I urge its defeat. are $477 million short of what the budg- Peace Corps. Mr. SALMON. Mr. Chairman, I move et resolution requires, so it is really The gentleman from New York [Mr. to strike the last word. important that we pass this amend- GILMAN], the chairman, has already re- Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- ment. duced the President’s request for the tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK]. It is going to take the overall foreign Peace Corps by $3 million. In tight Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I aid cuts down by about $2 billion, but times, although I do not like the reduc- thank the gentleman from Arizona at a time when the American people tion, I think we can live with that, but [Mr. SALMON] for yielding. are being asked to bite the bullet as far this amendment goes far beyond that. Mr. Chairman, to respond quickly to as spending is concerned, it is only rea- Now is the time in American history the comment on the cuts in the Peace sonable to say that we ought to cut for- when we need to strengthen American Corps, which I think is an excellent eign spending as well, so the cut of $2 awareness and American involvement program, a very worthwhile program, I billion and this additional cut of $477 in cost-effective ways abroad, and I would note in our cuts that we are pro- million is in order. I urge my col- think the Peace Corps does that. posing it is a 2-percent cut in the Peace leagues to support this amendment. H 5452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I I understand that I have thrown a lot Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- move to strike the requisite number of of statistics out, but I hope, in sum, man, I move to strike the requisite words, and I rise in opposition to the they convey to Members how deeply number of words. amendment. these cuts are impacting, or will im- Mr. Chairman, I just want to make a Mr. Chairman, this afternoon the pact, American foreign policy and one couple of real brief points. We are President said in his news conference of its important tools, the foreign aid going to be spending $171⁄2 billion, that that we should not handcuff the Presi- bill. is $17.5 billion, in foreign assistance. dent. ‘‘If this bill passes,’’ he is refer- The New Independent States will Sure, we are cutting $2 billion, but we ring to the bill we are debating now on take additional reductions here on top are still sending $171⁄2 billion of tax- the floor, ‘‘if this bill passes in its of the 20 percent from the President’s payers’ money overseas. That is a lot present form, I will veto it.’’ fiscal year 1996 request. As my col- of money. I think all of us understand that it league from California has argued, we For my colleagues who know we are takes the Congress and the President will also be cutting the Peace Corps, under severe budgetary constraints, to working together to make American one of the most successful programs say we are not doing enough for the foreign policy. What we have now is that we have had and one that enjoys rest of the world, they need to start kind of two ships passing in the night overwhelming bipartisan support. telling us where they think we ought without dialog, without discussion and That, then, is the impact. But let me to cut. We have not had many sugges- without debate, and we simply are fool- return to the principal point. The tions from the other side on where to ing ourselves on this floor if we think President has made his position clear. cut spending. Every time we bring a we are making foreign policy. At the Are we in this House going to be a part bill to the floor that cuts spending to present time we are really engaged in of the process and work with him for get us on a trend line to a balanced kind of a political exercise, so far as I an accommodation, or are we simply budget, everybody starts complaining can see. going to play a political game here and says, oh my gosh, you are going to If this amendment passes, it will only with no real relevance to the foreign hurt these people, and this group and make more difficult the accommoda- policymaking process? this group. The fact of the matter is tion that simply has to come about I urge my colleagues to vote against the people who are getting hurt the eventually between the President and this amendment. most in the country are the American the U.S. Congress in making foreign taxpayers, because the deficit contin- b policy. 1615 ues to go up and up and up and the in- I am fully aware, of course, of the Miss COLLINS of Michigan. Mr. terest on the debt goes up and we have great popularity of cutting the budget Chairman, I move to strike the req- to do something about it. and of cutting foreign aid. There are uisite number of words. So, the $2 billion out of the $19.5 bil- very few among us who do not recog- Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to lion we are sending overseas, a $2 bil- nize that that is a popular exercise. I the amendment offered by Representa- lion cut is justifiable. We are not relin- want to lay out on the record, although tive BROWNBACK. Foreign aid must not quishing our position in the world as I think I know how the votes fall here, be sacrificed in order to fund the Re- the world leader, we are still helping the impact of this amendment. publican effort to balance the budget wherever we can. We are going to be Foreign aid has already been cut by any means necessary. Just as no helping starving children, we are going since 1985 by 40 percent. All of the for- man is an island, no country is iso- to be helping countries rebuild, we are eign affairs agencies have undergone lated. America has always been a lead- going to be helping countries do a lot downsizing, and more downsizing is er in foreign relations. We must con- of things, but at the same time we are scheduled to come this year. tinue to encourage diplomacy with our doing it in a much more responsible The committee bill that has been re- international neighbors. way, we are watching taxpayers’ ported out unanimously on the major- This amendment will diminish our money and spending taxpayers’ dollar ity side already cuts current levels of leadership in world affairs. U.S. inter- wisely, and that is the thing we should foreign assistance by 9 percent. The ests and security dictate that we play be doing. So when my good friends on the Brownback amendment increases that a vital role in world affairs. This other side of the aisle start complain- cut to 12 percent. One really wonders amendment will ensure that this legis- ing about where we are making these how far you go in this cutting game lation serves as a wall between our- cuts, I hope everybody will remember and still be able to maintain a sem- selves and other countries. the cuts have to be made. Otherwise we blance of leadership in the world. If Foreign aid is in the best interest of are going to have a fiscal disaster in the United States. Maintaining effec- cutting 12 is good, then why not cut 20, the country in about the next 6 or 7 tive aid programs will help developing 30, 40, or 50 percent? Why stop now? years. We have to have a balanced This amendment cuts another $58 countries make gains in health care, budget by the year 2002. We in the Re- million from the State Department. educational opportunities and small publican leadership are heading in that That is on top of $90 million in cuts in business development. We must be direction, and this is one step that the bill already from 1995 levels. This committed to creating an environment must be taken. amendment cuts 13 percent from an al- that promotes fair trade and invest- Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move ready low authorization for U.N. peace- ment opportunities. This will lead to to strike the requisite number of keeping. We are adding almost weekly sustained economic progress for both words. additional burdens on the United Na- sides. Mr. Chairman, I understand this tions for peacekeeping, and we are de- If we leave our world neighbors in the amendment would reduce from the manding more and more of the United lurch it will certainly come back to committee-passed bill an additional Nations while we cut their budget more haunt us. In a dangerous world, we are $478 million in fiscal year 1997 author- and more. foregoing the protection that foreign izations. So on top of the $2 billion re- This amendment cuts another 41⁄2 assistance can often provide. This duction in the 150 account that the percent from our assessed inter- amendment undercuts our ability to budget resolution and this bill impose national organization contributions. It conduct diplomacy, create new mar- on our diplomatic and foreign relations cuts almost 9 percent from the con- kets, and protect U.S. interests. account, the amendment further tributions we make voluntarily for Foreign aid programs should not be squeezes the whole series of accounts international peacekeeping, and it singled out to fund the Republican goal in the foreign affairs budget. makes further additional cuts in eco- of reducing the Federal budget by any Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- nomic assistance, especially develop- means necessary. This amendment will man, will the gentleman yield. ment assistance. It would cut develop- undermine U.S. leadership in the Mr. BERMAN. Sure; I yield to the ment assistance another 13 percent, world. This bill is a step in the wrong gentleman from Indiana. and that results in a total cut of nearly direction. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- 45 percent between fiscal year 1995 and Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues man, as I understand it, the cut origi- fiscal year 1997. to oppose this measure. nally proposed is $1.5 billion, and this May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5453 takes us close to $2 billion, so it was think taking the function of govern- what we are doing in the military not $2 billion initially, and this takes ment which has been the most cut for seems like a prudent number. us to $477 million more. the past 10 years and thinking you can In the post-cold-war world we do not Mr. BERMAN. The 150 account covers through drastic cuts and micromanage- have to spend as much as we did in the the items in this bill and the multilat- ment run foreign policy in a way that cold-war era. That makes sense, and it eral banks which are all tools of our maintains America’s international is not fair to our own people if we do foreign policy interests and the PL–480 leadership is terribly mistaken. not make prudent cuts. And we are not program, which is not authorized in I urge this amendment be defeated. I withdrawing from the world. We are this bill. The 150 function, the most re- think this is no longer a bill that just just saying from now on, because we duced function in the Federal Govern- constrains the cuts to what were origi- bore the whole burden of the cold war, ment over the last 10 years, which ac- nally proposed. You are now going fur- because we, the American people, de- counts for about 1.3 percent of our Fed- ther, slashing even more than the bill cided that we had to protect the world eral spending, is being reduced as I un- that the committee brought to the against communism and yes, before derstand it by close to $2 billion below floor, and I urge that the Brownback that, against fascism and Japanese last year’s spending, $3 billion below amendment be defeated. militarism, and yes, before that, the administration’s request, and now Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, against the Germans invading Western in fiscal year 1997 we have a further I move to strike the requisite number Europe, but the fact of the matter is cut. of words. the American people do not have to I do not understand, and I would like Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, bear all of the burdens of the world any to hear laid out at some point in this will the gentleman yield? longer. What we are saying is not isola- thing just how you think the foreign Mr. ROHRABACHER. I yield to the tionism, but that when we are spending relations functions of the Federal Gov- gentleman from Kansas. our hard-earned tax dollars we must, ernment are going to work to serve Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I No. 1, make sure that all of those dol- American interests. I listened during thank the gentleman for yielding. I lars are being spent in the interests of the general debate on this bill to your just point out in response to the last the United States, and yes, there is a colleague from Oregon who said func- speaker briefly that was saying that we benevolent interest to the United tions run by the Arms Control and Dis- are pulling out completely away from States, but in essence we want to make armament Agency, functions run by the world, going isolationist on our sure that we are spending money that the Agency for International Develop- policies, that what my amendment pro- is in our interest, and also that the dol- ment, functions run by the USIA are poses is a 3-percent cut overall in the lars are being spent effectively. irrelevant in the post-cold war era. He 150 account. A 3-percent cut it seems to We are spending things in this, even does not think that verification and me hardly qualifies for us completely left in the budget, we are spending monitoring of arms control agreements disengaging in the world, particularly things like for example paying for has relevance simply because the cold how engaged the United States is mili- birth control for India, at a time when war has ended? The fact that the re- tarily, trade security. And also I would India ends up spending their money on publics, that Russia in particular has a point out specifically on the Arms Con- developing nuclear weapons. That is substantial number of nuclear weapons trol and Disarmament Agency area not even cut out of this budget. I will left, that we are going to try and ratify cut, it is an additional $1 million, $1 tell Members if it was up to this Con- and enforce a chemical weapons treaty million cut, which again I do not be- gressman we would cut a lot more out to get rid of these functions, he does lieve really qualifies for the overstate- of the budget. And the gentleman from not think that radio broadcasts into ment the gentleman has given of we Oregon [Mr. BROWNBACK] has been ab- totalitarian countries which do not are pulling out of the world. solutely responsible. I salute him, and allow free press still have some rel- What these are are targeted, specific I salute the gentleman from New York evance, and world is all safe, the cold cuts that, what we are trying to get at [Mr. GILMAN]. They have done a tre- war is over? is balancing the budget, and if not this mendous job, and I think they are try- We know that many of you do not be- area, then somewhere else. ing to make our foreign aid more effec- lieve that because you are concerned, Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, tive and they are trying to do what is understandably and correctly, about I rise in strong support of the in the interests of this country. the level of defense spending. We know Brownback amendment. First of all, we The CHAIRMAN. The time of the what history has brought us. We know are cutting the budget in order to bal- gentleman from California [Mr. the end of World War I led to just this ance the budget in the long run. And in ROHRABACHER] has expired. kind of dynamic pullout from the doing so, we are cutting domestic pro- (On request of Mr. BERMAN, and by world, go back, Fortress America. We grams, not drastically, but we are unanimous consent, Mr. ROHRABACHER heard one member of our committee making prudent cuts throughout our was allowed to proceed for 2 additional talk about America First and for once, domestic programs. minutes.) as if being involved with an active dip- What we are suggesting here is that Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, will lomatic agenda was not putting Amer- American foreign aid and what we give the gentleman yield? ica first, that this was not all about to others through, for our benevolence Mr. ROHRABACHER. I yield to the serving America’s interests. and other reasons, should also be re- gentleman from California. We know the history of what hap- duced to be fair to our own people dur- Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank pened between the wars. We know what ing this time of domestic budget cuts. the gentleman for yielding. We can go happened after World War II. We know Overall, as we put the budget to- through foreign aid budgets and we can that the bipartisan leadership after gether, we plan to cut 9 percent, that is talk about any specific program, but I World War II decided to do it a dif- $1.5 billion, from the spending level have worked with the gentleman on a ferent way, and the result was that we from last year, and the gentleman from number of issues, and, for instance, I had a long and difficult and expensive Oregon [Mr. BROWNBACK] is simply add- know of his support and the impor- cold war, but ultimately we won it. ing another 3 percent to that level of tance he gives, unlike some of his col- But we also know that there are cuts, which leaves us $16.7 billion in aid leagues, to, for instance, the surrogate threats of terrorism and proliferation left. broadcasting, the getting information and famine and poverty, all of which, In the post-cold-war world that into countries where there is not either apart from the humanitarian interests, should make sense to the American a well-developed institutional free undermine our own interests in the people. If the American people want us press and broadcasting, or totalitarian strength of future global markets, of to spend more and more money, more states where they block it. regional stability, of controlling the than $16.7 billion on direct foreign aid, Mr. ROHRABACHER. That is correct. proliferation of nuclear weapons, and I let me note in terms of our foreign pol- Mr. BERMAN. I look at the am telling you, I understand your focus icy and in terms of foreign aid, in Brownback amendment and I say we on the deficit. I do not share where you terms of what we are doing overseas, started out with a bill that in fiscal want to go in the end, but I really $16.7 billion outside of the military and year 1996, $121 million in reductions for H 5454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 USIA, USIA’s presence abroad cut by 10 All the way down the line we have overseas, and we are not nearly cutting percent, a thousand positions in USIA certain responsibilities given to the as much in foreign aid as we are some eliminated. Broadcasting cut by over 10 Congress, certain to the Presidency, of our domestic programs. percent, impairing the agency’s ability certain to the judiciary, but in the last Mr. KASICH. Mr. Chairman, will the to broadcast to the Middle East, East- 50 years Congress has abdicated all of gentleman yield? ern Europe, the former Soviet Union, its powers and given them to the Presi- Mr. ROTH. I yield to the gentleman other important areas. dency. from Ohio. Mr. KASICH. I just want to take a b Now, in this particular bill we have 1630 some $17 billion in cuts. The argument minute here and compliment the gen- Let me just make the last one. Then here has been made with the $250 bil- tleman from Kansas for trying to get under the Brownback amendment, we lion deficit, is that too much to ask? I this overall spending level in 1997 to cut an additional $10 million for radio do not think so. One of reasons the So- concur with the spending level in the construction. viet Union fell, we no longer have the Committee on the Budget resolution, You and I, I thought, were hoping to Soviet Union, it is ancient history, is and I want to associate myself with the create a support for Radio Free Asia because they went bankrupt. Why? Be- remarks from various speakers who transmitters, Free Asia transmitters cause they spent themselves into bank- have risen in support of the amend- construction expenses, get radio, get ruptcy. ment offered by the gentleman from information into China, $30 million While we are richer than old Soviet Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK]. more in additional cuts, millions for Union was, the truth of the matter is We will still have a very robust pro- broadcasting. I feel like I hear a we are facing a $4.9 trillion national gram. mechanistic debate. We talk numbers, debt. We cannot keep going in this di- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the only 3 percent, 5 percent. rection. gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. ROTH] Mr. ROHRABACHER. Reclaiming my I know it is hard to change. Machia- has expired. time, I will give you a better example. velli told us that in his famous book (At the request of Mr. KASICH and by As you know, both of us have worked ‘‘The Prince,’’ that one of most dif- unanimous consent, Mr. ROTH was al- together for National Endowment for ficult things to do is change, and we lowed to proceed for 2 additional min- Democracy. No one has been a stronger are changing. But there is still old utes.) supporter for National Endowment for thinking, the old mentality of the lib- Mr. KASICH. If the gentleman will Democracy than I have been. Yet, in eral welfare state; yes, we have welfare yield further, we will still have a ro- the Brownback amendment, I under- at home and we are going to have wel- bust program that will promote U.S. stand they take another $2 million out fare overseas. interests around the world, but, frank- of the NED budget. Yet we are in a sit- While we are changing the welfare at ly, I think that the foreign aid budget uation where we owe it to our own peo- home, why not change the welfare for too long has represented an awful ple, even though we have priorities we overseas, too? You know, the only time lot of interests that are not necessarily would like to spend money on, to cut a family can help itself and help its in line with promoting direct U.S. na- moneys out to make them more effec- neighbors is when the family is able to tional interests. tive. Cutting the budget does not mean take care of itself. When a family Frankly, I think that the foreign aid it is less effectively spent. spends itself into bankruptcy, they bill to a large degree has become a bill Mr. ROTH. Mr. Chairman, I move to cannot take care of their brothers or that represents corporate welfare, and strike the requisite number of words. sisters or anyone else down the street. we have a number of changes in this You know, this debate that we are That is basically what we are saying bill. having here today is more than just here today. We have got to start taking This is only part of our attempt to about dollars. This debate basically is care of our own problems here at home get in the middle of reform. Frankly, about political power. What we are or else we will not be able to take care the multilateral banks are another hearing today is the President down at of anyone’s problems. area where we will be directing some the Rose Garden saying that Congress We are now to the point, with a $4.9 change. is going to clip his wings. That is not trillion national debt, that we have got But I think that the gentleman from true at all. to stop and say, hey, wait a minute, we Kansas is proposing makes good sense, When our forefathers met in Phila- have got to stop and say, hey, wait a and, frankly, I would be pretty well delphia, they set up a Government with minute, we have got to stop and ana- surprised if we did not get strong bipar- a separation of powers, some powers lyze where we are going. tisan support for this proposal. delegated to the executive, some to the There is a beautiful book, not a beau- I mean, if you are interested in re- judicial, some to the executive, legisla- tiful book but an interesting book, sponding to what your constituents tive. called ‘‘Wild Ride.’’ You see it on the want, which is a tight-fisted, respon- Since up to the Second World War, newsstand today. It is about that fa- sible foreign aid budget, you want to Congress was always involved in for- mous Kentucky horse farm, Calumet. come to the floor and support eign affairs, but during the Second They had so much money they thought BROWNBACK, and this will be able to ac- World War and after, because of the they would never come to the end of complish our goals around the world, cold war and the President had to re- dollars. What happened one day, they but do it in a way that is responsive to spond quickly, Congress abdicated woke up and they were broke. You hardworking Americans. these powers to the executive. know something, when you see what So I want to appreciate the gen- What we are saying now basically is happened to that farm, it is the same tleman yielding this time to me and that we are going to take some of these thing, a metaphor of what is happening would urge all of my colleagues on powers back. So it is not that we are here in the Congress and our own Gov- both sides of the aisle to come to the cutting a billion dollars out of the $17 ernment. floor, conform this to the budget reso- billion we are shipping overseas, which Let us start taking care of the prob- lution, support the Brownback amend- is really a pittance, the real issue here lems we have got at home. Let us ment. is what is Congress’ role in foreign af- watch the dollars we have in our pock- Mr. ROTH. I thank the gentleman for fairs? What is Congress’ role in foreign et because these pockets are empty and his contribution. policy? we have got to start analyzing where I think it is true when you take a And we, the more conservative ele- our money is going to come from and look at, for example, AID, and the gen- ment, are saying Congress should be in- how we are going to set our priorities. tleman from Ohio was talking about volved because Congress speaks for the There are many areas in this budget, corporate welfare, well, we have a lot people, and when our forefathers set up when we passed the balanced budget on of waste, fraud, and abuse in these pro- the Constitution, they said, for exam- Thursday, that cut much, much deeper grams, and if the American people were ple, the President our Executive, can than we are cutting in foreign aid. We voting here today, believe me, they ask for a declaration of war, but only do not need the crocodile tears on for- would have much deeper cuts than we Congress can declare war. eign aid. We are still sending billions are asking for. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5455 The President just had a news con- H.R. 1561 does send a message that Mr. Chairman, the State Department ference at the Rose Garden. Again, I America will no longer tolerate nations employees over 33,000 people. We have want to point this out, he said that the who receive the helping hand of the over 300 embassies, consulates, con- Congress basically is going to be clip- United States at the same time they sular agencies, and missions overseas. ping his wings. He needs more power in thumb their noses at our generosity by The committee bill folds the USIA, foreign affairs. The truth of the matter voting against us at the United Na- the ACDA, and AID into the State De- is that he has had all the power in for- tions. partment, and in that sense the bu- eign affairs. That said, Mr. Chairman, the Com- reaucracy will continue to grow. The The CHAIRMAN. The Committee will mittee on International Relations cuts proposed by both the Committee rise informally in order that the House needs to do more. America’s foreign on International Relations and the may receive a message. policy structure needs to be overhauled Clinton administration merely accept f immediately. The current system is a the status quo, albeit on a slightly relic of the 1950’s and 1960’s. smaller scale. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT The State Department is a labyrinth As the American people said last The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. of competing and overlapping agencies, year, the status quo is not good BURTON of Indiana) assumed the chair. offices and bureaus whose redundancy enough. America’s foreign policy prior- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The and waste has hampered our national ities need radical surgery. We can start Chair will receive a message. interest over the last 30 years. It is up the process by cutting the fat at Foggy f to this Congress to abolish the residue Bottom. of the cold war and bring the State De- We need to tell the American people MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT partment in line with the diplomatic we are serious about cutting the budg- A message in writing from the Presi- and security needs of the American et and we are serious about streamlin- dent of the United States was commu- people as we head into a new century. ing and downsizing the bloated bu- nicated to the House by Mr. Edwin Mr. Chairman, the new Republican reaucracy at the State Department. Congress was sent to Washington to Thomas, one of his secretaries. b 1645 The SPEAKER pro tempore. The get America’s priorities straight. Last Committee will resume its sitting. week we began the glide path toward a AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. FUNDERBURK TO balanced budget. It is not an easy proc- THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BROWNBACK f ess. Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, I b 1637 We will eliminate entire Cabinet de- offer an amendment to the amendment. partments, cut out the welfare pro- The Clerk read as follows: AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTERESTS grams of the 1960’s, and end most Fed- Amendment offered by Mr. FUNDERBURK to ACT OF 1995 eral subsidies across the board. the amendment offered by Mr. BROWNBACK: The committee resumed its sitting. Each of us has heard from students, In the matter amending section 2101(a)(2) of Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move seniors, veterans, and farmers in our the bill (relating to authorizations of appro- to strike the requisite number of districts. Many of them are upset, and priations for salaries and expenses of the De- words. they are looking at this bill. They have partment of State) strike ‘‘$355,287,000 for Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- the fiscal year 1996’’ and insert ‘‘$337,522,265 every right to be. How can we go home for the fiscal year 1996 and tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK]. and say we are cutting out Commerce, Mr. BROWNBACK. I thank the dis- Energy, and Education and perhaps The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman tinguished chairman of the Committee HUD, and reducing the size of every from North Carolina [Mr. FUNDERBURK] on International Relations. Federal department at the same time is recognized for 5 minutes in support I just wanted to clarify one other we leave the State Department vir- of his amendment. Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, point, if I could, of what is taking place tually untouched? Despite what some here. in Foggy Bottom and the bureaucracy this amendment reduces the bill’s au- There has been some discussion there will tell you, will, cuts that are thorization level for State Department about Radio Free Asia, and I do not proposed by the Brownback amend- salaries and expenses for 5 percent for touch any of the funding for Radio ment are not Draconian cuts, and the the fiscal year 1996. Mr. Chairman, I feel that since we Free Asia in the amendment that I am cuts which I would suggest that we also are asking the American people to cut putting in front of this body. put into the process are not Draconian Furthermore, I just would point out cuts. the rate of growth and to cut in actual that I think the gentleman from Ohio According to the report the chair- expenditures across the board, that the [Mr. KASICH] makes some good points man, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Gilman and the Brownback bills and about what has the foreign aid been KASICH], delivered to the House last amendments have cut USIA, ACDA, used for, at different points in time. Is week, the State Department budget and AID drastically but have only it really being used for foreign aid, or has grown from $1.7 billion in the mid- asked for a very minimal cut of 1 or 2 is it being used for some forms of cor- 1980’s to $2.6 billion this fiscal year percent in the State Department. The porate welfare, like Robert Riech, the 1995. The Budget Committee’s review State Department should not be sac- Secretary of Labor, has talked about? I notes that the continued increase in rosanct, and I feel, having worked in think there is a fair amount, and with State Department funding has come the State Department as a U.S. Ambas- the streamlining with this reasonable from the growth in salaries and ex- sador overseas for 4 years, that there is 3-percent cut, we can hope to get back penses, areas that should be addressed. a lot of waste and that we have too some of that. We need to wake up the State De- much money being spent in that area, Mr. GILMAN. I thank the gentleman partment. We need to send the word in the modern age of high technology for his remarks, and I urge my col- that business as usual has ended. and instant communications, and what leagues to support the gentleman from I am sure that some will say that any we have had and what we have seen Kansas in order to bring this bill with- cuts in the State Department will hurt there in the last few years is that, in the budgetary resolution so that we our fight against terrorism and out-of- while other Government agencies and can move forward. control immigration. Such cuts will do programs are being cut back or using a Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, I no such thing. The way to combat ter- reasonable measure of trying to cut move to strike the requisite number of rorism and immigration abuses is not wasteful expenditures, we have actu- words. to spend more on bureaucrats and dip- ally had an increase in the building of Mr. Chairman, let me first begin my lomatic staff, but it is to boost the mo- consulates in countries where we really remarks by complimenting the distin- rale of our foreign and domestic intel- have no major problems and an in- guished chairman of the Committee on ligence agencies, to increase the rapid crease in the building of embassies, and International Relations for bringing to response capability of our Armed the salaries have been increasing at too the floor of the House the first attempt Forces, and to lower the numbers of high a level. to change the basic course of American people who can come to this country at Now most of the people in this coun- foreign policy in several decades. any one time. try are being asked to tighten their H 5456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 belts, those of us in Congress are going ministration and the first 2 years of people have that when someone is to either freeze or reduce our own sala- Clinton. We made cuts in operating ex- down, they come and kick them again, ries, and I think the very least we can penses in the State over and over kick them again. It is called bullying do is ask for an additional 5-percent again. As I indicated earlier, the 150 in most circles, and it has been going cut in State Department salaries and functions had the most dramatic cuts on toward Federal employees for the operating expenses, and that is why I of any—— last several months. Here we have an propose this amendment to the amend- Mr. FUNDERBURK. The gentleman example at the State Department, peo- ment offered by the gentleman from is talking about cuts in the rate of pro- ple who work very hard, people who Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK]. jected growth spending probably as op- have to have specialized training, go to Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move posed to real cuts—— the Foreign Service school, have de- to strike the last word. Mr. BERMAN. That is true, and we voted their careers to peace and diplo- I would like to ask the gentleman on gave salary across-the-board pay in- macy, and now we have a bill that sub- my time a question, if I might, the gen- creases. We did not select out State De- stantially cuts personnel, and their tleman from North Carolina. Might I partment and say, ‘‘You won’t get the compensation, and their ability to op- ask? salaries.’’ erate. We have another amendment on Mr. FUNDERBURK. Yes, please. So the cuts were felt in those depart- the floor just to show the American Mr. BERMAN. Go through this one ments, and this just adds to what I people we are going to kick them again more time with me: think is the dramatic slashes of the bill for good measure, and now we have a The Brownback amendment, which as compounded by the even more dra- secondary amendment that says, cuts—the bill, as we know, cuts essen- matic slashes of the Brownback amend- ‘‘Let’s kick them a third time.’’ tially the Foreign Affairs Committee ment. Mr. Chairman, it is not based upon Now on top of that we have—— or the Committee on International Re- any kind of analysis of how the State Mr. FUNDERBURK. I think most lations’ share of $2 billion from exist- Americans would find this a very mini- Department might better operate, how ing levels. The Brownback amendment mal cut and very reasonable cut. we might better ensure the spread of cuts an additional $450 to $480 million Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield democratic values, the preservation of from 1997 levels. The gentleman’s back the balance of my time. human rights, the development of free- amendment would cut first how much Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I enterprise markets for our businesses more in each fiscal year, 1996 and 1997? move to strike the requisite number of in the United States. Those are all the Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, words. objectives of State Department person- will the gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the nel. They are really the principles upon Mr. BERMAN. I yield to the gen- Funderburk second amendment basi- which this country was founded. The tleman from North Carolina. cally and point out that what this does people in the State Department believe Mr. FUNDERBURK. Well, only in the is the proposal that I am putting for- very strongly in those principles. year 1996 we are asking for a 5-percent ward in fiscal year 1997, it would do it Why are we doing this? It is not cut which would be 17.7 additional— in fiscal year 1996 and making those re- based upon any kind of organization $17.7 million. Now the Brownback ductions in fiscal year 1996. analysis. We are doing it to punish peo- amendment cuts across the board. This The other things that I would like to ple in the State Department because one is only in State Department sala- point out were that the gentleman they fit into the larger context. They ries and operating expenses. from North Carolina [Mr. FUNDERBURK] are part of the Federal bureaucracy. Mr. BERMAN. So, on top of—on top can also properly be responded to and We did a little analysis and found of what the committee cut the gen- called Ambassador Funderburk. He was that the Federal bureaucracy has been tleman is cutting an additional 5 per- Ambassador to Romania. I do not know used in derogatory terms 388 times cent in operating expenses for State how many other people we have in this since January. That cannot be any ac- Department operations. body that have been Ambassador, and cident, and it is no accident that at Mr. FUNDERBURK. And salaries; have worked inside the State Depart- every opportunity some people are that is correct. ment and been able to see the sorts of going to try to gain political benefit Mr. BERMAN. One other question. things that he has and the operations among their constituencies by kicking I am confused by the gentleman’s within the State Department. He Federal employees when they are al- comment that AID and ACDA and comes with great credentials in that ready down, and that is what this USIA have taken their share of cuts, particular area and one that can say: amendment is all about. but the State Department has not. I ‘‘Look, folks, this is something that we Mr. Chairman, it is disappointing. I thought this bill said there is no more can get done. This is something we are know that it is what a lot of people out ACDA, USIA, and AID. They are all pushing to do in FY 97. I think it’s rea- there would like. But it is going to going to be lumped into the State De- sonable to be able to do it in FY 96.’’ hurt us. partment. The authorization is going Now, as far as these are totally irre- As my colleagues know, there is a to be for a new expanded, consolidated sponsible, it is the sort of things we book that has been written by Sec- State Department, and these cuts are cannot do, we cannot make these sorts retary McNamara, and there have been all going to impact on what will be- of things happen, I would point out any number of books written about the come the new State Department. So I again that this is we are talking about tragedy of Vietnam. As my colleagues am not clear what the gentleman a 5-percent cut at a time when we are know, when the decisions were being means by disproportionate cuts in nearly $5 trillion in the hole. We have made to get into Vietnam, the person agencies that will no longer exist if got to make these sorts of decisions, who had been the desk officer who this bill passes. these sorts of reductions, if we are ever knew the most about Vietnam was sell- Mr. FUNDERBURK. They are not im- going to get to a balanced budget by ing refrigerators and air conditioners mediately done away with, and obvi- 2002, and, if this is not reasonable, I am in New York City because he had been ously we have, for example, a 26-per- not sure what is, nor in what other a victim of the McCarthy purge. The cent cut in the actual funding, the ac- functions we might look, that we State Department has been kicked as a tual expenditure, for USIA. That is my would ask our own people at home to scapegoat in previous years, particu- understanding. be making these sorts of reductions in larly during the 1950’s, and it cost us. To give the gentleman an exam- the foreign affairs area. To some extent it cost us 58,000 lives in ple—— So, with those points, Mr. Chairman, Vietnam. It is going to cost us in terms Mr. BERMAN. Reclaiming my time, I I would rise in support of this second- of democratic values. just say very quickly it is probably not ary amendment. We are trying to spread throughout going to have much meaning in all this Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, I move the world in terms of development of thing. I had the privilege of chairing to strike the requisite number of free-enterprise markets. We are trying the subcommittee that authorized words. to create in terms of protecting the State Department functions for 4 Mr. Chairman, we are all familiar human rights of people who live in op- years, the last 2 years of the Bush ad- with the human emotion that some pressed societies throughout the world. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5457 Those are the people who will pay for to the folks back home, but in reality The Clerk read as follows: this kind of piling-on, bullying tactic I believe it is one of the most destruc- Modification offered by Mr. FUNDERBURK to against Federal employees who work tive things that we in Congress could the amendment offered by Mr. FUNDERBURK within the State Department. do. to the amendment offered by Mr. There is no loss; in fact, there is a lot Let us look at the effect of this. The BROWNBACK: Strike ‘‘for the fiscal year 1996’’ of political gain, for people who offer effect of this proposal, cutting $227 in both places it appears. these kinds of amendments, but they fiscal year 1996 and $625 million in fis- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection are not constructive amendments. cal year 1997 from the President’s re- to the request of the gentleman from They are destructive amendments, and quest, on top of the committee cut of North Carolina? I would urge my colleagues to vote $38 million, will absolutely devastate Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, re- against this particularly destructive the Department’s ability to carry out serving the right to object, I would do amendment, Mr. Chairman. U.S. foreign policy. Four years of steep so pending an explanation by the gen- Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, I move to cost cutting has left the State Depart- tleman from North Carolina [Mr. strike the requisite number of words. ment where nearly all the funding is FUNDERBURK]. Mr. Chairman, I want to speak out spent just to support basic operations. Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, very vociferously against these amend- An additional reduction in 1996 alone will the gentleman yield? ments, which I think are ill-timed and, would shut down 160 overseas posts and Mr. ACKERMAN. I yield to the gen- frankly, poorly thought out. The bill in radically reduce presence at those re- tleman from North Carolina. my opinion devastates American pro- maining U.S. missions. It would close Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, it grams abroad. The United States is not half of the domestic passport agencies. was shown to me there was a typo- only the leader of the free world, but It would eliminate 5,700 positions, in- graphical mistake, and the wrong year the leader of the world, and what are cluding 3,500 Americans. It would stop was entered into the amendment sent we doing in this bill? We are stepping plant infrastructure investments that to the desk. back and taking back our leadership, are essential to restructuring and Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, to and we are saying to other countries, streamlining both overseas and head- make a change in a year is not nec- ‘‘We really don’t care what goes on.’’ quarters operations. essarily correcting a typographical Mr. Chairman, these amendments Are we to strip ourselves so bare that mistake. would make the bill even worse by fur- we can no longer effectively carry on Mr. FUNDERBURK. That had to fit ther cutting back. I know it may be foreign policy? Are we going to strip the figures that we had. I just did not good politics to say to the folks back ourselves so bare we are now going to change the year. home, ‘‘Gee, I’m cutting back on this say America does not care what goes Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I unpopular foreign aid program.’’ But in on in the rest of the world? Surely withdraw my reservation of objection. reality I think it does our Government what happens in this ever-shrinking The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection a great disservice and it does our coun- globe will affect us here back home. to the request of the gentleman from So I would urge defeat of these try a great disservice. North Carolina? Foreign policy for years has always amendments. I think they are very, There was no objection. been bipartisan. That has been the very shortsighted, and very, very de- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- structive. strength, in my opinion, of American man, I move to strike the requisite I also do not think it is right to keep foreign policy. During the Persian Gulf number of words. beating up on Federal workers, frank- Once again, we hear these prophets of war I was one of a handful of Demo- ly, as the majority here, the Repub- crats to break with my party and sup- doom because we are making a draco- licans, have been doing all session long. nian cut in a department, the State De- ported President Bush in sending People are working hard at their jobs. partment. This is a 5 percent cut, 1⁄20th troops to the Persian Gulf. I did so not They earn their money. They work because the President was a Repub- of their budget. We cut the congres- hard. They took employment with the sional staffs here by a third, 33 percent. lican and I was a Democrat. I did so be- Federal Government knowing what the cause he was the President and I felt For people to tell the American tax- benefits were. For us now to simply cut payers that we cannot cut this agency that what he was saying was right. It them I think is absolutely ridiculous, was being conducted in the best way in by 5 percent I think is giving them the unfair, demoralizing, and not some- wrong information. There is not any terms of bipartisan foreign policy. In thing that ought to be done. Government agency in the United my opinion this bill is not and these Again, foreign policy ought to be bi- States that cannot be cut at least 5 amendments are not even more so. partisan. People who say that America We traveled, some of us, to foreign is the strength of the world ought to percent, including the State Depart- countries, or we meet some people, for- put their money where their mouth is ment. When you are talking about eign dignitaries, here in Washington. or else there is no way we can conduct making hard choices to get to a bal- Last November a group of us on the foreign policy. anced budget, it seems to me that the Subcommittee on Africa visited West Foreign aid is 1 percent of the budget State Department can take their share Africa, met with officials, leaders, of of the United States; 1 percent. It is of the burden as well as any agency in five countries. They pleaded with us for the lowest in terms of gross domestic the government. A 5-percent cut is cer- American assistance and helping de- product of any democracy in the West. tainly not draconian. mocracy take root, and we are not We are something like 25th. We are be- Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, talking about large sums of money hind a country like Ireland and all the will the gentleman yield? here. A little bit of money goes such a Western democracies in terms of what Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to long way. we contribute in gross domestic prod- the gentleman from North Carolina. uct for foreign aid. This is shameful for Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, I b 1700 us to think that we can cut it even fur- wanted to introduce this amendment We defeated the Soviet Union in the ther. I urge my colleagues to defeat to get the attention of the State De- cold war, and now are we going to these amendments. They are terrible partment, for one thing. There are a throw it all away? Are we going to say for America and ill-thought. lot of very good people who work at the that we do not care if these countries MODIFICATION OFFERED BY MR. FUNDERBURK TO State Department. But at the same all across the Earth have democratic THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. time, I think we need an America desk values or democracy in governments or FUNDERBURK TO THE AMENDMENT OFFERED at the State Department. Maybe we parliamentary governments? Are we BY MR. BROWNBACK can talk about that at some later now going to say we do not care? That Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, I point. is the effect of the cuts in this bill. offer a modification to my amendment But we have asked a lot of people in I just think it is a terrible, terrible to the amendment offered by the gen- this country to make some sacrifices, thing to want to get up and say well, tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK], and the State Department was really let us cut it all back, let us not even and I ask unanimous consent that the making very few compared to other have any more. It may play great again modification be accepted. agencies under the foreign aid bill and H 5458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 the Overseas Interests Act. So I think The Funderburk amendment is a fine ship that they have really shown at a this is a very minimal cut, and this is amendment. All it does is say we are time when we have to decrease the size not a severe or draconian cut. I think going to kick in this 5-percent reduc- of the budget. It is a very difficult the American people have sent us here tion in the State Department a year thing to do and maintain the civility after November 8th to actually do this. earlier than what we had in and what and mutual respect we should have So we are trying to put some reason was presented to us in the budget be- here. into bloated government, waste in gov- fore. Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, will the ernment, and the just never ending Now, we are in the post-cold-war gentleman yield? process of growth. We are living in a world. Can we absorb a 5-percent de- Mr. ROHRABACHER. I yield to the high tech age, and communications can crease in the State Department budget gentleman from Virginia. zip around the world instantly. Of a year earlier? But of course we can. Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, is the course we all know that we need a For- The fact is that since the cold war is gentleman aware, with all this talk of eign Service and we need a State De- over, perhaps we do not need the same downsizing, that we hear about the partment. You need the personal con- presence that we had and that we need- downsizing efforts that worked, but the tact. But I think in terms of the ed 10 years ago and 20 years ago. majority of corporations who have growth of consulates and embassies Furthermore, technology, the com- downsized in fact have failed? Their and salaries and operating expenses, it munications technology that has just product, the quality of their product, has gotten out of hand and we need to exploded in the last 10 years, perhaps has been reduced as well as their prof- rein it back in. makes it less important that we have its? I just mention that. The Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- the same number of people stationed downsizing by itself is not necessarily man, reclaiming my time, let me just overseas and working for the State De- the ultimate objective. end by saying we are concerned about partment that we had 10 years ago. Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, Federal employees. We have some In fact, the author of this amend- reclaiming my time, I am not sure great people working for the Federal ment, Mr. FUNDERBURK, was an Amer- about the gentleman’s figures. It could Government. But we have great people ican ambassador for 4 years. He under- be true. All I know is spending money working in the private sector, too. stands the necessities of what is needed for management is not the best thing When General Motors and Chrysler and overseas. Now with increased techno- at certain times. We here have cut our other major companies across this logical capabilities, the end of the cold budgets for our committee staffs by country start feeling the financial war, Mr. FUNDERBURK was in Romania, one-third, and I would be willing to bet pinch, they have to downsize and econ- I believe, perhaps we do not need that that in the end our Congress is going to omize in order to keep their companies same type of staff in Romania that we be more effective because of that, and afloat. needed before. He understands that. we have the same right to expect that The difference is the Federal Govern- Furthermore, the most important same type of increase in productivity ment does not have to answer to any- thing we are talking about, instead of from the other Federal Government body because we can deficit spend. As saying we are attacking Federal em- agencies and departments. we deficit spend, we create a terrible ployees, what we are really trying to Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- problem for the future generations of do here is say that we need productiv- man, I move to strike the requisite this country. So just like the private ity increases in the Federal Govern- number of words. sector, Government has to downsize. ment, just like we have had in the pri- Mr. Chairman, let me speak very For the State Department to cut 5 per- vate sector. During the 1980’s what hap- briefly to my colleague from California cent is not too much to ask. pened was the private sector learned, on the remarks that he made. There Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, our private businesses learned, if they are human faces on these people that I move to strike the requisite number were going to compete and could do a are working for the State Department, of words. good job, they were going to have to and there is a critical need in order Mr. Chairman, I will make this very become more productive. They actu- that we maintain a continuum brief. I rise in support of the ally downsized their work force and, lo throughout the world in the various Funderburk amendment. Let me just and behold, some of our companies diplomatic and consulate missions that note that this is not, with all due re- found that by downsizing and not are ongoing. Therefore, the downsizing spect to my colleague from Virginia, spending so much on upper echelon in my opinion should not be analogized Mr. MORAN, who characterized this as management and employees at higher to private downsizing. kicking Federal employees while they levels, what happened was they actu- I am not so certain, based on the lack are down, this is not kicking Federal ally increased productivity and their of service that I receive in the various employees while they are down. companies are operating more effi- institutions that I do business with, The people that work at the State ciently. that downsizing is good. In that sense, Department have our deepest respect Well, Government can do that. We and to answer my colleague, the gen- and they have a very difficult job. To should expect the same thing from tleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON], characterize it as kicking Federal em- Government that we had in the private who spoke earlier about us cutting one- ployees while they are down is wrong, sector. Furthermore, we have also third of the staff here, I think that just as if I would say well, the Demo- asked other areas in the Federal Gov- that was a mistake, too, because it has crats have been kicking the American ernment, and we are asking that in our not produced any greater efficiency. It taxpayers around all of these years and budget, to decrease in the amount of has produced greater stresses and the taxpayers are down, yet you are money they spend. It is not, it is not greater problems overall in terms of kicking them while we are trying to then some sort of an assault on people the overall product. help them up. That is not really an ap- working for the State Department to Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, will the propriate analysis, just as I do not suggest that they have to be part of gentleman yield? think the proper analysis is kicking this downsizing of Government, in- Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. I yield to Federal employees while they are crease in productivity as well. That is the gentleman from Virginia. down. what this is all about. Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank We are trying, as we have said over I applaud the gentleman from North my very good friend from Florida. and over again, to make do with a bad Carolina [Mr. FUNDERBURK] and I know Mr. Chairman, this amendment was situation. We are headed toward eco- that every time that we try to have a proposed without having done the anal- nomic oblivion with this budget that is responsible and minor reduction, that ysis necessary to determine the rami- totally not only out of balance, but is we are going to be attacked as if it is fications of this amendment. leading us to an economic catastrophe some sort of a malicious intent in- Mr. Chairman, this amendment unless we do something. So we are try- volved. But I applaud the gentleman would shut down 160 overseas posts and ing to be effective, make things more from North Carolina [Mr. FUNDERBURK] radically reduce the presence at the re- effective, to downsize the government and I applaud the gentleman from New maining missions overseas. It would that exists. York [Mr. GILMAN] for the great leader- close half of the 14 domestic passport May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5459 agencies. It would eliminate 5,700 posi- Mr. Chairman, if I could address the icy here and remind my colleagues on tions, including 3,500 Americans and gentleman, the sponsor of this most re- the other side, Mr. Chairman, that 2,200 Foreign Service nationals, and it cent amendment and assure him that I there are four Senators down the hall would stop the investments that have share his intent to downsize the overall that are running for President of the been made to restructure and stream- scale of the foreign aid effort. But I United States, all of whom think that line both the overseas and the head- would also like to point out to the gen- they are going to be the next Presi- quarters operations. tleman that when we consider the dent. What you are doing to them, if Brownback amendment, which already for some strange reason, an aberration b 1715 brings us down to the budget levels, if of the American public, they should The State Department tells us that we act in haste, we may be stepping be- win, any one of them would have to this funding level, which is $227 million yond our ability to downsize our efforts come back to this body and ask for below the President’s request, which in an organized fashion. supplemental appropriations in order was already a cut, and it is $625 million I would like to take a look at what to conduct foreign policy. You do not below the President’s request for fiscal the gentleman has proposed. I would mind inflicting that upon a Democratic year 1997, would completely undermine like to examine it within the 1996 ap- administration, but I ask you, in all the Department of State’s ability to propriations process as well as the 1997 good conscience, if you had, if Presi- field a comprehensive overseas diplo- appropriations process. I would like to dent Bush had won reelection, whether matic platform for other Government work with the gentleman, if I could, to- you would be doing this to his adminis- agencies. wards effecting the changes that he tration? I seriously doubt it. And anyone that has been overseas might like to see accomplished. If we The CHAIRMAN. The question is on knows how many other Government could do that, I would ask that the the amendment offered by the gen- agencies are dependent upon State De- gentleman consider withdrawing his tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK]. partment funding and could only be amendment at this time and work with The question was taken; and the viewed by our allies as well as our ad- me on the appropriations process and Chairman announced that the ayes ap- versaries as signalling a dramatic re- that ultimately we may be able to ef- peared to have it. treat by the world’s last remaining su- fect the changes that he seeks here perpower. RECORDED VOTE today. Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I de- Mr. Chairman, I know the direction Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, that we have been going for the last mand a recorded vote. after consultation with the appropria- A recorded vote was ordered. few months, and I know that many tions chairman, the gentleman from times we do not let the facts stand in The vote was taken by electronic de- Louisiana [Mr. LIVINGSTON], I ask our way. But these are facts that we vice, and there were—ayes 276, noes 134, unanimous consent to withdraw my not voting 24, as follows: need to be aware of before we take such amendment. [Roll No. 348] destructive action as is envisioned by The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection this amendment. to the request of the gentleman from AYES—276 Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- North Carolina? Allard Cox Gutknecht man, I would like to ask the maker of There was no objection. Archer Cramer Hall (TX) the amendment, as he has proposed it, Armey Crane Hancock The amendment, as modified, to the Bachus Crapo Hastert has any analysis been done with ref- amendment is withdrawn. Baker (CA) Cremeans Hastings (WA) erence to cutting the Fulbright schol- Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida. Mr. Baker (LA) Cunningham Hayes arships and cutting funds for arms con- Ballenger Danner Hayworth Chairman, I move to strike the last Barcia Deal Hefley trol verification? I just would be inter- word. Barr DeFazio Heineman ested to know if the offeror of this I now address myself to the amend- Barrett (NE) DeLay Herger amendment has any analysis on the ment of the gentleman from Kansas Barrett (WI) Diaz-Balart Hilleary Fulbright scholarships? Bartlett Dickey Hilliard [Mr. BROWNBACK], and I will be very Barton Doggett Hobson Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, brief. Bass Doolittle Hoekstra will the gentleman yield? I would like to point out some rhet- Bateman Dornan Holden Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. I yield to Bentsen Doyle Hostettler oric that preceded the voice of sanity Bereuter Dreier Hunter the gentleman from North Carolina. of the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, Bevill Duncan Hutchinson LIVINGSTON] that came forth just then. Bilbray Dunn Hyde does the gentleman mean how this The gentleman from California [Mr. Bilirakis Durbin Inglis amendment would affect the Fulbright Bliley Edwards Istook ROHRABACHER], and the gentleman scholarships? Blute Ehrlich Jacobs from North Carolina [Mr. Boehlert Emerson Johnson (CT) Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- Boehner English Johnson, Sam man, I know that it would cut $20 mil- FUNDERBURK], were both in the Reagan administration. During those 8 years, I Bonilla Ensign Jones lion. But what about the good that the Bono Everett Kanjorski Fulbright scholarships have done? do not recall at any time that the re- Boucher Ewing Kaptur Brewster Fawell Kasich What about the good that arms ver- quest made by the Reagan administra- tion for the State Department was re- Browder Fields (LA) Kelly ification has done? Is the gentleman Brownback Fields (TX) Kennedy (RI) saying that there is no good that has duced below what their requests were. Bryant (TN) Flanagan Kim As the saying goes, foreign policy Bryant (TX) Foley King been done in these matters? Bunn Forbes Kingston Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, if stops at the shores of the United States. I think that is being violated in Bunning Fowler Klink the gentleman will continue to yield, Burr Fox Klug my amendment does not address that its worst here. Burton Franks (CT) Knollenberg question. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Buyer Franks (NJ) Kolbe BURTON] gets up and says, can the Callahan Frelinghuysen Largent Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. The gen- Camp Frisa Latham tleman cuts the money? State Department take a 5-percent cut. Canady Funderburk LaTourette Mr. FUNDERBURK. Mr. Chairman, And the rhetoric says, of course, it can. Castle Gallegly Laughlin no. We are cutting salaries and operat- Why cannot the Defense Department Chabot Ganske Lazio take a 5-percent cut? Why cannot all Chambliss Gekas Leach ing expenses for the State Department. Chapman Geren Lewis (CA) Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. But the the road projects that still remain in Chenoweth Gilchrest Lewis (KY) underlying amendment addresses the the budget take a 5-percent cut? Christensen Gillmor Lightfoot subject. Do a little mathematics. Five per- Chrysler Gilman Lincoln Clement Goodlatte Linder Mr. FUNDERBURK. The gentleman cent of $250 billion is $12.5 billion. A 5- Clinger Goodling Lipinski is referring to the Brownback amend- percent cut of the Defense Department Coble Gordon Livingston ment, yes, sir. would just about underwrite all the Collins (GA) Goss LoBiondo Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, I State Department’s requirements. So I Combest Graham Longley Condit Green Lucas move to strike the requisite number of just say that there is a time in which Cooley Greenwood Luther words. we cannot continue to cut foreign pol- Costello Gunderson Manzullo H 5460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Martini Portman Spence b 1742 good amendment, it is consistent with Mascara Poshard Spratt the bill, and we urge everyone to vote McCollum Pryce Stearns Messrs. KLINK, POMEROY, RA- McCrery Quillen Stenholm HALL, SPRATT, and GORDON for it. McDade Quinn Stockman changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, we McHale Radanovich Stump So the amendment was agreed to. have had a chance to take a look at the McHugh Rahall Stupak The result of the vote was announced bill, and have had discussions with the McInnis Ramstad Talent gentleman from Indiana. We think he McIntosh Reed Tanner as above recorded. McKeon Regula Tate AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BURTON OF is on the right track, and we have no Metcalf Riggs Tauzin INDIANA objections to the amendment. Mica Roberts Taylor (MS) Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Miller (FL) Roemer Taylor (NC) the amendment, as modified, offered by Minge Rohrabacher Thomas man, I offer amendment No. 10. Molinari Ros-Lehtinen Thornberry The Clerk read as follows: the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BUR- TON]. Montgomery Roth Thurman Amendment offered by Mr. BURTON of Indi- Moorhead Roukema Tiahrt ana: In paragraph (3) of section 3417(d) (relat- The amendment, as modified, was Morella Royce Traficant ing to prohibition on assistance to countries agreed to. Myers Salmon Upton that consistently oppose the United States Myrick Sanford Volkmer b 1745 Nethercutt Scarborough Vucanovich position in the United Nations General As- Neumann Schaefer Waldholtz sembly), insert after the matter preceding Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move Ney Schiff Walker subparagraph (A) the following new subpara- that the Committee do now rise. Norwood Seastrand Walsh graph (and redesignate subsequent subpara- The motion was agreed to. Nussle Sensenbrenner Wamp graphs accordingly): Accordingly, the Committee rose; Obey Shadegg Watts (OK) (A) chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign As- and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Orton Shaw Weldon (FL) sistance Act of 1961 (relating to development Oxley Shays Weldon (PA) assistance), HERGER) having assumed the chair, Mr. GOODLATTE, Chairman of the Commit- Packard Shuster Weller Mr. BURTON of Indiana (during the Parker Skeen White tee of the Whole House on the State of reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- Paxon Skelton Whitfield the Union, reported that that Commit- Payne (VA) Smith (MI) Wicker mous consent that the amendment be tee, having had under consideration Peterson (MN) Smith (NJ) Williams considered as read and printed in the the bill, (H.R. 1561) to consolidate the Petri Smith (TX) Wilson RECORD. Pickett Smith (WA) Young (AK) foreign affairs agencies of the United The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Pombo Solomon Zeliff States; to authorize appropriations for to the request of the gentleman from Pomeroy Souder Zimmer the Department of State and related Indiana? agencies for fiscal years 1996 and 1997; NOES—134 There was no objection. to responsibly reduce the authoriza- Abercrombie Hall (OH) Pallone MODIFICATION TO AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. Ackerman Hamilton Pastor tions of appropriations for United BURTON OF INDIANA States foreign assistance programs for Baesler Harman Payne (NJ) Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- Baldacci Hastings (FL) Pelosi fiscal years 1996 and 1997, and for other Beilenson Hefner Porter man, I ask unanimous consent to mod- purposes, had come to no resolution Berman Hinchey Rangel ify the amendment. thereon. Bishop Houghton Richardson The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re- Bonior Hoyer Rivers port the amendment, as modified. f Borski Jackson-Lee Rose Brown (CA) Johnson (SD) Roybal-Allard The Clerk read as follows: REPORT CONCERNING EMIGRATION Brown (FL) Johnson, E. B. Rush Amendment, as modified, offered by Mr. LAWS AND POLICIES OF THE RE- Brown (OH) Johnston Sabo BURTON of Indiana: In lieu of the matter pro- PUBLIC OF ROMANIA—MESSAGE Cardin Kennedy (MA) Sanders posed in the amendment, insert the follow- Clayton Kennelly Sawyer ing: In paragraph (3) of section 3417(d) (relat- FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE Clyburn Kildee Schroeder ing to prohibition on assistance to countries UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 104– Coleman LaFalce Schumer that consistently opposed the United States 78) Collins (IL) Levin Scott position in the United Nations General As- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- Collins (MI) Lewis (GA) Serrano sembly), insert after the matter after sub- Conyers Lofgren Sisisky fore the House the following message paragraph (C) the following new subpara- Coyne Lowey Skaggs from the President of the United graph: Davis Maloney Slaughter States; which was read and, together DeLauro Manton Stark (D) chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign As- Dellums Markey Stokes sistance Act of 1961 (relating to development with the accompanying papers, without Deutsch Martinez Studds assistance), except that such term shall not objection, referred to the Committee Dicks Matsui Tejeda include assistance under chapter 1 of part I on Ways and Means and ordered to be Dingell McCarthy Thompson of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 in the printed. Dixon McDermott Thornton case of countries that voted in the United Ehlers McKinney Torres Nations General Assembly on less than 50 To the Congress of the United States: Engel McNulty Torricelli percent of the recorded plenary votes. I hereby transmit a report concern- Eshoo Meehan Towns ing emigration laws and policies of the Evans Meek Tucker The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Farr Menendez Velazquez to the request of the gentleman from Republic of Romania as required by Fattah Mfume Vento Indiana? subsections 402(b) and 409(b) of Title IV Filner Miller (CA) Visclosky Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, re- of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended Flake Mineta Ward serving the right to object, we have (‘‘the Act’’). I have determined that Foglietta Mink Waters Romania is in full compliance with the Ford Moakley Watt (NC) had a chance to look at the perfecting Frank (MA) Mollohan Waxman language, and we have no objection, so criteria in subsections 402(a) and 409(a) Frost Moran Wise I withdraw my reservation of objec- of the Act. As required by Title IV, I Furse Murtha Wolf tion. will provide the Congress with periodic Gejdenson Nadler Woolsey reports regarding Romania’s compli- Gephardt Neal Wyden The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, Gibbons Oberstar Wynn the amendment will be considered ance with these emigration standards. Gonzalez Olver Yates modified. WILLIAM J. CLINTON. Gutierrez Ortiz There was no objection. THE WHITE HOUSE, May 19, 1995. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- f NOT VOTING—24 man, this amendment just brings into Andrews Fazio Meyers accord with the rest of the bill the re- SPECIAL ORDERS Becerra Hansen Owens Calvert Hoke Peterson (FL) quirement that countries getting de- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under Clay Horn Reynolds velopmental assistance from the Unit- the Speaker’s announced policy of May Coburn Jefferson Rogers ed States should vote with the United 12, 1995, and under a precious order of Cubin Kleczka Saxton States in the United Nations at least 25 the House, the following Members will de la Garza LaHood Torkildsen Dooley Lantos Young (FL) percent of the time. We think it is a be recognized for 5 minutes each. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5461 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a solidating others and eliminating oth- exhaustive, it is over 3 months, it is previous order of the House, the gentle- ers that actually duplicate what other part of the freshmen class and Repub- woman from Ohio [Ms. KAPTUR] is rec- Federal agencies are doing. lican leadership effort to in fact reex- ognized for 5 minutes. Mr. Speaker, this is part of an overall amine government to find out where [Ms. KAPTUR addressed the House. review by Members of this House con- we can make the savings, where we can Her remarks will appear hereafter in cerned with the fiscal responsibility take lessons from the private sector to the Extensions of Remarks.] that we have to make sure that we in fact make sure that the services we hold the line on costs. Before us today f are delivering are the ones the people and in the coming weeks and months, want, that do not duplicate what State The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a we will be looking not only at the Com- governments do but in fact provide the previous order of the House, the gen- merce Department but the functions of kinds of services that make a dif- tleman from Florida [Mr. GOSS] is rec- the Department of Housing and Urban ference in people’s lives. ognized for 5 minutes. Development, the Energy Department We will be hearing forthcoming in [Mr. GOSS addressed the House. His as well as the Education Department. the next few weeks the surveys and the remarks will appear hereafter in the We can no longer be spending funds reports and the analysis by those who Extensions of Remarks.] as if it is someone else’s money. It is have been involved with the other f our constituents’ money. They must three departments I spoke of, HUD and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a get their money’s worth. its services, as well the Energy Depart- previous order of the House, the gen- The question we are asking for every ment, and, in fact, the Education De- tleman from New York [Mr. OWENS] is Federal agency, for every department, partment. recognized for 5 minutes. for every bureau: Is this function best We heard today in the subcommittee accomplished by the Government, or is [Mr. OWENS addressed the House. headed by the gentleman from Califor- it best accomplished by the private His remarks will appear hereafter in nia [Mr. HORN] about how the Energy sector? If it is best accomplished by the the Extensions of Remarks.] Department can be downsized as well. private sector, it is our job, whether it f Many of the reasons for the creation of be in the House or the Senate or the the Energy Department surrounded the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a executive branch, the President, to in shortage of energy two decades ago. We previous order of the House, the gen- fact make sure that the private sector now have a better opportunity to pro- tleman from Colorado [Mr. MCINNIS] is is where the function will rest. While vide the fuels we need, we can downsize recognized for 5 minutes. the question remains, if it is going to according to two former secretaries of [Mr. MCINNIS addressed the House. be a governmental function, is it best the Department of Energy who testi- His remarks will appear hereafter in handled by the Federal Government or fied before our Committee on Govern- the Extensions of Remarks.] the State government, county govern- ment Reform and Oversight headed by f ment, or local government? the gentleman from California [Mr. We should not be duplicating services The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a HORN] today. The testimony was quite and programs best administered by previous order of the House, the gen- poignant about the savings that can be governments closest to the people. We tleman from Guam [Mr. UNDERWOOD] is realized, about again the privatization have seen this time and time again recognized for 5 minutes. that the Federal Government can have that the governments closest to the [Mr. UNDERWOOD addressed the with the functions now being under- people oftentimes can get the effi- taken by the Department of Energy, House. His remarks will appear here- ciencies and the personal contact that after in the Extensions of Remarks.] and while there are many good public the Federal agencies have not been relations aspects of the Department of f able to effectuate on behalf of the peo- Energy, many of the functions have al- ple. ready been assumed by other agencies STREAMLINING THE FEDERAL In addition to the gentleman from GOVERNMENT and in some ways duplicate some func- Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] and the gen- tions that the Department of Defense The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under tleman from Michigan [Mr. CHRYSLER] is now conducting. the Speaker’s announced policy of May discussing the future of the Commerce 12, 1995, the gentleman from Penn- Department today, we had former Sec- We hope that these surveys on En- sylvania [Mr. FOX] is recognized for 60 retary Mosbacher who himself was Sec- ergy, Education, HUD, and Commerce minutes as the designee of the major- retary of the Department of Commerce will give many of our citizens and ity leader. who in very strong terms has rec- hopefully many of our executives that Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speak- ommended that in fact the department work within the Federal agencies the er, I rise to speak today about a very which has grown, from his point of enthusiasm to join us in this revolu- momentous occasion. view the department be privatized, be tion to make our Federal agencies be The freshman class of the Republican consolidated and certain functions be more responsive, to reduce the waste, Conference along with representatives eliminated. the abuse and the fraud that can exist of the Senate and the House leadership Secretary Mosbacher was someone in government, but to provide the that were involved in an overview and who was well-respected as a secretary funds for the services we really need. a study of the Federal agencies of the and who has been a leader in the public That way we will make the Govern- United States have come out with their and private sector. ment more responsive. results under the leadership of the gen- He was joined there today in our con- I know that the House, the Senate, tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] ference by none other than Senator and in fact the President for that mat- and the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. BOB DOLE, Senator FAIRCLOTH, and ter will be very pleased to hear from CHRYSLER] in evaluating for the first Senator ABRAHAM. Senators ABRAHAM constituents about services that the time just what the costs are of our and FAIRCLOTH are part of the Senate Federal Government is now trying to Federal bureaucracies and how we can committee which has been reviewing perform which may in fact duplicate reduce those costs. the Commerce Department and how it services that are being performed by In a detailed summary today by the can be downsized and, for that matter, your State, your county, or local gov- gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CHRYS- privatized and certain functions elimi- ernments. It is not our intention to in LER], we learned just how effective it nated. We believe that this is a fact duplicate those services but to can be to privatize, consolidate, and thoughtful and very contemplative re- make them outstanding. eliminate key functions that the Com- port that has been issued. At this time I would like to call on merce Department has been undertak- If members of the public are inter- the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ing up to this point; that a great deal ested in getting copies, if they would TIAHRT] who is heading up the Energy of savings, $7 billion, in fact, over the just contact Mr. CHRYSLER’s office at Department task force. It has been his next few years could be made by the U.S. House of Representatives here mission along with other Congressmen privatizing many of the functions, con- in Washington, DC. His report has been who whom he is working to analyze the H 5462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Energy Department and where we can Department of Energy were operating become active, and then production effectuate savings. by missing 20 percent of their mile- would increase. So what we have is a Like the gentleman from Michigan stones; in other words, they were be- very expensive oil supply. If the price [Mr. CHRYSLER] who has chaired our hind schedule. Every time they had a ever got that high to justify it we task force on Commerce, the gen- milestone, one in five of them were would see a renewal of resources, we tleman from Kansas [Mr. TIAHRT] has missed. If they scheduled five events would see a pumping through the pri- been hard at work over time to try to one day, one of them would not occur. vate sector to meet the need. make sure that we make good use of He also found out according to the The last point I think I want to make the Federal executives and the services national performance review that they on the Department of Energy is that from the hardworking employees from were 40 percent inefficient in environ- we saw that the portion that was origi- the Department of Energy, but he is mental cleanup, 40 percent inefficient. nally designed for waste gas lines, the looking to the future where we can go. That meant, according to Vice Presi- perceived energy crisis in the 1970’s, At this time I would call on the gen- dent GORE’s report, that over the next well that was in part brought on by tleman from Kansas to join us in this 30 years it could cost taxpayers $70 bil- cost and allocation controls imposed discussion on how we can make sure lion, $70 billion, money that we could by the Government. During the Reagan that Government is more effective, it put to a lot better use in a lot of dif- administration we eliminated those costs less and it is more answerable to ferent ways, ways that we really have cost and allocation controls, and by the people than the Federal Govern- of meeting the needs in the Federal eliminating those cost and allocation ment we have today. Government, but it is just going to be controls we eliminated the problem. Mr. TIAHRT. Mr. Speaker, I thank wasted unless we do something about We recently went through Desert the gentleman for yielding. it. Storm a few years ago and we had a Mr. Speaker, when we started out in So we undertook the task of looking large interruption in the supply of for- January, a group of us freshmen came at the different parts of the Depart- eign oil coming into the United States, together, we were subsequently called ment of Energy and finding out what and yet we had no gas lines. So we had the New Federalists, with the idea of we would do in each one of them. One an original crisis and then we had the trying to make our Federal Govern- of them that came up was the power bureaucracy that developed to try to ment more user friendly, smaller, and marketing administrations. The power meet that need, then we had the need make it comply with the requirements marketing administrations, there are go away and we are left with the bu- that we need to balance the budget. five of them in the U.S. They broker reaucracy. We have not really talked about the electric power that is generated like a So if we are going to go about bal- significance of balancing the budget hydroelectric plant, then broker it to ancing the budget, if we are going to go enough in my estimation. We have for the rural electric cooperatives, and about preserving a future for our chil- the last 25 years existed without bal- then on to the consumers. It is a func- dren, if we are going to go about giving ancing the Federal budget. I have three tion that often occurs privately, it is opportunity to those who are now just children and I am concerned about the done by the private sector, but now we growing up, we are going to have to future that they have. My daughter have it under the Department of En- find ways of balancing the budget. Jessica is 14. I have two sons, John, ergy, and it could best be fulfilled by Eliminating the Department of Energy who is 10 and Luke who is 7. If you take the private sector. So we are going is one; eliminating the Department of the 25 years that we have failed to bal- through this process of looking at con- Commerce is another. ance the Federal budget and you add it solidation, at privatizing and eliminat- I stand in support of Congressman to the 7 years which was in the budget ing those parts we do not need. CHRYLSER and those on his committee, resolution that we passed last week, we We also have 28 laboratories that are that he is heading up, to eliminate the have a total of 32 years. If it takes as funded by the Federal Government, and Department of Energy, and MARK SAN- long to get out of this mess as it did to again we have duplication of missions, FORD is one, Congressman MARK SAN- get into the mess, my 14-year-old overlap. We are going to propose set- FORD from South Carolina, Congress- daughter is going to be 53 years old. We ting up a commission to go out and woman HELEN CHENOWETH from Idaho, have literally taken the problems of look at each one of these labs, develop Congressman of Wis- this generation and passed them on to a consolidation process, come back consin, Congressman WES COOLEY of the next generation. with a report that says which labs can Oregon, Congresswoman SUE KELLY of In order to balance the budget, we combine their missions, which labs can New York, Congressman JACK METCALF are going to have to look at different privatize their missions to eliminate from Washington, Congressman ED methods of downsizing, of streamlining the corporate welfare that now exists BRYANT of Tennessee, and Congressman the functions that we now have. When in the structure, and just a consolida- JIM TALENT of Missouri, all courageous we looked at our government, we tion process that is going to save hun- young individuals who want to put this picked out four departments: HUD, dreds of millions of dollars for the tax- country back on the right track, who Housing and Urban Development; was payers. want to get a future preserved for their one; Department of Education was an- So we have the environmental clean- kids and all of the children in the coun- other; Department of Commerce, which up, inefficient labs, consolidating try, and we are excited about the op- is the topic today at a news conference power marketing administrations that portunity that is fresh and that we and here on the floor tonight; and the we are going to privatize. Then we have have to have the opportunity to pro- Department of Energy. the Naval Petroleum Reserve, the vide a method to balance the budget. Naval Petroleum Reserve at Elk Hills, I want to add that this is a historical b 1800 which is an oil field, and the Govern- event. When we started to draw up leg- I selected the Department of Energy ment is in the process of pumping oil. islation we found out the legislative because after looking at it I deter- We do not happen to do it as efficiently counsel had no reference point. We mined that it was a 1970’s tax guzzler, as the private sector would, so we are have never before eliminated Cabinet- that it had really outlived its useful- proposing to privatize the Elk Hills level agencies in the U.S. Government. ness and it was time for a trade-in. We Naval Petroleum Reserve. It is kind of like a hall tree. We had an found out that many parts of the De- We also have the Strategic Petro- umbrella, we did not know where to partment of Energy had duplicate mis- leum Reserve, which we think we hang it, so we got a hall tree to hang it sions, missions that existed elsewhere should sell off over a period of time. We on. Then we started piling all kinds of inside the Federal Government, and have put oil into the ground at the cost stuff on top, and when we went back to what we were trying to do was match of about $44 per barrel. Back in Kansas the hall tree to find our umbrella, we up those missions. they cannot make a living on the cur- found out it was gone. And the original We also found out, thanks to Vice rent price of oil. It is about $18 per bar- purpose for these agencies is now gone, President GORE and his national per- rel. So if you could get the price up to and it is time to pull out all of the du- formance review, that parts of the en- $44 per barrel we would see renewed plication and consolidate and pull off vironmental management within the drilling in Kansas, stripper wells would all the stuff that can be privatized and May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5463 put it in the private sector and elimi- report which for the first time docu- development of sustainable inter- nate the portions we do not need. mented in great detail the extensive national fisheries. So I am proud to be a part of the new amount of illegal dumping that took The morning session will then ad- Federalists, part of consolidating this place by the former Soviet leadership journ. We will have a luncheon where a Government down to a more friendly, in the Barents Sea, the Sea of Japan, presentation will be made by a Dr. Syl- user-oriented government and saving illegal amounts at Murmansk and in via Earle. Dr. Earle is from the Deep the future for the children, not only in the area of Novaya Zemlya and the Ocean Engineering Center, and she will my family but across his Nation. area around there, dumping entire nu- discuss the work they are doing in So I thank the gentleman from Penn- clear reactors and power plants, in terms of deep-ocean technology. sylvania for yielding. other cases dumping nuclear waste In the afternoon we will have three Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. We appre- from in an uncontrolled panel sessions running at 1:30, 2:45, and ciate the gentleman’s leadership on manner. 3:45. The 1:30 session will deal with the this task force to take the Department The issue of Russians dumping the importance of understanding the of Energy and make the consolidation, waste however is not alone. We, for the ocean. We will have a combined session the privatization, and the elimination first time, as matter of fact, only after with Members of Congress and some of of functions that are best done in the prodding through a subcommittee of our leading academics and engineering private sector. the Committee on Armed Services that and marine biologists from throughout At this time, I would like to call on I served on in last session were finally this country and the world to discuss my colleague from Pennsylvania, Con- able to get our own Navy to admit we the importance of understanding the gressman CURT WELDON, who chairs the have had two nuclear-powered sub- ocean. At 2:45 we will discuss land- GLOBE International, which is an en- marines that have gone down. In fact, based sources of marine pollution, spe- vironmental cooperative of many na- Thresher and Scorpion up until that ad- cifically the illegal dumping of nuclear tions working together for environ- mission last fall had not been acknowl- waste and radioactive waste, and at mental support. And I would like to edged by our Government. Part of our 3:45 we will focus on the issue of declin- call on the Congressman for that pur- effort is to get our governments to be ing fish stocks. That session will be pose now. more open and discuss not only the chaired by Senator KERRY. (Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania asked problems that exist but ways we can The purpose of this forum is for and was given permission to revise and better improve the environment by Members of Congress to come together extend his remarks.) working together. with Members of the Russian Duma, Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. To that end, last summer I suggested with Members of the Japanese Diet, Speaker, I rise tonight to focus on an to the members of GLOBE Inter- and with Members of the European event that is about to take place here national that we form a working task Parliament to see first of all what the in Washington that I think is signifi- force on the oceans, and that we con- problems are with our oceans, focusing cant to the world community. Back vene a forum in America, in Washing- on those three areas, declining fish when the late Senator John Heinz was ton, sometime in 1995. They accepted stocks, the illegal dumping, especially a Member of the Senate, he came to- my recommendation, and, in fact, radioactive dumping, in the oceans, gether with legislators from the coun- asked me to chair that task force and finally the sharing of technology. tries of Japan, Russia, and the Euro- which I have done. And as chairman of From that, we will hope to put to- pean Parliament to form what has be- that task force, along with Senator gether a proactive agenda that each of come known as Globe International. JOHN KERRY, we will be hosting the us can work on in our respective legis- The acronym stands for Global Legisla- GLOBE Forum, which will take place lative bodies and an agenda that will tors Organized for a Balanced Environ- on Thursday of this week in Washing- allow us to cooperate as we did in the ment. This bipartisan group both in ton. London Convention, which now has this Congress and from the Japanese Tomorrow evening we will be hosting every nation except Russia as a signa- Diet, the Russian Duma, and the Euro- a special reception at the Smithsonian. tory, saying it will not dump nuclear pean Parliament meet on a periodic The reception will focus on tech- waste in the oceans of the world. basis throughout the year to focus on nologies and new, emerging research In this way, Mr. Speaker, we can co- ways that we can deal with and solve that is being done in terms of our operate on marine problems, on envi- the problems of the Earth’s environ- ocean ecosystem. I am here to encour- ronmental problems, not necessarily ment. age our Members to stop by that recep- just imposing new legislation on the I have been a member of GLOBE for tion, to see first hand the kinds of American people, but rather finding the past several years and in my capac- technologies that we are working on. ways that we can cooperate as a world ity as a Republican Member of this In attendance, besides Senator community, so that when we take body had the pleasure of working with KERRY, will be from the Smithsonian steps to improve the quality of our ma- our two cochairmen. It is chaired at approximately 300 leading scientists rine ecosystem that we know full well this point in time by Senator JOHN from throughout the world, Admiral that our other major industrial allies KERRY from Massachusetts and Con- Watkins, and other major nonprofit will be sharing in that effort. gressman JOHN PORTER from Illinois. groups that are focusing on cleaning up So I would encourage our colleagues There are approximately 30 of us in the our oceans. That reception will be held, to attend the sessions, both the recep- Congress, Republicans and Democrats, by the way, from 7 until 9. tion tomorrow evening in the Museum who lend our names to the support for On Thursday, in the Cannon Caucus of Natural History and the conference Global cooperation on environmental Room, we will have the International all day on Thursday as we discuss the issues, getting together on a periodic Forum on the Oceans, starting at 9 problems of the oceans of the world. basis in different countries involved o’clock in the morning when Senator I want to thank my good friend and with GLOBE and finding ways that we KERRY and I will open the session, colleague for yielding to me, and want can cooperate together. moving to a presentation on the state to applaud him for the outstanding Approximately a year and one-half of the world’s oceans at 9:15 by Dr. work he is doing in this Congress. He ago I began my focus on what I think Kathy Sullivan from NOAA and 10 has become a shining star in this insti- is potentially one of the most devastat- o’clock a presentation by Adm. Jim tution in a very quick period of time, ing problems for the ocean ecosystem, Watkins on the importance of under- and I want him to know we appreciate and that is illegal dumping of waste, standing the ocean, a question-and-an- his leadership, not just in Washington especially nuclear waste, which has swer session for those in attendance, but all across the country. been a real problem now documented and then a break, followed by two pres- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. If the gen- and now admitted by the Russian lead- entations, one by the Honorable Tim tleman will yield a moment, I want to ership of the former Soviet State. Wirth, from the U.S. Department of ask a couple of followup questions, if I In fact, it was a leading Russian envi- State, on land-based sources of marine may, in relation to the conference you ronmentalist by the name of Yablakov pollution, and a presentation by Sen- are having on the environment. We ap- who a year ago in January published a ator TED STEVENS from Alaska on the preciate your leadership in moving H 5464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 ahead on positive ways in the environ- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I appre- not need to beg handouts from the tax- ment and appreciate your kind com- ciate the gentleman taking the time to payers. ments about how the freshman class is share with my fellow Members here in Our colleague from Michigan, DICK trying to work with you as a senior the House about what your environ- CHRYSLER, and the other members of Member. mental efforts are underway with the Commerce Task Force have done a With regard to the results of your Globe. We look forward to your find- superb job in crafting legislation to un- conference, will they be shared with ings and summary so we can make sure tangle the mess at the Commerce De- Senate and House Members even if we we take legislative action under your partment and save the taxpayers some cannot be in attendance? leadership. $73⁄4 billion—that’s ‘‘billion,’’ with a b 1815 Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. I ‘‘B’’—over 5 years. thank the gentleman. I venture to predict, Mr. Speaker, Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Abso- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speak- that our country can survive without lutely. In fact, one of the purposes of er, at this time I would like to thank the Federal Travel and Tourism Ad- Globe is to try to expand the work of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. ministration that is part of the Depart- Globe to other legislators. We are WELDON] for his efforts on the environ- ment of Commerce. Most of my con- growing. We have 30 Members now in ment and reform in that arena and stituents have never used the USTTA: Globe USA. We hope to expand it and turn, if I may, Mr. Speaker, again back We do not need it, and States, local- to find a basis for discussion and the to the press conference today that in- ities, and the private sector can do the ways that we can work together as na- volved the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. job better. tions, specifically, in my case, on areas CHABOT], who is part of a freshman Same for the Department’s so-called concerning the ocean environment. task force and Republican leadership Office of Technology Commercializa- Other Members of the Congress are team looking to downsize Government, tion. Why should the Government pick focusing on other areas. The gentleman reform Government, and make it more winners and losers in the marketplace? from Illinois [Mr. PORTER] has done a responsive. He was part of that press The Government’s not good at that, tremendous amount of work on popu- and it is just not fair for the Feds to lation issues, as has the gentlewoman conference today. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio come in on the side of one firm while from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA] and [Mr. CHABOT] for the purpose of sharing completely ignoring other competitors. Akika Damota from Japan. So, yes, we will share these findings. with our colleagues what was accom- It is an insult to the productive, inno- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I know our plished today and what the hope for vative private businesses in my district fellow Members and colleagues will be the future is. in Cincinnati and across this country interested especially in illegal dump- Mr. CHABOT. Mr. Speaker, I want to to suggest that they need the Federal ing. Would your Globe environmental thank the gentleman from Pennsylva- Department of Commerce in order to group be looking to the United Nations nia for organizing this important spe- do their work. The business people I for purposes of finding a joint agree- cial order tonight. know do not need corporate welfare; ment? Or are you going to be talking It should be absolutely clear by now. what they need is a more rational, less about treaties as between countries? We are dead serious about limiting the oppressive Federal Government. Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Basi- size and scope of our overblown Federal I could go on and on, but the bottom cally, in the case of the oceans, we will bureaucracy. I do not think there is line is that the good things that the be looking to the London Convention, much doubt about that anymore—in Commerce Department does could be which is that body which focuses on anyone’s mind. We mean to get this done better and more efficiently in the control of the oceans relative to budget deficit under control; we mean other existing agencies, while the dumping issues and trying to get Rus- to get the Federal Government out of wasteful programs that the Depart- sia to join the nations of the world in areas it doesn’t have any business ment pursues should not exist at all. agreeing to, on the record, legally being in; and we mean to improve the The General Accounting Office has told enact legislation prohibiting it from efficiency of the Federal Government us that the Department overlaps ‘‘with dumping nuclear waste in the future. in those areas where it does serve a at least 71 [other] Federal departments, Now, they have made some major useful role. agencies, and offices.’’ We will save changes. Today, I was proud to stand among a those programs that are productive and In fact, I might add, if the U.S. Pol- group of committed reformers pledging shift them to more appropriate agen- icy, had it been changed, and it was not to reduce shameful corporate welfare cies. Those that serve no valid purpose supported by the London Convention by eliminating the Department of will be eliminated altogether. That is until last year at our request and our Commerce. Tomorrow, I and other col- only common sense. urging; I applaud the Clinton adminis- leagues of ours will announce plans to Mr. Speaker, the taxpayers are tration for taking that step. We now return control over our childrens’ edu- watching. They have been in a cynical have made that statement. In fact, I cations to parents, to teachers, and to mood for quite some time now. And hope to codify that in this session of local communities: Our Back To Basics they want to be certain that they are Congress. Education Reform Act will bring an not going to get the same old song and But we will deal through the London end to the meddlesome and wasteful dance from Washington. We have made Convention and nation to nation, not Federal Department of Education, a lot of progress in the last few months necessarily through the United Na- while enhancing local control over and we can take further steps to re- tions, but rather among the nations schools. And shortly, plans will be an- store their confidence by acting on this that are members of the Globe Inter- nounced to dismantle the Federal De- important and very necessary legisla- national. partment of Energy, an agency that tion. Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I think the stands as a monument to bureaucratic Again, I want to thank the gen- key feature of why your program is solutions for problems of another era. tleman from Pennsylvania for organiz- going to be successful and has been Let us be clear: The Department of ing this special order. successful, I say to the gentleman from Commerce is not being eliminated sim- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I thank Pennsylvania [Mr. WELDON], happens ply because the man currently in the gentleman. to be the bipartisan nature, the fact charge there labors under an ethics I just wanted to ask a couple of ques- you are looking to other countries to cloud so ominous that the Department tions in follow up to your far-minded be involved and both sides of the aisle, of Justice has been forced to call for work you have done on the special Republicans and Democrats alike, in the appointment of a special prosecu- freshman class task force and the Re- the House and Senate. Your cochair- tor. No, the Department of Commerce publican leadership task force in re- man is Senator KERRY. Am correct? is being eliminated because it is waste- forming the Federal Government. Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Yes. ful, because it duplicates the work of I believe you have experience as a Senator KERRY and the gentleman other agencies, and, yes, because it school teacher yourself. Therefore, the from Illinois [Mr. PORTER], are acts in part to funnel aid to corpora- Education Department review is some- cochairs of Globe International. tions of vast wealth that frankly do thing that is certainly going to come May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5465 under your purview. Could you share Mr. BROWNBACK. I thank the Gen- just keep mortgaging and mortgaging with our colleagues here tonight what tleman very much. I appreciate the dis- the future of our children, and some- your thoughts are on how we can re- tinguished gentleman from Pennsylva- body some day has to pay. form the Education Department as one nia yielding to me to explain a key Well, I think it is time for this Con- of the four departments we are looking project we are working on at this time gress to step up to the plate and to to donwsize and privatize and elimi- in the Congress. make the tough choices and to do that nate? I would like to give a quick bit of in a responsible fashion. I think we can Mr. CHABOT Yes. I think the gen- background of where we have come actually do this and improve the Gov- tleman for that opportunity. with this. ernment, making it smaller, more effi- We are going to be holding a con- Starting in January, actually even a cient, and more focused. ference tomorrow and announcing the little bit earlier than that, in Decem- We announced today the plans of elimination of the Department of Edu- ber, before the freshman class had even eliminating the Department of Com- cation, and when you first say that, I become a part of the this Congress, a merce. We were joined today in our ef- think some people might listen very number of us gathered to start discuss- forts by the Senate task force to re- closely and say, well, eliminate the De- ing how is it that we could reform the lease the first of these four proposals partment of Education, and I want to Federal Government. If there was one which represents a thoughtful ap- make very clear that we are very very clear message of the this last elec- proach to dismantling the Commerce proeducation. tion, it was that people believe and bureaucracy. As you mentioned, I am a former know that the Federal Government is The question we applied to each of school teacher. I taught in an inner- too big, takes too much, is on their these programs and these bureauc- city school in Cincinnati. back and in their pocket too much, and racies is this: Is this program an essen- What we want to do is improve edu- they want it less, they want it less in tial and necessary function of the Fed- cation, make it better than it is now. their lives, they want it to tax them eral Government, of a limited Federal But we do not need the bureaucrats less, they want it to be demanding less Government that was never intended here in Washington telling parents and out of them. to be all things to all people? Let me teachers and local school boards how A number of us were talking about repeat that question: Is this program they should educate their children, and how is it then we could go ahead and an essential and necessary function of we should not be telling them how to deliver to the American people a small- a limited Federal Government? spend their dollars. er, more focused, more efficient Fed- James Madison, one of the chief ar- So, what we are doing is shifting the eral Government, one that does its core chitects of the Constitution, said this emphasis out of Washington, getting missions very, very well but does not about the Federal Government and its the Federal bureaucrats out of it, and do the thousands of activities it has limitations, he said, ‘‘The powers dele- save those dollars and shift programs done over the past number of years and gated by the proposed Constitution to back to local communities, where they the many activities it got into it does the Federal Government are few and can be monitored, where they can be not do well or really should not be in defined.’’ watched much more closely and for the Federal Government at all. Yet lately over the course of this parents and teachers to make the deci- So, we began discussing that. Then, century we have lost sight of this vi- sions rather than the bureaucrats here in February, a number of us, actually sion. The Federal Government has in Washington. it was on February 14 of this year, we tried to become all things to all people Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. That were joined by the chairman, the gen- and done a poor job in the process. makes a lot of sense. Obviously, we tleman from Ohio [Mr. KASICH], the Every time our Nation has faced an in- want to make sure that while we want gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. LIVING- ternal challenge, we respond with cen- to make sure the student loans and STON], and the gentleman from New tralized solutions. We look to the Fed- grants programs are maintained, they York [Mr. SOLOMON], and the gen- eral Government to solve our problems; will be. tleman from Ohio [Mr. BOEHNER], yet, by nearly every measure, these Mr. CHABOT. Absolutely. chairman of the Republican Con- centralized bureaucratic command- Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. We want ference, in announcing the creation of and-control solutions have failed, and to make sure we have funds for local four task forces to develop legislation you can just go off and tick off some of education with milk and textbooks and to eliminate four Federal Cabinet bu- the things we have done recently. transportation. The fact is many of the reaucracies, Departments of Com- In 1965 we decided we had an urban policy-level items are best left to the merce, Education, Energy, and HUD. problem in this country. And what did local school districts closest to the At that time, our critics thought it we do? Let us create a Department of people. I think that is what you are could not be done. Housing and Urban Development, in getting to as far as the reforms you Well, today we announced the first of 1965. Where are we? In 1995. We have discussed. those proposals on the Department of worse urban problems than we had at Mr. Speaker, at this time I yield to Commerce, to eliminate the Depart- that time. We created a centralized the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ment of Commerce, and we are proving focus. BROWNBACK], who as the chairman of our critics wrong. We are going to solve the problems the Federalists, a group of freshman Three of these four Cabinet-level out of Washington, where the truth of Congressmen dedicated to reform, dedi- agencies have been targeted for elimi- the matter is these problems are solved cated to downsizing Government, keep- nation by the House budget that was at the local community by individuals ing that which is important and vital, passed last week by this body, as we and States and by people committed but to eliminate the fraud, abuse, and move to balance the budget by the year there, rather those focus our attention waste that we have in the Federal Gov- 2002. and our focus here in a centralized, bu- ernment, and I would ask the gen- And I would point out for people who reaucratic approach. tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] are watching and our colleagues that if he could share with the colleagues are looking at this, a clear reason why b 1830 tonight, if he would, exactly what the we need to do this, and there are a We said we had an energy problem in purpose of the elimination of the Com- number of them, one I want to draw 1979, and what did we do? ‘‘Let’s create merce Department is, the downsizing, their attention to is the thing that is a Department of Energy,’’ that that is the privatizing, and the consolidation, right to my left, and that is the Fed- going to solve the problem, and yet I how that can be achieved and just eral debt. This is the mortgage on think, as we found, our real problem is where you are going with the elimi- America, and it is now at nearly $5 tril- we had too much regulation in a mar- nation or downsizing, privatization, of lion. If we do not balance the budget, ket sector in the Department of En- four departments. If you could give us this mortgage on America goes to near- ergy, and we decided in 1979, or there- the genesis of that, I think it would be ly $7 trillion by the year 2000. If we do abouts, we had a problem in education. instructive to the Members who are nothing on this, if we keep adding What do we do? ‘‘Let’s create a central- here tonight to listen to you. nearly $200 billion annually, and we ized, command-and-control answer that H 5466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 we are going to answer it all out of league, the gentleman from Minnesota Well, I think it is time we get a little Washington and create a Department [Mr. GUTKNECHT], to tell us his impres- report card and find out exactly how of Education,’’ and yet our test scores sions of where he thinks the reforms well the Department of Energy has have gotten worse since 1979. should be made and where the agencies been doing. To date, the American nu- The truth is that the genius of Amer- should be downsized. clear utilities’ customers have paid ica is not centralized planning, is not Mr. GUTKNECHT. Thank you, Rep- well over $10 billion into a Govern- centralized control. The genius of resentative FOX, and I want to con- ment-operated nuclear waste fund. Let America is the individual, that individ- gratulate Representative BROWNBACK. me say that again: America’s electric ual working out there, struggling, He has been really the spirit behind a consumers have paid over $10 billion in pushing to solve their own problems, group that meets every Thursday fees to the nuclear waste fund. We have and the more we focused on centralized morning at 7:30 in the morning, and I spent from that fund in excess of $4 bil- answers, the more we will fail. We need have been privileged to join him vir- lion. The Department of Energy is still to give it back to the people. tually every Thursday at that time. We in a state—still on the site of deter- So we announced the program on the do not seem to always get things done, mining where exactly that should be. Department of Commerce today. To- so I suggested this morning we start They have spent most of the money on morrow we will announce the program meetings at 6:30 in the morning. It may a facility or potential facility in Yucca on the Department of Education for a be only SAM and I that will be at those Mountain, NV, but we have spent over sensible, thoughtful elimination of the meetings, but I want to thank you and $4 billion studying that facility, and Department of Education that is congratulate you for sort of rekindling here is the incredible fact: proeducation, and elimination of the this whole notion of new federalism. We are nearly 15 years away from You know, if you look at what has Department of Commerce is coming up with a permanent site. In happened in the private sector over the probusiness, and elimination of the De- other words, we have spent 13 years and last number of years, the major cor- partment of Housing and Urban Devel- $4 billion, and according to the latest porations have understood that large, opment is prohousing and urban issues, study that I have seen, we are probably centralized bureaucracies cannot com- and elimination of the Department of at least 15 years away from having an pete in the world marketplace, and, Energy is proenergy. We just think the operational permanent waste reposi- you know, earlier this year Speaker solutions are not here and we would be tory, and I should remind the people GINGRICH said to us—really he posed better off if we did not focus here. We who are gathered here on the House the question—can America compete in would be better off if we got it out to floor and people who may be watching an increasingly competitive world mar- the marketplace, to the community, to in other places that we won World War ketplace going into the 21st century the individual, to States and local II in less than 4 years, we were able to with a 19th century bureaucracy, and I units of government, and certainly, if put a man on the moon in less than 8 think we all know the answer to that the debt is not enough of a reason, then years, and yet we have already in- question, and the answer is ‘‘no,’’ and we can just go back to our basic fed- vested over $4 billion and spent 13 so I think it has been cast upon us to eralist principles of the Federal Gov- years, and we are still 15 years away try and come up with some solutions, ernment being a limited, focused Fed- from a permanent waste repository and look at things differently, and find eral Government. site, which makes it even more inter- out if we cannot maybe reshape gov- Those are the things that we are esting to me that I was told by some- ernment, reform government, reorga- doing, and I think those are respon- one from the nuclear industry that nize government, downsize govern- sible, I think it is what the American they believe they can build a facility ment, reduce the dependency on cen- people voted on this past November as complete for less than $150 million, and tralized bureaucracy, ship more of the things we are going to get done with I am not talking about billion dollars. decisionmaking back to the States, this Congress, and I would yield back I mean that is just one example, and back to the local units and ultimately to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. probably there are other examples that back to individuals, because I think Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I thank we can repeat again and again here on the American people understand that the gentleman for yielding back. the House floor. Congressman BROWNBACK, I think it they can spend money more efficiently is very clear today from the testimony than the Federal Government. The de- But the point really is this: All of that was given at the press conference cisions made at the local level are these departments, I think, were start- that even former Secretary Mosbacher, much better decisions and are much ed for the best of intentions. I think who was in charge of the Department more responsive to what people really that many of them employ people who of Commerce, made eloquent testi- need and want in those local commu- were very sincere and believed that mony about the fact that many of nities. what they are doing is important, but these functions can be privatized, I would like to talk for a few mo- the bottom line is that the bureauc- downsized, and eliminated, and I think ments this evening just about the De- ratization of many of these Federal bu- that having a former Secretary of his partment of Energy, and the Depart- reaucracies here in Washington really renown coming forward certainly tells ment of Energy, like all of the other has not done a very good job of solving us a lot about what can be done. departments, I am certain, has a cer- some of the fundamental problems that Mr. BROWNBACK. It is interesting tain constituency out there, and people they were supposed to solve, and so, as to note in all four of our task forces to can say it does a number of good happened in corporate America, I think eliminate these departments, we have a things, and it does some things well, the time has come to downsize the Fed- former Secretary of that department and I am certain that there are people eral bureaucracy to eliminate some of working with us on each of these that who believe it ought to be retained, but the bureaucracies that are here in believes clearly we can get this elimi- let me just talk a little bit tonight, if Washington. nated, and do a better job in the proc- I could, about the—an act that the I congratulate Representative CHRYS- ess and get us back to that limited gov- Congress passed in 1982. It was entitled LER on what he brought up today in ernment. the Nuclear Waste Policy Act and es- leading the charge with the Depart- One final point I would make is the sentially made the U.S. Department of ment of Commerce. We hope they will Supreme Court is starting to look at Energy responsible for developing per- be coming out soon with the reorga- this this way as well. The Lopez case manent waste disposal facilities for nu- nization of the Department of Energy, that just came out said the Federal clear waste sites. the Department of Education, and ulti- Government is a limited government, So, in 1982, the Congress went on mately I am actively involved in work- first time in 60 years that the Supreme record that we wanted to do something ing with a task force that is looking at Court has spoken about the Federal at the Federal level. The Federal Gov- how we can ultimately eliminate the Government being a limited govern- ernment would take responsibility for Department of Housing and Urban De- ment. It is time we limited back in. nuclear waste, and they would develop velopment, and again I want to repeat Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. I hope you a permanent storage site for this nu- something that Representative will remain with us as we call on a col- clear waste. BROWNBACK said. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5467 This is not some mean-spirited ac- tonight to give us your view on where do is suck a ton of money out of an counting exercise. We are not trying to the reforms need to go for this House, otherwise vibrant economy, put thou- do this because we want to hurt school and this Congress, and, for that matter, sands of bureaucrats into high marble children or hurt electric utility cus- this country, that it can move forward. buildings, and burden the economy tomers or destroy our ability to com- Mr. SHADEGG. Thank you, Congress- even further, and that is what we have pete internationally in energy or edu- man FOX. I certainly appreciate your proven, and the bold steps taken today cation or any other field. We are doing allowing me to participate in this ef- by the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. it because we honestly believe that the fort tonight and the leadership you CHRYSLER] and the others on his task only way to really change the way we have demonstrated on it in seeking force are testament to the fact we fi- do business is to take a serious look this time and giving us an opportunity nally sat back and listened carefully and find out if there are not better to raise the issues for the American and recognized that our efforts to cen- ways that these programs and these is- people to consider. trally plan commerce in America has sues can be tackled without these huge I would like to start, and I know this failed the way efforts to centrally plan bureaucracies here in Washington. I sounds a little silly, but it is important commerce in the Soviet Union failed, think that is what the American people to thank people and to recognize their and to centrally planned commerce in want, and I think they have seen it efforts. Representative BROWNBACK, all the Eastern-bloc countries fails and happen in the private sector. We have who was just here, and Representative to centrally planned commerce every- seen a downsizing in the private sector, GUTKNECHT, who just spoke, have been where throughout the world has failed. and I think it is long overdue here in two consistent leaders in this area. b the Federal Government as well. I recall, as I am sure, Mr. FOX, you do 1845 So I congratulate you, Representa- from the early freshmen meetings Since the rest of the world got the tive FOX, and, as I indicated, Rep- when we first met as a group of revolu- message that planned economies do not resentative BROWNBACK has been doing tionaries, when we drafted the idea of work, it is about time the American an excellent job in articulating the calling ourselves the New Federalists, Government got that message and basic message that I think our found- when we got bold and talked about, began moving in the right direction. well, should we propose eliminating an ing fathers had, and that is that the Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. If the gen- agency or maybe two agencies, and best government is the least govern- tleman will yield for a moment, I think then we got even bolder and said, ment. There are obviously legitimate the gentleman has been at the fore- ‘‘Well, why not four agencies?’’ And I functions for the Federal Government, front of working with Congressman KA- noticed that the Senate is now match- but I think it is our task as Members of SICH, who is the budget chairman. His ing our trend and saying that if we can this Congress to turn over every rock, committee and your committee have eliminate four in the House, we can to ask the tough questions and to try done what has not happened since 1969, eliminate four in the Senate, and some and find more efficient ways to solving the last time we had a balanced budget of the conservative think tanks around problems. I think that is what the in this Federal Government. So your town, Heritage, I think, with a tremen- American people want, that is what fellow colleagues who are not on the dous national reputation, is proposing they expect, and frankly I hope that is Committee on the Budget, but respect eliminating, I believe, nine agencies. I what we are going to deliver before this what you have done, have to appreciate have to say that Representative 104th Congress is gaveled into history. that we are part of a very important GUTKNECHT and Representative So I appreciate a few moments to first, since 1969, that we have balanced BROWNBACK have been in the lead in share tonight some of the issues that I the budget; that we are going to give that effort and have demonstrated am concerned about, particularly back our children and grandchildren, and in great courage and great determination in Minnesota as it relates to nuclear fact senior citizens, everybody, a in going forward. It is also interesting waste policy, how much money has chance to know that we can get out to me tonight to note that most of the been wasted, in my opinion, over the from under this debt. last 13 years, and we have got to some- people involved in this effort right now, at least here on the floor tonight, I have to tell the gentleman that how bring closure to this basic issue what you have done is handled in hand because I think American electric con- are freshmen who came here with a with what Congressman CHRYSLER has sumers have been paying for it long new sense of the direction the Amer- done and Congressman BROWNBACK in enough. I think they expect some real ican people want this Government to go. Having said that about the other making sure we get the reform and the solutions. elimination of the duplication that we Again I thank Representative FOX for leaders of this, I could not—I would be have seen here in the Federal Govern- asking for this special order tonight remiss if I did not mention Representa- ment. and thank him for allowing me to par- tive CHRYSLER from Michigan. He has ticipate a few moments. done yeoman’s work. Mr. SHADEGG. I appreciate that. It Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Thank The announcement they made today is actually a great segue into where I you, Congressman GUTKNECHT. I want to eliminate the Commerce Depart- was going, and I would like to talk to thank you for your leadership in the ment is indeed a bold step forward and about that issue a little bit. I want to freshman class and this new 104th Con- a very important step forward for the bring you some facts and statistics. gress in looking for ways to downsize American people. It is this kind of Congressman GUTNECHT pointed out wasted Federal dollars, but to put change that the American people want the elimination of these agencies is not them where they are most needed, and from us, demand from us, and they do just about numbers. It is not just about I think that your private sector experi- it, and it is important to understand eliminating bureaucracy, but it is in ence and experience in the legislature they are doing it out of a sense of frus- part about that issue. in your own home State in Minnesota tration. We have spent 40 years build- I want to bring you some facts and has brought you the kind of leadership ing up the Federal Government larger statistics, and I will try to go slow and that is going to help us save funds and and larger, ever increasing its size, want you to think about them. I am help our seniors, and our families, our ever increasing its scope, ever increas- reading from statistics produced by the small businesses and our children. ing its power, saying to the American Browning Newsletter, and they tell an At this time I call on one of the lead- people time and time and time again amazing, a shocking story. ers of the freshman class who is on the that, if they will just give us a little Between 1963 and 1993, the average Committee on the Budget, and he is more power and a few more tax dollars, weekly wages of a blue collar worker in working to move us forward into the we will solve their problems, and at the America went up 398 percent. Let’s call 21st century in a fiscally responsible end of this 40 years’ experience, one it 400 percent. So average wages, blue way. I would like to call on Congress- message is clear: collar worker, up 400 percent. The man SHADEGG from Arizona for that It is failed. Central planning does not consumer price index is up 458 percent. purpose. work. We cannot solve the problems of Call it 460. Wages are up 400 percent, Congressman SHADEGG, I appreciate commerce in this country by creating a CPI is up 460 percent, consumer price your joining us here on the House floor Department of Commerce. What we can index. That is the private sector, you H 5468 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 and me at home trying to get by every- have done today in Commerce and as sibility in Government and greater in- day. Let me talk to you about what has we are doing in Energy and see what dividual responsibility for our citizens, happened to the Federal Government. are these functions, which should be I would call on the esteemed chairman Receipts at the Federal Government performed at the Federal level and of the task force that led the effort to in that same time period, between 1963 which of these should not, and which structure the dismantling of the De- and 1993, receipts are up 1,024 percent. should be performed by some other partment of Commerce, Mr. DICK Expenditures, we all know we have cre- agency and which should be handed CHRYSLER from Michigan. ated a deficit. It is no accident I put back to the States and which do not Mr. CHRYSLER. Thank you very the debt up here. Here it is, the red need to be done by Government at all. much, NICK. It is good to be here. You ink, and it scares us. Expenditures at That is what this problem is about. know, this task force that we put to- the Federal level, they are not up 400 And it will, if we dismantle these inef- gether to dismantle the Department of percent or 460 percent like wages and ficient agencies, if we have the courage Commerce, we had some very coura- the Consumer Price Index. Expendi- to be bold, it will save billions of dol- geous and energetic and innovative tures at the Federal level are up 1,241 lars on our national debt and begin to freshmen work on that committee as percent, a staggering increase, three eliminate that line. well as some sophomores. Between the Let me conclude with just one last times the amount of increase in Gov- freshmen and the sophomores, we are point. Each time I go home to my dis- ernment spending as the amount of 54 percent of the majority, so we are trict, I do not run into people who say earnings for the average blue collar the majority of the majority. But to me ‘‘I need more government.’’ I do worker in America. HELEN CHENOWETH, MARK SANFORD, The figure I like to cite the most is not run into people who ask me for SUE KELLY, WES COOLEY, JIM TALENT, the deficit. Between 1963 and 1993, more programs. We did a town hall in JOE SCARBOROUGH, MARK NEUMANN, while your wages and my wages and my district a few weeks ago. A gen- JACK METCALF, SAM BROWNBACK, TODD the average American’s wages were tleman came up to me and said he was TIAHRT, and even NICK SMITH from an executive, mid-level executive in a going up 400 to 460 percent, the deficit Michigan, helped us put this task force company in Phoenix, and that in the that you and I ran up by spending too together and brought this proposal for- last 8 years his company had downsized much on the floor of this Congress is ward today. up a staggering 6,102 percent. 6,000 per- 50 percent. It was half the size that it cent increase in the deficit that we are was simply 8 years ago. And he said, It was only 3 months ago that we an- racking up.’ John, we are producing twice the product nounced a goal that had been unthink- That burden is immoral. I look here that we produced that 8 short years ago. able in previous Congresses, and that in the audience and there are some peo- Why? Because we have forced efficiencies. was the elimination of the Depart- ple, I would say some young people, Each year I take my budget in from my de- ments of Commerce, Education, En- watching us here tonight, late in the partment to this corporation. Each year I ergy, and Housing and Urban Develop- evening, kind of watching the floor of tell them what I think I need to get the job ment. The House budget resolution done. Each year they come back to me and the House when most of the Members that passed last week calls for the give me a number that is too small. I tell elimination of three of those four De- are gone. And those people in that au- them I can’t do it. You know what? Each dience tonight and the people back year I have done it. Each year we have be- partments, and the Senate budget reso- home need to understand that it is sim- come more efficient. lution calls for the elimination of the ply morally wrong to impose that defi- That kind of efficiency is what we Department of Commerce. cit, an increase of 6,100 percent, and need to bring to the Federal Govern- We said it back in February that it this red ink and debt, on them? To ment, and the elimination of these was time to put the Department of carry their lifetimes? On our children? wasteful agencies, like Commerce, like Commerce out of business, and we On my children? I have a 13-year-old Energy, like HUD, and like Education, promised to have specific legislation to and a 9-year-old. I am going to ask which have small functions that per- do just that by the spring. Today we them to pay that back because I didn’t haps should be borne by the Federal unveiled the vehicle to achieve this have the discipline? And on our grand- Government, but which ought to be goal, the Department of Commerce children? I am telling you, we cannot passed on to other agencies, and then Dismantling Act. It is promises made do it. get rid of the Washington bureaucracy, and promises kept. So that brings us to why we are the Washington bureaucrats, we do not Our Commerce task force spent the about this task. We are abut this task need them. That is the way the Amer- last 3 months studying every program because in part it has failed. Central ican people expected us to lead their in the Department, putting each one planning has failed. But it has not Government. under the microscope. We asked three failed to burden our children and Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Thank you questions of every program: First, is grandchildren. for your contribution and leadership this program necessary and is it worth By dismantling the four agencies we not only on the Committee on the borrowing the money to pay for it only are working on, Education, Commerce, Budget, but as a federalist working to to have our children pay it back? Sec- Energy and HUD, we are simply rec- make sure the freshman class works ond, if it is necessary, does the Federal ognizing it is time to think outside the with leadership to reduce the size of Government need to be involved or is it box, that we can do better. That edu- the Federal Government and make it something better left to the States, cation, I will tell you, in education in more responsive. communities, and/or individuals? my district in Arizona, the constitu- Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the efforts Third, if the Federal Government does ents are clear. They sent me with one to let us illuminate our colleagues on need to be involved, are we currently message: Education is not the business this issues. doing the job in the most effective and of the Federal Government. They be- f efficient manner? lieve that their local school board ought to be responsible for setting the REVITALIZING THE AMERICAN The result of this analysis is what I policy and the parents and the teachers ECONOMY hold in my hand today, a specific step- can do the job. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under by-step plan that will eliminate, pri- Energy, I am on the task force to the Speaker’s announced policy of May vatize, or consolidate every aspect of eliminate the Energy Department. In 12, 1995, the gentleman from Michigan the Department of Commerce. 1970 there was an energy crunch. There [Mr. SMITH] is recognized for 60 min- The Department of Commerce Dis- was a security concern. Today, with a utes as the designee of the majority mantling Act creates a temporary $7.8 trillion debt being the greatest leader. Commerce Program Resolution Agency threat to our children and grand- Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speak- that will oversee a 3-year windup pe- children, the Energy Department is a er, to continue this discussion of why riod of the Department of Commerce. demonstrated failure. If we cannot rec- it is important to downsize Govern- By cutting the unnecessary and waste- ognize that and go into it conscien- ment and how we reach our goal of ful programs immediately, we will save tiously, seriously, thoughtfully, as we having fewer taxes and greater respon- our constituents $7.765 billion over the May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5469 next 5 years. By consolidating the ben- sake of cutting down government. We tivities for the country, if there are eficial programs to be more stream- are going it because this pressure on ways we can do them better, let your lined and efficient, we are creating a the economy of America is going to do Congressman know, let Congressman government that is more accountable what all of the economists suggest, and CHRYSLER know, let Congressman and responsible. that is we are going to lose jobs for our SMITH know, let me know. Any agency This is not just a reckless effort to kids and our grandkids, in addition to that can do a better job because of an slash programs for the sake of cutting making them pay back the tremendous idea you have, they want to do their Government. Our plan is well thought debt that we have accumulated. job better. If it is better done in the out and clear in its intentions. If we private sector, as Congressman CHRYS- b 1900 found that a program was duplicative, LER said, because it is really better left we consolidated it. If a program was Five trillion dollars we have now ac- to the private sector because it is not better performed by the private sector, cumulated in debt, having no idea how a government function, we also need to we privatized it. If it was beneficial, we we are going to pay back. This effort to know that. streamlined it. And if we found a pro- look at the different departments and We started with four agencies. We gram that was unnecessary, we elimi- agencies of government is so impor- started historically for the first time nated it. tant, and I compliment you so very since 1969 having a balanced budget. We As we said in February, the Novem- much for the tremendous 80- and 90- think it is going to lead to a more re- ber election was a clear call for a hour weeks that you have put in. sponsible position, one that is more ac- smaller, more efficient, and more fo- Mr. CHRYSLER. Certainly, we do countable to the American people. cused Federal Government. The De- need lower taxes and less government, I appreciate the time the gentleman partment of Commerce Dismantling and we need to let people keep more of has given me to reflect on where we are Act delivers on this mandate by begin- what they earn and save. We need to trying to go as a Congress in a biparti- ning to downsize a government that is let people make their own decisions san manner, Republicans and Demo- too big and spends too much money. about how they spend their money, not crats alike, Senators and Congressmen, Mr. SMITH of Michigan. If the gen- government, because people will al- alike to work with the President to tleman would yield on that point, I ways make a better decision. And we move forward to make the Government think, DICK, it is so important that we cannot continue business as usual in better, to make it more responsive and remind the American people the catas- our Federal Government. We must more accountable. I think this is the trophe that can happen if we do not do make the tough choices, as the gen- beginning. We have finished the con- some of the things that you are talking tleman said, in our budget priorities. tract and we are now into looking about here today, that we are talking Our plan to dismantle the Depart- closely at those Federal agencies. I about in our efforts to balance the ment of Commerce provides positive think we can make a difference, not budget. and constructive change in bringing only in this Congress but in Congresses Let us just remind ourselves that we government back to the role it should to come. I appreciate the time you have got a huge deficit, and we use the and must play. I know in the words of have yielded to me. words making our children and our Robert Frost, one of my favorite Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speak- grandchildren pay for our overindul- poems, the last verse says, and I think er, I appreciate the gentleman’s bipar- gence. this speaks volumes for both the fresh- tisan efforts. I was delighted when the But what does that mean? That man and the sophomore class, we do President said that he was going to means that today, with our overspend- have promises yet to keep and miles to offer a balanced budget that might ing, we are taking money out of cir- go before we sleep, and miles to go be- take 10 years to balance but such a dif- culation by borrowing. We are borrow- fore we sleep. ference between that and the budget ing this year 42 percent of all of the Mr. SMITH of Michigan. I thank the that the President gave Congress here money that is borrowed in the United gentleman very much. just 6, 7 weeks ago. States. I yield to the gentleman from Penn- That budget actually increased defi- Now, what happens when we demand sylvania [Mr. FOX]. cit spending over the years so that by that we have that money, not caring Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speak- the year 2002, we would have been bor- what the interest rate is? We drive up er, I thank the gentleman. I appreciate rowing or overspending $314 billion in interest rates. By demanding that we the opportunity to take a moment just that year 2002. That is the year that we have 42 percent of the money that is to thank Congressman CHRYSLER and call it zero with the budget proposal out there to loan, that pressure on in- you for your leadership on this issue. that came out of the budget. terest rates alone is going to be a de- Congressman CHRYSLER has for the last Mr. CHRYSLER. It is amazing to me pressant. It is going to be a downward 3 months worked exhaustively to make that in just 18 months, we will be pressure on economic expansion and sure that in a businesslike way because spending more money on just the inter- jobs. he is someone who came to the Con- est on the debt than we spend right It is estimated that we can save 1.5 gress, who has been involved himself in now on the Army, the Navy, the Air percent reduction in interest rates if starting businesses and employing indi- Force, the Marines, the CIA, the FBI, we end up balancing the budget. What viduals, fighting the Federal regula- and the Pentagon combined. And that else do we do? We take the money out tions, trying to make a change. is money that is not going for any good of circulation. This year the money Now he has brought that horse sense, programs or any good purposes, not for that we are overspending could be used that common sense, business sense to Medicare, not for Social Security, not for people to go to college, to build make us save dollars and cents here in to help people that need the help, not homes, maybe, more importantly, to the Federal Government. I think we as for Pell grants, not for education, expand their business and their jobs, to Members of Congress are the bene- nothing except interest on a debt. have better jobs in this country. ficiaries of DICK CHRYSLER’s wisdom I tell you, we have got to get this def- If we are going to encourage those and his energy and the principles he icit under control. Then we have got to businesses to buy the better tools to has brought here to help us reshape our start working on eliminating this debt. put in the hands of great American thinking. I think by holding spending to 1 per- workers to make us more efficient, We can talk about different agencies, cent less than our revenues, we can then the downward pressure on interest as Congressman SMITH has talked have the debt paid off in this country rates by balancing the budget is going about, in elimination and the duplica- by the year 2025. I think that is every to do just that by tremendously lower- tion or consolidate or privatize. That bit as important as eliminating the ing costs. If we allow businesses to ex- all sounds good, but every American deficit. pense the items that they buy, we can make a difference in giving us rec- Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speak- could reduce the cost of those items by ommendations on the kinds of activi- er, I thank the gentleman again. It is an estimated 16 percent. ties that we are now involved with, Mr. so important to our future economy. I think it is important to just note Speaker, whatever they are. Whatever Greenspan, who is the head banker for that we are not just doing this for the agencies that are now doing good ac- this country, chairman of the Federal H 5470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 Reserve, said that if we do not balance (The following Members (at the re- cation by the President; regarding use of the the budget, because of the increased in- quest of Ms. JACKSON-LEE) and to in- Exchange Stabilization Fund and Federal terest rates, because of the money that clude extraneous matter:) Reserve in relation to the economic crisis in Mexico, pursuant to section 406 of the Mexi- Mr. POSHARD. we take out of circulation, because of can Debt Disclosure Act of 1995; to the Com- the overspending, because of the tre- Mr. FORD. mittee on Banking and Financial Services. mendous amount of this budget that it Mr. KLECZKA. 902. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- takes to service the debt, pay interest Mr. MORAN. ment of Education, transmitting the interim on the public debt, let me just mention Mr. FAZIO of California. report on the performance standards and as a footnote, the interest this year on Mr. ACKERMAN. measurement systems developed by States the public debt is $339 billion. That rep- Mr. TORRICELLI. for their vocational education programs, pursuant to Public Law 101–392, section 404 Mr. OBERSTAR. resents 25 percent of all revenues com- (104 Stat. 809); to the Committee on Eco- ing in from all sources to the U.S. Gov- Mr. VENTO. nomic and Educational Opportunities. ernment. We just cannot continue to Mr. COYNE. 903. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- dig ourselves deeper in this hole of pub- Mr. REED. ment of Health and Human Services, trans- lic debt. Mr. UNDERWOOD in two instances. mitting a report on the efforts of the Na- Then if we look at Social Security, Mrs. SCHROEDER. tional Center on Child Abuse and Neglect to the unfunded liability of Social Secu- Mr. WAXMAN. assist States in implementing a voluntary (The following Members (at the re- reporting system on child abuse and neglect, rity, the actuary deficit now amounts pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 5106f–1; to the Commit- to an estimated $5 trillion. Medicare, quest of Mr. HAYWORTH) and to include tee on Economic and Educational Opportuni- the unfunded liability or the actuary extraneous matter:) ties. deficit amounts to close to $8 trillion. Mr. TALENT. 904. A letter from the Postmaster General, Depending on future workers to pay Mr. GILMAN. U.S. Postal Service, transmitting a report of the bills for current expenses, whether Mr. FORBES. activities under the Freedom of Information we are talking about pension benefits Mr. BAKER of California. Act for calendar year 1994, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(e); to the Committee on Govern- Mr. LEWIS of Georgia in three in- or whether we are talking about Social ment Reform and Oversight. Security or whether we are talking stances. 905. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- about Medicare or whether we are talk- Mr. SOLOMON. ment of the Interior, transmitting the 24th ing about borrowing from future gen- Mr. BEREUTER. annual report of the actual operation during erations to pay for the overzealous Mr. PACKARD. water year 1994 for the reservoirs along the spending of this Congress must stop. Mr. HOUGHTON in two instances. Colorado River; projected plan of operation for water year 1995, pursuant to 43 U.S.C. I complement WALLY HERGER for his Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut in two 1552(b); to the Committee on Resources. extraordinary efforts on the Commit- instances. 906. A letter from the Attorney General of tee on the Budget and as a member, es- Mrs. ROUKEMA. the United States, Department of Justice, teemed member of this Congress that is Mr. DUNCAN. transmitting the 1994 annual report of the looking for ways to bring about more Mr. EMERSON. Federal Prison Industries, Inc. [FPI], pursu- responsible government. Mr. DAVIS. ant to 18 U.S.C. 4127; to the Committee on Mr. SHUSTER. the Judiciary. f 907. A letter from the Comptroller General, Mr. LARGENT. General Accounting Office, transmitting a LEAVE OF ABSENCE Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. report entitled, ‘‘Military Bases: Analysis of By unanimous consent, leave of ab- Mr. ROGERS. DOD’s 1995 Process and Recommendations sence was granted to: (The following Members (at the re- for Closure and Realignment’’ (GAO/NSIAD– Mr. CALVERT (at the request of Mr. quest of Mr. SMITH of Michigan) and to 95–133, Apr. 14, 1995), pursuant to 31 U.S.C. ARMEY), for today and the balance of include extraneous matter:) 9106(a); jointly, to the Committees on Na- the week, on account of official busi- Mr. CLAY. tional Security and Government Reform and Mr. BONILLA. Oversight. ness relating to the Base Realignment 908. A letter from the Secretary of Defense, and Closure Commission. Mr. BENTSEN. transmitting the annual report for the Na- Mr. LAHOOD (at the request of Mr. f tional Security Education Program, pursu- ARMEY), for today, on account of at- ant to 50 U.S.C. 1906; jointly, to the Commit- tending his daughter’s graduation from ADJOURNMENT tees on Intelligence (Permanent Select) and high school. Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speak- Economic and Educational Opportunities. f er, I move that the House do now ad- f journ. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED The motion was agreed to; accord- By unanimous consent, permission to ingly (at 7 o’clock and 7 minutes p.m.), Under clause 5 of rule X and clause 4 of rule XXII, public bills and resolu- address the House, following the legis- the House adjourned until Wednesday, tions were introduced and severally re- lative program and any special orders May 24, 1995, at 10 a.m. ferred as follows: heretofore entered, was granted to: f (The following Members (at the re- By Mr. ANDREWS: H.R. 1683. A bill to establish a Federal quest of Ms. JACKSON-LEE) to revise EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. cause of action for failure of State and local and extend their remarks and include public employee pension plans to meet the extraneous material:) Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- terms of such plans, subject to differing bur- Ms. KAPTUR, for 5 minutes, today. tive communications were taken from dens of proof depending on whether changes Mr. OWENS, for 5 minutes, today. the Speaker’s table and referred as fol- in the plan relating to employer contribu- Mr. UNDERWOOD, for 5 minutes, today. lows: tions are subject, under the law of the prin- (The following Members (at the re- cipal State involved, to qualified review 899. A letter from the Secretary of Defense, boards; to the Committee on the Judiciary, quest of Mr. HAYWORTH) to revise and transmitting a report entitled , ‘‘Not-To-Ex- extend their remarks and include ex- and in addition to the Committee on Eco- ceed Cost Estimates for C–17 Aircraft’’; to nomic and Educational Opportunities, for a traneous material:) the Committee on National Security. period to be subsequently determined by the Mr. GOSS, for 5 minutes each day, for 900. A letter from the Secretary of Defense, Speaker, in each case for consideration of today and May 24. transmitting a report on assistance to Red such provisions as fall within the jurisdic- Mr. MCINNIS, for 5 minutes each day, Cross for emergency communications serv- tion of the committee concerned. for today and May 24. ices for members of the Armed Forces and By Mr. BLILEY (for himself, Mr. their families, pursuant to section 383 of the f SCOTT, Mr. WOLF, Mr. PICKETT, Mr. fiscal year 1995 National Defense Authoriza- BOUCHER, Mr. DAVIS, Mr. MORAN, Mr. EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion Act; to the Committee on National Se- GOODLATTE, Mr. PAYNE of Virginia, curity. Mr. SISISKY, and Mr. BATEMAN): By unanimous consent, permission to 901. A letter from the Director, Office of H.R. 1684. A bill to require the Secretary of revise and extend remarks was granted Legislative Affairs, Department of the the Treasury to mint coins in commemora- to: Treasury, transmitting a copy of a certifi- tion of the 250th anniversary of the birth of May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5471 James Madison; to the Committee on Bank- ed States to protect the right to life; to the ADDITIONAL SPONSORS ing and Financial Services. Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors By Mr. HOUGHTON (for himself, Mr. By Mr. SANFORD: were added to public bills and resolu- RANGEL, and Mrs. MALONEY): H.J. Res. 91. Joint resolution proposing an tions as follows: H.R. 1685. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- amendment to the Constitution of the Unit- enue Code of 1986 to treat academic health ed States to allow the States to limit the pe- H.R. 28: Mr. BAKER of California, Mr. HERGER, and Mr. QUILLEN. centers like other educational institutions riod of time U.S. Senators and Representa- H.R. 38: Mr. FUNDERBURK, Mr. SALMON, Mr. for purposes of the exclusion for employer- tives may serve; to the Committee on the Judiciary. WISE, Mrs. CUBIN, Mrs. SEASTRAND, and Mrs. provided housing; to the Committee on Ways MALONEY. By Mr. PICKETT: and Means. H.R. 57: Mr. PICKETT and Mr. NETHERCUTT. By Mr. HOUGHTON (for himself, Mr. H. Con. Res. 71. Concurrent resolution pro- viding a sense of the Congress that the con- H.R. 193: Ms. LOFGREN. KLECZKA, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. CRANE, H.R. 195: Mr. CALVERT. Mrs. KENNELLY, Mr. SHAW, Mr. current resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1996 should reach a balanced Federal H.R. 250: Mr. VENTO, Mr. ABERCROMBIE, Mr. HERGER, Mr. BUNNING of Kentucky, budget by fiscal year 2001 through expendi- YATES, and Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. MCCRERY, and Mr. NEAL of Mas- ture reductions and not tax increases; to the H.R. 311: Ms. ROYBAL-ALLARD, Mr. sachusetts): Committee on the Budget. UNDERWOOD, Mr. DIAZ-BALART, and Mr. MIL- H.R. 1686. A bill to amend the Revenue Act LER of Florida. f of 1987 to provide a permanent extension of H.R. 353: Mr. FARR. the transition rule for certain publicly trad- MEMORIALS H.R. 359: Mr. MONTGOMERY and Mr. KLUG. ed partnerships; to the Committee on Ways Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memori- H.R. 491: Mr. GALLEGLY. and Means. H.R. 553: Mr. TUCKER and Mr. WILSON. By Mr. MILLER of Florida (for himself, als were presented and referred as fol- lows: H.R. 580: Mr. MCKEON, Mr. BARR, Mr. GON- Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. ARMEY, Mr. BER- ZALEZ, Mr. HOEKSTRA, and Mr. WAMP. MAN, Mr. BORSKI, Mr. ENGLISH of 88. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the H.R. 592: Mr. GALLEGLY. Pennsylvania, Mr. FOGLIETTA, Mr. Senate of the Commonwealth of Pennsylva- H.R. 656: Mr. SHAYS and Mr. BARTLETT of FORBES, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. HANCOCK, nia, relative to Fort Indiantown Gap, PA; to Maryland. Mr. HANSEN, Ms. HARMAN, Mr. KEN- the Committee on National Security. H.R. 674: Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. NEDY of Rhode Island, Mr. KOLBE, Mr. 89. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 700: Mr. LUTHER. MARKEY, Mr. MEEHAN, Mr. OWENS, State of Hawaii, relative to requesting Ha- H.R. 709: Ms. VELAZQUEZ. waii’s congressional delegation to support Mr. PORTER, Mr. ROYCE, Mr. RUSH, H.R. 713: Mr. KLUG. the continuation of community action in the Mr. SERRANO, Mr. SHAYS, Mr. State of Hawaii; to the Committee on Eco- H.R. 783: Mr. PETERSON of Minnesota. STUDDS, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. ZIMMER, nomic and Educational Opportunities. H.R. 788: Mr. GOSS. Mr. SHAW, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Mr. 90. Also, memorial of the General Assem- H.R. 789: Mr. DORNAN, Mr. PICKETT, Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts, Ms. ESHOO, bly of the State of Indiana, relative to the VOLKMER, and Mrs. SMITH of Washington. Mr. KASICH, Mr. DORNAN, Mr. WALK- Republic of China (Taiwan’s) participation in H.R. 820: Mr. QUILLEN, Mr. KANJORSKI, Mr. ER, Mr. SOLOMON, Mr. VISCLOSKY, Mr. the United Nations; to the Committee on HUTCHINSON, Mr. CARDIN, and Mr. JACOBS, Mr. DAVIS, Mr. PETRI, Mr. International Relations. FUNDERBURK. FAWELL, Mr. SENSENBRENNER, Ms. 91. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 860: Mr. KIM. LOWEY, Mrs. SCHROEDER, Mr. State of Nevada, relative to the Endangered H.R. 888: Mr. GUTIERREZ. BARRETT of Wisconsin, Mr. LIPINSKI, Species Act of 1973; to the Committee on Re- H.R. 891: Mr. DELLUMS and Mr. FATTAH. Mr. HOEKSTRA, Mr. TORKILDSEN, Mr. sources. H.R. 912: Mr. ROHRABACHER and Mr. WHITE. KLUG, Mr. WOLF, Mr. ZELIFF, Mr. 92. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 940: Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. COSTELLO, Mr. HYDE, Mrs. ROUKEMA, Mr. COX, Mr. State of Nevada, relative to urging the U.S. HILLIARD, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. TOWNS, Mr. VIS- CLOSKY, and Mr. YATES. BLUTE, Mr. CHABOT, Mr. YOUNG of Congress to maintain the U.S. Geological H.R. 945: Mr. COYNE, Mr. NEY, Mr. MORAN, Florida, Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, Mr. Survey; to the Committee on Resources. Mr. WALSH, Mr. ROGERS, Mr. BISHOP, Mr. ALENT AMP ACKARD 93. Also memorial of the Senate of the T , Mr. W , Mr. P , Mr. DOOLITTLE, and Mr. JONES. BASS, Mr. GEJDENSON, Mr. YATES, Mr. State of Nevada, relative to the 10th amend- H.R. 951: Mr. HAYES. FRANKS of New Jersey, Mr. HOKE, Mr. ment to the Constitution of the United States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 1000: Mr. TORRICELLI and Mr. DIXON. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. BOUCHER, Mr. 94. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 1018: Mr. SOLOMON. WYNN, Mr. MCINTOSH, Mr. SMITH of State of Nevada, relative to urging the U.S. H.R. 1021: Mr. OLVER. New Jersey, Mr. PORTMAN, Mr. NEY, Congress to pass legislation prohibiting each H.R. 1023: Mr. ROEMER. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mrs. SEASTRAND, State from imposing a tax on the income H.R. 1024: Mr. CHABOT and Mr. ENGLISH of Mr. GEKAS, Mr. LARGENT, Mr. HUTCH- from a pension of a person who is not a resi- Pennsylvania. INSON, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. FRANKS of dent of that State; to the Committee on the H.R. 1091: Mr. BOUCHER and Mr. SCOTT. Connecticut, Mr. ENSIGN, Mr. Judiciary. H.R. 1118: Mr. HOSTETTLER. MANZULLO, Mr. KENNEDY of Massa- 95. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 1120: Mr. HEFLEY. chusetts, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Ms. State of Nevada, relative to proposing to H.R. 1124: Mr. FRAZER and Mr. NADLER. VELAZQUEZ, Mr. GUTIERREZ, Mrs. amend the ordinance of the Nevada constitu- H.R. 1152: Mr. EVANS. tion to repeal the disclaimer of interest of MYRICK, Mr. GOSS, and Mr. SOUDER): H.R. 1201: Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. H.R. 1687. A bill to terminate the agricul- the State in unappropriated public lands; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 1204: Ms. FURSE, Mr. MORAN, Mr. tural price support and production adjust- DAVIS, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. CANADY, Ms. LOWEY, 96. Also memorial of the Senate of the ment programs for sugar; to the Committee and Mr. LAFALCE. on Agriculture. State of Iowa, relative to border city truck- ing agreements; to the Committee on Trans- H.R. 1210: Mr. WISE. By Mrs. SCHROEDER (for herself, Mr. portation and Infrastructure. H.R. 1229: Mr. THOMPSON and Mr. BONIOR. LEWIS of Georgia, Ms. NORTON, Mr. H.R. 1274: Mr. DOOLITTLE. FOGLIETTA, Mr. RICHARDSON, Mr. JA- 97. Also memorial of the House of Rep- H.R. 1281: Mr. SANDERS and Mr. NADLER. COBS, Mr. HILLIARD, Mr. WILSON, Mr. resentatives of the State of Texas, relative H.R. 1317: Mr. BARCIA of Michigan, Mr. SERRANO, and Mrs. LOWEY): to the Water Pollution Control Act; to the BREWSTER, and Mr. JACOBS. H.R. 1688. A bill to amend the Public Committee on Transportation and Infra- Health Service Act to establish a program of structure. H.R. 1386: Mr. DELAY, Mr. BURTON of Indi- providing information and education to the 98. Also, memorial of the House of Rep- ana, Mr. THORNBERRY, and Mr. CANADY. public on the prevention and treatment of resentatives of the State of Texas, relative H.R. 1404: Mr. ENGEL, Mr. FAWELL, Mr. eating disorders; to the Committee on Com- to NASA’s proposed reorganization plan; to LEWIS of Georgia, Mrs. ROUKEMA, Mr. merce. the Committee on Science. FRANKS of New Jersey, Mr. BORSKI, and Mr. By Mr. UNDERWOOD (for himself, Mr. 99. Also, memorial of the Senate of the TOWNS. GALLEGLY, Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA, and State of Hawaii, relative to requesting a H.R. 1434: Mr. REGULA and Mr. BUNNING of Mr. FRAZER): study of the welfare system of the State of Kentucky. H.R. 1689. A bill to amend title 10, United Hawaii; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 1460: Mr. HINCHEY. States Code, to provide for appointments to Means. H.R. 1462: Ms. PELOSI, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. the military service academies by the Resi- 100. Also, memorial of the Senate of Ha- ACKERMAN, Mr. EVANS, Mr. HASTINGS of Flor- dent Representative to the United States for waii, relative to urging the U.S. Congress to ida, Ms. KAPTUR, Ms. JACKSON-LEE, Mr. RAN- the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana support legislation to safeguard veterans’ GEL, Mr. WISE, and Mr. MOAKLEY. Islands; to the Committee on National Secu- disability compensation and Social Security H.R. 1484: Mr. TORRES, Mr. MCHALE, Mr. rity. disability compensation from elimination, BARCIA of Michigan, and Mr. NEY. By Mr. DORNAN: reduction, or taxation; jointly, to the Com- H.R. 1504: Mr. ZIMMER, Ms. LOFGREN, and H.J. Res. 90. Joint resolution proposing an mittees on Veterans’ Affairs and Ways and Mr. GIBBONS. amendment to the Constitution of the Unit- Means. H.R. 1516: Mr. LUTHER. H 5472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

H.R. 1521: Mr. LUTHER, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. (4) The President deserves commendation submitted pursuant to chapter 9 of title 5 FROST, Mr. FRAZER, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. for the results of such review to date, includ- (relating to executive reorganization) of the DEUTSCH, and Ms. JACKSON-LEE. ing significant numbers of foreign posts United States Code, notwithstanding section H.R. 1542: Miss COLLINS of Michigan. closed and personnel reductions made by 905(b) of that chapter. H.R. 1568: Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. LAFALCE, some foreign affairs agencies. H.R. 1561 Mr. BEILENSON, Mr. LUTHER, Mr. JACOBS, and (5) In order to achieve further budgetary OFFERED BY: MR. ACKERMAN Mr. MARTINEZ. savings and eliminate overlapping respon- H.R. 1617: Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut and sibilities and duplication of efforts in the AMENDMENT NO. 23: On page 67, after line 9, Mr. ROGERS. foreign programs and activities of the United insert the following new section: H.R. 1642: Mr. HAMILTON. States without jeopardizing United States SEC. 501. CONSOLIDATION REPORT. H.R. 1645: Mr. WALSH, Mr. LAUGHLIN, Mr. interests, continued careful review and (a) REPORT.—No agency of the United TRAFICANT, Mr. ROBERTS, and Mr. POMEROY. strong effective leadership will be required. States Government may be abolished or its H.J. Res. 79: Mr. COLEMAN and Mr. (6) A streamlined foreign affairs structure functions transferred or consolidated with HILLIARD. under the leadership of the President can another such agency pursuant to this divi- H. Con. Res. 10: Mr. MANZULLO, Mrs. KEN- more effectively promote the international sion or any other provision of this Act relat- NELLY, Mr. ROSE, Mr. GEJDENSON, Mr. COLE- interests of the United States in the next ing to reorganization unless the Director of MAN, Mr. HALL of Ohio, Mr. BISHOP, Ms. century. the Congressional Budget Office and the Di- DELAURO, Mr. PORTER, Mr. HUTCHINSON, Mr. TITLE II—ONGOING REVIEW OF INTER- rector of the Office of Management and LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. HEFNER, Mr. FRANKS NATIONAL AFFAIRS MANAGEMENT Budget independently calculate and submit of Connecticut, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. to the Congress a joint report analyzing the SEC. 201. REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PETRI, Mr. NETHERCUTT, Ms. FURSE, Mr. AGENCIES. costs and benefits of any such action. ROHRABACHER, Mr. HEINEMAN, and Mr. ABER- (a) REVIEW.—The President shall review, as (b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—The cost/benefit CROMBIE. part of an overall effort to foster efficiencies analysis required by subsection (a) shall in- H. Con. Res. 23: Mr. BEVILL, Ms. WOOLSEY, in the executive branch, the programs de- clude, but not be limited to— Mr. STOKES, Mr. STUPAK, and Mrs. COLLINS of scribed in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (1) An assessment of direct and indirect Illinois. and the Arms Export Control Act, as well as costs for the first five years associated with H. Res. 40: Mr. HAMILTON. other initiatives within the administration the implementation of the provisions of this H. Res. 118: Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. HASTINGS of of international affairs programs, to deter- division or any other provision of this Act Florida, Mr. FAZIO of California, Mr. LEWIS mine how best to achieve the cost savings relating to reorganization; and of Georgia, Ms. DELAURO, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. and streamlining. (2) The effects of consolidation on person- BOUCHER, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. GENE GREEN of (b) CONSIDERATIONS.—The review con- nel, management systems, real property, de- Texas, Ms. NORTON, Mr. LEACH, Mr. CLAY, ducted pursuant to subsection (a) shall in- cisionmaking processes, administrative Ms. ROYBAL-ALLARD, and Mr. BERMAN. clude a review of— costs, and costs associated with terminating, H. Res. 127: Mr. HAMILTON. (1) any additional costs or cost savings amending, renegotiating, or negotiating ex- f that would result from reorganizing the isting and new contracts. agencies administering programs under the (c) FURTHER CONGRESSIONAL ACTION RE- AMENDMENTS international affairs (150) budget function; QUIRED.—Notwithstanding any other provi- Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro- (2) the management implications of any sion of this act, if the Director of the Con- posed amendments were submitted as agency reorganization; gressional Budget Office and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget either follows: (3) the optimal organizational structure for the foreign affairs agencies; jointly or independently determine and re- H.R. 1561 (4) the implications for United States for- port that the costs associated with the con- OFFERED BY: MR. ABERCROMBIE eign policy and United States foreign assist- solidation required by this division or any AMENDMENT NO. 21: Page 108, lines 8 and 9, ance programs of any agency reorganization; other provision of this act relating to reorga- strike ‘‘$15,000,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and (5) the justification for staffing levels of nization exceed the fiscal year 1995 operating $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997’’ and insert non-foreign affairs agencies overseas, includ- costs of the affected agencies, such provi- ‘‘$24,500,000 for the fiscal year 1996 and ing the Departments of Commerce, Defense, sions shall not become effective unless— $24,500,000 for the fiscal year 1997’’. Justice, Treasury, and any intelligence agen- (1) the President determines that such con- solidation is in the national interest of the H.R. 1561 cies; (6) the extent to which the activities of United States; or OFFERED BY: MR. ACKERMAN such non-foreign affairs agencies contribute (2) a joint resolution is enacted specifying AMENDMENT NO. 22: On page 11, strike line to United States foreign policy and national that such provisions shall become effective 1 and all that follows through page 82, line 9 security interests; upon enactment of such resolution. and insert in lieu thereof the following: (7) the implications for the United States Redesignate sections 501 through 511 as ‘‘DIVISION A—STREAMLINING OF foreign operations of recent developments in sections 502 through 512. FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES communications technology; H.R. 1561 (8) the feasibility of centralizing worldwide TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS financial services of all foreign affairs agen- OFFERED BY: MR. ANDREWS SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. cies in the United States, including the fea- AMENDMENT NO. 24, At the end of title This division may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign sibility of moving all such services to a loca- XXXIII (relating to regional provisions), add Affairs Agencies Streamlining Act of 1995’’. tion outside of the Washington, D.C. metro- the following new section: SEC. 102. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS. politan area; SEC. 3314. RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE FOR The Congress makes the following findings: (9) the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of TURKEY. (1) With the end of the Cold War, the inter- contracting with private companies or other (a) RESTRICTIONS.—Of the funds made national challenges facing the United States United States Government agencies for cer- available for fiscal year 1996 for assistance to have changed, but the fundamental national tain services, including payroll, vendor pay- the Government of Turkey under the For- interests of the United States have not. The ments, and Foreign Service pension pay- eign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Ex- security, economic, and humanitarian inter- ments systems, medical examination pro- port Control Act, the President shall with- ests of the United States require continued grams, and certain training programs; and hold, first from grant assistance, if any, and American engagement in international af- (10) efforts to consolidate management of then from loan assistance, $500,000 for each fairs. The leading role of the United States all U.S. international exchange programs to day that Turkey does not meet the condi- in world affairs will be as important in the eliminate duplication and overlap. tions of subsection (c). twenty first century as it has been in the (c) REPORT.—Not later than six months (b) WAIVER.—The President may waive the twentieth. after the date of enactment of this Act, the application of subsection (a) if the President (2) The United States budget deficit re- President shall submit to the appropriate determines that it is in the national security quires that the foreign as well as the domes- congressional committees a report on the re- interest of the United States to do so. tic programs and activities of the United sults of the comprehensive review required (c) CONDITIONS.—The conditions of this States be carefully reviewed for potential by subsection (a). subsection are met when the President cer- savings. Wherever possible, foreign programs SEC. 202. REORGANIZATION AUTHORITY tifies to Congress that the Government of and activities must be streamlined, managed (a) AUTHORITY.—The President is author- Turkey— more efficiently, and adapted to the require- ized to submit to the Congress a reorganiza- (1) allows free and unfettered monitoring ments of the post-Cold War era. tion plan, if he determines such reorganiza- of the human rights situation within its ter- (3) As part of an overall review to foster ef- tion is necessary, to enhance the coordina- ritory by domestic and international human ficiencies in the executive branch, the Presi- tion, effectiveness, and efficiency of pro- rights monitoring organizations, including dent has had under review the organization grams within the international affairs (150) but not limited to, the Turkish Human and functions of those departments and budget function. Rights Association, the Conference on Secu- agencies responsible for administering the (b) EXCEPTION.—Any plan submitted pursu- rity and Cooperation in Europe, Amnesty international affairs (150) budget function. ant to the authority of subsection (a) may be International, and Human Rights Watch; May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5473 (2) recognizes the civil, cultural, and tivities and educational and cultural ex- TITLE II—ONGOING REVIEW OF INTER- human rights of its Kurdish citizens, ceases change programs under the United States In- NATIONAL AFFAIRS MANAGEMENT its military operations against Kurdish civil- formation and Educational Exchange Act of SEC. 201. REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ians, and takes demonstrable steps toward a 1948, the Mutual Educational and Cultural AGENCIES. peaceful resolution of the Kurdish issue; Exchange Act of 1961, Reorganization Plan (a) REVIEW.—The President shall review, as (3) takes demonstrable steps toward the Number 2 of 1977, the United States Inter- part of an overall effort to foster efficiencies total withdrawal of its military forces from national Broadcasting Act of 1994, the Radio in the executive branch, the programs de- Cyprus and demonstrates its support for a Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the Television scribed in the Foreign assistance Act of 1961 settlement recognizing the sovereignty, Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the Board for and the Arms Export Control Act, as well as independence, and territorial integrity of International Broadcasting Act, the Inspec- other initiatives within the administration Cyprus, with a constitutional democracy tor General Act of 1978, the North/South Cen- of international affairs programs, to deter- based on majority rule, the rule of law, and ter Act of 1991, the National Endowment for mine how best to achieve the cost savings the protection of minority rights; Democracy Act, and to carry out other coun- and streamlining. (4) completely removes its blockade of tries in law consistent with such purposes: (b) CONSIDERATIONS.—The review con- United States and international assistance (1) SALARIES AND EXPENSES.—For ‘‘Salaries ducted pursuant to subsection (a) shall in- to Armenia; and and Expenses’’, $445,645,000 for the fiscal year clude a review of— (5) removes official restrictions on Chris- 1996 and $423,080,000 for the fiscal year 1997. (1) any additional costs or cost savings tian churches and schools and offers suffi- (3) EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE that would result from reorganizing the cient protection against acts of violence and PROGRAMS.—For ‘‘Hubert H. Humphrey Fel- agencies administering programs under the harassment directed at members of the cler- lowship Program’’, ‘‘Edmund S. Muskie Fel- international affairs (150) budget function; gy, and offers sufficient protection against lowship Program’’, ‘‘International Visitors (2) the management implications of any acts of vandalism directed at church and Program’’, and ‘‘Mike Mansfield Fellowship agency reorganization; school property. Program’’, ‘‘Claude and Mildred Pepper (3) the optimal organizational structure for H.R. 1561 Scholarship Program of the Washington the foreign affairs agencies; OFFERED BY: MR. BEREUTER Workshops Foundation’’, ‘‘Citizen Exchange (4) the implications for United States for- Programs’’, ‘‘Congress-Bundestag Exchange AMENDMENT NO. 25, In section 3242 (relating eign policy and United States foreign assist- Program’’, ‘‘Newly Independent States and to authorization of appropriations for title ance programs of any agency reorganization; Eastern Europe Training’’, ‘‘Institute for III for Public Law 480), strike ‘‘No funds are (5) the justification for staffing levels of Representative Government’’, and ‘‘Arts authorized to be appropriated for either’’ and non-foreign affairs agencies overseas, includ- America’’, $67,265,800 for the fiscal year 1996 insert the following: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— ing the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and $67,341,400 for the fiscal year 1997. There are authorized to be appropriated Justice, Treasury, and any intelligence agen- $25,000,000 for each’’. H.R. 1561 cies; At the end of section 3242, add the follow- OFFERED BY: MR. BERMAN (6) the extent to which the activities of ing new subsection: AMENDMENT NO. 27: On page 11, strike line such non-foreign affairs agencies contribute (b) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER AMOUNTS.— 1 and all that follows through page 82, line 9 to the United States foreign policy and na- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and insert in lieu thereof the following: tional security interests; (7) the implications for the United States amounts authorized to be appropriated by ‘‘DIVISION A—STREAMLINING OF foreign operations of recent developments in subsection (a) may be used to carry out title FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES II of the Agricultural Trade Development communications technology; and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS (8) the feasibility of centralizing worldwide seq.). SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. financial services of all foreign affairs agen- In section 2106 (relating to authorizations This division may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign cies in the United States, including the fea- of appropriations for United States informa- Affairs Agencies Streamlining Act of 1995’’. sibility of moving all such services to a loca- tional, educational, and cultural programs)— SEC. 102. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS. tion outside of the Washington, D.C. metro- (1) in paragraph (1) (relating to salaries The Congress makes the following findings: politan area; and expenses) strike ‘‘$450,645,000 for the fis- (1) With the end of the Cold War, the inter- (9) the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of cal year 1996 and $428,080,000 for the fiscal national challenges facing the United States contracting with private companies or other year 1‘997’’ and insert ‘‘$445,645,000 for the fis- have changed, but the fundamental national United States Government agencies for cer- cal year 1996 and $423,080,000 for the fiscal interests of the United States have not. The tain services, including payroll, vendor pay- year 1997’’. security, economic, and humanitarian inter- ments, and Foreign Service pension pay- (2) in paragraph (3)(F) (relating to edu- ests of the United States require continued ments systems, medical examination pro- cational and cultural exchange programs) American engagement in international af- grams, and certain training programs; and strike ‘‘$87,265,800 for the fiscal year 1996 and fairs. The leading role of the United States (10) efforts to consolidate management of $87,341,400 for the fiscal year 1997’’ and insert in world affairs will be as important in the all U.S. international exchange programs to ‘‘$67,265,800 for the fiscal year 1996 and twenty first century as it has been in the eliminate duplication and overlap. $67,341,400 for the fiscal year 1997’’. twentieth. (c) REPORT.—Not later than six months H.R. 1561 (2) The United States budget deficit re- after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate OFFERED BY: MR. BEREUTER quires that the foreign as well as the domes- tic programs and activities of the United congressional committees a report on the re- AMENDMENT NO. 26: At the end of the bill, States be carefully reviewed for potential sults of the comprehensive review required add the following: savings. Wherever possible, foreign programs by subsection (a). DIVISION D—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS and activities must be streamlined, managed SEC. 202. REORGANIZATION AUTHORITY. TITLE XLI—PUBLIC LAW 480 more efficiently, and adapted to the require- (a) AUTHORITY.—The President is author- SEC. 4001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS ments of the post-Cold War era. ized to submit to the Congress a reorganiza- FOR TITLE III. (3) As part of an overall review to foster ef- tion plan, if he determines such reorganiza- (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section ficiencies in the executive branch, the Presi- tion is necessary, to enhance the coordina- 3242 of this Act, there are authorized to be dent has had under review the organization tion, effectiveness, and efficiency of pro- appropriated $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal and functions of those departments and grams within the international affairs (150) years 1996 and 1997 for the provision of agri- agencies responsible for administering the budget function. cultural commodities under title III of the international affairs (150) budget function. (b) EXCEPTION.—Any plan submitted pursu- Agricultural Trade Development and Assist- (4) The President deserves commendation ant to the authority of subsection (a) may be ance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1727 et seq.). for the results of such review to date, includ- submitted pursuant to chapter 9 of title 5 (b) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER AMOUNTS.— ing significant numbers of foreign posts (relating to executive reorganization) of the Notwithstanding any other provision of law, closed and personnel reductions made by United States Code, notwithstanding section amounts authorized to be appropriated by some foreign affairs agencies. 905(b) of that chapter. (5) In order to achieve further budgetary subsection (a) may be used to carry out title H.R. 1561 II of the Agricultural Trade Development savings and eliminate overlapping respon- OFFERED BY: MR. BERMAN and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et sibilities and duplication of efforts in the seq.). foreign programs and activities of the United AMENDMENT NO. 28: In section 2104(a)(1)(A) SEC. 4002. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS FOR States without jeopardizing United States strike ‘‘$560,000,000’’ and insert in lieu there- CERTAIN UNITED STATES INFORMA- interests, continued careful review and of ‘‘$590,000,000’’. TIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CUL- strong effective leadership will be required. Strike Section 2104(a)(4) and insert the fol- TURAL PROGRAMS. (6) A streamlined foreign affairs structure lowing: Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (3)(F) under the leadership of the President can ‘‘(4) RESETTLEMENT OF VIETNAMESE, LAO- of section 2106 of this Act, the following more effectively promote the international TIANS AND CAMBODIANS.—Of the funds author- amounts are authorized to be appropriated interests of the United States in the next ized to be appropriated in (a)(1)(A) up to to carry out international information ac- century. $30,000,000 may be made available for fiscal H 5474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 year 1996 for assistance and admission of per- SEC. 3422. ANNUAL FOREIGN ASSISTANCE JUS- (2) in the amount of assistance for any spe- sons who— TIFICATION REPORT. cific recipient of assistance, or for any cen- (A) are or were nationals and residents of (a) IN GENERAL.—In conjunction with the trally-funded program, under any foreign as- Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia; submission of the annual requests for enact- sistance program as compared to the amount (B) are within a category of aliens referred ment of authorizations and appropriations proposed by the President. to in section 599D(b)(2)(C) of the Foreign Op- for foreign assistance programs for each fis- SEC. 3424. DEFINITION OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE erations, Export Financing, and Related Pro- cal year, the President shall submit to the PROGRAMS. grams Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law Congress a single report containing— As used in this chapter, the term ‘‘foreign 101–167); and (1) an integrated justification for all for- assistance program’’ includes— (C) are or were at any time after January eign assistance programs proposed by the (1) any program of assistance authorized 1, 1989, residents of refugee camps in Hong President for the coming fiscal year; and by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (such Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, or the (2) an assessment of when the objectives of as the development assistance program, the Philippines.’’ those programs will be achieved so that the economic support fund program, and the Strike Section 2104(b) and insert the fol- assistance can be terminated. international military education and train- lowing: (b) SPECIFIC INFORMATION TO BE PRO- ing program) or authorized by the African ‘‘(b) GENERAL LIMITATIONS.—None of the VIDED.—Each such report shall include the Development Foundation Act, section 401 of funds authorized to be appropriated by sub- following: the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (relating section (a) are authorized to be available for (1) INFORMATION REGARDING A FOREIGN AS- to the Inter-American Development Founda- any program or activity that provides for, or SISTANCE PROGRAM GENERALLY.—For each tion), or any other foreign assistance legisla- promotes or funds the involuntary repatri- foreign assistance program taken as a tion; ation of any person to Vietnam, Laos or whole— (2) any program of grant, credit, or guar- Cambodia, unless the President has certified (A) the total amount of assistance pro- anty assistance under the Arms Export Con- that all persons described in subsection (a)(4) posed to be provided under that program; trol Act; who were residents of refugee camps as of (B) the justification for that amount; (3) assistance under the Migration and Ref- July 1, 1995, have been considered for reset- (C) the objectives that assistance under ugee Assistance Act of 1962; tlement to third countries, including to the that program is intended to achieve; (4) assistance under any title of the Agri- United States.’’ (D) an explanation of the relationship of cultural Trade Development and Assistance H.R. 1561 assistance under that program to assistance Act of 1954; (5) contributions to the International Mon- OFFERED BY: MR. BERMAN under other foreign assistance programs; and (E) the President’s estimation of the date etary Fund; AMENDMENT NO. 29: At the end of chapter 6 (6) contributions to the International Bank by which the objectives of that program will of title XXXI (relating to other provisions of for Reconstruction and Development, the be achieved and the program terminated. defense and security assistance), add the fol- International Development Association, or (2) INFORMATION REGARDING SPECIFIC AS- lowing new section: any other institution within the World Bank SISTANCE RECIPIENTS.—For each country or SEC. 3194. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO group; and RECOUPMENT OF NONRECURRING organization which is a proposed recipient of (7) contributions to any regional multilat- COSTS FOR CERTAIN SALES OF assistance under any foreign assistance pro- eral development bank. MAJOR DEFENSE EQUIPMENT. gram— (a) RECOUPMENT OF COSTS IN COMMERCIAL (A) the amount of each type of assistance H.R. 1561 EXPORT SALES.— proposed; OFFERED BY: MR. FILNER (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 38 of the Arms Ex- (B) the justification for providing each AMENDMENT NO. 31: Page 100, line 10, strike port Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) is amended such type of assistance; ‘‘$12,472,000’’ and insert ‘‘$21,825,000’’. by adding at the end the following new sub- (C) the objectives that each such type of H.R. 1561 section: assistance is intended to achieve; OFFERED BY: MR. GEJDENSON ‘‘(i)(1) Any sale involving the export of (D) an explanation of the relationship of major defense equipment pursuant to a li- AMENDMENT NO. 32: Page 196, after line 13, each type of assistance proposed to other insert the following section: cense or other approval granted under this types of assistance proposed for that recipi- SEC. 2712. POLICY TOWARD IRAN. section shall include an appropriate charge ent; and (a) IRAN’S ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL TERROR- for a proportionate amount of the non- (E) the President’s estimation of the date ISM.—The Congress makes the following recurring costs incurred by the United by which the objectives of assistance for fundings with respect to Iran’s acts of inter- States in the research, development, and such recipient under each foreign assistance national terrorism: production of such equipment. Such charge program will be achieved and assistance shall be comparable to the charge imposed (1) As cited by the Department of State, under that program to that recipient termi- pursuant to section 21(e)(1)(B) of this Act re- the Government of Iran was the greatest nated. lating to government-to-government sales of supporter of state terrorism in 1992, support- major defense equipment. The information required by subparagraphs ing over 20 terrorist acts, including the ‘‘(2) The charge provided for in paragraph (A) through (E) shall be provided on a recipi- bombing of the Israeli Embassy in Buenos (1) shall not apply with respect to major de- ent-by-recipient basis. Aires that killed 29 people. fense equipment that is at least 90 percent (3) INFORMATION REGARDING CENTRALLY- (2) As cited by the Department of State, paid for from funds transferred under section FUNDED PROGRAMS.—For each centrally-fund- the Government of Iran is a sponsor of radi- 503(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ed program under a foreign assistance pro- cal religious groups that have used terrorism (22 U.S.C. 2311(a)(3)) or from funds made gram— as a tool. These include such groups as available on a grant or other nonrepayable (A) the amount proposed for such program; Hezballah, HAMAS, the Turkish Islamic basis under section 23 of this Act.’’. (B) the justification for such program; Jihad, and the Popular Front for the Libera- (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Section 38(i) of the (C) the objectives each such program is in- tion of Palestine-General Command (PFLP– Arms Export Control Act, as added by para- tended to achieve; GC). graph (1), applies with respect to major de- (D) an explanation of the relationship of (3) As cited by the Department of State, fense equipment sold pursuant to a contract such program to other types of assistance the Government of Iran has resorted to entered into on or after the date of the en- proposed under that foreign assistance pro- international terrorism as a means of ob- actment of this Act. gram and under other foreign assistance pro- taining political gain. These actions have in- (b) ELIMINATION OF AUTHORITY TO REDUCE grams; and cluded not only the assassination of former OR WAIVE CHARGES FOR COSTS IN FOREIGN (E) the President’s estimation of the date Prime Minister Bakhitiar, but the death sen- MILITARY SALES FOR NATO MEMBER COUN- by which the objectives of such program will tence imposed on Salman Rushdie, and the TRIES AND CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES.—Sec- be achieved and such program terminated. assassination of the leader of the Kurdish tion 21(e) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(e)) is SEC. 3423. REQUIREMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL Democratic Party of Iran. amended by striking paragraph (2) of such EXPLANATION OF PROPOSED (4) As cited by the Department of State section. CHANGES TO THE PRESIDENT’S FOR- and the Vice President’s Task Force on Com- H.R. 1561 EIGN ASSISTANCE BUDGET. bating Terrorism, the Government of Iran Any committee of the Congress reporting OFFERED BY: MR. CONDIT has long been a proponent of terrorist ac- legislation authorizing the enactment of new tions against the United States, beginning AMENDMENT NO. 30: After chapter 2 of title budget authority for, or providing new budg- with the takeover of the United States Em- XXXIV (relating to special authorities and et authority for, foreign assistance programs bassy in Tehran in 1979. Iranian support of other provisions), insert the following new shall include in the report accompanying extremist groups has led to the following at- chapter (and redesignate the subsequent that legislation an explanation for any tacks upon the United States as well: chapter accordingly): change proposed by that committee— (A) The car bomb attack on the United CHAPTER 3—FOREIGN AID REPORTING (1) in the total amount of new budget au- States Embassy in Beirut killing 49 in 1983 REFORM ACT OF 1995 thority authorized or provided (as the case by the Hezballah. SEC. 3421. SHORT TITLE. may be) for any foreign assistance program (B) The car bomb attack on the United This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Foreign as compared to the amount proposed by the States Marine Barracks in Beirut killing 241 Aid Reporting Reform Act of 1995’’. President; or in 1983 by the Hezballah. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5475 (C) The assassination of American Univer- concern prompted the Special Representa- Forces for the repair of defense articles sity President in 1984 by the Hezballah. tive to state in his report that Iran had made under the Foreign Military Sales program, (D) The kidnapping of all American hos- ‘‘no appreciable progress towards improved section 21 of the Arms Export Control Act is tages in Lebanon from 1984–86 by the compliance with human rights in accordance amended as follows: Hezballah. with the current international instruments’’. (j)(1) AUTHORITY—The President may ac- (5) The Government of Iran provides sev- (6) As cited by Amnesty International, the quire a repairable defense article from a for- eral hundred million dollars annually in fi- Government of Iran continues to torture its eign country or international organization, nancial and logistical support to organiza- political prisoners. Torture methods include if such defense article: tions that use terrorism and violence as a burns, arbitrary blows, severe beatings, and (A) previously was transferred to such tool to undermine the Middle East peace positions inducing pain. country or organization under this Act; process. (d) UNITED STATES POLICY AND RESPONSE.— (B) is not an end item; and (6) The Government of Iran provides finan- The Congress makes the following findings (C) will be exchanged for a defense article cial, political, and logistical support and safe with respect to United States policy and re- of the same type that is in the stocks of the haven to groups that seek the violent over- sponse to Iran: Department of Defense throw of secular governments in the Middle (1) The actions by the Government of Iran (2) LIMITATION—The President may exer- East and North Africa. identified in subsections (a), (b), and (c) cise the authority provided in subsection (a) (b) IRAN’S PROGRAM TO ACQUIRE WEAPONS threaten the national security and offend the only to the extent that the Department of OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND THE MEANS BY democratic values of the United States and Defense: WHICH TO DELIVER THEM.—The Congress many other nations in the Middle East and (A)(i) has a requirement for the defense ar- makes the following findings with respect to elsewhere. ticle being returned, and (ii) has available Iran’s program to acquire weapons of mass (2) In response to this record of violent, de- sufficient funds authorized and appropriated destruction and the means by which to de- stabilizing, and antidemocratic conduct, it for such purpose, or liver them— has been the policy of the United States to (B)(i) is accepting the return of the defense (1) the Government of Iran has intensified seek to isolate the Government of Iran dip- article for subsequent transfer to another its efforts to develop weapons of mass de- lomatically and economically, thereby mak- foreign government or international organi- struction and the means by which to deliver ing the continuation of such conduct in- zation pursuant to a Letter of Offer and Ac- them; creasingly costly. ceptance implemented in accordance with (2) given Iran’s petroleum reserves, the de- (3) The policies the United States has pur- this Act, and (ii) has available sufficient sued in an effort to pressure the Government sire of the Government of Iran to obtain gas funds provided by or on behalf of such other of Iran diplomatically and economically centrifuge equipment and light water nu- foreign government or international organi- have included refusing to conduct normal clear power reactors clearly demonstrates zation pursuant to a Letter of Offer and Ac- diplomatic relations with Iran; barring the what had already been apparent, that Iran ceptance implemented in accordance with importation of Iranian oil and other prod- seeks to develop its nuclear weapons capabil- this Act. ucts into the United States; prohibiting the ity; and (3) REQUIREMENT—(A) The foreign govern- export or reexport to Iran of weapons or of (3) Iran has been relentless in its attempt ment or international organization receiving goods or technology with potential military to acquire the missiles needed to deliver nu- a new or repaired defense article in exchange uses; voting against all loans to Iran by clear and chemical weapons. for a repairable defense article pursuant to international financial institutions; and, (c) IRAN’S VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS.— subsection (a) shall, open the acceptance by most recently, imposing a total economic The Congress makes the following findings the United States Government of the repair- with respect to Iran’s violations of human embargo on Iran. (4) To further increase the cost to the Gov- able defense article being returned, be rights: ernment of Iran of its objectionable conduct charged the total cost associated with the (1) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- the United States has urged other countries repair and replacement transaction. cial Representative on Human Rights, Am- with economic ties to Iran to take equiva- (B) The total cost charged pursuant to nesty International, and the United States lent steps to isolate Iran economically and paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be the Department of State, the Government of diplomatically. same as that charged the United States Iran has conducted assassinations outside of (e) CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATIONS.—The Armed Forces for a similar repair and re- Iran, such as that of former Prime Minister Congress makes the following declarations: placement transaction, plus an administra- Shahpour Bakhitiar for which the Govern- (1) The imposition of an economic embargo tive surcharge in accordance with subsection ment of France issued arrest warrants for on Iran by President Clinton was an impor- (e)(1)(A) of this section. several Iranian governmental officials. tant and necessary measure to increase eco- (4) RELATIONSHIP TO CERTAIN OTHER PROVI- (2) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- nomic and political pressure on Iran. SIONS OF LAW—The authority of the Presi- cial Representative on Human Rights and by (2) The President should, as a matter of the dent to accept the return of a repairable de- Amnesty International, the Government of highest priority, intensify efforts to per- fense article as provided in subsection (a) is Iran has conducted revolutionary trials suade Iran’s leading trade partners and not subject to chapter 137 of title 10, United which do not meet internationally recog- creditors to join with the United States in States Code, or any other provision relating nized standards of fairness or justice. These ceasing all trade with Iran and ending any to the conclusion of contracts. trials have included such violations as a lack rescheduling or other relaxation of debts (b) For the purpose of establishing a more of procedural safeguards, trial times of 5 owed to them. efficient process for the United States Armed minutes or less, limited access to defense (3) The President should take whatever Forces to acquire defense articles previously counsel, forced confessions, and summary steps are appropriate to dissuade those who sold by the United States Government to a executions. are aiding Iran’s efforts to develop nuclear foreign government or international organi- (3) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- weapons and the means by which to deliver zation under the Arms Export Control Act, cial Representative on Human Rights, the them from continuing such assistance. section 21 of that Act is amended as follows: Government of Iran systematically represses (4) The United States should convene a spe- (k)(1) AUTHORITY—The President may ac- its Baha’i population. Persecutions of this cial summit of the world’s leading heads of cept the return of a defense article from a small religious community include assas- state to address the issue of international foreign country or international organiza- sinations, arbitrary arrests, electoral prohi- terrorism and the means for improving the tion, if such defense article: bitions, and denial of applications for docu- efforts to combat international terrorism. (A) previously was transferred to such ments such as passports. (5) The Secretary of State should promptly country or organization under this Act; and (4) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- take steps to strengthen each of the existing (B) is not significant military equipment cial Representative on Human Rights, the multilateral nonproliferation regimes to (as defined in section 47(9) of this Act; and Government of Iran suppresses opposition to make them more effective in counteracting (C) is in fully functioning condition with- its government. Political organizations such rogue regimes such as Iran. out need of repair or rehabilitation. as the Freedom Movement are banned from (6) The President should make the develop- (2) LIMITATION—The President may exer- parliamentary elections, have their tele- ment of a multilateral economic embargo on cise the authority provided in subsection (a) phones tapped and their mail opened, and are Iran a top priority on the agenda at the only to the extent that the Department of systematically harassed and intimidated. meeting of the G–7 industrial partners sched- Defense: (5) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- uled for June 1995 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. (A)(i) has a requirement for the defense ar- cial Representative on Human Rights and H.R. 1561 ticle being returned, and (ii) has available Amnesty International, the Government of OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN sufficient funds authorized and appropriated Iran has failed to recognize the importance AMENDMENT NO. 33: In Title XXXI, Chapter for such purpose, or of international human rights. This includes 6, add the following new section: (B)(i) is accepting the return of the defense suppression of Iranian human rights move- ‘‘SEC. RETURN AND EXCHANGES OF DEFENSE article for subsequent transfer to another ments such as the Freedom Movement, lack ARTICLES PREVIOUSLY TRANS- foreign government or international organi- of cooperation with international human FERRED PURSUANT TO THE ARMS zation pursuant to a Letter of Offer and Ac- rights organizations such as the Inter- EXPORT CONTROL ACT.— ceptance implemented in accordance with national Red Cross, and an overall apathy (a) For the purpose of improving proce- this Act; and (ii) has available sufficient toward human rights in general. This lack of dures among the United States Armed funds provided by or on behalf of such other H 5476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

foreign government or international organi- ‘‘SEC. 6. (a) AGREEMENTS WITH SECURITY Armed Forces from the proposed operation zation pursuant to a Letter of Offer and Ac- COUNCIL.—(1) Any special agreement de- at any time and to take any action it consid- ceptance implemented in accordance with scribed in paragraph (2) that is concluded by ers necessary to protect those forces if they this Act. the President with the Security Council are engaged. (3) CONDITION—Upon acquisition and ac- shall not be effective unless approved by the ‘‘(2) A report setting forth the following: ceptance by the United States Government Congress by law. ‘‘(A) A description of the national security of a defense article under subsection (a), the ‘‘(2) An agreement referred to in paragraph interests that require the placement of Unit- appropriate Foreign Military Sales account (1) is an agreement providing for the num- ed States forces under United Nations com- of the provider will be credited to reflect the bers and types of United States Armed mand or control. transaction. Forces, their degree of readiness and general ‘‘(B) The mission of the United States (4) RELATIONSHIP TO CERTAIN OTHER PROVI- locations, or the nature of facilities and as- forces involved. SIONS OF LAW—The authority of the Presi- sistance, including rights of passage, to be ‘‘(C) The expected size and composition of dent to accept the return of a defense article made available to the Security Council for the United States forces involved. as provided in subsection (a) is not subject to the purpose of maintaining international ‘‘(D) The incremental cost to the United chapter 137 of title 10, United States Code, or peace and security in accordance with Arti- States of participation in the United Nations any other provision relating to the conclu- cle 43 of the Charter of the United Nations. operation by the United States forces which sion of contracts. ‘‘(b) LIMITATION.—Except as provided in are proposed to be placed under United Na- (c) REGULATIONS—Under the direction of subsections (c) and (d), the President may tions command or control. the President, the Secretary of Defense shall not place any element of the Armed Forces ‘‘(E) The premise command and control re- promulgate regulations to implement the under United Nations command or control, lationship between the United States forces provisions of this section.’’ as defined in subsection (g). involved and the United Nations command H.R. 1561 ‘‘(c) EXCEPTION FOR PRESIDENTIAL CERTIFI- structure. OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN CATION.—(1) Subsection (b) shall not apply in ‘‘(F) The precise command and control re- AMENDMENT NO. 34. At the appropriate the case of a proposed placement of an ele- lationship between the United States forces place in the bill, insert the following new ment of the Armed Forces under United Na- involved and the commander of the United section: tions command or control if the President, States unified command for the region in ‘‘SEC. . REPEAL OF TERMINATION OF PROVI- not less than 15 days before the date on which those United States forces are to oper- SIONS OF THE NUCLEAR PRO- which such United Nations command or con- ate. LIFERATION PREVENTION ACT OF trol is to become effective (or as provided in ‘‘(G) The extent to which the United States 1994. paragraph (2)), meets the requirements of forces involved will rely on non-United Part D of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act subsection (e). States forces for security and self-defense of 1994 (title VIII of the Foreign Relations ‘‘(2) If the President certifies to Congress and an assessment on the ability of those Administration Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and that an emergency exists that precludes the non-United States forces to provide adequate 1995; Public Law 103–236; 108 Stat. 507) is re- President from meeting the requirements of security to the United States forces in- pealed. subsection (e) 15 days before placing an ele- volved. H.R. 1561 ment of the Armed Forces under United Na- ‘‘(H) The timetable for complete with- OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN tions command or control, the President drawal of the United States forces involved. ‘‘(f) CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT.—A report AMENDMENT NO. 35. On page 203, line 2, sec- may place such forces under such command tion 3108(b) (relating to audit of certain pri- or control and meet the requirements of sub- under subsection (e) shall be submitted in vate firms) is amended by striking the words section (e) in a timely manner, but in no unclassified form and, if necessary, in classi- ‘‘for such fiscal year’’. event later than 48 hours after such com- fied form. ‘‘(g) UNITED NATIONS COMMAND OR CON- H.R. 1561 mand or control becomes effective. ‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL EXCEPTIONS.— TROL.—For purposes of this section, an ele- OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN ‘‘(1) EXCEPTION FOR AUTHORIZATION BY ment of the Armed Forces shall be consid- AMENDMENT NO. 36. At the end of chapter 1 LAW.—Subsection (b) shall not apply in the ered to be placed under United Nations com- of title XXI (relating to Department of State case of a proposed placement of any element mand or control if— authorities and activities) insert the follow- of the Armed Forces under United Nations ‘‘(1) that element is under the command or ing new section: command or control if the Congress specifi- operational control of an individual acting SEC. 2211. REDESIGNATION OF NATIONAL FOR- cally authorizes by law that particular on behalf of the United Nations for the pur- EIGN AFFAIRS TRAINING CENTER. placement of United States forces under pose of international peacekeeping, peace- The National Foreign Affairs Training United Nations command or control. making, peace-enforcing, or similar activity Center is hereby redesignated as the ‘‘Na- ‘‘(2) EXCEPTION FOR NATO OPERATIONS.— that is authorized by the Security Council tional Center for Graduate Instruction in Subsection (b) shall not apply in the case of under chapter VI or VII of the Charter of the Language, Management, and Advanced Nego- a proposed placement of any element of the United Nations; and tiation. Armed Forces in an operation conducted by ‘‘(2) the senior military commander of the H.R. 1561 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. United Nations force or operation— OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN ‘‘(e) PRESIDENTIAL CERTIFICATIONS.—The ‘‘(A) is a foreign national or is a citizen of the United States who is not a United States AMENDMENT NO. 37. In title XXV (relating requirements referred to in subsection (c)(1) to international organizations and commis- are that the President submit to Congress military officer serving on active duty; or sions) insert the following new section at the the following: ‘‘(B) is a United States military officer end of chapter 1: ‘‘(1) Certification by the President that— serving on active duty but— ‘‘(A) such a United Nations command or ‘‘(i) that element of the Armed Forces is SEC. 2502. REPEAL OF AUTHORITY FOR PARTICI- under the command or operational control of PATION BY THE UNITED STATES IN control arrangement is necessary to protect THE INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION. national security interests of the United a subordinate commander who is a foreign The Act entitled ‘‘An Act to authorize par- States; national or a citizen of the United States ticipation by the United States in the ‘‘(B) the commander of any unit of the who is not a United States military officer Interparliamentary Union’’, approved June Armed Forces proposed for placement under serving on active duty; and 28, 1935 (22 U.S.C. 276–276a–4) is repealed. United Nations command or control will at ‘‘(ii) that senior military commander does not have the authority— H.R. 1561 all times retain the right— ‘‘(i) to report independently to superior ‘‘(I) to dismiss any subordinate officer in OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN United States military authorities; and the chain of command who is exercising AMENDMENT NO. 38. Strike section 3412 of ‘‘(ii) to decline to comply with orders command or operational control over United the bill (relating to prohibition on assistance judged by the commander to be illegal, mili- States forces and who is a foreign national to foreign governments engaged in espionage tarily imprudent, or beyond the mandate of or a citizen of the United States who is not against the United States). the mission to which the United States a United States military officer serving on H.R. 1561 agreed with the United Nations, until such active duty; OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN time as that commander receives direction ‘‘(II) to establish rules of engagement for AMENDMENT NO. 39. At the end of chapter 2 from superior United States military au- United States forces involved; and of title XXV (relating to the United Nations thorities with respect to the orders that the ‘‘(III) to establish criteria governing the and affiliated agencies and organizations), commander has declined to comply with; operational employment of United States add the following new section: ‘‘(C) any element of the Armed Forces pro- forces involved. NTERPRETATION SEC. 2525. LIMITATION ON PLACEMENT OF UNIT- posed for placement under United Nations ‘‘(h) I .—Except as author- ED STATES ARMED FORCES UNDER command or control will at all times remain ized in section 7 of this act, nothing con- FOREIGN CONTROL FOR A UNITED under United States administrative com- tained in this Act shall be construed as an NATIONS PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITY. mand for such purposes as discipline and authorization to the President by the Con- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 6 of the United evaluation; and gress to make available to the Secretary Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. ‘‘(D) the United States will retain the au- Council United States Armed Forces, facili- 287d) is amended to read as follows: thority to withdraw any element of the ties, or assistance.’’. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5477

‘‘(b) REPORT RELATING TO CONSTITUTIONAL- (2) notifies the Committee on Inter- that term in section 238(e) of the Foreign As- ITY.—No certification may be submitted by national Relations of the House of Rep- sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2198(e)). the President under section 6(e)(1) of the resentatives and the Committee on Foreign H.R. 1561 United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as Relations of the Senate of such determina- OFFERED BY: MR. HOYER amended by subsection (a), until the Presi- tion. AMENDMENT NO. 45: In title XXVI (relating (c) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section: dent has submitted to the Congress (after to foreign policy provisions) insert the fol- (1) FELONY OFFENSE.—The term ‘‘felony of- the date of the enactment of this Act) a lowing at the end of chapter 1: memorandum of legal points and authorities fense’’ means an offense punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one SEC. 2604. SELF-DE- explaining why the placement of elements of FENSE ACT. year. United States Armed Forces under the com- (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be (2) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE.—The term ‘‘for- mand or operational control of a foreign na- cited as the ‘‘Bosnia and Herzegovina Self- eign assistance’’ means any funds made tional acting on behalf of the United Nations Defense Act’’. does not violate the Constitution. available to carry out any program, project, (b) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- ‘‘(e) EXCEPTION FOR ONGOING OPERATION IN or activity funded under major functional lowing findings: MACEDONIA AND CROATIA.—Section 6 of the budget category 150 (relating to inter- (1) The Serbian aggression against Bosnia United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as national affairs), except such term does not and Herzegovina continues into its third amended by subsection (a), does not apply in include funds used to provide humanitarian year, the violence has escalated and become the case of activities of the Armed Forces as assistance. widespread, and ethnic cleansing by part of the United Nations force designated (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The prohibition con- has been renewed. as the United Nations Protection Force tained in subsection (a) applies with respect (2) It has been almost one year since the (UNPROFOR) that are carried out— to the provision of foreign assistance on or Bosnian Government unconditionally, and ‘‘(1) in Macedonia pursuant to United Na- after the date of the enactment of this Act. on time, accepted the ‘‘Contact Group’’ plan, tions Security Council Resolution 795, adopt- H.R. 1561 which the Serb forces have rejected. ed December 11, 1992, and subsequent reau- OFFERED BY: MR. HOKE (3) The United Nations has failed to pro- thorization Resolutions; or tect its declared safe havens from continuing AMENDMENT NO. 44: Page 289, add the fol- and relentless Serbian aggression, and has ‘‘(2) in Croatia pursuant to United Na- lowing after line 26 and redesignate the suc- failed to order North Atlantic Treaty Orga- tional Security Council Resolution 743, ceeding chapter accordingly: adopted February 21, 1992, and subsequent re- nization (NATO) air strikes against Serb authorization Resolutions. CHAPTER 8—OVERSEAS PRIVATE forces in retaliation for their attacks on Sa- INVESTMENT CORPORATION H.R. 1561 rajevo, despite calls from its own field com- SEC. 3275. REDUCTION IN SUBSIDY COST OF OPIC mander to do so. OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN PROGRAMS. (4) The United Nations Security Council AMENDMENT NO. 40: In section 3286 of the Section 235(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance has not considered a resolution providing for bill (in section 668 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2195(a)(2)) is amended the multilateral termination of the arms Act of 1961, as proposed to be added by such by adding at the end the following: embargo against Bosnia and Herzegovina, section 3286)— ‘‘(C) The subsidy cost of the investment which would be the preferred course of ac- (1) in subsection (a)(1) of such section 668, guaranties and direct loan programs under tion to allow that country to defend itself. strike ‘‘3 years’’ and insert ‘‘2 years’’; and subsections (b) and (c) of section 234 may not (5) The United Nations Security Council (2) in subsection (b)(1) of such section 668, exceed $45,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, and no has not taken measures necessary to main- strike ‘‘3 years’’ and insert ‘‘2 years’’. subsidy cost of such programs may be in- tain international peace and security in H.R. 1561 curred after September 30, 1996.’’. Bosnia and Herzegovina since the aggression SEC. 3276. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON PRIVATIZA- against that country began in April 1992. OFFERED BY: MR. HASTINGS OF FLORIDA TION. (6) For the reasons stated in section 520 of AMENDMENT NO. 41: On page 264, line 14, The Overseas Private Investment Corpora- the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, strike ‘‘$629,214,000’’ and insert in lieu there- tion shall conduct and, not later than 180 Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103– of ‘‘$802,000,000’’. days after the date of the enactment of this 236), the Congress has found that continued H.R. 1561 Act, report to the Congress on the feasibility application of an international arms embar- go to the Government of Bosnia and OFFERED BY: MR. HASTINGS OF FLORIDA of privatizing the noncredit activities of the Corporation. Herzegovina contravenes that Government’s AMENDMENT NO. 42: At the end of the bill inherent right of individual or collective add the following new title: SEC. 3277. PRIVATIZATION OF NONCREDIT AC- TIVITIES. self-defense under Article 51 of the United TITLE XXXVI—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS The Overseas Private Investment Corpora- Nations Charter, and therefore is inconsist- SEC. 3601. ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION FOR tion shall take the necessary steps so that, ent with international law. THE DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AF- by not later than 1 year after the report on (c) STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.—The Congress RICA. the feasibility study is made under section supports the efforts of the Government of Notwithstanding section 3221(a)(2) of this 3276, all the evidences of ownership of the the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina— (1) to defend its people and the territory of Act, $802,000,000 is authorized to be appro- Corporation with respect to the noncredit the Republic; priated for each of the fiscal years 1996 and activities of the Corporation, have been sold (2) to preserve the sovereignty, independ- 1997 to carry out chapter 10 of part I of the in the private market, whether through the ence, and territorial integrity of the Repub- Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 sale of the Corporation’s stock, contracts, lic; and et seq.). leases, or other agreements or rights, or oth- (3) to bring about a peaceful, just, fair, via- H.R. 1561 erwise. ble, and sustainable settlement of the con- OFFERED BY: MR. HOKE SEC. 3278. REPEAL. flict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. AMENDMENT NO. 43: At the end of chapter 2 Effective on the date that is 1 year after (d) TERMINATION OF ARMS EMBARGO.— of title XXXIV of division C (relating to spe- the report on the feasibility study is made (1) TERMINATION.—The President shall ter- cial authorities and other provisions), add under section 3276, title IV of chapter 2 of minate the United States arms embargo of the following new section: part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is repealed, and any reference in any other SEC. 3420. PROHIBITION ON FOREIGN ASSIST- upon receipt from that Government of a re- ANCE TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS law to the Overseas Private Investment Cor- quest for assistance in exercising its right of NOT IMPLEMENTING EXTRADITION poration shall cease to be effective. self-defense under Article 51 of the United TREATIES. SEC. 3279. ADMINISTRATION OF EXISTING CON- States Charter. (a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in TRACTS. (2) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the subsection (b), the President may not pro- The Export-Import Bank of the United term ‘‘United States arms embargo of the vide foreign assistance to the government of States shall, beginning October 1, 1996, exer- Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina’’ a country that is not effectively implement- cise the functions of the Overseas Private In- means the application to the Government of ing a treaty entered into by such country vestment Corporation immediately before Bosnia and Herzegovina of— with the United States relating to the extra- that date, only for purposes of administering (A) the policy adopted July 10, 1991, and dition of individuals who have been charged guaranties and loans issued by the Overseas published in the Federal Register of July 19, with or who have committed felony offenses. Private Investment Corporation before that 1991 (58 F.R. 33322) under the heading ‘‘Sus- (b) EXCEPTION.—The President may provide date which are effective on such date, and for pension of Munitions Export Licensees to foreign assistance to the government of a purposes of determining any claim pending Yugoslavia’’; and country that would otherwise be prohibited on such date or brought after such date with (B) any similar policy applied by the Unit- from receiving such assistance under sub- respect to any guaranty or loan issued by the ed States Government as of the date of re- section (a) if the President— Corporation. ceipt of the request described in paragraph (1) determines that the provision of such SEC. 3280. DEFINITION. (1) pursuant to which approval is denied for assistance is in the national security inter- As used in this chapter, the term transfers of defense articles and defense serv- est of the United States; and ‘‘noncredit activities’’ has the meaning given ices to the former Yugoslavia. H 5478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995

(3) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this for reform of war powers resolution) and in- H.R. 1561 section shall be interpreted as authorization sert the following new section: OFFERED BY: MR. KANJORSKI for deployment of United States forces in the AMENDMENT NO. 48: In section 2106(10) of territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina for any SEC. 2707. REPEAL OF WAR POWERS RESOLU- Title XXI (relating to authorization of ap- TION. purpose, including training, support, or de- propriations to the National Endowment for livery of military equipment. (a) REPEAL.— Democracy), strike lines 10–13. H.R. 1561 (1) IN GENERAL.—THE WAR POWERS RESOLU- H.R. 1561 OFFERED BY: MR. HYDE TION (PUBLIC LAW 93–148; 50 U.S.C. 1541 ET SEQ.) OFFERED BY: MR. KING IS REPEALED. AMENDMENT NO. 46: Strike section 2707 (re- AMENDMENT NO. 49: Page 196, after line 13, lating to recommendations of the President (2) CONFORMING REPEAL.—Section 1013 of insert the following section: for reform of war powers resolution) and in- the Department of State Authorization Act, SEC. 2712. POLICY TOWARD IRAN. sert the following new section: Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a) is (a) IRAN’S ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL TERROR- SEC. 2707. REPEAL OF WAR POWERS RESOLU- repealed. ISM.—The Congress makes the following find- TION. (b) CONSULTATION WITH CONGRESS.— ings with respect to Iran’s acts of inter- (a) REPEAL.— (1) PRIOR CONSULTATION.—The President national terrorism: (1) IN GENERAL.—The War Powers Resolu- (1) As cited by the Department of State, tion (Public Law 93–148; 50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.) shall in every possible instance consult with the Government of Iran was the greatest is repealed. Congress before introducing United States supporter of state terrorism in 1992, support- (2) CONFORMING REPEAL.—Section 1013 of Armed Forces into hostilities or into situa- ing over 20 terrorist acts, including the the Department of State Authorization Act, tions where imminent involvement in hos- bombing of the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a) is tilities is clearly indicated by the cir- Aires that killed 29 people. repealed. cumstances. (2) As cited by the Department of State, (b) CONSULTATION WITH CONGRESS.— (2) CONSULTATION AFTER INTRODUCTION OF the Government of Iran is a sponsor of radi- (1) PRIOR CONSULTATION.—The President ARMED FORCES.—The President shall, after cal religious groups that have used terrorism shall in every possible instance consult with every such introduction, consult regularly as a tool. These include such groups as Congress before introducing United States with Congress until United States Armed Hezballah, HAMAS, the Turkish Islamic Armed Forces into hostilities or into situa- Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or Jihad, and the Popular Front for the Libera- tions where imminent involvement in hos- have been removed from such situations. tion of Palestine-General Command (PFLP– tilities is clearly indicated by the cir- (c) REPORTING TO CONGRESS.— GC). cumstances. (1) INITIAL REPORT.— (3) As cited by the Department of State, (2) CONSULTATION AFTER INTRODUCTION OF (A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph the Government of Iran has resorted to ARMED FORCES.—The President shall, after international terrorism as a means of ob- every such introduction, consult regularly (B), the President shall, in the absence of a taining political gain. These actions have in- with Congress until United States Armed declaration of war, submit a report to Con- cluded not only the assassination of former Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or gress in any case in which United States Prime Minister Bakhitiar, but the death sen- have been removed from such situations. Armed Forces are introduced— (c) REPORTING TO CONGRESS.— (i) into hostilities or into a situation where tence imposed on Salman Rushdie, and the (1) INITIAL REPORT.—The President shall, in imminent involvement in hostilities is clear- assassination of the leader of the Kurdish the absence of a declaration of war, submit a ly indicated by the circumstances; Democratic Party of Iran. report to Congress in any case in which Unit- (ii) into the territory, airspace, or waters (4) As cited by the Department of State ed States Armed Forces are introduced— of a foreign nation, while equipped for com- and the Vice President’s Task Force on Com- (A) into hostilities or into a situation bat, except for a deployment which relates bating Terrorism, the Government of Iran where imminent involvement in hostilities is solely to supply, replacement, repair, or has long been a proponent of terrorist ac- clearly indicated by the circumstances; training of such forces; or tions against the United States, beginning with the takeover of the United States Em- (B) into the territory, airspace, or waters (iii) in numbers which substantially en- bassy in Tehran in 1979. Iranian support of of a foreign nation, while equipped for com- large United States Armed Forces equipped extremist groups has led to the following at- bat, except for a deployment which relates for combat already located in a foreign na- tacks upon the United States as well: solely to supply, replacement, repair, or tion. (A) The car bomb attack on the United training of such forces; or (B) EXCEPTION.—The requirement that the States Embassy in Beirut killing 49 in 1983 (C) in numbers which substantially enlarge President submit a report to Congress in ac- by the Hezballah. United States Armed Forces equipped for cordance with subparagraph (A) shall not (B) The car bomb attack on the United combat already located in a foreign nation. apply if the President determines that to States Marine Barracks in Beirut killing 241 (2) TIME AND CONTENT OF REPORT.—A report submit such a report would jeopardize the in 1983 by the Hezballah. under paragraph (1) shall be submitted with- operational success of United States Armed (C) The assassination of American Univer- in 48 hours of the introduction of United Forces in a situation described in clause (i), sity President in 1984 by the Hezballah. States Armed Forces described in that para- (ii), or (iii) of such subparagraph. (D) The kidnapping of all American hos- graph. Each such report shall be in writing (2) TIME AND CONTENT OF REPORT.—A report tages in Lebanon from 1984–86 by the and shall set forth— under paragraph (1) shall be submitted with- Hezballah. (A) the circumstances necessitating the in- in 48 hours of the introduction of United (5) The Government of Iran provides sev- troduction of United States Armed Forces; States Armed Forces described in that para- eral hundred million dollars annually in fi- (B) the constitutional and legislative au- graph. Each such report shall be in writing nancial and logistical support to organiza- thority under which such introduction took and shall set forth— tions that use terrorism and violence as a place; and (A) the circumstances necessitating the in- tool to undermine the Middle East peace (C) the estimated scope and duration of the troduction of United States Armed Forces; process. hostilities or involvement. (B) the constitutional and legislative au- (6) The Government of Iran provides finan- (3) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.—The Presi- thority under which such introduction took cial, political, and logistical support and safe dent shall provide such other information as place; and haven to groups that seek the violent over- Congress may request in the fulfillment of (C) the estimated scope and duration of the throw of secular governments in the Middle its constitutional responsibilities with re- hostilities or involvement. East and North Africa. spect to committing the Nation to war and (3) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.—The Presi- (b) IRAN’S PROGRAM TO ACQUIRE WEAPONS to the use of United States Armed Forces dent shall provide such other information as OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND THE MEANS BY abroad. Congress may request in the fulfillment of WHICH TO DELIVER THEM.—The Congress (4) PERIODIC REPORTS.—Whenever United its constitutional responsibilities with re- makes the following findings with respect to States Armed Forces are introduced into spect to committing the Nation to war and Iran’s program to acquire weapons of mass hostilities or into any situation described in to the use of United States Armed Forces destruction and the means by which to de- paragraph (1), the President shall, so long as abroad. liver them— such Armed Forces continue to be engaged in (4) PERIODIC REPORTS.—Whenever United (1) the Government of Iran has intensified such hostilities or situation, report to Con- States Armed Forces are introduced into its efforts to develop weapons of mass de- gress periodically (and not less often than hostilities or into any situation described in struction and the means by which to deliver once every six months) on the status of such paragraph (1), the President shall, consistent them; hostilities or situation as well as on the with the constitutional responsibilities of (2) given Iran’s petroleum reserves, the de- scope and duration of such hostilities or sit- the President and so long as such Armed sire of the Government of Iran to obtain gas uation. Forces continue to be engaged in such hos- centrifuge equipment and light water nu- H.R. 1561 tilities or situation, report to Congress peri- clear power reactors clearly demonstrates OFFERED BY: MR. HYDE odically on the status of such hostilities or what had already been apparent, that Iran AMENDMENT NO. 47: Strike section 2707 (re- situation as well as on the scope and dura- seeks to develop its nuclear weapons capabil- lating to recommendations of the President tion of such hostilities or situation. ity; and May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5479

(3) Iran has been relentless in its attempt export or reexport to Iran of weapons or of (b) SANCTIONS.— to acquire the missiles needed to deliver nu- goods or technology with potential military (1) DESCRIPTION OF SANCTIONS.—The sanc- clear and chemical weapons. uses; voting against all loans to Iran by tions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (c) IRAN’S VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS.— international financial institutions; and, (a)(1) are, except as provided in paragraph (2) The Congress makes the following findings most recently, imposing a total economic of this subsection, as follows: with respect to Iran’s violations of human embargo on Iran. (A) PROCUREMENT SANCTION.—The United rights: (4) To further increase the cost to the Gov- States Government shall not procure, or (1) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- ernment of Iran of its objectionable conduct enter into any contract for the procurement cial Representative on Human Rights, Am- the United States has urged other countries of, any goods or services from any person de- nesty International, and the United States with economic ties to Iran to take equiva- scribed in subsection (a)(2). Department of State, the Government of lent steps to isolate Iran economically and (B) EXPORT SANCTION.—The United States Iran has conducted assassinations outside of diplomatically. Government shall not issue any license for Iran, such as that of former Prime Minister (e) CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATIONS.—The any export by or to any person described in Shahpour Bakhitiar for which the Govern- Congress makes the following declarations: subsection (a)(2). ment of France issued arrest warrants for (1) The imposition of an economic embargo (C) IMPORT SANCTION.—The importation several Iranian governmental officials. on Iran by President Clinton was an impor- into the United States of any good or service (2) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- tant and necessary measure to increase eco- from, or produced (in whole or in part) by, cial Representative on Human Rights and by nomic and political pressure on Iran. any person described in subsection (a)(2) is Amnesty International, the Government of (2) The President should, as a matter of the prohibited. Iran has conducted revolutionary trials highest priority, intensify efforts to per- (2) EXCEPTIONS.—The President shall not which do not meet internationally recog- suade Iran’s leading trade partners and be required to apply or maintain the sanc- nized standards of fairness or justice. These creditors to join with the United States in tions under this section— trials have included such violations as a lack ceasing all trade with Iran and ending any (A) in the case of procurement of defense of procedural safeguards, trial times of 5 rescheduling or other relaxation of debts articles or defense services— minutes or less, limited access to defense owed to them. (i) under existing contracts or sub- counsel, forced confessions, and summary (3) The President should take whatever contracts, including the exercise of options executions. steps are appropriate to dissuade those who for production quantities to satisfy require- (3) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- are aiding Iran’s efforts to develop nuclear ments essential to the national security of cial Representative on Human Rights, the weapons and the means by which to deliver the United States; Government of Iran systematically represses them from continuing such assistance. (ii) if the President determines in writing its Baha’i population. Persecutions of this (4) The United States should convene a spe- that the person or other entity to which the small religious community include assas- cial summit of the world’s leading heads of sanction would otherwise be applied is a sole sinations, arbitrary arrests, electoral prohi- state to address the issue of international source supplier of the defense articles or bitions, and denial of applications for docu- terrorism and the means for improving the services, that the defense articles or services ments such as passports. efforts to combat international terrorism. are essential, and that alternative sources (4) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- (5) The Secretary of State should promptly are not readily or reasonably available; or cial Representative on Human Rights, the take steps to strengthen each of the existing (iii) if the President determines in writing Government of Iran suppresses opposition to multilateral nonproliferation regimes to that such articles or services are essential to its government. Political organizations such make them more effective in counteracting as the Freedom Movement are banned from the national security under defense rogue regimes such as Iran. parliamentary elections, have their tele- coproduction agreements; phones tapped and their mail opened, and are (6) The President should make the develop- (B) to products or services provided under systematically harassed and intimidated. ment of a multilateral economic embargo on contracts entered into before the date on (5) As cited by the 1991 United Nations Spe- Iran a top priority on the agenda at the which the President publishes his intention cial Representative on Human Rights and meeting of the G–7 industrial partners sched- to impose the sanction; Amnesty International, the Government of uled for June 1995 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. (C) to— Iran has failed to recognize the importance H.R. 1561 (i) spare parts which are essential to Unit- ed States products or production; of international human rights. This includes OFFERED BY: MR. KING suppression of Iranian human rights move- (ii) component parts, but not finished prod- AMENDMENT NO. 50: At the end of the bill, ucts, essential to United States products or ments such as the Freedom Movement, lack add the following: of cooperation with international human production; or DIVISION D—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS rights organizations such as the Inter- (iii) routine servicing and maintenance of national Red Cross, and an overall apathy TITLE XLI—IRAN FOREIGN SANCTIONS products, to the extent that alternative toward human rights in general. This lack of ACT OF 1995 sources are not readily or reasonably avail- concern prompted the Special Representa- SEC. 4001. SHORT TITLE. able; tive to state in his report that Iran had made This title may be cited as the ‘‘Iran For- (D) to information and technology essen- ‘‘no appreciable progress towards improved eign Sanctions Act of 1995’’. tial to United States products or production; or compliance with human rights in accordance SEC. 4002. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS ON PER- with the current international instruments’’. SONS ENGAGING IN TRADE WITH (E) to medical or other humanitarian (6) As cited by Amnesty International, the IRAN. items. Government of Iran continues to torture its (a) DETERMINATION BY THE PRESIDENT.— (c) SUPERSEDES EXISTING LAW.—The provi- political prisoners. Torture methods include (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall im- sions of this section supersede the provisions burns, arbitrary blows, severe beatings, and pose the sanctions described in subsection (b) of section 1604 of the Iran-Iraq Arms Non- positions inducing pain. if the President determines in writing that, Proliferation Act of 1992 (as contained in (d) UNITED STATES POLICY AND RESPONSE.— on or after the date of enactment of this Act, Public Law 102–484) as such section applies to The Congress makes the following findings a foreign person has, with requisite knowl- Iran. with respect to United States policy and re- edge, engaged in trade with Iran in any SEC. 4003. WAIVER AUTHORITY. sponse to Iran: goods or technology (as defined in section 16 The provisions of section 4002 shall not (1) The actions by the Government of Iran of the Export Administration Act of 1979). apply if the President determines and cer- identified in subsections (a), (b), and (c) (2) PERSONS AGAINST WHICH THE SANCTIONS tifies to the appropriate congressional com- threaten the national security and offend the ARE TO BE IMPOSED.—The sanctions shall be mittees that Iran— democratic values of the United States and imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on— (1) has substantially improved its adher- many other nations in the Middle East and (A) the foreign person with respect to ence to internationally recognized standards elsewhere. which the President makes the determina- of human rights; (2) In response to this record of violent, de- tion described in that paragraph; (2) has ceased its efforts to acquire a nu- stabilizing, and antidemocratic conduct, it (B) any successor entity to that foreign clear explosive device; and has been the policy of the United States to person; (3) has ceased support for acts of inter- seek to isolate the Government of Iran dip- (C) any foreign person that is a parent or national terrorism. lomatically and economically, thereby mak- subsidiary of that person if that parent or SEC. 4004. REPORT REQUIRED. ing the continuation of such conduct in- subsidiary with requisite knowledge engaged Beginning 60 days after the date of enact- creasingly costly. in the activities which were the basis of that ment of this Act, and every 90 days there- (3) The policies the United States has pur- determination; and after, the President shall transmit to the ap- sued in an effort to pressure the Government (D) any foreign person that is an affiliate propriate congressional committees a report of Iran diplomatically and economically of that person if that affiliate with requisite describing— have included refusing to conduct normal knowledge engaged in the activities which (1) the nuclear and other military capabili- diplomatic relations with Iran; barring the were the basis of that determination and if ties of Iran; and importation of Iranian oil and other prod- that affiliate is controlled in fact by that (2) the support, if any, provided by Iran for ucts into the United States; prohibiting the person. acts of international terrorism. H 5480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 SEC. 4005. DEFINITIONS. H.R. 1561 S. Muskie Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Inter- As used in this title: OFFERED BY: MR. KLUG national Visitors Program’’, ‘‘Mike Mans- (1) ACT OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM.—The AMENDMENT NO. 52: In section 2106(4)(A) field Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Claude and Mil- term ‘‘act of international terrorism’’ means (relating to authorizations of appropriations dred Pepper Scholarship Program of the an act— for international broadcasting activities) Washington Workshops Foundation’’, ‘‘Citi- (A) which is violent or dangerous to human strike ‘‘$321,191,000 for the fiscal year 1996, zen Exchange Programs’’, ‘‘Congress-Bundes- life and that is a violation of the criminal and $286,191,000 for the fiscal year 1997’’ and tag Exchange Program’’, ‘‘Newly Independ- laws of the United States or of any State or insert ‘‘$159,095,500 for the fiscal year 1996, ent States and Eastern Europe Training’’, that would be a criminal violation if com- and $3,000,000 for the fiscal year 1997’’. ‘‘Institute for Representative Government’’, mitted within the jurisdiction of the United H.R. 1561 and ‘‘Arts America’’, $43,670,700 for the fiscal States or any State; and year 1996 and $43,670,700 for the fiscal year (B) which appears to be intended— OFFERED BY: MR. LIPINSKI 1997. AMENDMENT NO. 53: At the end of title (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian popu- H.R. 1561 lation; XXVII (relating to congressional statements) (ii) to influence the policy of a government insert the following new section: OFFERED BY: MR. MICA by intimidation or coercion; or SEC. 2712. FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON AMENDMENT NO. 56: At the end of chapter 3 (iii) to affect the conduct of a government WOMEN IN BEIJING. of title XXXII (relating development assist- by assassination or kidnapping. It is the sense of the Congress that— ance), add the following new subchapter: (2) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- (1) the Fourth World Conference on Women Subchapter C—Personnel of Agency for TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional in Beijing, China, should promote an authen- International Development tic women’s perspective on issues of equal- committees’’ means the Committees on SEC. 3236. LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF PERSON- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs and ity, peace, and development; and NEL. Foreign Relations of the Senate and the (2) if the United States sends a delegation On and after September 30, 1996, the num- Committees on Banking and Financial Serv- to the Conference, the delegation should— ber of individuals authorized to be employed ices and International Relations of the (A) in accordance with the United Nations by the Agency for International Develop- House of Representatives. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, en- ment (excluding temporary and intermittent (3) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign sure that ‘‘motherhood [is] entitled to spe- employees), as determined on a full time person’’ means— cial care and assistance.’’; equivalent basis, and the number of individ- (A) an individual who is not a United (B) in accordance with the Universal Dec- uals serving with such Agency under a per- States national or an alien admitted for per- laration of Human Rights, uphold the family sonal service contract, shall not exceed 6,302. manent residence to the United States; or as ‘‘the natural and fundamental group unit H.R. 1561 (B) a corporation, partnership, or other of society’’ and therefore ‘‘entitled to protec- nongovernment entity which is not a United tion by society and the state’’; OFFERED BY: MR. OBEY States national. (C) oppose female feticide; AMENDMENT NO. 57: In section 2104(a)(1)(A) (4) IRAN.—The term ‘‘Iran’’ includes any (D) define gender as the existence of (relating to authorizations of appropriations agency or instrumentality of Iran. woman and man as the two sexes and ac- for migration and refugee assistance) strike (5) NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICE.—The term knowledge that the roles of women and men ‘‘$560,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$590,000,000’’. ‘‘nuclear explosive device’’ means any de- in society are not necessarily linked with In section 2104 strike subsection (a)(4), sub- vice, whether assembled or disassembled, their sex; and section (b), and subsection (d). that is designed to produce an instantaneous (E) in accordance with the United Nations In section 2104 redesignate subsection (c) release of an amount of nuclear energy from Declaration of Human Rights uphold ‘‘the as subsection (b). special nuclear material that is greater than right to freedom of conscience’’, particularly H.R. 1561 with regard to the provision of health serv- the amount of energy that would be released OFFERED BY: MR. REED from the detonation of one pound of trinitro- ices. AMENDMENT NO. 58: Strike section 3142 (re- toluene (TNT). H.R. 1561 lating to international military education (6) REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE.—The term ‘‘req- OFFERED BY: MR. LIVINGSTON and training assistance for Indonesia), and uisite knowledge’’ means situations in which AMENDMENT NO. 54: On page 265, line 22, insert the following new section: a person ‘‘knows’’, as ‘‘knowing’’ is defined strike ‘‘shall’’ and insert ‘‘should’’; in section 104 of the Foreign Corrupt Prac- SEC. 3142. TERMINATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR IN- On page 266, line 6, strike ‘‘shall’’ and in- DONESIA. tices Act of 1977 (15 U.S.C. 78dd–2). sert ‘‘should’’; Funds made available for fiscal years 1996 (7) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each On page 267, line 19, strike ‘‘shall’’ and in- and 1997 to carry out chapter 5 of part II of of the several States, the District of Colum- sert ‘‘should’’; and bia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the On page 268, line 2, strike ‘‘shall’’ and in- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Is- sert ‘‘should’’. 2347 et seq.) may not be obligated for Indo- nesia. lands, American Samoa, Guam, the United H.R. 1561 H.R. 1561 States Virgin Islands, and any other terri- OFFERED BY: MR. MANZULLO tory or possession of the United States. OFFERED BY: MR. ROEMER AMENDMENT NO. 55: Strike section 2106(3) (8) UNITED STATES.—The term ‘‘United (relating to authorizations of appropriations AMENDMENT NO. 59: At the end of title States’’ means the several States, the Dis- for United States educational and cultural XXVII of division B (relating to congres- trict of Columbia, the Commonwealth of exchange programs) and insert the following: sional statements), add the following new Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the (3) EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE section: Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, PROGRAMS.— SEC. 2712. CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA. Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and (A) FULBRIGHT ACADEMIC EXCHANGE PRO- (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the fol- any other territory or possession of the Unit- GRAMS.—For the ‘‘Fulbright Academic Ex- lowing: ed States. change Programs’’, $117,484,200 for the fiscal (1) Russian troops advanced into Chechnya (9) UNITED STATES NATIONAL.—The term year 1996 and $ 113,680,800 for the fiscal year on December 10, 1994, and were met with ‘‘United States national’’ means— 1997. strong resistance from Chechen rebels who (A) a natural person who is a citizen of the (B) SOUTH PACIFIC EXCHANGES.—For the have now moved to the Caucasus mountains United States or who owes permanent alle- ‘‘South Pacific Exchanges’’, $450,000 for the where they are engaging in what even the giance to the United States; fiscal year 1996 and $450,000 for the fiscal most optimistic Russian military officers (B) a corporation or other legal entity year 1997. predict will be a drawn-out guerrilla war. which is organized under the laws of the (C) EAST TIMORESE SCHOLARSHIPS.—For the (2) The cost of the Chechen battle is esti- United States, any State or territory there- ‘‘East Timorese Scholarships’’, $400,000 for mated to cost the Government of Russia at of, or the District of Columbia, if natural the fiscal year 1996 and $400,000 for the fiscal least $2,000,000,000 and will further exacer- persons who are nationals of the United year 1997. bate the budget deficit of the Government of States own, directly or indirectly, more than (D) CAMBODIAN SCHOLARSHIPS.—For the Russia. 50 percent of the outstanding capital stock ‘‘Cambodian Scholarships’’, $70,500 for the (3) The budget implications of the Chechen or other beneficial interest in such legal en- fiscal year 1996 and $70,500 for the fiscal year battle may compel the International Mone- tity; and 1997. tary Fund, in which the United States is the (C) any foreign subsidiary of a corporation (E) TIBETAN EXCHANGES.—For the ‘‘Edu- largest shareholder, to abandon its efforts to or other legal entity described in subpara- cational and Cultural Exchanges with Tibet’’ assist Russia in transforming itself into a graph (B). under section 236 of the Foreign Relations free market economy. H.R. 1561 Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (4) The United States has approved over OFFERED BY: MR. KLUG (Public Law 103–236), $250,000 for the fiscal $2,400,000,000 in loan guarantees through the AMENDMENT NO. 51: In section 2106 strike year 1996 and $250,000 for the fiscal year 1997. Export-Import Bank of the United States paragraph (5) (relating to authorizations of (F) OTHER PROGRAMS.—For ‘‘Hubert H. and the Overseas Private Investment Cor- appropriations for radio construction). Humphrey Fellowship Program’’, ‘‘Edmund poration. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5481 (5) The United States has provided Russia H.R. 1561 SEC. 3194. ANNUAL MILITARY ASSISTANCE RE- PORT. with significant direct assistance to promote OFFERED BY: MR. ROTH The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is a free market economy, support democracy, AMENDMENT NO. 62: At the end of section amended by inserting after section 654 (22 meet humanitarian needs, and dismantle nu- 501 (relating to reorganization authority) in- U.S.C. 2414) the following new section: clear weapons. sert the following new subsection: (b) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The Congress ‘‘SEC. 657. ANNUAL REPORT ON MILITARY ASSIST- (c) REDUCTION IN EXPENDITURES.—A reorga- ANCE AND MILITARY EXPORTS. declares the following: nization plan pursuant to any title of this di- ‘‘Not later than February 1 of each year, (1) United States investment in Russia has vision shall provide for a one-third reduction the President shall transmit to the Congress been significant in promoting democracy and for the first full fiscal year after implemen- an annual report for the fiscal year ending stabilizing the economy of Russia and this tation of such plan in the total level of ex- the previous September 30, showing the ag- progress is imperiled and undermined by penditures for the functions transferred to gregate dollar value and quantity of defense Russia’s continued war with Chechnya. the Department of State from amounts ap- articles (including excess defense articles) (2) President Yeltsin has refused to nego- propriated for such transferred functions for and defense services, and of military edu- tiate an end to this crisis and this action il- fiscal year 1995. lustrates an indifference to the economic im- cation and training, furnished by the United H.R. 1561 plications the Chechen war would bring to States to each foreign country and inter- bear on the ability of Russia to fulfill its OFFERED BY: MR. ROTH national organization, by category, specify- commitments to the International Monetary AMENDMENT NO. 63: Add a new Section 2604 ing whether they were furnished by grant Fund, the Export-Import Bank of the United as follows: under chapter 2 or chapter 5 of part II of this States, and the Overseas Private Investment ‘‘The Secretary shall assess the impact of Act, by sale under chapter 2 of the Arms Ex- Corporation. the foreign policy of the United States on port Control Act, by commercial sale li- (3) The involvement of Russia in Chechnya the ability of United States entities engaged censed under section 38 of that Act, or by shows an alarming disregard for abiding by in the manufacture, sale, distribution, or any other authority.’’. the principles of economic cooperation con- provision of goods or services to compete in H.R. 1561 foreign markets. The Secretary shall provide tained in the Partnership for Economic OFFERED BY: MRS. SCHROEDER Progress that were agreed upon in Septem- such assessments annually to the Committee AMENDMENT NO. 67: Strike section 2252 (re- ber 1994 during the United States-Russia on International Relations of the House of lating to persecution for resistance to coer- Washington Summit. Representatives and the Committee on For- cive population control methods). (4) In further contacts with President eign Relations of the Senate and shall pub- Yeltsin, it is imperative that President Clin- lish such assessments in the Federal Reg- H.R. 1561 ton request an immediate end to the war in ister.’’ OFFERED BY: MRS. SCHROEDER Chechnya. H.R. 1561 AMENDMENT NO. 68: In subsection (b) of sec- H.R. 1561 OFFERED BY: MR. SANDERS tion 3104 (relating to assistance for Egypt OFFERED BY: MR. ROEMER AMENDMENT NO. 64: Add the following at under the Foreign Military Financing pro- gram), strike ‘‘The assistance’’ and insert AMENDMENT NO. 60: In paragraph (3) of sec- the end of Division A: ‘‘(1) The assistance’’ and add at the end of tion 3221(a) (relating to authorization of ap- TITLE VI—OVERSEAS PRIVATE such subsection (b) the following new para- propriations for development assistance for INVESTMENT CORPORATION the independent states of the former Soviet graph: SEC. 601. ABOLITION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE IN- (2)(A) Such assistance may be provided for Union), strike ‘‘$643,000,000’’ and insert VESTMENT CORPORATION. Egypt only if the President determines that ‘‘$578,000,000’’ and strike ‘‘$650,000,000’’ and (a) ABOLITION.—The Overseas Private In- the Government of Egypt does not officially insert ‘‘$585,000,000’’. vestment Corporation is abolished, effective sanction the practice of female genital muti- H.R. 1561 October 1, 1995. lation. OFFERED BY: MR. ROHRABACHER (b) ADMINISTRATION OF EXISTING OBLIGA- (B) For purposes of this paragraph, the AMENDMENT NO. 61: At the end of title TIONS.—The Secretary of State shall carry term ‘‘female genital mutilation’’ means— XXXIII (relating to regional provisions), add out the functions performed on September (i) the partial or total removal of the clito the following new sections: 30, 1995, by the Overseas Private Investment ris; Corporation only for purposes of administer- SEC. 3314. ASSISTANCE FOR LAOS. (ii) the removal of the entire clitoris and (a) It is the sense of Congress that— ing insurance, reinsurance, financing, and the cutting of the labia minora; or (1) a permanent waiver on the prohibition other contracts or agreements issued or en- (iii) the removal of all external genitalia of foreign assistance for Laos should be tered into by the Corporation that are effec- and the stitching together of the two sides of granted following the fullest possible ac- tive on October 1, 1995. Such functions shall the vulva. counting of all outstanding POW/MIA cases terminate when all such insurance, reinsur- In subsection (b) of section 3203 (relating to involving Laos; ance, financing, and other contracts or assistance for Egypt under the economic sup- (2) the United States should continue to agreements expire. port fund), strike ‘‘REQUIREMENT.—’’ and in- (c) TERMINATION OF PROVISIONS.—Title IV improve its relationship with Laos as the sert ‘‘REQUIREMENTS.—’’, strike ‘‘In exercis- mutual cooperation between the two coun- of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assist- ing’’ and insert ‘‘(1) In exercising’’, and add tries on POW/MIA issues improves; ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 and following) at the end the following new paragraph: (3) no Lao citizen or government official shall cease to be effective on October 1, 1995, (2)(A) The assistance provided for Egypt should be held accountable by the United except that such title shall continue in effect for each fiscal year under subsection (a) may States for activities involved in holding with respect to the functions performed by be provided only if the President determines America POW/MIAs if those citizens or offi- the Secretary of State under subsection (b). that the Government of Egypt does not offi- cials cooperate with efforts to return such (d) TERMINATION OF AFFAIRS.—The Director cially sanction the practice of female genital POW/MIAs alive or to otherwise account for of the Office of Management and Budget mutilation. such POW/MIAs; shall take the necessary steps to terminate (B) For purposes of this paragraph, the (4) the future relationship of the United the affairs of the Overseas Private Invest- term ‘‘female genital mutilation’’ means— States with Laos should be characterized by ment Corporation. (i) the partial or total removal of the clito economic cooperation and friendly diplo- H.R. 1561 ris; matic ties; OFFERED BY: MR. SAWYER (ii) the removal of the entire clitoris and (5) such bilateral relationship will improve AMENDMENT NO. 65: At the end of title the cutting of the labia minora; or as respect for human rights in Laos im- XXVII (relating to congressional statements) (iii) the removal of all external genitalia proves, including human rights for Hmong insert the following new section: and the stitching together of the two sides of people; and the vulva. (6) in the event an American POW/MIA is SEC. 2712. UNITED STATES DELEGATION TO THE FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON H.R. 1561 returned alive from Laos, the United States WOMEN IN BEIJING. OFFERED BY: MR. SMITH OF NEW JERSEY should view this action as a positive develop- It is the sense of the Congress that the AMENDMENT NO. 69: In section 2102(b)(2)(C) ment and as strong incentive for the United United States delegation to the Fourth (relating to voluntary contributions for the States to rapidly improve our economic and World Conference on Women should include diplomatic relationship with Laos. at least one representative of a United war crimes tribunal for the former Yugo- slavia)— (b) Notwithstanding section 620 of the For- States-based nongovernmental organization (1) in the heading strike ‘‘FOR THE FORMER eign Assistance Act of 1961 and any other representing Tibetan women. provision of law, foreign assistance may be YUGOSLAVIA’’; provided for Laos for fiscal years 1996 and H.R. 1561 (2) strike ‘‘budget for the tribunal’’ and in- 1997 only if the President determines and OFFERED BY: MR. SAWYER sert ‘‘combined budgets for the tribunals’’; certifies to the Congress that the Govern- AMENDMENT NO. 66: At the end of chapter 6 and ment of Laos is fully cooperating with the of title XXXI (relating to other provisions of (3) after ‘‘Yugoslavia’’ insert ‘‘and the United States on all outstanding POW/MIA defense and security assistance), add the fol- United Nations International Criminal Tri- cases involving Laos. lowing new section: bunal for Rwanda’’. H 5482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 23, 1995 H.R. 1561 years 1996 and 1997 under this division or any (1) For purposes of this section, the term OFFERED BY: MR. SOLOMON amendment made by this division (except for ‘‘Vietnam POW/MIA’’ means an individual— chapters 3 and 4 of title XXXI and for chap- (A) who is a member of a uniformed service AMENDMENT NO. 70: In section 2201, add the ters 6 and 7 of title XXXII) is hereby reduced (within the meaning of section 101(3) of title following at the end: by 5 percent. 37, United States Code) in a missing status (c) USE OF EARNINGS FROM FROZEN ASSETS (as defined in section 551(2) of such title) as FOR PROGRAM.— H.R. 1561 a result of the Vietnam conflict, unless it is (1) AMOUNTS TO BE MADE AVAILABLE.—Up to OFFERED BY: MR. TRAFICANT 2 percent of the earnings accruing, during pe- official determined under section 552(c) of AMENDMENT NO. 73: After title XXXIV of such title that such individual is officially riods beginning October 1, 1995, on all assets division C (relating to special authorities of foreign countries blocked by the President absent from such individual’s post of duty and other provisions of foreign assistance au- without authority; or pursuant to the International Emergency thorizations), insert the following new title Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and following) (B) who is an employee (as defined in sec- (and redesignate the subsequent title accord- tion 5561(2) of title 5, United States Code) in shall be available, subject to appropriations ingly): Acts, to carry out section 36 of the State De- a missing status (as defined in section 5561(5) partment Basic Authorities Act, as amended TITLE XXXV—REDUCTION IN of such title) as a result of the Vietnam con- by this section, except that the limitation AUTHORIZATIONS flict. contained in subsection (d)(2) of such section SEC. 3501. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS. Such term does not include an individual shall not apply to amounts made available Notwithstanding the specific authoriza- who the Secretary of Veterans Affairs deter- under this paragraph. tions of appropriations in the preceding pro- mines remained in Vietnam, Laos, or Cam- (2) CONTROL OF FUNDS BY THE PRESIDENT.— visions of this division, each amount author- bodia voluntarily. The President is authorized and directed to ized to be appropriated for each of the fiscal (2) For purposes of paragraph (1)— take possession and exercise full control of years 1996 and 1997 under this division or any (A) the Vietnam conflict began on Feb- so much of the earnings described in para- amendment made by this division (except for ruary 28, 1961, and ended on May 7, 1975; and graph (1) as are made available under such chapters 3 and 4 of title XXXI and for chap- (B) an individual in a missing status shall paragraph. ters 6 and 7 of title XXXII) is hereby reduced be considered to be in a missing status as a H.R. 1561 by 10 percent. result of the Vietnam conflict if imme- H.R. 1561 diately before that status began the individ- OFFERED BY: MR. TORRICELLI ual— AMENDMENT NO. 71: On page 326 of the com- OFFERED BY: MR. TRAFICANT (i) was performing service in Vietnam; or mittee substitute, after line 13 insert the fol- AMENDMENT NO. 74. At the end of chapter 2 (ii) was performing service in Southeast lowing new section: of title XXXIV of division C (relating to spe- Asia in direct support of military operations SEC. 3314. RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE FOR cial authorities and other provisions of for- in Vietnam. GUATEMALA. eign assistance authorizations), add the fol- SEC. 2257. KOREA POW/MIA ASYLUM PROGRAM. (a) RESTRICTION.—None of the funds au- lowing new section: (a) ASYLUM FOR ELIGIBLE ALIENS.—The At- thorized to be appropriated for grant assist- SEC. 3420. LIMITATION ON PROCUREMENT OUT- torney General shall grant asylum in the ance under section 23 of the Arms Export SIDE THE UNITED STATES. United States to any alien described in sub- Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763; relating to for- Funds made available for assistance for fis- section (b), upon the application of that eign military financing) or for assistance cal years 1996 and 1997 under the Foreign As- alien. under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign As- sistance Act of 1961, the Arms Export Con- (b) ELIGIBILITY.—Asylum shall be granted sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.; re- trol Act, or any other provision of law de- under subsection (a) to any alien (1) who is a lating to international military education scribed in this division for which amounts national of North Korea, South Korea, or and training) may be made available to the are authorized to be appropriated for such China and (2) who, while acting other than in Government of Guatemala unless the Sec- fiscal years, may be used for procurement an official or unofficial capacity on behalf of retary of State determines and certifies to outside the United States or less developed any government or agency, personally deliv- the appropriate congressional committees countries only if— ers into the custody of the United States that— (1) such funds are used for the procurement Government a living Korea POW/MIA (or (1) substantial progress has been made in of commodities or services, or defense arti- participates in such a delivery). the prosecution of all those responsible for cles or defense services, produced in the (c) KOREA POW/MIA DEFINED.— the human rights abuses against Michael country in which the assistance is to be pro- (1) For purposes of this section, the term DeVine, Nicholas Blake, Griffin Davis, vided, except that this paragraph only ap- ‘‘Korea POW/MIA’’ means an individual— Dianna Ortiz, Myrna Mack, and Efrain plies if procurement in that country would (A) who is a member of a uniformed service Bamaca Velasquez; cost less than procurement in the United (within the meaning of section 101(3) of title (2) former Guatemalan Lieutenant Colonel States or less developed countries; 37, United States Code) in a missing status Carlos Rene Ochoa Ruiz, who is under indict- (2) the provision of such assistance re- (as defined in section 551(2) of such title) as ment in the State of Florida for narcotics quires commodities or services, or defense a result of the Korean conflict, unless it is trafficking, has been extradited to the Unit- articles or defense services, of a type that officially determined under section 552(c) of ed States; and are not produced in, and available for pur- such title that such individual is officially (3) substantial progress has been made in chase from, the United States, less developed absent from such individual’s post of duty the dismantling of the Voluntary Civil Self- countries, or the country in which the assist- without authority; or Defense Committees, curbing their patrols, ance is to be provided; or (B) who is an employee (as defined in sec- and returning their weapons to the Guate- (3) the President determines on a case-by- tion 5561(2) of title 5, United States Code) in malan military. case basis that procurement outside the a missing status (as defined in section 5561(5) (d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- United States or less developed countries of such title) as a result of the Korean con- TEES DEFINED.—For purposes of this section, would result in the more efficient use of flict. the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com- United States foreign assistance resources. Such term does not include an individual mittees’’ means the Committee on Inter- H.R. 1561 who the Secretary of Veterans Affairs deter- national Relations and the Committee on mines remained in North Korea, South Appropriations of the House of Representa- OFFERED BY: MR. UPTON Korea, or China voluntarily. tives and the Committee on Foreign Rela- AMENDMENT NO. 75. At the end of chapter 3 (2) For purposes of paragraph (1)— tions and the Committee on Appropriations of title XXII (relating to refugees and migra- (A) the Korean conflict began on June 27, of the Senate. tion) insert the following new sections: 1950, and ended on January 31, 1955; and H.R. 1561 SEC. 2256. VIETNAM POW/MIA ASYLUM PROGRAM. (B) an individual in a missing status shall OFFERED BY: MR. TRAFICANT (a) ASYLUM FOR ELIGIBLE ALIENS.—The At- be considered to be in a missing status as a torney General shall grant asylum in the AMENDMENT NO. 72: After title XXXIV of result of the Korean conflict if immediately United States to any alien described in sub- division C (relating to special authorities before that status began the individual— section (b), upon the application of that and other provisions of foreign assistance au- (i) was performing service in the Korean alien. thorizations), insert the following new title peninsula ; or (b) ELIGIBILITY.—Asylum shall be granted (and redesignate the subsequent title accord- (ii) was performing service in Asia in di- under subsection (a) to any alien (1) who is a ingly): rect support of military operations in the national of Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, or Korean peninsula. TITLE XXXV—REDUCTION IN Burma, and (2) who, while acting other than H.R. 1561 AUTHORIZATIONS in an official or unofficial capacity on behalf SEC. 3501. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS. of any government or agency, personally de- OFFERED BY: MR. WYNN Notwithstanding the specific authoriza- livers into the custody of the United States AMENDMENT NO. 76: In section 2102(a) (re- tions of appropriations in the preceding pro- Government a living Vietnam POW/MIA (or lating to assessed contributions to inter- visions of this division, each amount author- participates in such a delivery). national organizations) strike ‘‘$873,505,000 ized to be appropriated for each of the fiscal (c) VIETNAM POW/MIA DEFINED.— for the fiscal year 1996 and $867,050,000 for the May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5483

fiscal year 1997’’ and insert ‘‘$861,505,000 for ‘‘(2) USE OF AMOUNTS FOR LATIN AMERICA (1) ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE.—The term ‘‘eco- the fiscal year 1996 and $852,050,000 for the AND THE CARIBBEAN.—Of the amounts author- nomic assistance’’ means any assistance fiscal year 1997’’. ized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of In section 3414 of the bill (in subsection (e) for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, $12,000,000 for 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) and any assist- of section 711 of the Foreign Assistance Act each such fiscal year shall be made available ance under chapter 4 of part II of such Act of 1961)— for the sale, reduction, and cancellation of (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.) (relating to the eco- (1) in paragraph (1) of such subsection (e), loans, or portions thereof, for countries in nomic support fund), except that such term strike ‘‘$3,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$15,000,000’’; Latin America and the Caribbean. does not include humanitarian assistance. (2) redesignate paragraph (2) of such sub- H.R. 1561 (2) MILITARY ASSISTANCE OR ARMS TRANS- section as paragraph (3); and OFFERED BY: MR. ZIMMER FERS.—The term ‘‘military assistance or (3) insert after paragraph (1) of such sub- AMENDMENT NO. 78: At the end of title arms transfers’’ means— section the following new paragraph: XXXIII (relating to regional provisions), add (A) assistance under chapter 2 of part II of ‘‘(2) USE OF AMOUNTS FOR LATIN AMERICA the following new section: the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. AND THE CARIBBEAN.—Of the amounts author- SEC. 3314. PROHIBITION ON ECONOMIC ASSIST- 2311 et seq.) (relating to military assistance), ized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) ANCE, MILITARY ASSISTANCE OR including the transfer of excess defense arti- for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, $12,000,000 for ARMS TRANSFERS TO THE GOVERN- cles under sections 516 through 519 of that each such fiscal year shall be made available MENT OF MAURITANIA UNLESS AP- Act (22 U.S.C. 2321j through 2321m); for the sale, reduction, and cancellation of PROPRIATE ACTION IS TAKEN TO (B) assistance under chapter 5 of part II of loans, or portions thereof, for countries in ELIMINATE CHATTEL SLAVERY. the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. Latin America and the Caribbean. (a) PROHIBITION.—The President may not 2347 et seq.) (relating to international mili- H.R. 1561 provide economic assistance, military assist- ance or arms transfers to the Government of tary education and training); OFFERED BY: MR. WYNN Mauritania unless the President certifies to (C) assistance under the ‘‘Foreign Military AMENDMENT NO. 77: In section 3414 of the the Congress that such Government has Financing Program’’ under section 23 of the bill (in subsection (e) of section 711 of the taken appropriate action to eliminate chat- Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763); or Foreign Assistance Act of 1961)— tel slavery in Mauritania, including— (D) the transfer of defense articles, defense (1) in paragraph (1) of such subsection (e), (1) the enactment of anti-slavery laws that services, or design and construction services strike ‘‘$3,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$15,000,000’’; provide appropriate punishment for violators under the Arms Export Control Act (22 (2) redesignate paragraph (2) of such sub- of such laws; and U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), including defense articles section as paragraph (3); and (2) the rigorous enforcement of such laws. and defense services licensed or approved for (3) insert after paragraph (1) of such sub- (b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this sec- export under section 38 of that Act (22 U.S.C. section the following new paragraph: tion, the following definitions apply: 2778). E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1995 No. 86 Senate (Legislative day of Monday, May 15, 1995)

The Senate met at 8:30 a.m., on the SCHEDULE time constraints that we are under— expiration of the recess, and was called Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, this are going to have to have some give to order by the President pro tempore morning the time for the two leaders and take today. We will have to begin [Mr. THURMOND]. has been reserved and the Senate will the process very early today of trying immediately resume consideration of to come to some specific time agree- PRAYER Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, the ments. With the large number of The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John concurrent budget resolution. amendments that we have to offer, we Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: Rollcall votes are expected through- obviously are heading for one of those Let us pray: out the day on or in relation to amend- traditional situations that we do on The earth is the Lord’s and all its full- ments to the budget. The Senate will the budget resolution where a great ness, the world and those who dwell not recess during the afternoon today number of amendments to the bill are therein.—Psalm 24:1. for policy luncheons, but will continue going to be offered and we are not Creator and Sustainer of all, Lord of in session debating the budget. going to have time to debate those. all life, Sovereign of this Nation, and f Under the rules, all amendments that owner of all that we are and have, we CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON are offered can be voted on if a rollcall humbly accept Your calling to be stew- THE BUDGET vote is ordered, which indicates to me ards of the resources and riches You very clearly that tomorrow afternoon have so bountifully given our Nation. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. sometime we are going to have a great You have written Your signature in the CAMPBELL). The Senate will resume number—and I mean a great number, beauty of our land, blessed us with op- consideration of Senate Concurrent maybe 2 to 3 hours—of successive votes portunities, and entrusted us with ma- Resolution 13. on many amendments that will not terial prosperity. We ask for only one The clerk will report the pending have been thoroughly discussed or de- thing more, Lord: Give us a grateful business. bated at all in the U.S. Senate. heart. The legislative clerk read as follows: Therefore, I would hope that we In gratitude, we press on in the cru- A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 13) could all conserve time as best we can. cial discussion of the budget today. We setting forth the congressional budget for Last night, the Senate completed de- will talk in terms of billions and tril- the U.S. Government for the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. bate on an amendment offered by the lions. At times we may be tempted to Senator from Delaware, on that side of think that we control the money to be The Senate resumed consideration of the aisle. Under the usual procedures, budgeted. Instead, we turn to You for the concurrent resolution. the next amendment would be offered guidance in these fiscal matters so that Pending: from someone on this side of the aisle. what is decided will be creative for the Roth Amendment No. 1121, to express the sense of the Senate that the number of Fed- I see Senator BRADLEY is here to people of this Nation, now and for fu- eral full-time equivalent positions should be offer an appropriate amendment that ture generations. Lord, help us to lis- further reduced. had been scheduled for some time. De- ten for truth as intently as we seek to Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. pending on what the acting majority speak our understanding of it. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- leader would like to do, we are pre- praise You that we live in a dynamic ator from Nebraska. pared to offer the amendment that had democracy in which great leaders like Mr. EXON. Mr. President, thank you. been scheduled to be offered by the these Senators can give this quality I simply say that as we open this very Senator from New Jersey, unless there and quantity of time to the crucial important day, it will be a very long is intervening business. issues of this budget. God bless them, day on the budget resolution. I would Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I be- and through their deliberations and de- simply say that as usual at this par- lieve the plan is to move forward with cisions, bless America. Amen. ticular time we have an inordinate the amendment by Senator BRADLEY. f number of amendments that have been Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I am, suggested from Members on both sides therefore, pleased to recognize the Sen- RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING of the aisle. ator from New Jersey. MAJORITY LEADER I simply say that we very likely—if Would he please indicate to me about The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The we are going to finish this up tomorrow how much time he thinks would be nec- acting majority leader is recognized. some time, which we must, given the essary?

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S7137

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Mr. BRADLEY. I say to the distin- would correct the numerous problems fits drop. For example, food stamps guished Senator from Nebraska I ex- posed by the current earned income tax drop 24 cents for every additional dol- pect that we would need several hours proposal in the budget resolution. lar. The EITC was intended to offset on this amendment. I know there are The amendment would repeal the some of these disincentives by pro- many people who want to speak, and I worst aspect of the $20 billion tax in- viding a tax reduction of 40 cents for will just have to see how many people crease on working families. Specifi- every dollar earned by a working fam- come to the floor. cally, the amendment would repeal the ily with two children. In other words, Under the rules, we are allowed 2 $12.8 billion tax increase on working that means the EITC can make a big hours equally divided, an hour on each families with children and the $4.1 bil- difference in people’s lives. side. We could start with that and see lion tax increase on working Ameri- Most eligible families earning be- if there are others who want more cans without children. tween $5,500 and $15,500 will qualify for time. At the same time, however, the at least $1,000 in credits. That is an- Mr. EXON. I thank my friend from amendment would ensure that we con- other $1,000 in someone’s pocket that New Jersey, and I yield the floor. tinue to improve the program’s admin- can go to pay for food, for utility bills, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- istration to fight against any potential for tuition to parochial school, for ator from New Jersey [Mr. BRADLEY] is fraud or abuse and to ensure that the health insurance, or for mortgage pay- recognized. benefits of this program go to those for ments. AMENDMENT NO. 1122 whom it was intended. Not only does the EITC help families (Purpose: To lessen tax increases on working Mr. President, since its creation in work their way out of poverty, the families by using amounts set aside for a 1975, the earned income tax credit has EITC is good for business. It puts more tax cut) been one of the most important sources purchasing power in low-income con- Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I send of support for working and lower-mid- sumers’ pockets and lets them keep an amendment to the desk and ask for dle-class families. In 1996, the earned more of what they earn. It also in- its immediate consideration. income tax credit will provide a tax cut creases the effective wage rate paid by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there for over 21 million workers and their employers, providing the neediest objection to laying aside the pending families. Americans with an even greater incen- amendment? In my own State of New Jersey, the tive to go to work. By helping these Without objection, it is so ordered. earned income tax credit provided families we also ease the burden on The clerk will report. 372,000 taxpayers with families with an public services provided by State and The legislative clerk read as follows: average of over $1,000 in tax relief in local government. 1993, a $1,000 tax cut for over 300,000 The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. BRAD- Even President Ronald Reagan recog- New Jersey families. LEY], for himself, Mr. BREAUX, and Mrs. MUR- nized the value of the earned income RAY, proposes an amendment numbered 1122. The EITC helps families move off the tax credit. At the signing of the 1986 welfare roles and into the work force. Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I ask Tax Reform Act he stated that the The incentive only goes to working unanimous consent that further read- bill’s expanded EITC provisions were a families. No one on welfare gets this. ing be dispensed with. very important thing. Ronald Reagan These are working families. If you do The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without called the EITC provisions ‘‘the best not work, you do not qualify for the objection, it is so ordered. anti-poverty, the best pro-family, the tax cut. It is as simple as that. The amendment is as follows: best job creation measure to come out On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and Social Security taxes and various means-tested programs create dis- of Congress.’’ insert the following: ‘‘budget, the appro- In addition to President Reagan, the priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and incentives for welfare recipients to levels shall be revised to reflect work. Without the EITC’s offsetting EITC has received widespread bipar- $16,900,000,000 in budget authority and out- tax reduction, the working poor lose tisan support, including that of Presi- lays of the additional deficit reduction benefits and pay higher taxes for each dents Ford, Carter, Bush, and Clinton. achieved as calculated under subsection (c) extra dollar that they earn. However, the current budget proposals for legislation that restores the full current The historic 1993 deficit reduction would repeal many of the gains realized law earned income tax credit under section package expanded the earned income under this bipartisan group of leaders 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. during almost two decades. ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- tax credit. Just as a point of reference, GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation in my State about 40,000 people ended So, what is the impact of this tax in- pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon up paying higher income taxes because crease on working families? In the face the submission of a conference report on of that deficit reduction package and of declining real wages and Republican such legislation (if a conference report is nearly 400,000 ended up paying less proposals to cut important aid pro- submitted), the Chair of the Committee on taxes because of the earned income tax grams, more and more American fami- the Budget of the Senate may submit to the credit. So, as a result of that deficit re- lies are going to face increasingly Senate appropriately revised allocations duction package, nearly 10 times more tough times. These are working fami- under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- lies who need every penny of the wages gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- people in my State got a tax cut than gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- got an income tax increase. they earn just to make ends meet. We vised by an amount that does not exceed the When fully phased in, the credit will simply should not tax these families additional deficit reduction specified under be available for families with two or into poverty by cutting the earned in- subsection (d).’’. more children, earning up to approxi- come tax credit. Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, the mately $28,500. Two children and fam- The goal of the 1993 expansion of the amendment that I have sent to the ily, up to $28,500, that is roughly half EITC was to ensure that individuals desk makes one simple point: Although the median income for a family of four. who work full time do not have to raise we need to balance the Federal budget, So what we are saying here is roughly their children in poverty. Achieving we should not do it on the backs of a fourth of all families with two kids this goal is just as important today as America’s working and middle-class will qualify for the earned income tax it was 2 years ago. By the year 2000, families. credit. These are working families. roughly 17.8 million taxpayers, 80 per- The budget resolution before the Sen- Because the minimum wage has not cent of the total recipients, would feel ate attempts to claim that it will bal- kept pace with inflation, without these a tax increase as a result of the pro- ance the budget without raising taxes. changes in the EITC many working posals that are embodied in this budg- However, buried deep in this budget families have fallen deeper into pov- et. On average, taxes would be raised proposal is a $20 billion tax increase— erty as a result of higher taxes and lost for affected working families by over a $20 billion tax increase—on America’s benefits. The EITC works in a very im- $600 each. working families. portant way for working families. For In New Jersey, working families will The amendment that I have intro- every added dollar a lower income face a $452 million tax increase. Over duced on behalf of myself, Senator working family earns, payroll taxes the next 7 years that amounts to about BREAUX, Senator MURRAY, and others, take 15.3 cents and certain other bene- $1,500 for the 297,000 recipients of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7139 earned income tax credit who are working families in New Jersey are not in the program. In a small January 1994 working families. the only ones who will suffer as a re- study the IRS found 13 percent of all The tax increase on working families sult of the Republicans’ proposed tax EITC refunds could be in error. It is with children amounts to $329 million. hike. important to note that many of these On an average, that would raise taxes Almost 30 percent of all taxpayers in errors result in ordinary mistakes that by $1,733 over 7 years on 190,000 New Mississippi will lose under this budget. taxpayers make on all kinds of tax re- Jersey families with children. So this There taxes will go up. Twenty percent turns. We have already taken a number is a significant tax increase in the mid- of the families in Texas will face a of significant steps to eliminate fraud dle of a budget proposal that purports larger tax burden as a result of these and to focus the benefits of the 1993 tax to have no tax increase. proposals. And in Oklahoma, almost cut on those most in need. We have Who are the people who receive the 215,000 working families will find it also made some additional changes in earned income tax credit? Let me just harder to make ends meet after the the last year or so to narrow eligibility give you a snapshot of a couple of peo- proposed tax increase by the changes in for the EITC. ple. the earned income tax credit. In the Uruguay round legislation, for Michael Thompson from Newark, NJ, Recently, I have heard statements example, we prohibited the EITC from is 32 years old, married, with two that these cuts in the EITC are not going to undocumented aliens. We deny daughters. He earns $7.75 per hour really a tax increase because recipients the tax break. Also, we allow the IRS working in a warehouse for the Com- do not have an income tax liability. to use simpler procedures with certain munity Food Bank in New Jersey. His Critics of the EITC would have us be- types of questionable returns. We deny wife worked over 5 years for a large lieve that just because someone re- it to individuals who have $2,350 in in- health insurance company but was laid ceives a tax refund that person could vestment income. So the eligibility has off in 1994 and has been unable to find not be paying more tax. been narrowed. new work. Last year the Thompsons re- Mr. President, if the Federal Govern- Then there are people who argue ceived an earned income credit that ment owes you a $1,000 tax refund and about the planned growth of the EITC. they used to pay the rent and to make we change the Tax Code so you end up They are claiming that the EITC is ex- up back payments on their utility bills. getting only a $500 refund, then we panding. To bolster these claims, some How about Deborah Hammerstrung have raised your taxes, notwith- critics have carted out graphs and from Barnegat, NJ, a clerical super- standing the fact that you still get charts—and we will probably see some visor for the Visiting Home Care Serv- something back. here today—that show the growth of ice in Ocean County. When Mrs. In addition, there are claims that the EITC since the early 1990’s. Of Hammerstrung and her ex-husband sep- this budget is not increasing taxes be- course, these graphs present only a arated 2 years ago, she could not afford cause some of the EITC recipients do snapshot of the EITC and ignore the to move into an apartment on her own. not owe any income tax. That claim ig- fact that the increases in the EITC are Instead, she was forced to move back nores all the other taxes that working a result of a conscious effort by Con- with her mother. By providing her with families have to pay. When working gress and Presidents Reagan, Bush, and a small credit against the taxes she has families receive their paychecks, the Clinton to expand the program and to paid, the EITC is helping Ms. stub does not just show how much they provide a modicum of tax relief to Hammerstrung pay the utility hookups pay in income tax withholding. It also America’s working families. for her own apartment. shows what was subtracted for Social Mr. President, if I could, as this And last year, Ms. Linda Bailey, of Security taxes, for Medicare taxes, for chart demonstrates, once these Elizabeth, NJ, received a small earned State taxes, and others. The EITC is changes are fully phased in, once you income tax credit. Ms. Bailey worked intended to help offset these taxes, as make eligibility, up to $28,500 for a as a registration clerk at St. Eliza- well as Federal income tax. beth’s Hospital and is the mother of Let me demonstrate this point by an family of four, the EITC will grow only two children aged 6 and 14. She used example. Imagine a young married cou- at the pace of inflation and population the $1,000 credit she received to help ple with two children. If this family growth, a straight line. pay her gas and electric bills. earned $16,500 per year, they will be So people on the other side who say These are only a few examples. I just above the poverty level. Although this program is out of control because could give you countless other exam- they would not owe any individual in- we tried to help lower middle-class ples in my own State of New Jersey come tax, they would incur $2,525 in families—and when you help lower where the earned income tax credit has Social Security taxes. That is what middle-class families, you provide a allowed struggling families to send a they would have to pay. Under current bigger tax cut to more people; it is child to parochial school, to begin to law, they would qualify for an EITC going to increase—they want to raise make a payment on college tuition, to that offsets practically all of that So- taxes on these very same people. But fully pay the utility bills, and on and cial Security tax, $2,532, just enough to once the eligibility is fully phased in, on. These are struggling working offset the Social Security tax liability. it is a national revenue loss. In fact, Americans. The earned income tax But under the proposal that is in this beginning in 1996, if you simply took credit has put a little money in their budget the EITC would fall, and their the EITC relative to the rest of the pockets so they can get by. This is not taxes would go up by over $300, a tax economy, it is on the way down. the time to increase taxes on these increase. So, Mr. President, at the same time working Americans. Mr. President, it is important to rec- that we have listened to the other Like most other working Americans, ognize that the proposal in this budget side’s attempts to explain why we need the recipients I have described live is a straight tax increase on working to raise taxes on working families in from paycheck to paycheck. As a credit families. None of the proposals do any- order to balance the Federal budget, we against taxes they paid, the EITC pro- thing, beyond what the administration have not heard a single word about the vides these families with a little has already suggested, to reduce errors truly uncontrolled growth in so many breathing room. in the program. other areas of the budget. They are not using the EITC to pay The amendment that I offer would Take, for example, one of the provi- for fancy meals out or hire high-paid implement the compliance provisions, sions in the Tax Code called section 29. lobbyists. No, they are not using it for such things as matching Social Secu- Section 29 refers to a little known pro- that. Instead they use the EITC to help rity numbers, et cetera—there are vision in the code that gives a handful buy clothes for their kids, to pay util- many different elements of the compli- of oil and gas producers billions of dol- ity bills, and to put meals on the table. ance provision—and thereby build on lars’ worth of subsidies at the cost of The higher taxes this budget will im- our past efforts to eliminate tax fraud other taxpayers. Between 1989 and 1994, pose on them will make it increasingly and ensure that the EITC goes on only section 29 tax subsidies grew by over more difficult for New Jersey families to those most in need. 1,000 percent. This uncontrolled to meet these basic needs and work Further, the Republican attack on growth—uncontrolled 1,000-percent their way out of poverty. Of course, the EITC stems from reports of fraud growth in 6 years—dwarfs the planned,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 controlled, and short-term growth of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to make it more efficient, more respon- the EITC. ator from Wyoming. sible, less expensive. On the other So why does the Republican budget Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I yield hand, the other side of the aisle sup- raise taxes on millions of American myself 5 minutes. ports the status quo: No plan to bal- families without touching a single Mr. President, as we go forward with ance the budget, no options to save penny in special interest loopholes like this debate, each day starts in about Medicare, no welfare reform proposal. section 29, that went up 1,000 percent in the same way: We should balance the So, Mr. President, we will see a dif- 6 years? The answer I think is fairly budget but we should not do it on the ference of opinion, and that is good. simple. The supporters of section 29 backs of—fill in the blank. Every day it That gives us a choice, whether we and a lot of the other special interest is a different one. Do not balance it on want more Government and more corporate loopholes—loopholes that are the backs—fill in the blank. spending or whether we want less Gov- used by the wealthy—like these sub- For example, let me talk just a ernment and less spending. sidies and they spend millions of dol- minute about the earned income tax We should take a look, I suppose, at lars each year to hire lobbyists to in- credit. Under the Republican proposal, the track record as to how we got here, sert their special provisions in the Tax the budget proposal that we are talk- raising taxes and expanding Federal Code. ing about, the EITC is not cut. It is a Government. In 1993, of course, we had Mr. President, working families are slowing in the rate of growth. The the largest tax increase in history, $259 too busy with their kids, trying to EITC proposal contained in the budget billion. President Clinton talks about make ends meet, holding down two or plan simply reins in the explosion in only raising taxes on the rich. three jobs, to have either the money or Federal Government spending in this Let me tell you that gas taxes in- the time to come down to Washington program. Under the Senate budget creased in my State of Wyoming, where and lobby for their provision in the Tax plan, the cost of EITC will increase we have more miles to drive than any Code. As a result, taxes are raised on from $28 billion in 1996 to $32 billion in other State other than Alaska, it was working families while special-interest the year 2002. Under the current law, not a tax increase on the rich, it was a loopholes proliferate. EITC costs would go to $36 billion in tax increase on those least able to pay In 1996, spending through the Tax 2002, not exactly the flat leveling off for it. The increase in Social Security Code will total $380 billion. It is the the Senator had mentioned a moment taxes was another change that hurt second fastest increase of the deficit, ago. more than just the rich. beyond entitlements, $480 billion, more In general, the EITC is one of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- than double the size of the projected fastest growing programs in the Fed- ator’s 5 minutes he yielded himself deficit. Between now and 2002, tax ex- eral Government. The 1994 cost was have expired. penditures will total more than $4 tril- $21.8 billion, eclipsing the Federal cost Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, if my lion. of Aid to Families with Dependent time has expired, I will yield the floor. I support, like many Members of the Children, AFDC, and the program is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Senate, some of these provisions: Home fully indexed to inflation. yields time? mortgage interest deductions, property Unfortunately, errors and fraud are Mr. BRADLEY addressed the Chair. tax deductions, charitable deductions. rampant. In 1988, the IRS found that 42 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- These are valuable tools. However, for percent of the EITC recipients received ator from New Jersey. every one of these provisions, there are too large a credit and 32 percent were Mr. BRADLEY. I yield 7 minutes to numerous other loopholes, such as sec- not able to show they were entitled to the distinguished Senator from Wash- tion 29, that simply benefit one indus- any credit at all. Something does need ington. try or a few taxpayers over the large to be done about it. Given the gen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mass of taxpayers. erosity of the program, it is not sur- ator from Washington is yielded 7 min- Mr. President, reducing the budget prising the number of recipients has utes. deficit will require shared sacrifice. grown from 6 million in 1975 to 18 mil- Mrs. MURRAY. I thank the Chair. However, raising taxes on millions of lion today, and that growth continues. And I thank my colleagues, the Sen- working Americans while consciously Another way to increase the number ator from New Jersey [Mr. BRADLEY], ignoring the billions of dollars that we of people eligible for the EITC is to and the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. give away each year through special in- raise the qualifying amount. For fami- BREAUX], and many other Senators who terest tax loopholes is not my defini- lies with one child, the qualifying are submitting this amendment to help tion of shared sacrifice. amount will rise from in 1995 $24,396 to correct one of the troubling aspects of So this amendment is really just $30,000; families with two children will the budget resolution before us, the tax about setting priorities, determining rise from $26,000 to $33,000 to qualify in increases on working American fami- how we should share the burden of bal- this particular program. lies. ancing the budget. There is no serious So, Mr. President, certainly it is hard By cutting the earned income tax disagreement between Democrats and to call this a cut when it goes up at credit, by taking away a tax break for Republicans on the need to balance the this rate. working families, this resolution will budget. In fact, this amendment would The baseline, if we leave it, will in- raise taxes an average of $270 for low- reduce the deficit by the exact same crease 48 percent between now and the income families next year. That is amount as the original budget pro- year 2000, from $20 billion to $30.8 bil- wrong. posal. The real question that this lion. Instead, under the chairman’s Mr. President, frankly, I am amazed amendment raises is how we should mark, it grows at 31 percent from $20.8 by this Republican proposal. The EITC balance the budget. 3 Either we can billion to $27.2 billion. has always received bipartisan support balance the budget by raising taxes on Also, it is interesting to point out because it is a commonsense tax credit. working families, as contemplated in that the chairman’s mark accepts the It rewards work. It provides a real in- the Republican budget proposal, or we proposal of President Clinton’s to deny centive, and it gives people the means can forgo a small proportion of pro- EITC to undocumented workers and to move from the welfare rolls to the posed tax cuts for corporations and the targets EITC to working poor with work force. wealthy, as this proposal would do. I children. In 1986, Ronald Reagan praised the believe the choice is clear: Tax cuts for Mr. President, we will go forward earned income tax credit. As you know, lower-middle-class working Americans again today with our budget proposal, I was not here in 1986. I was at home and no tax giveaways to corporate and and we will cite, as we have in the past, serving on my local school board in the wealthy Americans. That is what this the difference of philosophy in terms of State of Washington, but I remember amendment is all about. approaching this business of cutting watching the debate surrounding the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who spending. And that is legitimate, to Tax Reform Act of 1986. We might for- yields time? Does the Senator yield have a different view. It is appropriate get sometimes under all these tele- back the floor? to have a different view. The Repub- vision lights that the actions we take Mr. THOMAS addressed the Chair. licans want to transform Government and the words we say matter a great

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7141 deal to average Americans across this provide for their children, and, it re- fraud and be tough on the error rates. country. I cannot forget that because I wards the rich. This budget gives Goli- I am happy to report that IRS has remember when Congress approved the ath an advantage. taken on this issue, and they are mak- tax reform package that included an Let us put things back in perspec- ing progress with this. They have made expansion of the EITC, and I remember tive. Let us help those who really need improvements, and are continuing to President Reagan signing that bill into our help. Let us not go back to the crack down on those who abuse the law, saying the EITC is the best anti- days of the Industrial Revolution; Back system. Unfortunately, the cuts we are poverty, the best pro-family, the best to survival of the fittest. Mr. Presi- talking about in the budget resolution job-creation measure to come out of dent, I urge my colleagues to support have nothing to do with improving this Congress. These were important words this amendment. It tells working fami- important tax credit. then, and they are important words lies that we are fighting in their cor- Instead, the cuts seem to be all about today. ner. It says we are against increasing trashing the credit. Instead of address- Mr. President, many hard-working their taxes and we for ensuring their fi- ing fraud, we are going to decimate the American families are just trying to nancial security. I urge all our col- EITC and effectively raise taxes on the make ends meet, send their kids to leagues to support this amendment. working poor. school and provide some hope for the I yield the floor. I cannot imagine that any Govern- future. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who ment that says, yes, we are family ori- Average Americans are worried about yields time? ented; yes, we want to help the least their jobs. They are anxious about the Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, does advantaged in our society, is about to cost of education. And, there is genuine the other side wish to make their case? raise taxes on the working poor. concern out there about the costs of We are anxious to hear their defense of Let us not throw out the baby with health care. So, how does this budget this tax increase. Would the other side the bath water. It is like cutting your respond to these legitimate and real at any point like to argue the tax in- arm to get rid of a wart on your finger. concerns? It creates more fear and crease? The earned income tax credit is too im- more insecurity. It takes away hope. Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair. portant for that. The EITC has enjoyed bipartisan sup- And taking away this tax credit adds The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the port since Russell Long helped create insult to injury. Senator yield time? it in 1975. Republicans and Democrats Mr. President, the EITC keeps people Mr. THOMAS. Yes, I yield 5 minutes alike have viewed the EITC as a non- off welfare. It offsets other forms of to the Senator. bureaucratic way to make work/pay Federal assistance. It gives American Mr. NICKLES. Just in response to the Senator, I will make a few com- better than welfare. parents the security they need to enter President Reagan called the EITC ments in just a couple of moments. the work force. It is astounding that ‘‘The best anti-poverty, the best pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who the other side has chosen this time to family, the best job creation measure yields time? cut the EITC. Cuts to Medicaid; cuts to to come out of the Congress.’’ Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I yield education; taxes on working Americans That is not someone on this Demo- who can least afford them. 8 minutes to the distinguished Senator cratic side of the aisle or this adminis- In my home State of Washington, from Ohio. tration, that is President Ronald more than 224,000 families earned the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Reagan. tax credit in 1993. This budget resolu- ator from Ohio [Mr. GLENN] is recog- Senator PACKWOOD said in 1991 that tion will raise taxes on those families nized for 8 minutes. the EITC is ‘‘a key means of helping in my State by $1,468 over the next 7 Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I rise in low-income workers with dependent years. support of the amendment by my col- children get off and stay off welfare.’’ Maybe this increase is not a big deal league from New Jersey. I think it is Senator DOMENICI said in 1990, ‘‘The to some of our colleagues here in the an extremely important amendment. EITC is a great way to help low-income Senate, Mr. President. But, believe me, You know, if we were to assign music families with the cost of raising their these are real increases to average to some of our proposals here on the children. It sends assistance to those in Americans. I know what it is like to Senate floor, I think a good theme song need, to those who work hard and yet drive to work every day, worrying for this particular amendment would struggle to make a living and provide about doctors’ bills and school clothes. be ‘‘Bridge Over Troubled Waters,’’ be- for their children.’’ I know how it feels to be squeezed be- cause what this amendment does is to And I agree with Senator DOMENICI in tween caring for elderly parents and say that those who are in trouble eco- that statement. young kids. Maybe that is why I under- nomically, those lowest on our eco- Others who have expressed especially stand how nasty this cut is. nomic scale get a helping hand. It is a strong support have included Senators Mr. President, recently, there has bridge over troubled waters for those DOLE, HATCH, and GRASSLEY; Rep- been a lot of talk about tax cuts on people on welfare into productive jobs resentatives ARMEY and PETRI; and Capitol Hill. The House of Representa- in a productive society. former Representative Kemp. tives has already passed a tax plan that And for people who are paying taxes, The less fortunate of our society too cuts taxes on capital gains and expands too. That is who it is for. It is not just often find themselves fighting just to IRA deductions, and I expect we will for people who are on welfare. They do feed their families, pay their bills, and hear a debate on a tax cut this week in not get this. It is for the people who stay off public assistance. They are not the Senate. are trying to get up the ladder. They crooks. They are not tax cheats. They A tax cut is a great idea as long as we are the poorest of the poor who may are working hard to earn their tax pay for it in a sensible way, but a tax once in awhile even get more than they credit. It is not some sort of a handout. cut is a terrible idea if we pay for it by are paying in taxes because it encour- They do not get it if there is no earned raising taxes on low-income Ameri- ages them to work, to job train, to try income. And it is one of the best tools cans, or by raising the Medicare pay- to get up that economic ladder instead we have to bridge the gap—bridge the ments of our Nation’s elderly. of just sitting on welfare with little in- gap, a bridge over troubled waters—be- Mr. President, we cannot balance the centive to get off. tween welfare and work. We all talk budget on our working poor, our elder- In early April, the Governmental Af- about making work. We all talk about ly or our children. And, we cannot jus- fairs Committee held 2 days of hearings making work affordable. Well, the tify cutting taxes for the wealthy while on EITC. During those hearings, I EITC is doing just that. In my home increasing taxes on our poor. heard all of the arguments for and State of Ohio, more than half a million Mr. President, I have said it many against the EITC. I left those hearings working families are getting a little times in the past 2 weeks and I will say more convinced than ever that this tax extra back from their paycheck to help it again now, this budget has no con- credit is one of the most important make ends meet. I would like to share science. This budget hurts the little parts of our Tax Code. some of their stories. I think they will guy—those who need help, those who It has suffered from abuse and mis- shed some light on just what the EITC are struggling to make a living and takes and we have to crack down on is all about.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Brenda Manders is a divorced mother was claimed, not what was actually onciliation act which very specifically of a 3 year old who lives in Columbus, paid out, and that is the bottom-line sets forth the years that program in- OH. She has earned the credit for 3 question. The IRS detected many of creases will take place. These expan- years. Brenda, who works for Legal those erroneous claims, corrected sions took place to make work pay. Services and has been training to be- them, and avoided making any over- They were done in recognition of the come a legal secretary, this year re- payments. Unfortunately, the 1994 IRS fact that other policies to assist the ceived a total refund of $2,740. This was study did not determine the actual working poor—like the minimum very fortunate, because after a separa- EITC overpayment rate. wage—have become much weaker. And tion from her husband, Brenda and her The error rate figure is deceivingly they were done so that a parent who child were left with no place to live. high for another reason. The 1,000 re- works full time throughout the year Faced with homelessness, she was able turns examined in the study were not would not have to raise his or her fam- to use her tax credit to pay for a secu- representative of the EITC returns ily in poverty. In fact, the 1993 increase rity deposit and rent on an apartment filed in 1994. They were only the re- was designed to do just that—it was de- for her and her child. Without it, Bren- turns filed electronically during the signed so that a family of four in which da and her child may well have wound first 2 weeks of the filing season. Error the parent works at the minimum wage up on the street. rate is likely to be higher among early would be lifted to the poverty line. And Zorida Hart of Cleveland, OH, is electronic returns than among EITC a single parent who works as a switch- returns overall. But even with these planned expan- board operator at the Council for Eco- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sions, the disposable income of a work- nomic Opportunities. She received a ator’s time has expired. ing mother with two children will be credit of $1,978 which she is using to Mr. BRADLEY. I yield 2 minutes to up to $3,000 lower, after adjusting for pay for day care. And she’s put $900 of the Senator. inflation, than in 1972 before the EITC Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, what is that credit in the bank to save it for a was even created. most important is that the IRS, in re- rainy day. I wish the U.S. Congress Mr. President, after the three expan- sponse to the 1994 study, has initiated were as pennywise as Zorida. Over the sions specifically enacted under Presi- tough measures to scrutinize EITC re- past few days, I have heard from a lot dents Reagan, Bush, and Clinton, the turns. Before sending a payment, the of Ohio parents who rely on the EITC tax credit will return to its normally IRS now verifies not only the Social to help them with child care so that low rate of growth. In fact, after 1997 it Security numbers of all adult claim- will grow at a rate less than the GDP. they can have a job. This is a tax credit ants, but also the numbers of all chil- I am sure there are not many provi- that is working for Americans. More dren in the EITC families to make sure sions you could say that about in the importantly, it is keeping Americans that the claims are valid and that no tax package that the House put to- working. child is claimed twice. Also, the GATT We have heard several complaints gether. legislation enacted last fall included a about the EITC. I would like to address provision requiring for the first time We have also heard allegations that these one at a time, because I suspect that Social security numbers be pro- 80 percent of the EITC goes to those we might hear them again and again. I vided for all infants. Several million with no income tax liability at all. hope we can put them to rest. First, returns have been delayed this year be- Well, the truth of the matter is that the problems of fraud and error. This is cause of discrepancies with Social Se- the EITC was intended to offset not a critical issue. curity numbers. only income taxes, but also payroll I think if we learned any lesson from In addition, the IRS now pulls all taxes and excise taxes. More than 80 the hearings that the Governmental EITC returns falling into error-prone percent of the EITC goes directly to Affairs Committee held in April, it is categories, sends the families a ques- offset all of these taxes which are being that we had better keep pushing to pre- tionnaire and requires the families to paid by workers who are fighting to get pare the IRS for the 21st century provide additional documentation. out, and stay out, of poverty. through projects like compliance ini- So Mr. President, all the figures that Some also say this program discour- tiative. we have heard, and are about to hear, ages work. The argument is that—be- Senator SIMON and I will be offering are outdated. And given the new IRS an amendment on this shortly to en- compliance measures, they are not en- cause the credit phases out as family sure that this important antifraud pro- tirely relevant to the current debate. income increases spouses will be dis- gram continues. As one of the wit- The IRS has recognized the problem, couraged from getting jobs. It’s an in- nesses at the April hearings said, the and its seeking to correct it. teresting theoretical argument. But IRS is seeking to crack down on fraud Do not get me wrong. I am not saying what I find more persuasive is the way but is hampered by antiquated sys- that fraud and error rates are OK. I am the tax credit has enabled people to tems. We need to change that to uphold the last one who would imply such a work by helping them pay for things public confidence not only in the EITC, thing. But I believe that, instead of like child care, transportation or work but in our Tax Code generally. seeking to reduce working people’s tax clothes. I have heard from a lot of peo- We have heard dramatic statistics credit, we should instead work with the ple who have used the credit for these about the EITC error rates. We are told IRS to reduce error rates. The IRS is things. But I have not heard from any- that according to a 1994 IRS study they making a lot of headway here. And we one who turned down job opportunities are as high as 35 to 45 percent. Well, should all work to make sure it con- because it would affect their tax credit. those figures are very deceiving. They tinues. That is progress. Increasing the Let me give another example from deal with those filers whose tax returns tax burden on our lowest income work- Ohio. Carol and Roy Wilmonts of Co- were off by just a few dollars and filers ing families is not something that we lumbus, OH received the EITC for the who incorrectly claimed too small an want to sponsor. past 2 years. They used it to help pay amount. Mr. President, I think that Next, we have heard that the EITC is bills. And Carol has had the flexibility bears repeating. These large percent- simply out of control. Well, I am here to care for their kids—Amber, Ashley, ages include those who actually to tell you—it is not. The increases Autumn, and Nicholas. You see, that’s claimed too little. that we have seen in this tax credit part of the equation people ignore. The more important statistic in- have been mandated very specifically Some use the EITC to pay for child volves not such small discrepancies, by Congress. We have scheduled in- care. Others use it to provide the finan- but rather whether the EITC was creases by law and phased them in sev- cial flexibility for one spouse to stay at claimed in error. The IRS study found eral years at a time. home and care for the kids. It is not a that about 25 percent of the EITC bene- The first major increase in this tax work disincentive for Carol. Roy re- fits claimed were claimed in error. credit took place under President ceived a promotion and is now manager While there was fraud, most erroneous Reagan in 1986. The second was initi- at a Muffler King. He and Carol no claims were found to be unintentional. ated under President Bush in 1990. longer receive a tax credit. But they But this 25-percent figure still over- And in 1993 under President Clinton, are glad that they got one when they states the problem. It deals with what the Congress approved this budget rec- really needed it most.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7143 We have also heard that you get the to state their case as to why they want second is home mortgage deduction; credit even if you work just a tiny lit- a tax increase on working Americans. and third is property taxes and income tle bit. Well—what do you know—then That is the basic question. tax deduction. you get just a tiny little credit. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. I am sure he does not oppose any of And we heard that those with little The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- those. That is, by far, the lion’s share. earned income but a lot of interest in- ator from New Mexico. What does he point out as the big one? come can take advantage of the sys- Mr. DOMENICI. Who controls the Section 29. Section 29. This little provi- tem. Well, at the request of the Clinton time on the other side? Does Senator sion in the Tax Code for tight sands administration we are putting an end BRADLEY? How much time have they drilling of oil and natural gas. to that through language in the self used so far? Now, let us look at section 29, this employed health care deduction bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- big glaring one that makes everything that has now become law. ator from New Jersey has used 40 min- else illegitimate. Section 29 applies Then we heard about the so-called utes, and has 20 minutes left. The Sen- only to wells drilled prior to 1993. This marriage penalty. But no one bothered ator from New Mexico has 55 minutes. thing has been phased out. It is not to mention that the EITC can also en- Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator from even around anymore. It is only for old courage marriages. Without the EITC, Pennsylvania, Senator SANTORUM, de- wealth. This was taken care of a few there is a great deal of financial risk sires to speak for how much time? years ago. So he is arguing we should for a mother on AFDC who does not Mr. SANTORUM. Five minutes. get rid of a provision we have already work and is considering marrying Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 5 minutes to gotten rid of. someone with low earnings. If she mar- the Senator from Pennsylvania. Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator ries, she and her children will become Mr. President, I designate Senator yield? ineligible for AFDC and also lose some NICKLES to be the manager of the time Mr. SANTORUM. I will be happy to of their food stamps, not to mention remaining on this amendment in my yield. the loss of Medicaid. behalf. Mr. BRADLEY. Does the Senator The EITC helps to offset those losses. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without deny that the provision in the Repub- By tying the knot, the couple will gain objection, it is so ordered. lican proposal will increase the tax on an EITC benefit of up to $2,157 if they The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- working families? have one child and up to $3,564 if they ator from the Pennsylvania, Senator Mr. SANTORUM. The Senator will have two or more children. This will SANTORUM, is recognized for 5 minutes. admit that by reducing the rate of partially, and in some States fully, Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, I growth in this program, people will not make up for the loss of AFDC benefits. rise in opposition to this amendment. I get the tax breaks that were intended Encouraging single mothers who are on was struck by the arguments presented under the Clinton 1993 budget, yes. Mr. BRADLEY. Yes. So it is a tax in- welfare to marry into working families by the Senator from New Jersey in crease on working families. is certainly worthwhile in my book. favor of this amendment about this Re- publican budget being a tax increase. Mr. SANTORUM. It is not a tax in- Some people may view the amount of crease. What it says is that people who credit that we are talking about as of Let me just first state, again, this goes without saying, all of the amend- are—I find it absolutely amazing to little consequence. But let me offer an suggest that people who get a refund, illustration provided by Dan Grunberg ments that are being offered by the other side of the aisle are, in a sense, and 90 percent of the people in this pro- in testimony before the Governmental gram do not pay any income tax. Let Affairs Committee. For someone who bogus because they take us off the path to a balanced budget. As a result, this me repeat that, almost 90 percent of has a weekly take home pay of less the people who get the earned income than $200, the average EITC payment of money that they draw from, this $170 billion that is being used to pay for tax credit pay no Federal income taxes. $1,500 is almost 8 weeks pay. That Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator this amendment, does not exist because makes a big difference. yield for another question? once you put the tax credit back in, Mr. President, it is hard to escape Mr. SANTORUM. I have not yielded. the harsh irony that we are discussing you then throw us off the line to get us Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator tax increases on those fighting to es- to a balanced budget which then, ac- yield? cape poverty, while at the same time cording to the Congressional Budget Mr. SANTORUM. Let me finish my the House is proposing a massive pack- Office, gets us the $170 billion. point. I do not know how you can say age of tax cuts that will benefit the So by putting this amendment on, that it is a tax increase if 90 percent of wealthiest Americans and largest cor- the budget is no longer balanced, there the people receiving this money do not porations. Since I cam to the Senate, I is no $170 billion and, guess what? We pay taxes. To me, when you are giving have worked for fairness and progres- do not have a balanced budget, we have money back, in fact you are giving a sivity in the Tax Code. The majority’s no $170 billion, and we are back to the negative income tax to a group of peo- EITC proposal, especially in the face of same place as before, which is adding ple and you are saying you are not the House tax cut package, is neither to the deficit, not getting to a balanced going to let that increase so they can fair nor progressive. It is Robin Hood budget. get more negative income tax. I do not in reverse. Anyone who believes that there is know how you consider that a tax in- So, Mr. President, count me as a sup- money here for this program—there crease, an increase in taxes. What we porter of the EITC. We can sit around just is not money here for this pro- are saying is we are not going to give here all day with fancy charts, graph- gram. This blows the whole deal. This you more money that you have not ics, and statistics. But nothing will is another attempt by the other side to paid already. substitute for the personal experiences say we do not want a balanced budget Mr. BRADLEY. Does the Senator of real people like Roy and Carol because if we pass this we do not have agree that these working families pay Wilmonts. They are working hard to a balanced budget. So let us put all Social Security taxes? get by. They needed that little extra this tax cut or no tax cut—that is a red Mr. SANTORUM. This is a tax credit help that EITC offers. And they worked herring. This proposal destroys the bal- for Federal taxes. That is what this hard for it. anced budget, period. It destroys it, No. program is. Mr. President, I encourage my col- 1. Mr. BRADLEY. I am sorry. We will leagues to support the Bradley amend- No. 2, I found it absolutely amazing hear later from the Senator from Lou- ment and oppose tax increases on the that the Senator from New Jersey isiana, who can address the purpose of working poor. would talk about all these tax cuts or the originator, Senator Long of Lou- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tax benefits or tax expenditures, $480 isiana. The point the Senator misses, ator’s additional time has expired. billion in tax expenditures and then, and I think the other side admits this Mr. GLENN. I appreciate the time. admission against interest, he admit- consistently—— Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, we ted most of those tax expenditures he The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time will withhold further comment on this supports. Of course, the lion’s share of of the Senator from Pennsylvania has side until the other side has a chance them, the biggest is health insurance; expired.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Mr. SANTORUM. Can I have an addi- in there that benefit specific indus- DOMENICI is on the floor, who talked tional 2 minutes? tries, some of them for very good rea- about this program in the past. My Mr. NICKLES. I yield the Senator 2 sons, others not so good. To suggest predecessor in the U.S. Senate, Senator additional minutes. that the entire Tax Code is one big Russell Long, a person I have tremen- Mr. SANTORUM. I will just suggest loophole for corporate America belies dous amount of respect for, says we 90 percent of the people in this program the numbers. No. 1, where most of the have to start making work more at- do not pay any Federal income taxes, tax expenditures are, in fact, for the tractive than welfare. and that when you have a program, as earned income tax credit, health insur- How many times have we heard the Senator from Oklahoma I know is ance, property taxes, local income speeches on the floor, ‘‘The problem is going to point out, that is fraudulent taxes, and the home interest deduction. people don’t work enough. We have too to the point of—the Senator from New I would just suggest, as the Senator many people on welfare.’’ Jersey said 13 percent. There are re- from Oklahoma will talk about, this Ronald Reagan said this program, ports it is as high as 45 percent. program has problems with fraud, is a when it was passed, was ‘‘The best anti- I know myself, I am waiting for my very harsh program as far as work dis- poverty, the best profamily, the best tax return to come back, and the rea- incentive, and there is a lot of informa- job-creation measure to ever come out son the Internal Revenue gave me, in tion out there how the folks in this of the Congress.’’ writing, why I am 2 months delayed in program are, in fact, not full-time Today, this budget says we are going getting my tax return back is because workers who are just above the poverty to slash it, and we are going to give the they are having so many problems in level, but in fact only part-time work- shaft to the people of this country who trying to track down the fraud in the ers who get a subsidy. are hard-working Americans who are earned income tax credit provision of I yield the floor. trying to make ends meet, trying to the Tax Code. This program has a lot of Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I find send their kids to school, trying to problems. it ironic that the Senator from Penn- make sure they do not go on welfare. I want to get back to the original sylvania is aggressively defending all We will make it a lot harder. That is point the Senator made, how we have the special interest provisions in the one thing. Again, budgets being about prior- all these terrible provisions in the Tax Tax Code, while at the same time he is ities, what are they doing with the Code that benefit corporate America. for a flat tax. money? It is one thing to cut people He points out, one, section 29, which How can the Senator be for a flat tax who work every day really hard and has been eliminated, he supports pro- and want to eliminate all the special are barely making it, can barely afford grams like section 936. interest tax provisions. to pay the rent, and say ‘‘We will take It is funny, the Senator from New I yield 5 minutes to the distinguished this money away from you, that we are Jersey did not comment on the pref- Senator from Louisiana. trying to help you with,’’ and we are erential tax provision for drug compa- Mr. BREAUX. I thank the Senator going to try and give a tax cut to fami- nies in New Jersey, and in fact sup- from New Jersey for yielding. lies that make up to $200,000 a year—a ported that provision as recently as the There is a great country and western tax cut of about $5,000 over the next 5 last budget go-around when the Clinton song. I think country and western writ- ers are some of the best philosophers years—and wealthy taxpayers earning administration cut that program back up to $350,000 get a tax cut of $20,000 that we will ever see in society. In one and there was an amendment on the when all of their tax cuts are fully of the songs this guy is singing, he floor of the Senate to eliminate that phased in. program, and the Senator from New says, ‘‘After the breakup, she got the Now, people say we do not want to Jersey refused to eliminate it. gold mine and I got the shaft.’’ get into class warfare. I am not talking If you are a working family in Amer- Now, we can play this double stand- about class warfare. I am talking about ard. Because they do not have oil in ica that makes $28,500 a year—which I something called fairness. Is it fair to New Jersey, they are against section would point out is most of the people say to someone making $28,000, ‘‘We 29; but if there are drug companies in in my State of Louisiana by a huge will make you pay more,’’ in order to New Jersey, they are not against sec- amount—you are getting ready to get say to people who make $200,000, ‘‘You tion 936. the shaft; somebody else is going to get will pay less.’’ That is the demagoguery that goes the gold mine. What are our priorities? Budgets are on around here. We will point to cor- Budgets are about priorities. There is about priorities. It is one thing to say porate tax cuts, unless of course, the no clearer priority than what we are this program is not working exactly corporation is in your State. talking about right now. What the like it was supposed to. I would suggest Mr. BRADLEY. Would the Senator budget that is pending says, ‘‘If you are it is. I would suggest the Senator from yield? a working family that works every Pennsylvania who says that it only ap- Mr. SANTORUM. I have been very day, works hard, pays your taxes, fol- plies to offset income tax knows not of generous in yielding. lows the law, and does what society what he is speaking, because it is clear- Mr. BRADLEY. The Senator is tells you to do, you are getting ready ly not correct to say that. It is clearly wrong. In 1993 we cut that provision by to get the shaft.’’ not correct. 40 percent. If the Senator is arguing We can argue about whether this is a This program was expanded by a bi- that we should cut every other cor- tax cut or a tax increase, but the facts partisan effort, I would point out, to porate provision by 40 percent, his ar- are very clear: What the budget pro- include not only income taxes. We gument would be consistent. I do not posal says, for a family that makes know people making that amount of think he is arguing that. $28,500 or less with two children in this money do not pay a lot of income Mr. SANTORUM. Reclaiming my country, that family is getting ready taxes. But we have increased a payroll time, Mr. President. to have to pay a lot more to Uncle tax five times. These people get hit The PRESIDING OFFICER. The addi- Sam. That family is getting ready to with a payroll tax, get hit with a gaso- tional 2 minutes has expired. have to dig into their wallet at the end line tax Congress passed, get hit with Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, 30 of the year and send money to Wash- excise tax, and alcohol and tobacco and seconds, Mr. Chairman. ington that they did not have to do last other products. All of these taxes can Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 1 additional year because of this budget. be used to offset the earned income tax minute. Now, somebody can say that is not a credit, not just the income tax. Mr. SANTORUM. If we look at the tax increase. But I must say, if a per- We know the figures, that a lot of the amendment on the floor to eliminate son has to pay more than they paid last people do not pay income taxes, but ev- section 936, the Senator from New Jer- year, that ‘‘ain’t’’ fun. If a person has eryone pays payroll taxes, excise taxes, sey voted against it. He voted to keep to pay more than they paid last year, gasoline taxes, and all the other things section 936 for drug companies, many call it anything, but that person is that get hit and keep them in the bow- of whom are based in New Jersey. going to be hurt. els of poverty. So we can look through the entire Now, we have heard people talk Again, who is getting the shaft and Tax Code. There are lots of provisions about what people said, and Senator who is getting the gold mine? I think it

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7145 is pretty clear that this suggestion Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, my col- the last several years in EITC outlays, says we will repeal any of the in- leagues are certainly entitled to their beginning in 1990, was 14 percent, 55 creases. own opinions, but they are not entitled percent, 22 percent, 21 percent, 42 per- What else do they do with regard to to their own facts. The fact is that this cent in 1994, and 18 percent in 1995. this proposition? I think it is very im- program is growing rampantly out of Those are increases in outlays where portant to know. control. It has been, without a doubt, we are writing checks, not reducing Here is what the proposal does: No. 1. the fastest growing entitlement pro- someone’s tax liability. Uncle Sam is It repeals the 1996 increase in deduc- gram in Government. It is also prob- writing a cash payment benefit. tions that people who are working and ably the most fraudulent program we Again—this is 10 times the rate of making 28,000 a year get. It repeals it have in Government. I want to refute growth of inflation over most of these outright. It also repeals the workers the statement I have heard almost all years. who do not have children, the credit of my colleagues on the other side The cost of this program now exceeds that they would get. say—that this is a tax increase on the the cost for Aid for Families with De- Is it not fair to have people who do working poor. They are totally wrong. pendent Children. We are going to talk not have children to not be able to ben- The changes we are talking about about welfare reform very soon. Sen- efit in the program? In 1993 Congress making in the EITC program are not a ator BRADLEY, myself, and others are added this section. In a bipartisan ef- tax increase on anyone. What we are going to be working on a welfare mark- fort, under that credit, taxpayers with- doing is reducing the rate of growth of up tomorrow. We will focus on AFDC out children would be eligible for some a program that is growing in cost by because it has been the largest cash as- credit. This budget says they are out of leaps and bounds. We are not talking sistance program for welfare depend- here, forget them, we are not going to about tax credits. We are talking about ents. The EITC exceeds AFDC. It did help them. I do not understand that. reducing the amount of checks that we not a couple years ago. Well, you can say that is not a tax in- are writing—outlays. This is a cash This chart maybe is a little more crease but, by golly, they are going to benefit program. Eighty percent of the confusing, and thus needs explanation. pay more money to the Federal Gov- money in this program is written in a You see the red, which is the outlays. ernment. And I do not think it helps check at the end of the year. The green here is the credit portion. So them or makes them feel better to say It is not a reduction in somebody’s the total cost of this program, esti- those people in Washington told me taxes. It is a payment; it is a negative mated by the year 2002, is going to be this was not a tax increase, but I am income tax. In almost 99-plus percent $36.2 billion. That is an unbelievable paying more money than the last time. of the cases, it is a check paid as a re- explosion of a program that only cost a How can that not be a tax increase? It fund to people in a lump sum payment. couple of billion dollars back in the definitely comes out of their back These lump sum payments have been late 1970’s and even in the early 1980’s. pocket at a time when Congress is say- rising dramatically. My colleagues The total cost of the program in 1986 ing: Get off the dole, go to work, sup- need to be aware of the exploding costs was $2 billion. The total cost of the port your family, follow the law and, in this program. The numbers on this program in 1990 was $6.9 billion. The by the way, we are going to make you chart are what the Federal Govern- total cost of the program in 1994 was pay more so we can give a tax cut to ment is actually spending. I will have $21.8 billion. It tripled between 1990 and people making $200,000 a year. Prior- this inserted into the RECORD so my 1994—tripled; it went from less than $7 ities. It is a question of priorities. colleagues can see it. The growth in billion to $21.8 billion. By 1996, it goes Now, I know some people are going to this program is astronomical. I heard a up to $28.4 billion. Again, the growth say, well, this program has increased couple colleagues saying Ronald rate in the total cost of this program, so much and we have this huge in- Reagan and others were supporters of outlays and credits, is astounding. In crease, and it is just going out of con- this program. Let us put their support 1991, it went up 60 percent; in 1992, 17 trol. Let me suggest that the growth in context. percent; in 1993, 20 percent; in 1994, 40 rate is not explosive and it is not out of In 1980, this program’s outlays were percent; in 1995, 16 percent; and in 1996, control. It is doing exactly what Con- $1.4 billion. In 1986, they were $1.5 bil- 12 percent. gress intended it to do. It is growing lion. So in 5 or 6 years, the outlays al- because it was designed to grow be- most had no increase. So it was very, Now, the cost of the EITC is growing cause of expansions in the bill that very small, program. In 1986, we had for a lot of different reasons. One, Con- were signed into law. The charts are some increases, and by 1990, this pro- gress has increased the amount of going to show something that goes up gram’s outlays were $5.3 billion. money people are eligible for. But I like that. That is because Congress Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator will give you some figures. The max- said, in a bipartisan manner, that in yield? imum credit in 1990 for two or more addition to income tax, we are going to Mr. NICKLES. I want to make a sig- children was $953. From 1976 through cover things like payroll tax, which is nificant statement, and I will yield at 1978, the maximum credit anybody the most regressive tax of all; we are a later time. could receive out of this program was going to cover the gas tax, which we That is a pretty significant growth, $400. In 1979, all the way through 1984, have increased; the payroll tax, which from $1 billion to $5 billion. Look at it was $500. Then, in 1985 and 1986, it is increased; the excise tax on prod- this chart to see what happened since was $550. Then it has increased sub- ucts, which has increased several 1990, because now we are talking about stantially every year. In 1990, a person times. Of course, it has increased and it a program that is going to be 30 billion could receive $953. So it basically dou- is starting to level off. dollars plus. Again, I am just talking bled from 1979 to 1990—the maximum The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who about outlays, what the Federal Gov- amount of credit that anybody could yields time? ernment is writing a check for. I am receive for two or more children. Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I rise not talking about a tax credit that Again, keep in mind that 99 percent in opposition to the amendment offered somebody has to reduce their taxes. I of the people who file returns for this by my friends on the other side of the am talking about what the Govern- receive a lump sum payment. So $1,000 aisle because we need to restrain the ment is writing the check for—outlays is not a bad deal. More and more people growth of the earned-income tax cred- where the Government is writing a found out about it and thought, hey, it. I want to make several comments, check. this is a pretty good deal. They can file and I am going to insert several charts These figures are exploding. In 1990, an income tax return even though most and figures into the RECORD. outlays were $5 billion. In 1992, they of these people have income such that I ask unanimous consent that at the doubled and went to $10 billion. By they are not going to pay any Federal conclusion of my statement, these 1995, the outlays went to $20 billion, income tax. Maybe they will pay some charts be printed in the RECORD. and they continue to escalate. In 1997, Social Security tax, but they will file a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without outlays for the EITC will be $23.8 bil- return and get $953. Then more and objection, it is so ordered. lion. Again, I will have these inserted more people became eligible. Congress (See exhibit 1.) into the RECORD. The growth rate for increased eligibility and people became

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 aware that it could be very easily nance Committee, EITC would con- to the desk and ask for its immediate cheated. tinue to grow, but it would grow about consideration. The maximum amount went up dra- $1 billion per year, a little over 3 or 4 I will postpone that. I yield the floor. matically. In 1995, it was $1,511. It went percent per year, whereas under cur- up another 50 percent over that period rent law it continues to grow much EXHIBIT 1 of time. From $953 in 1990; and in 1993, faster than that. $1,511. In 1994, Congress made some Let me give a couple of specific ex- EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT—TWO OR MORE CHILDREN changes in a tax bill that not any Re- amples. As I mentioned, right now Min Max publican voted for. I do not remember under the earned-income tax credit, a Credit Maximum income income Zero Year percent credit for max for max credit anybody saying we are going to in- person with two or more children is credit credit income crease the maximum amount on the in- able to receive $3,110. Under the plan come tax credit from $1,511 to $2,528 in that some of us are proposing, next Historical 1 year. The maximum tax credit went year that person could receive $3,119 from $1,511 to $2,528. In 1995, the max- and that figure would continue to in- 1976 ...... 10.00 $400 $4,000 $4,000 $8,000 imum tax credit is $3,110. In a few crease every year so by the year 2000 a 1977 ...... 10.00 400 4,000 4,000 8,000 1978 ...... 10.00 400 4,000 4,000 8,000 years, we went from less than $1,000 to person with two or more children could 1979 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 $3,110. It has tripled. No wonder the receive $3,560. So, again the maximum 1980 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 1981 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 cost of this program is climbing up out credit allowed would increase every 1982 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 of control. We went from a maximum single year. Granted, it will not in- 1983 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 1984 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 credit for a family with two or more crease as fast as provided under cur- 1985 ...... 11.00 550 5,000 6,500 11,000 children of less than $1,000 to $3,000 in rent law. A person could receive, again, 1986 ...... 11.00 550 5,000 6,500 11,000 1987 ...... 14.00 851 6,080 6,920 15,432 5 years. You can see why there was an lump sum payments under current law 1988 ...... 14.00 874 6,240 9,840 18,576 explosion in cost. from $3,110 in 1995 to over $4,000 by the 1989 ...... 14.00 910 6,500 10,240 19,340 1990 ...... 14.00 953 6,810 10,730 20,264 Unfortunately, there was also an ex- year 2000. We allow the increase to go 1991 ...... 17.30 1,235 7,140 11,250 21,250 plosion in fraud. For my colleagues to from about $3,110 in 1995 to $3,560 by 1992 ...... 18.40 1,384 7,520 11,840 22,370 1993 ...... 19.50 1,511 7,750 12,200 23,049 defend a program that has had this the year 2000. So we have smaller in- 1994 ...... 30.00 2,528 8,425 11,000 25,296 kind of fraud and error rate I think is creases. 1995 ...... 36.00 3,110 8,640 11,290 26,673 unbelievable. I am just looking at a The current law says let us take it up GAO study that was given to the Sen- to $4,000. Again, keep in mind most Current Law ate in March 1995. It says, ‘‘The most people are receiving this as a lump sum recent taxpayer compliance measure- payment. I think that is a great incen- 1996 ...... 40.00 3,564 8,910 11,630 28,553 1997 ...... 40.00 3,680 9,200 12,010 29,484 ment program shows that about 42 per- tive for fraud. If you cheat on your tax 1998 ...... 40.00 3,804 9,510 12,420 30,483 cent of EIC recipients receive too large return, not only do you reduce your 1999 ...... 40.00 3,936 9,840 12,840 31,529 a credit and 32 percent were not able to taxes, which is what happens in most 2000 ...... 40.00 4,068 10,170 13,280 32,596 show they were entitled to any credit.’’ cases, but Uncle Sam is going to write Think of that, 32 percent of those you a check. Right now the check is Senate GOP Proposals surveyed could not show that they are $3,110. We found a lot of fraud when 1996 ...... 35.00 3,119 8,910 11,630 27,720 entitled to receive any credit. One- people were getting just $953. What are 1997 ...... 35.00 3,220 9,200 12,010 28,634 third of the beneficiaries were not able they going to do when they can get 1998 ...... 35.00 3,329 9,510 12,420 29,504 1999 ...... 35.00 3,444 9,840 12,840 30,620 to show that they were entitled to any $4,000? So we think we need to curb this 2000 ...... 35.00 3,560 10,170 13,280 31,656 credit? And we are expanding it on this abuse. We need to eliminate the fraud. kind of scale? People can receive $3,100 Provided by Senator Don Nickles, 05/18/95. We need to slow, not expand, this pro- Source: Joint Committee on Taxation. and one-third could not even defend gram. We did not even freeze the pro- that they were entitled to receive it gram. Maybe we should have. EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT—ONE CHILD and 42 percent showed an error? Maybe A program this fraudulent probably some of those errors were small, maybe should have been frozen. We did not do Min Max Credit Maximum income income Phase- some of them were large, maybe some that. Actually, if you had frozen the Year out percent credit for max for max income of them were intentional, maybe some program for 7 years I think you save credit credit of them were not, but about 34 percent $50 billion. We did not do that. We just 1976 ...... 10.00 $400 $4,000 $4,000 $8,000 of EIC paid out was awarded erro- slowed the rate of growth. For my col- 1977 ...... 10.00 400 4,000 4,000 8,000 1978 ...... 10.00 400 4,000 4,000 8,000 neously. leagues to insinuate that is a tax in- 1979 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 Mr. President, 34 percent was award- crease on the working poor, I beg to 1980 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 1981 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 ed erroneously? Wow, think of that. We differ. I think that is totally false. 1982 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 are talking about a program that is If we are ever, ever going to balance 1983 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 1984 ...... 10.00 500 5,000 6,000 10,000 bigger than AFDC, a program that is the budget, we have to curtail the 1985 ...... 11.00 550 5,000 6,500 11,000 growing at this kind of rate, and it has growth of programs that are growing a 1986 ...... 11.00 550 5,000 6,500 11,000 1987 ...... 14.00 851 6,080 6,920 15,432 that kind of fraud and error rate. lot more rapidly than inflation. I have 1988 ...... 14.00 874 6,240 9,840 18,576 What are these radical Republican already given the figures of the rapid 1989 ...... 14.00 910 6,500 10,240 19,340 1990 ...... 14.00 953 6,810 10,730 20,264 proposals that I keep hearing about cost of this program. We are trying to 1991 ...... 16.70 1,192 7,140 11,250 21,250 that we are taxing working poor? That constrain it in our proposal. If we allow 1992 ...... 17.60 1,324 7,520 11,840 22,370 1993 ...... 18.50 1,434 7,750 12,200 23,054 is false. I just totally deny that accusa- Uncle Sam to continue writing checks 1994 ...... 26.30 2,038 7,750 11,000 23,755 tion. That irritates me. What we are that grow from $953 in 1990 to $3,110 in 1995 ...... 34.00 2,094 6,160 11,290 24,396 trying to do is stem the tide of a pro- 1995 to $4,000 in 2000, this program will gram that is totally out of control. Re- not be contained. These numbers will Current Law publicans think we should control it. continue to climb off the charts and we As my colleagues know, we are not will have deficit spending. Not only 1996 ...... 34.00 2,156 6,340 11,630 25,119 1997 ...... 34.00 2,227 6,550 12,010 25,946 passing tax law on the floor of the Sen- will we continue to have deficit spend- 1998 ...... 34.00 2,305 6,780 12,420 26,846 ate. We are not rewriting the program. ing but we are going to find that too 1999 ...... 34.00 2,383 7,010 12,840 27,755 We are saying we have a program that many people are eligible for this pro- 2000 ...... 34.00 2,462 7,240 13,280 28,584 is out of control and we ought to con- gram—I have read in one case where 30 tain its growth. to 40-some-odd percent of the District Senate GOP Proposals Under the Republican package, let of Columbia is now eligible for this 1996 ...... 30.15 2,156 7,150 11,630 25,120 me mention, the total cost of this pro- program. 1997 ...... 30.15 2,225 7,380 12,010 25,934 gram grows from $25 billion in 1995 to You are going to continue to have 1998 ...... 30.15 2,300 7,630 12,420 26,816 1999 ...... 30.15 2,379 7,890 12,840 27,726 $28 billion in 1996. It continues to grow rampant, rampant abuse, I am afraid, 2000 ...... 30.15 2,460 8,160 13,280 28,676 about $1 billion a year to $32 billion by because the dollars are so large. And the year 2002. In other words, under the that would be a serious mistake. So I Provided by Senator Don Nickles, 05/18/95. Source: Joint Committee on Taxation. proposal we are suggesting to the Fi- will send a second degree amendment

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7147 IMPACT OF REFORMING THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT IMPACT OF REFORMING THE EARNED INCOME TAX Source: CBO and Senate Budget Committee majority staff (billions of dol- lars). CREDIT—Continued 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total EITC baseline (CBO) ...... 28 30 31 32 34 35 36 226 EITC baseline after EITC reforms...... (0) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (21) reforms ...... 28 26 28 29 30 31 32 204 Provided by Senator Don Nickles, 05/18/95. EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT

Revenue Number of Year Total cost Percent Outlay cost Percent cost Percent family Percent Average Percent (billions) growth (billions) growth (billions) growth beneficiaries growth credit growth

1975 ...... 1.3 ...... 0.9 ...... 0.4 ...... 6,215,000 ...... $201 ...... 1976 ...... 1.3 4 0.9 ¥1 0.4 16 6,473,000 4 200 0 1977 ...... 1.1 ¥13 0.9 ¥1 0.2 ¥39 5,627,000 ¥13 200 0 1978 ...... 1.0 ¥7 0.8 ¥9 0.2 0 5,192,000 ¥8 202 1 1979 ...... 2.1 96 1.4 74 0.7 166 7,135,000 37 288 43 1980 ...... 2.0 ¥3 1.4 ¥2 0.6 ¥6 6,954,000 ¥3 286 ¥1 1981 ...... 1.9 ¥4 1.3 ¥7 0.6 3 6,717,000 ¥3 285 0 1982 ...... 1.8 ¥7 1.2 ¥4 0.6 ¥13 6,395,000 ¥5 278 ¥2 1983 ...... 1.8 1 1.3 5 0.5 ¥8 7,368,000 15 224 ¥19 1984 ...... 1.6 ¥9 1.2 ¥10 0.5 ¥6 6,376,000 ¥13 257 15 1985 ...... 2.1 27 1.5 29 0.6 24 7,432,000 17 281 9 1986 ...... 2.0 ¥4 1.5 ¥1 0.5 ¥10 7,156,000 ¥4 281 0 1987 ...... 3.9 96 2.9 98 1.0 89 8,738,000 22 450 60 1988 ...... 5.9 50 4.3 45 1.6 64 11,148,000 28 529 18 1989 ...... 6.6 12 4.6 9 2.0 20 11,696,000 5 564 7 1990 ...... 6.9 5 5.3 14 1.6 ¥17 12,612,000 8 549 ¥3 1991 ...... 11.1 60 8.2 55 2.9 78 13,700,000 9 813 48 1992 ...... 13.0 17 10.0 22 3.0 3 14,100,000 3 924 14 1993 ...... 15.6 20 12.1 21 3.5 17 15,200,000 8 1,027 11 1994 ...... 21.8 40 17.2 42 4.6 31 19,500,000 28 1,118 9 1995 ...... 25.3 16 20.3 18 5.0 9 19,800,000 2 1,283 15 1996 ...... 28.4 12 22.9 13 5.5 10 20,200,000 2 1,407 10 1997 ...... 29.6 4 23.8 4 5.8 5 20,400,000 1 1,452 3 1998 ...... 30.9 4 24.9 5 6.0 3 20,600,000 1 1,501 3 1999 ...... 32.2 4 26.0 4 6.2 3 20,800,000 1 1,548 3 2000 ...... 33.5 4 27.0 4 6.5 5 21,000,000 1 1,593 3 2001 ...... 34.8 4 28.0 4 6.8 5 21,200,000 1 1,639 3 2002 ...... 36.2 4 29.1 4 7.1 4 21,400,000 1 1,687 3 Provided by Senator Don Nickles, 05/18/95. Source: CBO.

Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I rise in families with one child at $23,755, and at the expense of a constituency that strong support for the amendment of- workers with no children at $9,000. rarely votes—the working poor. fered by the distinguished Senator In my home State of Vermont, the Cutting the earned income tax credit from New Jersey. This amendment earned income tax credit has been a big and raising taxes on the working poor makes sense. It restores $21 billion in success making work pay for low-in- is exactly the wrong thing to do now. cuts over the next 7 years in the earned come workers. Unfortunately, we are suffering income tax credit in the Senate Repub- In 1993, 25,279 working Vermonters through an era of stagnant wage lican budget resolution. Like their cuts benefited from the earned income tax growth. Just last month, the Depart- in Medicare and education, the Repub- credit. Under the Senate Republican ment of Labor reported that median lican’s cuts in this tax credit are short- budget resolution, however, the earned weekly earnings of nonsupervisory sighted and wrong. income tax credit in Vermont would be workers rose just 1.9 percent over the At a time when many working Amer- cut by $29 million over the next 7 past year. While at the same time, con- icans are struggling to make ends years. The Treasury Department esti- sumer prices rose 2.8 percent. meet, the Senate Republican budget mates this cut would increase taxes on And last year just continued the los- plan would hike taxes on low-income 20,156 working Vermonters by an aver- ing trend of the 1980’s. During the workers by as much as $350 a year. It age of $1,433 per taxpayer over the next 1980’s, the gap between the rich and would repeal the final phase of the 7 years. poor grew faster in the United States Some of my colleagues on the other than anywhere else in the Western earned income tax credit expansion en- side of the aisle claim that these cuts world. According to an April 1995 study acted as part of the 1993 budget act, are necessary because of some fraudu- by Prof. Edward Wolff of New York and it would repeal the earned income lent claims involving the earned in- University, three-quarters of the in- tax credit for workers without a child come tax credit. But that argument is come gains during the 1980’s and 100 I do not understand the desire to cut more than a little disingenuous. percent of the increased wealth went to the earned income tax credit. Ronald An IRS study has found some error the top 20 percent of families. The re- Reagan, a President that I did not al- rates in the credit, but the Clinton ad- maining 80 percent of U.S. families lost ways agree with, had it right when it ministration has responded aggres- in real wage power. came to the earned income tax credit. sively to address this problem. Specifi- Workers are treading water or worse President Reagan called the earned in- cally, the administration has developed against the rising tide of inflation. come tax credit: ‘‘the best antipoverty, 12 measures to ensure simplicity and Now is not the time to cut a tax credit the best pro-family, the best job-cre- verifiability of the earned income tax that rewards the poor for working, In- ation measure to come out of Con- credit. And the IRS is now matching stead, I urge my colleagues to support gress.’’ social security numbers with tax re- this amendment to restore the earned President Reagan was right. This tax turns to further verify credit takers. income tax credit. credit does reward low-income Ameri- The Senate Republican budget reso- Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, I rise in cans for working. It makes a huge dif- lution, however, contains only one of support of the amendment offered by ference for families struggling to pay the administration’s antifraud pro- Senator BRADLEY to restore funding for the rent and buy food for their kids. posals. Instead of adopting the admin- the earned income tax credit. The The tax credit is available to low-in- istration’s antifraud proposals or other Bradley amendment would restore the come workers only. If you do not work, antifraud measures, this budget resolu- EITC by redirecting $16.9 billion of the you do not get the credit. The credit tion simply cuts the tax credit. In fact, proposed $170 billion budget surplus to starts phasing out at $11,000 for fami- this budget resolution cuts the earned working lower income Americans. Sim- lies with children and at $5,000 for income tax credit by $21 billion over ply stated, the Bradley amendment of- workers without children. It ends for the next 7 years because it’s a quick fers a clear choice to the Members of families with two children at $25,296, way to collect budget-cutting dollars this body: We can impose a $16.9 billion

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 tax increase on working Americans or cratic Congresses to develop and ex- make a down payment on a home. They we can ask well-to-do people to bear pand the EITC. I hope that this Con- also have used it to pay property taxes some portion of the economic sacrifice gress will continue that bipartisan and homeowners insurance. Another necessary to restore our Nation’s eco- spirit. year, it covered glasses for their daugh- nomic vitality. Mr. President, we are at an impor- ter, and a new bed for their son. The Mr. President, tax expenditures are tant crossroad in our history. We in McCumbers family is like many of our one of the fastest growing items in the Government have finally heard the neighbors next door. Parents who work Federal budget. Over the next 7 years, message of the American people: That hard, but struggle to pay the bills each the U.S. Government will spend in ex- it is time to put our fiscal house in month. cess of $4 trillion—that’s right, tril- order. We must now decide whether we Let me tell you about another West lion—on tax writeoffs, loopholes, and share the burdens that confront us Virginia family that relies on the hidden breaks. And while there are equally or whether we exacerbate the EITC—the Helmicks of New Milton. He some tax expenditures that help growing disparities that exist within works full-time driving a truck for middle- and lower-income Americans, our society. I believe that the Bradley Mountain View Construction. She is a most of our tax expenditures end up amendment is a step in the right direc- full-time homemaker caring for six benefiting the upper end of the eco- tion. Senator BRADLEY’S amendment is children, ranging in age from their 15- nomic ladder. a fair and reasonable proposal that year-old twins to a 4-year old. The first The budget before us today does not helps working Americans. I therefore time this family used the EITC was touch tax benefits for the wealthy and urge my colleagues—on both sides of when the twins were born and they powerful. We all know that situation the asile—to support his amendment. I needed extra baby furniture and twice exists because the special interests yield back the balance of my time. as many supplies. Over the years, the that benefit from our current tax Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I EITC has helped the family buy a used scheme have both the resources and rise in strong support of the earned in- truck to ensure Mr. Helmick had reli- ability to protect their advantages. On come tax credit [EITC], and Senator able transportation for work. It has the other hand, Americans who rely on BRADLEY’s amendment to rescue one of helped them paint their home, put a the EITC are too busy working—or this country’s clearest incentives and concrete floor in their basement, and worrying about their childrens’ health rewards for hard-working families. even put up a home basketball court so or education—or struggling to make We are forced to offer this amend- they could keep their teenagers close ends meet in these challenging and dif- ment to fix one of the worst parts of to home. ficult times—to know that the Con- the budget offered by the other side of gress is about to hit them with a hid- the aisle. Believe it or not, the archi- Hard working families like the den tax increase. Because that is just tects of this budget are trying to can- McCumbers and the Helmicks deserve what a reduction in the ETIC is—a tax cel tax relief for the families in this our admiration and support. We should increase. country struggling every day to make not pull the rug out from under them Mr. President, the EITC provides a ends meet so the funds—$21 billion in and their children by eliminating the tangible economic incentive to lower all—can be redirected to households tax relief promised to them. And we income Americans to work for a living. and corporations in the upper tiers. certainly should not take tax relief In my own State of Wisconsin, 2,294,126 They justify their attack on tax re- away from hard working people who returns were filed for the 1993 tax year. lief for working families by claiming are struggling in order to give a bonus Of this total, 189,831 returns contained that the credit—the EITC—is growing to wealthy Americans. That’s what earned income tax credit refunds, and a out of control. That is totally mis- this budget resolution proposes to do, total of $182,548,000 in EITC refunds leading, and deliberately so. Yes, the believe it or not. That’s why we should were paid to Wisconsin citizens. The EITC is growing. That’s because an pass the Bradley amendment, and re- average refund in Wisconsin was economic and deficit reduction plan en- ject an idea as dumb and unfair as rob- $961.63. Now that might not sound like acted in 1993 included an initiative to bing struggling families to give some- a lot of money to some people from increase this tax credit for very logical thing more to the well off. other parts of the country—or even to reasons. There is nothing to hide or If the proponents of the Republican some in this Chamber. But make no apologize for. Those of us who voted for budget get their way on the EITC, it mistake about it, to the Wisconsin tax- that budget, with $600 billion in deficit will mean that more than 80,000 West payers who qualified for those refunds, reduction and many cuts in spending, Virginia families will lose about $1,494 they made the difference between work put our priority on hard working over the next 7 years that they would and welfare; between hard work and a Americans who are working to make have gotten for playing by the rules hand-out; and between self-worth and ends meet and raise their children. We and doing something called work. That self-doubt. wanted the EITC to grow because of its would renege on a promise to 12 million Mr. President, I also recognize that fundamental role in helping parents families in West Virginia and across few things in this world are perfect, who are teetering on the economic edge our country. and that includes the earned income to be able to choose work over welfare, tax credit. As a number of my col- independence over dependence, dignity I urge my colleague to support the leagues have correctly observed, there over the indignities of the welfare sys- Bradley amendment and the men and are deficiencies in the current adminis- tem. women who work hard every day, tration of this credit. In particular, I am proud of my vote to expand the struggling to provide for themselves Senators have identified problems as- EITC because it is needed tax relief for and their children. sociated with electronically filed tax more than 100,000 West Virginia fami- The other side wants to focus on all returns that contain EITC claims. And lies. That may be another statistic, but the excuses for backing away from a while there is some disagreement over it stands for real people and families policy of rewarding work and discour- the severity of the problems, it is clear across my State working as hard as aging welfare. They talk about error to all concerned that remedial action they can to make it each day. rates, fraud, other problems. Where is required. The choice that we face The McCumbers of Frametown, WV, these problems need to be fixed, let’s today is whether we will retain the count on the EITC to make ends meet. fix them. Let’s not hide behind excuses EITC and effect bipartisan reforms or She works full-time as a receptionist to walk away from families who de- whether we will drastically reduce one at the Mountaineer Food Bank, and her serve every reward possible in a coun- of the few tax expenditures that helps husband works full-time as a mainte- try that says it values work and chil- working class Americans. nance worker. They have two children, dren above all. The McCumbers and the I would urge my colleagues to con- ages 8 and 10. For the past 4 years, the Helmicks are my guidepost in this de- tinue the bipartisan approach that has McCumbers have gotten tax relief bate. They should serve as a reminder been the hallmark of the EITC. My col- thanks to the EITC. And let me tell to every one of my colleagues that a leagues may recall that Presidents you how they used that money. Three growing EITC is exactly where our pri- Reagan and Bush worked with Demo- years ago, their EITC helped them orities should be.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7149 OPPOSING CUTS TO THE EARNED INCOME TAX ends meet, and avoid welfare? What Concurrent Resolution on the Budget, CREDIT AND THE REPEAL OF THE DAVIS-BACON message are we sending to America’s is in the process of considering many ACT working men and women? The last necessary spending reductions to Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, as we thing we need is a budget that raises achieve a balanced budget by the year continue to debate the budget resolu- the income taxes on Americans who 2002. There is a consensus in the Sen- tion, I am concerned about Republican are committed to work, rather than ate—on both sides of the aisle—on the spending proposals that will balance collecting welfare. need to balance the budget, and this the budget on the backs of children, To add insult to injury, the Repub- Senator is committed to eliminating middle-class families, the working lican budget proposal cuts job training the Federal deficit. However, as ex- poor, and the Nation’s veterans. The assistance by 25 percent. This cut will pected, there exists much less una- more I study it, the more I realize that make it more difficult for our youth the majority’s budget resolution will and adults to receive the technical nimity on the appropriate spending be a very bitter pill for hard-working training and job assistance necessary cuts for reaching the goal of a balanced American families to swallow. The to gain employment in a technology- budget. budget resolution preserves special in- driven, global marketplace. Without As approved by the Budget Com- terest tax loopholes and other forms of job training and education programs, mittee, the Budget Resolution would corporate welfare. The wealthy will displaced, first-time, and entry-level reduce funding for the earned income continue to receive billions of dollars workers will be relegated to low-wage, tax credit (EITC) by $21 billion over the low-skill service sector jobs with no in tax breaks and the proposed budget next 7 years. Senator BRADLEY has pro- promises an additional $175 billion in chance for economic or educational ad- posed an amendment to the Budget vancement. Has any consideration been future tax relief. Resolution that would restore $16.9 bil- The most troubling feature of the Re- given to the impact of a 25-percent cut lion in funding for the EITC. Senator publican budget proposal is the $21 bil- in job education and training on long- BRADLEY would fund this restoration of lion cut in the earned income tax cred- term productivity and prosperity or on the EITC with money earmarked by it. During the past decade, working blue-collar families and their commu- the Budget Committee for a future tax families suffered a slow, steady erosion nities? I don’t think so. These cuts will in their standard of living. Families deprive workers of educational oppor- cut. In essence, Senator BRADLEY’s simply had to work harder and longer tunities which could increase their amendment seeks to repeal a tax in- to make ends meet. Despite their hard earning power and productivity, along crease on America’s working, low-in- work and long hours, the number of with the productivity and prosperity of come families by reducing a future tax working poor families and individuals businesses and the country. A rising cut that—if similar to the House- living at or below the poverty line con- tide lifts all boats, but only if the boats passed tax-cut measure—would pri- tinues to grow. are seaworthy. marily benefit upper-income families. The most effective way to improve Mr. President, the budget plan also A future tax cut is promised in the the economic well-being of the middle calls for the repeal of the Davis-Bacon Budget Resolution if the ‘‘fiscal divi- class and working poor is to promote Act. Repeal of Davis-Bacon would jeop- dend’’ from deficit reduction is scored policies that reward work and lessen ardize the provision of fair, prevailing by the Congressional Budget Office. dependency. That is why the earned in- wages and labor standards on construc- tion projects. For over six decades, the Mr. President, it is important that come tax credit was established. The the Senate consider the primary bene- earned income tax credit helps parents Davis-Bacon Act has assured local con- struction workers and contractors a ficiaries of the EITC, which is a refund- in low-income families remain in the able Federal income tax credit created work force. It also acts as a safety net fair opportunity to bid competitively in 1975 to supplement the earnings of for middle-class families confronted on Federal construction projects. I be- low-income workers. The EITC pri- with a sudden loss of income. lieve dismantling the act would ad- Despite long-standing bipartisan sup- versely impact local workers and con- marily benefits low-income, working port for policies that make work pay, tractors, and as a consequence, reduce families—those with incomes below the majority budget resolution would the quality of construction on Federal $28,000—with one or more children. In cut the earned income tax credit by $21 projects. light of the upcoming debate on wel- In addition, Davis-Bacon ensures billion over 7 years. Congress recently fare reform, can we in the United that workers on low-skill, low-wage expanded the earned income tax credit States Senate expect to provide viable jobs can participate in training pro- to lift a family of four with a full-time alternatives for families receiving wel- grams to improve their skills and fare benefits if we do not reward work working parent to a level at least equal qualifications for better paying posi- to the poverty line. The Republican for low-income families? The EITC tions. Repeal of the law would remove does exactly that. It rewards work. budget proposal abandons this policy. most incentives for contractors to pro- Their proposed cut in the earned in- vide these workers such training oppor- Critics of the EITC have pointed out come tax credit would increase Federal tunities. that the program is subject to fraud income taxes on millions of low-income Programs and agencies that promote and that it is too expensive. In re- working families with children. Under safe and healthy working conditions sponse to these and other concerns, the majority proposal, the Treasury and procedures also face drastic cuts. President Clinton included two legisla- Department estimates that 7.8 million The Occupational Health and Safety tive proposals in his Fiscal Year 1996 working families with more than one Administration and other workplace Budget that seek to reduce the cost of child will see their earned income tax safety agencies face a 50-percent reduc- the EITC. First, the President proposed credit reduced by $270. A working fam- tion in funds which are necessary to denying the tax credit to otherwise eli- ily with two children earning $20,000 ensure a safe working environment for gible recipients if they have substan- would see a $290 reduction in their working men and women. tial investment income. Earlier this credit. Mr. President, the Republican budget year, the Senate approved and the Mr. President, only $1 billion of this dismantles the safety net for millions President signed legislation (Public $21 billion cut would result from the of working Americans and eliminates adoption of the Clinton administration or cuts programs that are investments Law 104–7) that addressed this problem. proposal to deny the earned income tax for a brighter, more competitive, and Secondly, the President proposed re- credit to undocumented workers and prosperous future for American fami- quiring a valid Social Security number implement procedures to reduce errors lies and our country. It is nothing for all EITC recipients. The Budget and fraud in the program. The remain- more than a promise of a golden para- Resolution includes the President’s ing $20 billion cut represents a tax in- chute for our wealthy. proposal and I support it. I do not sup- crease for millions of working families, TARGETING THE POOR UNDER THE GOP BUDGET port, however, the tradeoff proposed in many of which live just above the pov- RESOLUTION the Budget Resolution that cuts the erty level. Why raise taxes on individ- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, the Sen- EITC over the next 7 years to pay for a uals who are struggling to work, make ate, in debate on the Fiscal Year 1996 future tax reduction for the wealthiest

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 in our society. It is interesting, even fact, it took the press a few days to chose to continue working, like mil- tendentious, that the only tax expendi- pick up the fact that there was a $170 lions of Americans have done and thou- ture targeted by the Republican Budg- billion earmark in this budget proposal sands of Nevadans have done—to con- et Resolution is a program that bene- that could only go to the Finance Com- tinue working rather than going on fits our Nation’s low-income, working mittee and could only be used for tax welfare. That was the purpose of this families. The Joint Committee on Tax- cuts. This is not a fiscally sensible pol- program. It is working well. ation estimates the total cost of the icy and it is not morally right either. I conclude by saying that these three more than 120 tax expenditures to be There has been some talk about people are just a few of the thousands $453.0 billion for Fiscal Year 1995. The fraud. It is really too bad we are talk- in Nevada of hard-working people who EITC, by comparison, will cost approxi- ing about fraud as it relates to the would rather work and support their mately $18.6 billion this year. poorest people who benefit from our families than go on welfare. Mr. President, the Administration tax policies. Why are we picking on This is an example of three people in has estimated that a total of 12,200,000 people who are working, making under Nevada who are representative of tens working taxpayers in the United States $28,000 a year? of millions of people in America who receive benefits from the EITC. In West I think we should make sure there is are now working instead of being on Virginia alone, an estimated 101,229 no fraud or abuse in this program. welfare. We need to continue this pro- families received approximately There is no question about it. But why gram. $99,323,000 in EITC benefits in 1994. do we not look at some of the other For me, this illustration represents That represents 14.6 percent of all West problems we have. They are too numer- the difference of philosophy between Virginia tax filers. As an elected rep- ous to mention, but let me talk about this side of the aisle and those on the resentative of the people of West Vir- 73 percent of foreign corporations who other side of the aisle. We do not live ginia, I support the Bradley amend- do business in America that pay no in a Darwinian society. We cannot ex- ment because it seeks to repeal the ef- taxes—none. We are losing tens of bil- pect all Americans to succeed and fective tax increase on low-income lions of dollars a year because they are make millions, like Bill Gates in the working families by reducing the Re- not paying their fair share. Why do we computer business or Forrest Mars in publican-promised tax cut for the not talk about doing something about the candy business. They are good, wealthiest in our society. that? there is no question about it. I applaud The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who I think it is important we talk about them for being entrepreneurial billion- yields the floor? policies and how they affect individual aires. But they were also a little lucky. Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, how human beings. We talk about numbers Not everyone can be like them. We can- much time is remaining on my time? but they become just statistics. What The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not expect everyone to be like Bill would this do to people in the State of ator has 12 minutes. Gates or Forrest Mars. But we can ex- Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I yield Nevada? Let us take, for example, a pect everybody to continue to try. 7 minutes to the distinguished Senator woman by the name of Denise That is what earned income is all from Nevada. Mayfield. She is a single mother with about. On the other side of the aisle, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- four children. She lives in Las Vegas. they lecture about the need to elimi- ator from Nevada is recognized for 7 She began working at a program called nate handouts. What we do is do some- minutes. Head Start in Las Vegas in 1985 as a thing to eliminate handouts. Mr. REID. Mr. President, the Budget teacher’s aid at the lowest possible sal- Mr. President, earned income reflects Committee’s mark would in effect raise ary, minimum wage. the Democratic philosophy because it taxes by some $21 billion for people She is now director of that program. involves giving a hand-up, not a hand who make less than $28,000 a year. That Before she worked at Head Start she out. is a fact. About 7.8 million people who worked at the YWCA, and received wel- It is unfair to raise taxes on 12 mil- would benefit from this program, and fare—Aid to Families With Dependent lion hard-working Americans, and that their children, would be affected. Fam- Children. This year, 1994, she received is what this budget proposal would do. ilies with two or more children would an earned-income tax credit of $1,530. I think this amendment should be be the hardest hit by the proposal that She used this money to buy a wash- adopted in a bipartisan fashion. is coming from the other side of the ing machine for her family and clothes Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, how aisle. Under the Budget Committee for her four children. That does not much time remains? mark that we received, this would re- sound too unreasonable to me. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sult in a tax increase for over 12 mil- Kanna White is a single mother, has ator from New Jersey has 41⁄2 minutes lion Americans. one daughter, and also lives in Las left. As the senior Senator of Nevada, I Vegas, is going to school, has a full- Mr. BRADLEY. I ask the distin- am concerned what effect this tax in- time job, and she is working toward a guished Senator from Oklahoma, is it crease would have on the State of Ne- degree in child development. She re- his intention to offer the amendment vada. The increase in taxes would af- ceived $1,000 this year in earned in- at the conclusion of all time on this fect almost 100,000 people who live in come. She is using some of this money amendment? the State of Nevada. Nevada is a State to pay for summer day care services. Mr. NICKLES. The Senator is cor- whose large numbers of people are em- This earned income allows her to pay rect. ployed in the service industry. It would her bills on time and to do things that Mr. BRADLEY. At which point there have a tremendous impact on them. her daughter can now do that other would be, under the rules, an hour of Over the next 7 years, these families families take for granted. debate on the second-degree amend- in Nevada can expect to pay over $100 Kyle Estrada lives in Henderson, NV, ment; is that correct? billion more in taxes because of this and has three young children. She The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. policy. This results in a tax of about teaches parenting skills and job prepa- INHOFE). That is correct. $1,500 more per family. It would in- ration skills at the Head Start Pro- Mr. BRADLEY. It does pertain to the crease the taxes of families with chil- gram. She has health coverage for her- earned income tax credit? dren, it would result in a dramatic in- self, but like many Americans, is Mr. NICKLES. That is correct. crease in annual taxes of $250. underinsured. She has no insurance for Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, other This tax increase is being carried out her children. She has three. She re- speakers will be able to speak in that for one purpose. That is to produce the ceived a $1,300 earned income tax credit half hour. I would simply like to make crown jewel in the so called Contract in 1994. She has used this money to a few points in the remaining minutes With America. An enormous tax break cover her rent. This program, she said, we have before this amendment will for the wealthiest of this country cour- has kept her off welfare. How much come to the point of second degree. tesy of an enormous tax increase on money did she get from the earned in- First, the argument that we are hav- working Americans. come tax credit? She got $1300. She ing is that there is an explosion in this In the budget proposal we are now de- would get this much perhaps in 2 program, that this program has ex- bating, the tax cut is camouflaged. In months if she went on AFDC. But she ploded, says the opponent of this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7151 amendment. Do you know why it has children, as well as adults, and on and little less under our proposal. They will exploded? It has exploded because in on. be more than last year, but they will 1975, if you earned over $8,000, you We have made major steps to correct not continue to grow at this could not get this benefit. You could this. This is not the time to increase unaffordable rate. We cannot afford not get any tax relief from this. Now taxes on working families. this. Our Government cannot afford it. you can earn up to $28,000. There are I am really surprised that that is the And again I was surprised to find millions more Americans that are now position, inconsistent as it is with the that the cost of this program now ex- eligible for this tax cut. There are mil- espousal of the other insight. ceeds the Aid to Families with Depend- lions of Americans eligible for the tax The PRESIDING OFFICER. All of ent Children, the largest cash welfare cut. And, indeed, we have broadened it, the time of the proponents has expired. benefit program in our Nation’s his- as the distinguished Senator from Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, how tory. Oklahoma has pointed out, from a few much time remains? The earned-income tax credit is a hundred dollars in the mid-1980’s to The PRESIDING OFFICER. There great name, but it does not fit this pro- $2,500 today, heading up to $3,000. are 31 minutes remaining. gram. This is a negative income tax So it is a bigger tax cut. So lo and be- Mr. NICKLES. It will be my inten- program. I have heard my colleagues hold, a ray of insight, a stroke of wis- tion to yield the balance of my time as say this affects anybody who makes dom; if you give a bigger tax cut to soon as we have our amendment ready. under $26,000—I will put tables in the more people, it will cost more money. I continue to hear the proponents of RECORD on this subject. In 1995, the fig- That is the explosion that the Senator this amendment say that our efforts to ure is $26,673. That is the maximum is talking about. I thought giving tax reduce the growth rate of EITC is a tax amount of income you can make and cuts was a good idea. That is all we increase on working poor. I want to say still receive some EITC. But that fig- have heard from the other side. We that is flatly wrong. Eighty percent of ure increases. Under current law, by want a tax cut, a tax cut, a tax cut. the money in this program is going to the year 2000, you can receive EITC if Here is a tax cut. But no. For families people in lump sum, cash payments. you make up to $32,596. Under the so- earning under $28,000 a year, we want a My friend from Nevada gave some ex- called radical assumptions in this tax increase. Oh no, no, no, they say. cellent examples of people who quali- budget, you can receive EITC if you They do not pay any income tax. fied for the credit. I heard him say that make up to $31,656. Just for the record, 48 percent of the one person received $1,000, and another So the EITC still goes to the same people who receive the earned income received $1,200. Under the assumptions people, but we just have just slowed credit with children pay income tax; in this budget resolution, they could the growth of the maximum credit just for the record, the facts. But that receive more than they received last amount. is not the point. The point is the year. What we have done, in my opinion, is earned income credit is meant to offset Let me repeat that. Under our pro- respond to the studies of GAO. I heard not only income tax but other taxes, posal, they could receive more than my colleague say it was an old study. such as Social Security tax, and also they received last year. No one’s pay- The IRS in 1994, in a 2-week study on the loss of certain benefits as you earn ment, if they received an earned in- electronic returns, said that 29 percent more money so that you are not pushed come tax credit and their income was of those audited received too much farther down the ladder. the same, would be less. We did not roll earned income credit. That is a total of So the fact of the matter is that this back the program. We did not lower the $358 million. They said 13 percent were is a significant tax cut. It offsets not credit or income eligibility amounts. judged to have intentional errors, out- only income tax, if you pay income Again, here are the growth rates of right fraud. That was $183 million. tax, and 48 percent of the families with this program, and it has exploded. For That was just a short, little 2-week children who are eligible for this do, its first 10 years, the EITC cost less study. In 1988, another tax compliance but it offsets the Social Security tax. than $2 or $3 billion. Now the program measure showed that 42 percent of That is the cruelest tax on families, has outlays of over $20 billion in the EITC recipients received too large a and it offsets the loss of certain bene- last few years. Even under our pro- credit and 32 percent were not able to fits as you earn more income going up posal, it continues to increase about $1 show they were entitled to any credit. the scale. billion per year. That was when the program was much So there is no dispute that under the Granted, that is about a 3-percent smaller, and that was when the incen- proposal before us on the other side, growth instead of a growth rate that tives to cheat were much less. Now we that families earning under $28,000 a was at 20 and 40 and 55 and 60 percent. have tripled the amount of money that year will pay more in taxes. They will So it grows a lot more slowly. individuals can receive. Now people pay more on the Social Security taxes I am putting all these tables into the have found out that you can get a big that they do not have offset with this, RECORD. People right now, in 1995, can check if you make $12,000—and it does or they will pay more in income taxes. receive a $3,110 lump sum; 99 percent of not make any difference if you made Let us make a point about the Sen- the people who qualify for this receive $12,000 working 40 hours a week or if ator’s data. ‘‘Oh, what a terrible error the benefit in a lump sum. you made $12,000 working 100 hours a rate; oh, what a terrible fraud, a Now, my colleagues call this a tax in- year. Maybe for some reason you are waste.’’ Of course, all of his numbers crease, even though next year we would working part time, whatever. You can are from 1988. Well, a few things have give them slightly more $3,110. We say qualify for this benefit and be able to happened since 1988 that tightened this next year the maximum amount under receive $3,110 dollars. And when people program up. In fact, many things have our proposal would be more than that find that out, there is a lot of incentive happened since 1988. but it would be only slightly more than to cheat a little bit. In the past people For example, we repealed the supple- that. My colleagues on the other side cheated to reduce their tax liability, mental credit for health insurance. We say, well, wait a minute, next year we and now we find that people have other repealed the supplemental credit for want to increase that to $3,500, and in incentives; if you cheat a little bit children under the age of 1. We denied a few years we want to take it to $4,000. now, we are going to give you a check, it to nonresident aliens. We denied it We are saying that, no, we are going to and the check is not just a few hundred to anybody who is a prisoner. We re- be more conservative; we are going to dollars as this program used to be. It is quired a taxpayer identification num- increase it to $3,560. So instead of giv- not just $953 as it was in 1990. Now it is ber. The Department of Defense is re- ing somebody $4,000, we are going to $3,110 and growing to $4,068. quired to report both the IRS and the say we will give you $3,560. Every year We think that is too rapid a growth. military personnel nontaxable earned we are going to give you more than We think this program is too fraudu- income credit paid. last year under our proposal, but our lent. We think we should curtail the We also said if you have investment colleagues are calling this a tax in- growth of that program. I tell my col- income over $2,500 you do not get it. crease. league from New Jersey, I will share We said that now you have to have a I disagree. The handouts will be a lit- with him a copy of the second-degree Social Security number provided for tle less. The cash payments will be a amendment I have. We are trying to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 make sure it conforms with his amend- Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator asked we find ourselves with a new responsi- ment, and I will give that to him in that we contemplate it and we will bility and it is a very simple responsi- just a moment. contemplate it. bility. And it is to balance the budget I reserve the remainder of my time. Mr. EXON. I thank the Senator. of the United States. That is the re- I suggest the absence of a quorum. Mr. DOMENICI. We are spending a sponsibility. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. little time, Mr. President, incidentally, If we were saying this good program The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- trying to find out what the President’s should stop, we should take it out of ator from New Mexico. plan is. I saw in the paper today he the budget, cause it to cease and desist, Mr. DOMENICI. Will the Senator may have a plan. I have never heard of then obviously we would be saying to withhold the request? it until I read it in the Post today. I do working families, ‘‘We no longer want How much time remains? not expect any Democrat on the Sen- to give you an incentive to stay at Mr. NICKLES. I withhold. ator’s side has seen it yet. But in any Mr. DOMENICI. I reclaim the time on work.’’ We are not saying that. We are event, we are working a little bit here our side. saying this is more like what we can The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to see if we can find out what that afford. We think it is a pretty fair in- ator has 24 minutes 10 seconds. might be. crease, not a cut, an increase. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, let me I just would like to recap this argu- Now, just to put it in perspective just recap and then I would like a ment and then I will yield the time that this is not just a little program quorum call charged to our side where back to Senator NICKLES after a brief that indeed we came upon and Repub- I can talk with Senator NICKLES for a discussion with him. licans helped put it in place, a Presi- minute. Let me talk about this earned in- dent who supported it named Ronald Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator come tax credit this way. We would Reagan, to say that it is not a signifi- yield just for a question? seek to return the earned income tax cant program even after we asked for a Mr. DOMENICI. Sure. credit—that is the name it is given so little restraint in getting at a little bit Mr. BRADLEY. If the Senator still that is the name I will use—to its or a lot of fraud—which I did not even has time that will be unused, I have original intention. Its original inten- mention, the Senator from Oklahoma people on my side who do want to use tion was that it should go to families did—this earned income tax credit will time, and while Senators are in con- with children, so it was not just an be a $193 billion program for the years ference, does the Senator mind if they earned income tax credit. It was a fam- 1996 through 2002. speak? ily earned income tax credit. We return We will spend, in taxpayers’ dollars— Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I say it to that: working families are enti- that is, we will collect money from tax- to the Senator, I do not think I can do tled to this tax rebate in some cases or payers—we will give checks back to the that because we are running up against this check from the Federal Govern- working poor families in the amount of a real shortage of overall time to get a ment in most cases. $193 billion between 1996 and 2002; hard- lot of amendments in. We both get The concept was a good one. It still is ly abolishing a program; hardly taking charged 50–50, or we benefit 50–50 on a good one. We have expanded it. We away the basic concept of a program; that time. I do not get the benefit of think it should be returned to the con- hardly increasing anybody’s income the whole 20 minutes. That side gets 10 cept that came about when President taxes. of it in the overall, but I do not think Reagan was in office, about which I It is taking income taxes and saying I would do that yet. have been quoted in the Chamber as we want to help people to the tune of Mr. EXON. Will the Senator yield? being a strong proponent. That is for $193 billion in checks we will give back. Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. working families to get an incentive to Those are the numbers when we are Mr. EXON. Following up on this, it is work instead of quitting work. finished, I say to my friend. pretty obvious we are coming down to Now, what will happen if the assump- The Senator would like it to be $230 crunch time. I am just going to make tions in the budget resolution are ulti- billion. the suggestion now without asking for mately adopted—families with one Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator any commitment now of the chairman qualifying child in 1995, the maximum yield? of the Budget Committee. It seems to credit amount—that is, the check they Mr. DOMENICI. I am happy to yield. me that after the Gramm amendment get back—$2,094. That is the maximum. Mr. BRADLEY. I do not dispute the is offered, which I understand will be In 2002, it will be $2,630. That is a plus numbers, but to argue that this is not the next one up—and I am not trying change, a positive change of $536. The a tax increase is a little bit like argu- to limit debate on that—I would sug- maximum income eligibility for that ing that when Ronald Reagan wanted gest that we at least consider getting a family with one qualifying child is to phase in tax cuts over 3 years, if we unanimous-consent agreement on both $24,396 now. did not phase in the third 10 percent of sides that after the Gramm amendment It will increase to $30,659. That is an the tax cut, that would not have re- all amendments to follow would be lim- increase in maximum income eligi- sulted in higher taxes. ited to some timeframe, I do not know, bility of $6,263. Mr. DOMENICI. Does the Senator half an hour, 15 minutes, equally di- Now let me just move to families have a question? vided, or something of that nature, and with two or more qualifying children, Mr. BRADLEY. The question is, does possibly eliminate second-degree remembering we are returning it to the Senator dispute that under the pro- amendments. Otherwise, we are going families, as was originally intended. So posal offered in the budget resolution to run into a real train wreck tomor- that single wage earners who are not working families will pay more in row about noon. earning sufficient money do not get a taxes? Does he deny that working I just make the suggestion if we tax check back from the Government. Americans would end up paying more could consider contemplating after the This is intended for working families. income tax or have less relief for So- Gramm amendment to enter into a For working families with two or cial Security taxes than under the unanimous-consent agreement on all more children, the maximum credit amendment that is offered by the Sen- amendments that would follow. today is $3,110. In the year 2002, the tax ator from New Jersey? Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, in the credit will be $3,806, an increase of $696, Mr. DOMENICI. I say to the Senator, Senator’s usual way of helping things almost $700. The maximum eligibility, if I might respond, I do not agree at all. along, the Senator has made a good Mr. President, how much money you We have decided in our wisdom to say suggestion. Clearly, I cannot agree to can earn—and this all has to be earned we are going to give money back to that at this point, income—$26,673 in 1995; $33,845, for an certain American taxpayers. We are Mr. EXON. I cannot either. I have not increase of $7,172, in the year 2002. going to give them a check. We did not cleared it on this side. But we have to Frankly, there are some who might equate that with income taxes. We just provide some leadership if we are going say that is not enough. There are some had a whole litany of things saying we to allow any time at all to the whole who would say it should be more be- just would like to relieve your burden. stack of amendments that the Senator cause current law says it should be You choose to call that raising the and I know are waiting on each side. more. Well, we passed a law and now income tax. I choose to say that we are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7153 not going to give a single individual a people with $100,000 worth of income or come tax credit for two or more chil- paycheck from other taxpayers of the less. So speaking of red herrings, that dren. I also have one for persons with United States because he does not have is one. That is all we hear. one child. The figures I was using be- a family. We are not going to give him Frankly, we just, every now and fore were two or more children. When a a $500 check. then, have to remind people they can lot of people find out they are eligible We are just saying this is for working take the budget resolution and read it for this, they are going to start filing. families. It is an idea that we put some and they will find it right in there. A lot of people are going to start work- flesh into the law. Now today you are Senators BOXER and BROWN were the ing to have their income come in right saying if we are not going to give it to proponents of it and it passed over- on that level. that single person, we are taking a whelmingly. You say, how can you do that? I tell paycheck away from him. But it really Now, Mr. President, we have some you, in the private sector, I used to is not income taxes rebated to him time left. hire some people who were retired from that he already paid. It is other peo- Mr. President, I suggest the absence other companies, and they wanted to ple’s income taxes that we collected of a quorum on our time. work just enough so they could make a and give to him in a paycheck. You can The PRESIDING OFFICER. The little money before they started losing call it what you like. That is my de- clerk will call the roll. Social Security. So people can adjust scription of it as best I understand the The legislative clerk proceeded to their incomes; they can be paid just program. call the roll. about that much. That happens. So we choose to do that. For those Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Or they can work part time until who want to spend more and give that unanimous consent that the order for they make this amount of money, and person I just described either $300 or the quorum call be rescinded. you do not have to work 2,000 hours to $400 or $500, fine. We choose to say the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without receive the maximum credit. There is working family continues to get the objection, it is so ordered. no hour limitation. As a matter of fact, money. And we just gave the numbers. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I the average number of hours people And for those who say it goes down, yield the remaining time to Senator worked in this program is 1,300. That is the number that we intend, if the Fi- NICKLES. about 24 hours a week. That is not 40 nance Committee passes it—and that is Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I have hours a week. You could actually be a the irony; they may not even pass it. a couple comments I want to clarify for lobbyist or something and work 100 The Senator is on the Finance Com- my friend from New Jersey, I was hop- hours in a year, and if you happen to mittee. You may choose to do some- ing we could get some time reduction. make about the right amount of in- thing else. I understand that he was not able to come, you could receive a $3,100 check But we were compelled in the Budget get that. My guess is that a point of from Uncle Sam. Committee to tell you how we might order will be made when time expires We are talking about reducing the get there, and this is one way we might on this side. growth of these checks. We are not get there. A couple points on this amendment. even reducing the amount, but we are Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator Right now we are spending a total, for saying they will not be growing as fast. yield on that point? the so-called earned income tax credit I think that is important. Some people Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. of $25.3 billion per year. Under the call that a tax increase. It means we Mr. BRADLEY. You do something budget proposal we have before us, if are going to write smaller checks, else. You mean to equal the amount of you add up the next 7 years, that total these checks will not be growing as revenues that the Finance Committee will be $204 billion. A freeze would be fast. It is not affecting anyone’s tax will be asked to raise under this pro- $176 billion. So we are spending about cuts, tax rebates, or anything like posal. You mean to raise other kinds of $30 billion more than a freeze. So the that. Most of these people are receiving taxes as opposed to raise taxes on these total amount of money that we spend cash payments, so we are trying to cur- working people. That is what you on this cash payment program still tail a program that has been growing mean. goes up. Most of the beneficiaries re- seriously out of control. So, by the Senator’s own admission, ceive a lump sum. I am tired of hearing Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator this is a tax increase. It is a require- people talk about tax cuts and tax in- yield on that point? ment of the Finance Committee to creases. The EITC is primarily a cash Mr. NICKLES. Not quite yet. The raise taxes. payment, a lump-sum cash payment to growth in this program has been Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, that a lot of individuals, and the cost of the unsustainable. The people advocating is not what I said. I say the Finance program is going up every year. It goes this amendment want that growth to Committee has a lot of options, and up even under our proposal. I wanted to continue. We cannot afford it. If you they can choose to do this the way it is make that perfectly clear. are going to balance the budget, you scheduled here or they can choose to do I also want to inform people that if are going to curtail the growth of enti- it a different way. That is in their they received an earned income tax tlement programs. This is an entitle- hands. credit last year of $3,110, next year ment program. This is one of the fast- We show one way to get to a balance. they will receive, even if the Finance est growing entitlement program. And this is part of the one way to get Committee passed this as we proposed, I mentioned before the cost of the to a balance. a little more. It will not continue to es- program totally exceeds the cost to Aid Now, frankly, I do not believe the calate as rapidly as it has. It cannot to Families with Dependent Children. American people would believe that continue to escalate as rapidly as it Aid to Families with Dependent Chil- what we have talked about today has. dren in 1995 cost $18 billion. This pro- means we are raising taxes. We have I might mention, if we do nothing, if gram in 1995 cost us $25.3 billion. It is the prerogative and responsibility to we follow the guidelines of some peo- past AFDC big time. AFDC provides change a program that is rampant with ple, the status-quo type budgets as cash payments; this program provides fraud that we find we cannot now af- they propose, this entitlement program cash payments. This program provides ford, but we want to keep its basic con- will continue to explode, and it cer- cash payments for a family with two cept. tainly has exploded. We will be spend- children of $3,110. With one child, it And for those who run to the floor on ing $226 billion over the next several provides for a maximum credit of the other side, who say, ‘‘Well, you are years. $2,094. So you get an extra $1,000 if you cutting the millionaire’s tax,’’ that is How can people call a program where have two or more children. not true, either. 80 percent of the money is handed out Some people who are talking about The budget resolution before us says in cash payments, where 99 percent of changing the welfare program say they it is the sense of the Senate—it passed the benefits are received in an annual want to take some of the incentives by every single vote of the Budget lump-sum payment, a tax cut. away from having more children. This Committee except one—that any tax I might mention, I am going to put in program is a big incentive for people to cuts, if they occur, will go 90 percent to the RECORD a chart for the earned in- say, ‘‘We want our income to be at this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 particular level so we can get a nice big Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I say The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- check from Uncle Sam.’’ to Senator EXON, I have discussed with ator from New Jersey. I have also found that in some cases, Senator NICKLES, and the Senator from Mr. BRADLEY. The distinguished 20, 30, maybe even 40 percent of the Nebraska has discussed with Senator Senator from Oklahoma says this is people living in a particular area could BRADLEY an arrangement that we not a tax cut that I am trying to save, be eligible for this cash payment pro- might make. I am shortly going to but, instead, that this is a spending gram. Then you start finding con art- make a point of order, and I under- program. And he continually refers to ists who will sign people up who do not stand either Senator EXON or Senator AFDC. Then why are you telling the pay taxes and have not filed returns in BRADLEY will move to waive it. Finance Committee to raise an addi- the past. They will go on a recruiting I ask unanimous consent that when I tional $20 billion? In effect, the budget trip and encourage people to have their make the point of order and Senator resolution tells the Finance Committee income fall into this category, file an EXON or Senator BRADLEY seeks to to increase revenues by $20 billion— electronic return and maybe split it waive it, that the time be limited on that is what this does, by $20 billion. with them because they weren’t going the motion to waive to 10 minutes a Now, the Senator thinks he will do it to do a return in the first place. side. by increasing taxes on families with There has been a lot of fraud in this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there under $28,000 in income. The Finance program. I am quoting these figures objection? Committee might choose to do some- from a recent GAO report. The most re- Mr. EXON. There is no objection on thing else. But make no mistake, this cent study shows 42 percent of EITC re- this side, and just so I understand what results in increased taxes. cipients receive too large a credit, and the Senator is suggesting, the Senator Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator 32 percent were not able to show they from New Mexico will move to waive, yield? were entitled to any credit—wow, 32 we will object to that and then we will Mr. BRADLEY. Certainly, on your percent, the study showed, were not en- limit debate to 10 minutes on this side time. Mr. NICKLES. I will be brief. I would titled to any credit. And then in 1994, and 10 minutes on that side on that like to point out to my colleague that the IRS did a 2-week study on elec- motion to waive; is that correct? I think he is totally incorrect. The rev- tronic returns and showed 29 percent Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator from enue numbers in our budget are the received too much EITC and 13 per- Nebraska or the Senator from New Jer- CBO baseline revenues. We did not cent—— sey will be making the motion to Mr. BRADLEY. Will the Senator change revenues. We did not direct the waive. The Senator is correct. yield on that point? Finance Committee to change reve- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. NICKLES. And 13 percent were nues. They have to reduce outlays. We objection, it is so ordered. judged to have intentional errors. That do not raise revenues, we reduce out- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I is a fraudulent program. lays. I will tell my colleagues, Senator yield back the remainder of our time, Mr. BRADLEY. The effect of this will which is a minute and something. DOMENICI wants to save an hour of time be to increase either the offset for So- so that we can consider more amend- Pursuant to the pending amendment, cial Security taxes or, for 48 percent of ments. I do not blame him. He has a lot the pending amendment is not germane the people receiving the earned income of amendments pending. to the provisions of the budget resolu- tax credit, income tax increases. That I will tell my colleagues, I had hoped tion. And pursuant to section 305(b)(2) increases net revenues. to offer a Sense-of-the-Senate amend- of the Budget Act, I raise a point of I yield 2 minutes to the distinguished ment in the second-degree to tell the order against the pending amendment. Senator from Massachusetts. Finance Committee, ‘‘Reform this pro- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I rise gram and in the process we think you to section 904 of the Congressional to strongly support the Bradley amend- can save some money.’’ Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive ment. It is amazing to me that the This happens to be a program that section 305 of that act for the purposes Budget Committee could review the to- needs to have some waste, fraud, and of the pending Bradley amendment. tality of tax expenditures, $480 billion, abuse taken out of it. That was the es- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under and yet has selected the one area that sence of the Sense-of-the-Senate the previous order, the debate is 20 is for working people, working men and amendment I had intended to offer, minutes evenly divided. women. Who are the people that are saying to the Finance Committee, Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask going to benefit from the earned in- ‘‘Preserve this program in a way that unanimous consent that it be in order come tax credit? They are the con- you eliminate the waste and the abuse to ask for a rollcall vote on the motion struction workers, the secretaries, the and the fraud that we see now and as to waive at this time. janitors, the hard-working backbone of reported by the GAO.’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mo- this country and its economy. They That is what we should be doing. I tion to waive is pending. have been singled out. think the Finance Committee can do Mr. DOMENICI. I ask for the yeas The Budget Committee could have it. GAO says one-third of this program and nays. said we are going to take care of the is fraudulent. We did not even cut it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a billionaires’ tax loophole, that benefits that much. We maybe should have fro- sufficient second? people who reject their citizenship in zen the program until we eliminated There is a sufficient second. order to take their bounty and go to the fraud. We did not do that. We al- The yeas and nays were ordered. another country. But oh, no; they lowed the program to grow. f didn’t go after the billionaires. You do not get the earned income tax I urge my colleagues to vote against UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT the amendment of the Senator from credit unless you work. We are trying New Jersey. I will be happy to yield for Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous to reward work and particularly, the a question. consent that the motion to waive with work of men and women that have chil- Mr. BRADLEY. The Senator said respect to the Bradley amendment be dren. They are the group of Americans one-third fraudulent. Could the Sen- set aside after the debate and that the that are falling furthest behind over ator justify that? Could he give us vote occur at a time to be determined the period of the last 15 years. This is some documentation that says one- by the two leaders, which is the way we the one program that helps and assists third fraud? have done the other ones. them. Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator hold The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I do not know what it is about the a second? objection, it is so ordered. Budget Committee that wants to single Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, could Mr. DOMENICI. I will yield our 10 out working men and women who are I make a request before he answers the minutes to Senator NICKLES. making less than $28,000 a year to raise question? How much time do we have Mr. EXON. I yield the 10 minutes on their taxes. They are the ones who are remaining? our side to be controlled by the Sen- going to be targeted by this budget res- The PRESIDING OFFICER. One ator from New Jersey. olution—having their sons and daugh- minute fifty-two seconds. Mr. BRADLEY addressed the Chair. ters that go to college paying more in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7155 terms of the guaranteed loan programs. Connecticut alone, this would mean an come exceeds $2,500. I strongly support They are the ones whose kids are not average tax increase of $1,408 over 7 these two proposals. going to have the summer jobs. They years on 67,660 working families. This First, I agree that with the President are the ones who are going to find out increased tax burden on the very sector that compliance measures must be that the support and assistance for of the population that can least afford strengthened. A prerequisite to EITC school-aged children that go to the to sustain it, the working family, just eligibility should be the possession of a public schools have been cut, that they does not make sense. It is a policy that valid Social Security number. This are not going to get the Government’s takes us further from, not closer to, would create a simple and efficient help. our goal of encouraging work and self- screening process which would allow What in the world is it about the Re- sufficiency. the IRS to deny the credit in the ab- publicans to want to put that kind of The EITC encourages people to work sence of a valid Social Security num- burden on the working families of this toward a higher standard of living. ber. country? That is wrong. Specifically, it supplements the earn- The Republicans second proposal to The Bradley amendment addresses ings of eligible lower- and moderate-in- deny the EITC to eligible tax filers is that, and it deserves our support. The come workers and families with a Fed- another Clinton administration pro- Budget Committee should have found, eral income tax credit that increases posal. I agree with the President’s posi- out of $480 billion, some other way to their disposable income. Families move tion that taxpayers with $2,500 of tax- make up that difference without tar- off welfare dependence to full-time able interest and dividends do not need geting the working families in this work because EITC makes work pay. the EITC. Indeed, this proposal has al- country. Thus, parents who work full time are ready been included in H.R. 831 to off- Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, how not forced to raise children in poverty. set a portion of the cost of reinstating much time remains? And I know that one of the stated the income tax deduction for health in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- purposes of these cuts is to eliminate surance premiums paid by the self em- 1 ator has 6 ⁄2 minutes remaining. fraud in the EITC program. That is a ployed. Mr. BRADLEY. I yield 3 minutes to noble goal but I am afraid, that like In closing I’d like to take a few mo- the distinguished Senator from Con- the news of Mark Twain’s death, fraud ments to stress the emphasis that the necticut. in this program may be greatly exag- EITC places on work. The EITC is a Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I gerated. The President has proposed work incentive and by law it is only rise in support of this amendment to denying the EITC credit to illegal available to working families. If you restore a portion of the cuts to the aliens and I am pleased that the pro- are not working, you are not eligible earned income tax credit envisioned by posal before us incorporates that idea. for the EITC. It is just that simple. Ad- this budget. It also makes sense to require a Social This program is such a great example ditionally, for those in the lowest in- Security number in order to qualify for come levels, the EITC increases with of the kinds of public policies we the credit. The IRS is making a good should be pursuing. We have spent each dollar of earnings. Therefore, if an faith effort to ensure that this credit is individual in the eligible income brack- countless hours in this Chamber trying going to the people who need it the to figure out ways to get people to et works longer hours, he will receive a most. larger EITC. This is tax fairness. work and get them off the welfare I also think it is wise to adopt the I urge my colleagues to vote against rolls. That debate is sure to continue. President’s proposal to deny the EITC any rollbacks in the EITC by sup- But in the meantime, our Tax Code al- to otherwise eligible tax filers with in- porting this amendment. ways contains the incentive for the terest and dividend income exceeding working poor in this country to keep $2,500. If your investments are gener- Mr. President, the debate on this on working. It helps these people stay ating that much income, it is hard to amendment is about priorities since above the poverty line and off the wel- argue that you really need the EITC. this amendment does not affect the fare rolls which is just where each and For that reason, I am pleased that we bottom line of this budget resolution. every one of us in this Chamber would moved forward with this proposal as a The amendment leaves intact the sub- like them to be. And as if all of that way to offset part of the cost of rein- stantial, I would say, historic, feat of were not enough, in a time when Amer- stating the self-employed health insur- balancing the budget by the year 2002. icans demand less Government, the ance deduction. This amendment says we do not want EITC accomplishes all of this without a Historically, the EITC has enjoyed the earned income tax credit funds cut. new Government agency, without an bipartisan support. My colleagues on The reason is that this is a program elaborate bureaucracy, without cre- the other side of the aisle have had that rewards work. It is a low-bureauc- ating a new payroll for a new program. many positive things to say about the racy, low-overhead program. It has I have made it clear that I believe EITC. They have described the program worked by rewarding work and it is a the Senator from New Mexico has en- as a key means of helping low-income program that has traditionally enjoyed gaged in a noble and honest effort in workers with dependent children get bipartisan support. The Democratic presenting the budget we have before off and stay off welfare and a great way Leadership Council, which I am pleased us today. While I do not agree with all to help low-income families with the to chair, has long supported this pro- of the priorities represented by the cost of raising their children. It sends gram as has former Presidents Reagan budget before us, I very much appre- assistance to those in need; to those and Bush as well as Jack Kemp. ciate the effort and admire the bottom who work hard and yet struggle to The budget before us has an impact line. Which is why I am so puzzled by make a living and provide for their on the program. It would reduce tax re- the EITC cuts. In the quest for a lean- children. lief for 12 million American families by er, more efficient Government, I be- Jack Kemp, George Bush, and Ronald $21 billion. In my home State of Con- lieve that cutting the EITC is an odd Reagan have all been strong advocates necticut, this would mean a reduction choice. The budget before us proposes of the EITC. President Reagan de- in tax relief over the next 7 years of to reduce the EITC by $13 billion by the scribed the EITC as ‘‘The best anti-pov- $1,400 for more than 67,000 working year 2000 and by an additional $2 bil- erty, the best pro-family, the best job families. As a matter of priority, I do lion by the year 2002. These rollbacks creation measure to come out of the not want the bulk of these reductions. in the program will come from repeal- Congress.’’ Mr. President, the cost of this pro- ing the final phase of the 1993 expan- The Republicans other budget pro- gram has grown. But that is not be- sion of the EITC and the repeal of the posals regarding the EITC are identical cause it is out of control. The cost of EITC for workers without children. to those in the President’s fiscal year this program has grown because we in In practical terms, this rollback of 1996 budget. They include a proposal to Congress have directed that it grow be- the EITC will mean an increased tax roll back the EITC by denying the cause we believe in this program. burden of $21 billion over the next 7 credit to illegal aliens, and the denial My friend from Oklahoma says that years on more than 12 million Amer- of the EITC to otherwise eligible tax the EITC is costing more annually ican households. In my home State of filers whose interest and dividend in- than the AFDC. I say that is good

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 news. That means we are finally spend- In the first place, I will repeat what at it. It is available. We paid for it. We ing more to reward work than to re- I told Senator BRADLEY. This budget should look at that information. ward those who do not work. I hope the resolution does not direct the Finance I know my colleagues on the other gap between these two programs con- Committee not to raise taxes. We do side supported this massive increase in tinues to grow as time goes by. not have a tax increase in this budget. 1993, and they are very proud of it. Mr. President, it is important to note I know many of my colleagues on the They have gone back and quoted Ron- here, finally, that the increase in the other side want to have a tax increase. ald Reagan who stated it was a good program in recent years is not by fraud We do not have a tax increase. This thing. However, the total cost of this and deviousness in the program, it is says reduce the outlays. program in 1980 was $2 billion; in 1986 it by congressional design and congres- My colleague from Connecticut said was still $2 billion. sional intent. When the changes we we are saving $21 billion. We reduced This program did not grow very fast, made to the program in 1993 are fully the rate of growth in this program. initially. By 1988 it grew to $5.9 billion. phased in at the end of fiscal year 1996, That is our direction or suggestion to Then its cost really exploded. I heard a this program, the EITC, will actually the Finance Committee to reduce the couple of my colleagues say it is pri- grow by a very modest rate of 4.5 per- growth by $21 billion over 7 years. If we marily for families, but in 1993 their cent a year. froze the program, we would have $50 tax bill opened the program up to peo- So as a matter of priority, as a mat- billion in savings. ple who do not have children. ter of sustaining a bipartisan con- Frankly, I think we probably should Originally, as conceived by Senator sensus on supporting those who are freeze it because it is so rampant with Russell Long and others, the EITC was poor and work and need our help and abuse. It is so fraudulent. There are so for families. Senator Long has written encouragement so they not go onto many people taking advantage of this an op-ed piece saying he supported the welfare, I support this amendment. program. The more people find out earned-income program, but he said Finally, I would like to quote former about it the more they like it, espe- Congress went too far in 1993 when they President Reagan who described the cially if they find out that their neigh- expanded this program to apply to peo- EITC as ‘‘the best antipoverty, the best bor or somebody else is taking advan- ple without children. Originally, people profamily, the best job creation meas- tage of it, and received a nice cash had to have one or two kids to qualify ure to come out of the Congress.’’ That lump sum of $2,000 or $3,000. for the program. Now you do not. is absolutely right. That is why I sup- Unfortunately, the amount of dollars Again, we make a lot more people eli- port the amendment. are so significant more people will be gible and we increase the amount of I yield the floor. filing fraudulent returns. That is what money they are eligible for. Mr. BRADLEY. How much time re- the IRS has told Congress. The IRS has In 1990, the maximum amount any- mains? made some interesting statements. body could receive out of this program The PRESIDING OFFICER. Three They said 13 percent of returns they was $953. In 1995, the maximum that minutes remain. judge to have intentional errors. In someone can receive with two kids is Mr. BRADLEY. I yield myself 2 min- other words, fraud. They said 29 per- $3,110. In the year 2000, that maximum utes. cent, in a 1994 study, 29 percent re- amount under current law will be Mr. President, the earned income ceived too much earned-income credit. $4,068. We have millions of people that credit is called the earned income cred- Regarding illegal aliens, the IRS sus- are eligible. So we are saying, no, we it for a very specific reason. You do not pects that more than 160,000 receive do not think we can afford that. So we get it unless you earn money. You do earned-income credits in 1994. allow the maximum to increase every not get it as a gift. You get it because I am afraid we spent a lot of money year but at much smaller levels. So we you work. You get it because you work for GAO to do some homework for Con- say by the year 2000 the maximum and have earned money. You do not gress, and then we do not pay any at- amount that someone could receive earn much money, but you do earn tention to their work. Maybe we should with two or more children would be some money. And you also frequently not in some cases. In this case, they $3,560, over $450 more than what they are eligible for various benefits. As you have clearly shown this is a fraudulent are receiving today, but not going all earn more money, you lose those bene- program that needs to be reformed. the way to $4,068. fits. As you earn more money, you pay Some of our colleagues are saying, Granted, the EITC is not growing as more Social Security. no, no, keep the status quo, keep going fast under our proposal. It should not What the earned income tax credit is as usual. So what if 30-some percent because the program is so rampant supposed to do is to give that working have abused the program. So what if it with fraud and abuse. It is growing too family that earns money some break went from a few billion dollars a year fast. We need to curtail it. We need to for the Social Security and other taxes to a $30 billion program. Allow it to have some containment on entitlement they pay and for the benefits that they continue. programs or we will never, ever, get to lose as they earn more money. It is a Mr. President, I do not think we can a balanced budget. very simple concept in terms of the So- afford to. We can achieve every bit of Then, Mr. President, I want to men- cial Security tax. It could have the the savings, and allow the program to tion one other thing. That is the way same impact as a tax credit against So- go by eliminating the fraud in this pro- our colleagues on the other side of the cial Security. But we do not have a gram. If we do not, we ought to be aisle want to pay for this. They will credit against Social Security taxes. ashamed of ourselves. take it from the so-called reserve fund The earned income credit is essentially GAO says look at a wealth test. We that we are setting aside, if we balance giving people who pay significant So- enacted an EITC wealth test earlier the budget, to give back to the Amer- cial Security taxes some of that back. this year, but its thresholds are too ican taxpayer. So it is clearly a reduction of an over- high. A person can have a lot of assets This is about the third or the fourth all Federal tax burden, both income and receive a lot of income from those amendment, and I am sure we will re- tax and Social Security tax. While peo- assets and they can still qualify for the ceive more, where our colleagues on ple who are at $16,000 or $17,000 a year earned-income credit. For hours of the other side of the aisle are saying do not pay in a lot of income tax, they work, there is no minimum. People can how they want to spend the so-called pay in over $2,000 in Social Security work 100 hours and qualify for $3,000 economic dividend. They want to spend taxes. With the earned-income tax benefit in this program. People do not it before we get there. That is, in a credit, because they work, they get a have to work 2,000 hours. The average nutshell, the reason why the Demo- break for those Social Security taxes. recipient last year worked, I think, crats have never had balanced budgets. They get a refund from the Govern- 1,300 hours. Some people could work 100 They want to spend it before we get it. ment so they pay less Social Security hours and still receive it. They want to spend more than we take tax, in reality. This program is set up for abuse. The in. They are more popular spending Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I want GAO has done a pretty significant money than taking it away. to try and clarify some of the state- study. This is recent study, in March When we call this program an earned- ments that have been made. 1995. I encourage my colleagues to look income tax credit, it makes people

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7157 think we are reducing taxes. We are ing families. If they are working full 301(a) of the Congressional Budget Act not. This program is a negative income time for minimum wage, are getting requires that on or before April 15 of tax. We ought it call it what it is. It is food stamps, getting the EITC, these each year the Congress shall complete a negative income tax. people still do not have enough, to action on a concurrent resolution on George McGovern campaigned on a bring up a family. And still they are the budget for the fiscal year beginning negative income tax in 1972, and now trying to take that benefit away. It is on October 1 of such year. Neverthe- we have it in law. Perhaps it has wrong. less, Congress has often missed this maybe a better title, but for 80 percent I hope the BRADLEY amendment will deadline, so the lateness of this par- of the people, it is a lump sum negative be successful. ticular budget resolution is not ex- income tax. It is a cash payment. It is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- traordinary. a cash payment that is growing a lot ator’s time is expired. It is particularly understandable that faster than AFDC. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, has all this year’s budget resolution would be We should be discussing this when we time expired? late, in light of the fact that it con- get into welfare reform. I am all for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tains more deficit reduction than has trying to create incentives to get peo- ator from Oklahoma has 1 minute. ever been proposed in any budget reso- ple to work, but this is a lump sum Mr. EXON. If I understand it cor- lution. I believe the figure is nearly $1 payment that discourages work. There rectly, we have finished debate and trillion in deficit reduction that would are a lot of people that might work under the previous agreement we will purportedly be achieved over the next 7 just enough to maximize this payment, have the vote on this at some suc- years if this budget resolution is by either reporting income, or not re- ceeding time, is that correct? agreed to, and if all of its reconcili- porting income. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ation instructions were enacted into We had some people on this case that ator from Oklahoma has 1 remaining law. That is what the Congressional might report income they did not re- minute. Budget Office’s current projections ceive so they could get into this level, Mr. EXON. I thought the Senator has show. and others might not report income yielded back. He has not yielded back? At the end of that 7 years, according that they received, cash or otherwise, I am sorry. to table 1 on page 6 of the Budget Com- so they could stay at this level. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mittee’s report, under this budget reso- I do not even want to get into the ator from Oklahoma. lution we will have achieved a budget confusing stuff about the marginal tax Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I will surplus of $1.3 billion. Apparently that rates this program creates, but we find be brief. We have one minute remain- surplus occurs only under a unified people in the phase-out side of this pro- ing and we will be voting at a time des- budget. For those who are not inti- gram that will end up paying 80 per- ignated by the two leaders. mately familiar with budget termi- cent or 90 percent of their additional, It is vitally important we pass the nology, a unified budget is one that al- marginal income in taxes. Think about budget. We have a chance for the first lows the use of trust fund surpluses to that. I do not want to get too confusing time in history to pass a budget that is mask the true size of the deficit. with facts, but they can have the high- going to call for a balanced budget. For this particular budget resolution, est marginal tax rate of anybody in Many of us thought we should do that the use of such trust fund surpluses, America. And that is not fair, either. whether we passed a constitutional and particularly the Social Security That is a real disincentive to earn amendment to balance the budget or surplus, is necessary to achieve the $1.3 more income. I do not think we should not. It is not possible to pass a bal- billion surplus in the year 2002. If one have that. anced budget unless we curtail the turns back one page in the Budget The direction of the Finance Com- growth of expensive programs. This Committee’s report to page 5, one will mittee and the direction of this budget program has been growing out of con- find another table. This table, table 1, is to limit the growth of this program. trol. This program cost a few billion sets forth the projected deficits rec- It is growing too fast. It is out of con- dollars a few years ago. It cost $25 bil- ommended by the Budget Committee trol. lion this year. It will be costing $36 bil- through the year 2002 without using GAO says—not just Don NICKLES and lion by the year 2002. We cannot con- the trust fund surpluses. This table Bill ROTH who had a hearing on this in tinue that rate of growth. We have to shows that even if we adopt this budget the Governmental Affairs Committee— slow it down. resolution lock, stock, and barrel, we that the cost of this program is explod- Under this proposal it continues to will still have a deficit—according to ing. I compliment Senator ROTH for his grow about $1 billion a year, not as the Budget Committee—of $113.5 billion efforts. We need to respond. The Fi- rapidly as proposed under current law. in 2002. In other words, if we do not nance Committee and Ways and Means We cannot sustain current law growth. apply the Social Security trust fund Committee needs to respond. We need We cannot sustain 55 percent growth surplus against the deficit, the budget to get this program under control. per year, so this is an effort to curtail will not balance in the year 2002 under The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- it. this budget resolution. Instead, there ator from Oklahoma has 1 minute re- I urge my colleagues to vote against will be a deficit of $113.5 billion. maining, and 1 minute is remaining on the amendment and I yield the floor. Having said that, I am quick to ac- the other side. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- knowledge the tremendously difficult Mr. NICKLES. I reserve the balance ator from Nebraska. work that has been done by the able of my time. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, has all chairman of the Budget Committee, Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I yield time has expired? Mr. DOMENICI. He has spent months on myself the 1 remaining minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time this budget resolution and, having Mr. President, let the Senate think has expired on both sides. worked closely with him on appropria- about who we are talking about here. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I am tion and budget matters for many We are talking about Americans who pleased to yield a maximum of 45 min- years, I know that he is thoroughly fa- are working. If they are making the utes to my great friend and colleague, miliar with virtually every item in this minimum wage and if they are getting the senior Senator from West Virginia, budget resolution. I would expect no food stamps, and they are getting off the minority side’s time allotted. less from this very able and distin- EITC, they are still below the poverty Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank guished Senator. It cannot have been line. Still below the poverty line. the distinguished Senator from Ne- easy to recommend the difficult Now, that is what the issue is. Four braska, the ranking manager of the choices that were necessary to achieve trillion dollars in tax benefits or tax bill. $1 trillion in deficit reduction without expenditures over the length of this Mr. President, both Houses of Con- including any additional revenues and measure, $4 trillion, will be accumu- gress waited for weeks beyond the time without cutting military spending. I lated. But the only place that the Re- when budget resolutions are normally would note, however, that the task publicans could find a place to collect brought before the House and Senate. would have been even more difficult money was $20 billion from these work- In fact, as Senators are aware, section had not the 1993 Reconciliation Act

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 been enacted. So let us not lose sight of 1991. Some Senators will recall that the That surplus was to be achieved under that fact. That measure, at the time of 1991 budget resolution was adopted sub- that budget resolution without using its passage, was estimated to cut the sequent to the 1990 Budget Summit. the Social Security surplus. In fact, if deficit by $433 billion below the CBO That Budget Summit was requested by one turns to page 21 of the 1991 budget baseline over 5 years. President Bush in May of 1990. I par- resolution conference report, there one President Clinton deserves a great ticipated in it, as did a number of other will find a table which, among other deal of credit for having proposed a Senators, including Mr. DOLE, Mr. things, shows that if the Social Secu- major deficit reduction package short- DOMENICI, and Mr. GRAMM, to name a rity and other trust fund surpluses are ly after he assumed office in 1993. Sub- few—Mr. HATFIELD and Mr. Bentsen, used to reduce the deficits, then there sequently, Congress enacted the Omni- who was a Senator at that time. From were supposed to be surpluses, not defi- bus Reconciliation Act of 1993, which the House side, the summit partici- cits, for fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995. resulted in reducing 5-year deficit pro- pants included Mr. GEPHARDT and Mr. In fact, the surpluses were to be: for jections by $433 billion. Not one Repub- GINGRICH, among a number of others. fiscal year 1993, $44.8 billion; for fiscal lican, not one in either House, voted We spent literally weeks and weeks year 1994, $108.5 billion; and for fiscal for the package, but, as I said, the and weeks, and even months negoti- year 1995, $156.2 billion. Budget Committee has benefited from ating a bipartisan deficit reduction My purpose, Madam President, in that 1993 deficit reduction package. package which, it was agreed by all, raising these matters is to put to rest Without that package that we enacted should be no greater than $500 billion the misconception that somehow the in 1993, the committee would have had over five years. The fear was that any- Republican leadership in the Congress to come up with another $433 billion in thing over $500 billion would throw the has come up with the first budget reso- deficit reduction in this resolution in economy into recession. We had the lution ever that projects balance; and order to reach their target in 2002. best Democratic and Republican brains the further misconception that past Mr. President, despite the rhetoric to in the Nation sitting around that sum- Congresses failed to bite the bullet and the contrary—let me say this. I hope mit table at Andrews Air Force Base. make the tough choices to balance the all Senators will hear it. Despite the In addition to Members of Congress and budget. The fact is that we thought we rhetoric to the contrary, this is not the their staffs, we had the benefit of the had enacted the necessary spending re- first budget resolution that has pro- wisdom of Mr. Richard Darman, Presi- straints in 1990, on a bipartisan basis, jected a balanced budget. I hear many dent Bush’s OMB Director; Mr. John to achieve a balanced budget by 1995. Senators say, ‘‘For the first time we Sununu, the President’s Chief of Staff; The experts told us we had done so. have a budget resolution here that and even the Secretary of the Treas- But, as is the case now, and, as I have projects a balanced budget.’’ said many times, there is no earthly That ain’t so. This is not the first ury, Mr. Nicholas Brady. Also present was the CBO Director, Dr. Robert way that any human being can accu- budget resolution that has projected a rately predict what the deficit will be 5 balanced budget. In fact, it is not even Reischauer, and several of his key staff. I should mention that Leon Pa- years from now. the second, or third budget resolution We all know what happened to those that has done so. That this is so is sup- netta was there. As anyone can see, we did not suffer from a lack of expertise 1991 budget resolution projections. ported by the Budget Committee’s re- They went south. No sooner was the port accompanying this year’s resolu- at the 1990 bipartisan Budget Summit. Well, after all those months of intense ink dry on the Summit Agreement, and tion. In Mr. EXON’s minority views, on its accompanying reconciliation act, page 314, the following statement is negotiations, which often ran into the night and included Saturdays and Sun- than CBO changed its projections. made: I have here a CBO document entitled days, we finally reached an agreement. Contrary to Republican statements, this is That agreement cut the projected 5- ‘‘CBO Papers—The 1990 Agreement: An not the first budget resolution to achieve Interim Assessment’’ dated December balance. It is the fifth in line. The 1980, 1981, year deficits for fiscal years 1991–95 by $500 billion. When first presented to the 1990. On page 8, this paper lays out 1982, and 1991 budget resolutions were in bal- major changes in the 1991–95 deficit cal- ance. In the 1991 budget, Democrats did not House, in the form of a budget resolu- use the Social Security trust fund surplus to tion, the summit agreement was voted culations upon which the Congress and reach balance. This all goes to demonstrate down. After some modifications were President Bush had just depended when that the universe covered by a budget resolu- made, however, a budget resolution they enacted the provisions of the tion can change in the course of the years. was agreed to by the House on October Summit Agreement, which was sup- That is the language, that is the 8, 1990, and by the Senate the next day. posed to achieve a budget surplus by committee report, and I quoted from I have here the fiscal year 1991 budg- fiscal year 1995. Here is what CBO had Mr. EXON’s statement there. et resolution conference report. It is to say about their changed projections, So, there have been four other occa- numbered report 101–820, and was sub- only 1 month after enactment of the sions when budget resolutions have mitted by Mr. Panetta, who was the Summit Agreement: projected a balanced budget. We have House Budget Committee chairman at The October interim economic assump- tions increase the projected deficit by $41 done this before. This is not the first the time. On page 2 of this 1991 budget time. In fact, I recall that President billion in 1991 and by about $60 billion per resolution conference report, we see a year thereafter, compared with CBO’s sum- Carter’s fiscal year 1981 budget con- heading entitled ‘‘Recommended Lev- tained a deficit of something like $15.9 mer baseline. The October forecast reflects els and Amounts.’’ Under that heading significant signs of weakness that appeared billion. We in the Senate found that to in section 3(a)(4), one will find the on- in the economy after CBO completed its be intolerable, and as majority leader budget deficits for fiscal years 1991–94 summer forecast in June. The Iraqi invasion at that time, I convened a session at and an on-budget surplus for fiscal year of in early August has caused a sharp which the chairman and ranking mem- 1995. increase in oil prices, which has boosted in- bers of the Budget, Appropriations, and flation. In addition, the revision of the na- Specifically, the conference report tional income and product accounts for the other relevant committees sat down for itself reads as follows: several days including an entire week- past three years suggests that the economy’s SEC. 3. (a)(4)(A) The amounts of the deficits end to come up with the necessary potential rate of growth is lower than pre- are as follows: Fiscal year 1991: viously thought. changes to balance President Carter’s $143,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1992: Taken together, these economic develop- 1981 budget. We accomplished our pur- $100,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1993: ments reduce projected revenues by about pose and the fiscal year 1981 budget res- $62,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1994: $14,700,000,000. $30 billion per year. Higher inflation in- olution, therefore, showed a balanced (B) The amount of the surplus is as follows: creases cost-of-living adjustments for Social budget. but, as with all other budget Fiscal year 1995: $20,500,000,000. Security and other benefit programs, as well resolutions, including this one, as we So there you have it. The budget res- as discretionary inflation adjustments for shall see, changes in economic and olution for fiscal year 1991, which in- defense and non-defense appropriations. Higher unemployment raises spending for technical forecasts caused the actual corporated the budget cuts agreed to at unemployment compensation and for in- 1981 budget to be out of balance. The the 1990 Budget Summit, showed an on- come-assistance programs. Finally, lower latest such budget resolution prior to budget surplus of $20.5 billion in the revenues and higher spending increase fed- the pending one was that for fiscal year fifth year; namely, fiscal year 1995. eral borrowing requirements and debt service

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7159 costs, by amounts growing from $2 billion in cation, the National Institutes of est harm of any area of the Federal 1991 to $17 billion in 1995. Health, environmental cleanup, health budget under this budget resolution. During the final months of fiscal year 1990, and safety programs to ensure the safe- And the American people will not have the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC)—the agency charged with resolving insolvent sav- ty of food and water for our citizens, to wait for reconciliation to feel the ef- ings and loan associations—spent $10 billion research and development, School-To- fects of the nondefense, nonmilitary, more than CBO projected in July. This surge Work and other job training programs, discretionary cuts. Those cuts will be in spending suggests that the RTC is resolv- NASA, aviation safety (including air coming to the House and Senate floors ing cases more quickly and needs more work- traffic control), civilian and military very soon after the adoption of the ing capital than previously thought. As a re- retirement, agriculture, highway and budget resolution conference agree- sult, CBO has increased its estimates of de- bridge construction and maintenance, ment. Each of the 11 nondefense discre- posit insurance spending in 1991 and 1992. To- transit assistance, the Small Business gether with the resulting increase in debt tionary appropriation bills will contain service costs, deposit insurance reestimates Administration, the judiciary and the a large dose of reality as to what is increase the projected deficit by $16 billion courts, nuclear waste cleanup, our na- being asked of the American people in in 1991 and $42 billion in 1992, have little ef- tional parks, law enforcement, and the the way of cutbacks in government fect in 1993, and reduce the deficit somewhat operating costs of every department services. And these cuts will keep com- thereafter. and agency of the Federal Government. ing each and every year for the next 7 So, Madam President, it became ob- These and all other nondefense pro- years. There will be no relief. If the vious, rather quickly then, that budget grams—all other nonmilitary pro- caps are exceeded, then automatic balance would not be achieved without grams—will suffer devastating cuts cuts, or sequesters, will occur to bring further major deficit reduction pack- over the next 7 years. nonmilitary spending back within each ages. President Bush chose not to un- But not the military; not the mili- year’s cap on both budget authority dertake further budget summits, nor to tary. No cuts are proposed for the mili- and outlays. Rest assured, if this budg- propose further deficit reduction for tary over the next 7 years. et resolution is agreed to, and I have Does anyone believe that the mili- fiscal years 1992 or 1993. no doubts that it will be agreed to, tary budget cannot be cut? Does any- It was left up to President Clinton to these cuts will occur. We will no longer one believe that the military budget propose further deficit reduction. He have to speculate about the pain that ought not be cut? Does anyone believe rose to the challenge in his ‘‘Vision For will occur. It will have arrived. that there are not items in that mili- America,’’ which was submitted to For the entitlement portion of the tary budget that can be cut, ought to Congress on February 17, 1993. Presi- budget, this budget resolution also be cut, and still maintain the kind of dent Clinton laid out a blueprint for calls for tough medicine. As the debate security for our country that we ex- improving the lives of Americans and has already brought out, cuts of $256 for reducing the Federal deficit, while pect? Well, apparently some of our friends billion for Medicare; $175 billion for at the same time, addressing the Na- on the other side of the aisle do believe Medicaid; and $209 billion from other tion’s investment deficit in both that. Not only that, this budget resolu- entitlements will be very harsh upon human and physical infrastructure. tion will reestablish a wall so that those in our society who, in many The 1993 Omnibus Reconciliation Act military spending will have its own cases, are the least able to afford to was subsequently enacted and resulted separate caps for the next 7 years. This pay more for their benefits. The in $433 billion in deficit reduction—and will prohibit Congress from cutting changes called for in the budget resolu- it had to be done without a single Re- military spending and using those cuts tion for entitlements will be taken up publican vote. to ease the pain on nonmilitary spend- later this year in a massive reconcili- That brings me to the pending budget ing. This means that we will limit our ation bill. Only if enacted by Congress resolution, which, as I stated at the be- ability to set priorities by removing and signed into law by the President, ginning of my remarks, calls for some from the budget-cutting pot the entire will these entitlement cuts take place. very difficult budget cuts which, ac- military budget. It is off limits. So there will be another day to make cording to OMB, will total $961 billion Furthermore, this budget resolution that decision. below a baseline which already as- will eliminate the hold-harmless provi- Page 5 of the committee report, sumes a non-defense discretionary sions of the Budget Enforcement Act Madam President, contains this state- freeze for the next 7 years. From this for discretionary spending. This means ment: baseline, this budget resolution would that discretionary caps will no longer The committee’s recommendations are cut: $256 billion from Medicare; $175 bil- be adjusted for economic and technical real, enforceable, and achieve the fiscal pol- lion from Medicaid; $209 billion from miscalculations which are beyond the icy goal of a comprehensive, unified balanced budget in 2002. other entitlements; $190 billion from control of Congress. nondefense discretionary spending (as I fought for that in connection with I ask Senators where is the enforce- measured from a 1995 freeze extended the 1990 summit and the budget resolu- ment on entitlement spending in this through 2002; defense is increased by tion that flowed therefrom. I fought for resolution? Let me read again page 5 of $25 billion); and $155 billion from re- that. I sat right down in my office and the committee report. I quote: duced debt service. discussed that with Mr. Darman. I said, The committee’s recommendations are For nondefense discretionary spend- ‘‘There’s no give on that. Nondefense real, enforceable, and achieve the fiscal pol- ing, this budget resolution would cut discretionary has got to be held harm- icy goal of a comprehensive, unified balanced $190 billion below a 1995 freeze; the less.’’ And we were, and we have been budget in 2002. equivalent of a $300 billion cut below held harmless since. But that is out I ask the committee, where is the en- the levels in the President’s budget. By now with this budget resolution. forcement on entitlements? The com- the year 2002, nondefense discretionary Finally, this budget resolution will mittee report says these are enforce- spending will be cut by nearly one- create a new requirement that, in order able. Where? Where is the enforcement third, declining to 2.5 percent of the to not be charged against discretionary on entitlement spending in this resolu- gross domestic product, and that would spending, emergencies will have to tion? I have asked my staff to find be a record low. achieve a 60-vote supermajority in the that. My staff has searched in vain to For military spending, on the other Senate. find caps on entitlements and seques- hand, this budget resolution proposes So if we have a disaster in Texas, get ters to enforce the caps. There are no no cuts to the President’s budget, as ready to produce 60 votes, or else it such provisions. Despite the commit- opposed to its proposed $300 billion in will be charged against discretionary tee’s claim, there is no enforcement on cuts below the President’s nondefense spending. And where do we have the entitlement spending for the next 7 budgets, over the next 7 years. That is money? Discretionary spending is on years. Yet, as any knowledgeable ob- preposterous. If we accept this budget the block. The ax is going to fall, as it server knows, entitlements are where resolution, we will cut by one-third— has fallen time and time again in re- the growth in Federal spending is oc- provided the instructions are carried cent years. curring. The cuts in discretionary through—we will cut by one-third that It is clear that nondefense discre- spending will occur—you can bet—they portion of the budget which funds edu- tionary spending will suffer the great- will occur because there are caps every

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 year and automatic, across-the-board this budget resolution is agreed to and I, therefore, do not kid myself by cuts discretionary spending within if its accompanying reconciliation holding out any hope that there will be those caps. measure is signed into law. This budget any attention paid by the Republican Yes, they are enforceable, those cuts resolution assumes there will be no re- side to the suggestions or proposals in nonmilitary discretionary spending. cessions over the next 7 years. Further- made by this side of the aisle. That is Cuts in nonmilitary discretionary more, any objective review of the past unfortunate. We are all here to do our spending will occur because there are history of CBO’s 5-year deficit projec- solemn duty in, once again, making caps every year and automatic, across- tions would lead one to find highly sus- tough choices which affect the lives of the-board cuts to keep the nonmilitary pect the 7-year projections contained virtually every American in order to discretionary spending within those in the pending resolution. I do not be- balance the budget. None of us shy caps. Yet, for entitlements, this resolu- lieve the chances are any better than 1 away from that duty. But, I submit tion contains no caps and no other en- in 1,000 that, if we accept this budget that the Senate and the American peo- forcement mechanisms. resolution to carry out its entire con- ple would be far better served if, at Similarly, for revenues, there is tents without change, we will achieve a some point during this year’s budget nothing in this resolution to ensure balanced budget in 2002. and reconciliation battles, we put aside that each year’s revenue projection Regarding the tax cut provided in partisan and Presidential politics, and will be achieved. What if we have a re- this resolution, I am frankly amazed. vote for the best possible legislation in cession? What if we have a recession, as For all the talk—all the talk—about all instances—no matter whose idea it we probably will? How will the short- balancing the budget and all the may be. fall be accounted for? mighty effort expended, we turn right I close by congratulating again, Mr. The only way in this resolution is by around again in the same budget bal- DOMENICI, the chairman of the Budget increasing the deficit. ancing document and spend $170 billion Committee. He is an extremely capable For entitlement spending and reve- that we do not have and will, in all and bright and dedicated Senator, and nues, this budget resolution is no dif- likelihood, never have on a tax cut. It he has demonstrated a great deal of ferent—no different—from any of the is folly. Here we go again. Like the old courage in bringing this resolution for- other budget resolutions in the past. In song says: ‘‘Livin’ on money that we ward. fact, the proposed balanced budget ain’t made yet.’’ But I like to look at history in a sit- amendment to the Constitution suffers ‘‘Livin’ on money that we ain’t made uation like this, just as in many other from the same flaw. We pointed that yet.’’ That money is not going to be situations. I have related some recent out time and time again in the debate. there when the day rolls around. history to show that budget resolutions That amendment suffered from that In case I am wrong, I do not support have a way of being overly optimistic flaw. Human beings simply cannot ac- the use of any resulting windfall for and that there are conditions that curately forecast budgets 7 years, or 5 tax cuts. And I do not care who rec- occur in the economy which, in the years or 4 years or 3 years or 2 years, ommends the tax cuts. It can be Presi- final analysis, result in changing the or even 1 year in advance. This budget dent Clinton, if he wants to. I am not expected and hoped-for outcomes of the resolution is no different from the going down that road with him. I do budget resolutions. budget resolution for fiscal year 1991 not think he should have gone down I also compliment Senator EXON, who which, as I have already pointed out, that road. I do not think anybody has done a fine job, a dedicated job on was not worth the paper it was written ought to be recommending tax cuts at the Budget Committee. It is not easy. on. When all is said and done, it was this time. I am not supporting Mr. And all of the members on that com- not worth the paper it was written on. Clinton and I am not supporting the mittee are to be complimented. I am It took CBO just 1 month—1 month—to Republicans on any tax cuts. not on the committee, and I do not change the revenues downward and the If there are any windfalls, we should envy those who have worked so hard. entitlements upward. The pending res- apply them toward the deficit rather They have spent hours and days and olution will not improve the negative than give them away in tax cuts. That weeks, and they have done their best. I effects of those misestimates for reve- is what we wanted to do. We want to know they have done their best. nues and entitlements at all. balance the budget. It is the height of I know the Senator from New Mexico This brings me to a final area of the ridiculosity to propose tax cuts for the has done his best. He believes in this pending resolution, which is disturbing wealthy which total over $350 billion product. But he has no control over the to me, perhaps as much as any of the over the next 7 years, while at the future. Nobody has any control over to- other matters I have raised, if not same time we are devastating domestic morrow. ‘‘Boast not thyself of tomor- more. That is the portion of this budg- discretionary programs that are invest- row, for thou knowest not what a day et resolution which states that after ments in the Nation’s future and in the may bring forth.’’ Recessions can enactment of reconciliation, the Con- people’s future. occur, military conflicts may arise. gressional Budget Office will provide I believe that the other side of the There are things we cannot foresee. We the Senate with a revised estimate of aisle would do well to tone down the cannot foresee what inflation will be, the deficit for the years 1996 through partisan rhetoric and the blame game. what the unemployment rate will be, 2005, and if there is any additional def- Democrats did not put us in this down- what the gross domestic product will icit reduction, the ‘‘surplus’’ can be ward spiral. We all had a hand in it. We be, what interest rates will be. used for a cut in revenues. The resolu- had a Democratic House, but we had a In closing, I compliment the man- tion would not allow the surplus to be Republican President and we had a Re- agers and I hope that what I had to say explicitly used for additional deficit re- publican Senate. Democrats have done today will be of some benefit and that duction or to lessen the impact of pro- their best to lead the efforts to elimi- it will at least cause us to look back posed Medicare or Medicaid cuts. nate the Federal deficit in the past. We over the road we have traveled in the CBO has already indicated that if the recognize it has to be done. We did not past and possibly to temper what we deficit is eliminated by the year 2002, ignore the problem in the past. We did may have to say with regard to the fu- there will be a ‘‘bonus surplus’’ gained not ignore it in 1993, and we stand ture’s optimist projections. from a reduction in interest rates and ready to do our part again to do what Madam President, how much time do an improvement of one-tenth of a per- is necessary to achieve budget balance. I have left? centage point in the growth rate. The But it is obvious that we cannot do this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mark requires the fiscal dividend to be if all we are interested in is partisan- ator has 2 minutes 10 seconds remain- limited to the amount CBO certifies is ship. Virtually every substantive ing. the additional deficit reduction that amendment that was offered by Demo- Mr. BYRD. I yield back my 2 min- results from the enactment of rec- crats in the Budget Committee markup utes. onciliation legislation based upon the was rejected on a party line vote. Here Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, I Republican mark. on the Senate floor, the same partisan yield myself 1 minute off my side. Be- Madam President, first of all, I do approach has been used by the Repub- fore he leaves the floor, I thank Sen- not believe there will be any windfall if lican majority. ator BYRD very much for his remarks.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7161 I know we do not agree on the details, Mr. BYRD. Madam President, I In September of last year on the but I thank him very much for the way thank both managers of the bill. north plaza of the Capitol Building, Re- in which he described the Budget Com- Mr. DOMENICI. Senator GRAMM of publican candidates for the U.S. Sen- mittee, as hard-working people. It is Texas is going to offer an amendment. ate, in fact, every Republican chal- very hard to get people together on Technically, under the rules, I am sup- lenger in the country that was running such diverse issues. I compliment Sen- posed to manage the opposition. But I in an open seat or against a Demo- ator EXON for his hard work. Again, I choose today to designate, if he will as- cratic incumbent except one who could thank Senator BYRD for his remarks. sume the responsibility, Senator EXON not be there on that occasion, gathered There is no question that if we could as the manager in opposition to the Re- to issue to America, a statement that predict with specificity exactly what publican amendment. we called ‘‘7 more in ’94.’’ will happen 3 years, 7 years, 20 years Mr. EXON. I appreciate those re- I want to read the opening part of from now, we would be greater than marks by Senator DOMENICI. We are that statement, and then I want to the Roman Senate. But in any event, prepared to cooperate as he has out- refer to a couple of things in it. We we cannot do that. I understand we are lined. If I understand it correctly, we said, ‘‘We pledge to the American peo- doing our very best. But I think the as- are now moving back and forth, and we ple that if they empower us as a major- sumptions and expectations of this are now prepared to listen to the begin- ity in the U.S. Senate on November 8, budget are realistically conservative in ning of the debate on what I under- terms of economics and the like, even stand is called the Gramm amendment. 1994, we will dedicate ourselves to the more so than the President’s budget, We are prepared for that if the Chair is. adoption of these legislative prior- which did not do much to the deficit The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ities.’’ Among those priorities, we had but had less conservative estimates in Chair recognizes the senior Senator a tax exemption for children, we had the next 4 years. I thank him for his re- from Texas. the reestablishment of individual re- tirement accounts for families, we had marks. AMENDMENT NO. 1123 I yield the floor. the reduction of the capital gains tax Mr. EXON. Madam President, let me (Purpose: Setting forth the congressional rate, and the indexing of capital gains, budget for the United States Government take a moment and thank my friend for the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and we pledged to repeal the earnings and colleague, the chairman of the 2000, 2001, and 2002) test under Social Security. committee, Senator DOMENICI, with Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I One week later, as everyone in Amer- whom I have worked for a long, long send an amendment to the desk and time. I have saluted him during this ica now knows, Republican candidates ask for its immediate consideration. debate before and I do so again now. for the House of Representatives gath- I also want to take a moment to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ered on the west front of the Capitol compliment my very dear friend, the clerk will report. and presented their Contract With senior Senator from West Virginia, for The assistant legislative clerk read America which outlined two goals as it his outstandingly considerate and as follows: related to the budget. thoughtful remarks. I just hope that The Senator from Texas [Mr. GRAMM], for One goal was to balance the Federal himself, Mr. COATS, Mr. COVERDELL, Mr. the Senate will be wise enough to rec- budget, a commitment we also had ognize and realize that someone with CRAIG, Mr. FAIRCLOTH, Mr. GRAMS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. KEMPTHORNE, Mr. KYL, Mr. LOTT, made 1 week earlier on the northern the wisdom, dedication and the Mr. MACK, Mr. MCCAIN and Mr. SMITH, pro- approach to the Capitol; and also they evenhandedness that has been part and poses an amendment numbered 1123. outlined a comprehensive program to parcel of Senator BYRD’s lengthy and Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I ask cut taxes, to let families keep more of very distinguished career would give us unanimous consent that reading of the what they earn, to provide incentives pause for consideration. I think some- amendment be dispensed with. for people to work and to save and to times we get carried away, and I can The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without invest. think back and make talks on several objection, it is so ordered. measures that have been introduced in That was in September 1994. We all (The text of the amendment is print- the U.S. Senate to solve the deficit know that the American people on No- problem. I voted against most of them ed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Amend- vember 8 changed American Govern- because I did not think they held ments Submitted.’’) ment in the most sweeping congres- water. Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I ask sional election since 1932. We won a I simply say that there are many unanimous consent further reading be majority in both Houses of Congress. concerns that we have on both sides of dispensed with. The House of Representatives, good to the aisle. Some of the sharp debate we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without its word, not only made promises in have had on this measure is a very le- objection, it is so ordered. the campaign but they fulfilled each gitimate process of the consideration— Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I and every one of those promises. They the debate and deliberations that the have offered an amendment which will adopted a budget last week that bal- U.S. Senate has been known for a long reduce government spending from the anced the Federal budget over a 7-year time. level recommended in the Senate budg- period and that mandated tax cuts as As a personal aside, let me say that I et, that will include the heart of the they had outlined in the Contract With have often said with my experience in tax cuts contained in the Contract America. politics, the great reward has been the With America, and that will, for all Now, that brings the Senate to this people that I have met and have been practical purposes, bring the budget point in the debate. Where we are associated with that would have never which is now under consideration in today is that we have a budget before come my way had I not been chosen by the Senate into line with the budget the Senate that fulfills half the fiscal the great people of the State of Ne- that has already been adopted in the commitments we made that September braska to represent them as Governor House. day. We have before the Senate a budg- and then as a U.S. Senator. One of the In short, if the amendment that I et that over a 7-year-period limits the finest things that has happened to this have offered is adopted, we can vir- growth of Government spending to 3.3 Senator, with all of the outstanding tually guarantee that the tax cuts percent a year, down from an average people that I have met and been associ- which Republicans across the land ated with and worked with, Senator committed to in the 1994 elections will of about 5.5 percent a year growth over the previous 5 years, down from about BYRD has always been a pillar of what become the law of the land. I think a U.S. Senator should be all I would like to outline what this de- 7.5 percent growth in Government about. And I think the remarks that he bate is about. I would like to talk spending since 1950. just gave demonstrate better than I about the amendment. I would like to As a result of constraining the could have said it how important he outline what the amendment does, and growth in Government spending, the has been and remains as a Member of then I would like to talk about the budget that is before the Senate is a this body. I thank my friend from West issue that we are going to decide when budget that will achieve balance over a Virginia. we cast a vote on this amendment. 7-year-period.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 I want to congratulate Senator process of phasing out the so-called the spending. In the amendment that I DOMENICI. I want to congratulate my marriage penalty, this perverse provi- have offered, the family will do the colleagues for having achieved half of sion in the Tax Code where if two peo- spending. I know Government and I the commitment that we made prior to ple with incomes meet, fall in love, and know the family and I know the dif- the elections in 1994. decide to get married, they pay the ference. I believe if the American fam- My amendment today seeks to Government as much as $4,500 a year— ily is allowed to have a $500 tax credit achieve the other half of those commit- for the right to be married—in addi- per child so parents can spend more of ments. Now, what is the difference at tional taxes; this amendment reestab- their own money on their own children, this moment between the House budget lishes individual retirement accounts on their own future, that they will do and the Senate budget? Stated in its for all Americans; it allows spouses a better job in spending that money most simple terms, the budget that we working in the home to have an indi- than the Federal Government is doing. are considering in the Senate spends vidual retirement account on exactly In the House they propose elimi- $175 billion more on nondefense spend- the same basis as if they worked out- nating public funding for public tele- ing programs over the next 7 years side the home; it allows the deduction vision. In the House, they propose than the budget which was adopted in with a credit for expenses in adopting a eliminating the Federal Department of the House. That is the first difference. child; it raises the threshold for the Education. And they give part of that Our budget spends a lot more money earnings test under Social Security so money back to parents, to let parents than the House budget spends, on non- that if senior citizens need to work to decide how it is spent. I believe that is defense expenditures. supplement their income, if they have a clear choice and I want to be abso- The second difference is that the the ability to work, they can do it lutely certain that people know that budget in the Senate does not mandate without losing Social Security in the we can make that choice in this a tax cut, whereas the budget in the process; and finally, if someone takes amendment. If you want families to House does. care of an elderly person in their home, spend more of their own money rather My amendment is a very simple they are allowed a credit for part of than having the Government spend it, amendment. What my amendment does those expenses. you want to be for this amendment. is make two changes in spending. No. 1, This, in essence, is the tax cut that is Second, this amendment cuts the it phases in the reductions in the contained in the House budget and is capital gains tax rate, provides incen- growth of spending under Medicaid so the heart of the Contract With Amer- tives for investment, and I know there that while Medicaid expenditures grow ica. will be those in this debate who will every year over the next 7 years, and Now, let me take on the issues that say this helps rich people. ‘‘If you cut while Medicaid grows faster than Gov- are going to be raised. There are going the capital gains tax rate, rich people ernment spending is growing, we slow to be some people who will say, ‘‘Look, are going to exploit the situation be- down the rate of growth in Medicaid let us balance the budget before we cause what they are going to do is mo- more quickly under the substitute talk about tax cuts.’’ bilize their money; they are going to That is very easy to respond to. We which I have offered than under the invest it; they will create jobs. But if are both balancing the budget. The budget that is currently pending before they are successful, they will earn prof- DOMENICI budget balances the budget, the Senate. its.’’ certifies the savings, locks them in Many people believe that those sav- Welcome to America. That is how our with enforcement mechanisms, and so ings are not only achievable but desir- system works. If we want people to cre- does the amendment I have offered. In able. ate jobs there has to be an incentive to terms of balancing the budget, both The most significant change in do it. I do not understand people who amendments will balance the Federal spending that I have proposed in this love jobs but hate the people who cre- budget. amendment reduces nondefense discre- What my amendment does is spend ate them. I do not understand how we tionary spending below the level con- less money, and by reducing spending can expect people to make investments tained in the budget that is before the by $142 billion over the next 7 years, and take risks, and yet somehow resent Senate, so that overall we are spending my amendment makes it possible for allowing them to benefit when they are $142 billion less under my amendment us to adopt as part of the reconcili- successful from the investments they than we are spending in the budget ation process a tax cut, fulfill the com- make and the risks they take. As I listen to all this talk about rich that is currently before the Senate. mitment we made in the campaign, and people versus poor people, it has start- If we look at this chart, Mr. Presi- to do something more: To begin the dent, it shows basically what the process of not only balancing the budg- ed me thinking about my own life’s ex- amendment does to spending. The red et but changing who is doing the spend- perience. I have been blessed in having line is a line that shows the growth of ing in America. a lot of jobs in my life, especially when Government spending under the The debate here is really between I was growing up. I worked as a peanut Domenici budget; that growth averages those who say we want the Government processor, I worked in a cabinet shop, I 3.3 percent a year. to spend $142 billion more, in the Sen- worked in a boat factory, in addition to What my amendment does, by reduc- ate, than Government spends in the all the jobs we all had working in a ing the growth of discretionary spend- House budget, and those who support grocery store, throwing a newspaper. ing, and by phasing in savings in Med- my amendment and say let us have the No poor person ever hired me in my icaid more quickly, rather than grow- Federal Government spend $142 billion life. Every job I ever got in my life, I ing at 3.3 percent a year, Government less so families can spend more of their got because somebody beat me to the spending would grow at approximately own money on their own children, so bottom rung of the economic ladder, 3 percent a year. Government is still that businesses can invest more of climbed up, saved his money, invested spending more each year than it spent their own money in their own busi- it wisely, and made it possible for the year before, but not spending as nesses. someone like me to get my foot on the much as it would have spent had this I know there are those who will say bottom rung of the economic ladder. amendment not been adopted. this is a debate about how much money What my amendment seeks to do, by This amendment then provides for we spend on children, this is a debate cutting the capital gains tax rate and tax cuts for the American people. about how much money we spend on by providing incentives for people to These tax cuts basically contain the education, housing, and nutrition. But work and to save and to invest, is to following items: A $500 tax credit per this is not a debate about how much guarantee that tens of millions of addi- child; cutting the capital gains tax rate money we spend on children. It is not a tional young Americans will get an op- by 50 percent and indexing it for infla- debate about how much money is spent portunity to put their foot on the bot- tion; estate tax relief for small busi- on nutrition or housing or education. tom rung of the economic ladder and ness and small farms; faster deprecia- It is a debate about who is going to do start climbing up themselves. By cut- tion through expensing for small busi- the spending. ting discretionary spending we have ness to encourage investment in small In the budget that is before us, the the opportunity to cut programs where business in America; beginning the Government is going to continue to do Government is subsidizing business

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7163 and, instead, cut the capital gains tax investment. As Government does less, unfairness of the tax cut proposed by rate and provide investment incentives it is important that we give parents some Members on the other side of the so that investment decisions are not the ability to do more by letting them aisle. The American people are wise to made by the Government but where in- keep more of their own money. It is Republican tax shenanigans that ben- vestment decisions are made in the pri- important, as Government does less, efit the wealthiest in this Nation. The vate sector of the economy. that we provide incentives for business amendment that has just been offered Some people are going to say, ‘‘Look, to do more in creating jobs and growth by the Senator from Texas embraces we ought to forget this $500 tax credit and opportunity. the unworkable and unrealistic tax cut per child because it is not enough I think that is especially true given described by Speaker GINGRICH as, money to make any difference.’’ For a that we are going to reform the welfare ‘‘The heart and soul, the crown jewel of two-child family, this $500 tax credit is system and we are going to ask mil- the Contract With America.’’ going to mean that family is going to lions of people to get out of the welfare It is a phony jewel at best and a very get to keep $1,000 more every year of wagon and help the rest of us pull. Cut- deceptive one, I hasten to suggest. The what they earn to invest in their own ting the capital gains tax rate, pro- plain fact is that we cannot afford a children. That may not be much money viding incentives for investment and tax cut, and there should not be one in in Washington, DC, but in Texas, where growth I think is a vital part of this. this budget if we are going to balance I am from, the ability of a family to Finally, we had an election. We all the budget. Our primary goal, the goal spend $1,000 more of its own money on see the results of that election. We that the American people overwhelm- its own children is real money. The have a Republican majority. We have ingly endorse, should be to reduce the fact that that is not real money in 54 Republicans in the Senate. We have deficit. A tax cut like the one in the Washington, DC, tells you something a Republican majority in the House for House Contract With America would about the problems that we have in the first time in 40 years. We won that only add to the problem by forcing us Washington, DC. I think these are election based on commitments that to make even deeper and more painful changes we need to make. we made to the American people, and spending cuts. So here is the choice we are about. in terms of the budget we committed Poll after poll has shown that voters The choice is this. The House of Rep- to do two things. No. 1 to balance the want Congress to get the Nation’s fis- resentatives has controlled Govern- Federal budget. That is a commitment cal house in order by balancing the ment spending, and using the words we on which we are clearly going to de- budget, not by cutting taxes. use in Washington, cut Government liver. But we also committed to reduce Mr. President, we have just spent the spending. Even though spending grows spending further so that families can majority of Friday and Monday talking every year in their budget, it just does keep more of what they earn and so about the draconian impact of the Re- not grow as fast as it would have grown that businesses can make more invest- publican budget cuts. Those cuts are in had they not changed policies. But in ment decisions to create more jobs, Medicare, and lower income bene- the House, they spent roughly $175 bil- more growth, more opportunity for our ficiaries are all going to suffer. We also lion less on nondefense spending than people. That is a commitment that we talked about Medicare cuts and the the budget that we are now considering are not going to fulfill unless we adopt cuts to education, the cuts to the EITC in the Senate. My amendment simply this amendment. program, the cuts to veterans pro- cuts spending by roughly that amount Finally, before I yield the floor and grams, and the cuts to agriculture. But and gives that money back to parents allow the opposition to speak and begin no matter how the deficit is elimi- to invest in their own children, cuts to recognize our colleagues who are co- nated, the fact is that achieving bal- the capital gains tax rate, encourages sponsors to the amendment, let me say ance is an extraordinarily difficult and savings and investment by changing this. I know there are others who are painful task. It requires more than $1 the tax code so that rather than the talking about cutting a deal—compro- trillion in spending cuts—cuts that Government spending this $175 billion, mising, coming up with a temporary have a real impact on real people. Add- it can be spent in the private sector, tax cut. I think if we are going to ing tax cuts to the mix would only en- where families and businesses are mak- change America, if we are going to sure that the pain goes even deeper. ing the decisions instead of the Govern- change Government policy, we have to And in this budget that translates to ment. stop cutting deals in Washington, DC. even harsher treatment for our seniors, This is not a debate about balancing We promised that we would do this in our schools and education, our chil- the budget. Both budgets balance the the election. As chairman of the Re- dren, and the least well off in our soci- budget. This is not a debate about publican senatorial committee, I went ety. spending money on children or invest- all over the country and with Repub- There has also been a great deal of ing in businesses. Both budgets do lican candidates everywhere com- talk in this Chamber especially about that. But it is a debate about who is mitted to this program, and so did oth- the so-called economic bonus that will going to do the spending. Under my ers of our colleagues on the Republican magically occur if this budget is en- amendment, families will do more side of the aisle. acted. According to CBO, it would be spending and the Government will do Now we come down to the moment of possible for a total of some $170 billion less spending. Under my amendment, truth. There are many who say, look, it over the next 7 years and balloon to Government will make fewer invest- was hard enough balancing the budget. $356 billion over 10 years if those fig- ment decisions and private business This was excruciatingly painful. This ures work out—if those figures work will make more investment decisions. was difficult. We do not want to go the out. The bonus has become the financ- Not only do I believe this is good pol- final step to live up to what we com- ing source for the tax cuts being advo- icy, I think it is important for two rea- mitted in the election. cated by our friends on the other side sons. One is economic and one is polit- I think that is a mistake. I think of the aisle. If this bonus does occur— ical. America will be richer and freer and and I think that point is very debat- Economically, I think the economy is happier if we do it. It is not only the able—I submit there are many better beginning to soften. Economically, I right thing to do economically, it is purposes to which it could and should think we are beginning to feel, now, the right thing to do because we com- be put. In fact, the driving force behind the impact of the tax increase that was mitted to do it. the Democratic amendments center on adopted 2 years ago. I reserve the remainder of our time. this very issue. I think the impact is being felt on Mr. FEINGOLD addressed the Chair. The question is very simple: Should the American economy, and I think we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who any economic bonus be reserved for tax are beginning to see troublesome signs yields time? cuts for the best off in our society or in the economy. I think it is very im- Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. should it be used to soften the blows of portant, as part of this budget, because The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- some of the extraordinarily harsh cuts we want it to work and we want to bal- ator from Nebraska. that will be meted out under the plan? ance the budget, that we as part of this Mr. EXON. Mr. President, we have Our position is very simple: we cannot budget provide incentives for private spent a lot of time discussing the basic afford a tax cut. It makes the job of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 balancing the budget just that much I yield 10 minutes to the distin- every town in between. People feel as if more difficult and disproportionately guished Senator from Minnesota, Sen- their own Government has let them unfair. ator GRAMS. down; that somehow Government has Furthermore, in the event that an Mr. GRAMS. I thank the Senator gotten off the right track. economic bonus or surplus should ac- very much. And I want to thank him ‘‘I urge you to continue to cut taxes crue as a result of the painful choices very much for giving me the time on and cut spending and cut the Federal that are being made, this bonus should this amendment, and also give a lot of bureaucracy,’’ writes Ralph Grant of be used to lessen the pain of those cuts credit to the Senator from Texas for Rockford, MN. rather than a tax cut and thus better bringing this amendment to the floor. ‘‘There is more than enough waste assuring a realistic balanced budget by Mr. President, we have heard strong and fraud and pork and duplication in a day certain. and passionate statements from my the Federal budget to sustain a severe That is where we stand, Mr. Presi- colleagues on the subject of the $500 reduction without affecting any nec- dent, and that is where the American per-child tax credit and other tax re- essary and required services.’’ people stand, too. That is where real- ductions. Minnetrista residents Kathy and istic and reasonable people stand. I cer- But there is one thing we have not Gary Hejna agree: tainly strongly recommend that we heard. We believe this country was built with disapprove the amendment offered by We have not heard from the people hard work and sacrifice, not sympathy and the Senator from Texas. themselves, those who would benefit handouts. We also believe that we can spend this Mr. FEINGOLD addressed the Chair. most from tax relief, those who pay the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. money more effectively than the Govern- bills—that is, the middle-class Ameri- ment, who has only succeeded in creating a SMITH). Who yields time? cans who work every day—and a lot of Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, if we go permanent, dependent welfare class with our nights and weekends, too—just trying money over the last 40 years. back and forth—— to make a better life for themselves, Any bill that takes money away from the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Government and gives it to the families, the ator from Texas is recognized. their children, their families. And they do it at the same time they basic unit of society, can only benefit every- Mr. GRAMM. Let me respond very one in this country. briefly and then I would yield to Sen- are paying more and more taxes to the Federal Government. With seven children, Kathy and Gary ator GRAMS. Who is speaking up for them? Who is would receive a tax credit of $3,500 Mr. President, let me first say that every year under the Gramm amend- the amendment I have offered cuts speaking up for the taxpayers? As their elected representatives, it is ment. spending by another $142 billion to Think what a difference an extra make it possible for us to let families supposed to be us. But sometimes I am not so sure we are. $3,500 could mean for a family. keep more of what they earn and to It could mean health insurance, a provide incentives for businesses to in- November was only 6 months ago, but in a city where the headline-making special education for a gifted child, or vest their own money in their own fu- simple necessities like groceries and ture and generate jobs. political promises of yesterday too often end up lining the bottom of the clothing. I hear our colleagues on the Demo- Think how the $500 per-child tax bird cage, the message of November al- cratic side of the aisle talking about credit could strengthen the American ready seems to have been forgotten by difficult choices. I am not aware that a family. single one of them plans to make a sin- many of us in the Senate. Kathleen and William Bart of Rose- And so, if not us, who is speaking up gle difficult choice, and these are dif- ville have given it a lot of thought. ‘‘A for the taxpayers? ficult choices being made by Repub- $500 Federal tax credit for each depend- Believe me, Mr. President, they may licans. Their proposal is that if we ent is not a Federal hand-out,’’ they not be here to speak for themselves, make the difficult choices so that we write, ‘‘but would allow parents to but they have a voice in this debate, balance the budget, if any benefit keep more of the money that they and they have a right to be heard should accrue from that we allow Gov- make and to use it to care for their ernment to spend the benefits. Our pro- today. Fortunately, the taxpayers in my own children. posal is that if we make the tough ‘‘A $500 Federal tax credit for each State of Minnesota are prolific letter- choices and benefits accrue as a result dependent would unquestionably writers. And, thanks to their letters, of those tough choices in lower interest strengthen many families—especially some of which I have brought with me rates and higher growth because we middle-class and economically-dis- to the floor, they will be heard today. have balanced the budget, because the advantaged families.’’ Government is not borrowing half of And this is just a very small sample Lori Brandt, who lives in Plymouth, all the money that is loaned in Amer- but a representation of what I have re- MN, has thought about it, too. ‘‘Fami- ica, we give that money back to the ceived in the mail. lies desperately need a break today,’’ Listen carefully—their thoughtful people who earned the money to begin she says, ‘‘and tax relief is long over- words reflect a deep dissatisfaction with, the people who do the work, pay due.’’ the taxes, and pull the wagon. with the status quo in Washington. From Duluth came this letter by Jus- So I do not think the distinction be- Listen to Ralph Krasky of Min- tin Black. ‘‘So many families starting tween the two visions for the future neapolis: out these days are as poor as dirt be- that we are debating here could be any We are just being killed in taxes. We both cause they have to pay so much taxes clearer. work and all we do is save for April 15. Let when they haven’t had the time to I do not think the American people us keep what we make. After all, it is not the government’s money. It is our money. barely start their lives. believe that the tax cuts adopted in the ‘‘They need a break like this tax bill House of Representatives are unreason- Or listen to Elaine Haataja, 53 years so they can afford to raise a healthy able or unworkable. I do not think the old and living in Menagha. family. Remember: they’re the hope for American people think that the idea of She lost her husband to cancer a year the next generation and they need to letting families spend more of their ago: have a strong family life to take over own money by having Government I am very angry at our Federal and State where the last generation left off.’’ spend less of it is an unrealistic or un- tax system. I had no choice but to go to work ‘‘My husband, Jay, is an executive workable idea. In fact, it has worked in for $5 an hour to support myself and keep up with a small manufacturing business the taxes and insurance on my house and reverse for 40 years. The average fam- car. and I am a mother and homemaker, as ily in 1950, with two children, sent $1 ‘‘I receive $700 a month from my husband’s well as teacher to our two small chil- out of every $50 it earned to Wash- pension, which isn’t enough a month to pay dren,’’ says Patty Meacham of Audu- ington. Today, it is sending $1 out of utilities and insurance plus the upkeep on bon, MN, in her letter to my office. every $4. the house and my old car. And now I have to ‘‘We are helping to support Jay’s 69- I am just proposing to take a very pay $1,100 for Federal and State taxes. year-old-mother, because we don’t feel small step back in the right direction The frustration is real, Mr. Presi- the government should be responsible for a change. dent, in Minneapolis, in Menagha, and for every person within our borders.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7165 ‘‘Tax cuts would enable us to do ‘‘The government can’t seem to get Nebraska said a few moments ago the much more Grandma, and perhaps she enough of my money. Last year, I tax cut would more deeply increase the could get off the rolls of people accept- worked two jobs—seven days per pain to balance the budget. The pain of ing rent assistance. week—and my wife worked full time to the tax burden on this country’s fami- ‘‘It is no source of pride for us that try and support ourselves and three lies is growing more and more, and she has to go to a government agency children. they are demanding and asking for tax for help, but how can we do what is ‘‘After all we’ve paid in, we still owe relief. right for her, when we are so greatly $1,000 more. Please convince your fel- strapped by the tax burden placed upon low Senators how important it is to I strongly urge my colleagues to sup- us?’’ cut taxes. I wonder sometimes if the port and adopt the Gramm amendment. A young couple from Coon Rapids Republicans in the Senate really get The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time tried to but a new home to fulfill the it.’’ of the Senator from Minnesota has ex- American dream, only to learn after Dean Fairbrother of Minneapolis has pired. meeting with their realtor that they the same concerns. ‘‘The status-quo, Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. simply could not afford to do it on too-cautious approach exemplified by their own. many of the senior members of the Re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ‘‘I have finally reached the point of publican Senate caucus is unaccept- ator from Nebraska. complete frustration and anger over able. Keep pushing for family tax re- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, what I am the amount of taxes being deducted lief,’’ he urged. hearing in the Senate today is almost from my check each month,’’ said their ‘‘Ignore the tired lamentations com- word for word what I heard in the early letter. ing from the Old Bulls. They are ‘‘When we got home that evening my 1980’s: Give the people a tax cut and do wrong—you, me, and the majority of not worry about the deficit. We are for husband and I sat down with our check- Americans pleading for such relief are book and our bills and tried to deter- tax cuts, too, but only after we get our dead right.’’ deficit under control. mine what we were doing wrong. After The letter-writer who leveled the taking everything into consideration harshest criticism at this Chamber is I yield 5 minutes to my colleague we determined that we weren’t spend- Folkert Breitsma of Maple Grove, who from Wisconsin. ing our money foolishly. writes: ‘‘The only real problem we found was Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I cer- ‘‘It is a disgrace to see billions of our tainly thank the Senator from Ne- when we looked at our paycheck stubs money squandered by politicians who and actually realized how much of our braska, and I want to say I admire how are out of touch with real life and have straightforward the Senator from income was going to pay for taxes. the audacity to say that the national ‘‘It saddens me to think of how hard Texas is with his amendment and his government can be entrusted with the my husband and I work and how much approach. He lays it right on the line. money—that they know what is good time we have to spend away from our He believes we can afford at this point for us. daughter to be at work*** and we a $350 billion tax cut and still balance ‘‘I have watched the Senate stone- still cannot ‘reach the American the budget. wall most of the initiatives brought dream.’’’ In fact, I appreciate the candor of the The $500 per-child tax credit would forth by the House. It is defended by whole Republican contract in admit- help families like Natalie’s realize the Senators as being ‘more deliberate’ ting that this really is the centerpiece, their dreams. And Minnesotans know it and ‘take time to study the initia- this is the crown jewel of the Repub- will help the economy, too. tives.’ David Clark, a taxpayer from Eden ‘‘However it is promoted, I see it as lican contract, as stated by the Speak- Prairie writes: ‘‘Taxation is an awe- stonewalling by a group of people that er and as stated by the Senator from some burden in the U.S. today, and it do not have a clear vision of what they Texas. is sucking away resources from the want to achieve and have the arro- I was amazed when they first came economy that could be used to create gance to claim they know what is best up with that formulation. Of all the jobs and opportunities for everyone, in- for the country.’’ different things you could pick from Those are strong words—not my cluding the poor. the Republican contract: regulatory re- words, but words in which I find a good ‘‘I urge you to use the new Repub- form, trying to get the Government off deal of truth. lican majority to enact the legislation our back; line-item veto; the balanced needed to get the Government off our But there is hope, Mr. President—the hope offered by the $500 per-child tax budget amendment—for a moment I backs.’’ thought that was the crown jewel of Walter Wilder, a doctor from Edina, credit we debate today. Mr. President, look what the $500 the Republican contract—the issue of writes: ‘‘Tax cuts will help to balance unfunded mandates we already dealt the budget by stimulating growth, per-child tax credit could do for the with; issues having to do with Con- bringing in more income, including Minnesotans who wrote asking for our gress, living by the rules that it cre- from the high-income people.’’ help: And J. Randy Brown of Oakdale says: We would return $1.4 million to the ates for others. All of these things are ‘‘I agree with your position that tax people of Wadena County, home of apparently swept aside when it comes cuts are also a necessary part of the Elaine Haataja; we would return $48.7 to the importance of delivering a tax overall budget solution. Reduced taxes million to the people of Ramsey Coun- cut at this time even though this coun- will result in renewed growth, job-cre- ty, home of the Bart Family; $3 million try has reached a $5 trillion debt and a ating, and the result of that would be to Becker County, home of the deficit that has only recently been increased revenues.’’ Meacham Family; $20.8 million to brought down through the efforts of Mr. President, if it were up to the Washington County, home of the the Clinton administration. American people, we would have tax re- Browns; and $101.5 million would be re- So I agree with the Senator from lief, and the vote would not even be turned to Hennepin County, which the Texas. This is the key amendment on close. Brandts, the Breitsmas, the Kraskys, this whole issue. The Senator says that The House heard the people and the Hulsts, and the Fairbrothers call the tax cut is the heart of the Contract passed its budget last week, with the home. With America. Well, this is the test: Is $500 per-child tax credit as its center- By passing the $500 per-child tax your heart with the tax cuts or is your credit, we would return $500 million to piece. heart with deficit reduction? You can- But now it is our turn. The American Minnesota families—$25 billion annu- not have it both ways, and this is the people are not sure we are up to the ally to families across America. test and this is what the American peo- task. And I am afraid they may be We have heard what the people have ple are looking for. right. to say. I think the question, again, is ‘‘I just finished my ’94 taxes. What a who is speaking up for the taxpayers? What is very unfortunate is that the disappointment,’’ writes Tim Hulst of As I close, Mr. President, I want to Senator from Texas fails to tell what New Hope. remark that the senior Senator from this amendment really does. It takes

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 $170 billion that is already in the budg- Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the ranking The lessons that we have learned et resolution, adds that much again, member very much. from decades of social spending are makes the cuts deeper for the various Mr. President, this amendment, more clear: Government programs have prov- programs that are going to be cut, and than anything else, offends the com- en incapable of fighting social despair you know what, Mr. President, it still mon sense of the American people— and disorder. But strong families can, does not balance the budget in the year they know better than we do—if we and it is time to admit that when fami- 2002, unless you take the money of So- vote for this. It offends them because lies fail, so does our society. It is also cial Security. they know darn well you cannot bal- time to understand that when our fam- This is not a balanced budget in the ance the budget and spend $350 billion ilies are involved and favored and sup- first place, Mr. President, and this on tax cuts and tell them it is going to ported, they construct a hopeful future amendment will only make it worse. work. It does not work. It is phony and for America. Do not let anyone on the Republican it should be defeated. side kid you, this budget resolution I thank the Chair. This Congress today is presented does not balance the budget in the year Mr. GRAMM addressed the Chair. with a choice between the failed, dis- 2002, unless you take the money from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time credited compassion of Government Social Security. So this amendment of the Senator from Wisconsin has ex- and the proven power of strong families cannot possibly solve that problem. pired. The Senator from Texas. to build hope in their children and The Senator from Texas talks about Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I know order in our society. two visions. He sees this as all about it breaks the hearts of our colleagues, I believe, Mr. President, it is a trans- whether we are going to return the but in this amendment, I am proposing parent ploy to say this is simply a mat- money to the people. But that is not cutting Government spending, their what the November 8 election was all ter of rich versus poor. Rather, it is a precious programs, so that families can matter of where resources and author- about. I think both in 1992 and 1994, the spend their own money on their own American people spoke with a very ity should rest: in Government or in children on their own future, and in- our families and our communities? clear voice. They did not call for tax vest in their own businesses. If that cuts. They said get rid of the Federal violates common sense, I think it says Much of the opposition to tax relief deficit, get rid of the huge interest pay- there is a difference between common seems to be based on a myth, a myth ments we have to pay on the debt, do sense in Washington, DC, and on the that tax cuts somehow waste the Gov- not saddle our children and our grand- floor of the U.S. Senate as compared to ernment’s money. children with this deficit. That was the common sense around every kitchen The Government produces nothing. It message in 1992 and it was the message table in the kitchen of every working has no resources of its own to spend. in 1994. It is not a partisan message. family in America. People are just saying, clean up the Tax cuts are not a waste of Govern- I yield 8 minutes to the Senator from ment funds; they are simply a method mess that was made in the 1980’s that Indiana, Senator COATS. the Senator from Nebraska just re- to allow Americans to keep their own Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I thank money. They are a method to build ferred to. my fellow Senator from Texas, Senator The amendment of the Senator from working independence as an alter- GRAMM, for yielding, and I rise today in Texas would make the mess much native to Government paternalism very strong support of his amendment, worse. It would say that even though which has proven so destructive, de- which has the courage to confront an all these deep cuts are being made in so spite the honorable intentions of its issue that I believe is essential to our many important human programs, we proponents. future: The preservation of the Amer- still have $350 billion in spare change ican family. It is tax cuts that are the best form around for tax cuts. I do not think any- The amendment before us strength- of social investment, an investment in one out there really believes that. ens—not weakens—strengthens the the ability of people to care for them- Let me agree with the Senator from selves. In 1993, the Bipartisan Commis- Texas that this should not be about budget resolution by recognizing that sion on America’s Urban Families class warfare. I support neither the cutting budgets and cutting taxes are found that, ‘‘The trend of family frag- Senator’s proposal nor the proposal for part of the same movement in Amer- mentation drives the Nation’s most a tax cut in the budget resolution, nor ica, a movement to limit our Govern- pressing social problems—crime, edu- do I support the President’s proposal ment and empower our people. cational failure, declining mental for a much tinier tax cut. I say we can- These twin goals, I contend, are not not do any of it, and there is a mod- inconsistent. They are inseparable, and health, drug abuse, and poverty. These, erate bipartisan coalition in this body we can prove our commitment to both in turn, further fragment families.’’ of Republicans and Democrats alike if we are willing to cut Federal spend- One of the key policy recommenda- who say just get rid of all the tax cuts; ing just an additional three-tenths of 1 tions of the commission was to ‘‘in- whatever we have to reduce spending percent. Let us understand that. These crease the self-sufficiency and eco- with, let us use that money to reduce two goals are not incompatible if Mem- nomic well-being of families by either the deficit. bers are willing to take three-tenths of significantly increasing the personal You know, Mr. President, my biggest 1 percent more in Federal programs exemption or a child tax credit for all concern is not this amendment. This and apply it as a return to the Amer- children through age 18.’’ amendment is going down to defeat, I ican taxpayer. Those were the conclusions of the Bi- am happy to say. The crown jewel of While I support the progrowth and the Republican contract will be sound- savings provisions provided in this partisan Commission on American ly defeated on the floor of this Senate amendment, in the limited time I have, Urban Families, and I think we should in a very short while. The Speaker’s I would like to focus my remarks on listen to their words. The findings on crown jewel will be gone. The $350 bil- the profamily elements of this amend- the National Commission of Urban lion is not going to be voted by this ment. Families were remarkably similar to body. We will defeat the crown jewel of Opponents have argued that the only the findings advocated 3 years ago by the Republican contract. But I will way to help children is to maintain the Democratic Progressive Policy In- say, Mr. President, that this is a stalk- record high levels of Federal spending stitute; in an impressive report enti- ing horse to make the $170 billion that on every Government program. But tled ‘‘Putting Children First,’’ a pro- is already in the budget resolution look there is a better way. What we are ask- gressive family policy for the nineties, moderate. We also cannot afford that, ing today is simply, who is better in- this group found, ‘‘There are some and we will have amendments later to formed and who is more compassionate things that only families can do, and if deal with this. If I may have 1 addi- to make choices in the interest of our families are placed under so much tional minute? children, the Federal Government or stress that they cannot raise children Mr. EXON. Thirty seconds. If I give America’s families? Can there be any effectively, the rest of the society can- you another minute, there will not be serious debate on how that question is not make up the difference in later enough. Thirty seconds. answered? years.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7167 Mr. President, the time of political If I have any additional time, I know Why are we doing this? Mainly to cut change is the time to reassess our na- the Senator is pressed for time, I am some taxes. And, according to the pro- tional priorities. We need to redirect happy to yield any additional time posal of the Senator from Texas, most our focus and our funds to strengthen back. of the tax cut will go to the wealthiest the family. While Government’s role in Mr. EXON. Mr. President, in view of of Americans. Over 50 percent of the preserving the family is limited, it is the fact that we have more time left benefits in the amendment of the Sen- not insignificant. Perhaps the single than that side, would the Senator from ator from Texas goes to Americans most important thing Government can Texas object to two rather short state- earning over $100,000. Now, what a con- accomplish for families is to lift the ments in a row? trast that is. economic burdens that can cripple the Mr. GRAMM. I would not object. In the budget proposal before us, if family. Mr. EXON. Then I would yield at this you earn less than $28,000, you are slat- time 4 minutes to the Senator from Over the last 50 years, we have had a ed for a tax increase. If we adopt the Michigan, followed by 2 minutes by the lousy track record in doing that. The Bradley amendment, we will cure that personal exemption is now just 12 per- Senator from Minnesota. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- unfairness. But then comes along an- cent of income, where it used to be at other amendment which compounds 42 percent in 1948 when it was first in- ator from Michigan is recognized. Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I thank the unfairness, and that is the amend- troduced. Since the end of World War the Chair and my friend from Ne- ment of the Senator from Texas, which II, it is families that have borne the braska. then says we ought to take that pot of burden of increased taxes. That burden Tomorrow, or the next day, the Sen- money created by the cuts on seniors increased more than 200 percent for ate is likely to approve a budget which and on students and on working people families with two children. would be described as being balanced and give those dollars mainly, over 50 Their average after-tax income is by the year 2002, although it will not percent, to people earning over $100,000. below that, even of elderly households, be. It will not be balanced because it Now, the contrast could not be sharp- single persons, and couples without relies heavily on surpluses in the So- er. It could not be clearer. The unfair- children. In my home State of Indiana, cial Security Trust Fund to achieve ness is clear. We can correct that un- the median family income for a family that so-called balance. fairness in two ways, by adopting the of four is $30,000 and, of that, nearly But the proposed budget resolution Bradley amendment and defeating the $11,000 is devoted to Federal, State, and before us is unbalanced in another im- Gramm amendment. local taxes. The average family in Indi- portant way. The budget blueprint rep- Mr. President. I rise to oppose the ana pays more in taxes than it does in resented here penalizes middle-income Gramm amendment which would pro- housing, food, and clothing expenses working families, reduces our invest- vide for a $345 billion tax cut over the combined. ment in education, and penalizes our next 7 years. The Gramm amendment completes senior citizens, in order to provide a the budget resolution by addressing This tax cut provides more than half tax reduction which will benefit main- of its benefits to people making more not only the Government’s budget def- ly the wealthiest of Americans. icit, but also the deficit and the re- than $100,000 a year. It gives a $20,000 One of the most inequitable aspects tax break to those who make $350,000. sources of families to care for their of the budget before us is that it raises own. It is a deficit created by increased On Wednesday or Thursday, the Sen- taxes on working families. The pro- ate will likely approve a budget which taxation of the family through the ero- posal to cut back the earned-income sion of the personal exemption. For too will be described as balanced in the tax credit for working families—in year 2002 although it will not be. It re- long we have ignored this growing bur- other words, to raise taxes on working den and its growing social costs. lies heavily on surpluses in the Social families who make less than $28,000 per Security trust funds to achieve bal- Mr. President, the promise of tax re- year will, according to the Department lief for the American family is now be- ance. The proposed budget resolution of the Treasury, raise their taxes, and before us is already unbalanced in an- fore us to be fulfilled or to be ignored. in the case of a single parent with two At the end of this process, I want to other important way. The budget blue children, for instance, who makes print represented here penalizes mid- vote on a budget that tackles both $8,800 a year, raise his or her taxes by threats to the American family—the dle-income working families, reduces $354. That is a minimum-wage parent our investment in education, and pe- threat of the budget deficit and an making $8,800. That is a tax increase of ever-growing threat of a tax burden. I nalizes our senior citizens, in order to $354, according to the Department of provide for a tax reduction which will want to support a budget that contrib- the Treasury, and that is what is in the utes to a growing economy and builds benefit mostly the wealthiest of Amer- budget resolution before us. icans. new momentum for job creation. For Now, Kevin Phillips, a conservative The Gramm amendment would make too long we have dismissed the needs of commentator, says this about the Re- the inequities of this budget worse and families to answer the call of other in- publican budget proposal and this par- would remove from conference with the terests. With this vote, that trend can ticular tax increase on people making House the possibility that the unfair- end. $28,000 or less. He said, ness might be somewhat reduced. One I urge my colleagues to vote for pas- It is the senior citizens, the poor, students, sage of this critical amendment. Again, and ordinary Americans who will see pro- of the most inequitable aspects of the the fundamental choice before us is, do grams that they depend on gutted by this proposal before us is that to pay for we want to leave more money in the proposal, while the richest 1 or 2 percent, far these tax cuts for the most well-off hands of Federal bureaucrats to spend from making sacrifices, actually get new Americans, it raises taxes on working in their so-called wisdom on behalf of benefits and tax reductions. families. The proposal to cut back the our families and the needs that are President Reagan described the earned income tax credit for working pressing on our society, or do we want earned income tax credit, which is families making less than $28,000 per to rest that decision with parents and being cut back in the proposal before year would, according to the Depart- with families? us, as ‘‘the best antipoverty, best pro- ment of the Treasury, raise taxes by By cutting spending just an addi- family, best job creation measure to $354 on a single parent with two chil- tional three-tenths of 1 percent, we can come out of the Congress.’’ That is dren making only $8,840 a year. That’s give that decision to families rather what President Reagan told us about minimum wage. than rest it in the hands of Govern- the earned income tax credit. That is Yesterday, I quoted noted conserv- ment bureaucrats. That is the decision what the proposal before us will cut ative commentator Kevin Phillips, as before us. We can have both. It is a fun- back. That is the law which benefits have a number of my colleagues this damental choice that we must make. I families that earn under $28,000, and week, but his recent public remarks am pleased to join the Senator from that is the proposal before us which sum up the problems with the Repub- Texas, and I am pleased that he offered will cut back that earned income tax lican budget proposal and this par- this amendment because that presents credit so that families earning under ticular tax increase on people making us and grants us that choice. $28,000 will pay more in taxes. $28,000 a year very well. He said:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 If the budget deficit were really a national disproportionately to the wealthiest native minimum tax and provides for crisis instead of a pretext for fiscal favor- and highest-income citizens. neutral cost recovery. Balancing the itism and finagling, we’d be talking about Mr. President, I just have to say that budget, Mr. President, is important, shared sacrifice, with * * * the people who that does not pass the test of intellec- but balancing the budget is not the have the big money making the biggest sac- rifice. Instead, it’s senior citizens, the poor, tual rigor in the State of Minnesota. only goal. At best we will produce a students, and ordinary Americans who’ll see People want the Senate to get real Government that still taxes too much, programs they depend on gutted while * * * with them. They want the Senate to be spends too much, and regulates too the richest 1- or 2-percent, far from making straightforward with them. They do much. sacrifices, actually get new benefits and tax not believe for a moment that we can With the Gramm amendment we are reductions. have hundreds of billions of dollars of saying to the American people that we The earned income tax credit has a tax cuts while, at the same time, we trust them to spend their own hard- long history of bipartisan support. are pretending to be serious about def- earned tax dollars more wisely than President Reagan called the EITC, icit reduction. the bureaucrats in Washington. They ‘‘The best anti-poverty, the best pro- Second of all, Mr. President, and it is know how to take care of their family family, the best job creation measure very difficult to talk about what the and how to invest and create new jobs. to come out of the Congress.’’ The statistics mean in personal terms, but While some here talk of ordinary EITC has played an important role in honest to God, when we are talking Americans, we believe that Americans providing incentives to keep people about severe cuts in Medicare for elder- are extraordinary. Given the oppor- working who are struggling to get on ly people, and Medicaid for elderly peo- tunity, they can improve their own the lowest rungs of America’s eco- ple, and nutrition programs for chil- lives and the lives of their families. nomic ladder and to stay off the wel- dren, and support for students to be They just need the resources to do so. fare roles. able to go on to higher education, a Who cares, Mr. President, more about And our Republican colleagues do higher education that they can afford, a child’s education than a parent? Give them the $500 child tax credit. Who not, look to the $21⁄2 trillion over the and when we give away an investment next 5 years in all tax expenditures. in education and health care and jobs spends the money more wisely and effi- There is no effort in this budget to con- for people, and we want to do all of this ciently? The St. Mary’s Food Bank in trol the growth of corporate tax deduc- deficit reduction on the backs of these Arizona or the Department of Agri- culture, that administers nutrition tions, no effort to restrain the growing citizens, middle-income citizens, fami- programs? If I had $500 to contribute to tax breaks for the largest and richest lies, working people, all on behalf of an entity to provide for the poor, I am among us. In fact, the Gramm amend- hundreds of billions of dollars of tax going to contribute it to a local char- ment would eliminate the corporate al- cuts for the wealthiest people in the ity sooner than to the U.S. Govern- ternative minimum tax, a tax designed United States of America, it not only ment. to assure that profitable companies does not meet the Minnesota standard Who is a better job creator, the Fed- have to pay some reasonable amount in of rigor, it does not meet the Min- eral Government or private business? Federal income taxes. This is a more nesota standard of fairness. The Gramm amendment means Con- Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I yield than $25 billion tax reduction for such gress has to prioritize the remaining companies. the junior Senator from Arizona 6 min- spending, like American families have Instead, the Republican budget aims utes. to do. By reducing taxes, it provides a Mr. KYL. I thank the Senator from a $21 billion tax increase at the work- chance to stimulate economic activity Texas for yielding. Mr. President, I ex- ing families with children. In Michi- and produce more revenue for the press my strong support for the Gramm gan, this means a $457 million tax hike Treasury. over 7 years on nearly 316,000 hard- amendment. Mr. President, when a retailer has a working taxpayers making less than This amendment is about keeping sale on a Saturday, does he expect to $28,000 a year. Over the next 7 years, our promises to the American people to receive less income as a result of that they’ll pay an average of nearly $1,500 provide tax relief to the American fam- sale? No. By reducing the rates, he in- more. ilies. We have heard a lot of criticism tends to bring more people in and more Mr. President, the budget before us about this amendment. It provides a than make up by increased volume has its priorities wrong. The Bradley $500 per child tax credit for the Amer- what he has lost in the price that he amendment on which we will vote ican family. It provides for marriage charges. shortly is a step in the right direction. penalty relief, spousal IRA, a new The same thing occurs when we re- The Gramm amendment is just wrong. American dream savings account to duce taxes rates. We are not producing It would provide tax cuts for the allow people to buy a home, provides a less revenue to the Treasury. We actu- wealthiest while leaving intact this tax credit to families caring for elderly ally—and experience proves this— increase on working families. It’s sim- family members. produce more revenue to the Treasury ply a question of fairness. It keeps faith with our seniors. It by virtue of that reduction. I urge my colleagues to defeat the does not take a nickel from Social Se- Finally, Mr. President, I heard some Gramm amendment and support the curity. In fact, it raises the Social Se- conversation a while ago that basically Bradley amendment. curity earnings limitation, something suggests the liberals in this body be- I thank the Chair. that the senior citizens from Arizona lieve that this amendment will make it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under have been fighting for since I has been more difficult to balance the budget the previous order, the Senator from here. It enables seniors to be able to and deliver. They oppose it. Here is my Minnesota is recognized for 2 minutes. work without having a penalty. challenge to all of the liberals who Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I It provides estate and gift tax relief, have spoken here. Will they support would apologize as a teacher for not provides incentive for the purchase of the budget resolution without this tax doing justice to the issues before the long-term care insurance, something increase in it? Do any of our liberal Senate. It is just impossible in 2 min- all of our seniors are interested in. colleagues want to stand up and say utes. This amendment also provides incen- yes, they will vote for this amendment, Let me start out by saying that there tives for businesses to grow and create for the budget resolution before the is an old Yiddish proverb that I think new jobs. Senate, so long as we do not have the applies to this amendment on the floor. Capital gains tax reform—there is tax increases in it? That Yiddish proverb says you cannot over $5 trillion in backed-up capital, in The answer, Mr. President, is no. And dance at two weddings at the same pent-up capital, in our society that the reason they will not support the time. Quite frankly, this is a perfect could be freed with this kind of capital budget resolution even without the tax example of that. gains tax relief. That means jobs for increases is because fundamentally On the one hand, we tell people we Americans. they do not support a balanced budget. are serious about deficit reduction. On This amendment provides for a home Mr. GRAMM. Tax cuts, not increases. the other hand, we are talking about office deduction. For small business ex- Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I am sorry if $300 or $350 billion of tax cuts going pensing. It repeals the corporate alter- I misspoke with regard to the tax cuts

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7169 being proposed by the Gramm amend- Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I I laid out the harsh budget realities ment. thank the distinguished leader on our in January of this year. I continue to The bottom line, the liberals who op- side. report it, but in the limited time I pose the Gramm tax cuts do so because Mr. President, the amendment of the have, I cannot go through the entire they like taxes, because they want the Senator from Texas is premised on the document. Thus, I would ask unani- money to spend, not because they are idea that both House and Senate budg- mous consent to have it printed in the going to support a budget resolution et resolutions balance the budget: Ab- RECORD. that does not have these tax cuts in it. solutely false. Let me refer specifically There being no objection, the mate- If any of our liberal colleagues are to the House budget, page 4: The deficit willing to stand up and prove me wrong rial was ordered to be printed in the for the year 2002 is estimated at $120.7 RECORD, as follows: by saying no, they will vote for this billion. They make no pretense, they budget resolution so long as it does not print it in black and white. HOLLINGS RELEASES REALITIES ON TRUTH IN have the Gramm tax cuts in it, then I BUDGETING Moreover, if we look at the figures on will eat these words and say, fine, I ac- page 4, lines 20 and 21, we will find that Reality No. 1: $1.2 trillion in spending cuts cept their vote. is necessary. I suggest, Mr. President, that the the debt increases from 2001 to 2002 by talk about opposing this amendment, $192 billion; that is the real deficit Reality No. 2: There aren’t enough savings under the House resolution. in entitlements. Have welfare reform, but a because they are interested in bal- jobs program will cost; savings are question- ancing the budget, is just so much talk The real deficit under the Senate budget for the year 2002 is listed on able. Health reform can and should save because in the end they will vote some, but slowing growth from 10 to 5 per- against the budget resolution that bal- page 7, line 21 as $113.5 billion. If we cent doesn’t offer enough savings. Social Se- ances the budget. They would rather turn to page 9, we can see that the debt curity won’t be cut and will be off-budget have the tax money to spend. That is increases $177 billion—the real deficit. again. why they oppose the Gramm tax cuts. So the very notion that we have done Reality No. 3: We should hold the line on I hope that our colleagues will sup- a good job, that we have balanced the the budget on Defense; that would be no sav- port the Gramm tax cuts. Mr. Presi- budget, or that we deserve a reward, is ings. dent, I believe if they do so they will be all based on a false premise. Mr. Presi- Reality No. 4: Savings must come from striking a blow for the American econ- dent, the biggest falsity, one per- freezes and cuts in domestic discretionary omy and for the American family. petrated on both sides of the aisle, is spending but that’s not enough to stop hem- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 5 the belief that we can balance the orrhaging interest costs. minutes to the Senator from South budget through spending cuts alone Reality No. 5: Taxes are necessary to stop Carolina. and without increasing revenues. hemorrhage in interest costs.

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Deficit CBO Jan. 1995 (using trust funds) ...... 207 224 225 253 284 297 322

Freeze discretionary outlays after 1998 ...... 0 0 0 ¥19 ¥38 ¥58 ¥78 Spending cuts ...... ¥37 ¥74 ¥111 ¥128 ¥146 ¥163 ¥180 Interest savings ...... ¥1 ¥5 ¥11 ¥20 ¥32 ¥46 ¥64 Total savings ($1.2 trillion) ...... ¥38 ¥79 ¥122 ¥167 ¥216 ¥267 ¥322

Remaining deficit using trust funds ...... 169 145 103 86 68 30 0 Remaining deficit excluding trust funds ...... 287 264 222 202 185 149 121 5 percent VAT ...... 96 155 172 184 190 196 200 Net deficit excluding trust funds ...... 187 97 27 (17 ) (54 ) (111) (159) Gross debt ...... 5,142 5,257 5,300 5,305 5,272 5,200 5,091 Average interest rate on debt (percent) ...... 7.0 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 Interest cost on the debt ...... 367 370 368 368 366 360 354 Note.—Figures are in billions. Figures don’t include the billions necessary for a middle-class tax cut.

Here is a list of the kinds of non- Nondefense discretionary spending cuts 1996 1997 Nondefense discretionary spending cuts 1996 1997 defense discretionary spending cuts Reduce REA subsidies ...... 0.1 0.1 Eliminate climate and global change research ...... 0.047 0.078 that would be necessary now as a first Eliminate postal subsidies for nonprofits ...... 0.1 0.1 Eliminate national sea grant ...... 0.032 0 .054 step to get $37 billion of savings and Reduce NIH funding ...... 0.5 1.1 Eliminate State weather modification grant ...... 0.002 0.003 Eliminate Federal Crop Insurance Program ...... 0 .3 0 .3 Cut weather service operations 10 percent ...... 0.031 0.051 put the country on the road to a bal- Reduce Justice State-local assistance grants ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate regional climate centers ...... 0.002 0.003 anced budget: Reduce export-import direct loans ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate library programs ...... 0.1 0.1 Eliminate Minority Business Development Agency ...... 0 .022 0.044 Modify Service Contract Act ...... 0.2 0.2 Eliminate Public Telecommunications Facilities Program Nondefense discretionary spending cuts 1996 1997 Eliminate HUD special purpose grants ...... 0 .2 0 .3 grant ...... 0.003 0.016 Reduce housing programs ...... 0.4 1.0 Eliminate children’s educational television ...... 0 .0 0 .002 Cut space station ...... 2.1 2.1 Eliminate Community Investment Program ...... 0.1 0.4 Eliminate national information infrastructure grant ...... 0 .001 0.032 Eliminate CDBG ...... 2.0 2.0 Reduce Strategic Petroleum Program ...... 0.1 0.1 Cut Pell grants 20 percent ...... 0 .250 1.24 Eliminate low-income home energy assistance ...... 1 .4 1 .5 Eliminate Senior Community Service Program ...... 0.1 0.4 Eliminate education research ...... 0.042 0.283 Eliminate arts funding ...... 1.0 1.0 Reduce USDA spending for export marketing ...... 0.02 0.02 Cut Head Start 50 percent ...... 0.840 1 .8 Eliminate funding for campus based aid ...... 1.4 1.4 Reduce maternal and child health grants ...... 0.2 0.4 Eliminate meals and services for the elderly ...... 0.335 0.473 Eliminate funding for impact aid ...... 1.0 1.0 Close veterans hospitals ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate title II social service block grant ...... 2.7 2.8 Reduce law enforcement funding to control drugs ...... 1.5 1.8 Reduce number of political employees ...... 0.1 0.1 Eliminate community services block grant ...... 0.317 0 .470 Eliminate Federal wastewater grants ...... 0.8 1.6 Reduce management costs for VA health care ...... 0.2 0.4 Eliminate SBA loans ...... 0.21 0 .282 Reduce PMA subsidy ...... 0 .0 1 .2 Eliminate rehabilitation services ...... 1.85 2.30 Reduce Federal aid for mass transit ...... 0.5 0.1 Reduce below cost timber sales ...... 0.0 0.1 Eliminate vocational education ...... 0.176 1.2 Eliminate EDA ...... 0.02 0 .1 Reduce the legislative branch 15 percent ...... 0.3 0.3 Reduce chapter 1 20 percent ...... 0.173 1.16 Reduce Federal rent subsidies ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate Small Business Development Centers ...... 0.056 0.074 Reduce special education 20 percent ...... 0.072 0.480 Reduce overhead for university research ...... 0.2 0.3 Eliminate minority assistance score, small business Eliminate bilingual education ...... 0.029 0.196 Repeal Davis-Bacon ...... 0 .2 0 .5 interstate and other technical assistance programs, Eliminate JTPA ...... 0.250 4.5 Reduce State Dept. funding and end misc. activities .... 0.1 0.2 women’s business assistance, international trade as- Eliminate child welfare services ...... 0.240 0.289 End P.L. 480 title I and III sales ...... 0.4 0.6 sistance, empowerment zones ...... 0.033 0.046 Eliminate CDC Breast Cancer Program ...... 0 .048 0.089 Eliminate overseas broadcasting ...... 0.458 0.570 Eliminate new State Department construction projects .. 0 .010 0.023 Eliminate CDC AIDS Control Program ...... 0.283 0.525 Eliminate the Bureau of Mines ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate Int’l Boundaries and Water Commission ...... 0 .013 0.02 Eliminate Ryan White AIDS Program ...... 0.228 0.468 Eliminate expansion of rural housing assistance ...... 0 .1 0 .2 Eliminate Asia Foundation ...... 0.013 0.015 Eliminate USTTA ...... 0.012 0.16 Eliminate International Fisheries Commission ...... 0.015 0 .015 Eliminate maternal and child health ...... 0.246 0.506 Eliminate ATP ...... 0.1 0.2 Eliminate Arms Control Disarmament Agency ...... 0 .041 0.054 Eliminate Family Planning Program ...... 0.069 0.143 Eliminate airport grant in aids ...... 0 .3 1 .0 Eliminate NED ...... 0.014 0 .034 Eliminate CDC Immunization Program ...... 0.168 0 .345 Eliminate Federal highway demonstration projects ...... 0.1 0.3 Eliminate Fulbright and other international exchanges .. 0.119 0.207 Eliminate Tuberculosis Program ...... 0.042 0 .087 Eliminate Amtrak subsidies ...... 0.4 0.4 Eliminate North-South Center ...... 0.002 0 .004 Eliminate agricultural research service ...... 0.546 0.656 Eliminate RDA loan guarantees ...... 0.0 0.1 Eliminate U.S. contribution to WHO, OAS, and other Reduce WIC 50 percent ...... 1 .579 1.735 Eliminate Appalachian Regional Commission ...... 0.0 0.1 international organizations including the United Na- Eliminate TEFAP: Eliminate untargeted funds for math and science ...... 0 .1 0 .2 tions ...... 0.873 0.873 Administrative ...... 0.024 0.040 Cut Federal salaries by 4 percent ...... 4 .0 4 .0 Eliminate participation in U.N. peacekeeping ...... 0.533 0.533 Commodities ...... 0 .025 0 .025 Charge Federal employees commercial rates for parking 0.1 0.1 Eliminate Byrne grant ...... 0.112 0 .306 Reduce cooperative State research service 20 percent ... 0.044 0.070 Reduce agricultural research extension activities ...... 0.2 0.2 Eliminate Community Policing Program ...... 0.286 0.780 Reduce animal plant health inspection service 10 per- Cancel advanced solid rocket motor ...... 0.3 0.4 Moratorium on new Federal prison construction ...... 0 .208 0.140 cent ...... 0 .036 0 .044 Eliminate legal services ...... 0.4 0.4 Reduce Coast Guard 10 percent ...... 0.208 0.260 Reduce food safety inspection service 10 percent ...... 0.047 0.052 Reduce Federal travel by 30 percent ...... 0 .4 0 .4 Eliminate Manufacturing Extension Program ...... 0.03 0.06 Reduce energy funding for Energy Technology Develop. .. 0.2 0.5 Eliminate coastal zone management ...... 0.03 0.06 Total ...... 36 .941 58 .402 Reduce Superfund cleanup costs ...... 0.2 0.4 Eliminate national Marine sanctuaries ...... 0 .007 0.012

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, gov- bate to be controlled by the Demo- This proposal—to cut taxes—reminds ernment is big. But what is big is the cratic leader, to be followed by 30 min- me of that. It is really dealing with interest costs on the national debt. utes for debate to be controlled by the myths. Let me deal with a couple of I was here when we balanced the Republican leader, or the manager, facts. People say, ‘‘The budget is going budget under President Lyndon John- Senator DOMENICI, this in addition to to be balanced. Now let us talk about a son. The gross interest cost at that the time allotted under the Budget tax cut.’’ In the budget resolution in time was $4 billion. Act. this Chamber today on page 7—this is a Think of it, 36 Presidents, Republican The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without reproduction of page 7—it says ‘‘Defi- and Democrats, all the wars from the objection, it is so ordered. cits.’’ In the year 2002 the deficit is Revolution, World War I, II, Korea, and Mr. GRAMM addressed the Chair. $113.5 billion. Balanced? Where? a good part of Vietnam—the interest The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I want one person today on the ma- costs on the debt were only $4 billion. ator from Texas. jority side to come to the floor and tell Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I yield 2 The interest costs on this year’s deficit us what this says, on page 7. It says a minutes to the senior Senator from Ar- and debt are estimated at $340 billion. $113 billion deficit after 7 years. The cost of Government as you and I izona. Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I rise in Second, tax cut. Do not take it from know it, domestic discretionary, is $275 support of the Gramm amendment. I me, take it from a Republican, Kevin billion. That is the courts, the Con- would direct my remarks to my col- Phillips, who says, gress, the President, the departments, leagues on this side of the aisle rather Spending on government programs [speak- FBI, DEA and all other non-defense ap- than the other side of the aisle, be- ing of this budget] from Medicare and edu- propriated accounts. Thus, even if you cation to home heating oil assistance, is to cause, in 1993, the Senator from South eliminate all of those departments, you be reduced in ways that principally burden Carolina and the Senator from North the poor and the middle class while simulta- still have a deficit. Dakota and the Senator from Illinois What you are doing in the Gramm neously taxes are to be cut in ways that pre- and the majority of those on that side amendment is a charade, requiring peo- dominantly benefit the top 1 or 2 percent of of the aisle who were in the majority Americans. ple to pay higher interest costs and at that time voted in favor of the larg- Do not take it from me. Take it from saying you are giving it to them in a est tax increase in the history of this tax cut. We are misleading the people a Republican who tells it like it is. country. That was their decision. And, Here is the paragraph of what he is on the idea that the work is done. because they were in the majority at I agree that the people are better talking about on the tax cuts. They the time, that was the will of Congress. call it middle-class tax cuts. Families able to spend their money than we are. In 1994, however, the American peo- But they expect us to come to Wash- under $30,000 a year get $120. Families ple repudiated that massive tax in- over $200,000 a year are given $11,200 tax ington and to be honest about budget crease. The American people said they matters. It is time to get out of the cut. That is a middle-class tax cut? Not want their taxes cut and they said they where I come from. wagon and help us pull—the trouble is want to keep some of the money for that we here are in the wagon. It is the No, this budget is clear. With this themselves. amendment calling for tax cuts for the children who are doing the pulling. If the Senator from South Carolina wealthy, this budget says to working Mr. DOMENICI. Will the Senator does not think a $500 per child tax ex- families: We are going to make it hard- yield? emption would be appreciated by aver- er for you to send your kids to college Mr. HOLLINGS. I will be delighted to age Americans in this country, he is because we do not have enough money yield, on your time. free to have his own views. The fact is, but we are going to give a big tax cuts Mr. DOMENICI. I just want to make the people in Arizona, the families in to the wealthy. It says to the elderly three unanimous-consent requests on Arizona, would be more than pleased to and poor: We are going to make it my time. have a $500 a child tax cut and would harder for you to get health care be- Mr. HOLLINGS. I am through with have money to spend on their own chil- cause we cannot afford it but we are my time. But I would be delighted to dren rather than to send to Wash- going to give a big tax cut to the get into a debate with my distin- ington. wealthy. It says to 2,000 corporations guished chairman. What this amendment is all about is that we will give a $2 million check to In closing, let me just reiterate that whether we are going to have the sta- each one of them, because we are going I really am tired of this fraud. The tus quo where we have accepted the to eliminate the alternative minimum greatest fraud I know exacted on the largest tax increase in the history of tax. American people is the idea we have this country, enacted in 1993, or wheth- I do not understand those priorities. choices. We are broke. And the single er we are going to carry out the mes- Those priorities make no sense at all. biggest government program that we sage of the American people who said The first job in this Chamber is to bal- have is the interest costs on the debt we want less Government, we want less ance the Federal budget. For those on that we have to spend year after year. regulation, we want less taxes. To honestly stop this hemorrhaging we I see the Gramm amendment, frank- the other side to stand up and say we have to freeze, we have to cut, we have ly, as a real stark choice and perhaps do not care about balancing the budg- to close loopholes and increase taxes. the most important vote we will take et, and then to offer an amendment When we finally admit that, we will get in this budget debate, because it will that says, ‘‘By the way, the budget is on top of the problem. determine basically the future—not of not in balance now that we have Mr. DOMENICI. Thank you, Senator. the party on that side of the aisle, but brought to the floor, but we also want The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of the party on this side of the aisle— to give very big tax cuts to those who ator from New Mexico. as to whether we intend to keep the need them least in this country and Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask commitment and promise we made to take it out of the hides of other folks unanimous consent that Senator the people of this country. who want to send their kids to school GRAMM be allocated 20 minutes on the I reserve the remainder of my time. or to get health care or to buy home Thurmond-McCain amendment, the up- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- heating fuel in the cold winter,’’ some- coming amendment, to be subtracted ator from Nebraska. how I think those priorities do not sell from the Thurmond-McCain time on Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 4 very well back home, because the peo- their amendment. minutes to the Senator from North Da- ple see through them. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without kota. This is a curious and tortured claim objection, it is so ordered. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, in the that is brought to the floor, that some- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this old western movies we used to see how if we do not support tax cuts for has been cleared by the Democratic these folks traveling around selling the rich we do not care about the Fed- leader and by Senator EXON. these bottles of tonic they claimed eral deficits. We are the ones who care I ask unanimous consent that just would cure everything from the hic- about the Federal deficit. We want to prior to the final vote on the budget cups to the gout. Of course, the bottle balance this budget, but you do not resolution there be 30 minutes for de- of tonic did nothing of the sort. balance the budget by trotting out

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7171 something that is popular, a big tax slowing the rate of growth, balancing cuts. It does not undercut the Domen- cut, call it a middle-class tax cut, and the budget, and on the other side it is ici proposal. It simply provides deeper butter the bread of the wealthy in this business as usual: More spending, more cuts to provide the tax benefits to the country, and then tell other folks we taxes, no alternatives. American people. are sorry, we cannot afford things that I was in this Chamber for many hours We have seen a lot of polls lately are essential for you. during the debate on the balanced that suggest the American people real- No, this does not fly. This does not budget amendment, and I heard it over ly do not want tax cuts. They are asked make sense. I think the American peo- and over and over again, speaker after whether we would rather have tax cuts ple will see it for that. This is pure pol- speaker after speaker: We do not need or deficit reduction. Well, of course, itics, pure politics. the amendment. All we have to do is do people will say we would like to have This budget resolution on the floor it. What is the Republican plan? How both, and you can get both right here today does not balance the budget. It come you do not tell us how you are in this proposal. When it is offered ei- does not claim it does. On line 21 of going to do it? ther/or, they will say, fine, balance the page 7 it says the Federal deficit in the Well, here we are. We are saying how budget. We do not need the tax cuts. year 2002 is going to be $113 billion. to do it. We are saying balance the We will sacrifice. Balance the budget. Would that those who called them- budget. You would not give us the This is both. This is both. Ask the selves warriors in the past debate on amendment because you would not give American people if they would support the deficit not turn out to be wall flow- us enough votes. We are now offering a budget that reaches balance and ers on this issue and better serve this the amendment. We are offering the gives them a capital gains tax. Ask the country and their constituents by de- opportunity to balance the budget American people if they would support ciding if there is money to be achieved without the amendment. What are you a budget that reaches balance and al- anywhere, any place, on revenue or the doing? Talking and walking. That is lows penalty-free withdrawals for edu- spending side, to use it to bring this what they are doing, talking and walk- cation or a downpayment on a loan. down to zero and put this country back ing over there. Ask the American people if they would on track. Really balance the budget, The Gramm amendment adds one support a budget that reaches balance really give us some truth in labeling. more important component to the un- and provides a $500 tax credit for each Yes, that would better serve this coun- derlying Domenici proposal that has child. Ask them that and see what the try’s interests. been missing, and that is very simply answer is—not either/or, both. And I know it may not be the most pop- this. Either you want to let working that is what the Gramm amendment is ular thing, but I happen to think it is Americans keep more of what they all about. The choice is not between the right thing. earn or you do not. You want to cut tax cuts and a balanced budget. The Mr. President, I yield the floor. taxes for families and businesses so question is are you willing to cut Mr. GRAMM addressed the Chair. they can have more money to invest on spending enough to do both. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. their kids or in their businesses or you And again, the word ‘‘cut’’ is used GRAMS). The Senator from Texas. do not. That is what the Gramm very loosely because we are asking our Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I have to amendment is all about. And I wish to colleagues on the other side of the aisle give our dear colleagues on the left commend the Senator from Texas for and some of the colleagues on this side credit for one thing. They do not pro- having the courage to come up with of the aisle to support a proposal that pose budgets. They do not vote for bal- this bold proposal because the Senator limits the growth of the U.S. Govern- anced budget amendments to the Con- from Texas knows that this is the es- ment over the next 7 years to 3 per- stitution. They never propose cutting sence of the Republican contract, the cent. That is what we are asking you to anything. But they can stand up in Contract With America, that was made do. front of God and everybody else and with the American people, that put the say they are for balancing the budget. Republican Senators in the majority in You were out in the Chamber time It is like Bill Clinton, who feels our this Senate and put the Republicans in after time after time during that bal- pain and does not share with us that he the majority in the House of Rep- anced budget amendment debate say- causes it all the time. resentatives. Republicans ought to be ing give us your plan; give us your I believe that we have a clear and on this floor unanimously supporting plan; we do not need an amendment. stark choice here. You can support or the Gramm amendment today because All right, we did not get the amend- not support Senator DOMENICI’s budget, without that contract and without that ment. Where is your plan? You de- but he makes the hard choices to bal- promise to the American people, you feated your President’s plan 99 to noth- ance the budget over the next 7 years. would not be in the majority. So if you ing joining with us on the Senate floor. What my amendment does is make want to break that contract, then vote I have not seen yours. I am hearing all more hard choices, cut spending more against the Gramm amendment. this talk, but I do not see any plan. so that in addition to balancing the I am talking to my colleagues on this Frankly, I think the American people budget, we can let the working men side of the aisle because I know where are sick of it. They were sick of it in and women of America keep more of my colleagues are coming from on the the elections in 1994, and they are what they earn. other side of the aisle. This amend- going to be even sicker of it after this Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, will the ment, the Gramm amendment, allows debate. We have an opportunity here. Senator yield for a question? for a 3-percent growth in the overall History shows us that tax cuts create Mr. GRAMM. I yield to the distin- budget—not a cut. The Domenici plan jobs. It is not the Government’s guished Senator from New Hampshire. is 3.3. So for 0.3 percent, Senator money. It is your money. You provide Mr. DORGAN. I wonder if the Sen- GRAMM is offering businesses and fami- it to the Government. Give the Govern- ator will yield for a question. lies more money to invest and to pro- ment less. Leave it in your pocket, and Mr. GRAMM. I will not yield. vide for growth. you will create jobs, and you will em- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The Gramm amendment makes a ploy more people, and we will have ator from New Hampshire. statement. It says we need to enact in- more tax revenues, and we will balance Mr. SMITH. I thank the Senator centives for Americans to save and in- the budget even more quickly. from Texas. vest, penalty free withdrawals for In closing, Mr. President, let me just Mr. President, in one of his debates, homes, for education, medical ex- say every Republican Senator and Ronald Reagan said ‘‘There you go penses, marriage penalty tax credit, House Member, as I said, voted against again.’’ And here we go again. This is a cut the capital gains rate, and index it that budget, the President’s budget. historic debate in this Chamber. At no for inflation, and a $500 a child tax The tax cuts included in the Gramm point in recent times have the dif- credit. package total $173 billion. We are get- ferences between the two political par- This is the essence of the difference ting $173 billion back out of the $250 ties been more evident than right now. between the two parties, Mr. President, billion tax increase the President pro- On the Republican side, you have some- as I said. The tax cuts in the Gramm vided us last year. We do not even get body offering tax cuts, spending cuts, proposal are paid for with spending as far at cutting taxes as Clinton went

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 in raising taxes. Now, that is not really icaid, non-Medicare payment to the in- more than accounted for all of the too much to ask. surance companies, and our insurance growth in Government over the last 35 So, Mr. President, let me conclude by rates go up all over the country. years. Everything else—discretionary complimenting Senator DOMENICI for If anyone thinks that is not a tax in- spending, cash, nutrition, and housing his courageous decision to meet this crease, they are just fooling them- assistance for the poor, agriculture— head on, and again to compliment Sen- selves. almost everything else went down. The ator GRAMM for adding what I believe Oh, this is great politics. And my only other Federal activities to in- is a stronger amendment to this pack- friend from Texas is good at politics. I crease in size as a percentage of the age to balance the Federal budget and commend him for standing up fre- economy since 1959 are interest expense to cut taxes, to do what the American quently on the courageous side of and Medicaid. people asked us to do when they elect- things. But this one is wrong. He is What these numbers all mean is that, ed us into the majority in November. wrong. It is not in the national interest to the extent the Federal Government I yield back the remainder of any and his amendment should be defeated. has grown over the past 35 years, it has time I may have. Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN addressed the grown because Social Security and Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. Chair. Medicare have become mature pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who grams over that period. If you ask ator from Nebraska. yields time? Americans whether they would prefer a Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I thank Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 4 tax cut, or whether they would prefer him for his patience, and I am pleased minutes to the junior Senator from Il- to reduce their retirement or health to yield 4 minutes to my distinguished linois. care security, the answer is, I think colleague, the senior Senator from Illi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- quite obvious. nois. ator from Illinois. Now, this amendment does not quite Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I thank Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. Thank you ask that question, but it does raise an- my colleague. very much. other one: would Americans rather I am pleased to stand up and say I Mr. President, at the outset of my re- have a tax cut, and sacrifice long-term think this is a bad amendment. Would marks, I would like to point out to the medical care for the elderly, and med- I like a tax cut? Of course. We would sponsor of this amendment that, with- ical care for the poor, and investment all like a tax cut. out this broad-brushing, these issues in our children’s education, or would I have three grandchildren. I face the that a number of us on—the Senator they rather give up the tax cuts, bal- choice of sacrificing a little bit or said ‘‘on the left’’—on this side of the ance the budget, but continue to make building a better future for my three aisle voted for and supported the bal- essential public investments in edu- grandchildren. That is the fundamental anced budget amendment. In fact, Sen- cation, and in health. I think the an- swer to that question is equally obvi- choice. I do not have a hard time mak- ator SIMON, my senior Senator, who is ing that choice, and I do not think the leaving the floor now, was an original ous. While Americans would very much like to balance the budget, they want American people have a hard time sponsor of the balanced budget amend- to do so in a way that preserves essen- making that choice. ment and continued to press for that Let us move to a balanced budget. I matter over the years. And so, this is tial investments in our future. They know that the reason balancing commend PETE DOMENICI for moving not a partisan issue. the budget is so important is because toward a balanced budget. I do not hap- Mr. President, we ordinarily consider we do not want to deprive future gen- tax cuts when our economy needs eco- pen to agree with the priorities, but he erations of their opportunity to live nomic stimulus, but economic growth is moving in that direction. But the the American dream. And they know is strong, so strong, in fact, that the Gramm amendment would take, over a that trying to balance the budget in a Federal Reserve raised interest rates 10-year period, $594 billion in tax cuts. way that reduces educational oppor- seven separate times to ensure that the Our history on these things, on legis- tunity and cuts access to health care economy would not overheat. And un- lative answers—and this is why we does not meet our obligation to our need the constitutional amendment—is employment is low; our economy has children—and their children. They they last for about 2 years, as our created 6 million new jobs. Jump-start- know that simply is not fair. They friend from Texas knows better than ing the economy, therefore, is unneces- know that it hurts both individuals and anyone else, and then they blow up in sary at this time, and cannot be the our country, because our future is di- our face. motive for this amendment. minished if every American does not The danger is the Domenici plan will What is behind this amendment—as have the opportunity to strive for the last 2 years and then we will discard it the chart over there indicates—is the American dream. because it becomes too politically po- notion that the Federal Government is And it is not just individual Ameri- tent and we will keep the tax cut. too big. Now, that is something of an cans who know that America’s future When the Senator from Arizona, Sen- arguable point. It is true, for example depends on making the right choice. ator KYL, says you cut taxes and you that national defense consumed $81 bil- Financial markets know it also. If the get more revenue for the Federal Gov- lion in fiscal 1970, and increased to over Senate adopts this amendment and the ernment, in 1981 we had both a Repub- $281 billion by fiscal 1994. However, in tax cuts become law, we will have un- lican—the Ronald Reagan plan—and a 1970, the $81 billion financed over 3 mil- dermined our commitment to real def- Democratic plan to do precisely that. I lion soldiers, sailors, Air Force per- icit reduction, and we will have ignored voted against both the Republican plan sonnel, and marines, whereas the $281 our responsibility to the future of and the Democratic plan. But I can re- billion we spent last year financed Americans and to America. The results member Ronald Reagan saying, ‘‘If you Armed Forces only about half that of that will be continued declines in pass this, by 1984 we are going to have amount. The large dollar increases, our national wealth, a renewed fall of a balanced budget in our country.’’ It therefore, do not really represent the dollar, a widening of the gap be- did not make sense. This amendment growth at all. tween rich and poor, and diminished does not make sense now. It is true, of course, that as a per- opportunities for many Americans and And to cut back from the Domenici centage of the economy, Government for our Nation as a whole. numbers, $40 billion in Medicaid—who has grown. The Federal Government The simple truth is that we are all in are Medicaid recipients? Half of them accounted for about 19.2 percent of the this together—we are all Americans— are poor children. Forty billion dollars economy in 1959, and 22 percent last and the way we balance the budget we are going to get here. If anyone year. That is an increase of about 14 should reflect that fact. A tax cut that thinks that $40 billion is not a tax cut, percent over the past 35 years. Where is unneeded to stimulate our economy talk to any hospital administrator. did that money go. Well, most of it makes no sense. A tax cut that creates That means we are going to cut back went to Medicare and Social Security. confusion in the minds of financial on what hospitals get for Medicaid. These two programs alone increased markets as to whether the United And what will hospital administrators from 2 percent of the economy in 1959 States is committed to deficit reduc- do? They will shift it to the non-Med- to over 7.2 percent in 1994—that is, they tion makes no sense. And a tax cut

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7173 that undermines the essential purpose to have growth in the economy? We sions to go back to the families with of balancing the budget in the first have heard that for years. President children. Let them decide how to spend place—protecting future opportunities Clinton has even talked about that. their money. for our children and our country—is And the economists all indicate they I want to point out that this is not not what Americans want and must be are worried about savings. How about an insignificant consideration either. defeated. the idea of letting the people get a lit- It really would make a difference in I would point out, my previous col- tle consideration to encourage them to the family income. I would like to have league made the point that fiscal year save more? printed in the RECORD, Mr. President— 2002 still has a deficit here of $113 bil- So let us encourage investment and it may have already been done, but I lion. It seems to me that a $113 billion growth and savings. That is what these want to make sure it is in here—an ar- deficit is like being just a little bit tax cuts do. ticle in the Washington Post on May 16 pregnant. I believe we should focus our And, also, how about a little more by James K. Glassman entitled ‘‘Yes, attention on deficit reduction instead fairness in the Tax Code? There are so Cut Taxes.’’ I ask unanimous consent of irresponsible promises of a chicken many problems with the Tax Code you that that be printed in the RECORD. in every pot to make political points. cannot begin to enumerate them all. There being no objection, the article I urge my colleagues, therefore, to But when you start talking about was ordered to be printed in the defeat this amendment. things like allowing wives working in RECORD, as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the home to be able to have an indi- YES, CUT TAXES ator’s time has expired. vidual retirement account, who is (By James K. Glassman) Who yields time? against that? That is fundamental fair- Critics of the Republican budget in the Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I yield ness. Everybody can have an individual press, Congress and the White House may be 10 minutes to the distinguished Sen- retirement account at certain levels of drastically underestimating the power—both ator from Mississippi. income, but not the spouse working in political and economic—of those tax cuts the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the home. To me, correction of this is House passed in April. I know I did. ator from Mississippi is recognized for just basic fairness. First, a little history. The Republicans 10 minutes. How about the marriage penalty won the November congressional elections, Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I want to credit? For years, Congress has talked using a contract that pledged a balanced budget and a tax cut. thank the distinguished Senator from about how we need to get rid of this President Clinton figured they couldn’t do Texas for yielding me this time. marriage penalty, and yet it just lives it, so his strategy was to sit back and let I rise in support of the Gramm on. This tax cut would deal with that them take the heat for overreaching. His amendment to the 1996 concurrent problem. February budget opted for the status quo, budget resolution. I have said on the What about the idea of our elderly? which means annual deficits of $200 billion- floor of the Senate before that, along We have a lot of our elderly who would plus forever. with balancing the budget, which is like to keep working. But now if they Now, the Republicans are offering their of- very important, we need to provide ficial budget plans, and—whaddaya know?— keep working, many times when they they show they can indeed balance the budg- some tax relief for all Americans, espe- need it and when we need them, they et by their target year, the palindromic 2002. cially families. get penalized. And they can do it by increasing spending in Slowing the rate of growth in Federal These tax cuts would include, among each year by an average of $45 billion. spending is not just a political exercise other good things, raising the Social But skeptics see two problems. The first is or an accounting endeavor. The Fed- Security earnings test threshold. We Medicare. Republicans want to increase eral Government is financed by the should do that. I would like to elimi- spending on the program by about 6 percent hard work of the people. If Government nate it, but this proposal would take annually instead of 10 percent. In Wash- is to be made smaller and, thus, costs the threshold up to $30,000. ington parlance, this is a ‘‘cut’’ of $280 bil- lion, so it’s not expected to be easy to sell. less, then Americans should be able to So you see, we are talking about The second problem is tax cuts. Sen. Pete keep more of their hard-earned cash. some things that will help families and Domenici (R-N.M.), who heads the Senate As I listened to the debate here in wives, married couples, small busi- Budget Committee, said Sunday, ‘‘We don’t the Senate, it seemed to me that there nesses and our elderly in a real way. have a tax cut until we balance the budget.’’ are Senators or a Senator that will We have a provision in here that But his House counterpart, Rep. speak for almost every group in the would provide small businesses estate (R-Ohio), things, the country can have both country, many times for good reasons: and gift tax relief. The people who own at the same time. whether it is education or Medicare or small businesses run the risk of losing The trouble with tax cuts is that they’re hard to justify at the same time you’re or- the elderly or the defense program. But everything they have or affecting what dering painful limits—and some outright re- rarely do we have people that stand up they do because of these tax penalties. ductions—in spending. Also, it’s likely that a here in the Senate and speak up for the And we should have the capital gains total restructuring of the tax system (a flat working taxpaying Americans. tax rate cut. When I go home and I ask tax or a national sales tax) will be a big issue Who among us is willing to do that? the people of all backgrounds and eco- in next year’s presidential election. So why Senator GRAMM of Texas is willing to nomic stations in life, should we have a piecemeal changes now? do that. capital gains rate cut, ‘‘Absolutely,’’ In the past, I made these same arguments It seems to me if we are going to con- they say, we should do that. It never in urging Congress to shelve the tax cuts. But that was before I did something that trol the rate of growth in the Federal ceases to amaze me that in Wash- most journalists (and even politicians) still Government spending by over $1 tril- ington, DC, a capital gains tax rate cut haven’t done: I took a close look at the tax lion over the next 7 years, should not is fought. But out where people are cre- bill. the people that are paying the bills, ating the jobs and when they want to Now I’m changing my mind. The tax carrying the load, doing the work, get be able to sell timber or timberland, changes are a political plus—and likely an just a little bit of the relief? they understand that a capital gains economic plus as well. Once Americans un- And I want to ask my colleagues: tax rate cut would help them and derstand them (and few do now) they’re apt What is it you object to in this list of would help the economy and would cre- to become very, very enthusiastic. Reluctant politicians risk being trampled. tax cuts? I felt very strongly that we ate jobs. But not in Washington, no. The two main provisions of the tax bill, should have had these tax cuts in the What about the $500 tax credit per H.R. 1215, are these: body of this resolution. I am pleased child? Why do we not want to let the (1) Nearly every family with children can that we have the dividend that is des- families with children keep a little bit reduce its final tax bill by $500 per kid. ignated for tax cuts. But I really think more of their own money, let them de- For example, the average household headed we should make it clear that we want cide how they want to spend money for by a married couple has an income of about some of these changes. And what we clothing and schools and food for their $50,000 a year. If that family has three chil- dren, its current federal income tax bill, ac- are talking about is some tax cuts that children? Oh, no, it is much better to cording to a study by Price Waterhouse, is will encourage growth. have a program from Washington that $4,643. Whatever happened to the idea that does it for you or tells you how you But if H.R. 1215 becomes law, the family’s one of best ways to reduce the deficit is must do it. This would allow the deci- tax bill well be reduced by $1,500—to $3,143, a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 cut of a whopping 32 percent. Such a family cent. Such a family with two children would poses any attempts to increase the spending with two children would save 20 percent, save 20 percent, with four children, 47 per- projected in the Budget Resolution. ‘‘No’’ with four children, 47 percent. cent. votes on such amendments will likewise be These are huge cuts, perhaps unprece- This is a significant move to help included as pro-taxpayer votes in our Rating. dented in U.S. fiscal history. Yet I doubt We are pleased that for the first time in fif- that most Americans know much about families with children. So, Mr. President, when I look down teen years the Senate Budget Committee has them. The press coverage of H.R. 1215 earlier reported a Budget Resolution to balance the this year was dominated by a specious con- the list of provisions in this tax cut, I budget without raising taxes. While the troversy over whether tax relief benefited ask—in fact, I challenge—Senators to Budget Committee has outlined significant the wealthy. Of course, it does—but only if come out here and tell me which one of spending cuts, the final proposals will be the rich are willing to invest their money, these they are against. drafted by the authorizing and appropria- not spent it. Which brings us to the second Are you against providing tax incen- tions committees. The Committee has made element . . . suggestions that NTU has supported for (2) Taxes on capital gains will be cut dra- tives for the purchase of long-term care insurance? How about a home office de- many years, including the termination or matically. privatization of many government programs. This is the part that’s meant to encourage duction for small business men and It also begins the long-overdue process of re- investing, and it’s a fact that most investing women, individual entrepreneurs that forming Medicare, which is headed for bank- is done by families with higher incomes. But work out of their homes? Everybody ruptcy in a few years. the capital gains cuts in H.R. 1215 aren’t a else gets a deduction for office ex- Unless current trends change soon, funding replay of the Reagan tax cuts, which didn’t penses but not if you work in your work as advertised. increases in major entitlement programs Those 1986 cuts lowered the tax rates on in- home. More and more Americans are will slash the after-tax income of the aver- come (salaries, bonuses, interest on bonds) doing that, are able to do that, or are age American worker by almost 60% over the but actually raised the rates on capital gains going to have to do it in the future. next 45 years. After-tax income would plunge (profits from the sales of assets like stocks So I think there are many good pro- from $19,000 in 1995 to $7,821 in 2040. As bleak and real estate). As a result, the changes en- visions in this legislation. I urge the as this projection may seem, it is based on couraged consumption, but not investment. an optimistic assumption that pre-tax in- Senate to support it. It does have the comes will rise faster over the next 45 years In fact, the paltry U.S. savings rate actually support of a number of groups that are fell. than they have over the past 20. This spend- The changes in the tax bill the House interested in encouraging growth and ing growth is not sustainable, and if allowed passed in April are directly targeted at in- savings in the business community. to grow unchecked will permanently damage vestment—and they’re extremely powerful. The Heritage Foundation indicated our children’s hope for a better future. The bill does two things: First, it reduces that 490,563 children in my State of In the world economy, the advent of the a family’s capital gains rate to one-half of Mississippi would be eligible for the per Information Revolution will give a huge ad- its income-tax rate. So, if you’re in a 28 per- child credit that I spoke of a moment vantage to efficient governments. Because computers allow most economic transactions cent bracket (taxable income of $38,000 to ago. That means almost $245.3 million $92,000 for a couple filing jointly), you’ll pay to occur literally anywhere, competition be- just 14 percent on your stock profits. of this hard-earned cash would be re- tween jurisdictions expands by the day. That Second, the bill indexes capital gains, turned to the families in my State. necessitates a revolution in the way govern- which means that you only pay taxes on real In President Clinton’s home State of ment is financed and a radical downsizing of profits, not on inflation. Indexing can Arkansas, there are 458,547 children its activities. The budget restraint in this produce huge tax savings—but only for long- who would benefit from the per child resolution will force necessary reexamina- term investors. And long-term investors are tax credit. That is about $229 million tion and reform of many government pro- what the U.S. economy desperately needs; more than Arkansas families will get grams. they provide the capital that creates good back without this tax credit. While we fully support the Budget Resolu- jobs. tion, we are disappointed that it does not Consider a family with taxable income of So I think, Mr. President, we have an project passage of the important tax reduc- $80,000 a year that buys 200 shares of Wal- opportunity to really help the economy tion proposals that the House passed last Mart at $25 a share, holds the stock for six and to help the families in this coun- month. Therefore, we support an amendment years, then sells it for $50 a share—a profit of try. We should add this amendment to by Senator Phil Gramm and others that $5,000. the resolution. Then, when we go to would further restrain spending growth, ac- Right now, taxes would be $1,400 (28 per- conference, while there still would be commodate most of the House-passed tax cent of $5,000). But under H.R. 1215, if infla- cuts, and still balance the budget by 2002. It tion over those six years averaged about 3 some differences, we could work out those differences and have tax relief in is vitally important that Congress also re- percent, the family would pay tax only on its duce the tax burden on middle-class tax- ‘‘real’’ (non-inflationary) gain—on $4,000 this very important legislation. payers and the present tax disincentives for rather than on $5,000. And the rate would be So I urge the support of the Gramm savings, investment, and economic growth. just 14 percent. So the tax bill would be $560 amendment. The typical American taxpayer has to work instead of $1,400, a reduction of 60 percent. Mr. President, I yield the floor. until May 6 this year just to pay his federal, Would capital gains cuts of that magnitude The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- state, and local taxes. Overburdened tax- entice Americans to save and invest rather ator from Texas. payers expect and deserve substantial relief than to consume? It’s a good bet. from this crushing tax load. A vote for the The tax changes in H.R. 1215 would mean Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I ask Gramm amendment will be included as pro- that the Treasury would receive about $80 unanimous consent to print a series of taxpayer vote in our Rating. billion less revenue in 2002 than it now ex- letters in the RECORD in support of the Through almost 200 years of American his- pects. That’s a shortfall of about 4 percent amendment by the National Taxpayers tory, our leaders strove to follow Thomas that would have to be met with extra spend- Union, by Citizens for a Sound Econ- Jefferson’s wise advice: ‘‘We shall consider ing restraint. is the trade-off worth it? It’s omy, by the Christian Coalition, by ourselves unauthorized to saddle posterity more and more clear the answer is yes. Traditional Values Coalition, by the with our debts, and morally bound to pay Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I quote Family Research Council, by Con- them ourselves.’’ Passage of the Budget Res- from that article I think the most per- cerned Women of America, by the Busi- olution is essential if Congress hopes to re- tinent part: ness and Industrial Council, and by the store a fiscally sound future for the next (1) Nearly every family with children can National Federation of Independent generation. Sincerely, reduce its final tax bill by $500 per kid. Business. DAVID KEATING, For example, the average household headed There being no objection, the letters by a married couple has an income of about Executive Vice President. $50,000 a year. were ordered to be printed in the Not rich folks; these are middle-in- RECORD, as follows: CITIZENS FOR A come, working people. NATIONAL TAXPAYERS UNION, SOUND ECONOMY, Washington, DC, May 22, 1995. Washington, DC, May 17, 1995. If that family has three children, its cur- DEAR SENATOR: The 300,000-member Na- Hon. PHIL GRAMM, rent Federal income tax bill, according to a tional Taxpayers Union (NTU) strongly sup- U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. study by Price Waterhouse, is $4,643. ports the FY 1996 Budget Resolution (S. Con. DEAR SENATOR GRAMM: I am writing on be- But if— Res. 13) as reported by the Senate Budget half of the 250,000 members of Citizens for a This amendment is added to the Committee. A vote FOR the Committee’s Sound Economy (CSE) to register our sup- budget resolution— Budget Resolution will be scored as one of port for your proposal to balance the budget The family’s tax bill will be reduced by the most heavily-weighted pro-taxpayer by 2002 by cutting taxes and slowing federal $1,500—to $3,143, a cut of a whopping 32 per- votes in our 1995 Rating of Congress. NTU op- spending growth.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7175 In order to encourage a growing economy resolution. On behalf of Traditional Values portant goal of deficit reduction, it is impor- that creates new, high-paying jobs and rising Coalition’s 31,000 member churches I am tant to point that the Gramm proposal—like living standards for our children and grand- writing to urge you to support Senator Phil the House GOP Contract—provides both sig- children, we must bring federal spending Gramm’s amendment. nificant tax relief and significant deficit re- under control. Your proposal does this by For too long special interests have had duction. As such, it recognizes that these limiting federal spending increases to 3.3 more clout and control over the budget proc- two important goals are not mutually exclu- percent per year. Cutting taxes and capping ess than working families. In addition, over sive. the dollars available for the federal govern- the last few decades Washington has shown a ment to spend would mean more dollars for lack of financial discipline, forcing working I urge you, therefore, to enthusiastically American families to spend. Letting Ameri- families to shoulder the burden of increased support Senator Gramm’s efforts. Please let cans spend and invest their money as they government spending and higher taxes. Tra- me know if you would like additional infor- like, instead of allowing the government to ditional Values Coalition believes that it is mation about this subject from me or any spend their money for them, is one of the now time for Congress to change its prior- member of my staff. best things Congress could do to strengthen ities and focus by providing tax relief to the Sincerely, our economy. parents of 52 million children. With the pas- GARY L. BAUER, Americans are faced with chronic federal sage of the Contract with America, the President. budget deficits because of ever-increasing Houses has acknowledged this injustice to- government spending. CSE strongly supports ward working families. I hope the Senate your plan because it would cut taxes and will as well. CONCERNED WOMEN help bring federal spending under control, Senator Gramm’s amendment will restrain FOR AMERICA, thereby resulting in the first balanced budg- the growth in federal spending by $94 billion Washington, DC, May 12, 1995. et in a generation. over five years and provide desperately need- Hon. PHIL GRAMM, Sincerely, ed tax relief for 29 million hardworking fami- Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, PAUL BECKNER, lies. TVC believes cuts in wasteful govern- DC. President. ment spending will pay for the family tax re- DEAR SENATOR GRAMM: Concerned Women lief. These spending cuts should come from for America is the nation’s largest pro-fam- CHRISTIAN COALITION, eliminating hundreds of programs ranging ily women’s organization with over 600,000 CAPITOL HILL OFFICE, from the Uranium Enrichment program ($1.6 members. For many years CWA has worked Washington, DC, May 8, 1995. billion) to the National Endowment for the on legislative efforts to allow American fam- DEAR SENATOR: On behalf of the 1.5 million Arts and Humanities ($1.4 billion) and by ilies to keep more of their hard-earned members and supporters of the Christian Co- privatizing the Corporation for Public Broad- alition, I am writing to urge your support for casting ($1 billion). money. Thus, we have worked diligently in Senator Phil Gramm’s proposed substitute In the 1950’s, the average American family favor of the $500-per-child tax credit, home- amendment to the Concurrent Budget Reso- paid 3% of their income in federal taxes. maker IRA equity, and tax credits for adop- lution for FY ’96 when it comes to the floor Today, the average family sends 25% of its tion expenses. next week. This amendment will provide for income to Washington. It is outrageous that We are very disturbed by the increased tax tax relief and growth incentives as promised the average working family pays more to the burden on families which often compels both in the Contract With America. tax man than it spends on shelter, food and parents to enter the work force in order to The American family has repeatedly been clothing. promised tax relief, only to see those prom- Traditional Values Coalition believes that make financial ends meet. In 1948 the median ises broken. That is why the recent passage working families are better equipped to family of four paid only two percent to of its by the House of Representatives of the fam- make decisions on how to spend their own income to the federal government in taxes. ily tax relief promised in the Contract With money than bureaucrats in Washington. However, in 1989 the same family paid nearly America was particularly gratifying. But the Working families are not asking for any- 24 percent in federal taxes. Adding on state American people do not make differentia- thing special or an entitlement. They are and local taxes, over one-third of that fam- tions between the House and the Senate— simply asking for the government to return ily’s income will be spent on taxes. they only know that Republicans cam- what rightfully belongs to them—their hard Families in your state need you to stand paigned on the Contract With America and earned money. firm on their behalf. The House GOP ‘‘Con- that the 1994 elections were a mandate to the Traditional Values Coalition considers tract With America’’ was passed because the Republican party to pass the Contract. That Senator Gramm’s amendment pro-family is why we are writing today to urge the Sen- and pro-growth. Last year Congress put voters made their voices heard last Novem- ate to stick with the tax relief promised in spending first, this year put families first. ber. Tax relief for families was a vital com- the Contract With America. Sincerely, ponent that helped to spark that revolution. Although all Americans have been im- REV. LOUIS P. SHELDON, Now it is time for the Senate to do its part pacted by today’s high taxation level, fami- Chairman. to fight for families. Otherwise, the Senate lies with children have particularly felt the will shoulder the voters’ outrage and become impact due to the diminished value of the FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL, the weak link in the fight for smaller gov- personal exemption. The personal exemption Washington, DC, May 10, 1995. ernment and less taxes. protected 68 percent of the average family of DEAR SENATOR: I am writing to express my CWA cannot compromise on this principle. four’s earnings from taxation in 1948, but it support for an amendment Senator Gramm has not kept up with inflation and higher in- plans to offer to the budget resolution when This issue is not about class warfare. It is ar- come. If it had done so, it would today be be- it reaches the Senate floor later this month. rogant and baseless to assert that govern- tween $7,000 and $8,000. The American family The amendment would significantly reduce ment cannot afford to allow families to keep pays more in federal, state, and local taxes, the tax burden on America’s families by more of their own money. Families should than it does for food, clothing, and housing adopting a $500 per-child tax credit and a va- not have to suffer for the appalling lack of combined. riety of other tax measures (including a de- discipline and will in Congress to cut federal It is important to remember that in asking duction for adoption expenses, spousal IRA spending! for the $500 per child tax credit, families are benefits, etc.) which are very much needed. Please join Concerned Women for Amer- not asking for a new subsidy, a new entitle- The Gramm proposal allows the Senate to ican in supporting the Gramm amendment to ment, or a new spending program from the adopt the ‘‘crown jewel’’ of the House GOP’s the Senate Budget. CWA members in your government. They are asking to keep more Contract With America. It recognizes that of their own hard-earned income in order to the electoral revolution that occurred last state, and all America’s families, will re- raise their families. November 8 was driven in no small part by a member your vote. We urge the Senate to put families first desire on the part of the American people to Sincerely, and support the Gramm substitute amend- see the size of government reduced and the BEVERLY LAHAYE, ment when it comes to the floor next week. amount of disposal income available for President. This is the family dividend of budget reduc- their use increased. tion. Thank you for your attention to our As you know, the 1986 White House Work- UNITED STATES concerns. ing Group on the Family that I chaired for BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL, Sincerely, President Reagan had as its central rec- Washington, DC, May 16, 1995. RALPH E. REED, JR., ommendation a dramatic increase in per- Hon. PHIL GRAMM, Executive Director. child tax benefits. The Senate has an his- U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. toric opportunity to address this long over- TRADITIONAL VALUES COALITION, looked area of tax law and to demonstrate to DEAR SENATOR GRAMM: In recent testi- May 12, 1995. the American people that it is working to mony to the Congressional Joint Economic Hon. PHIL GRAMM, make the kinds of changes Americans voted Committee, Milton Friedman has calculated U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. for last November. the aggregate cost of direct and indirect gov- DEAR SENATOR GRAMM. Next week the Sen- While I recognize that some legislators ernment expenditures at a staggering 50 per- ate will begin consideration of the budget perceive tax relief to be at odds with the im- cent of national output. About half of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 U.S. Gross Domestic Product is taken in tate tax relief, incentives for retirement sav- down here, Mr. President—will have taxes by the government at the federal, ings, and capital gains tax reduction and in- their tax cut by only $247 per year. state, and local levels, including the costs of dexing. Your plan includes all of these pro- Those earning $30,000 to $50,000 will get complying with excessive government regu- posals and more. a tax cut of $569 a year. That is about lations. Moreover, the Institute for Policy We applaud your efforts and look forward Innovation states that 50 percent of the aver- to working with you. $1.50 a day. age family’s budget goes to pay taxes to all Sincerely, Collectively, these families, shown in levels of government. Clearly, the federal JOHN J. MOTLEY III, orange on the chart, represent 35 per- government is far too big and is taking too Vice President, cent of all American families, but they much from our economy. The Congress needs Federal Governmental Relations. will receive less than 15 percent of the to drastically cut spending and also cut taxes. Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. benefits under this tax cut. USBIC strongly supports your proposed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The least affluent, 25 percent of amendment to the Senate Budget Resolution ator from Nebraska. American families, earning less than which would cut spending further in order to Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 4 $20,000 a year, shown in red, Mr. Presi- achieve the crucially important tax cuts al- minutes to the Senator from Con- dent, this thin column here, will re- ready passed by the House as part of the Con- necticut. ceive a tax cut of $20 to $90 a year. tract with America. Your amendment would The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- combine the savings from lowering non-de- Now that we have a better under- fense discretionary spending ($117 billion ator from Connecticut is recognized for standing of who is riding in the wagon, over seven years) beyond the reductions al- 4 minutes. let us take a look at who is truly pull- ready in the Senate Budget Committee Reso- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I thank my ing the weight. The contract’s tax cut lution, with Medicaid savings derived from colleague from Nebraska. package will cost $345 billion over 7 accelerating the decrease in the rate of Let me just begin by stating some- years and $639 billion over 10 years. growth in Medicaid. In addition, your thing that may put me within the mi- amendment would use the ‘‘dividend’’ pro- How is this going to be paid for? By nority here. I am opposed to all tax some of the most draconian, in my jected by the Congressional Budget Office re- cuts in this bill, not because I am op- sulting from balancing the budget by 2002. view, cuts presented on the floor of this All of these additional spending cuts and posed to tax cuts. I think they ought to body. Medicare recipients who have a savings would be combined to pay for $173 all be postponed—that is my own median income of $17,000 will pay an billion in tax reductions over five years. We view—whether they come from one additional $3,200 in the next 7 years. are delighted that your amendment would source or another. If we are honestly I do not argue the fact that Medicare preserve the following crucial tax cuts al- dealing with deficit reduction, tax cuts needs to be addressed, but we might be ready in the Contract—capital gains tax re- ought not be on the table. more creative in solving that problem duction and indexing, small business estate But I do want to rise and express my than using those dollars to pay for a and gift tax relief, small business expensing, opposition to the particular proposal and repeal of the corporate alternate min- tax cut, as I pointed out earlier, that being offered today because I think it imum tax. USBIC believes that the capital goes to upper-income people. After dec- is particularly egregious and creates gains tax cut alone, if scored dynamically ades of hard work, the seniors face re- serious problems for our country. rather than statically, will increase revenues tirement years full of anxiety—all of us by $150 billion over five years, thereby in- My colleague from Texas, with whom know it—and squeezed by medical bills. and-of itself almost paying for all the other I serve on the Banking Committee, has Medicare problems are a symptom of a tax cuts yet a second time. often and very colorfully talked about We represent 1000 small and medium-sized, larger problem. It did not create the who is in the wagon and outside the mostly family-owned businesses nationwide. problem. More than 12 million working wagon. I raise here a picture of the As you know, such businesses employ half of families will have to pay higher taxes good old chuck wagon. I call it the Re- our nation’s workforce and create two thirds because of the Republican proposal to of all new jobs. Such businesses are the bed- publican tax cut wagon. cut some $21 billion from the earned in- rock of the nation’s economy, yet they are I am going to use the wagon meta- come tax credit, a program that Presi- being severely squeezed by high taxes and ex- phor to explain to people, if I can, what dent Ronald Reagan called ‘‘one of the cessive regulations. Your amendment pre- we are talking about with this pro- serving the vitally needed House tax cuts best programs we can possibly have to posal. The wagon metaphor is a potent will strongly improve the nation’s economy offer to the working poor in this coun- by stimulating investment, growth, and new one. If we apply it to the Contract With try.’’ jobs. In Connecticut, these cuts will in- Sincerely, America’s tax cut, I think people will crease taxes on 87,000 working families KEVIN L. KEARNS, get a clear picture of what we are talk- President. ing about. If you take off the wagon’s by an average of $1,400 over 7 years. cover and show what is inside this tax- College students, Mr. President, will NATIONAL FEDERATION OF cut wagon, you get a clear picture of see the cost of a diploma rise by any- INDEPENDENT BUSINESS, where from $2,000 to $5,000 as a result of Washington, DC, May 16, 1995. what is occurring. More than 51 percent of those riding cuts in the student loan interest sub- Hon. PHIL GRAMM, sidy and other programs. U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. in this tax-cut wagon are the wealthi- DEAR SENATOR GRAMM: On behalf of the est 12 percent of our population in this Mr. President, in my opinion, it is more than 600,000 members of the National country earning more than $100,000 a the height of hypocrisy to bemoan the Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), I year. In fact, the richest 1 percent, the fact that some Americans are riding in am writing to support your amendment, the best off of the population, of those the wagon while others are pulling and Contract with America Tax Fairness and earning over $350,000 will reap, under then turn around and offer a massive Deficit Reduction Act, to the FY 1996 Budget tax cut and ask working families, stu- Resolution. this proposal, an average windfall of For the first time in decades, the Congress $20,000 in tax breaks. People earning dents, and seniors to foot the bill for a is debating a resolution that puts the federal over $200,000 will receive a tax break in tax break for the more affluent in our budget on a permanent path to a balanced excess of $11,000. Is it any wonder that society. federal budget. Your amendment would a recent Wall Street Journal article de- Mr. President, I just feel, here make possible significant tax relief for scribed the House GOP tax-cut pack- again—and I say this with all due re- American families and small businesses spect to my colleagues that are pro- while balancing the budget by the year 2002. age, much of what we are voting on It returns hard-earned money to families and today, in these words, and I quote the posing this—this is not a time for this small businesses who know best how to Wall Street Journal: kind of a tax cut here at all. We cannot spend it. Don’t do anything yet, but start sali- afford it. Deficit reduction ought to be NFIB members strongly support a balanced vating. The tax bill passed Wednesday by the the name of the game. If we are going federal budget and believe their taxes should House of Representatives could turn out to to have deficit reduction, if we are be reduced. High taxes consistently rank at be the biggest tax-saving bonanza in years going to ask people to pay, then to the top of the list of concerns for small busi- for upper-income Americans. offer 12 percent of the American popu- ness owners in surveys conducted by the NFIB Education Foundation. While the tax-cut package represents lation to become a beneficiary of 51 Important tax relief for small business in- a bonanza to the very well off, families percent of this break, it seems to me cludes: small business and family farm es- earning $20,000 to $30,000—this area ill-advised and wrongheaded.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7177 My hope is that this amendment will Let me show you what 70 percent of Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have one be rejected and we will come together the people in this country want. This or two speakers scheduled to come. I around a sound budget alternative. I chart shows a USA Today poll which will make a few comments before rec- thank my colleague from Nebraska. asks, ‘‘Do you prefer deficit reduction ognizing those who indicated they Mr. GRAMM addressed the Chair. or tax cuts?’’ Seventy percent say that would like to speak on this subject. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- if we are going to cut spending, we Let me say that the debate has been ator from Texas. should apply it toward deficit reduc- very interesting and very challenging. Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I would tion. That’s almost three times the I will simply say that I hope all Sen- like to say to my dear colleague from number of people who prefer tax cuts. ators will realize and recognize that Connecticut that that is a fine looking So what are we doing here? We are this is a very key amendment that we wagon. thwarting the obvious will of the peo- must defeat if we are going to truly Mr. DODD. Not if you look on the in- ple. The amendment of the Senator balance the budget and not try to fool side of it. from Texas reminds me of turning a the American people. Mr. GRAMM. It is beautiful both in- child loose in a candy store. I cannot Time and time again, it has been said side and out. that we cannot have a tax cut and bal- I would like to make a couple of sim- think of anything in this amendment that I would not love to vote for, ex- ance the budget, too. I reference once ple points. No. 1, our colleagues always again the fact that I was hearing the get confused when we are talking about cept the very regressive part of the tax which rewards the rich and takes from same story on the floor of the Senate tax cuts. They are always thinking in the early 1980’s when a massive tax about welfare. So they cannot under- the poor. The Senator’s amendment has a new IRA, it has a deduction for cut was proposed at the same time the stand when we cut taxes that people President of the United States was who do not pay any taxes do not get a caring for the elderly. It has all kinds of tax breaks that I would love to vote going to balance the budget in 4 years. tax cut. Those people are already Now, I think the President of the riding in the wagon. I did not see 40 for. But Mr. President, we cannot af- ford this, and the people of this coun- United States at that time was just not million people on welfare riding in that well informed. I happen to think that wagon. I did not see $350 billion taken try do not believe it is possible to have these tax cuts and balance the budget, the numbers simply will not add up. I away last year from working people to think most realistic people will say, too. give to the people riding in the wagon. while it would be nice—this Senator When our colleague says that some- When I ride home on an airplane, I talk to the people around me, and they and everyone on this side and certainly one with a certain income level only everyone on that side would like to got a $120 tax reduction, since the cred- say, ‘‘Senator, the thing that troubles me about you Democrats is you engage have the opportunity to provide a tax it is $1,000 for a two-child family, that cut—the overriding problem in Amer- means they were only paying $120 in in class warfare.’’ I hear that very often. I suppose Rush Limbaugh has ica today is the deficit. taxes. Tax cuts are for people who are Certainly, this Senator would be the talked about it, otherwise, so many paying taxes. In terms of all this busi- first one to join the bandwagon for a people would not be talking about it. ness about rich people, I go back to my tax cut that was targeted at middle-in- But who is really engaging in class point: How can we be a country that come America. Certainly, the $500 cred- warfare here? Look at what the amend- loves jobs and hates the people that it for school-age children would be one ment of the Senator from Texas does. create them? The only way rich people that I would be attracted to. will benefit from the capital gains tax It gives a whopping $124 a year to peo- I have to say, as a fiscal conserv- rate is to invest money and be success- ple who make zero to $30,000 a year. ative, and I think no one can question ful. If they invest money and they are That is a pizza every third Friday that, as one who voted for the balanced successful and they do create jobs and night. And when you take away the budget amendment, the last big vote the Federal Government takes a sub- earned income tax credit, they pay a we had in the Senate with regard to stantial portion of what they earn, why lot more. They not only do not get the who wants to get things done, I simply should they not benefit? What is wrong $124, they wind up losing a substantial say that I believe the measure being of- with profits? Is America the only coun- amount every year. But what about fered by the Senator from Texas, which try in the world as we are going into people who make over $200,000 a year? is an incorporation of Speaker Ging- the 21st century where capitalism is a What kind of tax cut would they get rich’s crown jewel of America, as far as dirty word? out of this amendment? They would the Contract With America is con- This is something I do not under- get a cut of $11,266. Why, Robin Hood cerned, is simply unrealistic. I hope stand. This is a different perspective on would be whirling in his grave—taking very much it will be defeated. America than I have ever seen. Again, from the poor to give to the rich. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I won- I think it does clearly define the vision They say, ‘‘You Democrats talk too der if the Senator will yield to me for that I am talking about versus the old much about class warfare.’’ If that is a question. and tired vision which has dominated not class warfare, I do not know what Mr. EXON. I am happy to yield. American Government for 40 years. It is. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I used is almost as if it is better to have peo- Mr. President, the last time we had a this chart a while ago and the Senator ple in misery as long as we can rub balanced budget was when Lyndon from Texas did not yield for a question. everybody’s nose in it, rather than try- Johnson dumped the Social Security This chart is page 7 of the budget reso- ing to create incentives for economic trust fund into the budget. And since lution that is before the Senate. growth. Redistributing wealth does not that time, we have had integrated I ask the Senator from Nebraska if solve poverty. Creating wealth does budgets. Social Security has been this is not accurate. I notice that the solve it, and that is what the debate is counted. Otherwise, the deficit would Senator from Texas says, ‘‘With this about. have been much, much bigger. So what plan of ours, the budget is balanced. So I reserve the remainder of my time. do we do under this budget? We are now, we will go give tax cuts.’’ Of Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 4 going to take $600 billion of Social Se- course, tax cuts for the wealthy but, minutes to my colleague from Arkan- curity funds over the next 7 years to nonetheless, tax cuts. sas. pretend to the American people that Page 7 of the budget resolution says Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I we have achieved a balanced budget. ‘‘Deficits.’’ On line 21, the year 2002, a thank the distinguished floor manager. And the Senator from Texas comes $113 billion deficit remaining in the Let me say, first of all, capitalism is with an amendment that will only cost year 2002. not a dirty word. Crazy budgeting is $350 billion—talk about deja vu. I heard Is it not true that this budget resolu- what is crazy. It is not dirty, but it is all of this in 1981, $3.5 trillion ago, how tion does not come to the floor saying crazy. Everybody in this body is always we can cut taxes and balance the budg- we balanced the budget; it comes to the saying, ‘‘This is what the people want. et. floor saying we have a $113 billion def- They want term limits, and they want Mr. President, I divinely hope our icit in the year 2002? a constitutional amendment to balance colleagues will not accept this amend- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I answer the budget.’’ ment. I yield the floor. my colleague from North Dakota by

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 saying he is absolutely correct. The do I want them to go to college, I want who are totally dependent on $25,000 a figures that he cites are in the budget them to be healthy. When their health year or less for their income and, on resolution. is secured, I then want them to go to top of that, are having to supplement What I think the Senator from North college. I do not have only one objec- their Medicare Program with about 20 Dakota fails to recognize is that the tive for my children. percent of their income, or roughly tooth fairy is going to take care of that We have set out a budget that bal- $5,000, for that group that is at the deficit. With that explanation, I am ances the budget. What I am proposing $25,000 level. It does not leave much for sure that the Senator will be fully sat- to do is to cut Government spending ordinary living. And heaven forbid that isfied. further, eliminate the Federal Depart- a nursing home long-term care pro- I reserve the balance of my time. ment of Education, reduce subsidies to gram is involved. That is the end of it. Mr. GRAMM. I guess one of the business and cut taxes by that amount But we want to do that so we can things that is always frustrating about so that families can invest more of take care of the tax cut, a tax cut pri- political debate is that it is so seldom their own money rather than having marily for those who are at the top of that we will really talk about the Government spend their money for the income ladder. issues that are involved. So we have them, and cut the capital gains tax The question resolves itself very drifted far afield from those issues. rate and let businesses invest their much, whose side are you on? On this I would like to go back and try to set money as they see fit, rather than us side of the aisle we are on the side of them all in perspective. I am going to subsidizing businesses to invest money the working Americans, the people who reserve my final moments to conclude where we would like it to be invested. are doing their darnedest to try to the debate, and I will allow the Demo- That is what this debate is about. I keep home and family together, to try crats to speak until their time has ex- reserve the balance of my time. to provide for the education of their pired. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 6 children, to give them a hand up so First of all, this is not a debate about minutes to the Senator from New Jer- when it is their turn to takeover fam- balancing the budget versus cutting sey. ily responsibilities and leadership in taxes. I am not proposing to cut taxes, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the country they are prepared to do it. except to the degree that spending is ator from New Jersey is recognized for An America falling behind competi- being cut beyond the level contained in 6 minutes. tively is not a sight that is pleasant to the budget resolution. Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I see. An America whose health, whose I am proposing, if we look at this thank my friend and colleague, the longevity is declining compared to chart, very simply to do this: The red ranking member of the Budget Com- other nations in the world is not a line here starts off with the Federal mittee. pleasant sight to see. An America who Government spending roughly $1.5 tril- I think we are getting down to where is 25th among nations in foreign aid lion this year. It shows how much the this debate is all going to be in the —25th among the 25 most advanced na- Government can spend over the next 7 RECORD and the decisions will have tions in this world. They leave us be- years and still balance the unified been made. It focuses or centers around hind. When there are not only impor- budget of the United States of Amer- a couple of fairly narrow issues, as I tant diplomatic objectives to be gained ica. see them. but important commercial objectives What I am proposing is to cut spend- We can discuss forever whether there to be gained as well. ing below that level so that rather were tax cuts intended when the Budg- We see what happens. We need border than the Federal Government investing et Committee passed the resolution on guards. We know the State of Texas likes to see more border guards to help in the education of our children, fami- the floor, or whether there were not; curb illegal immigration. We need lies can invest in the education of our and at times, it was said in the slip of more FBI agents, as we have seen very children; only the families will know a tongue that, yes, they were for tax recently. the names of the children they are in- cuts; no, they were not for tax cuts be- We have to change the way we deal vesting in. Only the families will have cause the Finance Committee was with security issues. But, no, all of a stake directly in those children. going to be making its decision. It was those things are put on hold so we can My proposal is to cut Government just going to be kind of set aside, $170 take care of a tax reduction for those spending on things like Government billion set aside that would be there to who in many cases do not need it. subsidies to business, so we can cut the provide savings, but everybody knew it Yes, when you get to the middle class capital gains tax rate, so that we can was there, but for the wink of an eye Americans, when those who are in the provide incentives for investment deci- was reserved for tax cuts. level of income where they need all the sions to be made by people who are Today we have heard a debate about help they can get, that is a worthwhile going to benefit or lose in those invest- the real thing. We have come face to consideration. But for someone who is ment decisions, so that the market- face, finally, with what the issue is. making $150,000 a year, $350,000 a year, place, based on competition and effi- The issue, very simply, is whether or or more? That is not necessary, in my ciency, can make investment decisions. not we are going to deprive people of view, when it comes to considering the With regard to the debate about the programs that are essential; that is, to price that is paid for it. income level of the people paying the take care of those seniors who are The statement was made just a few taxes, the point is if we give a $500 tax beneficiaries of Medicare, to make sure minutes ago about whether we would credit per child in America, if someone that Medicaid has the funding so that like to see our children healthy or edu- is not paying $500 worth of taxes, they in places like Newark, NJ, and cated? I could not agree more with do not get the tax credit. throughout this country, hospitals that what the Senator from Texas said. I But then what we are trying to do is derive 60 percent, 70 percent, 80 percent would like to see the kids healthy first. to deal with a problem that in 1950, the of their income from Medicaid because But I also want my kids to be secure. I average family with two children was they serve a poverty-stricken popu- want them to know in the next century sending 1 out of every $50 it earned to lation will not have to close. that instability within our society was Washington for the Congress to spend; We want to do that, as I hear the ar- not created by the elimination of some today the average family in America gument today, so that we can take care programs to give people job training, a with two children is sending $1 out of of the tax cuts that benefit primarily decent education, an opportunity for every $4 to Washington for the Con- those in the upper income levels. full participation in our society. In- gress to spend. I want to let families As a matter of fact, roughly, for stead of pretending we are going to be spend more of their own money on every person earning $350,000 it is esti- able to shield off some of the problems their own children for their own future. mated by Treasury that there will be a that we have. That is what this debate is about. $20,000 reduction in taxes. That is a The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. If we ask people if they want to bal- pretty hefty present at the end of the KYL). The 6 minutes of the Senator has ance the budget or cut taxes, they say year, $20,000, while they are asking sen- expired. balance the budget. I agree. If we ask ior citizens who, on average, 75 percent Mr. LAUTENBERG. I close with the do I want my children to be healthy or of them, make $25,000 a year or less, question very simply put on this chart,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7179 and that is: Whose side are we on? We tax cut in the Contract With America. we would do, and I am opposed to it. I here are on the side of the average We will have cut the growth in spend- support this amendment, and I urge my American and our friends on the other ing sufficiently to balance the Federal colleagues to vote for it. side of the aisle want to take care of budget and to let working men and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time those who have enough, who have women keep more of what they earn to of the Senator has expired. enough power, to give them an extra invest in their future, to invest in their All time on this amendment has ex- edge they do not need. children, to invest in their businesses. pired. I yield the floor. If we reject this amendment we will Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who have a budget in the Senate that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- yields time? spends $175 billion more on nondefense ator from New Mexico. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, what is the spending over the next 7 years than the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I un- remaining time on each side? House budget does, and by not reducing derstand under the sequencing that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- spending as much, we will not give a next amendment is Senator Exon’s ator from Nebraska has 2 minutes and tax cut to working families, we will amendment, and I ask unanimous con- 22 seconds. The Senator from Texas, 4 not cut the capital gains tax rate, we sent that time on the Exon amendment minutes. will not transfer spending authority be limited to the following: 15 minutes Mr. EXON. Is the Senator from Texas back to parents. We will continue to under the control of Senator EXON, 5 ready to yield back his time? take the position, as this budget does, minutes under the control of Senator Mr. GRAMM. No, I am going to be that the Congress of the United States DOMENICI, and there be no second-de- the final speaker. I intend to use my knows better how to spend $175 billion gree amendments in order to the Exon last 4 minutes. than parents would know how to spend amendment. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, winding up it, if they got to keep it to invest in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the debate, I just want to reiterate, if their own children; that we, by spend- objection? The Chair hears none, and it I might, some very fundamental points ing $175 billion more than the House in is so ordered. that have been made over and over this budget, believe we can do more to Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. again. help the economy through Government The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- First, we have high hopes that this subsidies than the private sector can ator from Nebraska. particular amendment that is univer- do by cutting the capital gains tax rate Mr. EXON. At this time I would like sally opposed on this side of the aisle is and by having real investment in the to yield for purposes of a statement on also substantially opposed on that side private sector of the economy. the budget to the Senator from Mon- of the aisle and, therefore, this might A new day is dawning in the House of tana for 10 minutes. And then we will well be the first victory that we have Representatives. They did something proceed, if it is all right with the man- had in the whole series of debates on virtually unheard of in the modern era ager of the bill, with the Exon amend- the budget, inside the Budget Com- of American politics. They set out in ment. mittee and on the floor of the Senate. black and white what they would do if Mr. DOMENICI. I thank the Senator. I hope my optimism about this vote we gave them a majority in the House Mr. President, let me just ask, if I is not ill founded, because if the of Representatives, as we did in the could, we have made some commit- amendment offered by the Senator Senate, and then they did it. What we ments that after the Senator from Ne- from Texas comes to pass and is agreed are doing here is fulfilling only half of braska we have a defense amendment. to by this body, I think it is going to our contract. Then after that the Senator has told us cause such havoc that the conference Now, I know from having talked to Senator FEINGOLD——The Senator has with the House of Representatives enough of my colleagues that the fix is no plan beyond that? would be essentially meaningless. If we in, that there is talk about coming up Mr. EXON. No plan. pass this what I think is an ill-advised with a compromise. There is discussion Mr. DOMENICI. We would like very amendment, regardless of the fact that of cutting a deal so that we can go on much to try to reduce the time. We are it passed in the House of Representa- in the Senate spending substantially going to have Senator THURMOND re- tives, regardless of the fact that it is more than the House is spending and duce the time to one-half hour and the so-called crown jewel of the Con- yet we are going to act as if we are giv- maybe we can start doing half hours or tract With America, regardless of the ing a tax cut, possibly in some kind of less regularly. But that will be the fact that I see no reasonable person temporary tax-cut proposal. next one after this. could sit down and pencil out the fig- I do not believe that is what Ameri- I thank the Senator. ures and come up with any conclusion cans had in mind when for the first Mr. EXON. Mr. President, with re- that we could possibly balance the time in 40 years they gave us a major- gard to the vote on the Gramm amend- budget by the year 2002 then if we pro- ity in both Houses of Congress. ment, I ask unanimous consent that ceed not to vote down the amendment I think they believe that we were the vote in relation to the Gramm offered by the Senator from Texas, the going to change the way our Govern- amendment occur in the stacked se- House and the Senate in conference ment does our business. This amend- quence at a time to be announced by would be placed in a position to where ment gives us a very, very clear choice. the two leaders and that no second-de- I think it would be nearly impossible If you support the Contract With gree amendment be in order thereto. to work out anything that would be America, if you want to control spend- halfway reasonable. ing so we can balance the budget and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there I think under those circumstances it so that we can let working men and objection? Without objection, it is so would be a foregone conclusion that women keep more of what they earn to ordered. whatever system eventually passes invest in their own children, in their Mr. DOMENICI. I should have made through the authorization and through own businesses, in their own future, that request. I failed to, and I thank the appropriations process would be ve- then vote for this amendment and the Senator for making it for me in my toed by the President of the United guarantee that the Contract With behalf. States. America will be embodied in the final Mr. EXON. I yield 10 minutes to the This is the time for reason. This is budget we adopt. Senator from Montana. the time for reality. Let us vote down But if you want the Senate to be able The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the amendment offered by the Senator to spend $175 billion more than the ator from Montana is recognized. from Texas. House budget, if you think we can Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I rise to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- spend money better than the people discuss the Budget Resolution. ator’s time has expired. who earn it, then you want to vote no. PROTECTING THE AMERICAN DREAM The Senator from Texas. I think that coming back later with The Budget Committee has given us Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, if this some temporary tax cut, with some a sound accountant’s budget. It calls amendment is adopted, both the House cut-a-deal proposal, undermines what for the downsizing or elimination of and the Senate will have adopted the we committed to the American people many programs that have outlived

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 their usefulness. It uses much more re- ness, finance and the richest one or two per- Consequently, States and local school alistic assumptions than the House cent—far from making sacrifices—actually districts are bound to face the prospect budget. get new benefits and tax reductions. of raising local property taxes in order It would put us on the path toward a Over the past 25 years, the rich in to make up the difference. balanced budget. That is a goal I this country have gotten a lot richer. Beyond this, the proposed increased strongly support. And I hope we will Back in 1969, the wealthiest 1 percent costs for the student loan program write it into the Constitution by pass- of Americans controlled about 20 per- amount to nothing more than an in- ing the balanced budget amendment. cent of our national wealth. Yet today, creased tax on our students and par- But, as we work to live more within this figure has skyrocketed to nearly ents working to send their kids to col- our means, it is more important than 40 percent. And that leaves a smaller lege. For example, the costs of a $17,000 ever that we set the right priorities. piece of the pie—a smaller piece of the undergraduate student loan are esti- A budget is, after all, more than American dream—for the middle class. mated to increase by almost $5,000 over numbers and programs. It is people. It Wealth is no crime. We should en- the life of the loan. And it you are a is middle class Americans working courage risk taking and investment by teacher in a rural Montana school dis- harder than ever just to make ends business. But it is time for the most trict making—let us say—just $17,000 a meet. It is middle class parents who wealthy Americans to get out of the year, that translates into a large scrimp and save in order to realize the wagon and help the rest of us—seniors, chunk of your monthly paycheck just dream of sending their kids to college. working families, farmers, and stu- to pay off your student loan. It is our seniors—that generation of dents—pull it across the line to a bal- And, finally, this budget includes an Americans who worked so hard to build anced budget. expensive surprise for electric rate- our economy while, at the same time, MONTANANS ARE ALREADY PULLING THE WAGON payers in eastern and central Montana. winning World War II and the cold war. And most Montanans are already The proposed sale of the Western Area They have earned a right to live with doing all they can to pull this wagon. Power Administration [WAPA] will in- the independence and dignity that Montana is a great place to live. But crease their electric bills, probably by Medicare and Social Security help pro- it can be a tough place to make a liv- about a third. And, ironically, WAPA is vide. ing. The average Montana family not subsidized. It is a program that And it is our farmers—the families works hard, but takes in less than protects ratepayers while also making who have worked so hard and so suc- $25,000 each year. money for the Government. cessfully to feed America and the en- That is not a lot of money to put food FORGET POLITICS: USE A LITTLE COMMON SENSE tire world. on the table, to pay the mortgage, to Despite these flaws, I believe this For me, the ultimate test of any make the car payment, and to save for budget could be salvaged. Many of the budget is how it affects these ordinary the kids’ education. cuts it proposes make sense. All it middle class Americans. Are they being And, with each passing year, things would take is agreement—bipartisan treated fairly? And, if they work hard get even tougher. Prices rise; but agreement—to rethink our priorities and play by the rules, will they share wages stay flat. Last year, for in- and find a way to protect rural Amer- in the American dream of building a stance, working Montanans just barely ica and restore funding to education better life for themselves and for their kept pace with inflation. And, if you and Medicare. children? lived in a fast-growing community If we put partisanship aside, we could At the outset, let me provide one ex- with skyrocketing housing prices— get the job done. All it would take is a ample where I firmly believe this budg- places like Missoula, Bozeman, Ham- little common sense. et sets the wrong priorities. It proposes ilton, or Kalispell—you almost cer- First, let us bring our priorities down to cut just over $10 billion from the tainly lost ground. to Earth. Let us kill the space station farm program. This will make Amer- It is every bit as difficult for most of and protect the family farmer. The ican agriculture less competitive in our senior citizens. All too often, Mon- costs are about the same. But the bene- foreign markets and cause serious fi- tana seniors living on fixed incomes fits of providing a stable supply of food nancial hardship for our farmers. just cannot make it. When you go into and fiber for America and the world are At the same time, it recommends a fast-food restaurant or convenience far greater. funding an even greater amount for the store in Montana, you are just about as This budget also sets aside $170 bil- NASA space station—a scientific boon- likely to be waited on by a senior cit- lion to eventually provide tax relief— doggle that has a long history of cost izen as you are by a teenager. most of it probably going to the very overruns. It is time to get our prior- It is not that Montanans are afraid of wealthy. It is just common sense that ities back down to Earth by elimi- hard work. In and bad, we we should use these funds to protect nating the space station and restoring have always done what it takes to Medicare and education. If we did that, funding for the farm program. make ends meet and build a better life this budget would be a good start; While I believe there is room to make for our children. something I could work with. such commonsense changes to this But we cannot do that when the Gov- Unlike some in my political party, I budget, it contains a more fundamental ernment keeps reaching into our wal- do not believe we should spare just flaw. While the very wealthy get a free lets and gives nothing back in return. about every domestic program and ride—and maybe a big tax break— And, when you get to the bottom line, take a meat ax to the defense budget. working families and the elderly are that is what this budget means to most There must be real cuts in a broad called upon to sacrifice. Montanans. It is a tax; a tax on our range of Federal programs. The commentator Kevin Phillips—a seniors; a tax on our property owners; Here are seven areas where we can Republican—recently pointed this out. a tax on our parents; a tax on our stu- make a good start: Here is what Mr. Phillips had to say dents; a tax on our consumers; and a First on my list is foreign aid. I am about this budget process: tax on our working families: sick and tired of seeing the United [This] legislation . . . especially as put for- The cuts in Medicare are a back door States pay more than its fair share to ward by the House of Representatives—has tax on Montana seniors who will end support wasteful organizations like the major overtones of special-interest favor- up paying an additional $900 each year United Nations and the World Bank. It itism and income redistribution. Spending for health care. And, sadly, some sen- is high time we demand that other on government programs—from Medicare to iors living on fixed incomes will be countries pay their fair share of the home-heating oil assistance—is to be re- forced to rely on their children and U.N. budget. Moreover, I was pleased to duced in ways that principally burden . . . grandchildren to make up the dif- see that this budget calls for a signifi- the middle-class while, simultaneously, ference. cant cut in funding for the U.S. Agency taxes are to be cut in ways that predomi- The cuts in education are a back door nantly benefit the top one or two percent of for International Development. Americans.... We should be talking about tax on Montana students, parents and Second, I am tired of seeing the shared sacrifice. Instead, it’s senior citizens property owners. This budget would United States spend billions of dollars . . . and ordinary Americans who will see eliminate 33 percent of the Federal in- for the defense of countries like Korea programs they depend on gutted while busi- vestment in educating our children. and Japan. While those countries do all

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7181 they can to keep our products out of do better. We can be fair. We can set for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- their market. It is time that they the right priorities. And we owe the fects on programs for veterans; and share more in the burden of their own people we represent nothing less. ‘‘(6) $10,000,000,000 in budget authority and outlays of the additional deficit reduction national defense. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time achieved as calculated under subsection (c) Third, I also agree with the Budget of the Senator has expired. which shall be subject to allocation by the Committee’s call to abolish the Arms Mr. BAUCUS. I thank the Chair and Committee on the Budget, by majority vote. Control and Disarmament Agency. We I thank the Senator from Nebraska. The amounts provided by paragraphs (1) do not need to spend an additional $60 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who through (6) shall be proportionally adjusted million on this agency when we already yields time? based on any increase or decrease in the pro- have the Defense, State, and Energy AMENDMENT NO. 1124 jected allowance of $170,000,000,000. Departments to do the same thing. It is ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- (Purpose: To restore funding for seniors, edu- GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation time to get rid of it. cation, agriculture, working families, vet- And the same is true of a boondoggle pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon erans, and other Americans, using amounts the submission of a conference report on called TV Marti, a wasteful Federal set aside for a tax cut) such legislation (if a conference report is program that attempts to broadcast Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an submitted), the Chair of the Committee on reruns to Cuba. amendment to the desk on behalf of the Budget of the Senate may submit to the Fifth, I was encouraged to see that myself and Senators LAUTENBERG, HAR- Senate appropriately revised allocations the Budget Committee recommends KIN, KENNEDY, MURRAY, BREAUX, under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- gressional Budget Act of 1974, discretionary the abolition of the Department of DASCHLE, and DODD, and ask for its im- Commerce. This bureaucratic behe- spending limits under section 201(a) of this mediate consideration. resolution, budgetary aggregates, and levels moth—a mish-mash of agencies rang- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ing from the National Institute of under this resolution, revised by an amount objection, the Gramm amendment is that does not exceed the additional deficit Standards and Technology to the Na- temporarily set aside. reduction specified under subsection (d). tional Marine Fisheries Service—has The clerk will report the amendment. ‘‘(c) CBO REVISED DEFICIT ESTIMATE.— long lacked a clear mission. The legislative clerk read as follows: After the enactment of legislation that com- Let us move those Commerce pro- plies with the reconciliation directives of grams that are worth saving—like the The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], section 6, the Congressional Budget Office for himself, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. HARKIN, Economic Development Administra- shall provide the Chairman of the Com- Mr. KENNEDY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. tion that just helped create over 700 mittee on the Budget of the Senate a revised DASCHLE, and Mr. DODD, proposes an amend- estimate of the deficit for fiscal years 1996 high-wage jobs in Butte—to other de- ment numbered 1124. through 2005. partments. And let us scrap the bu- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- ‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL DEFICIT REDUCTION.—For reaucratic over head and the Com- imous consent that reading of the purposes of this section, the term ‘‘addi- merce programs that have outlived amendment be dispensed with. tional deficit reduction’’ means the amount by which the total deficit levels assumed in their usefulness. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Sixth, I also believe the Budget Com- this resolution for a fiscal year exceed the objection, it is so ordered. mittee missed another opportunity to revised deficit estimate provided pursuant to The amendment is as follows: clean house by abolishing a second subsection (c) for such fiscal year for fiscal years 1996 through 2005. Cabinet Department. There is no better On page 74, strike beginning with line 12 through line 12 on page 77 and insert the fol- ‘‘(e) CBO CERTIFICATION AND CONTIN- example of a failed Great Society pro- lowing: ‘‘budget, the appropriate budgetary GENCIES.—This section shall not apply un- gram than the Department of Housing allocations, aggregates, and levels shall be less— and Urban Development. revised to reflect— ‘‘(1) legislation has been enacted com- HUD’s history is one of scandal, ‘‘(1) $100,000,000,000 in budget authority and plying with the reconciliation directives of waste, and failed housing projects; outlays of the additional deficit reduction section 6; places where drug dealers and other achieved as calculated under subsection (c) ‘‘(2) the Director of the Congressional Budget Office has provided the estimate re- criminals intimidate and prey upon for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- fects on medicare and medicaid of— quired by subsection (c); and women and children. I believe we can ‘‘(3) the revisions made pursuant to this ‘‘(A) increased premiums; find ways, through block grants and subsection do not cause a budget deficit for ‘‘(B) increased deductibles; tax incentives, to promote good, afford- fiscal year 2002, 2003, 2004, or 2005. ‘‘(C) increased copayments; able housing without HUD’s expensive ‘‘(D) limits on the freedom to select the ‘‘SEC. 205. SCORING OF EMERGENCY LEGISLA- TION. and too often failed bureaucracy. doctor of one’s choice; ‘‘Notwithstanding section 606(d)(2) of the And seventh—last but certainly not ‘‘(E) reduced quality of health care serv- Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and begin- least—welfare is another place we must ices caused by funding reductions for health ning with fiscal year 1996, the determina- care providers; make savings. I intend to work on the tions under sections 302, 303, and 311 of such ‘‘(F) reduced or eliminated benefits caused Finance Committee to bring the costs Act shall take into account any new budget by restrictions on eligibility or services; of this program down. And, just as im- authority, new entitlement authority, out- ‘‘(G) closure of hospitals or nursing homes, portantly, we must restore the value of lays, receipts, or deficit effects as a con- or other harms to health care providers; or the American work ethic to our welfare sequence of the provisions of section ‘‘(H) other costs to beneficiaries; 251(b)(2)(D) and 252(e) of the Balanced Budget program. I hope Democrats and Repub- ‘‘(2) $18,000,000,000 in budget authority and and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.’’. lican can work together to make this outlays of the additional deficit reduction happen. achieved as calculated under subsection (c) Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this CONCLUSION for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- amendment is very concise; it is very In closing, we all need to make sac- fects on discretionary spending on education clear. We have cut down the time to 15 rifices. We need to bring the budget and $12,000,000,000 in budget authority and minutes on our side and 5 minutes for into balance and give our children outlays for legislation that reduces the ad- the opposition. some relief from debt. verse efforts on direct spending for edu- Essentially, this amendment would cation; take $160 billion from the $170 billion I go home just about every weekend. ‘‘(3) $10,000,000,000 in budget authority and And I hear it time and time again, outlays of the additional deficit reduction reserved in the Republican budget for Montanans are willing to do their part achieved as calculated under subsection (c) tax cuts for the rich and redistribute to bring down the deficit. In order to for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- $100 million to Medicare and Medicaid; get this done, they are willing to make fects on direct spending within the jurisdic- $30 billion to education; $17 billion to great sacrifices. tion of the Committee on Agriculture; the earned income tax credit; $3 billion They ask only one thing in return: ‘‘(4) $17,000,000,000 in budget authority and to Veterans Affairs; and $10 billion to fairness. They want to know that no outlays of the additional deficit reduction agriculture. one region or class of people is getting achieved as calculated under subsection (c) The largest part of this amendment for legislation that restores the full current has been offered in part or in total in a free ride; that we are all pulling the law earned income tax credit under section wagon together toward a balanced 32 of of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; previous amendments to alleviate the budget. ‘‘(5) $3,000,000,000 in budget authority and hit that we think is unfair on many of I wish that were the case with this outlays of the additional deficit reduction the programs as they were produced budget resolution. But it is not. We can achieved as calculated under subsection (c) out of the Budget Committee.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 We have discussed at length the dis- For school districts with large areas Mr. President, I reserve the remain- tribution of taxes contained in the of Federal property within their bound- der of my time. House Republican passed tax bill. It aries, raising sufficient revenue to pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who provides a $20,000 tax cut for taxpayers vide for the education of these children yields time? earning over $350,000. Fully 51 percent is a daunting challenge. Federal land is Mr. DOMENICI. Is the Senator fin- of the Republican tax cuts go to Ameri- exempt from local property taxes—the ished with his time? cans with incomes over $100,000. mainstay of local education finance— Mr. EXON. No, I have time. We have to get our priorities back on causing a greater tax burden on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- track and that is what my amendment residents and owners of non-Federal ator from Nebraska has 5-1⁄2 minutes does. land. remaining, and the Senator from New Let me walk my colleagues through In my own State of Nebraska, Belle- Mexico has 5 minutes. the reasons for the redistribution of vue School District relies upon impact Mr. DOMENICI. Actually, I only the $170 billion contingent fund. aid funding for almost 25 percent of its want to use 2 minutes. If the Senator First is Medicare and Medicaid. My annual operating budget. Cuts in im- will let me do that in wrap-up, I will amendment restores $100 billion of the pact aid would be devastating to the let him finish and I will use only 2 min- overall cut in Medicare and Medicaid is quality of education for children of utes. intended to reduce the adverse effects military personnel in Bellevue. My Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I believe of increased premiums, deductibles and amendment softens the blow. the arguments can be made pro and con co-payments on beneficiaries. Fourth is the EITC which would re- and have been made pro and con on Most, if not all, of these add-backs ceive $17 billion. The EITC helps keep this amendment. Very simply in the would affect part B of the program and working families off of welfare. It also time remaining—I will consider yield- would not—I repeat—would not worsen assists middle-class families who have ing back after making these closing the solvency of the HI trust fund. sudden losses of income. statements. My amendment states that any add- The Republican budget cut for the Once again, we are not attempting to backs will be structured in such a way EITC is particularly cruel since real change the date that we would balance to ensure that the fund remains sol- wage growth has been slow, and many the budget as prescribed in the Repub- vent for the same time period attained people are having to take lower-wage lican budget, we are not adding to the through cuts made in this year’s rec- jobs as a result of downsizing and re- deficit, we are not adding to the na- onciliation bill. structuring. tional debt. We have been staying, as I am restoring these reductions in Fifth, is veterans. My amendment we have through all of these amend- adds $3 billion back to veterans pro- order to protect the 1 in 4 Medicare ments—all of these amendments—with- grams. beneficiaries who rely on Social Secu- in the parameters laid down, the over- This Republican budget is a sad trib- rity for their only source of income. all figures of the Budget Committee. ute to America’s men and women who Second is Medicaid. Two-thirds of all What we are simply saying is that have worn their country’s uniform. Medicaid dollars are spent on seniors Let us be clear, by funding the VA’s rather than provide a kitty, if you will, and disabled people. This is the only medical system at the 1995 level for the in the Senate budget, which is clearly program which pays for long-term care. next 7 years, the Republicans are dra- earmarked for tax cuts and is so estab- Many middle-income people who de- matically cutting access to health care lished by the chairman of the com- velop disabling conditions—like Alz- services for veterans’ across the coun- mittee in this resolution, an earmark heimer’s or Parkinson’s—end up spend- try. of $170 billion dollars which could ing all of their incomes for care. They The Republican budget also increases come, according to CBO, if we balance often have nowhere else to turn but veterans’ contributions for GI bill edu- the budget by the year 2002, to simply Medicaid. cation benefits. It increases the co-pay- take a portion of that $170 billion and, Under the Republican budget, nearly ment for prescription drugs for higher- instead of cutting taxes, cut the hit on 1 million seniors and disabled people income vets. these programs that I have outlined. could lose their coverage. This amend- Finally is agriculture. Mandatory ag- This amendment merely alleviates the ment would add back funding to reduce riculture spending is already projected substantial and unfair cuts in each and the hit on that population. to decline by 17 percent over the budg- every one of them. The funding in my amendment could et resolution timeframe. The Repub- I reserve the remainder of my time also be used to reduce the cuts to chil- lican budget would cut an additional 20 and may be in a position to yield back dren. percent from these programs primarily after the Senator has made his state- Third, is education which would re- CCC commodity programs. ment. ceive $30 billion through this amend- This amendment would ensure that Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how ment. Over 500,000 graduate and profes- farm programs make a fair contribu- much time do I have? sional students currently receive sub- tion to deficit reduction without dev- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sidized loans. Nearly 50 percent of full- astating the entire farm economy and ator from Mexico has 4-1⁄2 minutes. time, full-year students rely on the severely hampering the ability of the Mr. DOMENICI. Let me speak very subsidized loans to pay for their edu- Agriculture Committee to draft a briefly, after which when time has been cation. workable farm program and a workable used up on the amendment, Senators Eliminating the in-school interest farm bill in the future. should know that I plan to raise a subsidy means graduate and profes- Finally, it would reduce the rec- point of order. sional students could have their total onciled cut to the committee by $10 Mr. President, what we have now is, debt increase by $3,000 to $6,600 depend- billion and thus lessen the overall pro- as I view this, we have the budget reso- ing on how long they are in school. The jected cuts from farm commodity pro- lution produced by the gallant 12 budg- subsidy is critical for these students, grams from $12 billion to $2 billion. eteers from the Republican side. We most of whom are independent and Finally, I would note that if the CBO have a budget resolution that gets to going back to school to pursue higher scores this surplus differently, the balance. In that, we decide that many learning that is critical to the future of numbers provided would be adjusted programs have to be reformed, our Nation. accordingly. changed, some eliminated, but we say My amendment also helps restore The amendment does not allocate $10 we are going to stop spending in the some of the Republican budget cuts to billion of the projected $170 billion tax red. We are not going to charge our the impact aid program. cut now in the Republican budget. children with our bills any longer. In Impact aid is a critical program that I intend to leave that amount open to 2002, we stop that. provides funds to school districts that be used to restore cuts in other pro- Now it just so happens, Mr. Presi- educate children of military personnel, grams that may have been unfairly hit. dent, I say to fellow Senators, that in children who live on Indian lands, and Or, it could be used as a cushion to fur- 2002, according to the Congressional children who live in federally sub- ther reduce the deficit and help us Budget Office, according to their sidized housing. reach a balanced budget. economists and other economists, that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7183 essentially when you put down a bal- under the Budget Act. When my time Mr. EXON. Off of my time. The Sen- anced budget and you make it enforce- comes, I will so move. ator has made an interesting propo- able and you pass a whole batch of laws The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time sition. I would say to him that with all that change current entitlements so of the Senator has expired. of the reservations that I have, if he less is spent and they certify that for Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. will accept this amendment, he will at you and say you have a balanced budg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- least get one vote on this side and, I et, there is a dividend—the dividend ator from Nebraska. think, considerably more. That may be could be in the neighborhood of $170 Mr. EXON. How much time do I have a partial answer to his question, and I billion—an economic dividend for doing remaining? am acting in very good faith. what is right. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- 1 Mr. DOMENICI. I agree. We may get What is right? What is right is to get ator has 3 ⁄2 minutes. in balance by the year 2002. So by doing Mr. EXON. I will be very brief. I sim- one. what is right, the Republicans on the ply want to say that I have listened Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, the Budget Committee, and Republicans once again to my good friend and col- Exon-Daschle amendment would reor- and hopefully some Democrats, when league from the State of New Mexico, der and re-balance the spending prior- they vote for this budget resolution, my chairman. We do not happen to ities in this proposed budget. agree on this matter, but we happen to have earned something for the Amer- Specifically, the amendment would agree on many, many things. Time and ican people. What have they earned? shift funding from a proposed tax cut time again, I have heard that those of They have earned reduced long-term for the wealthiest Americans to several us who realize that these programs are interest rates for starters —very sig- key programs upon which our national nificant for homeowners, auto buyers, taking a considerable hit are being ac- cused of being spenders if we do not try interests depend. The Exon amendment for everyone, including business people would restore $100 billion to Medicare, and mothers and fathers sitting around to alleviate some of the unfairness that I see in the Republican budget. $30 billion to education, $17 billion to talking about student loans. If they are the earned income tax credit, $3 billion affluent enough to pay their own stu- When this debate first started, I com- plimented my talented friend from New to veterans’ programs, and $10 billion dent loans, there is less interest on to agricultural programs. The amend- those loans. That is what we get from Mexico for the courageous job he has done. Time and time again, I have said ment would also exclude the proposed that side. sale of the country’s Power Marketing Indeed, there is a bonus of $170 billion that we in the amendments that we of- fered in the committee, and the amend- Administrations, including the West- that is kind of a surplus sitting there. ern Area Power Administration, from We are now in the black and we have ments we have offered on the floor, the budget. All of these are important this surplus. What the Republicans say have not done anything to reach the priorities for our Nation and, espe- at this point in time is that we should goal that the Senator from New Mexico cially, for rural America. transfer that $170 billion from a reserve is espousing. We are simply asking, do fund to the tax writing committee and we honestly feel that we should make This amendment, like the amend- say to them, give the American people some changes in the approaches on cer- ments we offered yesterday, are com- a modest dividend by cutting some tain programs? I do not believe it is pletely paid for. It does not add one taxes. Now, not rich people, not $300,000 fair to say, nor do I think the Amer- penny to the deficit. earners. We have said in this budget ican people are particularly concerned Yesterday I spoke of the importance resolution that it will go—90 percent— because their main worry is balancing of the restoration of Medicare funding, to middle-income Americans. That is the budget and keeping it balanced and and, earlier today, I referred to the im- the Senate’s position if they adopt to quit borrowing more money, which portance of the earned income tax ours. is crippling America with the interest credit. So, today, I will focus on the Let me say that, in a nutshell, Sen- we are paying on that borrowing. Suf- other elements of this amendment. ator EXON would then say instead of fice to say that we really believe that doing that with that $170 billion, let us we can work with the Republicans, First, the amendment would restore $30 billion in education funds. The un- spend it. So we have a balanced budget with Senator DOMENICI, if they would and my good friend from Nebraska just listen to some of our pleas. derlying budget resolution proposes to says, now, spend $100 billion of it on I really think that the people of balance the budget at the expense of Medicare, spend $30 billion on edu- America would be most satisfied if we educating our youth. That is unaccept- cation, spend $10 billion on agriculture, realistically face the challenge that we able. It is myopic, and it is a false spend it on et cetera, et cetera. We have to balance the budget and reduce economy. The next generation cannot hardly get to balance and we hardly the deficit. That is primarily the only afford to be shortchanged in this man- get the dividend for Americans that thing that most of them are looking ner. Educational investments are one they are entitled to, because most of for. With that, I yield the remainder of of the best investments this country them say, ‘‘Give us a balanced budget.’’ my time and urge support of the can make, especially as our youth pre- They are entitled to a bonus when we amendment. pare for the 21st century. do what they have been telling us to Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I This amendment, which provides $30 do. So we say leave it there for a pos- yield myself 30 seconds off the bill. billion to restore funding for critical sible tax cut for Americans. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- education programs, will help young Senator EXON would say for all of ator from New Mexico is recognized. Americans and their families by restor- these good things, let us spend it, and Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, it ing funding in student loans and edu- all of a sudden we start spending again would be interesting to search the cation programs. souls and hearts and minds of those on after we got in balance, and we add $170 The $30 billion restores funding for that side of the aisle to see, if this billion in spending. the student loan in-school interest sub- The purposes are good. Senators pick amendment were adopted, if they sidy and other critical programs such some very, very interesting programs would vote for this budget resolution. as Title 1, Pell grants, Impact Aid, spe- that Americans are interested in but It is most interesting. Take the divi- cial education, and Safe and Drug-free everybody is worried about. He says, dend created through all of this hard Schools. use the dividend for them. We have ex- work, tell us now here is how we would plained them in detail. We believe we like it spent, then prevail on that and Impact Aid is especially important to are going to make the Medicare trust watch the budget go down in flames, South Dakota. Last year the program fund solvent. We believe education is because clearly we would not get very received a $70 million reduction in fis- not going to get harmed under our as- much support from that side of the cal year 1995 funding. Further reduc- sumptions. We believe we have been aisle. We might get Senator EXON, but tions are intolerable. These funds— fair to agriculture, and on down the I will not even ask him. which represent the money the Federal line. Mr. EXON. If the Senator will yield— Government is obligated to pay to re- So I do not believe we ought to adopt The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- imburse local school districts for Fed- the amendment. It is out of order ator has yielded himself 30 seconds. eral displacement of the local tax

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 base—are absolutely critical to over 50 take a moment to speak on that issue Administration, which markets power schools in my State, and hundreds of today. This amendment would restore from the main stem dams along the schools throughout the country, that $10 billion of the agricultural funding Missouri River, has ensured a con- depend on Impact Aid to meet our chil- cut in the budget proposal. sistent and affordable supply of elec- dren’s basic educational needs. The amendment directs the funding tricity. The program is being run on a The Impact Aid program provides where it is most needed—to farmers sound financial basis, as it recovers all critical dollars to over 50 schools in who struggle each year to stay on the expenses relating to its annual oper- South Dakota. These payments are not farm, to keep producing America’s food ation and the initial construction ex- a Government subsidy. Quite simply, and fiber supply, and to families who penses, with interest. By providing their purpose is to compensate school strike a rough patch when there is job low-cost power, the PMA’s have sub- districts for the loss of taxable revenue loss or other bad luck, people trying to stantially assisted in the economic de- from what once was local taxable land. put food on the table and keep their velopment of many States. The message in the continued trend of families together. Any one-time savings from the sale decreased funding is that Congress has The Republican budget, on the other of WAPA would be offset by long term decided we do not need to uphold our hand, raids rural America to aid the revenue losses. The administration and obligation to the school districts that comfortable. The Republican budget the Republicans expect a one-time rely so greatly on these funds. proposal would cut $45.9 billion out of budget savings from the sale, that over In the McLaughlin school district in the Agriculture Department over the the long-run, will not save the Federal South Dakota the Impact Aid funds next 7 years. That is likely to translate Government any money at all. Since represent approximately 37 percent of to around $12 billion in direct cuts to the operational and capital costs of the the school’s budget; in the Lake Andes farm programs. It is a 20-percent cut in program are more than paid back cur- school district, 20 to 25 percent of their farm spending. It will contribute to the rently, the sale simply allows the Fed- budget comes from Impact Aid monies; further deterioration of the economic eral Government to collect the debt 30 percent of the Dupree school’s gen- and social fabric of rural America. No faster. But since the debt is being paid eral fund revenue budget is generated other sector of American life is being back with interest now, there is no by Impact Aid funds; in Smee, South asked to absorb such a hit. We can not long-term financial benefit to the Gov- Dakota, if Impact Aids funds continue have a prosperous urban America ernment. Long-term revenue losses to dwindle, they will be unable to oper- riding on the back of an impoverished from the sale offset the near-term rev- ate; in Pollock, South Dakota, they farm America. Yet that is what Repub- enue gains. would have to close their doors if this lican budget cuts will provide. Some claim that the power mar- funding is eliminated. Farmers in South Dakota would see a keting administrations can be sold The list goes on and on, Mr. Presi- devastating decline in their income of without causing substantial rate in- dent. This means that teacher pay, over $57 million. Other rural States creases. In reality, today’s rates are set books, facilities, desks, buses—every- will suffer similar pain. This budget is at the lowest possible level, while still thing it takes to run a school—is de- short-sighted for rural America and ensuring that the debt is paid off. If the pendent on whether this Congress lives self-interested for the best-off. It is not power marketing administrations are up to the commitment that was made a balanced, fair proposal. It is not a sold, then it is likely that rates will in- to these schools when the lands in budget that sustains the American tra- crease substantially. Those who buy their districts were taken. dition of building a strong farm sector, the PMA’s will attempt to maximize I simply ask this question of my col- a tradition that has enjoyed bipartisan the return on their investment. And leagues. Is it fair to eliminate a pro- support until this Republican majority. electric rates for existing Federal gram that was designed to help allevi- Finally, this amendment would pre- power customers will rise as a result. ate a very clear Federal burden that vent the budget resolution from count- Some predict rate increases as much as was imposed on certain local commu- ing the sale of the power marketing ad- 300 percent for some communities. nities and school districts because the ministrations and other assets toward This sale will not only affect the Federal Government decided to acquire deficit reduction. This would remove economy of South Dakota or a few land in their particular district? The the incentive to sell the Power Mar- western States. Power marketing ad- answer is no. This is a Federal respon- keting Administrations [PMAs] in ministrations sell power in 34 States sibility, not a Federal subsidy. order to balance the budget, and would across the country. I would ask all of The Exon-Daschle amendment would help ensure that decision is made on my colleagues from these States to also restore $3 billion in funding for the basis of what would be the best pol- consider the impact of the sale of veterans’ programs, including veterans’ icy for the United States. Since the PMA’s before they cast their vote. health care. In light of the budget’s sale of PMA’s makes no economic In conclusion, Mr. President, we need proposed Medicare cuts, the cuts in VA sense, this amendment would substan- to reduce the deficit. No one argues funding are especially egregious, for re- tially hinder their sale. that point. This amendment restores duced Medicare funding will undoubt- I have been concerned because the essential funding—upholding our obli- edly lead to increased pressure on, and Clinton administration has announced gation to rural America, children, and a shift in costs to, the VA health care plans to sell three of the five PMA’s, the elderly—and is completely offset system. As my colleagues know, the including the Western Area Power Ad- with the reserve fund set aside by the VA health care system is an already ministration [WAPA], which markets GOP to pay for tax breaks for the overburdened and underfunded one, so I power from the main stem dams on the wealthy. Again, the amendment does fail to understand how the majority Missouri River to South Dakota utili- not contribute one penny to the deficit. justifies this proposal. ties and cooperatives. The administra- I urge the adoption of the amend- The $3 billion in this amendment tion has stated it intends to sell WAPA ment. would ease some of that pressure and in 1998. Mr. DOMENICI. The pending amend- help us ensure that our fundamental Despite the fact that the administra- ment is not germane to the provisions commitment to the men and women tion stated in the budget that ‘‘the pro- of the budget resolution pursuant to who have served this Nation is ful- posal will provide customer protection section 305(b)(2) of the Budget Act. I filled. To do otherwise sends exactly from significant rate increases,’’ I am raise a point of order against the pend- the wrong message to veterans and the deeply concerned that if this plan is ap- ing amendment. men and women who currently serve in proved by Congress and goes forward, Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant the Armed Forces. then significant rate increases will be to section 904 of the Congressional While Senator EXON and I will talk inevitable, affecting consumers and the Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive more about the budget resolution’s overall economies of rural states such section 305 of the act for the purpose of treatment of agriculture tomorrow, as South Dakota. the pending Exon amendment. when we will offer an amendment to re- The PMA’s are an example of a Gov- I ask for the yeas and nays. store some of the agricultural funding ernment program that works well. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a cut in the Republican budget, I want to South Dakota, the Western Area Power sufficient second?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7185 There is a sufficient second. On page 12, line 18, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, decrease the amount by The yeas and nays were ordered. $11,600,000,000. $10,600,000,000. Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous On page 12, line 24, increase the amount by On page 68, after line 12, add the following new paragraph: consent that this amendment also be $11,300,000,000. On page 12, line 25, increase the amount by (3) It is the sense of the Senate that the stacked pursuant to the previous order, $10,000,000,000. Senate should waive all points of order that subject to leadership control on when On page 54, line 20, decrease the amount by would preclude increasing non-defense spend- we vote. $9,600,000,000. ing in any one fiscal year by up to $2 billion The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 54, line 21, decrease the amount by and, at the same time, decreasing defense objection, it is so ordered. $4,000,000,000. spending in any one fiscal year by up to $2 Mr. EXON. Can I inquire of my friend On page 55, line 2, decrease the amount by billion, from the levels of discretionary $15,900,000,000. spending in this section. It is further the at this time? sense of the Senate that defense spending Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. On page 55, line 3, decrease the amount by $8,300,000,000. may not be reduced by more than a total of Mr. EXON. We have stacked a series On page 55, line 9, decrease the amount by $10 billion and non-defense spending may not of votes now. I do not believe we have $17,700,000,000. be increased by more than a total of $10 bil- indicated when we might start our vot- On page 55, line 10, decrease the amount by lion over the seven years of the resolution, ing so that everybody would be prop- $10,800,000,000. from the levels of discretionary spending in erly advised. Are we going to start vot- On page 55, line 16, decrease the amount by this section. ing in an hour, 2 hours, 3 hours? Could $15,100,000,000. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I the Senator give us some information On page 55, line 17, decrease the amount by have been asked ‘‘What do Americans $11,700,000,000. expect of their Armed Force?’’ I believe on that? On page 55, line 23, decrease the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. That is a very good $11,300,000,000. Americans expect a capable and ready question. I thank the Senator. We are, On page 55, line 24, decrease the amount by force, ready to meet our Nation’s secu- hopefully, going to get through with $11,500,000,000. rity needs, able to safeguard our na- the Thurmond-McCain amendment, On page 56, line 5, decrease the amount by tional interest and maintain our posi- which is next, and then we will start $11,400,000,000. tion as a world leader. The budget reso- voting about 4 p.m. That is the best I On page 56, line 6, decrease the amount by lution from the Senator from New Mex- can give you at this point. $11,600,000,000. ico was a good effort. It required many On page 56, line 12, decrease the amount by Mr. EXON. I thank my friend from $11,300,000,000. hard decisions. The problem remains New Mexico. On page 56, line 13, decrease the amount by that the planned defense budget, as of- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who $10,000,000,000. fered in the budget resolution, does not yields time? On page 65, line 14, increase the amount by meet the needs of our Armed Forces or Mr. DOMENICI. I understand Senator $9,600,000,000. give us the ability to meet our global THURMOND is next. I yield to him to On page 65, line 15, increase the amount by commitments. offer his amendment. $4,000,000,000. We live in a dangerous world. It is On page 65, line 17, decrease the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1125 our responsibility not to repeat history $9,600,000,000. (Purpose: To restore adequate defense budget On page 65, line 18, decrease the amount by and drastically reduce defense. This levels and to provide for offsetting reduc- $4,000,000,000. path will leave our forces in a dan- tions from nondefense discretionary spend- On page 65, line 21, increase the amount by gerously unprepared state, and we will ing and nondefense spending in the defense $15,900,000,000. pay the price in the future. The inter- budget) On page 65, line 22, increase the amount by national environment requires the Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I $8,300,000,000. United States to maintain a strong de- send an amendment to the desk and On page 65, line 24, decrease the amount by fense to deter aggression and maintain ask for its immediate consideration. $15,900,000,000. our vital interests. The Armed Services On page 65, line 25, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Committee has already received indica- clerk will report. $8,300,000,000. On page 66, line 3, increase the amount by tions that the Defense Department is The assistant legislative clerk read $17,700,000,000. planning further end strength reduc- as follows: On page 66, line 4, increase the amount by tions to pay for needed modernization. The Senator from South Carolina [Mr. $10,800,000,000. The Bottom-Up Review described a THURMOND], for himself, Mr. MCCAIN, Mrs. On page 66, line 6, decrease the amount by minimum force, said to be necessary to HUTCHISON, Mr. WARNER, Mr. COATS, Mr. $17,700,000,000. support our military strategy. This re- INHOFE, Mr. KEMPTHORNE, Mr. LOTT, Mr. On page 66, line 7, decrease the amount by view was not based on strategy. Force SMITH, Mr. COHEN and Mr. SANTORUM, pro- $10,800,000,000. poses an amendment numbered 1125. On page 66, line 10, increase the amount by structure levels were too low, and the required modernization was mortgaged. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I $15,100,000,000. Over the last year, the Armed Serv- ask unanimous consent that reading of On page 66, line 11, increase the amount by $11,700,000,000. ices Committee has continued to hear the amendment be dispensed with. On page 66, line 13, decrease the amount by testimony concerning present and fu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $15,100,000,000. ture readiness problems. Lack of funds objection, it is so ordered. On page 66, line 14, decrease the amount by is placing combat readiness in danger. The amendment is as follows: $11,700,000,000. The ability of our commanders in the On page 66, line 17, increase the amount by On page 11, line 7, increase the amount by field to maintain their forces is being $9,600,000,000. $11,300,000,000. On page 11, line 8, increase the amount by On page 66, line 18, increase the amount by jeopardized by an underfunded pro- $4,000,000,000. $11,500,000,000. gram. GAO and other sources have esti- On page 11, line 14, increase the amount by On page 66, line 20, decrease the amount by mated shortfalls in defense to range $15,900,000,000. $11,300,000,000. from $20 billion to $150 billion over the On page 11, line 15, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, decrease the amount by next 6 years. Defense spending has been $8,300,000,000. $11,500,000,000. reduced every year since 1985, and as a On page 66, line 24, increase the amount by On page 11, line 21, increase the amount by percentage of gross domestic product is $17,700,000,000. $11,400,000,000. On page 11, line 22, increase the amount by On page 66, line 25, increase the amount by at pre-World War II levels. Moderniza- $10,800,000,000. $11,600,000,000. tion and procurement accounts remain On page 12, line 3, increase the amount by On page 67, line , decrease the amount by at 50-year lows as modernization $15,100,000,000. $11,400,000,000. projects are continually pushed farther On page 12, line 4, increase the amount by On page 67, line , decrease the amount by into the future or canceled all to- $11,700,000,000. $11,600,000,000. gether. This is a trend that cannot con- On page 12, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 6, increase the amount by tinue. The defense budget, in the budg- $11,300,000,000. $11,300,000,000. On page 12, line 11, increase the amount by On page 67, line 7, increase the amount by et resolution, simply does not provide $11,500,000,000. $10,000,000,000. the minimum resources necessary to On page 12, line 17, increase the amount by On page 67, line 9, decrease the amount by sustain our force or meet the Depart- $11,400,000,000. $11,300,000,000. ment’s pressing needs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 At the same time, requirements for mind my colleagues for 2 years, Repub- changes in stable arms control agree- our service men and women have not licans have charged that the adminis- ments causes serious concerns. decreased. Instead, contingency oper- tration has failed to maintain a defense Ethnic conflicts continue to rage ations and other deployments have in- adequate to confront the myriad chal- from Sri Lanka to Rwanda. creased requirements for American lenges we face in this period of insta- And in Bosnia, United States mili- forces, placing greater stress on our bility. Now it is our responsibility to tary personnel may soon be sent in service members, family members, and correct that failing. harm’s way to assist in extracting their equipment. These deployments I am disappointed that the budget international forces from the failed have a price and are taking a toll on resolution submitted to this body by U.N. peacekeeping effort in that State. our force readiness. We must support Republicans is the Clinton numbers, These and many other examples of our forces and not cripple our Nation’s the same numbers that we attacked so instability in the world today make it defense. vociferously for 2 years. imperative that we support an ade- Our responsibility is to ensure that Mr. President, no decade in this cen- quate national defense posture in this the bill for these funding shortfalls is tury began more auspiciously than the Nation. not paid for by the sacrifice of men and 1990’s. That gross impediment to Mr. President, the defense budget has women in our Armed Forces. These human liberty, the Berlin Wall, was declined 35 percent in real terms be- young Americans have been asked to breached by the stronger forces of tween 1985 and 1994. President Clinton live without proper housing and bar- human yearning. The central security promised in his State of the Union Ad- racks, to make do with constrained problem of our time, the possible clash dress in January of 1994, ‘‘*** we training, and do without new systems of East and West on the plains of Ger- must not cut defense further.’’ Yet, his and technology, because we cannot af- many, was resolved by the dissolution fiscal year 1996 defense budget submis- ford it. Quality-of-life programs have of the Warsaw Pact, the reunification sion cuts defense for 4 more years, to- been ignored to support increasing op- of Germany, and the collapse of the So- taling another 10 percent decline by erating tempos. Benefits are contin- viet Union. 1999. ually under review for further reduc- The euphoria that accompanied these Mr. President, what we are faced tions. We should expect increasing re- events anticipated the imminent ar- with is a Hobson’s choice. We are cruiting and retention problems, if we rival of a new world order of inde- spending money to maintain a ready do not support these young Americans pendent democracies engaged only in force. That money is well spent, and we who are serving our Nation. peaceful commercial competition with still have the finest and highest qual- I am strongly in favor of cutting Fed- one another. ity men and women this Nation can re- eral spending and reducing the deficit, The resurrection of ancient conflicts cruit and maintain in our Armed but we must meet our national secu- and hideous barbarism in the Balkans; Forces. However, in exchange for that, rity needs. The first responsibility of the reappearance of other incidents of we are sacrificing totally, the mod- government is to provide for its de- irrational nationalism that had been ernization of our force. fense. This amendment reverses a dan- sublimated by the cold war; the haunt- In 1985, we procured 325 tactical air- gerous trend and provides for that com- ing familiarity of Zhirinovsky’s odious craft; in 1996, we will procure 289. In mitment. It does not increase the def- appeal to perverse patriotism; the ac- 1985, we procured 80,000 missiles; in 1995 icit in Senator DOMENICI’s budget reso- celerating proliferation of weapons of we procured 3,000. In tanks, in 1985, we lution. The amendment improves the mass destruction; and the waging of procured 2,680 tanks and other vehicles; balance between current and future over 50 conflicts around the world have in 1995, 34 tanks and vehicles. Ships, in readiness. We provide for an adequate dimmed our hopes for a more just and 1985, we procured 34; in 1996, we will quality of life for service members and tranquil world, and reminded Members procure 3. their families. We can take care of that we have interests and values that Mr. President, we cannot—we can- shortfalls in important new systems are still at risk in this promising but not—maintain the capability that won such as national and theater missile uncertain world. the Persian Gulf with the kind of lack defense systems. We must not allow The world is still a very dangerous of modernization that is part and par- our Nation’s defense needs to be de- place. American vigilance and struggle cel of this proposal. cided by purely fiscal considerations. If are required now more than ever. There The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- we do, then sooner than we may real- are numerous potential threats to our ator from Arizona had 5 minutes, and ize, a bill is going to come due. Hope- national security in the world today: has 4 minutes remaining. fully, that bill will not be paid with the In North Korea, one of the world’s re- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I, not lives of our service men and women, maining Communist dictatorships unlike other Members of this body, am and great harm to the Nation. seeks to acquire nuclear weapons, and a student of history. I am certainly a Mr. President, how much time is re- this administration has failed to exer- confirmed believer in the old adage maining? cise the decisive leadership necessary that those who ignore the lessons of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to halt, once and for all, the threat of history are doomed to repeat them. ator from South Carolina has con- nuclear warfare on the Korean Penin- In 1917 the United States of America sumed 5 of the 7 minutes. sula. was not prepared to go to war. In 1941, Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I re- In Asia, China has laid claim to the on December 7, America was not pre- serve the remaining 2 minutes. entire South China Sea and enhanced pared to go to war. In June of 1950, I yield to the Senator from Arizona, its claim with a massive buildup of its when North Korea attacked across the Mr. MCCAIN. armed forces, including the acquisition 38th parallel, the United States was Mr. MCCAIN. I thank my distin- of new submarines, marine forces, and not prepared to go to war. In the 1970’s, guished leader and chairman of the aircraft carriers. when we had a hollow Army, the Armed Services Committee, Senator In the Middle East, Iran poses a seri- United States was not prepared. THURMOND, and I also want to thank ous threat to the security of the region We must understand that what we my colleague from Texas, Senator with their own efforts to acquire nu- are doing here is mortgaging the blood HUTCHISON, for their leadership, espe- clear weapons, their longstanding sup- and treasure of America by adopting a cially Senator THURMOND’s leadership, port of terrorist movements, and their proposal which cannot meet our na- on this very important amendment. aggressive military buildup in the tional security requirements and Mr. President, I am sorry we are Straits of Hormuz. needs. It is an enormous responsibility short of time. This amendment de- Iraq remains a potential trouble spot of this body, to assume a responsibility serves a great deal more consideration as maintains a stran- in contravention to the knowledge, if Members believe, as I do, that the glehold on political and economic wisdom and advice of our military first priority of any government is to power in that state. leaders and all objective observers, and preserve the security of its citizens. Russia’s involvement in its ‘‘near that is that we cannot modernize our Senator THURMOND has described the abroad,’’ the ongoing horrible conflict forces so victory, if conflict comes, can amendment. I would just like to re- in Chechnya, and its advocacy of only be purchased through enormous

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7187 expenditure of treasure, and far more new world of disorder is that we may fund training if we are to prevent a important than that, American blood. not be able to anticipate where and ‘hollow force.’’’ Mr. President, I reserve the remain- whom we will have to fight. We will Mr. President, I believe it is clear der of my time. I will use it at the end have to be prepared for the unexpected, that our military services are under- of the debate. for major regional crises that arise funded in the administration’s pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- suddenly—in other words, for contin- posed budget and future years defense ator from New Mexico. gencies. The case in point is the gulf plan. For the past 21⁄2 years, members Mr. DOMENICI. How much time does war. Prior to August 1990, no one ever of the Armed Services Committee have Senator THURMOND or MCCAIN have re- expected we would end up in a major been expressing that view. Every Re- maining? land war against Iraq. publican on the Armed Services Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Fortunately, we had a superior mili- mittee signed a letter to the chairman ator has 27 minutes and 45 seconds re- tary capability that was more than a of the Budget Committee recom- maining. match for Iraq. But, in the past, this mending that fiscal year 1996 funding Mr. DOMENICI. I am in control, has not always been the case. The out- for defense be frozen at last years level, technically, of the time in opposition. break of World Wars I and II and Korea adjusted for inflation. This would re- But, frankly, I want to give that oppo- found us woefully unprepared, and the sult in a $12.5 billion increase over the sition time to the distinguished Sen- result was many thousands of Ameri- President’s request for fiscal year 1996. ator from Nebraska for his side. They cans lost in the opening days of those Unfortunately, the Budget Commit- are going to have the time in opposi- conflicts. Consequently, in an era of tee’s proposal accepts the administra- tion, not the Senator from New Mex- tion’s recommended budgets now and ico. uncertainty, combined with multiple But I will reserve, now, before I give potential dangers, the No. 1 threat in the outyears for defense. If we ac- that over—I will keep 10 minutes for could be our own unpreparedness. cept the administration’s budgets, then Mr. President, the administration’s the responsibility for shortfalls in de- myself and Senator LOTT. He, I under- stand, will not be able to fit in, in the ways of dealing with these uncertain- fense funding and the resulting defi- time allotted. I will arrange to give ties was to conduct a Bottom-Up Re- ciencies in our Armed Forces will lie him that time, not in opposition but in view which resulted in a force struc- with those of us in the Congress. favor. Is that correct? ture that is supposed to be able to fight Mr. President, in his State of the Mr. LOTT. That is correct. and win two nearly-simultaneous Union Address in 1994, the President Mr. THURMOND. I yield 3 minutes to major regional contingencies. It is implored the Congress not to cut de- Senator WARNER. highly questionable, however, whether fense further—that defense had been Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, over or not this planned force will be capa- cut enough. Then, this year, in his the past several days, I have listened ble of meeting this requirement. There budget request for fiscal year 1996, the closely to the debate over this budget is also general agreement that the ad- President recommended $5.7 billion less resolution which, I believe, has the po- ministration’s future years defense than he recommended last year—in tential to set our Nation on the road to plan [FYDP] is inadequate. The Gen- real terms, this is over $13 billion less fiscal responsibility. I want to com- eral Accounting Office estimated that than last year. Mr. President, that mend the Senator from New Mexico, the FYDP may be underfunded by as sounds like a cut to me. Senator DOMENICI, for his courageous much as $150 billion. There are those who state that de- proposal which will balance the Fed- The administration has made readi- fense should pay its fair share. Mr. eral budget by the year 2002. I support ness a high priority at the expense of President, I maintain that defense has what he and the other Republicans on modernization of our military. They already paid more than its fair share— the Budget Committee intend to do have kept personnel and readiness ac- that defense has already been cut too with this budget resolution—eliminate counts funded at high levels, but be- deeply. Fiscal year 1996 represents the the Federal deficit and relieve the cause the overall budget is under- 11th consecutive year of declining de- enormous burden of debt that we are funded, modernization—the R&D and fense budgets—the longest continuous currently loading on the backs of our procurement accounts—have paid the decline in post WW II history. DOD children and grandchildren. However, I bills. Procurement is at intolerably low spending as a share of the Federal take exception with the spending levels levels. A Marine Corps general officer budget has declined from 42 percent in for defense included within the budget testifying at an Armed Services Com- 1968 to 18 percent in 1994 and continues resolution before the Senate. mittee hearing recently stated that the to decline. Mr. President, I am concerned about Marine Corps procurement budget was As I indicated earlier, Defense pro- the security of our Nation and the only about one-third of what it should curement spending has suffered greatly risks we face in a world that—despite be for the third straight year. ‘‘You under the Clinton administration. Dur- the demise of the cold war—remains a can’t modernize on pocket change,’’ he ing the hollow force days of the mid- very dangerous and unpredictable told the committee. 1970’s, procurement spending was only place. As we speak, our Armed Forces I should also point out that even with about $46.7 billion; in 1985, at the are preparing for the possibility of a all of the administration’s emphasis on height of the Reagan buildup, procure- mission to assist in the withdrawal of readiness, significant readiness prob- ment spending reached $120 billion; in U.N. forces from the former Yugo- lems have occurred within our military 1995, procurement spending is down to slavia. Whether or not you believe that over the past year. $39.4 billion—representing a 67-percent we should put U.S. forces at risk to Last September, three Army divi- decrease from fiscal year 1985 and 16- carry out this mission, I am certain sions reported readiness levels of C–3. percent less than the mid-1970’s low that every Senator in this Chamber Not since the days of the Carter admin- point. would support funding to ensure that istration, have that many divisions re- Mr. President, when we fail to mod- our forces are trained and equipped to ported such poor readiness levels. ernize our forces with new weapons and facilitate the rapid accomplishment of Overall readiness for active Navy equipment, we not only cause mainte- this mission with minimal risk to the aviation squadrons declined from about nance and operating costs to rise, but lives of U.S. military personnel. We 75 percent in fiscal year 1990 to 61 per- more importantly, we condemn our fu- learned in Operation Desert Storm that cent last year. ture soldiers, sailors, airmen, and ma- well-trained troops equipped with mod- Funding shortfalls in the 2d Marine rines to fight their battles with obso- ern weapons and equipment suffer Air Wing’s flying hour program re- lete weapons and equipment. fewer casualities. sulted in 11 of 30 squadrons reporting in Mr. President, when I asked an old Today we are facing a world prolifer- the two lowest readiness categories (C– Marine sergeant, who was a combat ating with new threats based on cen- 3 or C–4) for the 4th quarter of fiscal veteran of several wars, why he was so turies-old ethnic, racial and religious year 1994. sure there would be another war, he re- hatreds. Admiral Boorda, the Chief of Naval plied, ‘‘There always has been.’’ It is The problem with preparing our Operations stated recently, ‘‘We have certain that our forces will be called forces to defend against threats in this gone to the well and it is dry. We must upon again to go into battle. The time

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 may be sooner than we think. I hope as much if not more than other areas founded concerns of those who under- the Congress will not put our service- of Federal spending, and that the Pen- stand the importance of readiness and men and women at greater risk because tagon and the White House would have modernization in military planning, es- we cannot find additional funds from a to realize that in a time of ‘‘dimin- pecially in today’s uncertain world. budget of almost $1.3 trillion. ishing military threats,’’ deep cuts The past few years have shown that I support the Thurmond-McCain would have to be made. the end of the cold-war standoff with amendment and urge my colleagues to The writer is not alone in failing to Soviet Russia has not simplified and vote for it also. grasp the obvious. The post-cold-war brought harmony to the world, rather Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise period has seen a proliferation of ef- it has increased uncertainty and made today in support of the Thurmond-Ste- forts to cut American defense budgets the world more susceptible to a host of vens-McCain amendment. I commend dangerously deeply. These efforts have festering regional conflicts. Many of my colleagues for their efforts to en- been accompanied by accusations that, these conflicts have the potential for sure an adequate defense budget. Under in an era of budget balancing and def- escalation, spillover, and major desta- this amendment, defense spending icit reduction, the military is not ab- bilization in areas critical to the secu- would be increased to meet the levels sorbing its fair share of cuts. rity and interests of the United States approved by the House last week. How- Nothing could be further from the and our closest allies. ever, the measure is deficit neutral in truth. While the United States is not the each year of the resolution, and keeps Far from being placed on a pedestal, world’s policeman, we are the only us on path to achieve a balanced budg- protected from America’s budget cut- global power, and we have global inter- et by the year 2002. ting zeal, defense spending has already ests that can be threatened by regional We are committed to cutting Federal been subjected to a frenzy of profound powers, great and small. Defending our spending. But we must ensure that our and often damaging reductions. The de- interests requires us to station forces military is prepared to meet future fense budget has been cut every year abroad and to be able to project power challenges. Over the past few years, the for the past decade, for an overall real around the globe. Clinton administration has sacrificed decline of some 35 percent. In contrast, A brief glance around the world the readiness and modernization of our real spending on Medicare and Social shows the variety of dangers the forces. However, around the world, po- Security over the same period has in- United States must be prepared to tential enemies are increasing and creased 63 and 23 percent, respectively. meet: Russian troops are turning Chechnya modernizing their military capabili- The portion of the defense budget into a wasteland and Russian neighbors ties. used to buy weapons and other equip- For the past 2 years, the administra- into colonies, while Russian engineers ment has already suffered a reduction tion has justified its reduction-in-force prepare to build nuclear reactors in the of more than two-thirds over the past structure by promising to provide our terrorist theocracy of Iran and Russian decade: troops with the most modern tech- officials threaten the independence of A decade ago we purchased 720 tanks nology available. During last year’s the Baltics; a year. Today, we buy none. China also plans to sell Iran nuclear hearings on the fiscal year 1995 budget, Annual purchases of ships and air- General Shalikashvili stated, and I reactors and seems intent on becoming craft have declined 80 and 87 percent quote: a regional hegemon, claiming sov- respectively. ereignty over the strategic South The structure is adequate only if we stick Dozens of major weapons programs with two linchpins: We must improve our ca- China Sea, extending its coastal de- and more than a hundred smaller ones pabilities, and we must improve and main- fense perimeter 10-fold out to 2,000 have been terminated. tain our readiness. miles, and backing these claims up As the nonpartisan Congressional Unfortunately, this has turned out to with military deployments; be empty rhetoric. Procurement spend- Budget Office has put it, the Pentagon Iran is aggressively pursuing nuclear ing and procurement rates are at their has entered a ‘‘procurement holiday.’’ weapons while also deploying Russian- lowest levels in 45 years. Despite prom- For the past decade, it has been de- built submarines and Chinese- and ises to enhance force capabilities, mod- fense that has borne the blows of the North Korean-built missiles in order to ernization has come to a virtual stand- budget cutting axe as domestic spend- gain control of the Persian Gulf and still. The result is that our Armed ing has steadily grown. dominate its neighbors; Forces are smaller, but not more capa- The very real reductions in defense North Korea has violated last Octo- ble. budgets over the past decade may not ber’s nuclear agreement and continues Where President Clinton has failed to seem important from the vantage point to mass troops and artillery on the recognize the long-term needs of the of defense spending critics, but for DMZ, making an Asian nuclear arms military, we in Congress must take the those whose job it is to ensure military race and another Korean war real pos- lead. Our defense budget must balance readiness and to guarantee American sibilities. our need to maintain near-term readi- security, the cuts have already made NATO is edging closer to intervening ness and our need to provide enhanced their tasks difficult to the point of in Bosnia in order to rescue the U.N. capabilities for the future. It must pre- being almost impossible. The question troops deployed there, which would put pare us for tomorrow’s challenges. for these professionals is whether min- some 25,000 United States troops in the Failure to do so will jeopardize the se- imum levels of reliability and readi- midst of a seemingly intractable war. curity of this Nation. I urge my col- ness can be ensured, given current Those who view this as merely a list leagues to support this amendment. spending cuts. of hypothetical risks unlikely to re- Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, much of Earlier this year, Gen. Carl Mundy, quire American military deployments the debate over the defense budget in Commandant of the Marine Corps, would do well to recall that since the recent weeks and months has been warned: end of the cold war, U.S. Armed Forces based on misperceptions and half- We are stretched thin. Actual operational have been sent into action repeatedly commitments over the past 3 years have ac- 1 truths. on some 2 ⁄2 dozen operations. A good example can be found in one tually grown steadily and have greatly ex- While members of the Armed Serv- editorial entitled ‘‘Grasping the Obvi- ceeded those predicted by either the Marine ices Committee are on record as favor- Corps assessment or the Bottom-Up Review ous,’’ which lashed out at defense * * *. We have not to date received sufficient ing increases in the defense budget, spending, claiming that President Clin- resources to fund * * * minimum essential this amendment would merely slow the ton wanted to increase the defense requirements * * * to provide a reasonable decline in defense spending over the budget and that: assurance that we can meet our commit- next 7 years. Even if this amendment is The Defense Department has somehow be- ments with operationally ready and effective adopted, defense spending will continue come untouchable, taking a place alongside forces, not only today, but throughout the to decline in real terms for another 7 Social Security and Medicare in the pan- program years.* * * years, resulting in 17 straight years of theon of sacrosanct Federal enterprises. This assessment has been echoed by cuts in the defense budget. The editorial went on to argue that senior officers in all of the Nation’s Given the tremendous cuts imposed defense budgets should be reduced just armed services. It illustrates the well- on the defense budget in recent years

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7189 and the great uncertainty we face care and Medicaid cuts. In America their payment procedures and bring around the world, we cannot continue today, one in four children, and one in some accountability to the system. We to gut America’s Armed Forces. The three infants, are covered by Medicaid. owe that much to the Nation’s tax- military is already strained by the un- The earned income tax credit, a pro- payers. gram to help keep working families off precedented number of peacetime oper- Our debate today is about deficit re- welfare, will be cut by 11 percent. ations it is being ordered to undertake. duction—which requires hard choices. Mr. President, listening to the lead- Our Nation’s scientific community Under the Senate budget plan, the ers of our Armed Forces and looking must accept $25 billion in cuts for basic United States will continue to main- around the world, we are compelled to research. conclude that putting the brakes on The budget blueprint before us in- tain the strongest military in the military spending cuts is not merely a creases the veterans’ contribution for world. Today the military’s share of wise position, it is a national security GI bill education benefits, and freezes the gross domestic product is 4.6 per- imperative. funding for the VA’s medical system at cent, which is higher than the entire I urge my colleagues to support the the 1995 level for the next 7 years, cut- Federal domestic discretionary budget Thurmond amendment. ting access to health care for veterans combined 3.7 percent. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise around the Nation. Under the Repub- And in the current international cli- in strong opposition to the Thurmond- lican proposal, the VA will be forced to mate, where the United States remains McCain amendment, which seeks to in- close the equivalent of 35 of its 170 hos- the only military superpower, we are crease defense spending by $68 billion pitals and deny care to over 1 million also the dominant economic and polit- over the next 7 years, and pay for that of our Nation’s vets. ical actor on the stage. In this role, we increase by making further cuts in do- And if we accept the amendment now must increasingly emphasize non- mestic programs. pending before the Senate, American military solutions to global conflicts— In this era of shared sacrifice where families would be asked to accept even diplomatic negotiations, multilateral no one is spared the budget ax—not deeper cuts in education funding, crime efforts, and regional responses. children, seniors, nor veterans—I fear control, and other important domestic that those who would now ask the Sen- programs. But most of all, in order to project ate to increase the level of defense Proponents of this amendment point strength abroad, we must gain strength spending simply do not understand the to recent declines in defense spending here at home. Our national security, in true war this country is fighting. with alarm. While spending for our my view, will not be strengthened by Mr. President, it is America’s fami- military is down from the mid-1980’s yet more guns and missiles. We need to lies who are on the front lines today, level, we must keep this trend in per- restore global economic leadership. We fighting to find a safe place to live, a spective. The United States today has must invest in our children and their sound education for their children, af- the largest military budget and the future—in their education and their fordable health care, and job security. most powerful military force in the health. We must rebuild our cities and It is the war against crime, poverty, world. our infrastructure, and invest in tech- ignorance, and AIDS that needs to be The combined military budgets of nology and scientific research. this country’s priorities as we ap- Russia, Iraq, China, North Korea, We must ensure that the economy proach the next century. Libya, Iran, Syria, and Cuba total $95 our children inherit in the next cen- During the cold war, Americans made billion annually. That is one-third the tury is sound and growing. sacrifices here at home so that our na- level of U.S. defense spending. Each tional resources could be used to defeat year, the United States spends more Mr. President, I will end with a quote communism around the globe. The Ber- than the next nine of the world’s big- from Dwight Eisenhower, who observed lin Wall fell in 1989, and with it, the gest military spenders combined. in 1953, Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union offi- In fact, this country spends so much Every gun that is fired, every warship cially dissolved in 1991. We fought the for defense, even the Pentagon can’t launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the war, and we won. keep track of it all. According to the final sense, a theft from those who hunger In the aftermath of the cold war, I GAO and the Pentagon’s inspector gen- and are not fed, those who are cold and are believe American families deserve to eral, as well as the Pentagon’s Con- not clothed. The world in arms is not spend- live in a safer and more stable world. troller John Hamre, billions of defense ing money alone. It is spending the sweat of They deserve to know that more of dollars are lost year after year due to its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the their tax dollars are going to educate poor recordkeeping and lax accounting hopes of its children. their children and police their streets. practices at the Department of De- General Eisenhower had it right. Mr. The Republican budget before us fense. President, I urge my colleagues to de- today, which outlines their spending According to GAO, each year the pen- feat the Thurmond-McCain amend- priorities for the next 7 years, makes tagon pays private contractors up to ment. deep cuts in programs for children, the $750 million it does not owe them—with Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I am a poor, veterans, and the elderly, while businesses often paid twice for the supporter of this historic budget. But I insulating defense spending from cuts. work they have done. And at this want briefly to comment on the level And now we are asked to support an point, according to the Pentagon, there of defense spending it recommends—a amendment which would add $68 billion is really no way to retrieve these lost level I believe is clearly inadequate to more in defense spending, and to pay funds, or to stop the massive overpay- for that increase, American families ments. retain our long-term readiness and the would have to accept yet deeper cuts in Billions of dollars simply lost in the quality of life of our men and women in domestic programs. system, Mr. President, in an era when uniform. Even without this amendment, let us we are saying no to university sci- Balancing the books is one of the remember what the Republican budget entists looking for cures to devastating most important duties of Government. is asking of American families. diseases. But it is not the first duty of Govern- Teachers and students are asked to Billions of dollars lost in the system ment. That duty is the defense of our accept dramatic cuts in education when we are saying no to preschoolers country, this means more than defend- spending, worker training programs, who need HeadStart programs. ing our borders. It means shaping a se- and student loan assistance. Billions of dollars lost in the system, curity environment that will be favor- Preschoolers and their parents must when we are saying no to our Nation’s able to America in the future. It means accept a 30-percent cut in Head Start elderly, who thought they could rely providing our troops with the training funding, which will deny as many as on Medicare in their final years. they need and the equipment they re- Billions of lost dollars when we are 100,000 low-income children the benefit quire. of a preschool education. saying no to basic scientific research, Rural Americans will be asked to ac- which has fueled our economy for dec- The Armed Services Committee has cept 20-percent cuts in mandatory agri- ades. spent a good deal of time and effort culture spending. At the very least, Congress should this spring, through hearings and brief- Children and the elderly will be hold defense spending to the Presi- ings, exploring the current and future asked to shoulder $400 billion in Medi- dent’s level until the Pentagon can fix needs of our military.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Although the cold war is over—we If we attempted today to engage in a Mr. President, this is not a threat have found that the demands we place major regional conflict, I believe we but reality. I hope all my colleagues on our military have not diminished. If have placed artificial handicaps on our will consider this amendment carefully anything, they have expanded—into ability to project American power. Fu- and vote to provide the funds needed quick deployments, in high-risk situa- ture enemies have gained from the les- for an adequate defense for our Nation. tions, under tremendous danger and sons learned by Iraq, and will not allow Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise strain. For example: a protracted buildup to take place. We in support of the Thurmond-McCain Our shrinking forces in Europe—from would not be able to conduct such a amendment to increase the level of de- 314,000 prior to the fall of the Berlin war because the shortfalls in air and fense spending to a reasonable level. wall and now rapidly approaching sea lift capabilities would prevent it. Throughout my campaign, I promised 100,000—have been deployed in more The drawdown in personnel over the the voters to oppose additional cuts in missions in the last 5 years than in the last 4 years is another critical element defense, and sufficiently fund impor- previous 45 years. in this debate. The proposed budget tant weapons systems modernization The average soldier now spends ap- levels will not allow us to adequately programs needed to ensure our forces’ proximately 138 days each year away address these shortfalls. We need addi- technological supremacy. Although from home on extended, short notice tional funding in defense to develop ca- there may no longer be a monolithic deployments. This must be combined pable and modern equipment, and allow threat to our existence, there are a with extensive training to maintain our men and women to do the job as- myriad of threats and strategic inter- key skills. signed to them. ests which warrant a United States Our Navy surface ships, and the men In addition, with this continued de- military force level capable of pro- and women who man them, are deploy- cline of our defense, we are sending the tecting them. ing and training at tempos that keep wrong message to the world, especially In defining and protecting the U.S. them away from home in excess of 130 to our allies—a message of retreat and strategic interests, the Clinton admin- days per year, on average. withdrawal. America has world-wide istration has been negligent. It has The Marines currently have 24,000 commitments and national interests consistently failed to request the funds people deployed overseas carrying out which must be maintained. Our ability necessary to field, maintain and train 911 fast reaction assignments. Just to to back-up those obligations, with a the forces necessary to carry out its give you some concept of the pace of strong and viable military, should be own National Security Strategy. Esti- change in the Marines, the total man- one of our highest priorities. mates of this budget shortfall range ning level for the Marines has been sta- If we build our economic security but from almost $50 billion to over $480 bil- bilized at 178,000. During the last 5 cripple our military capability in the lion during the next five years. In fact, years, the Marine Corps downsized process, then we will have failed both the President’s budget will allow mili- 24,000 personnel—the same figure which our children and our Nation. Maintain- tary spending to fall below the anemic is currently deployed. ing America’s national strength is our levels provided to the hollow forces of The Air Force has gone from 18 ac- best assurance of peace—and that the Carter administration. From 1985 tive fighter wings to 13 wings resulting peace is worth the price. to the end of the Clinton administra- Mr. President. I support the Thur- in a four-fold increase in deployment tion’s budget in 2001, critical procure- mond amendment. It is an effort to re- obligations over the last 7 years—while ment modernization programs will fall verse a dangerous trend, and restore a drawing down the overall end strength over 57 percent, while research and de- national resource—the strength of our by one third. These commitments have velopment spending is cut by almost 40 Nation. I urge the Senate adopt the required a quadrupling of the total percent. number of people deployed over the amendment from the Senator from Therefore I believe our military ca- last 5 years. South Carolina. pability is seriously compromised. Sen- My point is this: A serious gap is Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, be- ator MCCAIN’s February 1995 Report on opening between the military mission fore the Senate votes on this amend- Military Capabilities and Readiness we define and the level of funding we ment, I want to be sure that my col- stated that although smaller forces can provide. Unfortunately, the budget res- leagues on both sides of the aisles un- still be militarily effective, they must olution before us continues this dan- derstand the importance of this vote. also be ‘‘continually enhanced through gerous trend, which may leave our If the Senate elects not to support an modernization.’’ The former service forces without the tools, training or increase in defense spending, then the Chiefs of Staff who conducted this equipment to fulfill future tasks we responsibility for underfunding defense 1 study found military modernization at will ask of them. for the last 2 ⁄2 years will no longer rest The is our benchmark of with the administration. By accepting a standstill, while procurement and re- American military success. It is an ef- the Budget Committee recommenda- search and development budgets were fort we must be able to duplicate, well tion to accept the administration’s insufficient to maintain our force’s into the future. But even that war was proposed defense budgets we, the Mem- technological superiority. conducted under the most favorable bers of the Senate, must bear full re- Mr. President, in light of these condi- circumstances. sponsibility for decreasing readiness tions, I find it imperative to support We had 6 months to move equipment and the lack of modernization in our the amendment proposed by Senator and troops into the region. It is very Armed Forces. THURMOND. This amendment would in- unlikely we will enjoy that sort of ad- The Armed Services Committee has crease defense spending by $67.9 billion vantage in other situations. received a large number of letters re- over seven years and finance it by an Our training and logistics were given questing assistance and support for equivalent reduction in non-defense extensive time to put into place. items in the defense budget or funds to discretionary spending. As I mentioned Our opponent had inferior tech- be added in the authorization process. I during the debate on the Gramm tax nology, and no known weapons of mass want to make it clear that it will be cut amendment, I agree that it is pos- destruction. very difficult to include any new pro- sible to reduce discretionary spending All the surrounding countries in the grams or proposals that add money to further than what is proposed in the region were friendly. existing defense programs without the budget resolution. However, I do not The international community was increase in funds this amendment pro- think it is prudent to do so on a pro- solidly behind us. vides. Furthermore, resources to pro- portionate across-the-board basis. In As we plan for the next war—a war vide additional equipment for the Na- my judgement, additional program we hope will never come—it would be tional Guard and Reserves will not be eliminations and consolidations in tar- foolish to base our strategy on advan- available. Programs within the budget geted areas of the budget is the proper tages we enjoyed in the last one. And I that are already at jeopardy such as course to follow. am deeply concerned we have squan- the third Seawolf are at In closing, providing for the Nation’s dered some of the advantages we can greater risk without the increase this defense is the Federal Government’s control. amendment provides. first and primary responsibility. To

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7191 allow the President to deplete our mili- standing. I am baffled by their pro- Mr. GRASSLEY. The international tary below that level necessary to pro- posal; more important, baffled by the situation today as we know it points to tect our strategic interests is irrespon- number of $92 billion, higher than any- decreasing threats and a call for de- sible and ill-advised. We must increase thing I had heard spoken of behind the fense numbers to stay flat. If we pump the funding to the National Defense ac- scenes over the last month that might up the budget now, we will be buying count and we must do it now. come up at this particular time. weapons that we do not need, weapons The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. What they are doing is starting back like the Sea Wolf submarine, the F–22 ABRAHAM). Who yields time? on the slippery slope towards higher fighter, more B–2 bombers, Comanche Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I defense budgets that is a license for helicopters, all designed to defeat a think the time is getting out of bal- further waste and mismanagement. threat that no longer exists. The Sea ance in terms of those in favor and Not only that, but the world situation Wolf, the F–22, the B–2 and the Coman- those opposed. Do we have any people does not call for spending more money che are all cold war relics. The cold war who might speak in opposition? at this particular time. The Soviet warriors are trying to buy cold war Mr. EXON. We will have somebody in threat is gone. The cold war is over. weapons on a post-cold war budget. just a moment. But the debate in Congress for spend- That is the only reason we are having There has been some misunder- ing more for defense is reminiscent of the debate on this amendment today. standing on time. At the present time, that era. This kind of defense policy will give will the Chair advise the Senate how There has been a dramatic decrease us another hollow force like we had in much time is allocated and remaining in the primary threat to our national the 1970’s. We will end up with another to the proponents of the amendment, security as we knew it. We have rewrit- hollow force because the cold war war- and what is the split on the time with ten our national security goals, but the riors have to rob the readiness ac- regard to the other side? budget that my colleagues want the in- counts to pay for the cold war relics. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pro- crease for is defined in those cold war They have to rob the readiness ac- ponents have 25 minutes remaining. terms. counts because all the cold war weap- The opponents, the Senator from Ne- The defense budget is coming down, ons are underfunded. They are under- braska, would have 50 minutes. and it should be coming down. So why funded because this outrageous price Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I did not do they say that it needs to go up? Why tag cannot be justified in the absence hear the time in answer to my ques- and for what? There is no good reason. of a Soviet military threat. tion. The bureaucrats at the Pentagon say I yield the floor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am that they need more money, and they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who sorry. The proponents would have 25 say they need it right now. That is the yields time? minutes remaining. Senator DOMENICI reason. That happens to be the only Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. would have 10 minutes. And you would reason. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have 50 minutes remaining. Once again I wish to remind my col- ator from Nebraska. Mr. EXON. I thank the Chair. leagues what happened on May 2, 1985. Mr. EXON. I yield 12 minutes to the Mr. DOMENICI. Did Senator THUR- The Reagan administration was trying Senator from West Virginia. MOND want to yield some time or did he to continue the pumped up defense The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- want to wait? numbers that had been in existence for ator from West Virginia is recognized. Mr. THURMOND. I will wait and let 3 years at that particular time. They Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank them speak. were trying to push defense spending the distinguished Senator from Ne- Mr. DOMENICI. I think that would from around $255 billion in fiscal year braska. I congratulate him on his ex- be fair. 1985 to around $300 billion in fiscal year cellent work on this measure. Mr. EXON. I inquire of the Senator 1986, and then to $400 billion, and then Mr. President, a number of recent from Iowa, [Mr. GRASSLEY], who asked to $500 billion in the years beyond. newspaper articles, in the Washington for some time, is he prepared to offer Now, that was at the height of the Post and the Baltimore Sun, have re- his remarks at this time? cold war and the height of Soviet mili- ported on the extent of financial mis- Mr. GRASSLEY. Yes, I am. tary power. The rise in the Soviet mili- management in the Department of De- Mr. EXON. How much time does the tary power was the principal driver be- fense. These reports indicate that this Senator from Iowa wish? hind the plan to push the Pentagon mismanagement has resulted in at Mr. GRASSLEY. Could I have 5 min- budget to $500 billion by the year 1990. least $28.8 billion lost in overpayments utes for the moment. I may want some But on May 2, 1985, the Senate rejected to defense contractors or simply unac- time later on. this Reagan defense budget buildup counted for over the past decade. Unbe- Mr. EXON. I yield 5 minutes, and if even in the face of massive Soviet mili- lievably, this amount is down from the Senator needs more time I will be tary power. $48.7 billion in 1993. The current De- glad to yield it. This measure, the fiscal year 1986 partment of Defense comptroller, Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- budget resolution, put a brake on that, John Hamre, has had the unenviable ator from Iowa. effectively ending the planned growth task of trying to sort out the extent of Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, this of the Pentagon budget. If we rejected the problem and the multiple causes is a battle that is mainly being fought a defense budget buildup to those num- for it. He is to be commended for his on the Republican side. There are Re- bers in 1985 when we were confronted diligence and honesty in dealing publicans who are bent on pumping up with a serious military threat, why squarely with this issue, and he de- the defense budget once again. There would we now move to pump up the serves our support as he attempts to are a lot of Republicans on this side budget when that threat has literally correct the underlying morass of mul- who are of the opinion that that should evaporated? Why would we do that? tiple and confusing payment and ac- not be done. They may not speak as As we learned back in the 1980’s, counting systems that created the cur- well about that issue, so I am going to higher defense budgets only bring high- rent crisis. But the fact is, the Depart- do what I do quite often, oppose the ef- er costs, more overhead, and more ment of Defense cannot adequately forts by my distinguished colleagues on waste, as long as the Department of safeguard the roughly $260 billion that the Republican side of the aisle, to Defense management leadership re- it is entrusted with each year. Yet the make sure that we do not spend any mains AWOL. More money for defense amendment before us would increase more money on defense than what is in when the threat to our national secu- the money entrusted to the Depart- the very well-crafted compromise put rity has decreased dramatically cannot ment of Defense by $92 billion over 7 together by the distinguished chairman be justified. The numbers before us in years. This amendment would cut deep- of the Budget Committee, Senator this amendment then cannot be justi- er into the shrinking accounts for en- DOMENICI. fied. ergy, agriculture, education, and law The proposal to pump up the defense May I have 2 more minutes? enforcement programs—programs that numbers makes no sense at all. I think Mr. EXON. I yield 2 additional min- directly benefit every American cit- it defies all reason and all under- utes. izen—in order to pour more money into

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 a defense money bucket that has so correcting this mess, which stretches sieve,’’ said Mr. Levin, adding that voters ex- many holes in it that it might better back over decades but was exacerbated perienced ‘‘frustration, disappointment, in- be described as a money sieve. during the defense buildup in the 1980’s. deed, anger’’ over reports of continuing Pen- According to the press reports, which The number of accounting programs tagon waste, fraud and abuse, particularly at also cite Department of Defense In- a time when Congress was ordering major are being reduced, the financial staff is spending cuts in other programs. spector General and the General Ac- being halved and consolidated from 300 Mr. Hamre, in an effort to explain the ac- counting Office reports, basic account- offices nationwide to 25, and a system counting difficulties, said the Pentagon each ing and record-keeping procedures, re- is being implemented to check all pay- month processes 2.5 million invoices, spends quired of even the smallest private of- ments against invoices. The number of $9.2 billion and issues 10 million paychecks. fice, are not widely followed in the De- different military and civilian pay sys- ‘‘So that’s 10 million times to get things partment of Defense and the military tems have also been reduced. screwed up,’’ he said. services. Invoices and payment records These are important steps, and they His own pay, he said, had been miscalcu- are not reconciled, yearly tracking of are necessary steps. In his written tes- lated six times in the 18 months he has spent funds spent on equipment or programs in the department, adding: ‘‘And it’s really timony before the Senate Appropria- bad when you screw up your boss’ pay. And is not done, and program managers are tions Defense Subcommittee this I’ve done that a couple of times.’’ authorized to write checks on the De- morning, Mr. Hamre estimated that Mr. Hamre’s boss, Defense Secretary Wil- partment of Defense account without through the consolidation and stand- liam J. Perry, has made financial reform a checking the balance in the central ardization of its financial systems and priority in an effort to save money, which registry. And the Department of the operations, the Defense Finance and can be spent on improving the combat readi- Treasury covers the Department of De- Accounting Service will achieve sub- ness of the armed forces. fense’s bad checks, so no one is ever stantial savings in its own operating The Perry plan calls for reducing the 250 held accountable for their profligate accounting systems the Pentagon operates, costs, on the order of $57 million in fis- halving of the financial staff of 46,000 to spending. Charles A. Bowsher, the cal year 1997. I would hope that these 23,000 in five years, and consolidating 300 ac- Comptroller General of the United savings would be put to use further up- counting offices nationwide into 25 financial States for the General Accounting Of- grading and consolidating the Depart- centers. fice, has stated in written testimony ment of Defense accounting systems To phase out the practice of paying first before the Appropriations Sub- into a smoothly functioning system. and accounting for the payment later, begin- committee on Defense that ‘‘none of Improvements in financial manage- ning July 1 any Pentagon payment of more the military services or major DoD ment at the Department of Defense than $5 million will have to be checked components have produced reliable fi- should whittle down the current $28.8 against an invoice, said Mr. Hamre. After Oc- nancial statements since the passage of tober 1, the new rule will apply to payments billion in so-called ‘‘problem disburse- of more than $1 million. Eventually it will the CFO [Chief Financial Officers] Act ments.’’ These savings should fund in- apply to all payments. of 1990.’’ creases in defense programs, not false The military pay systems for uniformed According to the DoD Inspector Gen- savings brutally carved with a meat personnel has been reduced from 18 in 1991 to eral, $14.7 billion cannot be accounted axe from already lean energy, agri- six today, and will be down to two in 1997. Ci- for with invoices, so the Department of culture, education, and law enforce- vilian pay systems have been reduced from 18 Defense cannot say that it is not buy- ment programs. to 10. By 1998 there will be a single civilian ing unneeded or unnecessary items. Mr. President, I urge my colleagues pay system. Mr. Hamre said the Defense Department Over $7 billion worth of goods and serv- to vote against this amendment, and I ices were purchased by military offices was also screening its retirement rolls after say that with all due respect to the co- 1,000 military pension recipients in the Phil- in excess of the amounts authorized by sponsors thereof. ippines failed to turn up at the U.S. Embassy Congress. Every year, the Department Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- to confirm their status. They were then of Defense overpays defense contrac- sent that the articles to which I re- struck from the rolls. tors by $500–750 million. According to ferred in my statement be printed in The Senate panel heard that in fiscal 1994 the General Accounting Office, while the RECORD. the Pentagon was accountable for more than contractors generally notify the De- There being no objection, the mate- $1 trillion in assets, 3 million military and partment of Defense when they are rial was ordered to be printed in the civilian personnel, and $272 billion in expend- overpaid, they may not return the pay- itures—approximately equivalent to 50 per- RECORD as follows: cent of the federal government’s discre- ments unless instructed to do so. As of [From the Baltimore Sun, May 17, 1995] tionary spending. July 1994, a sample of large and small PENTAGON UNABLE TO ACCOUNT FOR $28.8 BIL- ‘‘It’s big bucks,’’ said Sen. John Glenn, a defense contractors were holding ap- LION; ERROR-PRONE PAYMENT SYSTEM CITED leader in the decade-old campaign to reform proximately $231.5 million in contract (By Gilbert A. Lewthwaite) the Defense Department’s accounting sys- overpayments, including one that had WASHINGTON.—The Pentagon is facing an tems. ‘‘If any of the civilian agencies on the been outstanding for about 7 years, accounting gap, with discrepancies on its chopping block had [the Pentagon’s] record costing the government about $5 mil- books totaling $28.8 billion, its top financial on financial management, they would prob- lion in interest. This is not a system officer told Congress yesterday. ably be at the top of the hit list.’’ Charles A. Bowsher, U.S. comptroller gen- that needs more money added to it. The problem includes a $13 billion imbal- ance between checks the Pentagon has writ- eral and the top federal financial watchdog, While many of these appalling exam- said the Perry blueprint for financial reform ples of waste are due to the problems ten over the past 10 years and the vouchers it can produce to account for those pay- was ‘‘a good overall plan,’’ but he added that inherent in antiquated and confusing ments. The other $15 billion is from a variety only ‘‘modest progress’’ had been made in accounting systems, 19 different pay- of bookkeeping shortcomings. implementing it. roll systems, and over 200 different con- Pentagon comptroller John Hamre said $1 Asked about overpayments of an average tracting systems, there are also trou- billion worth of ‘‘problem’’ disbursements $750 million yearly to defense contractors, bling examples of potential fraud that were being made monthly without being Mr. Bowsher said that frequently it was the are being investigated. One involves an properly matched to invoices. contractors themselves who revealed the overpayments to the Pentagon. investigation into whether Air Force ‘‘We got into this sad state of affairs be- cause we designed a system where you pay An accounting firm, hired by the General officials used money from various now and account later,’’ he told the Senate Accounting Office to check on 5,000 defense weapons programs to construct a golf Armed Services subcommittee on readiness. contracts since 1990, found $285 million in course. In today’s difficult fiscal envi- ‘‘It isn’t that we have wicked people trying overpayments. To date the Pentagon has de- ronment, it is essential that every de- to screw up, it’s that we have a system that’s manded repayment of $133 million, but has fense dollar goes toward maintaining so error-prone that good people working hard actually collected only $85 million, a GAO the readiness of our fighting forces and are going to make mistakes.’’ official said. is not diverted to golf courses or to The Pentagon’s finances are in such bad Mr. Bowsher also pointed to the ‘‘Byzan- shape that Sen. Carl Levin, a Michigan Dem- tine’’ process of obtaining a military travel purchasing items in excess of defense ocrat, said the Defense Department may voucher, which involved 40 transactions cost- needs because we cannot keep track of need the sort of financial control board im- ing the defense department 30 cents for every our money. posed on the District of Columbia. travel dollar. Administrative charges in the Secretary of Defense Perry and Mr. ‘‘This is totally unacceptable. There is a private sector were down to 1 cent for every Hamre have made great progress in lot of money here which is going through the dollar, he said.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7193 [From the Washington Post, May 14, 1995] managed flow of funds. Some Republicans Hamre, who wins praise from Republicans BILLIONS GO ASTRAY, OFTEN WITHOUT A who looked deeply into the matter are sug- and Democrats for his efforts, has under- TRACE gesting a freeze on military spending until taken a major consolidation of payroll and (By Dana Priest) the Pentagon’s corroded payment system contracting offices. He has opened more than can be permanently fixed. 100 investigations into whether individual Each year, the Defense Department inad- ‘‘The defense budget is in financial chaos,’’ program managers or service agencies vio- vertently pays contractors hundreds of mil- said Sen. Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa), who lated the law by using money appropriated lions of dollars that it does not owe them, is advocating a freeze. ‘‘The foundation of for one program for something else or for and much of the money is never returned. In addition, the department has spent $15 the defense budget is built on sand.’’ paying contracts that exceeded their budget. A Senate Armed Services subcommittee is billion it cannot account for over the past He has frozen 23 major accounts and has scheduled to hold a hearing on the problems decade. stopped payment to 1,200 contractors whose And Pentagon purchasing agents appear to Tuesday. It will be chaired Sen. John Glenn records are particularly troublesome. In have overdrawn government checking ac- (Ohio), a Democrat, who was authorized by July, clerks will be prohibited from making counts by at least $7 billion in payment for Republicans to conduct it because of his payments over $5 million to any contractor goods and services since the mid-1980s, with long-standing interest in the subject. ‘‘unless a valid accounting record’’ of the little or no accountability. Among the problems detailed by the De- contract can be found. By October, the Unlike the infamous $7,600 coffee pot and fense Department, the Pentagon inspector amount drops to $1 million, which means it $600 toilet seat pricing scandals of years general and the GAO: will affect thousands more contracts. past, these problems, and many more, are Of the 36 Pentagon departments audited by According to Hamre and Rau, a number of the result of poor recordkeeping and lax ac- the inspector general (IG) in the last year, 28 cases are under investigation for possible counting practices that for years have char- used ‘‘records in such terrible condition’’ as violations of the Anti-Deficiency Act, the acterized the way the Defense Department to make their annual financial statements— law that governs how congressionally appro- keeps track of the money—$260 billion this an accounting of money collected and money priated money must be spent. Penalties year—that it receives from Congress. spent—utterly worthless, said Vander range from disciplinary job action to crimi- According to a series of investigations by Schaaf. nal prosecution. Investigators are trying to the department’s inspector general and the Financial officials cannot account for $14.7 determine: General Accounting Office, and ongoing billion in ‘‘unmatched disbursements,’’ Why there is an unauthorized expenditure work by Pentagon Comptroller John J. checks written for equipment and services of around $1 billion on the Mark 50 torpedo, Hamre, the Department’s systems of paying purchased by all military units within the and the Standard and Phoenix missiles. contractors and employees are so antiquated last decade. This means that accountants Hamre and Rau suspect that Navy officials and error-prone that it sometimes is difficult know only that a certain amount of money used money appropriated for other items or to tell whether a payment has been made, was spent on the overall F–16 jet account, for wrote checks on empty accounts to pay con- whether it is correct, or even what it paid example, but not how much was spent on F– tracts from 1988 and 1992. for. 16 landing gear or pilot manuals because Whether Air Force officials used money Just how much money does the poor ac- they cannot find a purchase order from the from various weapons programs to build a counting waste? government to match the check. golf course at Wright-Patterson Air Force Former deputy defense secretary and new ‘‘You don’t know what you’re really paying Base in Ohio beginning in 1987. CIA Director John M. Deutch wouldn’t haz- for,’’ Vander Schaaf said. What happened when some programs ran ard a guess. ‘‘Lots,’’ he scribbled recently on The $14.7 billion represents ‘‘hard-core out of money. ‘‘There are some [cases] in the a reporter’s notebook in response to a ques- problems’’ where department accountants Air Force now that really stink,’’ Hamre tion. have tried but failed to find the records. ‘‘We said. When money for the Advanced Cruise For months after he took the job as chair- could be paying for something we don’t need Missile ran out, Air Force officials simply man of the in late 1993, or want,’’ said Russell Rau, the IG’s director terminated the existing contract and re- Gen. John Shalikashvili received paychecks of financial management. wrote another, more expensive one the fol- for the wrong amount. In the last year and a In the last eight years, various military of- lowing day, Pentagon investigators recently half, Comptroller Hamre counted six prob- fices appear to have ordered $7 billion worth concluded. In order to pay for cost overruns lems with his own pay. of goods and services in excess of the amount associated with the new C–17 cargo plane, A paper-based system in which items fre- Congress has given to them to spend. These contract officials simply reclassified $101 quently are misplaced or lost and computers ‘‘negative unliquidated obligations’’ may in- million in development costs as production that often cannot talk to each other are part dicate that a bill has been paid twice or mis- costs. of the problem. But there are other major takenly charged to the wrong account be- Hamre said the services allowed such systemic weaknesses. A lack of basic ac- cause bookkeepers at hundreds of mainte- money mingling to go on partly because of counting procedures—such as matching in- nance depots, weapons program offices and the complexity of the yearly congressional voices and payment records, or keeping military bases did not keep track of pay- appropriations process. ‘‘People want to find track of money spent on a given piece of ments they made, said Vander Schaaf. an easier way to get the job done,’’ he said. equipment from one year to the next—has Of the $7 billion ‘‘the government has no ‘‘They are trying to get some flexibility in a made it impossible to determine how billions idea how much of this balance is still owed,’’ very cumbersome system.’’ of dollars have been spent by each of the Rau said. But, he added, some services also have re- service branches. Hamre has threatened to take part of the sisted correcting problems and punishing In addition, Hamre explained, tracking the $7 billion out of the military services’ cur- wrongdoers. ‘‘I’m very frustrated by it,’’ he money has been nearly impossible because rent operating budget if they cannot find said. ‘‘In the past, they just waited until peo- 300 different program directors—the Air documentation for the expenditures by June ple retired. It was the old boy network cov- Force F–16 fighter program director, the 1. ering for people.’’ commanding officer of an aircraft carrier, Every year the Defense Department pays The Defense Department is unlike any gov- the head of a maintenance depot, for exam- private contractors at least $500 million it ernment agency in scope and size. It sends ple—have had separate checkbooks, each one does not owe them, according to Vander out $35 million an hour in checks for mili- free to write checks without regard to the Schaaf. The GAO believes the figure is closer tary and civilian employees from its main fi- balance in the Pentagon’s central registry. to $750 million. nancing office in Columbus, Ohio. And it The U.S. Treasury has always paid the The payment system is in such bad shape buys everything from toothbrushes to nu- bills, even when there was no money in a that the Pentagon relies on contractors to clear submarines; about $380 billion flows given project’s account, because it assumes catch erroneously calculated checks and re- within the various military purchasing bu- any error was unintentional and someday turn them. Many of the overpayments are reaucracies and out to the private sector would be corrected, said Pentagon officials due to errors made on a paper-based system each year. and inspector general investigators. in which harried clerks are judged by how It takes at least 100 paper transactions ‘‘There’s this huge pot of money over there quickly they make payments. And because among dozens of organizations to buy a com- in the Treasury that you can keep drawing there is no adequate way to track the plex weapons system. Some supply contracts down,’’ said the Deputy Inspector General amount of periodic payments made on a con- have 2,000 line items and, because of the con- Derek J. Vander Schaaf. ‘‘As long as your tract, businesses often are paid twice for the gressional appropriations process, must be [overall] checkbook’s good,’’ he said, mean- work they have done. paid for by money from several different ing the Treasury, ‘‘nobody screams.’’ Defense Department finance officials be- pots. The problems were created over several lieve they are recouping about 75 percent of Fixing the problems without throwing the decades and made worse during the 1980s the overpayments, although they admit they entire system into chaos, Hamre said, ‘‘is Reagan administration defense buildup dur- have no way of knowing exactly how much is like changing the tire on a car while you’re ing the latter days of the Cold War, when being overpaid. driving 60 miles per hour.’’ there was little political will to scrutinize Today, after an 18-month struggle by But some argue it has never been more im- the record sums being spent. Hamre to turn the situation around, the de- portant to make the fixes quickly. Today, however, even ardent defense partment still has 10 payroll systems and 200 ‘‘Here we are in a period of reduced spend- hawks have become disturbed over the mis- different contracting systems. ing, it’s critically important today that we

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 get a bigger bang for the buck,’’ said Sen. calling on them all the time. We owe it builddown started during President William V. Roth Jr. (R.-Del.), chairman of to them to give them the support they Reagan’s second term, even before the the Government Affairs Committee, where need to do their job. We also have to fall of the Berlin Wall, and continued, many of the current problems were first re- ensure that the men and women who accelerated, throughout the Bush ad- vealed. ‘‘We’ve got to put pressure on to ex- pedite it. At best, it will take too long.’’ will be called on 5, 10, or 20 years from ministration and the current adminis- But in the world of Defense Department fi- now will have the same advantages vis- tration. I believe the time has come to nancing, time is not always a solution, as a-vis their opponents that our forces stabilize the defense budget as much as one small example illustrates. have today, including the techno- possible, since the defense budget has In 1991, because of a computer program- logical superiority that played such a already made a greater contribution to ming error, the department’s finance and ac- key role in Operation Desert Storm deficit reduction than any other part of counting service centers erroneously paid and plays such a key role everywhere the budget; I might add, than all of the thousands of Desert Storm reservists $80 mil- lion they were not owed. When officials real- our forces are deployed today. budget combined. ized the mistake, they began to send letters While I am encouraged by the fund- In my judgment, the administration to service members to recoup the overpay- ing for readiness, military pay raises, needs to restore some balance to the ments. Many veterans complained to Con- and quality of life initiatives Secretary defense program but Congress’ recent gress, which then prohibited the Pentagon Perry has recommended in the Presi- action are a good news/bad news story. from collecting any overpayment of less dent’s budget, I think there are clearly The good news is that the House than $2,500 and made it give back money col- insufficient funds going into modern- budget resolution provided an increase lected from people who received less than izing the force. Modernization, for the for the defense budget. This amend- that amount. most part, is delayed into the outyears ment would do the same in the Senate To comply, the Defense Finance and Ac- budget resolution. And the Senate counting Service (DFAS) payment centers in under the current future years defense Cleveland, Denver, Indianapolis and Kansas program. We all know how illusory budget resolution, unlike the House City created new computer programs to can- these budget projections become 4 or 5 version, contains firewalls. But there cel the debts and issue refunds. But they did years down the road. has been bad news for defense as well. not adequately test the new programs, IG Under the current budget, 1996 and THE SENATE RESOLUTION DOES NOT INCREASE and GAO investigators found. 1997 will be the second and third DEFENSE As a result, the appropriate debts were not straight years during which the Air First, although there have been a lot canceled, and improper amounts of refunds Force will not purchase a single new of statements that the President’s de- were issued, often to the wrong service mem- fense budget and Bottom-Up Review ber. The DFAS center in Denver, for exam- fighter aircraft. The Air Force has no ple, canceled $295,000 that service members bomber program. Our leading standoff force structure are inadequate, this owned it for travel advances. In all, the weapon program has been canceled, yet resolution as reported out by the Budg- botched effort to follow Congress’s direction the budget, at this stage, contains no et Committee contains no increase for cost taxpayers an additional $15 million, funds to replace that capability. The defense above the levels proposed by Pentagon officials said. number of navy ships is not nearly the administration—in fact in the final ‘‘It isn’t possible now’’ to recoup the enough to replace even a 300-ship Navy. 2 years it is lower than the administra- money, Hamre said. ‘‘We can’t reconstruct and the Marine Corps is years away tion’s plan. the records. We admit were really, really And while the House version of this bad. We don’t do it again.’’ The IG’s office from having a replacement for its has agreed that it would be too costly to re- aging amphibious assault vehicles. It resolution does increase defense, the construct the records and recoup the loss. would not take long to list the Army’s House voted earlier this year in their As he often does when he testifies about modernization programs, but it would tax cut bill to pay for the tax cut these matters on Capitol Hill, Hamre con- take a long time to list the deficiencies largely by cutting discretionary spend- fessed to the Senate Armed Services Com- in that program. ing, which includes defense, and the mittee recently: ‘‘We’ve made a lot of The fiscal squeeze on the defense House did not include firewalls in ei- progress. But we’ve got a long way to go.’’ budget is already intense. As we seek ther the tax cut bill which reduced the Mr. BYRD. I yield back the remain- to balance the budget, and properly discretionary caps or in their budget der of my time. so—especially if we try to enact tax resolution. So the House has put dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who cuts, which I think are ill-advised, and cretionary spending on the table to pay yields time? which I hope this body will vote for cutting taxes, which certainly Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I against this afternoon—if we do that, makes it more difficult to find the yield Senator NUNN 5 minutes. however, the pressure is going to get money to increase the defense budget. Mr. NUNN. I thank my friend from more and more intense on the defense REQUIREMENT THAT DOD ABSORB THE COST OF South Carolina. budget. This gives me even less con- CONTINGENCIES Mr. President, I rise in support of the fidence in the outyear funding pre- Second, despite the frequent com- Thurmond-McCain amendment to in- dictions that show funds for defense plaints about the cost of contingency crease the defense spending levels in modernization increasing. operations and their effect on readi- this budget resolution. In my view, we need to increase the ness, the defense supplemental enacted For over 2 years, I have been express- defense topline now particularly in the earlier this year required the Depart- ing my concern that projected defense outyears, to restore the balance to our ment of Defense to absorb almost the budgets are not sufficient from four defense program. We also need to rein- entire cost of these contingency oper- standpoints: First, to maintain the state the firewalls. ations—the very practice that had been current readiness of our forces; second, And I congratulate the chairman of criticized in the past. In fact, the to provide the standard of living that the committee and the members of the House leadership wrote to the Presi- military personnel and their families Budget Committee for doing this in the dent earlier this year stating their in- expect and deserve; third, supporting resolution. That is enormously impor- tention that as a matter of policy all the force structure necessary to carry tant to protect any defense increases future supplementals would have to be out the full range of missions that we we are able to achieve and to provide offset. expect our military forces to be able to some stability in the defense budget. This resolution would essentially perform; and fourth, to provide for the Firewalls have not and will not mean adopt that same approach by requiring modernization that is the key to the that defense cannot be cut. What it 60 votes for any future emergency future capability of those forces. The does mean is that these cuts will not be supplementals, instead of a majority modernization of our forces, which is shifted to other programs, and that vote as has been the case in the past. essential to future readiness, is an area means that if there are defense cuts Of course this only applies to discre- of increasing concern, Mr. President, and the firewalls are in, then the cuts tionary funding, since entitlement pro- and this is an area where we are most will go to deficit reduction. I believe grams could continue to increase with- deficient today. that is appropriate, and I think that is out even requiring votes, let alone The men and women in the military the way that defense is best protected. supermajority votes. continue to perform superbly every We have been reducing the defense Mr. President, I have several con- time they are called on, and we are budget for a long time. The current cerns with the approach the Congress

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7195 has taken on supplementals so far this And even within the operating budg- from now, people will have a very seri- year. The defense supplemental did not et, there are further constraints. A ous problem with readiness if we con- provide the net increase in defense large portion of the operating account tinue to declare there is no emergency spending for readiness that was re- is civilian pay, so you cannot save even when our forces are responding to quested by the Clinton Administration, money there without firing civilians. the unanticipated events that we all despite the concerns many of my col- And you cannot cut really cut the know will take place somewhere in the leagues have expressed about readiness. money to operate the bases—you have world from time to time. The cost of these contingencies were to pay the light bill. So the areas Gen- This is why I am supporting this made up almost entirely by cutting eral Sullivan is talking about—train- amendment to increase the defense elsewhere in the defense budget, and ing, maintenance and repair of the topline number. We have cut the de- those cuts came in modernization. buildings on our military bases—are So the scorecard so far in this new the only areas where the military has fense budget so much already that Congress is that the defense budget, as the flexibility to change its plans half- there is very little flexibility left to it now stands, counting the supple- way through the year. And in fact that deal with the unexpected, even though mental, is below what President Clin- is exactly what happened last year— we all know that the Defense Depart- ton had asked for. So to those in the money had to be diverted from train- ment always has to be ready for the Congress of the United States who are ing. unexpected—we expect them to be saying the Clinton defense budget is In addition to my concerns about the ready for the unexpected. And I am too low, and people on both side of the financial impact on the Defense De- very concerned that as we struggle to aisle are saying that, I say to them we partment if this bill is viewed as a live within these drastically reduced are cutting below the President’s budg- precedent, I also share the concerns ex- budgets without further reducing our et, not in this resolution, but in the pressed by my friend Senator INOUYE military capability, the Congress will, overall supplemental and that ap- about the long-term policy implica- acting in good faith to preserve readi- proach. tions of telling the military any future ness, make cuts that will cause great I am also troubled by the impact that contingency they are involved in is harm over the long term. a policy of making DOD absorb the full going to come out of their budget dol- You need look no further than the cost of these contingencies could have lar for dollar. This is going to have an supplemental enacted earlier this on the defense budget and on defense impact on their ability and their will- spring to see the warning signs. What management. It largely defeats the ingness to respond to situations like was cut to offset the cost of contin- purpose of having supplementals, and I Haiti or Cuba, or especially a much gency operations? Basic science and can already predict some of the prob- more expensive operation like peace technology research. Dual-use tech- lems we are going to have with this enforcement in Bosnia, in the future. nology programs that are designed to policy. In effect, we could have our funding better integrate our defense and civil- I am not sure we have really thought and budgeting procedures dictating our ian technology bases in order to get through the impact of what we may be foreign policy and our decisions on the the Defense Department better tech- doing to the military with this 100 per- use of force. nology at lower cost. In other words, I hope we do not set in concrete a cent offset approach. Earlier this year, programs that will pay off in the long policy of making the Defense Depart- Gen. Gordon Sullivan, the Chief of term but seem easy to cut in the short ment absorb the costs of contingency Staff of the Army, told the Armed term. Services Committee that if the Con- operations, because if we are telling gress adopts a policy of forcing the the Department of Defense that any Another example is environmental military to completely offset the costs time there is an emergency that comes cleanup at military installations, of any contingency operation: up and they come over and request sup- which was cut by $300 million in the * * * it is just going to destroy our train- plemental funds that they are going to supplemental. Is this program as im- ing programs, our quality of life programs, have to provide a 100-percent offset, portant to our combat capability as and it is going to be difficult to manage the then we are going to change the nature funding training and modernization? Of readiness of the force * * *. It is going to of the responsiveness of the Depart- course not. But the reason that envi- come out of reducing real property mainte- ment of Defense itself to the missions ronmental cleanup costs are so high nance. We may have to furlough civilians, that may, indeed, be crucial to our Na- now is that for years these problems terminate termporary employees, curtail supply requests, park vehicles, reduce envi- tion’s security. were ignored. And if we push them ronmental compliance. It is going to have a If the Department of Defense is told under the rug again, we are only going major impact. that any unanticipated operation they to wind up with an even bigger bill General Sullivan said that in the undertake, either unilaterally or with down the road. NATO or the United Nations, is going event the military is told to assist a CONCLUSION large-scale evacuation of U.N. per- to have to be completely offset within sonnel from Croatia: the defense budget, which means they In conclusion, Mr. President, so far are going to have to basically kill or we have seen a lot more talk than ac- I just have to stop training, and I will have to move money around from elsewhere to substantially alter crucial defense pro- tion about enhancing our national se- keep that operation going since obviously grams in order to absorb those costs, curity and increasing the defense budg- what you expect me to do is to fight and win then the result is going to be a very et. Many of my colleagues share my you wars. So, I will have to get the money strong signal that the United States is concern that we have cut the defense from people who are not doing that to sup- not going to be as involved as we have budget too far, too fast and that we are port it. been in world affairs, including com- mortgaging our future by sacrificing Now that may sound like an exag- mitments to our allies and commit- the capability of our forces 10 years geration to some, but if you under- ments that we have voted for at the down the road in order to fully fund stand the laws that govern the defense U.N. Security Council. current readiness. The Thurmond- budget, you will see why General Sulli- MODERNIZATION FUNDS ARE THE FIRST TO BE McCain amendment represents real ac- van’s comments are right on target. CUT tion to enhance our national defense The cost of an operation, such as pay- The future readiness and future capa- while at the same time putting us on a ing for the airlift to get there, the fuel, bility of the Defense Department re- path to a balanced budget, and I urge spare parts, and so on, must come out quires modernization and it requires my colleagues to support it. of the operating budget. The military research and development, and those does not have the authority to fund are the programs that were cut to fund I ask unanimous consent that a table contingency costs by diverting funds the defense supplemental earlier this showing real reductions in the defense from the procurement of weapons, or year, and those are the programs that budget be printed in the RECORD. from research or military construction will continue to be hurt by this policy There being no objection, the table or military personnel accounts, even if of requiring complete offsets for con- was ordered to be printed in the they wanted to. tingency operations. Five or ten years RECORD, as follows:

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1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Nat Def BA (current dollars) ...... $143.9 $294.7 $303.3 $263.5 $257.7 $253.4 $259.6 $266.2 $276.0 $275.9 $275.9 DOD fiscal year 1996 deflators 1 ...... 0.5383 0.7130 0.8378 0.9727 1.0000 1.0294 1.0595 1.0900 1.1195 1.1494 1.1801 NAT Def BA Const (1996 dollars) ...... $267.2 $413.3 $362.0 $270.9 $257.7 $246.2 $245.0 $244.2 $246.5 $240.0 $233.8 GDP (CBO estimates) ...... $3,746 $4,207 $4,853 $7,036 $7,370 $7,747 $8,152 $8,572 $9,013 $9,843 $9,978 Defense BA as percent of GDP ...... 3.8 7.0 6.2 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 1 CBO assumes higher inflation.

Real Changes not and must not legitimize a blueprint our military capabilities, then they (In percent) for disaster by approving these kinds of ought to oppose the Thurmond-McCain 1980–85 ...... 54.6 defense numbers. amendment. It is as simple as that. If 1985–90 ...... ¥12.4 Mr. President, I am troubled that the you do not want to give our Armed 1990–95 ...... ¥25.2 Budget Committee has endorsed the Forces what they deserve, then go ¥ 1995–2000 ...... 9.0 Clinton defense numbers. These spend- ahead and oppose the amendment. But 1980–1990 ...... 35.4 1985–1995 ...... ¥34.5 ing totals are simply inadequate to if you share the view of the majority of 1990–2000 ...... ¥31.9 safeguard our national security. And Americans that this President has gone 1980–1995 ...... 1.4 they are already having a very serious too far with these military reductions 1985–2000 ...... ¥40.3 effect on readiness. and our international security is in 1980–2000 ...... ¥7.7 I am also troubled that the President jeopardy, you should support the Thur- 1980–2002 ...... ¥12.5 has chosen to blame Congress for cur- mond-McCain amendment. 1985–2002 ...... ¥43.4 rent deficiencies in military readiness. ¥ In conclusion, I want to emphasize 1990–2002 ...... 35.4 I would emphasize that this is the same 1995–2002 ...... ¥13.7 this amendment does not add to the administration that entered office and deficit, it will not undermine the bal- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- immediately cut defense by $178 bil- anced budget, and it will restore much ator’s time has expired. lion, the same administration that has needed funds back to our defense pro- Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I thank dramatically underfunded operations, gram to stave off an imminent disaster my colleague from South Carolina and maintenance, and readiness moderniza- in military readiness. my colleague from Arizona for spon- tion and quality of life programs for I yield back any time I may have. soring this amendment. I urge my col- our military families. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who leagues to support the amendment. This is the same administration that yields time? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who has turned our Armed Forces into a 911 Mr. THURMOND. Does the opposi- yields time? force all over the world on behalf of the tion have any speakers, Mr. President? Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I United Nations, and yet we ask more Mr. President, we will have to charge yield 5 minutes to the distinguished and more and more and give them less time over there. Senator from New Hampshire. and less and less. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- This is the same administration that ator from New Hampshire. yields time? committed our military forces to oc- Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I Mr. SMITH. I thank the Senator cupy Haiti without the consent of Con- from South Carolina, the chairman of ask again, does the opposition have gress, costing taxpayers hundreds of any speakers? the Armed Services Committee, for of- millions of dollars. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I suggest fering this amendment, along with This is the same administration that the absence of a quorum and the time Senator MCCAIN. turned our naval base at Guantanamo be equally charged. I commend both of my colleagues for into a refugee camp leaving the De- Mr. McCAIN. I object. this amendment to restore much need- fense Department stuck footing the bill ed funds to our defense program and to to feed, clothe and bathe thousands of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- do it without adding to the deficit but refugees indefinitely while subjected to tion is heard. by setting priorities throughout the the insults of many of them. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I budget, including the defense budget. I This is the same administration that yield 5 minutes to Senator LOTT. might add that that also has priorities has pledged $4 billion in nuclear reac- Mr. DOMENICI. We have an addi- shuffled around in order to help with tors for North Korea at the time we are tional 10 minutes we can yield, too. this amendment. spending tens of billions of dollars to Why do I not yield 5 of the 10 I have to I want to emphasize from the outset, defend against a North Korean military Senator LOTT. again, it does not undermine the objec- threat. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, if I could tive of a balanced budget by the year I find these types of inconsistency make a parliamentary inquiry, but not 2002. This amendment will not change preposterous. The truth is that the counted against my time, what is the that objective in any way. We still get Clinton defense program is decimating status? Are we going to try to get some to a balanced budget by the year 2002. our Armed Forces. Personnel tempo is debate back and forth, or should I pro- But what this amendment does do is going through the roof, our troops are ceed at this point? to help stave off terrible shortfalls in being constantly deployed all over the Mr. DOMENICI. I do not see how we military readiness training and mod- world from Haiti to Somalia to South- can make them do that if they do not— ernization. We owe it to our troops in west Asia and back home, with little or the best we can do is put a quorum call the field to have the training and mod- no time to spend with their families, in. When you put a quorum call in, ernization that they deserve if we are and they are out again going someplace under the statute, it is charged equally going to ask them to go into harm’s else. to both sides. way. I urge my colleagues to talk to them, The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is The defense reductions under Presi- talk to the military personnel, talk to charged to the side who suggests it. dent Clinton’s budget, frankly, are their families and find out how tough Mr. DOMENICI. We have two alter- wreaking havoc on our military capa- this is. natives. We can wait around and see if bility. Most of us in this Chamber Depot maintenance backlogs are in- they suggest it or, if they do not, then know that, especially those of us who creasing; critical modernization pro- we can just let the time run and it is are on the Armed Services Committee grams are being terminated; morale is equally charged. The Senator asked who see it every day. down; retention is down; 25 percent of that it be equally charged under a UC? I hope that my colleagues would lis- our Army divisions were recently clas- Mr. EXON. Yes. ten carefully to those of us on the sified as unprepared to meet their mis- Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. What we are at- Armed Services Committee in both sion requirements. tempting to do is unsnarl a potential parties who have spoken so eloquently Mr. President, if Senators support problem. If we can have a moment to on this matter. This body simply can- this blueprint, which is so devastating talk we might be able to unsnarl it.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7197 Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Feingold Kennedy Murray Simpson Specter Thompson unanimous consent that we have 5 min- Feinstein Kerrey Nunn Smith Stevens Thurmond Ford Kerry Pell Snowe Thomas utes charged to no one. Glenn Kohl Pryor Mr. EXON. There is a suspicion some- Graham Lautenberg Reid NAYS—50 body is trying to fool somebody else. Harkin Leahy Robb Akaka Ford Levin Heflin Levin Rockefeller Bingaman Glenn Lieberman Mr. DOMENICI. Five minutes Hollings Lieberman Sarbanes Boxer Gorton Mikulski charged to neither side. Inouye Mikulski Simon Bradley Graham Moseley-Braun Jeffords Moseley-Braun The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Wellstone Breaux Harkin Moynihan Johnston Moynihan objection, it is so ordered. Bryan Hatfield Murray Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I sug- NAYS—53 Bumpers Heflin Nunn Burns Hollings Pell gest the absence of a quorum and that Abraham Frist McConnell Byrd Inouye Pryor Ashcroft Gorton Murkowski Cohen Johnston the time be charged to neither side. Reid Bennett Gramm Nickles Conrad Kassebaum The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Robb Bond Grams Packwood Daschle Kennedy Rockefeller objection, it is so ordered. The clerk Brown Grassley Pressler Dodd Kerrey Sarbanes will call the roll. Burns Gregg Roth Domenici Kerry Simon The assistant legislative clerk pro- Campbell Hatch Santorum Dorgan Kohl Warner Chafee Hatfield Shelby Exon Lautenberg ceeded to call the roll. Coats Helms Wellstone Simpson Feinstein Leahy Cochran Hutchison Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Smith Cohen Inhofe So, the amendment (No. 1121) was re- unanimous consent that the order for Snowe Coverdell Kassebaum jected. the quorum call be rescinded. Craig Kempthorne Specter The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without D’Amato Kyl Stevens Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I move to objection, it is so ordered. DeWine Lott Thomas reconsider the vote. Thompson Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, we Dole Lugar Domenici Mack Thurmond Mr. LEVIN. I move to lay that mo- have to advise Senators that the time Faircloth McCain Warner tion on the table. has come to start a vote shortly. So I The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GOR- The motion to lay on the table was ask unanimous consent that at 3:45 TON). On this question, the yeas are 47, agreed to. p.m., the Senate proceed to vote on the the nays are 53. Three-fifths of the Sen- VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1123 stacked votes that had been postponed ators duly chosen and sworn not having earlier today, in the following se- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The voted in the affirmative, the motion is quence: The Bradley motion to waive; question now occurs on agreeing to the rejected. on or in relation to the Roth amend- Gramm amendment, No. 1123. The point of order is sustained. ment; on or in relation to the Gramm Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I ask for The amendment falls. amendment; on or in relation to the the yeas and nays. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I EXON amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a move to reconsider the vote. I further ask unanimous consent that sufficient second? Mr. BRADLEY. I move to lay that the first vote in the voting sequence be motion on the table. There is a sufficient second. 20 minutes and that thereafter they be The motion to lay on the table was The yeas and nays were ordered. limited to 10 minutes each. agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- clerk will call the roll. objection, it is so ordered. ator from Iowa. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I fur- The assistant legislative clerk called ther ask unanimous consent that fol- PRIVILEGE OF THE CHAIR—SENATE CONCURRENT the roll. lowing the conclusion of the stacked RESOLUTION 13 The result was announced—yeas 31, votes, the Senate resume the pending Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask nays 69, as follows: unanimous consent that Don Wiberg amendment, which would be placed in [Rollcall Vote No. 178 Leg.] from the American Association for the status quo. YEAS—31 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Advancement of Science, a science fel- objection, it is so ordered. low in my office, be granted the privi- Abraham Gramm McCain lege of the floor for the duration of de- Ashcroft Grams McConnell Mr. DOMENICI. I suggest the absence Bennett Hatch Nickles of a quorum until 3:45 p.m. bate on this bill. Brown Helms Roth The PRESIDING OFFICER. With the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Campbell Hutchison Santorum Coats Inhofe time to be equally divided? objection, it is so ordered. Shelby Coverdell Kempthorne Smith VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1121 Mr. DOMENICI. That is fine. Craig Kyl Thompson Dole Lott The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Thurmond Faircloth Lugar clerk will call the roll. question is on agreeing to the Roth Frist Mack The assistant legislative clerk pro- amendment, No. 1121. The yeas and ceeded to call the roll. nays have been ordered. NAYS—69 Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- The clerk will call the roll. Akaka Feingold Lieberman imous consent that the order for the The legislative clerk called the roll. Baucus Feinstein Mikulski Biden Ford Moseley-Braun quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Bingaman Glenn Moynihan The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without any Senators in the Chamber who de- Bond Gorton Murkowski objection, it is so ordered. sire to change their votes? Boxer Graham Murray Bradley Grassley Nunn The PRESIDING OFFICER. The vote The result was announced, yeas 50, Breaux Gregg Packwood on the EXON motion to waive the Budg- nays 50, as follows: Bryan Harkin Pell et Act is in order. [Rollcall Vote No. 177 Leg.] Bumpers Hatfield Pressler The yeas and nays have been ordered. Burns Heflin Pryor YEAS—50 Byrd Hollings Reid The clerk will call the roll. Abraham DeWine Kempthorne Chafee Inouye Robb The assistant legislative clerk called Ashcroft Dole Kyl Cochran Jeffords Rockefeller the roll. Baucus Faircloth Lott Cohen Johnston Sarbanes The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 47, Bennett Feingold Lugar Conrad Kassebaum Simon Biden Frist Mack D’Amato Kennedy Simpson nays 53, as follows: Bond Gramm McCain Daschle Kerrey Snowe [Rollcall Vote No. 176 Leg.] Brown Grams McConnell DeWine Kerry Specter Campbell Grassley Murkowski Dodd Kohl Stevens YEAS—47 Chafee Gregg Nickles Domenici Lautenberg Thomas Akaka Bradley Conrad Coats Hatch Packwood Dorgan Leahy Warner Baucus Breaux Daschle Cochran Helms Pressler Exon Levin Wellstone Biden Bryan Dodd Coverdell Hutchison Roth Bingaman Bumpers Dorgan Craig Inhofe Santorum So the amendment (No. 1123) was re- Boxer Byrd Exon D’Amato Jeffords Shelby jected.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I consideration of the amendment by the VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1125 move to reconsider the vote by which Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON]. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the amendment was rejected. Mr. DOLE. Following that, there will question is on agreeing to the Thur- Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion be a vote on the amendment by the mond amendment, numbered 1125. on the table. Senator from South Carolina [Mr. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I The motion to lay on the table was THURMOND] and the Senator from Ari- ask for the yeas and nays. agreed to. zona [Mr. MCCAIN]? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The next sufficient second? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- vote would be a vote on the Thurmond There is a sufficient second. ator from New Mexico. amendment, debate on which is not yet The yeas and nays were ordered. UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENTS concluded. The clerk will call the roll. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. DOLE. As I understand, time has The bill clerk called the roll. want to put several unanimous-consent been yielded back. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. requests which will finish out the day The PRESIDING OFFICER. Time has BROWN). Are there any other Senators and set the amendments in order for been yielded back by consent. in the Chamber desiring to vote? today and early morning. ORDER OF PROCEDURE The result was announced—yeas 40, I ask unanimous consent that all the nays 60, as follows: time be yielded back on the Thurmond Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I advise [Rollcall Vote No. 180 Leg.] amendment and that the Senate pro- my colleagues, that will be the last ceed to a vote on that amendment vote today. We will continue to work YEAS—40 without any intervening action or de- on the measure until we are down to 4 Abraham Gramm Murkowski bate after the disposition of the Exon hours remaining, but there will be no Ashcroft Grams Nickles more votes. Bennett Hatch Nunn amendment. Burns Heflin Santorum The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, is it Campbell Helms Shelby objection, it is so ordered. still in order to reserve the right to ob- Chafee Hutchison Smith Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, fur- ject? We could not hear the unanimous- Coats Inhofe Snowe Cochran Kempthorne Stevens ther, I ask unanimous consent that im- consent requests. Cohen Kyl Thomas Mr. DOMENICI. It says ‘‘on the Coverdell Lieberman mediately following the disposition of Thompson Craig Lott the Thurmond amendment, Senator amendment.’’ It means up or down. We Thurmond Dole Mack HARKIN be recognized to offer an had agreed to that and that was in the Faircloth McCain Warner amendment on which there be 15 min- unanimous-consent request. Frist McConnell utes under the control of Senator HAR- VOTE ON MOTION TO WAIVE THE BUDGET ACT NAYS—60 KIN and 5 minutes under the control of FOR CONSIDERATION OF AMENDMENT NO. 1124 Akaka Feingold Leahy Senator DOMENICI; that no amendments The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Baucus Feinstein Levin be in order to that amendment; and question occurs on agreeing to the mo- Biden Ford Lugar that following the conclusion of the tion to waive the Budget Act for the Bingaman Glenn Mikulski Bond Gorton Moseley-Braun time on that amendment, it be laid consideration of amendment No. 1124, Boxer Graham Moynihan aside. offered by the Senator from Nebraska Bradley Grassley Murray The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without [Mr. EXON]. The yeas and nays have Breaux Gregg Packwood objection, it is so ordered. been ordered. The clerk will call the Brown Harkin Pell Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I fur- Bryan Hatfield Pressler roll. Bumpers Hollings Pryor ther ask unanimous consent that fol- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 47, Byrd Inouye Reid lowing the debate on the Harkin nays 53, as follows: Conrad Jeffords Robb D’Amato Johnston Rockefeller amendment, Senator FEINGOLD be rec- [Rollcall Vote No. 179 Leg.] ognized to offer an amendment on Daschle Kassebaum Roth YEAS—47 DeWine Kennedy Sarbanes which there be 20 minutes under the Dodd Kerrey Simon Akaka Feinstein Levin control of Senator FEINGOLD, 20 min- Domenici Kerry Simpson Baucus Ford Lieberman utes under Senator DOMENICI’s control, Dorgan Kohl Specter Biden Glenn Mikulski Exon Lautenberg Wellstone 10 of which will belong to the Senator Bingaman Graham Moseley-Braun from Alaska, Senator MURKOWSKI; that Boxer Harkin Moynihan So the amendment (No. 1125) was re- Bradley Heflin Murray jected. no amendments be in order to the Fein- Breaux Hollings gold amendment; and that following Nunn The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Bryan Inouye Pell Bumpers Jeffords the previous order of the Senate, the the conclusion of time it be laid aside. Pryor Byrd Johnston The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Reid Senator from Iowa is recognized to Conrad Kennedy Robb offer an amendment. The time is di- objection, it is so ordered. Daschle Kerrey Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Dodd Kerry Rockefeller vided, according to that agreement, 15 unanimous consent that the first vote Dorgan Kohl Sarbanes minutes for the Senator from Iowa and Simon on the Harkin amendment be limited Exon Lautenberg 5 minutes for the Senator from New Feingold Leahy Wellstone to 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute Mexico. vote on the Feingold amendment, to NAYS—53 f occur Wednesday at a time to be deter- Abraham Frist McConnell mined by the two leaders. Ashcroft Gorton Murkowski CHANGE OF VOTE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Bennett Gramm Nickles Bond Grams Packwood Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I objection, it is so ordered. Brown Grassley Pressler wonder if the Senator from Iowa would Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Burns Gregg Roth yield for a unanimous-consent request unanimous consent that following the Campbell Hatch Santorum Chafee Hatfield Shelby in regard to a vote. conclusion of the debate on the Fein- Coats Helms Simpson Mr. HARKIN. Yes. gold amendment this evening, Senator Cochran Hutchison Smith Cohen Inhofe The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- SNOWE be recognized to offer an amend- Snowe ment. Coverdell Kassebaum ator from Alaska is recognized. Craig Kempthorne Specter Mr. MURKOWSKI. I thank the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without D’Amato Kyl Stevens objection, it is so ordered. DeWine Lott Thomas Mr. President, on rollcall vote No. Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. Dole Lugar Thompson 178, I am embarrassed to say that I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Domenici Mack Thurmond voted yes. It was my intention to vote Warner jority leader. Faircloth McCain no. I have been a proponent of the posi- Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, what is the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion of no. Therefore, I would ask pending business? point of order is sustained and the unanimous consent that I be permitted The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mo- amendment falls because it is not ger- to change my vote. This will in no way tion to waive the Budget Act for the mane to the underlying resolution. change the outcome of the vote.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7199 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by Mr. President, I keep picking up objection to the request? $3,400,000,000. these articles. I know Senator BYRD The Chair hears none, and it is so or- On page 66, line 24, decrease the amount by earlier talked about the articles that $10,000,000,000. dered. On page 66, line 25, decrease the amount by were in the Washington Post: Billions Mr. MURKOWSKI. I thank the Chair. $6,200,000,000. go astray often without a trace in the I apologize to my colleagues. On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by Defense Department is the headline in (The foregoing tally has been $10,000,000,000. this recent story on Pentagon waste. It changed to reflect the above order.) On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by says the Department has spent $15 bil- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- $6,200,000,000. lion it cannot account for over the past ator from Iowa is recognized. On page 67, line 6, decrease the amount by decade. And Pentagon purchasing $10,000,000,000. Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Chair. I un- On page 67, line 7, decrease the amount by agents appear to have overdrawn Gov- derstand I have 15 minutes, is that $6,200,000,000. ernment checking accounts by at least right? On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by $7 billion in payment for goods and AMENDMENT NO. 1126 $10,000,000,000. services with little or no account- (Purpose: To reduce unnecessary military On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by ability. $6,200,000,000. spending, holding military spending to a You want to talk about waste and in- freeze in overall spending over 7 years pro- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, we have efficiency, start reading some of these tecting readiness and modernization ac- before us a proposed budget that cuts articles about waste and inefficiency in tivities and shifting the savings to edu- over $1 trillion in Federal spending. It cation and job training, restoring a portion the Defense Department. It boggles the cuts health, education, training, vet- mind and it picks taxpayers’ pockets. of the reductions proposed for those pro- erans, and virtually everything else grams in the resolution) but for one item. The Pentagon is in- I also want to point to a scandal that Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I have creased by $34.5 billion over what a happened last December in the Air an amendment at the desk. I ask for its hard freeze would be over the 7 years. Force, and to my knowledge it still has immediate consideration. Simply put, this budget jeopardizes our not been resolved—a scandal. Gen. Jo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The long-term national security by failing seph W. Ashy was in Italy. He wanted clerk will report. to invest in education, training, and in- to get to the U.S. Space Command in The legislative clerk read as follows: frastructure in order to preserve a Denver, CO. He could have flown com- The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HARKIN], for bloated Pentagon budget and its cold mercially, could have gotten on a himself and Mr. BUMPERS, proposes an war relics. United Airlines flight. No, he got an amendment numbered 1126. Mr. President, the cold war is over, I Air Force C–141 transport jet that flew Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask would like to inform everyone. And empty from here to Italy, picked him unanimous consent that reading of the guess what? We won. up and flew him to Colorado at an esti- amendment be dispensed with. First let me explain exactly what my mated cost of $120,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without amendment does. My amendment will Did he fly alone? No, he took his cat objection, it is so ordered. provide over the next 7 years for a hard with him. I guess he paid $85 for his The amendment is as follows: freeze for Pentagon spending. cat. But he listed on the manifest that On page 12, line 3, decrease the amount by Now, for the next 3 years, my amend- his wife was going to be with him, that $4,800,000,000. ment would track exactly what the she was traveling with him. His wife On page 12, line 4, decrease the amount by Budget Committee does—exactly. For was already in Colorado, and it turned $1,000,000,000. 1996, 1997, and 1998, my amendment out that there was a young Air Force On page 12, line 10, decrease the amount by $10,000,000,000. would provide the same funding for the aide, a 21-year-old senior airman On page 12, line 11, decrease the amount by Pentagon as does the Republicans’ Christa Hart, a young woman traveling $3,400,000,000. budget proposal. with him, and she was not even listed On page 12, line 17, decrease the amount by Beginning then in 1999, 2000, 2001, and on the manifest but his wife was. $10,000,000,000. 2002, I increase spending for defense but You wonder why she was on that On page 12, line 18, decrease the amount by not as much as the Budget Committee. flight with him, at a cost of $120,000 to $6,200,000,000. For example, in 1999, the Budget fly this general. And the Air Force On page 12, line 24, decrease the amount by Committee provides $266.2 billion for $10,000,000,000. tried covering it up, and as far as I On page 12, line 25, decrease the amount by defense. My amendment would provide know they still have not explained it $6,200,000,000. $261.4, less than $5 billion less. So I except to say that no regulations were On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by track it, but what happens is over the broken. 7 years my amendment freezes it—over $4,800,000,000. Well, I might just say that one-way, On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by the 7 years—and thus saves $34.8 bil- first-class fare from Rome to Colorado $1,000,000,000. lion. Springs is $1,617. But, no, General Ashy On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by My amendment would take that $34.8 had to fly himself and his young female $10,000,000,000. billion and put it into function 500, On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by aide and his cat in a C–141 for $120,000, which is education and job training. $3,400,000,000. and they still have not fessed up to it. Education and job training is way On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by And I will bet you General Ashy will below a hard freeze in the committee $10,000,000,000. not even get his wrist slapped for wast- bill. The Defense Department, the Pen- On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by ing taxpayers’ dollars like that. $6,200,000,000. tagon is above a hard freeze. I am On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by bringing the Pentagon down to a hard So there is a lot of waste in that Pen- $10,000,000,000. freeze, taking that money, putting it tagon that we can clamp down on, and On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by into education and job training to I think if they have a hard freeze over $6,200,000,000. bring it up to just under a hard freeze. 7 years, then maybe they will start On page 66, line 10, decrease the amount by It still would be below a hard freeze doing a little bit better accounting and $4,800,000,000. they will start knocking out these lux- On page 66, line 11, decrease the amount by level of funding for education and job $1,000,000,000. training, but at least it brings it up ury flights for generals and their cats On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by close to a hard freeze. and their 21-year-old female aides. $4,800,000,000. But I wanted to make the point very The real story is here in the chart I On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by clear, that for the first 3 years my have here as to why we do not need to $1,000,000,000. amendment spends the same thing on continue to increase Pentagon spend- On page 66, line 17, decrease the amount by defense as does the Budget Committee. ing. This chart illustrates how much $10,000,000,000. On page 66, line 18, decrease the amount by And so those who would like to just the United States is spending this year $3,400,000,000. kind of freeze everything, well, this is on the military. It says $260 billion. Ac- On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by a freeze amendment. It freezes Pen- tually, it is $261 billion. Our NATO and $10,000,000,000. tagon spending for the next 7 years. other allies will spend $250.9 billion. So

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 total U.S., NATO, and our allies spend- the government budget, which will take ef- ‘‘This Duma has never understood the ing, $510 billion this year, fiscal year fect April 1. That budget saddles Russia with problems of the Army. It is absolutely indif- 1995 on defense. a deficit of about 73 trillion rubles ($18 bil- ferent to the defense capacity of Russia,’’ the Well, what is the rest of the world lion), or 8 percent of gross national product. newspaper said. The argument over the Russian defense The Russian Defense Ministry also is under doing? How about our potential adver- budget has been particularly contentious, es- saries? Here is Russia, $12 billion this fire for its handling of the crisis in pecially since the costly invasion of the sep- Chechnya, and President has year. aratist region of Chechnya in December. promised to pursue long-overdue changes in In fact, last year the sum in Russia Grachev has argued that a defense spend- the Army, which suffered humiliating losses was $79 billion. This year, Russia cut ing level of 46 trillion rubles will affect read- to partisan fighters in Chechnya. iness, equipment maintenance and troop mo- military spending from $79 billion to ‘‘Chechnya has convinced us once again rale, all of which have been in a downward $12 billion this year. that we are too late in conducting military spiral since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Mr. President, I will ask consent to reform. We must not delay any more. The In a front-page appeal to parliament in the have an article printed in the RECORD Army is starting to disintegrate,’’ Yeltsin Defense Ministry daily Krasnaya Zvezda on said Feb. 23. about the Russian budget. The military March 10, the ministry warned that ‘‘par- defense officials in Russia have called liament has one last chance to prove that But military officials, complaining of a it a disaster, but the Parliament did the armed forces is not a stepchild.’’ lack of money, said reform can be carried not listen to them. They went ahead In the past several weeks Krasnaya Zvezda out only if it is properly funded. ‘‘Without and cut it to $12 billion. has warned that a demoralized armed forces, funding, there will be no reform,’’ Grachev I ask unanimous consent to have without the resources to train or even house said in the parliament March 16. that printed in the RECORD. troops, may not be politically reliable if the According to Pavel Felgenhauer, a mili- There being no objection, the article government is forced to quash a coup as it tary analyst with the daily newspaper was ordered to be printed in the did in October 1993. Sevodnya, Russia’s armed forces must be re- On March 15, Russian soldiers suffered an organized quickly to avoid more combat RECORD, as follows: additional setback when the Duma voted to deaths in the war-torn northern Caucasus re- RUSSIAN MOD LABELS BUDGET A spend 1 trillion rubles ($250 million) to pur- gion and in Tadzhikistan, where Russian sol- CATASTROPHE chase weapons from the ailing defense indus- diers are bolstering the government in a civil (By Anton Zhigulsky) try. war. MOSCOW.—Members of Russia’s parliament, The money had been earmarked earlier for ‘‘The situation in the Army is beginning to failing to heed the military’s call for in- the Army’s day-to-day needs, such as hous- get out of control. The new budget doesn’t creased funding, set defense spending for 1995 ing and provisions, but deputies decided to allow Russia to keep the Army as it is. A at 46.5 trillion rubles ($12 billion). aid the cash-strapped defense factories in- combat-ready professional army will have to Defense Ministry officials have lobbied the stead. be started urgently, within 12 to 18 months,’’ government during the past several months Finance Minister Vladimir Panskov ac- Felgenhauer said. for a budget more than twice as large—up to knowledged that the 1995 military budget is 110 trillion rubles ($29 billion). ‘‘tough and even cruel,’’ but said the state Mr. HARKIN. I also ask unanimous Defense Minister Pavel Grachev called the could provide no more. consent to have printed in the RECORD budget ‘‘a total catastrophe for the Army.’’ ‘‘There are matters of principle on which a table that indicates what my amend- The spending plan as passed put the future of there can be no concessions,’’ he told the ment would do in terms of budget au- the armed forces ‘‘under threat,’’ he said deputies. thority and budget outlays. after the March 15 vote. ‘‘It is a sin to keep Krasnaya Zvezda blasted the vote, stating an army in poverty and half-starved.’’ the following day that it would be easier to There being no objection, the table On March 15 parliament’s lower house, the disband the Army completely than to subject was ordered to be printed in the Duma, passed the fourth and final draft of it to the budget. RECORD, as follows:

Fiscal year— 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total

Budget authority: Committee ...... 261 .4 257 .7 253 .4 259 .6 266.2 276.0 275.9 275.9 1864.6 Harkin ...... 261.4 257 .7 253 .4 259.6 261.4 266.0 265.9 265.9 1829.8 Savings ...... 0 0 0 0 4.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 34.8

Budget outlays: Committee ...... 269 .6 261 .1 257 .0 254 .5 259.6 267.8 267.7 269.2 1836.9 Harkin ...... 269.6 261 .1 257 .0 254.5 258.6 264.4 261.1 263.0 1820.1 Savings ...... 0 0 0 0 1.0 3.4 6.2 6.2 16.8

Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, what cut education, cut job training, cut Mr. President, I am sure you are this chart says is that the United Head Start, cut Pell grants. That sim- going to hear from the opponents of States and its allies are spending al- ply defies common sense. this modest amendment Senator BUMP- most 10 times more than all of our po- We had this other chart yesterday ERS and I are offering the argument, tential adversaries put together. Here when we talked about education. Look ‘‘Well, if we freeze it, it is going to cut is Russia at $12 billion; China, 27.4 bil- at what is happening. Here is the line into readiness, our ability to respond.’’ lion; North Korea, $5.3 billion; Iraq, $2.6 that shows the cost of going to State billion; Iran, $2.3 billion. Libya, Syria, universities per year, rising by the That is simply not true. This amend- and Cuba spend even less. year 2002 to about $8,000 a year. Here is ment would fully protect readiness and You total up all of our potential ad- line for Pell grants that student rely modernization. Believe me, there are versaries—and I put Russia in there on, going from $2,590 down to $1,500, al- places we can cut that have nothing to even though Russia is not a potential most a 40 percent cut in Pell grants do with readiness or modernization. We adversary at this time; and we have over the same year—a 40 percent cut in can cut out some of this high-flying diplomatic relations with China—you Pell grants. That is what we are being stuff that General Ashy was doing. add them all up and it comes to $54.37 asked to do. But, at the same time, we billion. That is in the whole world are being asked to increase military Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- what our adversaries are spending. We spending. sent to have printed in the RECORD an are spending $510 billion total; for the Mr. President, how much time do I article regarding General Ashy and his United States, $260 billion. have remaining? $120,000 flight last December. If you just look at the United States, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- There being no objection, the article we are spending almost five times more ator has 5 minutes remaining of his was ordered to be printed in the time. than all of our adversaries put to- RECORD, as follows: gether. And yet the budget before us Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask to says it is not enough. We are going to be notified when I have 3 minutes re- increase it in the next 7 years, while we maining.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7201 [From the Washington Post, Dec. 9, 1994] the flight,’’ Vander Schaaf said in a memo- waste and a lot of inefficiency in the AIR FARE, ROME TO COLORADO: $120,000; GEN- randum Tuesday to Defense Secretary Wil- Pentagon that can and should be elimi- ERAL’S COSTLY FLIGHT RUNS INTO FLAK ON liam J. Perry. nated. HILL (BUT THE CAT PAID) Ashy had no idea until he got on the flight, according to Gauci, that a C–141 had been Quite frankly, when you look at the (By John F. Harris) dispatched especially for him. defense budget, what it is now is a jobs A commercial flight was leaving the next When an aide contacted the Air Mobility program. That is what we are spending day, but that was not soon enough for Air Command to ask about transport, Gauci money in the Pentagon for. It is a jobs Force Gen. Joseph W. Ashy. said, Ashy assumed he would be on a flight program. But I submit to you, Mr. Instead, the new leader of the U.S. Space that was already traveling from Europe to Command traveled on an Air Force C–141 President, there are more effective and the United States. efficient ways to invest in jobs pro- transport jet, which flew him, one aide and ‘‘General Ashy didn’t specifically request the Ashy family cat from Italy to Colorado that plane,’’ Gauci said, ‘‘and he had no idea grams than throwing it at the Pen- at an estimated cost of at least $120,000. where that plane originated.’’ tagon. Ashy’s Sept. 9 flight on a 200-passenger The spokesman said Ashy also did not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- plane specially equipped with a luxury cabin know the C–141, ordinarily used for carrying ator is advised that he has 3 minutes and carrying a steward on its crew of 13 was troops and equipment, would be equipped remaining on his time. more convenient at the time, but it is caus- with a special ‘‘comfort pallet,’’ which in- ing big trouble now. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I reserve cludes such amenities as first-class seating, the remainder of my time. After a complaint from Capitol Hill, De- a kitchen and a sleeping area. fense Department Acting Inspector General The plane had recently been carrying U.S. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Derek J. Vander Schaaf agreed this week to Ambassador to the United Nations Madeleine ator reserves the remainder of his investigate the propriety of the flight and K. Albright on a flight to Russia, the Air time. whether Air Force public affairs personnel Force reported. The Senator from New Mexico is rec- were truthful in answering reporters’ inquir- Ashy’s flight might not have been pub- ognized. ies. licized, except for a coincidence before tak- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Ashy, who followed Pentagon regulations ing off in Naples. Two retired military offi- by paying $85 fare for the cat, declined to cers and their wives, who are allowed to yield myself 3 minutes of my time. comment. travel on military planes on a space-avail- First of all, let me say to every Sen- A spokesman at the Space Command in able basis, asked the crew if they could tag ator around, the argument that the Colorado Springs, Lt. Col. Dennis Gauci, said along. U.S. Defense Department does not Ashy and his aide considered flying a com- Even though the flight was flying nearly manage its business with perfection mercial flight out of Rome on Sept. 10, but empty, Air Force officials said the crew told should come as no surprise. But should worried the schedule would not give him them no, because they believed Peterson Air it surprise anyone that the Department enough time in Colorado the next day to Force Base in Colorado was not an allowed take an eight-hour training course on proce- port of entry into the United States for trav- of Education does not manage its busi- dures for alerting the president in event of elers not on Air Force business. An Air Force ness very well? Might that be a shock? an air attack. official in Washington said the crew was mis- I would assume there is as much waste He was sworn in as head of the Space Com- taken, and that accommodations for the and inefficiency in the Department of mand Sept. 13. foursome could have been made. Education of the United States as Ashy, 54, a 32-year Air Force veteran and Vowing revenge, the spurned retirees took there is in the Defense Department. fighter pilot, could not leave earlier, the Air their grievances to Hackworth, who began Mr. President, I would say that HUD Force said, because he was still commander investigating. ABC’s ‘‘20–20’’ is also planning of the 16th Air Force in Italy, a job that in- a piece on the incident for tonight’s broad- has more waste than the Defense De- cluded directing air missions over Bosnia. cast. partment. Air Force officials in Washington acknowl- Air Force officials said the crew made To talk about the fact that the De- edge Ashy’s flight looks bad, but said no reg- other mistakes. The manifest on the plane fense Department has made some mis- ulations were broken. Ashy, they said, was said Ashy’s wife was with him on the flight. takes is no argument at all to take $40 on an especially tight schedule to get to his In fact, the Air Force said, Ashy’s wife was billion out of defense now on this budg- new posting, and asked an aide to see if any already in Colorado, and the woman trav- et resolution. government planes were heading his way. eling with him was his 21-year-old aide, Sen- Subordinates went overboard in accommo- ior Airman Christa Hart. Actually, this amendment should be dating his request, according to an Air Force ‘‘Why did a young female enlisted aide . . . turned down. I am hoping it will be official at the Pentagon familiar with the accompany General Ashy on this flight?’’ turned down by a large number, by a case, and an empty C–141 was ordered across Grassley asked in his letter. ‘‘Why is Hart’s large vote. But I think there are some the Atlantic and back again to ferry Ashy to name not listed on the flight manifest? Was who will say ‘‘Well, let’s just take it his new home. Hart performing normal official duties, or out of defense and put it on edu- United Airlines is quoting a one-way, first- was there some other reason for her pres- cation.’’ class fare from Rome to Colorado Springs of ence?’’ $1,617. Hart was on the flight because she is join- Well, Mr. President, fellow Ameri- The C–141, which costs about $3,400 an hour ing Ashy in his new assignment, an Air cans, the argument can be made on to operate, was dispatched from McGuire Air Force official said. She serves as a valet to every single domestic need. Think of Force Base in New Jersey to Italy and on to Ashy and performs some protocol functions. one: the National Institutes of Health. Colorado. Mr. HARKIN. We can cut that out. We are not able to fund them fully. A Total flight time was 31 hours, Air Force We can start having better accounting tremendous program. Take it out of de- officials said, and two mid-air refuelings fense. Defense is getting too much. were required that added to the cost. procedures. We can reduce the Milstar, The price tag gave Sen. Charles E. Grass- for example, this relic that is no longer We could have an array of amend- ley (R-Iowa) a case of sticker shock, and he needed. If we cancel that, we save $3 ments here and, by the time we were asked Vander Schaaf to investigate. billion over 7 years. through, saying, pay for all these In a letter to the inspector general, Grass- Stopping production of the Trident things we need, guess what would hap- ley said he learned about the incident from D–5 missiles after 1996. After 1996, we pen, Mr. President? The United States military affairs columnist David will have enough to equip all of our nu- of America would have no military Hackworth, a highly decorated retired Army clear subs at START II levels. So why left. colonel who is planning a story about the flight in next week’s issue of the magazine. buy more D–5’s? This would save $3.7 Now it seems to me that everybody Hackworth is ‘‘disturbed by the arrogance billion over 7 years. And we could, for knows we have put defense on a down- that General Ashy’s behavior appears to rep- example, reinstate the fees on commer- ward path over the last 8 years. This resent,’’ and believes ‘‘Air Force officials cial arms sales to pay the U.S. Govern- budget resolution still has to go to con- have ‘repeatedly lied’ to him’’ and an ABC ment for R&D costs, that again gives ference with the House. In this resolu- News producer who collaborated with him in us about $500 million over this period tion, we have assumed the President’s investigating the episode, Grassley wrote. of time. numbers. I am the first one to suggest The inspector general’s office will ‘‘deter- So, Mr. President, there are a lot of I have not been very happy with the mine whether the travel was proper and rea- sonable, and address a number of related things we can do. We do not have to President’s numbers. I did not vote on matters, the most important of which ap- cut into readiness or modernization. I the last amendment to add some $80 or pears to be whether Air Force personnel were would not want to cut into readiness or $90 billion in budget authority to de- truthful in answering press inquiries about modernization. But there is a lot of fense.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 But I am here to say we ought to mittee would spend $266.2 billion. I Mr. President, we are not even pro- leave it alone. It is probably about as spend $261.4 billion. Over the total of viding sufficient ammunition for prop- low as it ought to get. the 7 years we would spend $34.8 billion er training. We have already cut de- That does not mean that every Amer- less, bringing the Pentagon to a freeze fense spending by over 35 percent. Must ican program on the other domestic level. we be doomed to repeat history—again? side, from health to education, is fully Do you know what the difference is, We need to take a look at where we funded either. There are many who Mr. President? Do you know what the are, and what we have done to our de- would say defense is not fully funded difference between my amendment and fense spending levels over the last 11 either. The Chiefs of Staff of the the Budget Committee is? Two percent. years. Since 1985: United States military could tell us You mean to tell me that someone Ship purchases are down 80 percent; some things we ought to be doing that can stand here with a straight face and aircraft purchases are down 86 percent; we are not doing. say, ‘‘Over the next 7 years, the De- tank purchases have dropped to zero— Mr. President, when we need the de- partment of Defense cannot contribute a 100 percent reduction; and strategic fense of the United States, when we 2 percent?’’ What a joke. missile purchases have dropped 95 per- need those men and women, we are not Then we hear people in the military, cent. going to be arguing about some general military officers, saying, ‘‘Oh, we have In 1993, the President proposed a 5- using an airplane that he ought not to have more money.’’ year defense spending plan which added use. We are going to say, ‘‘We hope Here is what Defense Minister Pavel $126.9 billion in cuts to defense spend- Grachev called the Russian budget. He they take care of that.’’ ing—over and above the reductions pre- But let us take care of the men and said it is ‘‘a catastrophe for the viously made by President Bush. Now women and our needs. And we know Army.’’ we need to understand, the cold war Of course, military people are going what they are. ended during the Bush Administra- to say that. tion—and significant realignment of I only reserved 5 minutes on this But back to my chart, back to my amendment. I hope nobody assumes defense priorities occurred imme- chart, Mr. President. The United diately following the fall of the Berlin that I do not think it is a serious States is spending $260 billion this amendment. I do. And I hope no one Wall. year. Prior to 1993, defense spending was gets the idea that all we have to do the All of our adversaries combined only already cut—and cut deeply. Before the rest of this debate is to bring amend- spend $54 billion—one-tenth of what we Members vote on the amendment by ments down here and offer to take alone spend. Yes, we have to remain the Senator from Iowa, it is important money out of defense. strong in the world. Yes, we have to to know what was cut prior to 1993. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pay our military people. Yes, we have Military personnel were reduced by ator’s time has expired. to keep a strong presence around the more than 350,000; overall defense Mr. DOMENICI. I yield myself one globe. But at what expense? By waste- spending declined by about 20 percent; additional minute. fully throwing this kind of money at our Navy dropped from 536 ships to 448 After all, the point of it is that it is it? ships in the fleet; three aircraft car- a big department of Government. It is I am sorry, it is simply ridiculous to riers were eliminated from the fleet; the evidence of America’s strength in think that our modest amendment eight Fighter Wings were cut from the the world. It ought to be big. It ought would even cause a disturbance for the Air Force; we slashed our strategic to be powerful. It ought to be strong. Pentagon. It will not hurt readiness or bomber fleet to 181 planes; and we ter- We have an all-volunteer Army. No- modernization one iota. It will not cut minated dozens of weapon systems. body compares with that. When people one paycheck from the military. Two All of this was cut from our defense say we spend more than everyone, of percent? We are cutting education. We forces prior to 1993. course we do. We pay our men and are cutting everything a lot more than The budget request this year, cuts women in the military. They are not 2 percent. My amendment is just 2 per- defense spending even further. The pro- drafted. They are paid good salaries cent less than the committee’s level curement budget this year is at its low- and have a good retirement because we for defense, a freeze, and we are told est level in 50 years—and is $6 billion decided that is how we wanted keep a the Pentagon cannot even do that to less this year, than last. Procurement strong military. This will begin the de- help balance the budget. spending under this budget is only 39 mise of the military and everybody We are asking for sacrifice from our percent of the total defense budget. will think it is for a good purpose. It senior citizens, sacrifice from our stu- Now, I completely agree that we will actually have a very serious, bad dents to make them pay more for their should only spend what is necessary for effect on America’s future. college loans, sacrifice from our poor our national security needs. The ques- I reserve whatever time I have. to give up the earned-income tax cred- tion raised by this amendment is: Do The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- it, but we cannot ask the Pentagon to we need to spend more for defense—or ator reserves 1 minute and 17 seconds. live with a freeze at a time when our less? In order to answer this important The Senator from Iowa is recognized. enemies are spending only one-fifth as question, you need to review the facts. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, to hear much as us combined? Two percent less Fact No. 1: The Defense Planning the comments by my friend from New than the recommended increase. It is Guidance calls for a Navy fleet of 346 Mexico, you would think the amend- not even a cut. And yet some argue we ships in order to meet our national se- ment I am offering would totally gut cannot even ask them to do that. curity requirements. the Department of Defense. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- But this budget does not provide As I pointed out, my amendment ator’s time has expired. funding sufficient to achieve and main- keeps the same spending for the De- Mr. HARKIN. I will close by saying 2 tain a fleet level of 346 ships. Only by partment of Defense as the Budget percent is not too much to ask to help not retiring older, less capable ships Committee does over the next 3 years. balance the budget of the future. are we able to even come close to the That is my amendment. It continues Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, the world ship numbers we require. the same spending. And then, for the is not a utopia. There are dangers all Fact No. 2: The Defense Planning next 4 years, it provides for just slight- over the world and there are growing Guidance calls for 184 heavy bombers in ly less growth than what the Budget questions as to whether we will be able order to meet our security require- Committee has, slightly less growth. to meet these challenges in the future. ments. I am not cutting defense spending. I Must we repeat history and not be But this budget barely provides more am just growing it a little bit less than ready when the next major threat oc- than 55 percent of the required heavy what the Budget Committee does in curs? The readiness of our military is bombers to meet our security require- the out years. slipping. We are not procuring the ments. The bomber plan is so bad, in Well, for example, as I said, for the equipment we need to meet a growing fact, we will be forced—under this next 3 years, spending under my and unpredictable threat. The morale budget—to keep the B–52 in service amendment is the same as the Budget of the men and women who serve in until the year 2030. In 2030, the B–52 Committee. In 1999, the Budget Com- uniform is declining. will be over 60 years of age.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7203 Fact No. 3: Before the budget was The Senator from Wisconsin is recog- brings us that much closer to really submitted to the Congress, the Sec- nized. balancing the Federal budget without retary of Defense, on November 15, 1994 AMENDMENT NO. 1127 using Social Security, and this point reported that fully one-forth of our (Purpose: To strike provisions providing for has to be stressed and stressed again. It Army Divisions were far below peak a tax cut) is my understanding that even under preparedness. Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, on this budget resolution, we will still be But this budget does not aggressively behalf of myself and the Senator from using $113 billion of Social Security increase funding to solve this problem South Carolina, Senator HOLLINGS, I funds to balance our books in fiscal until the year 2000 and after. send an amendment to the desk. year 2002. Mr. President, this is not a This century, America has failed to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The balanced budget by the year 2002 unless be prepared to protect her interests on clerk will report. you raid the Social Security funds. three occasions. We failed to be ready The assistant legislative clerk read CBO estimates that in 2002, the so- in 1942 at Pearl Harbor, We failed to be as follows: called fiscal dividend might be $50 bil- prepared in Korea in the 1950’s. Just The Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. FEIN- lion for that year by adopting this over two decades later, we failed to be GOLD], for himself, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. BYRD, amendment. So instead of the $113 bil- prepared to deal with the military Mr. NUNN, Mr. BUMPERS, Mr. KERREY, Mr. lion bite out of Social Security, we will challenges facing us in the deserts of ROBB, Mr. DORGAN, Mr. SIMON, Mrs. MURRAY, reduce it by $50 billion. Iran. and Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN, proposes an amend- Failure to prepare leads to a certain ment numbered 1127. This tax cut that is hidden in the outcome—preparation for failure. Loss Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask budget resolution is the loose thread of military capability does not an- unanimous consent that the reading of that threatens to unravel the budget, nounce itself—except by failure. the amendment be dispensed with. the potential tax cut funded from the No Member of this body can predict The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without so-called budget surplus allowance. when or where America will next be objection, it is so ordered. This is the symbol of irresponsibility challenged. But just as the mighty Mis- The amendment is as follows: that remains in the budget resolution, sissippi flows southward with lum- On page 74, strike beginning with line 8 and it is not just a little bit of money. bering power, on this you can be cer- through page 75, line 22. It is three times the total that Presi- tain: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dent Clinton proposed in terms of tax American will again be challenged. ator from Wisconsin is recognized. cuts earlier this year. He proposed America will again be forced to de- Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, this about $60 billion. This is almost three fend her interests. amendment, in addition to being joint- times greater than that, Mr. President, The only question yet to be answered ly offered by Senator HOLLINGS and and people did not think that was an is—will we be ready to meet these fu- myself, is also cosponsored by Senator insignificant amount either. It is a ture challenges? If you believe Amer- BYRD, Senator NUNN, Senator BUMP- giant tax cut. ican will not be challenged again, you ERS, Senator KERREY, of Nebraska, At best, the budget that passes this should vote for Senator HARKIN’s Senator ROBB, Senator DORGAN, Sen- amendment. body and finally the one that is agreed ator SIMON, Senator MURRAY, and Sen- upon by both Houses will be unpopular. If you believe however, that prepara- ator MOSELEY-BRAUN. tion is essential for victory and vigi- It cannot help but be unpopular. Some Senator HOLLINGS will speak in a mo- feel that adding a tax cut will sugar lance is our strength—then you should ment or two about this, but let me just oppose this amendment. I urge my col- coat the medicine and make it politi- say, first of all, this is really the mo- cally a little bit less risky to balance leagues to oppose this amendment. ment when the Members of this body Mr. President, I yield the floor. the budget. But it will not. In fact, it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- can convey to the American people will do just the opposite. A tax cut will ator from New Mexico is recognized. whether they believe tax cuts are a pri- only undercut any work that will be Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, in ority or not. It is a clean vote. accomplished by Congress. 1996 dollars, the Department of Defense We can ensure the focus of this budg- et resolution stays on deficit reduction First, it will make those tough cuts has been reduced from $402 to $246 bil- we do make suspect. Those whom we lion. Now, is there anyone that would and deficit reduction alone by adopting this amendment. Other amendments ask to sacrifice for the cause of deficit like the American military and Amer- reduction will not be persuaded that ican defense to be like the Soviet before us that have been rejected have suggested we use the $170 billion tax their own sacrifice will not instead go Union? Of course they do not pay any- to provide tax cuts to someone else, thing. They hardly pay their military. cut fund for restoring Medicare cuts or education, earned-income tax credit. I someone who may well be a lot Would we like to do that? Would we wealthier than they are. The Senator like to say we do not need any new think those were all worthy priority choices. They are all more important from South Carolina and I think that technology or innovation, or do we is a formula for trouble. We simply want to remain the strongest Nation than a tax cut at this point. Mr. Presi- dent, none of those amendments were cannot pass what may be a $1 trillion on Earth? We have cut defense enough. package of spending cuts, including If there is more money needed for edu- adopted, and we stand here with there still being the $170 billion kitty, or massive cuts in Medicare, Medicaid and cation, we ought to take it out of some education and other programs, and other program, not out of the Defense cookie jar, existing in the budget reso- lution that came out of the Budget then ask the Nation to support that Department and the men and women package while promising tax cuts to who serve us there. Committee. My amendment simply strikes the everyone. It will not wash. Beyond I believe my time has expired. If not, that, the potential in this budget reso- I yield back the remainder of my time. section of the resolution which estab- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lishes a special budget surplus account. lution for a tax cut is just too great of ator from New Mexico yields back the The result will be that any additional a temptation. balance of his time. All time has ex- savings that would have accrued to What this $170 billion fund does, Mr. pired on this amendment. this account will instead simply go to- President, is essentially lay out a se- Under the previous order, the amend- ward the purpose of deficit reduction. ries of low-calorie menus for a dieter, ment will be laid aside at this moment. By striking the budget surplus allow- asking them to eat only celery, car- Under the previous order, we will go ance, any fiscal dividend that flowed to rots, some cottage cheese, maybe a lit- to the amendment of the Senator from the Federal Treasury as a result of the tle water, but at the same time we put Wisconsin. On the amendment of the deficit reduction contemplated in the right next to them a big piece of ba- Senator from Wisconsin, Senator FEIN- resolution would reduce the amount nana cream pie. That is what this tax GOLD has 20 minutes and the Senator the Government would otherwise have cut is. We are not going to put the Fed- from New Mexico has 20 minutes; 10 to borrow. eral budget deficit on a diet by pro- minutes of the time of the Senator It would eliminate the indebtedness viding for a tax cut. Nor will we assure from New Mexico is granted to the Sen- of this country to the tune of $170 bil- the Federal Reserve and the financial ator from Alaska. lion. Eliminating this cookie jar also markets by claiming we can do both.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 It is possible, the prospects of lower ward with a tax cut we all would like On page 7, line 21, for fiscal year 2002 interest rates that might flow from to vote for but cannot afford. a deficit of $113.500 billion, or, more ac- really lowering the deficit will be lost, With that, Mr. President, I yield 5 curately, on page 9, you can see how and if we do not act responsibly in this minutes to the distinguished Senator much the debt actually increases by matter some will reject the claims we from South Carolina. the year 2002 over just 1 year—2001. It can have it all. By every measure I Mr. HOLLINGS. I thank my col- is $177.7 billion. That is the real deficit. know, the Nation has expressed an league. We are all rhetoric and no reality. Re- overwhelming preference for deficit re- Mr. President, this is the same publicans are already giving them- duction over a tax cut. The mail and amendment that I presented in the selves credit and claiming to have done phone calls I have received from Wis- Budget Committee which was defeated a wonderful thing which to some on the consin since November on this have by a 12 to 10 vote. At the markup in the other side justifies a tax cut. But Mr. been absolutely clear, because the peo- Budget Committee markup, Democrats President, the American people know ple of the United States know what is were characterized as wanting to take what is going to happen. Under this at stake. They know there is no free proposal, the tax cuts in stone and the lunch here. We can reduce the deficit the surplus, and spend it, whether for Medicare, education or whatever; Re- spending cuts are going to slip by the and help ensure their children and board. grandchildren will have a Government publicans were criticized for taking the Specifically, on this idea of commit- that is financially sound or we can give surplus to give tax cuts. ting to balancing the budget for the a nice big tax break now and stick fu- The truth of the matter is that there first time in decades, I submitted when ture generations with the tab. By sig- will be no $170 billion surplus. But if I was chairman of the Budget Com- nificant majorities, people want the part of it does materialize, it ought to mittee—and again in 1985. Everyone re- former. They want us to start paying go to reducing the deficit. That was the members Gramm–Rudman-Hollings. off the bills that have been run up, and amendment I offered in committee, and That was a balanced budget—not in 7 they want us to do it now. This is not that is the amendment that should but in 5 years. In 1991, we were treated a partisan issue. For my own part, I today be adopted by the Senate if we to the budget summit. I remember at have opposed the tax cut plans of both are really sincere. But rather than parties because I believe it is the fis- have any light shed on the subject, we that time that members were slapping cally responsible thing to do. have been bombarded by irresponsible each other on the back and congratu- Mr. President, I hope that both sides reporting on the budget in the last sev- lating themselves on really getting the come together in a bipartisan fashion. eral weeks. Specifically, I refer to budget under control. I have heard Members of both parties Time magazine’s cover which said, I ask unanimous consent that the make absolutely unequivocal state- ‘‘This time it’s serious. Budget resolu- 1991 budget resolution deficit surplus ments on the floor that they do not be- tion . . . for the first time in decades, figures appearing on page 21 of the lieve tax cuts can be a priority at this Congress is committed to balancing the budget report be printed in the RECORD time. This is an opportunity to come budget.’’ Absolutely false. Turn to page at this particular time. together and say we can have a bal- 7 in the budget resolution itself. What There being no objection, the figures anced budget by the year 2002 but only word appears? ‘‘Deficit’’ by the year were ordered to be printed in the if we resist the temptation to go for- 2002. It does not appear ‘‘balanced.’’ RECORD, as follows: CONFERENCE AGREEMENT TOTAL BUDGET [In billions of dollars]

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Budget authority ...... 1,485.6 1,562.6 1,582.4 1,593.4 1,668.4 Outlays ...... 1,236.9 1,269.3 1,305.0 1,324.8 1,355.5 Revenues ...... 1,172.9 1,260.8 1,349.8 1,433.3 1,511.7 Deficit (¥) / surplus (+) ...... ¥64.0 ¥8.5 44.8 108.5 158.2

Mr. HOLLINGS. So, Mr. President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time We have demonstrated that we can yes, they had a deficit for 1991 and 1992. allocated to the Senator has expired. balance the budget and put our Na- But at that time, their estimates pro- Eight minutes remain of the Senator tion’s fiscal house on the road to sol- jected a surplus in 1995 of $156.2 billion. from Wisconsin’s time. vency. The reality was much different. Instead Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, if a Now, in addition to the savings that of $156.2 billion surplus, we have a $317 Senator on the other side wishes to will occur under this budget resolution, billion deficit—a swing of some $474 speak, we can go forward. the Congressional Budget Office has billion off in the 3 or 4 years. Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the projected that a credible reduction in There is no education in the second Chair. the deficit by the year 2002 would kick of a mule. We have been through The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- produce a fiscal dividend for the Fed- this gamesmanship. Let us cut out the ator from Alaska is recognized. eral treasury. We are all in agreement nonsense and get serious here and re- Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, let on that. CBO estimates that interest port accurately that we are not bal- me commend my good friend from Wis- rates would be 1 to 2 percent lower, and ancing the budget. You cannot do it consin, Senator FEINGOLD, for offering real GNP would be nearly 1 percent without a balanced approach of spend- this amendment. I certainly support higher by the year 2002 if we achieve a ing cuts and tax increases. the idea that we can do more in deficit balanced budget. reduction and that a tax cut is ill-ad- If there is any surplus, heavens vised. However, I must reluctantly op- Now, because of these two factors, above, let us allocate it to the deficit, pose the pending amendment. CBO estimates that we would reap a because by 2002, we will have a $6.6 tril- Mr. President, the Senate Budget fiscal dividend of some $170 billion over lion debt with interest costs growing at Committee, I think we agree, has per- a 7-year period, and as much as a $356 the rate of almost $500 billion a year. formed a very remarkable job in put- billion dividend over 10 years. That is, one-third of the budget is ting this budget resolution together. The issue that has divided many automatically going to interest costs, Senator DOMENICI and the staff of the Members on both sides of the aisle, and just the carrying charges, not to re- majority and the staff of the minority is the subject of this debate, is what duce the debt but just to open up the have worked in good faith, and I think should we do with this financial wind- doors early every morning up here in they have fulfilled the commitment fall if indeed there is one? During the Washington in the Government. that everyone of us in this body has debate we have been confronted with So we cannot engage in this nonsense made when he or she voted for the bal- two specific choices. One, using the and gamesmanship. We have to get anced budget amendment earlier this dividend to increase Federal spending, real. year. or, two, using the dividend to provide

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7205 tax cuts. So far, we have not been able Mr. MURKOWSKI. I yield the balance believe that this is historic, and if car- to reach an accord on either proposal. of my time to the Senator from New ried out, the economy will get better, The amendment being offered by my Mexico. interest rates will come down, and I be- friend from Wisconsin would use the Mr. DOMENICI. How much time does lieve we have a brighter future if we fiscal dividend to further reduce the the other side have? stay there for about 10 years, in bal- deficit and, as a consequence of that— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ance, paying bills, reducing the debt, and this is the discomfort I have—it ator from Wisconsin has 8 minutes 1 instead of borrowing more and more would absolutely preclude any possi- second. every year. bility of a tax cut for this year. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Now, I think the Senator from New I really believe that this is the wrong yield myself about 3 or 4 minutes and Mexico thinks at that point in time time for the Senate to completely close then will have to absent myself from when we finish that work, we ought to off the tax reduction option—I empha- the floor, and I will be back. Perhaps give the American people at least an size option—at this time. Despite what the other side can use part of their opportunity to get a tax cut, to get many Members on the other side have time. some relief, especially for families. said, this budget resolution—and I em- Mr. President, the budget that we That is what this budget resolution phasize this—does not mandate a tax crafted that is currently before the does. cut. In fact, there is no specific tax cut U.S. Senate, I believe, is a fair way to Now, frankly, there are some who in this plan. What this budget resolu- handle the American people and to say would like to spend that dividend. We tion says is that if all of the commit- to them, ‘‘Once you get a balanced have heard from them. I do not know tees in Congress adopt reconciliation budget, for all the sacrifice that goes that there will be any more opportuni- legislation that produces a balanced into that, there is some positive to ties on the Senate floor to spend that budget in the year 2002 and if—I em- come out of it.’’ dividend again or to use it differently. phasize ‘‘if’’—that reconciliation legis- We all understand that when we get a We have been through that. lation makes it through a conference balanced budget and we no longer are Now we have reached the point in committee—and that is a big ‘‘if’’—and borrowing money, when those out time where those who are not for this then is signed into law by the Presi- there that set interest rates based upon budget resolution—and I assume the dent, then and only then may Congress money supply see that America is for Senator who offers this amendment is consider reducing taxes. real, interest rates come down. There not for this budget resolution. Perhaps The CBO will have to certify that the is no question. that is a false assumption. If it is, he reconciliation legislation does, in fact, Americans should not think we are might tell the American people he will produce a balanced budget. That is, going through this event in our his- vote for this budget resolution. That CBO must certify that the budget is tory, one of the most significant in would be interesting. I surmise he will balanced in the year 2002. CBO will modern times, of putting our fiscal not say that. If he does, I would say, have to provide an estimate of how house in order, deciding that we finally ‘‘Wonderful.’’ much additional savings will be want to pay our bills ourselves as From that side of the aisle there will achieved through lower interest rates adults instead of having our children be a huge number of votes saying after and increased economic growth. CBO and grandchildren pay them—there we get there, we want to say what to may determine that the savings are as ought to be a bonus for that. We ought do with it, and we do not want to give projected, $170 billion; on the other to get something out of that. the American people a tax cut even hand, they may be lower or higher. Incidentally, in this case, the major Once CBO has provided that savings after the balanced budget when the economists that look at fiscal policy of estimate, only then can Congress con- economic dividend is available and we this Nation—perhaps they are just sider cutting taxes. Obviously, we do are still in balance. startled by the fact that we are finally not necessarily know what interest I do not believe that amendment going to live within our means and be rates might be. ought to pass. I do not believe the mo- In any event, in the Senate, the deci- rational and talk about what we can tion to strike that part of the budget sion whether to cut taxes is going to be afford and what we cannot afford—they should pass. That is why I am speaking first made by one committee. That is say there will be an economic bonus, tonight. I have spoken enough, per- the Finance Committee, and that is a an economic dividend. There will be a haps, today and I am not sure I will committee that I serve on. As a con- change sufficiently large in interest speak much more. Maybe another 3 or sequence, in the Finance Committee, I rates that when we get to balance, we 4 minutes before this amendment is intend to make every effort to con- get an economic dividend of somewhere finished. vince my colleagues on the committee between $150 to $200 billion if it is done Essentially, while I compliment the that the CBO economic dividend should in the manner prescribed in this budget Senator who offered the amendment, be used for further deficit reduction resolution. he obviously is really interested in fis- rather than tax cuts. So what did we say? We said simply, cal prudence, in making sure that we Mr. President, if this amendment by we are not going to have tax cuts until use common sense, as he says. I believe my good friend from Wisconsin is the event is completed—the balancing the common sense was all exercised be- adopted, and if we completely foreclose of the budget. So we say, when all of fore he ever got to the floor, before this the future option of reducing taxes, these laws are changed by the Con- amendment ever arrived, when Repub- this Senator, the Senator from Alaska, gress, that is finished, then we can ask lican Senators decided to balance the is concerned that this balanced budget the CBO, the real number estimators budget. We hope when we are finished resolution may not receive a sufficient for our land, are we there? Have we that some Democrat Senators will join number of votes to pass this body. reached that point, that event? Is it Republicans. I believe it would be far worse for our real? When they say, ‘‘Yes,’’ they will That event was completed. Now we Nation’s economic health if we fail at then say there is an economic dividend. come to the floor and say, ‘‘No divi- this effort to bring the deficit to zero We will say then and only then is that dends to America. Just strike it out of than it would be if we merely retained released to the Finance Committee of this budget resolution.’’ the longer-term option of reducing our U.S. Senate to be used for tax cuts. Mr. President, I reserve the remain- taxes. It is for that reason, Mr. Presi- Now, Mr. President, there are many der of my time. dent, that I must reluctantly oppose people in this body and many American The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the amendment of the Senator from people who think we ought to have a THOMPSON). The Senator has a little Wisconsin. tax cut for the American people. Espe- over 7 minutes remaining on his time. Mr. President, how much time is re- cially one that focuses in on the Amer- The Senator from Wisconsin is recog- maining on this side? ican family. nized. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Frankly, I agree with that. I said my Mr. FEINGOLD. I yield 3 minutes to ator retains 3 minutes 35 seconds of his first priority as the chairman of the the Senator from Virginia. time; Senator DOMENICI of New Mexico Budget Committee would be to get a Mr. ROBB. Thank you, Mr. President. has 10 minutes of his time. balanced budget. I believe we got one. I I thank the Senator from Wisconsin.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 While the distinguished Senator from ator from Wisconsin for offering this make hard choices here. I felt about New Mexico is still on the floor, let me particular amendment. that amendment that he referenced tell him I fall into the latter category The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who about like he did. But if we are going of one who is thinking if we do not do yields time? The Senator from Wis- to make the hard choices then I think any more damage, that I may be one, consin. we should make them. Therefore I en- and there are several on this side of the Mr. FEINGOLD. First of all let me dorse thoroughly the amendment of- aisle, I might inform the Senator, who thank the Senator from Virginia for fered by my friend from Wisconsin and are thinking about voting for the budg- his tremendous support on this issue my friend from South Carolina. et that emerges —not because we think all along. Certainly, in times like these, when it is the perfect vehicle. Now I would like to yield to the Sen- we are talking about the concern for Indeed, tomorrow, some Members ator from Illinois, who has also been as the defense needs and all the other will have an alternative, hopefully, to solid as can be in trying to impose needs we have been talking about all that particular vehicle. these tax cuts. during this debate, it seems to me we I want to compliment the Senator Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I want to have no way or reason to be talking from New Mexico. I have known him commend Senator FEINGOLD who, from about a tax cut. If there is any money for about 15 years. I have respected his day one, when both parties were talk- left over after doing what we think is willingness to make tough, principled ing about tax cuts, said, ‘‘This does not obviously necessary for national de- decisions in attempting to bring some make sense. Our priority has to be to fense and these other programs we sense of fiscal responsibility to an oth- get this budget balanced.’’ erwise undisciplined Federal Govern- would be talking about, then that is As I have said half a dozen times on where the money should be spent. If ment over a long period of time. I said the floor, and I said it in the Budget on this floor the other day, that I not there, to reduce the deficit. Committee, I commend Senator I hope the Senator accepts the thought he deserved enormous credit DOMENICI for moving toward a balanced for giving us a target, something that amendment that is being offered and budget. I disagree with how we get debated at this moment. was truly important. there. But the question is right now on I support the amendment of my I yield any remaining time I might a tax cut. The next best thing to pass- friend, the distinguished Senator from have. ing this amendment is to do what Sen- Wisconsin, because I believe we ought The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator MURKOWSKI said on the floor just a to make it clear that deficit reduction ator from Wisconsin. few minutes ago. He said, as a member is the most important objective we are Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the ranking of the Finance Committee he is not attempting to achieve at this par- member and ask how much time we going to vote for a tax cut. And I com- ticular time. We are not truly bal- have left on our side? mend him for that statement. ancing the budget even if we stick to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- When my friend from New Mexico the numbers we are dealing with, be- ator has 1 minute and 10 seconds. says there ought to be a bonus, we cause we continue to mask the total Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, let ought to get something out of it, I budget in the Social Security surplus. me use the last brief period of time to think the bonus is to have this budget It will be about $113 billion out of true say in response to the Senator from in balance to get our fiscal house in balance, but it is exactly the same kind New Mexico that one thing has been order. When he says we ought to get of obfuscation we have been using for accomplished even if we do not win on something out of it—I know he has years and I am certainly willing to give this vote. That is, the early effort to more children, and more grandchildren all the credit that is due for moving in pretend there was not a tax cut in the I believe, than I do. If my three grand- that direction. But in this particular Senate budget resolution is over. They children can have a better future, that case, if we are serious about deficit re- are admitting it now, that there is this is what we ought to be interested in. I duction, I think the only message we fund and they are not willing to elimi- think, frankly, passage of the Feingold can leave at this point is we are pre- nate it. That is progress. Because that amendment moves us in that direction. pared to make some tough choices. was the first attempt. I know the Senator from New Mexico Several on this side are willing to Why are we not able to support the make those tough choices with our col- well enough to know he will not be heartbroken if the amendment of the resolution in this form? It is because leagues on the other side of the aisle. the proposal of the Senator from New One of the most difficult votes for me Senator from Wisconsin is agreed to. I hope it will be agreed to. I am cer- Mexico is out of balance in the year was one just two votes ago when I had 2002 because of this very problem of to vote ultimately against a very sub- tainly going to vote for it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who this $170 billion. In fact, what it is, is stantial increase in defense spending. what is left of the crown jewel of the Not because I do not think we need it, yields time? The Senator from New Mexico. Republican contract. It is basically because if we are serious about fighting lying on the floor now after the vote two major regional conflicts and win- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, might I just take 30 seconds and say to my earlier today; 69 to 31 the U.S. Senate ning in the years ahead we are going to rejected the Gramm amendment which have to put more money into the de- good friend, Senator SIMON, I think you know a lot. But you do not know was the crown jewel of the Republican fense budget, even more than the Presi- contract. This is all that is left of it. dent has added back right now. I accept whether I will be heartbroken or not. This amendment is an opportunity to that responsibility and will continue to That is pure speculation. I spoke rath- say what all the American people real- work on it. But I thought it was a dis- er vigorously against it. All my in- ly know, which is we cannot afford cordant message with respect to deficit stincts and all my abilities are to this. As the Senator from Nebraska reduction. speak against it. I have done the very That is why I am prepared, with sev- best I can. said, we are either going to do deficit eral colleagues, I believe, to support You draw your conclusion. I draw my reduction or we are not. This amend- the ultimate product of this debate. I own. ment is the one that allows both par- hope we will find ways to amend that Mr. SIMON. All right. ties to come together and strike the particular end product so we can have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- iron while it is hot. something that has the kind of balance ator from Wisconsin. I hope the Senator from Alaska is that many of us want to achieve. But I Mr. FEINGOLD. I yield 1 minute to right and we get it done in the Finance think the most important thing we can the distinguished Senator from Ne- Committee but we should do it now on do is keep our eye ultimately fixed on braska, who has also been extremely the budget resolution. the target, which is to bring it into helpful on this issue. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- what is balance using the $113 billion Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I thank my ator from Colorado controls 6 minutes that will be available from the Social friend for yielding for 1 minute. I find and 36 seconds. Security surplus. myself very much in the position just The Senator from Colorado. With that I yield whatever time I articulated by my friend and colleague Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I am an have remaining and I thank the Sen- from the State of Virginia. We have to admirer of the Senator from Wisconsin.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7207 He has, I think, forthrightly brought in a way that the President signs—and ability that the spending slowdown in forth before the Senate a number of that is an even more difficult question Medicaid, Medicare, education, agri- proposals that are meant to save because the President has not been en- culture, and other areas will generate money. So I rise out of concern over thusiastic about signing things that more and more opposition from sub- his amendment, not over concern over cut spending—if you get all that, then stantial segments of America before the Senator himself but concern over you may be able to talk about this. the cuts are passed by the Congress and the implication. Let me simply go di- So what we are talking about is a lit- certainly before they are fully imple- rectly to the point. tle incentive for a Congress that I be- mented over a period of years. He made what I thought was a very lieve is desperately in need of some in- There is also a probability that in interesting analogy. He talked about centive, is desperately in need. What cutting projected spending by over $1 this amendment as a proposal to go on happens here is if you eliminate any in- trillion in a 7-year period Congress will a diet, to eat carrots and celery and centive and you have a Congress that inadvertently make some serious er- other such things. But then to put at goes back to its old ways of over- rors which cause extreme hardship and the end of the diet a large piece of pie. spending its own budget, you make it which will have to be corrected. I do not think that is an appropriate much less likely that we will ever get Mr. President, if my choice is to use analogy. Let me tell you why. What to the promised land, that we will ever the dividend, the $170 billion, for tax this budget resolution is is a diet. I keep on our diet. cuts or for easing the most severe im- think the Senator from Wisconsin is Mr. President, what is the impact of pacts on Medicare, education and low- right about that. There is no question going to someone who is on a diet and income working Americans, I believe the Federal budget is overweight and saying if you make the diet, there is the priority should be on easing the this is a diet. This is carrots and cel- going to be no reward at the end? Well, impact, and my votes reflect this. ery. As a matter of fact, I think it is so it is pretty clear. You diminish the in- However, those are not the only two good there might be some lean beef in centive to get it done. choices. In effect, until this amend- here, too, all of which is very helpful to It is my judgment, Mr. President, ment is voted on, we will have been lose weight. But the potential at the and I think one of the American peo- choosing between either spending the end of the rainbow here is not a piece ple, that we ought to be talking about $170 billion or refunding it. In either of pie. What it is, is the question of more incentives to get this Congress to case, we will be spending and refunding whether or not, when you have gone on stay on its diet, not less. I hope the before we have earned the dividend, in the diet, you can have your suit al- Members will reject this amendment. my view. If I have a choice, as we do on tered. What it is is a question of wheth- Mr. President, I retain the remainder this amendment, however, of using the er or not you can put a swimming suit of my time. $170 billion, which has not yet been on. Mr. President, I believe the Senator earned because we passed no reconcili- If the Senator from Wisconsin wins, from Maine wishes to speak on this ation bill—and even when we pass one, what he is going to say is you can go subject. How much time do I have re- we all know, looking at catastrophic on your diet, which is the first time maining? insurance and others, when the public you have done it in many, many years. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two rises up in arms over some action by You can lose the weight, you can eat minutes. the Congress, it does not take us long that celery, you can eat those carrots. Mr. BROWN. I yield back the remain- to step back, and that may happen. I But at the end of the period we are not der of my time, Mr. President. hope it does not, but it may happen in going to let you take your suit off. You The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- some of these cuts. I think the Fein- are going to have to walk around in the ator from Nebraska. gold amendment is the responsible way same baggy suit. There is no reward. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I would to go because we will be putting this You can do your job. You can make like to yield 5 minutes off the resolu- $170 billion on the deficit from the very the tough decisions. But, by golly, you tion to the Senator from Georgia on beginning, and it will in effect be a cannot put on a swimming suit and let the subject at hand. contingency fund so that if we have to other people see how trim and attrac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- back up or some of the cuts do not tive you are. Believe me, America is ator from Georgia. work out as projected, we can still trim and attractive, if ever it gets its Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I thank work on the goal in the year des- budget in balance. the Senator from Nebraska. ignated. Now, that is what the issue is. It is Mr. President, I rise in support of the If this amendment passes, there will not a piece of pie. It is whether or not Feingold amendment of which I am a be a small cushion, a small margin for you can enjoy the fruits of your efforts. coauthor, to apply the $170 billion fis- error in economic assumptions or other Mr. President, we have had lots of in- cal dividend to deficit reduction. The assumptions in this plan to achieve a flated rhetoric about budgets. Every- $170 billion set aside in this resolution balanced budget by 2002. one knows it. Everyone knows every for a later possible tax cut is certainly I would also remind all of my col- time we promise to get the budget in more responsible than the House ap- leagues who believe, as I do, that we line, it has not worked. And the reason proach beginning with a $1.2 trillion should be balancing the budget without it has not worked is because this Con- deficit exercise by cutting taxes. The using the Social Security surplus, leav- gress continuously overspends its own House approach to me is like going on ing the fiscal dividend alone and apply- budget. So we need some help. There is the wagon and beginning with ing it to deficit reduction, as we will do no question about it. And is the prom- chugalugging a bottle of whiskey. To if this amendment passes, would help ise that if we mind our P’s and Q’s, if me that is the analogy. us move toward the goal of a real bal- we eat our carrots and celery, that we The Senate approach is to set the anced budget in the operating accounts will get some reward at the end, some money aside until after a reconcili- rather than simply a unified balance help? I think so. We need some help. I ation bill is enacted and then making which we all know simply postpones do not think anybody can seriously it available for a tax cut at the discre- the day of pain when the general fund suggest that this Congress does not tion of the Budget and Finance Com- has to start reimbursing the Social Se- need help in sticking with its budget mittees and, of course, Congress’ later curity fund for the billions and billions resolution. approval. of dollars owed. In fact, it will be tril- Now, there is a unique aspect of this. Mr. President, I believe this fiscal lions by the 2010–2013 range. This budget resolution does not com- dividend brought about by lower inter- Mr. President, I understand the anal- mit to a tax cut. What it says is if you est rates and higher economic growth ogy my friend from Colorado used pass the budget resolution, if it all will exist if we balance the budget by about going on a diet and eating celery scores out and if you come back and 2002. I do not think it is funny money, and carrots and getting thin. But I fully reconcile it and fully pass that but I think it is very fragile. If we would remind my colleagues that when reconciliation—and I think everybody touch it by using it either for increased we get to 2002, if everything works out knows that is going to be tough and is spending or tax cuts, I am afraid it in this budget as planned, we will still perhaps unlikely—and if you reconcile may break. There is a strong prob- have to borrow the Social Security

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7208 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 trust fund of $107 billion. And if we The PRESIDING OFFICER. That On page 49, decrease the amount on line 14 keep adding to the deficit, we will, time was yielded back. by $300,000,000. under this resolution, at the time we Mr. DOMENICI. I thank the Chair. On page 49, decrease the amount on line 20 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The by $300,000,000. get to 2002, instead of being slim and On page 49, decrease the amount on line 21 trim in a swimsuit, we are going to clerk will report the amendment. by $300,000,000. still owe to the people holding bonds The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 50, decrease the amount on line 2 and notes and Treasury bills all over The Senator from Maine [Ms. SNOWE], for by $300,000,000. this country something to the tune of herself, Mr. ABRAHAM, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. On page 50, decrease the amount on line 3 about $6 trillion to $7 trillion. I believe BROWN, Mrs. KASSEBAUM, Mr. COHEN, Mr. by $300,000,000. the number is now about $4.9 trillion LOTT, Mr. CHAFEE, and Mr. SIMPSON, pro- On page 54, decrease the amount on line 20 poses an amendment numbered 1128. that is the national debt. by $400,000,000. On page 54, decrease the amount on line 21 So we will not be slim and trim. We Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the reading of by $400,000,000. will be bulging over our bathing suits, On page 55, decrease the amount on line 2 but we will simply stop in that year the amendment be dispensed with. by $500,000,000. adding to the fat and the bulge. So I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 55, decrease the amount on line 3 am not sure we are going to all want to objection, it is so ordered. by $500,000,000. put on our bathing suits in 2002 and The amendment is as follows: On page 55, decrease the amount on line 9 On page 26, decrease the amount on line 20 show the bulges that have been build- by $500,000,000. by $200,000,000. On page 55, decrease the amount on line 10 ing up for the last 40 years. Neverthe- On page 26, decrease the amount on line 21 by $500,000,000. less, that would be a rather optimistic by $100,000,000. On page 55, decrease the amount on line 16 view. On page 27, decrease the amount on line 3 by $500,000,000. While the exact estimate would de- by $200,000,000. On page 55, decrease the amount on line 17 pend on what savings and enforcement On page 27, decrease the amount on line 4 by $500,000,000. provisions were enacted in the rec- by $300,000,000. On page 55, decrease the amount on line 23 On page 27, decrease the amount on line 11 by $500,000,000. onciliation bill, CBO’s previous esti- by $200,000,000. mate of the fiscal dividend was about On page 55, decrease the amount on line 24 On page 27, decrease the amount on line 12 by $500,000,000. $350 billion in 2002. If we applied that to by $300,000,000. On page 56, decrease the amount on line 5 the deficit reduction, we could cut the On page 27, decrease the amount on line 19 by $500,000,000. real deficit, excluding Social Security, by $200,000,000. On page 56, decrease the amount on line 6 in half from about $100 billion to $50 On page 27, decrease the amount on line 20 by $500,000,000. billion in that year. by $300,000,000. On page 56, decrease the amount on line 12 On page 28, decrease the amount on line 2 by $500,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- by $200,000,000. ator has used the 5 minutes yielded to On page 56, decrease the amount on line 13 On page 28, decrease the amount on line 3 by $500,000,000. him. by $300,000,000. On page 64, decrease the amount on line 9 Mr. NUNN. Will the Senator yield me On page 28, decrease the amount on line 10 by $500,000,000. 1 more minute? I think I can complete by $200,000,000. On page 64, decrease the amount on line 10 in 1 more minute. On page 28, decrease the amount on line 11 by $4,300,000,000. Mr. EXON. If the Senator could com- by $300,000,000. On page 64, decrease the amount on line 11 On page 28, decrease the amount on line 18 by $6,500,000,000. plete in 1 minute. We are in a real by $200,000,000. crunch tomorrow for time, much more On page 65, decrease the amount on line 17 On page 28, decrease the amount on line 19 by $900,000,000. than most people realize. by $300,000,000. Mr. NUNN. I will complete in 30 sec- On page 65, decrease the amount on line 18 On page 31, increase the amount on line 12 by $500,000,000. onds. by $900,000,000. On page 65, decrease the amount on line 24 On page 31, increase the amount on line 13 Mr. EXON. One more minute. by $1,000,000,000. by $500,000,000. Mr. NUNN. Thirty seconds. On page 65, decrease the amount on line 25 On page 31, increase the amount on line 20 We all know that someone has to face by $800,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. up to the Social Security problem. We On page 66, decrease the amount on line 6 On page 31, increase the amount on line 21 by $1,000,000,000. all know the Social Security system is by $800,000,000. On page 66, decrease the amount on line 7 not going to be the same for those in On page 32, increase the amount on line 3 by $900,000,000. their 20’s, 30’s, and 40’s today. It cannot by $1,000,000,000. On page 66, decrease the amount on line 13 On page 32, increase the amount on line 4 be. And the longer we avoid facing up by $1,000,000,000. by $900,000,000. to that problem, the worse the problem On page 66, decrease the amount on line 14 is going to be. Balancing the budget On page 32, increase the amount on line 11 by $1,000,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. without the continued use of the Social On page 32, increase the amount on line 12 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 20 Security surplus to finance other Gov- by $1,000,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. ernment spending is an absolute nec- On page 32, increase the amount on line 19 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 21 essary first step in that effort. I urge by $1,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. my colleagues to strike the reserve On page 32, increase the amount on line 20 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 2 by $1,100,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. fund in this resolution and thereby On page 67, decrease the amount on line 3 apply these funds to the deficit. We On page 33, increase the amount on line 2 by $1,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. must focus all of our efforts on cre- On page 33, increase the amount on line 3 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 9 ating a fiscal dividend before we refund by $1,100,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. it or consume it. On page 33, increase the amount on line 10 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 10 I thank the Senator from Nebraska. I by $1,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. thank my colleagues. On page 33, increase the amount on line 11 Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I think Ms. SNOWE addressed the Chair. by $1,100,000,000. that there is no question that edu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under On page 48, decrease the amount on line 10 cation is one of the highest priorities the previous order, the Senator from by $300,000,000. On page 48, decrease the amount on line 17 that we can give in this budget resolu- Maine is recognized. by $300,000,000. tion, and certainly we should do every- AMENDMENT NO. 1128 On page 48, decrease the amount on line 24 thing that we can to ensure that it re- (Purpose: To increase funding for mandatory by $300,000,000. ceives our greatest attention. spending in Function 500) On page 48, decrease the amount on line 25 So I am very pleased to be able to Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I have an by $100,000,000. offer an amendment in conjunction amendment to offer. On page 49, decrease the amount on line 6 with many of my colleagues—Senator by $300,000,000. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, while On page 49, decrease the amount on line 7 ABRAHAM, Senator GRASSLEY, Senator that amendment is en route, might I by $200,000,000. COHEN, Senator BROWN, Senator KASSE- ask, did I yield back the remainder of On page 49, decrease the amount on line 13 BAUM, Senator LOTT, Senator CHAFEE, my time? by $300,000,000. and Senator SIMPSON—to restore $6.3

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7209 billion in the education account. While mittees may not follow those rec- their home or farms in order to pay for education will play a key part in the ommendations. They have the option their education. future of America’s children, let us not of pursuing other categories for spe- We want to make sure that Congress also forget the goal of this entire proc- cific reductions in spending. But we does not change the present law, which ess of this budget resolution and the have provided the offsets by reductions has made college more affordable for debate we are engaged in to balance in funding for the intelligent vehicle thousands of low- and middle-income the budget by the year 2000 is the program, NASA R&D for commercial families, and that is why we worked so greatest gift we could possibly be- aircraft, new Federal building con- hard to provide reasonable offsets queath to future generations of Ameri- struction, reducing the executive which will hopefully guarantee the cans. branch air carrier fleet from 1,500 continuation of present law which I know there have been various ef- planes to 1,350 planes and capping em- eliminates consideration of the home forts to restore funding towards edu- ployee bonuses, Federal employee bo- and the farm from the needs analysis cation, but the amendments that have nuses at $100 million from the present for student aid programs. We think been offered have certainly contained $300 million. that these offsets are a fair trade. fundamentally flawed funding mecha- We think that there are certain pri- As I said earlier, the committees may nisms. There has been much talk and orities that we should target in any determine that they can use other off- discussion here in the Senate about the budget resolution and throughout the sets, and that is certainly within our dividend that the Congressional Budget budgetary process of this year, one of purview and the prerogatives of the Office may provide to score the budget which certainly should be to help pro- committee. if we put in place a balanced budget by vide very critical and important assist- Our amendment is intended to ensure the year 2002, and that we may achieve ance to low- and middle-income fami- that those individuals and families liv- a savings of up to $170 billion. lies who depend upon Federal assist- ing off limited incomes will continue But that may or may not materialize ance to provide the educational assist- to have access to Federal student aid at the end of 7 years and, obviously, as ance for their children. to send their children to college. The each year goes by, it will be deter- Our amendment ensures adequate fact is that farms and homes should mined whether or not the targets have funding to protect several very impor- not be included in the calculation of a been met under this balanced budget tant policies regarding student finan- student’s eligibility for student grant resolution that hopefully will be en- cial aid. What we want to do and ac- or loan assistance because those assets acted into law, as well as reconcili- complish as a result of this amendment are not liquid and cannot be easily con- ation. is to ensure that the Labor and Edu- verted to cash for students to use to- But I do not think that on an issue as cation Committee is enforced to make ward their college education. important as education that we can changes in the student loan programs The second aspect of our amendment premise the restoration of funding that affect home and farm equity, in is student loan original fees which, I through an illusory estimate that, as I the determination of eligibility for stu- think, is also a critically important said, may or may not be there at the dent loans, increasing the student loan issue in terms of costs regarding edu- end of this budgetary process. origination fee or eliminating the cation. OBRA 1993 reduced the original But furthermore, the purpose of the grace period for beginning payments fee for both subsidized and unsub- budget resolution is to provide instruc- upon graduation. sidized loans from 5 percent to 3 per- tions to the Appropriate Committees, Our aim and goal is to ensure that cent. We believe that that is an impor- both the authorizations as well as the there are sufficient funds within this tant change and would like to see the Appropriations Committees, as to what account to preclude the Labor and Edu- Labor and Human Resources Com- funding levels they can rely upon in cation Committee from taking these mittee maintain this policy. Increasing which to conduct their work. steps, and our amendment is intended the loan origination fee increases the So they need to know what the bot- to provide enough money to protect principal amount that borrowers must tom line is, and that is what the budg- those policies. repay to the Federal Government and et resolution is all about, to tell them The impact of including home and the amount of interest the student how much they can spend and they, ac- farm equity in the calculations of eligi- must pay. cordingly, make the determinations as bility for Federal assistance would be Our amendment would provide to how they will proceed within the ag- enormous on so many families all enough money to hopefully protect the gregate numbers that have been pro- across this country. All we need to do present origination fee formula. Fi- vided to them in the respective func- is to examine the situation which oc- nally, our amendment would also en- tions within the Federal budget. curred prior to the enactment and the sure there is an adequate grace period I think we are playing a dangerous reauthorization of the Higher Edu- for those students after they graduate numbers game if we think we are going cation Act of 1992, when home and farm from college. We know that certainly to just restore funding based on this equity was considered in determining in these difficult economic times, stu- dividend that, again, may not mate- income eligibility for student assist- dents upon graduation do not easily rialize. I do not think that we can be ance. find employment, and the current fiscally presumptuous in basing these The inclusion of the value of family grace period is up to 6 months. numbers on such a funding mechanism. home or farm in the need calculation We think it makes sense for us to I think that we have the obligation to meant that many hard-working mid- continue to provide a grace period be- provide reliable, straightforward, fac- dle-income families were not able to cause students do not often find gainful tual estimates and data to the appro- qualify for student aid. These hard- employment immediately, and we do priations committees and the other working families, for whom their home not want to force them into a situation committees which will be engaged in or farm was their only real asset, were where they end up defaulting on their the work in trying to determine how punished by being shut out of Federal student loan almost immediately upon they reach these funding levels that student aid programs. graduation. So this grace period gives will be contained in this budget resolu- So in 1992, Congress recognized what them a chance not only to find employ- tion. a serious problem this had become for ment but also to begin planning so that But the amendment that I am offer- many families in America. So, con- they can eventually make the pay- ing today with my colleagues, as I said sequently, the 1992 higher education ments on their monthly loans. earlier, takes a fiscally responsible ap- amendments exempted a family’s farm As we know from the cost of college proach but, at the same time, helps to or principal resident from the student education and postsecondary edu- address the educational needs of the aid program in the calculations of their cation, it has become a very, very ex- next generation. need. This made it possible for low- to pensive proposition for the students, as Mr. President, we restore $6.3 billion middle-income families to receive help well as their families. in additional funding, but at the same from the Federal Government to send We are offering this amendment be- time we provide for specific offsets. their children to college, rather than cause we recognize that productivity Now, of course, the appropriate com- requiring them to try to mortgage and the performance of our economy is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 intertwined with the investments that than the growth of median incomes. ABRAHAM does not compromise the re- we make as a Nation in education. Without student aid, increasing costs solve to put our fiscal house in order. The structural changes in the Amer- make higher education out of reach for Nor does it impair the budget resolu- ican economy, the revolution tech- millions of Americans. tion. What it does is revise and realign nology, have made it necessary for stu- At a time when college costs are in- our priorities just slightly in the con- dents to attain training beyond high creasing dramatically, in fact, since text of the entire budget, but signifi- school for the work force of the future. 1988 college costs have risen by 54 per- cantly in our ability to fulfill what I While nearly 40 percent of today’s cent. We know salaries and income for think most agree is an appropriate and jobs are in low-skill occupations, only families have not increased 54 percent. valuable role for the Federal Govern- 27 percent will fall into that category We have to make sure that we care- ment. by the year 2000. At the same time, fully retain policies that will make I recognize that as chairman of the jobs in high-skill occupations will rise higher education accessible to millions Labor and Human Resources Com- from 24 percent to 41 percent of the of low- and middle-income families. mittee I might be accused of having work force. I also would like to read part of a let- adopted a ‘‘not in my backyard’’ atti- Looking at the new jobs that are ter from the American Council of Edu- tude toward the budget resolution. Let being created, and will be created in cation which supports this amendment, me assure my colleagues that this is this decade, more than half of the new saying ‘‘It will help millions of low- not the case. jobs created presently between now as and moderate-income students fulfill The committee will do its fair share well as the year 2000, will require edu- their goal of a college education. Pas- toward reducing the size and scope and cation beyond high school. sage of your amendment is essential if expense of Government. In fact, we In fact, the median year of education the fundamental promise of the Fed- started early making a 25-percent re- required by the new jobs is 13.5. This is eral student loan program is to remain duction in the committee’s own budg- a year and a half beyond high school. available to future generations of col- et, which was the largest cut in any of Therefore, every worker is going to lege students. We are grateful to you the Senate committee budgets. have to recognize that they will re- for offering it, and we urge all Members This is an amendment that should quire not only high school education to vote in favor of it.’’ pass. It has offsets that keep the budg- but certainly a postsecondary edu- I know this amendment will make a et on course toward balance. It makes cation of some kind, whether it is a 4- significant contribution to students no overly optimistic assumptions. It year college degree or technical edu- pursuing a higher education. I am does not touch taxes. It is a serious at- cation. Whatever it will be, it will re- pleased to be joined by several of my tempt to stay within the parameters quire not only postsecondary education colleagues who have cosponsored this which a majority of the Senate Com- but schooling beyond that, as well. legislation. mittee on the Budget endorsed in re- Men and women who continue their I would now like to yield to the Chair porting this resolution. education beyond high school, as we of the Labor and Human Resources I think it is also important to re- have seen in study after study, have Committee who is a cosponsor of this member what the budget resolution is. consistently earned more money on av- amendment. It is a resolution that makes no ref- erage each year than those who do not. Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I erence to any specific program; rather, In 1990, for example, the average in- appreciate the Senator from Maine it divides spending into broad overall come for high school graduates was al- yielding. I am very pleased to offer my categories. most $18,000. For those who had 1 to 3 support to the amendment that has I understand this amendment as- years of a college education, earned on been offered by Senator SNOWE and sumes some specific outsets. There are the average $24,000. Those who grad- Senator ABRAHAM. many other assumptions that could uated from college and received a col- As Senator SNOWE has pointed out, have been used to specifically define lege diploma received on average sal- this amendment would soften the im- those offsets. ary of $31,000. These statistics are from pact of the budget resolution on Fed- However, at this stage they are just the Census Bureau. eral student loan programs by reducing that—assumptions—and nothing more. The entire country benefits, as well. the reconciliation instruction to the They are not mandates on authorizers For every $1 we invest in education we Committee on Labor and Human Re- and appropriators. In the ends, author- get enormous returns as a result. Back sources by $6.3 billion over 7 years. izers and appropriators will make the in 1990, another study was conducted At the same time, it maintains the decisions on individual programs. that analyzed the school assistance objective of the resolution to achieve a Some of my colleagues may have ob- that was provided to high school stu- balanced budget by the year 2002 by jections to any specific offsets that dents back in 1972. For every $1 that making offsetting reductions in other may have been delineated and dis- the Federal Government invested in budget functions. cussed in relation to this amendment. the student loan programs at that During the course of the debate on While I am concerned about some of time, the Government received $4.3 in this budget resolution, I have listened the assumptions, one which may be re- return in tax revenues. to my colleagues speak about the sig- garding the NASA aviation research According to a study by the Brook- nificance of restoring sound fiscal pol- program, aviation research is vital not ings Institute, over the last 60 years, icy. Many have spoken to the fact that only to industry but also to public education and advancements in knowl- the true beneficiaries of this effort will safety and the environment. edge have accounted for 37 percent of be future generations—our children. I However, Mr. President, it is impor- our Nation’s economic growth. strongly agree. tant to remember that the amendment At a time in which education is be- I was privileged, and it was certainly itself does not refer to the advanced coming paramount in this global arena, a lesson in learning about the works of subsonic technology program or high- where it is going to make the dif- the budget and the Senate and the op- speed research, or NASA, for that mat- ference for an individual and the kind erations of Government, to serve on ter. of living that can be enjoying for them- the Budget Committee for a number of It refers only to a slight reduction in selves and their families, education years. I would like to at this time, Mr. the overall transportation function. puts them on the cutting edge. It puts President, particularly commend Sen- Less than one-half of 1 percent, in fact. our Nation on the threshold of com- ator DOMENICI, as chairman of the I would like to ask Senator SNOWE, is petition for the future. Budget Committee, who has for years, that not correct? If we deny individuals the oppor- labored in the vineyards of budgetary Ms. SNOWE. I would like to answer tunity to receive an education because policy and has put forward for the Sen- the Senator from Kansas. The Senator they lack the financial assistance or ate, at this time, I think, an extraor- is absolutely correct. We recommend the access to financial assistance, dinary budget. All who served on the offsets so that we determine the credi- clearly, we as a Nation, are going to Budget Committee should be com- bility of our numbers and ensuring the suffer. mended because it is not an easy task. committee can reach those funding lev- Costs of education have increased This amendment that is being put els, but certainly it is within the pre- significantly, two to three times faster forward by Senator SNOWE and Senator rogative of the respective committees

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7211 to determine how they reach those our undergraduate students will face I yield the remainder of my time. numbers. and also ensures that students will not Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, it gives They may choose to arrive at them be denied eligibility for loans because me a great deal of pleasure to yield as in a different way and make different of the value of their family’s home or much time as he may consume to Sen- reductions and offsets than the ones we farm. ator ABRAHAM of Michigan, who helped recommended. The specific offsets are I commend the Senators for offering in developing this amendment. I was not included in the legislation. We this amendment. pleased to work with him because we want to make sure they understand It should not be forgotten though share the goal in advancing the needs that we have some credible numbers that it is this budget resolution and for our families in this country with that have been scored by the CBO. the tremendous work of Chairman respect to education. Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I DOMENICI that will do so much to ben- Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, today thank the Senator from Maine. efit our students, both undergraduate I join Senator SNOWE in offering an I am confident, Mr. President, that and graduate. amendment to restore $6.3 billion in the authorizers and appropriators will The lower interest rates that will be mandatory education spending through evaluate programs under their jurisdic- achieved by getting to balance by 2002, offsetting cuts to corporate welfare and tion and set their own priorities. That will translate into hundreds of millions general Government. has always been the case. It will con- in savings for students who are paying Before I discuss the details of the tinue to be the case. off their student loans. amendment, let me make clear that This amendment leaves them more It is important to note that this my sponsorship in no way detracts than enough room to preserve a vital amendment offers real offsets for the from the chairman of the Budget Com- NASA function, for instance, aviation programs it wants to fund. This amend- mittee or his resolution. Senator ment doesn’t do across-the-board cuts, function, and meet the country’s press- DOMENICI and his staff have done a Her- ing transportation infrastructure or worse, tries to pay for it by assum- culean task of putting this budget to- needs. ing funds from the economic dividend. gether and they should be applauded. Likewise, the budget resolution This amendment provides real offsets In the area of education, however, I makes no specific assumptions about from other discretionary spending. have some concerns. I would like to comment briefly on how the Senate Committee and Labor Mr. President, going to college has one of the offsets—cutting back part of and Human Resources will meet its in- been an integral part of the American the Government’s private airlines. dream ever since Harvard University struction on mandatory spending. Yet, I have asked the GAO to review the was established by the General Court the range of options available to the number of planes that are owned by the of Massachusetts in 1636. For millions committee on mandatory programs is Federal Government. Incredibly, the of young Americans from lower and much more limited. Federal Government, not including middle-class families, a college edu- Even the adoption of this amendment DoD, has over 1500 planes—most of cation is the first step towards a will not leave the committee with an which are owned. easy task—as we still must produce Agencies like the Panama Canal brighter and more productive future. over $7 billion in savings among a rath- Commission, the Resolution Trust Cor- For many of these families, however, er limited number of options. I would poration, and the General Services Ad- that dream is out of reach without like to go further, but I do not believe ministration all have planes. some form of assistance. The student it would be realistic to do so. Now many of these planes are nec- loan program makes it possible for I share the goal of assuring that our essary, and do have important mis- children from families of modest means Nation’s young people do not face a fu- sions. However, GAO has found that a to attend college and get their degree. ture in which the burden of public debt significant number of these planes have Because of the important role the smothers their capacity to benefit from as their primary mission ferrying sen- student loan program plays in so many the fruits of their own labor. ior Government officials around. lives, I am concerned that the spending I thought Senator SNOWE, in her Similarly, the President’s Commis- reductions included in the education, comments, very eloquently laid out ex- sion on Integrity and Efficiency has training, employment, and social serv- actly why it was very important to be found that many of these aircraft are ices function will result in decreased able to add this money back to assist not necessary. access for low- and middle-income stu- with the student loan program in ways When we are asking others to tighten dents to a college education. While it that I think we all recognize would be their belts we cannot continue to fund should be noted that the reductions in very beneficial. a private airfleet for Government offi- this function will not necessarily come I believe the Snowe-Abraham amend- cials. out of the student loan program, the ment strikes a reasonable balance be- A good example of the wastefulness size of the reconciliation instructions tween these two important objectives. of these Government-owned aircraft is included for the Labor and Human Re- I urge its adoption by the Senate when highlighted in a recent report by the sources Committee make such cuts this amendment comes to a vote. NASA inspector general: possible. Thank you, Mr. President, I yield the Several NASA aircraft were used by NASA By reducing these instructions by floor. employees, other Government employees, $6.3 billion, I hope to relieve pressure Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I yield 5 and non-Federal travelers for official travel on the authorizing committee so that minutes to the Senator from Iowa, at higher costs than using commercial air- in reaching their target, they don’t Senator GRASSLEY. lines. have to resort to some of the cuts list- Mr. Grassley. Mr. President, I want An analysis of fiscal year 1992 and fiscal year 1993 travel, comparing the cost of travel ed in the CBO ‘‘Spending and Revenue to speak briefly in support of the using seven of the eight aircraft—NASA Options’’ book for mandatory edu- amendment offered by Senators SNOWE, owned aircraft—with the cost of using com- cation spending. ABRAHAM, and myself. mercial air flights, showed $5.9 million could Options like increasing the student Let me just say that as the 2d rank- be saved annually by using the commercial origination fee, including home and ing Republican on the Budget Com- flights. farm equity for when calculating finan- mittee, and having served on the Budg- This amendment assumes the selling cial need, and eliminating the 6-month et Committee for over 14 years, how of only a small number of planes, 150, grace period between graduation and much the committee has benefitted approximately the number that GAO when the loan payments begin hit stu- from the infusion of knowledge, ideas, believes are being used for travel pur- dents and then families hard when they and energy from these two Senators, poses. The amendment still allows the can afford it the least. The goal of this Senator SNOWE and Senator ABRAHAM, Government to retain over 1,400 planes amendment is to protect under- as well as Senator FRIST, the other to achieve their missions. graduate students from higher out- newcomer to the committee. This is a good amendment, I am pocket-costs when they apply for Fed- I am pleased to be joining these two proud to be a cosponsor of this amend- eral loans. Senators as an original cosponsor of ment that will help young people to at- To pay for this restoration of fund- this amendment which lessens the debt tend college. ing, we are offering the offsets from the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 transportation, general government, budget this year. But he did not. In- it tomorrow afternoon. Again, I con- and allowances function. Speaking gen- stead, the President sent us a budget gratulate the distinguished Senator erally, I am certain a good case could that had $200 billion of deficit this from Maine and the distinguished Sen- be made for each of these spending year, and over the next 7 years he con- ator from Michigan for the excellent areas. With the goal of balancing the tinued with deficits of the same nature. amendment which they have sub- budget, however, the Senate must set I do not think that continuing on the mitted. priorities, and trading corporate wel- path of deficit spending is acceptable. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fare for the dream of a college edu- To me it is morally wrong to be send- ator from Maine. cation is a good bargain. ing these bills on to our children and Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I would In conclusion, Mr. President, let me future generations. Some Members on now yield 2 minutes to the Senator just say that the Federal Government the other side of the aisle have sug- from Michigan. has been helping students gain access gested that selecting 7 years from now, Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I to higher education for over 40 years. the year 2002 is arbitrary. I mean why want to elaborate a little further on This partnership has enabled millions do you select 2002? How about 2005? some of the reasons why I think this of men and women to go to college, get There is nothing magic about 2002. But amendment is so important. As a can- their degree, and go on to live more let us get on with the job. Once you didate for the Senate during the 1994 productive and creative lives. This start down the slippery slope of saying campaign, I traveled throughout my amendment would protect that tradi- how about 2005, how about 2015 or 2020? State. I was struck by the extent to tion and ensure that student loans con- I do not go with the thinking of post- which young people in Michigan, col- tinue to be available to all Americans. poning it beyond 7 years. Seven years lege students, high school students, It is a good amendment, and I hope the provides us with enough time to imple- and others really believe that it was Senate will support it. ment the cuts in a manner that does important that we focus on the future. I yield back the balance of my time. not jeopardize our economy. They were looking to us, I think, those Ms. SNOWE addressed the Chair. Like every Senator, I have heard of us had who were running, to try to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- from people who come up to me, as address how we could make our Nation ator from Maine. every Senator here has had the experi- more competitive, how we could ex- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I would ence, and they say, ‘‘I am for balancing pand opportunities, particularly oppor- like to inquire as to how much time is the budget, but’’—the next word is al- tunities in the private sector in the remaining? ways ‘‘but’’—‘‘but please protect this next century, how we could be more The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- particular program I am interested in,’’ competitive in a global environment in ator has 27 minutes 50 seconds. whether it is education or the environ- which we compete no longer with just Ms. SNOWE. I would now yield 5 min- ment or health care or doing some- three or four other industrial nations utes to the Senator from Rhode Island, thing about law enforcement. You al- but with virtually the whole world. Senator CHAFEE. ways hear that word ‘‘but,’’ but do I think, as I talked to people, both The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- something about greater research at those who might themselves be bene- ator from Rhode Island. the NIH—whatever it might be. ficiaries of student loans in this 7-year Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I thank If we are going to balance this budg- period we are discussing but also to the distinguished Senator from Maine et, we have to have hits right across leaders of industry in my State, it be- for yielding me some time and con- the board, in a whole series of attrac- came increasingly clear to me that a gratulate her and Senator ABRAHAM for tive programs. Is this the perfect budg- top priority had to be a well-educated the amendment which they have pre- et? I do not think it is. I suppose, if work force, a work force prepared to be sented and of which I am a cosponsor. they had asked me to draw up a budg- competitive with the kind of global I believe they are on the right track. et, I could have done a better job, prob- economy which we will encounter. Any time you make substitutions, as ably. That is what I think. And every That is why I think it is important the Senator from Kansas pointed out, single Senator here thinks the same that we make our citizenry as competi- it is difficult. But I think the selection thing. But this budget is the first one tive as it can be. I believe this amend- of the substitutions that Senators in three decades that puts us on a path ment, by producing the kinds of envi- SNOWE and ABRAHAM made are good of fiscal responsibility. I congratulate ronments in which not only the volume ones. So that is a fine amendment and the chairman of the Budget Com- of student loans that are available does I am glad to be a cosponsor of it. mittee, Senator DOMENICI, for the ex- not decrease but the access to those I would just like to say, if I might, a traordinary work he has done. Not only loans by people of more modest means few words about this budget we are Senator DOMENICI, but the members of remains unchanged, is the way by considering here today and will vote on his committee likewise deserve con- which we can fulfill for many people tomorrow. It seems to me tremen- gratulations. their dreams to be able to participate dously important that we bear in mind We have a choice. We can stick with fully in the kind of competitive eco- that for 33 straight years this Nation of the status quo. We can do nothing. And nomic environment of the future. ours, through wars and recessions, we can just go on with $200 billion of For that reason, I think the amend- through good economic times and deficit this year going up to $400 billion ment particularly is sensible, one that through bad economic times, the Fed- in a few years. Or we can end these I hope other Members of the Senate eral Government has continually had deficits and do it now. The budget be- will join us in supporting when we cast to borrow money each year to pay its fore us leads America away from the our votes on this. bills. Why is this so bad? What it red ink and toward a better future for Mr. President, I yield the remainder means is that each year we continue to our children. of my time. finance the Government with debt, and If we succeed in balancing this budg- Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I am in doing so we steal the economic pros- et, as we are on the path to doing now, pleased to join Senators SNOWE, ABRA- perity of our children and our grand- we will reap the benefits of lower inter- HAM, GRASSLEY, BROWN, KASSEBAUM, children. Interest expenses this year est rates, stronger economic growth, and others in offering an amendment totaled $235 billion. Not a penny of that and the feeling, that wonderful feeling to the fiscal year 1996 budget resolu- for principal—$235 billion; 15 percent of that we are passing this Nation on to tion to restore funds to valuable edu- the total budget of the United States our children in better condition than cation programs by reducing funding now is being spent on interest on the we found it. What could be more worth- for Federal building projects by 50 per- debt. That amount of $235 billion will while than that? What more worthy cent. increase to $400 billion in just 10 years goal than to say we are not going to I strongly support this amendment unless we do something about this continue passing these bills on to our and believe that it represents a much budget. children and grandchildren? better use of scarce Federal resources. With the problem so clearly defined, Mr. President, I just hope this budget I am very concerned about the cost of you would think the President would before us will receive the support from Federal construction projects. Last have addressed it when he sent up a every single Senator when we vote on Congress, I introduced legislation to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7213 reform the way the Federal Govern- square feet which, if authorized, could by Senators SNOWE, ABRAHAM, GRASS- ment manages its office space. I was result in $1.1 billion in unneeded court- LEY, BROWN, KASSEBAUM, COHEN, LOTT, concerned that the Government had house space. I, along with a number of and CHAFEE. billions of dollars in construction my colleagues, wrote GAO to request I support the goal of the amend- projects in the works and did not seem an audit of the Federal courthouse con- ment—to provide increased funds for to be focusing enough attention on struction program. That report is due higher education. My record is clear whether these projects were being con- out later this year. and unequivical on education funding. structed or renovated in the most cost- Last March, Senator KERREY and I These funds must be increased, but not effective manner, whether the Federal offered a sense-of-the-Senate amend- in the way proposed by the proponents Government was building in areas al- ment to the fiscal year 1995 budget res- of this amendment. I would like to ready glutted with commercial real es- olution calling for a 1-year moratorium speak about two of the offsets that the tate, or even whether projects were on construction of new Federal court- amendment identifies and discuss the truly needed. houses. Although it passed the Senate, impact which these cuts would have on Numerous General Accounting Office the provision was dropped in con- our economy. [GAO], and General Services Adminis- ference and a number of courthouses and other Federal office buildings were First, the amendment would zero out tration [GSA], Inspector General [IG] two important NASA programs. These reports over the years have consist- subsequently funded. More recently, I joined Senator programs are the R&D or seed corn ently identified problems in GSA’s real type programs which many of my col- estate portfolio and its chronic history KERREY in offering an amendment to the rescission bill that would have leagues have heard me speak about in of wasteful spending and mismanage- the past. This amendment would zero ment. The agency’s long standing prob- added over $300 million in deficit reduc- tion to be taken from wasteful or un- out NASA’s High-Speed Research Pro- lems have significantly impaired its gram, and NASA’s Advanced Subsonic ability to meet the property needs of necessary GSA projects. The amend- ment would have scaled back projects Technology Program. the Federal Government in a cost-ef- Before I talk about these specific fective and business-like manner. My that were not authorized or that the GSA itself has either never asked for or programs, I would like to observe that legislation directed OMB to review said are unnecessary or lavish. Senator NASA has already absorbed more than Federal property management policies SHELBY offered a second degree amend- its share of budget cuts. A couple of and implement changes to ensure bet- ment which expanded the projects cov- figures will illustrate what I am talk- ter coordination among Federal agen- ered to all Federal new construction, ing about: In fiscal year 1993, NASA’s 5- cies, focus on longer term cost-effec- repair and alteration projects, includ- year budget request was about $122 bil- tiveness, and achieve cost savings. ing those that had gone through the lion. The fiscal year 1996 request is now While my legislation was passed by the normal authorization process, elimi- $82 billion for the next 5 years. NASA Senate, it was amended in conference nating $1.9 billion in funding for Fed- has been cut by one-third in just over 2 to require GAO to do a study to deter- eral construction projects. Unfortu- years. mine the feasibility and effectiveness nately, much of the $1.9 billion cut by NASA has stepped up to the plate to of establishing a single Federal agency the Shelby amendment was restored in reduce bureaucracy and improve the responsible for selling and otherwise conference. Mr. President, at a time way it does business. Under Dan disposing of real property owned by the when we are looking at cuts in edu- Goldin’s leadership the agency is cur- Department of Housing and Urban De- cation and many valuable programs, I rently going through a painful process velopment [HUD], Farmers Home Ad- find it hard to believe that we cannot of reducing its budget by $5 billion over ministration, Department of Agri- find the means to cut funds for Federal the next 5 years. Mr. Goldin believes culture, Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- building projects first. that this can be achieved without poration [FDIC], and the Resolution I have commended GSA Adminis- eliminating programs. He has a tough Trust Corporation [RTC]. This report is trator Roger Johnson in the past for row to hoe to achieve this. Further due out later this year. his efforts to reform GSA and save tax- cuts in NASA’s budget will simply re- In July 1993, I held a hearing in the payers’ dollars. At his confirmation Senate Subcommittee on Oversight of sult in the elimination of current pro- hearing, I asked Johnson to suspend grams. Government Management to examine and review all Federal construction how GSA manages its real estate. The Now, let me talk about the High- projects to determine if the projects Speed Research Program first. The results were quite disturbing. The were truly needed. GSA Administrator hearing highlighted the fact that the goal of this program is to help develop Roger Johnson’s time out and review the technologies industry needs to de- Federal Government was constructing looked at about 200 construction and it did not need and leasing buildings it sign and build an environmentally leasing projects and recommended compatible and economically competi- could not afford. Last May, the full changes with potential savings of $1.2 Governmental Affairs Committee ex- tive high-speed civil jet transport for billion. While this is certainly a step in the 21st century. The technology devel- amined waste in the Federal court- the right direction, more still needs to house construction program. The hear- opments are to reach an appropriate be done. stage of maturity to enable an industry ing illustrated that the Federal Gov- As Congress looks for ways to ad- decision on aircraft production by 2001. ernment was wasting millions of dol- dress the Federal budget deficit, we lars on courthouses that were padded must ensure that Government pro- Mr. President, the technologies cur- with extravagant features such as grams and agencies are operating in rently needed to develop such a trans- brass doorknobs, kitchenettes, custom the most cost effective manner pos- port are beyond the state of the art. lighting, and expensive wood paneling. sible. In these times of tight budgetary NASA estimates that industry will During these hearings, R.S. Means, a constraint, this amendment makes need to invest more than $20 billion to Boston company that surveys con- sense. I am pleased to cosponsor this bring such a transport to market. struction costs, reported that the Fed- amendment which will reduce funding Studies have identified a substantial eral Government was paying at least of Federal buildings projects by 50 per- market for a future supersonic airliner two to three times as much to build a cent, on top of the 25 percent already to meet rapidly growing demand for Federal courthouse or office building assumed in the budget resolution, and long-haul travel, particularly across than it cost to build a State court- target these funds to helping students the Pacific. Over the period from 2005 house or construct a building for the go to college. This amendment rep- to 2015, this market could support 500 private sector. resents a better use of scarce Federal to 1,000 aircraft, creating a multibillion The GAO also found major flaws in dollars and puts money back into im- dollar sales opportunity for its pro- the methodology used by the Federal portant education programs. I urge my ducers. Such an aircraft will be essen- judiciary for estimating future court colleagues to support the adoption of tial for capturing the valuable long- space needs. As a result, future space this amendment. haul Pacific rim market. needs for a 10-year period were over- Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I rise in As currently envisioned an HSCT air- estimated by more than 3 million opposition to the amendment proposed craft should be designed to carry 300

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 passengers at Mach 2.4 on transoceanic Meets future technology needs for Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and routes over distances up to 6,000 nau- next generation aircraft. nays. tical miles at fares comparable to sub- Enables NASA to develop high-risk, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. sonic transports. high-payoff, precompetitive technology FRIST). Is there a sufficient second? Now let me talk about the Advanced to prove feasibility so that industry There appears to be a sufficient sec- Subsonic Technology Program. may complete development and apply ond. The goal of NASA’s Advanced Sub- technology to specific products. The yeas and nays were ordered. sonic Technology Program is to de- Will result in accomplishments in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who velop, in cooperation with the FAA and noise prediction codes for quieter en- yields time? the U.S. aeronautics industry, high gines, nondestructive evaluation tech- Ms. SNOWE. I yield back the remain- payoff technologies to enable a safe, niques for detecting corrosion, cracks der of my time. highly productive global air transpor- and disbonds; analytical tools to under- Mr. BUMPERS addressed the Chair. tation system that includes a new gen- stand airraft wake cortices for safe The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who eration of environmentally compatible, landings. yields time? economical U.S. subsonic aircraft. Assists in preserving 1 million U.S. Mr. EXON. I yield time for an inquiry Some of the technologies and issues high-quality jobs and $25 to $30 billion by the Senator from Arkansas, or I will being studied and developed in this pro- annual positive balance of trade for yield him what time he needs on his gram include: U.S. aviation. amendment. I guess what we were hop- Fly by light/power by wire: a fully The High-Speed Research program ing for is to restore the balance of the digital aircraft control system which will: time due on this side on the amend- Enable NASA to develop early, high- would be substantially lighter, more ment offered by the Senator from risk technology for future environ- reliable, and efficient than current Maine. I would make inquiry at this mentally compatible, economically control systems. time, if the Senator from Maine would competitive, high-speed civil transport Aging aircraft: to develop new ways consider setting aside her amendment aircraft—technologies needed are be- of inspecting aircraft to determine now that the yeas and nays have been yond state of the art; ordered so that we can allow Senator their airworthiness. New approaches Industry will take NASA technology BUMPERS to proceed with the offering are being developed to determine the and invest $20 billion to actually de- of an amendment that he has that we residual strength in airframes using velop aircraft, and advanced nondestructive technologies. If the United States is first to mar- will vote on tomorrow. It might be worth thinking about this ket, the U.S. market share could grow Several Senators addressed the program the next time you are sitting to 80 percent, achieve $200 billion in Chair. in a 727 that is 20 years old waiting to sales, and create 140,000 new U.S. jobs. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I was take off on a cross-country flight. Thank you Mr. President. I urge my not here. But essentially there is time Noise reduction: This program is de- colleagues to vote against the Snowe- remaining in opposition to the amend- veloping technologies to reduce air- Abraham amendment. ment. I have to use a little bit of that. craft noise by 10 decibels or more by Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I would In fact, that is what I was discussing. I the year 2000. like to say in conclusion that I cer- told the Senator I wanted to discuss Terminal area productivity: Tech- tainly appreciate the efforts by the this before I asked her to set her nologies, chiefly involving air traffic Senator from Michigan, and other col- amendment aside. control, that can improve the effi- leagues and cosponsors of this amend- So I am willing that that time be ciency of operations on the ground at ment, on a very critical and important charged in opposition, however, any- busy airports. issue in our estimation. We want to be body would want to do it. If somebody Integrated wing design: New con- sure that the American people under- wants to speak on the general budget, cepts, design methodologies, model fab- stand and know that we consider edu- I will yield them time. Does the Sen- rication and test techniques are being cation to be one of the highest prior- ator from Alabama need time? developed to provide industry an inte- ities. That is why we are seeking to re- Mr. SHELBY. I need 15 minutes. grated capability to achieve increased store $6.3 billion in the education ac- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 15 minutes in aircraft performance at lower cost. count. opposition to the Snowe amendment at Propulsion: Technologies to improve When you consider the fact that this point. I am trying to make ar- fuel efficiency of future commercial en- since 1988 students’ education costs in- rangements. gines by at least 8 percent and reduce creased by 219 percent, it is almost dif- Mr. EXON. I thank my friend. nitrogen oxides by 70 percent over cur- ficult to comprehend, because the aver- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- rent technology. These are only some age family has been struggling since ator from Alabama. of the technologies being developed that time in some very difficult and Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, over the under the program which the amend- unusual economic times, considering past few days Members on the other ment’s proponents would completely the recession that we have had, cer- side of the aisle basically have claimed gut. It is a truly shortsighted amend- tainly in my State of Maine and in the to represent the best interests of hard- ment that would eliminate these im- New England area, which was the hard- working Americans. They stood up portant applied technology programs. est hit in addition to the other parts of with charts and made passionate Mr. President, it is no secret that the country, especially California. We speeches, and say they know better. aerospace business is a Government- represented a third of all of the jobs They criticized the Domenici budget, private sector partnership. Historically that were lost during the course of that although they have no budget of their our Government has funded aero- recession. own. nautics R&D, and industry has taken So when you consider the fact that I believe that the budget resolution this basic technology and developed education needs became more impor- debate has been demagogued to death. aircraft that have dominated the world tant, we have to make sure that they This debate has been turned into an market. Over the last decade or so, have access to adequate funding for fi- issue of who is compassionate and who other governments have gotten into nancial assistance in the future. Not is not, and rich against poor, even the act. Currently the U.S. Market only is it essential for their future, but though the Senate budget resolution share is about 65 percent, down from it also essential to this country’s fu- does not include $1 yet in tax cuts. about 91 percent in the 1960’s. ture when you consider how important Never mind we do not touch Head Cutting these two important pro- the educational experience is going to Start. Never mind that we do not touch grams will not help us regain this mar- be for global competition in and for the the School Lunch Program. Mr. Presi- ket share—quite the opposite. We will economic world we will be facing in the dent, never mind that we do not cut be sending a signal that the U.S. air- next century and beyond. Social Security. Never mind that we craft industry will be less competitive. So I appreciate the statements that preserve Medicare, which will go bank- In summary, the advanced subsonic have been made by all of my col- rupt unless responsible leaders take ac- technology: leagues. tion.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7215 I believe we need tonight to discuss systematic shortfall of savings below The Congressional Budget Office has the real issues, like our tremendous na- investment due to an expansion con- outlined the potential economic im- tional debt and our endless string of sumption relative to income. pacts of balancing the budget by the deficits. I believe that people on the The implication is that we borrowed year 2002. They project long-term in- other side of the aisle do not want to to finance current consumption, ex- terest rates will fall by almost 2 per- debate basically the fact that we are penditures that have no real effect on centage points. They also project an in- the biggest debtor nation in the world. economic growth or future income in crease in real GNP of almost 1 percent, People on the other side of the aisle I this Nation. In other words, the Gov- just from practicing a little fiscal dis- believe do not basically want to debate ernment is borrowing abroad to finance cipline. the fact that the dollar is, overall, los- the excess of expenditures over income. Mr. President, a balanced budget is ing its value against most major cur- Projections of higher current account good for America today, tomorrow and rencies, and that hard-working Ameri- deficits run well into the foreseeable forever. That is why I am going to sup- cans are losing purchasing power every future, which does not bode well for port the Domenici budget. time the dollar depreciates. No, Mr. this country. I suggest the absence of a quorum. President, they will not debate the real The increase in interest rates caused The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who issues. by budget deficits increase the cost of yields time for that purpose? Mr. President, I was once told that capital, home mortgages, car payments Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. on the other side of the aisle people see and any other goods that are financed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- what they want to see, and that the If the other side of the aisle really ator from New Mexico. Republicans have the unfortunate wants to help the hard-working, mid- Mr. DOMENICI. Pardon me, Mr. tendency of seeing what is there. I dle-class Americans, it seems to me President, for not being in the Cham- would like to show you what is there. they should help them reduce the cost ber. I yield 15 minutes to Senator Because what is there are the real of living instead of adding, Mr. Presi- THOMPSON from Tennessee who desires issues. dent, to their already tremendous bur- to speak in opposition to the amend- I want to share with you a chart, if I den. ment. can, a chart that shows the Federal It is true that hard-working, middle- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Government’s net financial assets be- class Americans need relief, but on the ator from Tennessee. ginning in the year 1946, which is over other side of the aisle I think a lot of Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, we here, through 1993. Instead of an up- the people just cannot accept the no- are now in the midst of a budget de- ward spiral, you see a downward spiral tion that relief does not have to come bate, but in listening to the debate because these are real issues. in the form of a check, Mr. President, over the last several days it has be- This chart comes from data con- in the form of a check from the Gov- come apparent to me this is not just a tained in the 1995 Economic Report of ernment every month. No, they do not debate over the budget, not just about the President. It shows the Federal have to accept the notion of freedom the need to balance the budget or budg- Government’s net financial assets, as I and free markets. They still believe et priorities. It is a debate over two said, from 1946 to 1993. that Americans depend on Government conflicting sets of ideas, and ulti- As one can see on the chart, the Fed- for their livelihood. mately it is a debate over how much eral Government is depleting the na- I reject that notion wholeheartedly. I faith we have in the American people tional wealth of the United States understand the unpleasantries of debt- to support a policy that we all know is every year. It is going down. But look stricken countries. We all do. Let me right. at it over here, how fast it is going tell you that the restrained growth in Many Americans believe that our down. The greatest country in the this budget resolution is more compas- country is at a crossroads. While we all world, Mr. President, the United States sionate, more beneficial and more tol- know that we were the victors of the of America, the great economic leader erable than any experience of a bank- cold war and we are still strong and of our time, possessed net financial as- rupt country. The immediate gratifi- prosperous, more and more of our peo- sets of nearly $3 trillion in 1993. Far cation of consumption does not out- ple are coming to the conclusion that from saving our children and investing weigh the tremendous long-term bene- there are some things in this country in our kids for tomorrow, the spending fits of a balanced budget. that are simply wrong: the youthful- machine of the Federal Government is Democrats supposedly believe in a ness and the viciousness of our crime, squandering away our resources at a balanced budget. However, they have our welfare dependency and social dis- record rate. presented no proposal that I have seen. integration that comes from that, a The chart says it better than we can. President Clinton supposedly believes gradual slowing of our economy, our In fact, net financial assets of the Fed- in a balanced budget, but he has not extremely low savings rate and low in- eral Government have been decreasing presented one here that I know of. vestment rate, a greater and greater at a rate of 7.1 percent a year over the President Clinton, I understand, will dependency upon foreign money to past 20 years, while private wealth has not even support a $16 billion rescission prop our economy up. Americans won- grown only 3.2 percent. The Federal package much less the $175 billion in der how long we can remain strong Government is depleting national cuts necessary to balance the budget when we are losing so many things that wealth at a rate twice as fast as the this year. And $16 billion, Mr. Presi- have made us strong. private sector can create. This is a dent, is only 9 percent of this year’s We look at the lessons of history, and trend that we cannot simply sustain as deficit. Come to find out it is only .3 we see that the fate of other great na- a Nation. percent of the $4.8 trillion debt. tions where they have gone down the There is a direct impact in the rise in The actions of President Clinton and road of bigger government, higher Government budget deficits, which is his party do not match their words. taxes and increasing debt and moral to worsen the current account balance Their idea of deficit reduction is the and intellectual laziness. We see how and place upward pressure on interest Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of they enjoyed their brief hour upon the rates. Our current account stood at 1993 that we all know included the larg- world’s stage and then moved on and $104 billion in 1993. This means we ei- est tax increase in history. Did it re- declined. And we wonder if ours is ther sold $104 billion in assets to for- duce the deficit, Mr. President? Yes. going to be the generation that over- eign entities, borrowed $104 billion Only temporarily, for a year or two. sees the decline of the United States of from foreign entities, or a combination But if one looks at the outyears, deficit America to the role of a second-rate of the two. spending just keeps going up as far as country. Although a current account deficit in the eye can see. We certainly are not addressing the and of itself is not a bad thing, the ac- What do we have to show for our $241 totality of this situation during this cumulation of persistent current ac- billion tax increase? Nothing, I would current debate. Indeed, we must ques- count deficits over time leads to an submit—nothing but increasing deficits tion how much in the way of solution overwhelmingly external debt that we and reduced disposable income for actually lies in the hands of the Fed- have today. These deficits identify a hard-working Americans. eral Government. However, this debate

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 does involve an area that is largely with universal dismay and derision and college nowadays cannot even read and under the control of Congress. Indeed, have since been abandoned by our write. some might say that Congress was pri- friends across the aisle. They talk about defending the elder- marily the cause of it. And it is the We tried to pass the balanced budget ly when it is their policies, the policies most serious economic problem facing amendment. At this point the defend- of the past, that have put us on the our Nation. That is a debt that is lit- ers of the status quo, being able to see verge of bankrupting both Social Secu- erally bankrupting our country. which way the wind was blowing, ac- rity and the Medicare trust funds. One of the things most basic to knowledged the need to balance the They talk about making sure that human nature, Mr. President, is look- budget but forcefully argued that we the wealthy receive no additional ing out for those who we bring into the should balance it without a constitu- breaks, and yet it is the wealthy who world, and for most of our country’s tional amendment; that all we needed are the bond holders who are receiving history we did just that. Through world to do was exercise our responsibility as the astronomical interest payments wars, through a Great Depression, we legislators. Besides that, they said, tell that we make on our national debt. Ac- paid for what we consumed. However, us how you are going to balance the cording to the Congressional Budget for a quarter of a century or so now, we budget. We want to see a plan. And Office, without deficit reduction, an- have gone off on another track. We they defeated the balanced budget nual interest payments by 2002 will bal- have gone off on a spending spree, and amendment by a single vote. loon to $334 billion. we are borrowing money now from fu- Now the Republicans have submitted No, the plain truth is that the only ture generations. Over the years, every the balanced budget resolution. We way for these groups to get what they interest group imaginable has orga- have detailed a plan, and we are ready deserve and to prosper in the years nized itself and made its demand on the to take on the responsibility. Now our ahead is to turn our backs on the failed Federal Treasury. And since we are a colleagues on the other side of the policies of these so-called defenders system essentially of professional leg- aisle, backed into a corner, slip their and rectify the damage that they have islators whose primary interest is in favorite old worn out record on the already done by moving toward a bal- reelection, the answer to these de- Victrola. Side A is entitled ‘‘Scare the anced budget. The balanced budget res- mands for more Federal dollars is usu- Sick and the Elderly.’’ Almost as pop- olution before this body is the first ally yes. So program is piled upon pro- ular with them is the flip side called major step toward that end. gram, and once a program is created ‘‘Class Warfare’’—in other words, the These budget critics want to refight and its constituency is created, it is same old record that they were playing the eighties again, ignoring their own never done away with. It is seldom during the last congressional elections, part in the spending binge that ran up even reduced. It is usually only ex- which proved so rewarding for them. the deficit. They say it was the Presi- panded. And more and more people are They rail against tax cuts for the rich dent’s fault back then. I say to my increasingly dependent upon the so- when in fact there are no tax cuts in friends on the other side, the constitu- called free money that we are bor- this budget for anybody, much less the tional authority of the President of the rowing from our children and grand- rich. However, they correctly point out United States has not changed. If it children. that there might be $170 billion divi- was the President’s fault in the Mr. President, it is obvious the dend if in fact a balanced budget is cer- eighties, whose fault is it now? American people have decided that this tified. And they seem petrified at the As a recent Washington Post edi- country cannot survive under this old thought that this might actually result torial said: way of doing business. They have right- in some taxpayers getting the benefit Democratic complaints about Republican fully decided that we cannot sustain an of some of the money in the form of a budget plans will continue to have a hollow almost $5 trillion debt that is still tax cut; in other words, getting to keep and unpersuasive ring until the Democrats growing. They have decided we will not a little bit of the money that they begin to come up with specific alternatives of their own. Until then they will merely saddle our future generations with earned in the first place. So now in- seem to be defending the present spending higher interest rates, less affordable stead of helping us balance the budget, pattern, with its succession of $200 billion a homes, fewer jobs, lower wages and a they are busy trying to figure out how year deficit reaching as far as the eye can loss of economic sovereignty. They un- to spend this $170 billion that they had see that President Clinton projected in the derstand we are on the verge of bank- no hand in producing and that does not budget he sent to Congress last February. rupting two of our most important so- even exist yet. Now, it should be kept clearly in cial programs in this country, Social Clearly, the tax-and-spend philos- mind that we are not going through Security and Medicare, if we do not ophy that has gotten us into the trou- this exercise simply to avert disaster, take immediate steps. ble that we are in is alive and well. Mr. although that would be reason enough. In response to this clear mandate, President, the opponents of this budget We are doing it to ensure future pros- the Republicans on the Budget Com- who for so long promoted big spending perity, Mr. President. Eliminating the mittee, without one Democratic vote, and every pork barrel project to come deficit could bring widespread benefit have produced a plan that will balance down the pike, including the Presi- in the form of lower interest rates for the budget by the year 2002 by slowing dent’s ill-fated stimulus package, and mortgages and business loans. That the growth in Federal spending from 5 who have opposed the balanced budget would spur a boon in housing construc- percent a year to 3 percent a year. It amendment and a balanced budget are tion and business investment which protects Social Security, saves Medi- now saying that we are not balancing would create jobs and raise incomes. care from bankruptcy, maintains the it in the right way. They say, ‘‘We defi- The Congressional Budget Office Social Security safety net, reduces the nitely want a balanced budget, but not states that the package of a credible Federal Government and removes at the expense of group A or group B or balanced budget plan would lead the power out of Washington back to the group C’’ and the groups go on and on bond market to bid down interest rates people. and on. In other words, we cannot re- almost immediately. Of course, the defenders of the status duce the rate of growth in any areas New home buyers would be clear win- quo continue to do everything possible even where the growth rate is out of ners. If interest rates dropped only 1 to defeat these goals. They first denied hand if it actually affects anyone. percent, a young couple with a $100,000 the need to balance the budget. They The defenders of the status quo talk mortgage would save enough over the are only following the President’s lead about protecting children when it is life of that mortgage to put one of in that regard. He has submitted what their policies of the past that have their children through college for a the Washington Post called a ‘‘weak robbed these children of their future year without any help from the Federal and directionless budget’’ that will add prosperity. They talk about defending Government. over $1.2 trillion to our national debt the college student when it is the phi- Roger Brinner, chief economist with over 5 years. Then his senior economic losophy of ‘‘spending is the solution to the forecasting firm of DRI McGraw- adviser claimed that cutting the budg- everything’’ which has greatly dimin- Hill estimates balancing the budget et would actually be bad for the econ- ished the value of a college degree be- would raise America’s yearly output an omy. These developments were met cause so many of our students entering extra 2.5 percent over the next 10 years.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7217 That would mean an average of an UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENTS as part of his unanimous-consent extra $1,000 a year for each American Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask agreement that after the disposition of family. He adds that the economy unanimous consent that the Snowe the Hatfield amendment that we would would create 2.4 million more jobs by amendment be laid aside until 8 a.m. go back and meet a commitment that the year 2005 than if the deficit re- tomorrow in status quo. we have made through Senator BOXER mained unchecked. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without on this side, and that her amendment The General Accounting Office objection, it is so ordered. would follow the discussion of the Hat- projects Americans living by 2025 Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I now field amendment? would enjoy per capita incomes of ask unanimous consent that Senator Mr. DOMENICI. So long as we make $9,500 higher if Washington succeeds in BUMPERS be recognized to offer an no agreements, other than that Sen- bringing the deficit under control. amendment on which there be 20 min- ator BOXER is next, I so request. Many analysts believe that the dollar utes under the control of Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there slide in March was due to our failure to BUMPERS and 10 minutes under my con- objection to the several unanimous- pass a balanced budget amendment. trol; that no amendments be in order consent requests? The U.S. dollar has rebounded in for- to the Bumpers amendment; and that Without objection, it is so ordered. eign exchange markets during the last when the Senate votes, it vote on or in Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask several weeks, in part because of a relation to the Bumpers amendment. Senator BUMPERS if he could do me a growing belief among foreign investors The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without special favor. that the United States is finally mov- objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BUMPERS. If this amendment of ing to put its economic house in order. Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- Senator STEVENS has been cleared, that So, Mr. President, we must reject the ject. is fine. ideas and practices of the past which I have no objection. Mr. DOMENICI. Without in any way Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I fur- have caused this problem. We must changing the time allowed, I wonder if ther ask unanimous consent that fol- also reject the rhetoric which appeals we could now recognize Senator STE- lowing the debate on the Bumpers to fear and prejudice and appeals to VENS who has an amendment that has amendment, Senator HATFIELD be rec- greed to use and consume everything been approved on both sides. I will ognized to offer an amendment. we can get our hands on today and not yield for 2 or 3 minutes and I ask that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there concern ourselves with the future and he be permitted to speak. objection to the request? the fact that it is our own children’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. EXON. I simply say that this is ator from Alaska is recognized. birthright that we are consuming. going to go push things back a little And so, Mr. President, let us get on Mr. STEVENS. I thank my friend. I bit. We are trying to accommodate ev- about with what the people sent us am apologetic that I did not appear be- erybody here at one time. Is the Sen- here to do while it is still not too late fore. I had constituents here. ator insisting on making an agreement to change our direction. We as Mem- AMENDMENT NO. 1129 at this time to go back to Senator HAT- bers of this body must have the cour- (Purpose: To provide for a sense of the Con- FIELD’s amendment? age to stand up to the demagoguery gress regarding full funding for Decade of Mr. DOMENICI. Not back to it. He the Brain research) and any short-term political risk we never offered it. That will be rotating, Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I send might be taking by doing what we and he has received assurance from me an amendment to the desk and ask for know is right. for 36 hours that he was the next thing its immediate consideration. I am firmly convinced ultimately the after the Snowe amendment. We did The PRESIDING OFFICER. The American people are willing to do what not know about the Senator’s. That is clerk will report. is necessary to ensure a brighter future to be put ahead of it, after the Demo- The legislative clerk read as follows: for our children, and we must have the crat amendment. I must do that. I can- The Senator from Alaska [Mr. STEVENS], wisdom to follow them and the courage not agree on time, but I think it will be for himself and Mr. DOMENICI, proposes an to lead them. I yield the floor. reasonable considering the cir- amendment numbered 1129. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. cumstances. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. EXON. Under the circumstances, unanimous consent that reading of the ator from New Mexico. we have no objection. amendment be dispensed with. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without thank Senator THOMPSON. objection? objection, it is so ordered. We are going to enter a unanimous Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I won- The amendment is as follows: consent request. der if the distinguished floor manager Mr. EXON. May I suggest to my At the appropriate place in Title III of the would be willing to also state that at resolution insert the following new section: friend, possibly we can get started with the time the rollcalls occur on these SEC. . SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING Senator BUMPERS, and then I think we amendments, that mine follow that FULL FUNDING FOR DECADE OF THE all know what the unanimous consent amendment of the Senator from Maine, BRAIN RESEARCH. request is going to be. We can finalize (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— Senator SNOWE. (1) long term health care costs associated it and type it up sometime during the Mr. DOMENICI. What about fol- debate. with diseases and disorders of the brain have lowing Senator FEINGOLD’s? a substantial impact on federal expenditures Mr. DOMENICI. It is coming right Mr. BUMPERS. That is fine. for Medicaid and Medicare, and on the earn- now. I agree, we could probably stam- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ing potential of the Nation; mer around and between us we might make that request. (2) to highlight the impact of brain dis- be able to articulate the unanimous- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there eases and disorders on the economy and well consent request. objection? being of the Nation the Congress has de- Mr. EXON. As usual. Mr. DOMENICI. Whatever the order clared the 1990’s the Decade of the Brain; Mr. DOMENICI. I have difficulty with is that the leader agrees to pursuant to (3) meaningful research has been initiated as part of the Decade of the Brain; that. Let me just make sure we have it the unanimous consent request, Sen- (4) if fully funded this research could pro- down. ator BUMPERS will follow Senator FEIN- vide important new medical breakthroughs; Mr. President, I wonder, without de- GOLD. and tracting anything from Senator BUMP- Mr. BUMPERS. I thought it would be (5) these breakthroughs could result in a ERS who is going to get 20 minutes very better if rollcalls followed the sequence significant reduction in costs to the Federal soon on his amendment and he can in which the amendments are offered. Government. (d) SENE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense share that with Senator MURRAY, as I Mr. DOMENICI. We do not know of the Congress that in furtherance of the understand it, Senator STEVENS had a what is going to happen to Senator goals of the Decade of the Brain the appro- sense-of-the-Senate resolution cleared SNOWE’s amendment. It could have sec- priate committees should seek to ensure on both sides. I understand you all ond degrees. that full funding is provided for research on have cleared it. We cleared it. Mr. EXON. Will the Senator, in order brain diseases and disorders in each of the Mr. EXON. The Senator is correct. to keep the flow properly here, include fiscal years to which this resolution applies.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Mr. STEVENS. I ask unanimous con- term memory storage, while another order among young Americans age 15 sent to add Senator DOMENICI as a co- form turns them off. The activating to 25. sponsor. form of CREB may dominate when im- Two million Americans a year suffer The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without portant things are going on, and the head injuries at a cost of more than $25 objection, it is so ordered. memory-repressing form when unnec- billion a year. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, this essary information needs to be filtered Since 1990 scientists have found that deals with the decade of the brain. out. the permanent harm from traumatic Over 50 million Americans each year CRIF—brain chemical that may brain injury increases with each hour are affected by disease or disorders of eventually control stress. It is a chem- and day after the injury. the brain and central nervous system. ical that suppresses the body’s stress This produces a clear opportunity to The impact on society is approxi- response. Researchers at the Univer- develop powerful new emergency treat- mately $300 billion a year. But even as sity of Pennsylvania are currently ments. scientific progress races ahead, public studying it. By the year 2000 effective therapies awareness is falling behind. The DANA Riluzole—An experimental drug that to limit brain damage now in human Foundation has 10 attainable goals by has shown some success in slowing the trials will be approved. the year 2000. These are; progression of the muscle-wasting Lou Increasingly sophisticated neuropro- First, the identification of the genes Gehrig’s disease. This disease affects tective strategies will be introduced. that are defective in familial Alz- 30,000 people in the United States. Alzheimer’s disease may be the single heimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. Congress first authorized and Presi- most important area of societal need Second, the identification of the dent Bush proclaimed the ‘‘Decade of for biomedical research, according to genes responsible for manic-depressive the Brain’’ in 1990. the National Academy on Aging (June illness. The growth in our knowledge of the 1994). Third, the identification of new brain over the last 5 years has exceeded Four million Americans a year and 20 medications and therapeutic strategies anything we imagined. million people worldwide are affected. to reduce nerve cell death and enhance Now at the midpoint of the decade, The cost is more than $60 billion a recovery of function after strokes and new discoveries about the brain offer year. other forms of brain injury. unprecedented opportunities to both Since 1990 scientists have discovered Fourth, the development of new lower health care costs and improve three genes that contribute to Alz- drugs and other measures to alleviate the quality of life for those suffering heimer’s, identified key points where the effects of multiple sclerosis, Alz- from brain disorders and diseases. intervention might delay, or prevent heimer’s, motor neuron disease (e.g. The cost of neurological and psy- it, and improved techniques for diag- ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s), Parkinson’s, chiatric disorders currently exceeds nosis. and epilepsy. $300 billion a year. By the year 2000 several new drugs Fifth, the identification of new treat- Brain diseases account for more hos- will be identified as promising to inter- ments to promote nerve regeneration pitalizations and more prolonged care fere with the progress of Alzheimer’s in following spinal cord and peripheral than almost all other diseases com- order to delay its disabling symptoms nerve injury. bined. for 5 years. Sixth, the development of new and In the remaining 5 years of the dec- This would allow millions of people more effective treatments for manic- ade, scientists are optimistic that even to remain living independent and fuller depressive illness, anxiety disorders, more important advances will be made lives. The cost to the public would also and forms of schizophrenia that at in brain research. be greatly decreased by this step for- present resist treatment. We must continue to make this re- ward. Seventh, the discovery, testing, and search a funding priority, so as to reap Therapies to reverse the damage by application of agents that will block the benefits of the groundbreaking replenishing lost cells or adding cells the action of cocaine and other addict- work already underway. should begin to alleviate the suffering Over 50 million Americans each year ive substances. of those already affected. are affected by disease or disorders of Eighth, the development of new More than 500,000 people are affected the brain and central nervous system. treatments for pain associated with annually by strokes with 3 million peo- Today 1 in 5 Americans is affected by cancer, arthritis, migraine headaches, ple disabled. This cost is about $25 bil- brain disorders, and everyone over and other debilitating diseases. lion a year. their lifetime will be affected either in- Ninth, the identification of the genes Strokes are the Nation’s third lead- dividually or because a member of that cause hereditary deafness and ing killer. their family is afflicted. Many patients survive stroke. There blindness. The results are often devastating. Tenth, the elucidation of the We have made great progress in the has been great progress since 1990. The neuronal mechanisms involved in past several years. number of strokes were reduced as learning and memory. For example the simple step of a some risks were clarified. There have been many breakthroughs women taking folic acid vitamin sup- Doctors have adapted new preventive during the early part of the decade. plements can prevent spina bifida, a techniques. Here are some of the recent discoveries disabling disease. This saves an enor- New drugs have been developed for or break-throughs; mous amount of pain and suffering for limiting and possibly preventing stroke Identified the genes responsible for parents and children alike. damage. Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s dis- The medical cost for a child with One and a half million Americans are ease, and the familial form of Lou spina bifida can exceed $500,000 a year. afflicted with Parkinson’s disease. The Gehrig’s disease. We have also discovered new medica- cost is about $6 billion a year. Produced new medications for mi- tions for the treatment of depression. This disease is a slow progressive de- graine headaches. We have identified the genes respon- generative brain disease. Researchers Identified several genes that cause sible for Huntington’s disease, Alz- have developed innovative ways to pin- hereditary blindness and deafness. heimer’s disease, and the familial form point damaged nerve cells. Launched tests of new drugs to en- of Lou Gerhig’s disease. By the year 2000 at least one and pos- hance recovery from stroke and spinal We have produced new medications sibly several major new drugs will be in cord injury. for migraine headaches. human trials. Produced new drug for the treatment We have launched tests of new drugs Screening for Parkinson’s is likely, of epilepsy. to enhance recovery from stroke and and new gene therapy should be avail- Made significant progress in under- spinal cord injury. able. standing the addictive action of co- But there is much still to be I will include in the RECORD at the caine. accomplised. end of my statement an article from CREB—a protein. One form of CREB Traumatic brain injury is the leading the Philadelphia Inquirer written by turns on genes responsible for long- cause of death and neurological dis- Dr. Leon Cooper, the winner of the 1972

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7219 Nobel Prize in physics, and James Wat- genes that contribute to inherited forms of searchers have solved some of the most stub- son, the winner of the Nobel Prize in blindness, deafness and mental retardation. born riddles of the brain, and have created medicine for 1982. Adulthood: New insights into the cause of and improved treatments for the disorders The article further expands on the multiple sclerosis and the testing of new that afflict it. The stunning progress of the therapeutic approaches that alter the nat- last five years gives future researchers a importance of this research. ural course of the disease. Understanding the higher vantage point on which to stand while I will also include a summary of re- molecules in the brain to which drugs of scanning the horizon for cures. cent brain research by the DANA Alli- abuse bind should make it possible to de- How does this affect you? One in five ance. velop more effective cocaine-blocking Americans is struggling with a brain-related I would like to urge my colleagues to agents. Improved clinical care has already problem at any given time; each of us will support this resolution which will en- increased the proportion of patients with spi- face such a struggle at some time in our sure that this vital research is contin- nal-cord injuries who are able to return to lives. It may be pain, depression, memory ued and that additional breakthroughs their communities; this should continue and, loss, or one of the many problems like these that can be chronic and recurring. It may be become reality. in time, lead to the first effective methods to repair the injured spinal cord. swift, like head injury and stroke; or it could I ask unanimous consent that the ar- Later years: Our growing knowledge of ge- be degenerative and fatal, like Alzheimer’s ticle by Dr. Cooper and the DANA Alli- netics and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s diseases. Or a lifetime of ance summary be printed in the should allow us to rationally design drugs to anguish could result from a child or grand- RECORD. treat the disease. Some of those drugs may child’s battle with addiction or schizo- There being no objection, the mate- well be in clinical trials before the end of the phrenia. Some of these afflictions are life- rial was ordered to be printed in the decade. A cell transplant therapy for Parkin- ending; all of them are life-diminishing. The RECORD, as follows: son’s disease will probably emerge as a prac- cost in personal terms is beyond measure, in tical procedure for individuals who do not re- hard economic terms, it is more than half a (By Leon N. Cooper) spond to L-dopa treatment. New drugs that trillion dollars a year. The growth in our knowledge of the brain increase resistance to brain-cell damage in But now, the human brain is no longer a over the last five years has exceeded any- cases of stroke will be available and begin to ‘‘black box’’—the misunderstood and mys- thing we imagined when Congress first au- be tested in clinical trials. terious source of self, its maladies thorized and President Bush proclaimed the What do these advances hold for average misdiagnosed and undertreated. Today, at ‘‘Decade of the Brain’’ in 1990. Now at the Americans? The same kind of hope and sol- the midpoint of the Decade of the Brain, it is midpoint of the decade, we are on the thresh- ace that members of Congress would wish for clear that a new era has begun for individual old of a new era that holds great promise for their own families and for themselves. health and vitality. For all three of the individual health and vitality. Ask Sen. John Rockefeller (D., W.Va.) major stages of life that you and your family For all three stages of life—early develop- what it means to watch the relentless de- will experience—childhood, adulthood, and ment, maturity and aging—new and antici- struction of a parent from Alzheimer’s dis- the later years—discoveries about the brain’s pated discoveries about the brain offer un- ease or Sen. Arlen Specter (R., Pa.), who un- mechanisms, how it forms, grows and ages, precedented opportunities to relieve suf- derwent surgery for a brain tumor. how to heal and strengthen it, are raising fering, improve the quality of life of those But it would be impossible to talk to all our expectations for dealing with brain-re- suffering neurological and psychiatric dis- those members of Congress who have known lated difficulties, giving you the realistic orders, and lower health-care costs. the heartbreak of substance abuse by a fam- chance to avoid suffering. The question today is whether or not the ily member, or the agony of manic-depres- If your maternal grandmother died with American public through its elected rep- sive illness, or the frustration of children dementia, the most common symptom of resentatives will continue to make brain re- with learning disabilities, or developmental Alzheimer’s, should you worry that your search a priority, so as to continue to reap disorders. They would tell you how they later years will be marred by this disease? the benefits of the nation’s spectacularly want these agonies banished from their lives Scientists are discovering ways to find out. successful investment in basic research. forever. Also, by the time you reach the average age Neurological and psychiatric disorders to- What all these illnesses and difficulties of onset, these same scientists could be able gether account for more hospitalization and have in common is that they all involve the to fend off the disease. more prolonged care than almost all other brain, and only brain research can unlock The causes of cerebral palsy, retardation diseases combined. Patient care and social the secrets that will give those who suffer and learning disabilities are being revealed, spending caused by brain-related disorders from these disorders (and their families) increasing the chances that it will be pos- represent a disproportionate amount of all some hope. sible to prevent these horrible conditions in health-care costs. Sen. Mark Hatfield (R., Ore.), when an- your own children. In part because of prior successes of med- nouncing the introduction of the ‘‘Mo Udall The discovery of drug binding sites in the ical research, we have become very good at Bill’’ to fund Parkinson’s research, person- brain is enabling researchers to work to- keeping people alive to older and older ages ally lamented the fact that federal dollars wards potential treatments for addiction, so by treating or preventing respiratory, cir- for basic medical research are proposed to that the lure of drugs will be much less like- culatory, reproductive and other assaults. decrease in the administration budget by ly to steal the youth, or the life, of someone But our aging population presents increasing more than a billion dollars by the year 2000. you love. challenges to the health-care system because Is that the message to the research com- Most of the brain afflictions that can se- of the vulnerability of the aging brain. munity—that what has already been verely alter your life, by affecting you or In the remaining five years of this decade, achieved in brain research, and what you are someone close to you, are yielding to re- scientists are optimistic that even more ex- confident of achieving in the near future is searchers. For all those who cry, ‘‘Why me?’’ citing advances will be made across the not a national priority? when they are confronted with a brain dis- broad front of brain research. Work just No one doubts that neuroscience’s achieve- ease, scientists are approaching the day coming off laboratory benches should enable ments to date are just the vanguard of even when they will be able to answer. As the us to intervene early in or medicate some of greater discoveries to come. The explosive progress snowballs, and the discoveries come today’s incapacitating brain diseases and growth of technology—particularly imag- more quickly, the likelihood of your life disorders. ing—is providing unprecedented insight into being destroyed by a neurological ailment Brain-related disorders cost this country the brain. continues to shrink. billions of dollars per year for patient care, The exciting developments in genetics will Beyond the personal aspects, our nation hospitalizations and loss of savings. These benefit brain research perhaps more than itself has a massive stake in brain research. costs could be significantly lowered if we any other area of medicine, since about half Today, neurological and psychiatric dis- could effectively treat the disorders, some of of all our genes are involved in the develop- orders together account for more hos- which began at or before birth and may last ment and operation of our brain. pitalizations and more prolonged care than a lifetime. The message of the Dana Alliance report— almost all other diseases combined. No sur- A new report by the Dana Alliance for to be presented in Congress tormorrow—is prise there: Over the last hundred years, we Brain Initiatives—an organization of 135 neu- one of opportunity and hope. What will be got better at keeping people alive and ambu- rosurgeons who champion research in the Congress’ message to the scienific commu- latory as far as their respiratory, cir- field—offers a few examples of impressive nity? culatory, digestive and reproductive systems gains in various areas that we may see dur- were concerned, but we were stymied by the ing the rest of this decade if adequate sup- DELIVERING RESULTS: A PROGRESS brain. port for research continues: Now neuroscience is catching up. In the REPORT ON BRAIN RESEARCH Childhood: More effective treatments for next five years, we will help brain and nerv- muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy and the SUMMARY ous system patients in large numbers, and prevention of a significant proportion of CP The most important and productive med- because these patients number in the mil- cases arising from low birthweight. The de- ical research happening today is the study of lions of people, developments in brain velopment of new medications for schizo- the brain. Since the Federal government de- science will transform our assumptions in phrenia. The identification of several more clared the Decade of the Brain in 1990, re- planning for the future. In particular, at the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 societal level, the view of crippling, chronic, Genetic research has identified specific Alzheimer’s Disease (cost): National Insti- long term, and mental illnesses will be much genes that cause Huntington’s disease and tute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, different. familial Lou Gehrig’s disease. New findings 1993. When the expanding numbers of aging show that genes may also play a role in ad- Mr. STEVENS. I commend to the Americans have less to fear from the brain diction, manic-depressive illness, depression Senate the decade of the brain and urge diseases of aging, and when disorders that and epilepsy. the Senate to become familiar with begin at or before birth, and last a lifetime, THE LATER YEARS are progressively fewer and less disabling, what is happening in this research Several genes have been found that lead to then the lost work days (by patients and area. My amendment merely assumes Alzheimer’s disease. Cognex (tacrine), ap- those who care for them) will fall, and lei- proved in 1994, is the first drug for treating that we will continue this support, this sure activities will rise. Reduced social Alzheimer’s symptoms. A combination of ge- endeavor, the research of the decade of spending, decreased work absences and im- netic testing and position emission tomog- the brain in the last half of this decade proved quality of life all give relief to a trou- raphy (PET) scanning may yield an early di- as we have in the first. I ask that the bled economy. The achievements outlined in our report, agnostic test for Alzheimer’s. Also possible: amendment be agreed to. however, are just the vanguard of greater an eye-drop diagnostic test and a spinal fluid The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there things to come. One of the most significant analysis test. further debate? facts about the progress we have made in The first animal model of Alzheimer’s dis- Mr. EXON. I think the matter has brain research is that more brain scientists ease (a transgenic mouse) has recently been been cleared on both sides. I urge its produced, and it is already being used to test today are working on questions of basic adoption. science. This accounts for the diversity of drugs to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s. An effective approach to gene therapy for The PRESIDING OFFICER. If all disorders we have been able to address in Parkinson’s disease will emerge before 2000. time is yielded back, the question is on such a short time. Clinicians focusing on spe- Relief from Parkinson-like symptoms has cific diseases now have better odds of finding agreeing to the amendment. been achieved in monkeys using dopamine- the keys to the disorders they are research- The amendment (No. 1129) was agreed enhancing drugs. ing because there is so much more informa- to. A new bloodclot-dissolving drug can im- tion to draw upon. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to That is precisely what makes brain re- prove the outcome of stroke, if administered reconsider the vote. within two hours of onset. search so exciting. We understand it better Mr. STEVENS. I move to lay that each day. And because of that, we will solve A chili pepper extract, capsaicin, now helps relieve chronic pain (even in cancer). Within motion on the table. problems of affliction that have truncated The motion to lay on the table was our lives since the dawn of humankind. Ev- five years, scientists expect to have devel- erything lying ahead of us is opportunity oped non-addictive pain relievers. agreed to. Recently discovered proteins that nourish, and hope. Mr. EXON. Under the previous ar- Here are some highlights of the progress repair and promote the growth of nerve cells rangement, I believe the Senator from report, and some predictions for the next five are leading to drugs (some already in trials) Arkansas is finally ready to be recog- years. Join us in celebrating the hope offered that increase resistance to stroke. nized. for current and future victims of brain dis- TECHNOLOGY AMENDMENT NO. 1130 orders: Imaging: (Purpose: To strike the proposed change in CHILDHOOD Now, functional magnetic resonance imag- the budget process rules which would per- Researchers believed that a major reduc- ing (fMRI) allows doctors to view the active mit the scoring of revenue derived from tion of spasticity in cerebral palsy and pre- brain, and at their desktops to interactively the sale of federal assets) vention of one-third of all CP cases arising scan entire brain structures. from low birthweight will occur within five Using charged Xenon gas, laboratory sci- Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I must years. entists improved MRI signal strength by a say, sitting around here all evening New findings point to a family of drugs factor of 10,000, producing more clearly de- waiting to offer an amendment can be that may correct drug-induced develop- fined pictures in animals. a very frustrating experience. I have mental abnormalities in children. Disease models: concluded that this is no way to run a Thanks to recent public health studies, Scientists are working with living orga- railroad. I have watched this process psychiatry now classifies schizophrenia as a nisms in laboratory settings to test com- now for 5 days and I have listened to a developmental disorder, and promises more pounds and find new directions for investiga- effective medications by the year 2000. lot of powerful speeches. There are tion. Animal models available today include: plenty of opportunities for press re- Researchers identified genes that con- Alzheimer’s disease tribute to inherited forms of blindness and Developmental disorders leases back home proving that you are deafness and several forms of mental retar- Several different forms of epilepsy a budget deficit hawk. dation, including the most common inher- Multiple sclerosis But as a result of that, there are a lot ited form among males (Fragile X Syn- Pain of good amendments that are not going drome). Growing evidence suggests that Traumatic brain injury to be debated because we are running genes also play a role in learning disabilities SOURCES FOR NUMBERS and schizophrenia. out of time tomorrow. This process THE DEVELOPING BRAIN should permit those people who have ADULTHOOD honest-to-goodness, legitimate amend- The first drug to block craving in alcohol Developing Disorders (cost and patients): addiction—Naltrexone—has recently been National Institute of Neurological Disorders ments to offer and debate them. We approved as an adjunct to psychotherapy. and Stroke, 1993. should have a lot less—in this case Success in treating depression now ap- Schizophrenia (patients): National Insti- about 30 hours—of political speeches. proaches 90% with more precise antide- tute on Mental Health, Update August 1993. When debate on the budget resolution Schizophrenia (cost): NIMH, 1995. pressant drugs which avoid unwanted side ef- is complete, there are going to be a lot fects. THE MATURE BRAIN of amendments, many of which that Obsessive-compulsive disorder has become Blindness/vision loss (cost and patient would have improved the budget reso- treatable. numbers): National Eye Institute, 1994. For the first time ever, researchers have Deafness/hearing loss (patients): National lution, that will fail because their pro- identified a treatment (and are testing an- Institute on Deafness and Other Communica- ponents will not have had time to other) which alters the natural course of tive Disorders, 1992. present their case to the Senate. multiple sclerosis. Deafness/hearing loss (cost): Hallworth, R, Mr. President, I do not know of a sin- Researchers have identified the sites where et al. ‘‘Hair Cells and Hearing’’ Press Con- gle amendment that has been offered drugs of abuse bind in the brain, and by 2000 ference, Society for Neuroscience Annual on this side of the aisle that would in- hope to have effective cocaine-blocking Meeting October 26, 1992. agents. crease the budget $1. We have tried to Depression (patients): National Institute rearrange some of the priorities, but Recent refinements to treatments leave on Mental Health, Update August 1993. many more epileptics seizure-free. Depression (cost): Rice, Dp and Miller, LS. we have not tried, and would not try, Discovering serotonin-responsive proteins ‘‘The Economic Burden of Affective Dis- to torpedo the legitimate goal of trying led researchers to develop sumatriptan, an orders’’ Advances in Health Economics and to balance the budget by the year 2002. effective treatment for migraine headaches. Health Services Research 1993. My own amendment, Mr. President, Improved clinical care now returns some 94 percent of patients with spinal cord injuries THE AGING BRAIN goes to a rule change that is proposed to their communities. Researchers may have Alzheimer’s Disease (patient numbers): in the budget resolution that I think is the first treatment to enhance spinal cord ‘‘News Notes.’’ National Institute on Aging, disastrous. This proposed rule change repair by 1996. 1989. involves the sale of assets that belong

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7221 to the United States, where the tax- Francisco has so many ordinances no- After we get rid of Mount Rushmore payers get a one-time windfall. The body would give anything for it be- and Grand Canyon, here is the jewel, rule change would permit revenues de- cause it will never be able to be devel- we would sell the Statue of Liberty. rived from the sale of these assets to be oped. Now, Mr. President, that all sound scored for Budget Act purposes. If the proposed change in these long- very humorous. There is absolutely no When I was Governor, we had revenue standing budget rules is permitted to reason whatever under this budget res- sharing. The Senator from Kentucky take place, let me tell Members where olution, which allows the scoring of seated here was Governor of his State we will be headed. First of all, every revenue from the sale of national as- at the same time I was, and the distin- budget reconciliation bill that comes sets, to believe that some things just guished ranking member of the Budget before this body is going to have a as precious as the Statue of Liberty Committee was Governor of his State. whole host of asset sales. will not be put on the auction block. Three Governors here on the floor to- We are going to have a national yard Last year I was Chairman of the Na- night who served together. sale. National parks, wildlife refuges, tional Parks Committee. I went out to One morning I went to my office and national forests, highways, power mar- see the Presidio. I had never seen it ex- there was a check on my desk for $21 keting administrations, water cept at a distance. It is one of the most million made out to DALE BUMPERS. I projects—all up for sale in order to bal- remarkable pieces of property left in told my aide, ‘‘Call the airport, tell ance the budget. the United States and certainly the them we will be there in 15 minutes.’’ Many asset sales do not even make most remarkable piece of property left And $21 million was the first revenue- financial sense. Assume we get $1 bil- in an urban area. Here we have already sharing check we got. lion for the sale of the power mar- put it up for sale. Who knows where we I sent it to the Arkansas Highway keting administrations. We cut the def- go after that? Department because I knew they would icit $1 billion in 1996. If you assume Mr. President, I have offered the use it for things that would only be a that these assets, if retained under Bumpers-Bradley-Murray amendment one-time shot. To put that $21 million Federal ownership, would produce $100 this evening not only because the pro- into the operating budget would have million a year in revenue, by the year posed rule change in the budget resolu- been irresponsible. I knew revenue 2020 we will have lost revenues of $2.5 tion would permit the sale of our na- sharing at some time was going to end billion in exchange for the one-shot tional treasures, but because it is also and I would have had to raise taxes to deal in 1996. No businessman in his bad economic policy, bad social policy continue the services that we were pro- right mind would do such a thing. and bad culture policy. We ought not viding with that $21 million. Mr. President how much time do I to do it. We have lived very well for 205 I do not believe there is a single Gov- have remaining? years without trying to balance the ernor in the United States that would The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- budget by selling assets. take a one-shot windfall amount of ator has 14 minutes and 50 seconds. Finally, my amendment does not money and put it into an operating Will the Senator send the amend- alter the bottom line of the budget res- budget. It is lunacy to do it. ment to the desk? olution one bit. The Energy and Nat- Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I send In 1987, the U.S. Congress, under ural Resources Committee would still an amendment to the desk and ask for Gramm-Rudman-Hollings II, adopted be required to find whatever amount of its immediate consideration. the proposition that revenue derived money the budget resolution instructs The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from asset sales would not be scored. In the Committee to find. short, the rule was intended to prevent clerk will report. I can tell you, Mr. President, again, the use of asset sales for operations. The assistant legislative clerk read you put this proposition to the people Since 1986, every budget resolution as follows: of this country, Do you think we ought that has come to the floor of the U.S. The Senator from Arkansas [Mr. BUMP- to start selling off wilderness areas, na- Senate and been adopted by both ERS], for himself, Mr. BRADLEY, Mrs. MUR- tional forests, some of our treasured Houses of Congress said specifically RAY, Mr. LIEBERMAN, and Mr. BAUCUS, pro- national parks? I can just see it now. that revenue derived from asset sales poses an amendment numbered 1130. You cannot see all the Grand Canyon could not be used to offset the deficit. The amendment is as follows: from the rim. We need a highway down In other words, revenue from asset Strike line 7 on page 76 through line 12 on through it so you can really enjoy it. sales could not be scored. page 77. Yet here we have a proposed budget Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, the We need a new Holiday Inn down at which changes this long-time sensible House had a budget task force which the bottom of the Grand Canyon so we rule and assumes the sale of a whole recently adopted a Heritage Founda- can make more money. host of Government assets, including tion recommendation that we should These things are disastrous. the Presidio, an Army base in San keep only those national parks and wil- I hope a majority of the Senate to- Francisco; the strategic petroleum re- derness areas of national significance. morrow morning, when we vote on this, serve, the Naval petroleum reserve; the It may be that the senior Senator from will agree that this is a terrible, ter- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska seated on the floor and his jun- rible change in budgeting. It is a ter- Alaska. ior colleague may decide that Denali is rible change in national policy. Now, Mr. President, my amendment not of national significance and throw I yield 5 minutes to my distinguished would simply strike one section in the it in the budget reconciliation bill—it colleague from Washington, Senator budget resolution in order to restore would be gone. MURRAY. the old rule which prohibits revenue If we are only going to keep national The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- from asset sales to be scored. parks and wilderness areas of national ator from Washington. Mr. President, I have no objection to significance, who is going to decide Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise asset sales per se. We sell assets all the that? Congress? It will be very tough if in support of the amendment offered by time. My amendment does not suggest the budget is in dire need of revenue the Senator from Arkansas. that we cannot sell an asset. However, and no one wants to raise taxes. Here is The budget resolution before us has it suggests we cannot come in here where we could wind up. been termed an historic document. It with a big platter full of asset sales in First of all, we could make the Grand certainly is. For the last decade, the order to balance the budget, where the Canyon available for sale. That could Congress of the United States has rec- Senate has not debated those items and be the first to go. ognized that our public lands are too simply say, ‘‘Here’s $4 billion in deficit Then take Mount Rushmore. I have precious to sell unless their sale is in reduction.’’ The budget resolution as- been out to Mount Rushmore. They the best interest of the public. That is sumes that we will sell thousands of have a thriving number of visitors out good policy and one that has enjoyed barrels of oil we have in the strategic there. I think we can probably put a strong bi-partisan support. petroleum reserve. It anticipates the McDonald’s and maybe a Marriott But it is a new day. Today, we may sale of the Presidio in San Francisco, there at Mount Rushmore. There is no well vote to sell our children’s heritage and that will never fly because San telling what that place would bring. to pay our debts. I reject that approach

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 to debt reduction and I reject that ap- shift of costs from the Federal Govern- Mr. President, I want to be sure that proach to disposition of our Federal as- ment to the States and to local com- adequate resources are put into impact sets. munities. aid. And, this sense-of-the-Senate re- What is at risk? Potentially on the Impact aid is a good program for confirms our commitment—on both sale block are assets ranging from oil States—it lives up to the true spirit of sides of the aisle—to making that hap- supplies beneath the Arctic National local control of education. pen. Wildlife Refuge; to battlefields remind- Unfortunately, the Federal Govern- I urge my colleagues to join our bi- ing us of the pain and sacrifice of the ment has not been living up to the spir- partisan coalition and support this Civil War; to Power Marketing Asso- it of the Impact Aid program. amendment. ciations that provide hydroelectric en- Funding levels for impact aid have CHILDREN’S HEALTH INSURANCE ergy, transportation, and resource pro- been so far below authorized levels that Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, to- tection; to endangered wildlife living we have unfairly shifted a large portion morrow I will send an amendment to in our National Wilderness Preserva- of funding for Federally connected stu- the desk. My amendment is very tion System; to toll-free interstate dents to local taxpayers. straightforward. highways present in every State in the The end result is that, now—in many It allows the Senate to think twice Nation; to public timber sold primarily States—this program covers less than before we pass reforms to the Medicaid to small businesses dependent upon Na- half of the costs to educate each stu- system that would result in more unin- tional Forests for their wood supply. dent. The Federal Government has just sured American children. These assets should not be sold to re- been shifting its responsibility to the This amendment does not call for one duce the deficit. And they, certainly, States to make up the difference. dime of new spending. It is, by defini- Mr. President, when I review the last should not be sold to provide a tax cut tion, revenue neutral. to wealthy Americans. Instead, our several years of funding and rescis- This amendment simply creates a Federal assets should be sold only sions, I am outraged with the trend I point of order against any legislation when, after reasoned debate and a full see developing—we have been aban- which would cause children currently public airing, we decide their sale is in doning responsibility to our kids by eligible to receive Medicaid to lose the best interest not only of this gen- cutting funds for this program. their health care benefits. And, there is no question that the eration—but of every generation that And, that point of order is easily importance of this program has in- follows. We owe our children much waived by a simple majority vote. more than a balanced budget. We owe creased over its 40 year history. Mr. President, as you know, this Its importance has increased not just them their heritage. year, the Medicaid program covers because it directly affects over 2 mil- I urge my colleagues to vote first for health care services for over 36 million lion students in our Nation—but also Senator BUMPER’s amendment pre- low-income Americans. because of the tight budgets facing our cluding scoring of the sale of all Fed- Close to half of those Americans are States today. eral assets. children. Children who have no access And, some States—such as my home While I have the floor I want to just to health care insurance on their own. state of Washington—do not rely upon mention two other amendments I will Children with complex health care an income tax for State funding. You be offering tomorrow that my col- needs. And, children, I will say, Mr. see, Mr. President, the loss of property leagues will be voting on. President, who don’t have well fi- tax revenues makes State and local SENSE OF THE SENATE RESOLUTION ON IMPACT nanced lobbyists up here fighting for education funding even more difficult. AID Mr. President, let me take a moment their interest. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, to- to tell you about a school district near Most of the children covered by Med- morrow I will send an amendment to Tacoma, WA—it’s called Clover Park. icaid live in low-income, working fami- the desk. Fort Lewis is in the Clover Park lies. Mr. President, my amendment is a school district. Women and men in uni- Mr. President, we are talking about sense-of-the-Senate that the Federal form are assigned by the Federal Gov- families who have to choose between Government should live up to its re- ernment to serve our Nation there. putting food on the table, or getting sponsibility to educate the children of And, their kids—like all American health care treatment for their child. our women and men in uniform children—deserve to be educated. I have visited Children’s Hospital in through the impact aid program. They should not be abandoned be- Seattle many times. At this point, I would like to ask cause their parents live on Federal Mr. President, I have witnessed first- unanimous consent to add my good property. hand the decisions these parents face. friend, the Democratic leader, Senator Impact Aid makes up 7 percent of A typical family on Medicaid is a DASCHLE, as well as Senators PRESS- Clover Park’s budget. In Clover Park, young, happy family, whose life is sud- LER, AKAKA, HUTCHISON, LEVIN, BINGA- this money goes directly to the school denly disrupted when they find out MAN, PELL, DORGAN, BAUCUS and district and is free of bureaucracy. their child has been diagnosed with KERREY of Nebraska as cosponsors. It provides basic support to the cystic fibrosis or leukemia or severe Mr. President, you see, this amend- school district whose local school asthma or cancer. ment enjoys strong bipartisan support board determines how to use the funds. One parent has to quit his or her job because the impact aid program is a Now, Mr. President, if impact aid to stay home and take care of the vital component of the education port- funds were cut off, school districts child. On just one income, family fi- folio of 48 States. would have to increase taxes in the Ta- nances become increasingly difficult. It has strong support because Sen- coma community. Or, Clover Park Soon the health insurance runs out, ators on both sides of the aisle know would have to cut teachers and close and the family is forced to spend down how important this program is to their buildings. Or, the schools would have to be able to receive Medicaid, just so States and to the country. to double-shift students. their child can receive critical medical More than 40 years ago, the Federal That is wrong. That is a total abdica- attention. Government established the impact aid tion of the Federal responsibility to The cost of care for the child will be program. our kids. passed along to the American taxpayer. Forty years ago—great, forward- Of course, we all recognize the budget Doctor and hospitals will simply raise thinking legislators recognized that constraints facing the Federal Govern- their rates. Insurance companies will the Federal Government has a respon- ment today. do the same. sibility to communities which have I know tough choices must be made. Everyone agrees that there are prob- been adversely impacted by Federal ac- However, Mr. President, I believe we lems with the Medicaid system that tivities. can achieve meaningful deficit reduc- need fixing, and everyone agrees with Mr. President, this is exactly the un- tion without passing on this huge un- the need to reduce the Federal deficit. derpinning of the legislation we passed funded mandate. And, without compro- But, I am concerned that we don’t be- earlier in this Congress. The unfunded mising our responsibility to our come lulled by the mantra of cut, cut, mandates bill corrected a large-scale schools and our communities. cut.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7223 As the Congress cuts spending, I just Congress cannot turn its back on its The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is want to make sure we raise a red flag children. correct. when children’s health care is con- My amendment simply ensures that Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I am cerned. before Congress makes any changes to reminded of what President Reagan Medicaid is every child’s health in- the Medicaid system, we will take a said once, ‘‘Here we go again. Here we surance safety net. hard, thoughtful look at the possible go again.’’ My amendment just makes us think damage these changes will cause. I have just heard these speeches that twice before we yank that safety net Let us put a little bit of conscience sound as though this is something that away. back into this budget. has been dreamed up by this side of the You will hear some arguments Let us protect our future. aisle. The President requested this. Is against my amendment today, argu- Let us protect our children. the other side of the aisle going to ments that—frankly—make little I urge all my colleagues to join Budg- abandon the President again? The sense. et Committee members on my side of President asked for $8 billion in his You will hear that this amendment is the aisle and agree to this amendment. budget. He specifically asked for this impeding deficit reduction, and imped- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- language. This language is the Presi- ing the actions of the Senate. ator from Nebraska. dent’s language. On the contrary, the point of order in Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- What does it do? It allows scoring of this amendment can be waived by a imous consent I be allowed to take 2 the sales of assets that are already au- simple majority vote—just 50 votes. minutes from the time controlled by thorized by law to be sold. We have points of order against the this Senator, to briefly speak on the I would be ashamed to come here mandates of environmental laws—I subject at hand. with pictures of places in this country just want to make sure we have a point I first would like to ask if the Sen- that are loved by all citizens, and of order to protect the most vulnerable ator from Arkansas has added me as a imply that anything in this budget res- of our population—our children. cosponsor to his amendment or not? If olution will sell one national park or You will also hear that this amend- he has not, I would like to be added as refuge. It is an authorization to score ment says that we do not trust our a cosponsor. the sale of assets. It is necessary to Governors to protect children when Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I carry out the President’s budget. It is Medicaid is block granted. Trust? would like to add Senators MURRAY also a fact that people have used this Block grants, by definition, shift all and BRADLEY as my chief cosponsors, budget gimmickry to prevent the leas- responsibility to the States. If any the Senator from Nebraska, Senator ing of 1.5 million acres on the North kind of emergency or disaster happens EXON, Senator WELLSTONE, Senator Slope of Alaska, one of the last great in a State, such as an earthquake in BOXER, Senator FEINSTEIN—all as co- deposits of oil and gas in the United California or flooding in the Midwest. sponsors. States, because it is considered to be I just want to make sure our overbur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the sale of an asset when it is leased. dened Governors do not allow health objection, it is so ordered. The Arctic coastal plain must be au- care for our children to go by the way- Mr. EXON. I also ask unanimous con- thorized by law to be leased. It has al- side. This amendment simply makes us sent I be added as a cosponsor to the ready been subject to three environ- think twice about children. amendment just addressed that the mental studies. There is no opposition This is not a question of trust—it is Senator will be offering tomorrow, the that I know of to the concept of the a question of insurance. That is all. Senator from Washington, with regard Mineral Leasing Act. That law has al- Finally, Mr. President, you will hear to impact aid. ready been passed. This land should be that this issue will be dealt with in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without leased. Finance Committee after the budget objection, it is so ordered. Oil and gas leases are called a sale resolution is passed. AMENDMENT NO. 1130 under the concept of the Budget Act. We listened to a prolonged debate Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I support And since you cannot score that sale, this morning on the EITC—which will the amendment offered by Senator the act of leasing costs money and, also be a topic in the Finance Commit- BUMPERS to strike the changes made to guess what, that prevents us from pro- tee’s deliberations. If today is a good the asset rule in the budget resolution. ceeding to lease the land because you day to talk about EITC, today is a good The recent push to sell off physical as- cannot score the money that comes in time to talk about children’s health in- sets in an effort to generate short-term from the lease. But it costs you money surance. budget savings is not a wise move. to lease it. An absurd conclusion. Let me conclude with a few words The asset rule was put in place in The President came in and asked for about priorities. order to discourage these sorts of pro- a change in this law. He asked that we When I offered this amendment in posals which do not result in any struc- change this in his budget this year and the Budget Committee, we were imme- tural decline of the deficit. In fact, he assumed $8 billion in asset sales— diately subjected to a lengthy diatribe many of the recommendations included that must be authorized by law—as by the other side that sounded more in this budget resolution will not yield part of that budget. I notice the pic- like Presidential campaign speeches any budget savings over the long term. ture of the Grand Canyon is right-side- than a statement about our children’s The savings resulting from the sell- up now, but even so the Grand Canyon, health insurance. ing off of physical assets in this resolu- if someone wanted to propose to sell it, That happens all too often. As soon tion will end up generating only $3.5 they would have to come here and se- as we talk about children, the debate is billion in receipts over the next 7 cure the passage of a law. The things trivialized. The discussion is kid- years. Many of these proposals end up the President wants to sell must be au- napped. costing the Government money in the thorized by law to be sold. What we And, so, I stand here again today and out-years. want to lease in Alaska must be au- ask—what better time is there to talk I hope my colleagues on both sides of thorized by law to be leased. I never about the future of our children than the aisle will support this effort to rid have heard such a ludicrous argument during this historic debate? the use of this sort of budget gim- in my life. We need to know if actions we take mickry in an attempt to balance the I have seen some of this stuff from here today will hurt our children. budget. the extreme environmental organiza- My sincere goal with this amendment The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tions that send this baloney all over is to look out for the most vulnerable ator from Alaska. the country and charge people fan- of our population. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I be- tastic sums of money. They rival the I know they do not vote. I know they lieve there is 10 minutes reserved on AARP in terms of the way they raise do not give money to political cam- this side. I yield myself 5 minutes to money and really convince people they paigns. But they continue to get sick begin with. are doing good when they are really because their parents cannot afford to Is there not 10 minutes reserved for paying themselves and sending these get them vaccinated. this side? stupid letters out that imply that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 somehow the President wants to sell the proposition in this budget changes that you can take these one-shot, one- the Grand Canyon. It is the President’s the rules that could allow this to hap- time windfalls from the leasing of the language. It is not my language. It is pen. They cannot happen under the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the not the Alaskan language. It is the rules the way they are. selling of the Presidio, the selling of President’s request. We objected to the President of the these power marketing administra- I cannot believe what I am hearing United States, our President, as you tions. on the floor of the Senate. I really can- say, doing that. And we certainly ob- As I said in the opening of my re- not. ject to the Republican Budget Com- marks, my amendment does not pre- Why do you not recognize the income mittee going along in unison with the clude asset sales. It simply says deal from the sale of assets? The lease of President of the United States, which with them in the usual course of busi- the Alaska oil reserve lands would in and of itself is quite unusual. ness and do not score them for budg- bring in over $1.4 billion in a 4-year pe- We oppose your doing it. We opposed eting purposes. riod. If it is leased that is money that the President in doing it. And we hope I am not only not embarrassed, I comes into the Federal Treasury. It is we are alerting the Senate of the have never been prouder of an amend- not a sale. It is what is paid for the United States to this serious mistake. ment. privilege of producing oil and gas from I reserve the remainder of my time Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, is it Federal lands. and I yield the floor. in order now, before using all of my Somehow or other, people have as- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- time, to ask for the yeas and nays? sumed that there is something sort of ator from Arkansas. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Mr. EXON. Mr. President, how much seditious in this concept of the Presi- sufficient second? time does the Senator wish? There is a sufficient second. dent’s, that we are going to count The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- money that comes into the Treasury as The yeas and nays were ordered. ator from Arkansas has 6 minutes. Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I yield money. Mr. EXON. I am sorry, I thought the I have heard arguments on the floor the floor and retain the remainder of Senator was out of time. my time. of the Senate that embarrassed me be- Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, the Mr. STEVENS. How much time is re- fore but I am embarrassed for those Senator from Alaska misunderstands who offer this amendment. maining? what this debate is about. It is not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- In the first place, they attacked their about what the President rec- own President, not us. In the second ator from New Mexico has 5 minutes, ommended. I could not disagree with and the Senator from Arkansas has 1 place, it makes no fiscal sense to say the President more. I went down to the when we sell an asset that produces bil- minute 48 seconds. White House and told him, along with Mr. DOMENICI. Out of the 5 minutes, lions, that we have to go out and bor- the Senator from Nebraska and a host row money in order to balance the I yield 3 minutes to Senator STEVENS of others. This is bad policy and I told from Alaska. budget because we cannot count that the President that. He is my friend but money that comes into the Treasury— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that does not mean I have to agree ator from Alaska. not in a budget sense. It is there in a with him on everything and he under- physical sense but it is just added to Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ask stands that better than anybody. unanimous consent to put in the the Treasury. You cannot count it The fact that the President has pro- RECORD section 5 of the President’s bill under these stupid budget rules that fi- posed asset sales in his budget does not nally even the President of the United indicating how he would treat the pro- make it good policy. It is bad policy. I ceeds from the sale of transfer of lands States recognized are just that. They do not care who recommended it. are stupid. It is time to change them. under his proposal. The Senator from Alaska says he is There being no objection, the mate- It is time for us to stop this Mickey embarrassed. He is embarrassed by this rial was ordered to be printed in the Mouse business. amendment. What we are trying to do RECORD, as follows: Look, a ‘‘For Sale’’ sign on the Stat- is to restore the law where it has been PROCEEDS ue of Liberty. Would the President sug- for 10 years. I never heard the Senator gest selling the Statue of Liberty? from Alaska in the last 10 years say SEC. 5. Proceeds from a sale or transfer Have we suggested selling Mount Rush- under this Act shall be recited to miscella- under the budget rule not scoring as- neous receipts of the Treasury. If the Presi- more? My God, I really cannot believe sets was an embarrassment. Now it is dent so designates, the net proceeds shall be the depth of this argument, when it an embarrassment. The Senator from included in the budget baseline required by comes down to just say anything to Alaska is my friend. He has been trying the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit scare people throughout the country. to get ANWR opened up for oil drilling Control Act of 1985 and shall be counted for ‘‘We are going to sell the national since, as we say, ‘‘the memory of man the purposes of section 252 of that Act as an parks.’’ It is stupid. runneth not.’’ I am not for it, and I offset to direct spending, notwithstanding The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. don’t expect to be for it in the foresee- section 257(e) of that Act. ASHCROFT). The time of the Senator able future. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I am has expired. This resolution assumes that we are embarrassed for the proponents of this Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield my- going to charge the oil companies $1.4 amendment. I am not embarrassed by self 2 minutes off the time of this Sen- billion over the next 7 years for the the President. I think the President is ator. right to drill in ANWR. What do you do trying to make some sense out of the I would simply correct my friend after the scoring period to make up for Budget Act, and it is time that we con- from Alaska. The President of the the lost oil after the first 7 years? You sidered that. United States, in his budget, suggested are going to cut discretionary spending This is an attack on a proceeding to selective sales, including the Power again. lease the Alaska oil reserve. It is not Marketing Administration. This Sen- The budget resolution assumes $1.4 standing up straight. It is a duplicitous ator and many on this side strongly billion from the sale of the power mar- amendment. It is an amendment in- disagree with the President on the sell- keting administrations. That is a bad tended to kill the provision in the ing of the Power Marketing Adminis- proposition from a business standpoint. budget resolution that considers it a tration. No businessman in his right mind requirement of the Energy Committee We went down and had a meeting would decide whether to sell an asset to raise money. One of the ways they with him and we will fight that here by only considering the lost revenues can raise that money is by bringing and we will fight it all the way through associated with that asset for a period forth a bill to proceed to lease the one this budget process. Certainly I think of 7 years. and one-half million acres on the Arc- we can disagree. I believe the Senator I will tell you something. If you are tic coastal plain that has a fantastic from Arkansas made it very clear in willing to sell the Presidio, the Grand potential for oil and gas. his remarks that he realizes we are not Canyon cannot be very far behind. Furthermore, the Senator from Ar- suggesting this, but the main thing the So, Mr. President, I plead with my kansas said, what happens in the next Senator from Alaska is overlooking is colleagues not to buy into this idea year? Hopefully in the next year you

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7225 would discover oil. The last time I re- closing almost 50 bases in the United Mr. STEVENS. For oil. member people standing on this floor States. Why should we not count as in- Mr. DOMENICI. For oil. Pay us in saying there is no oil was when we come those portions of the bases we are yen. We will pay them in yen and guess were considering legislation to allow going to sell? This amendment would what will happen. Oil prices go up 300 leasing on the North Slope of Alaska, not allow that. percent in America. when they said that it would only Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, there Why should we not use our own rath- produce about 1 billion barrels at the is not a Governor in the United States, er than depend totally upon them? most. Mind you, that would have been including the person sitting in the I yield the floor, and if we have no re- the largest deposit on the North Amer- chair at this moment, who is a former maining time, I assume we are finished ican continent. But, as a matter of Governor, in my opinion, that will take with this amendment and it will be ap- fact, we have already produced 10 bil- an asset sale or one-time windfall and propriately stacked tomorrow by our lion barrels. Ten billion barrels came put it into his operating budget. My leader. out of that bill that came before the amendment does not prohibit the sale Senate. The argument went for days. of those bases. It just says, let’s not f Finally, the tie had to be broken by the change the budget rules to mask the Vice President of the United States. deficit by scoring the revenues derived Now, we are in the same situation from these asset sales. RURAL HOUSING GUARANTEED here. Mr. President, you are going to I yield the floor. LOAN PROGRAM see more wildcats coming across this Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I wish floor when ANWR is brought up than much time does Senator BUMPERS to engage in a colloquy with Senator anything you have here. They have have? DOMENICI, the distinguished chairman more things they can warn the public The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- of the Budget Committee, with respect of. Look at that. They say we are try- one seconds. to the rural housing guaranteed loan ing to sell the Statue of Liberty. It is Mr. BUMPERS. I yield back the re- program. absolutely ludicrous again I say. I have mainder of my time. In reviewing the report accom- never heard an argument stretched to Mr. DOMENICI. How much time do I panying the Fiscal Year 1996 Concur- that point. have, Mr. President? rent Budget Resolution, I note that the This resolution does not authorize The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two Senate Budget Committee recommends the sale of anything. All the President minutes. ‘‘the reduction or elimination of cer- wants to do is count the money when it Mr. DOMENICI. I thank the Chair tain subsidies provided by the federal is authorized to lease or to sell some- very much. government for a range of credit pro- thing, and there already are a series of Mr. President, let me suggest there grams in the Small Business Adminis- things authorized. The President is really are two arguments here. I think tration, the Federal Housing Adminis- going to send up a bill to authorize the the paramount one is to get rid of any tration, and the Rural Housing and further sale of some of the assets on authority that the Energy Committee Community Development Service.’’ Am the Presidio at Monterey in California. might have in its reconciliation in- I correct in understanding this to mean As a matter of fact, it has already been structions to direct that we begin leas- that the Budget Committee assumes no leased. Do you know who it is leased ing of ANWR. While asset sales gen- savings from the Rural Housing and to? Former Senator Cranston and the erally seem to be the subject matter, I Community Development Service’s former leader of the Soviet Union, Mr. think that is the prime focus. Section 502 unsubsidized guaranteed Gorbachev. They have leases there in And let me suggest for a minute a bit loan program over the next seven the Presidio already. of arrogance about the United States, a years? bit of arrogance about those who think Now, when you look at it, all the Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator from we can just continue to lock up our as- President is saying is that in the proc- Rhode Island is correct. sets because we are so wealthy it does ess of acquiring money from the sale or Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President. I will op- not matter. How does $180 billion worth lease of assets that are authorized by pose the Roth amendment which takes of American assets called ‘‘oil’’ sound law, we ought to count them in the a meat-ax approach to eliminating fed- to average Americans—$180 billion budget process. This amendment would eral jobs. The administration has made worth? We will buy it from other coun- deny the President that right. It would laudable progress by downsizing the tries because we think we are so mean that he could not count the $1.4 government by more than a quarter of strong, so powerful, so economically billion that will come in the first 4 a million workers by the end of the self-sufficient we can just throw away years of the leasing of ANWR. year. Under the leadership of Vice I thank the Senator from New Mex- our assets—$180 billion. Now, I know that people do not like President GORE, careful evaluation, ico for his courtesy. systematic studies, and cost-benefit Mr. BUMPERS addressed the Chair. to think of America as being arrogant analyses have been used to shape a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- about anything; we are humble people. leaner more effective Federal work- ator from Arkansas. But I submit, Mr. President, it is arro- force. Because it is not based on such Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, let me gance to think that we can throw away studies and analysis, the Roth amend- say to the Senator from Alaska, my $180 billion and say we will buy it from ment, by contrast, could result in the amendment does not stop the leasing of the Saudis. After all, it was only ours slicing away of essential jobs, such as ANWR. That is not what this amend- so why not just lock it up. those needed to get out the social secu- ment is all about. You can go ahead Now, if there was harm coming to rity checks, staff the veterans’ hos- and lease ANWR. But do not score it in ANWR, many who will vote against pitals, or to protect federal facilities the budget. That has been the law of Senator BUMPERS would vote with him. and workers from another terrorist in- the land for 10 years. But that argument about how much All of a sudden we get this budget damage is going to be done there just cident. Also, the Roth amendment, ac- resolution presented to us and they say will not play too much longer. cording to its author, assumes the we are going to change the rules. If you Now, let me make a second point. Let elimination of the Department of Com- can get $2 billion for Presidio, count it, me make a second point on this issue. merce, an action with which I do not score it. You have $4 billion in here, Mr. President, what happens if we fail agree. and next year you may not have $4 bil- to balance the budget and the Amer- AFDC lion in asset sales so you are going to ican dollar keeps coming down? Do you Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I in- have to find it elsewhere. Why, I say to know what might happen, I say to the tend to propose an amendment that the Senator, you might even have to Senator from Alaska? The Saudi Ara- will enable us to improve our welfare pay royalties on hard rock mining next bians may say, ‘‘Pay us in yen.’’ How system rather than dismantle it. Under year. does that strike you? ‘‘We do not want my amendment, Aid to Families With Mr. STEVENS. Will the Senator your American dollars. They are not Dependent Children will remain a Fed- yield for just one question? We are good enough.’’ eral entitlement program.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 The amendment I propose will, over 7 lem of the breakdown in family struc- I dropped (the President’s) tax cut plan the years, restore $55 billion to income se- ture. As recently as 1960 the percentage moment I heard about it. curity programs, including Aid to Fam- of children born to single parents was I oppose the tax cuts advocated in ilies With Dependent Children, Supple- about 5 percent. A manageable prob- the Contract for America. The Con- mental Security Income and Unem- lem. It is now about 33 percent. The tract for America’s tax proposals were ployment Insurance under the jurisdic- same trend is happening in Canada. incorporated into the House budget tion of the Finance Committee. The out-of-wedlock birth rate in the resolution—a resolution that would My amendment is deficit neutral. It United Kingdom and France exceeds 30 eliminate the Federal guarantee on is financed by using part of the fiscal percent, very close to ours. AFDC for dependent children while dividend that will accrue to the Fed- And we do not know what to do about providing funding for a 7-year $354 bil- eral Government if we balance the it. lion tax cut. budget. Dr. Lawrence Mead, professor at New And I am opposed to the tax cuts im- The budget resolution reported out York University, now visiting professor plicit in the budget resolution now be- by the Senate Budget Committee re- at the Woodrow Wilson School of Pub- fore the Senate. You may make the tax serves the fiscal dividend for tax cuts. lic and International Affairs at Prince- cuts appear costless by stipulating that I fail to understand how we can jus- ton, testified before the Finance Com- tax reduction will be financed with the tify tax cuts at the same time that we mittee on March 9 of this year. He so-called fiscal dividend—estimated by are, for example: withdrawing the Fed- asked: CBO to be about $170 billion. eral guarantee of support for dependent Can the forces behind growing welfare be But why should the fiscal dividend be children; reducing government pro- stemmed? Conservative analysts say that reserved for tax cuts? grams like Medicare and Medicaid by unwed pregnancy is the greatest evil in wel- Who can have a greater claim on our over 15 percent; and threatening an end fare, the cause not only of dependency but conscience than poor children. I am other social ills. On all sides, people call for to vital public services through the simply asking the Senate to adjust less a ‘‘family policy’’ that would solve this prob- than one-half of 1 percent of total elimination of subsidies for AMTRAK. lem. As I stated on introducing the Fam- But we have no such policy. The great fact spending provided for in the budget res- ily Support Act of 1995 last Thursday: is that neither policymakers nor researchers olution in favor of impoverished chil- It is beyond belief that in the middle of the have found any incentive, benefit, or other dren. Have we really come to the point, Great Depression in the 1930’s, we provided intervention that can do much to cut the at the close of the 20th century, when for children a minimum benefit to keep them unwed pregnancy rate. that is too much to ask? alive, and in the middle of a successful 1990’s What we do know is that the program In a series of speeches in February of with a 7 trillion dollar economy we’re going we enacted in 1988, the Job Opportuni- this year I opposed the constitutional to take that away. ties and Basic Skills Training [JOBS] amendment to balance the budget. I Senators who have been following the Program, can have a modest, but im- stated then, and still believe, that we subject of welfare policy will recognize portant effect. can and will balance the budget with- the bill I introduced last week as a suc- Dr. Mead told the committee that: out a constitutional requirement. cessor to the Family Support Act of A tough JOBS program appears to be one I noted the progress that had already 1988, which was adopted in this Cham- reason why Wisconsin has reduced its wel- been made as a result of a $500 billion ber just this side of 7 years ago, on Sep- fare rolls, despite generous welfare benefits. deficit reduction program enacted in tember 29, 1988, by a vote of 96 to 1. Very likely, JOBS has operated to restrain 1993—enacted I might add without one When President Ronald Reagan welfare growth nationwide. Republican vote in either the Senate or signed the bill in the Rose Garden on Lawrence Townsend, Director of the the House. As a result of deficit reduc- October 13, he thanked those who, as he Department of Public Social Services tion measures enacted in 1993, the def- said, shared the credit for ‘‘this land- of Riverside County, CA, who runs icit has declined for three straight mark legislation’’, including Senator what is recognized as one of the most years—from $290 billion in fiscal year DOLE, Senator PACKWOOD, and Senator successful JOBS programs in the coun- 1992 to an estimated $175 billion for the Bentsen, as well as Representatives try, spoke to the Finance Committee current fiscal year. Rostenkowski, HANK BROWN, Michel, on March 20: Let us proceed with good cheer know- Frenzel, and Downey. * * * of the importance of the existence of a ing that we can get a balanced budget These members of Congress will be Federally mandated, properly focused, and without ending an entitlement for de- remembered, President Reagan said; adequately funded JOBS program. If de- pendent children. signed properly, the JOBS program can be for accomplishing what many have at- one of the best vehicles for assisting those MEDICARE/MEDICAID CUTS tempted, but no one has achieved in several who are AFDC-dependent to successfully tra- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, this de- decades: a meaningful redirection of our wel- verse the road to self sufficiency. bate is about priorities, fairness and fare system. The Family Support Act of 1995 choices. We agree on the bottom line. It will seem unimaginable to us builds on what we know. Evaluation We agree on balancing the budget and today, but the Family Support Act was confirms that the JOBS program bringing this deficit down. But we part not a partisan political measure. works. As a result of evaluation we are company on how to get there. Together Republicans and Democrats learning how programs can perform I say we should get to the bottom passed a bill that was based largely on better, by increasing participation re- line without putting our seniors, our what we had learned during the 1980’s quirements, and placing more emphasis students, our farmers, and our working about how to get welfare recipients on actual work. families in the firing line. into work. A number of States had States need more flexibility to test I say we should choose quality health used the flexibility we gave them in new policies. My bill allows States to care for our seniors over unnecessary 1981 to do this, and there had been set their own rules for assets and to de- tax breaks for those who need it the careful evaluation of their efforts. The sign their own rules for eligibility for least. Family Support Act of 1988 recognized the Unemployed Parent program—wel- In the last couple of weeks I have a mutual obligation. The Government fare benefits for 2-parent families. It heard my Republican friends say that would provide training and child care, says that a decision on a waiver will be their budget resolution does not cut and help the parent find a job. But the made within 90 days. Medicare. They say, ‘‘Only in Wash- parent had an obligation to do what And we can fulfill our obligations to ington would someone say that reduc- was required. our Nation’s children and still balance ing the rate of growth from 10 to 7.1 The proposal that is envisaged in this the budget in a reasonable timeframe if percent is a cut’’. budget resolution is vastly different. It we eschew tax cuts. Well, to this I respond with the fol- gives up entirely on a national com- Faced with a huge budget deficits I lowing: Only in Washington would they mitment. have consistently opposed tax cuts in say to a senior citizen—We’re not cut- We have a problem in this country any shape or form. ting your Medicare, just hand over $900 that we share with most of the rest of As I indicated 10 days ago on ‘‘Meet more out of your pocket each year to the western world, and that is the prob- the Press’’: pay for it.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7227 But, while we’re doing it—remember, lican plan, Iowa hospitals will lose on mature. Jon spent 6 weeks in intensive it’s not a cut. average $1,276 for each Medicare case in care in Blank Children’s Hospital in Only in Washington would they pro- the year 2000. And rural hospitals Des Moines. When Jon was 9 months pose the largest insurance rate hike on throughout the United States stand to old he was diagnosed with severe cere- senior citizens in our country’s his- lose $866 per case in the year 2000—Iowa bral palsy and severe developmental tory, at the same time they hand over rural hospitals will lose even more. delays. Today, Jon is doing great. He is a new $20,000 tax break to those mak- But rural hospitals are not the only growing up in rural Iowa with his dad, ing over $350,000 a year. ones to lose. As rural hospitals go, so mom, and big brother. But, remember, it’s not a cut. goes the rest of the health care system, Both Deb and Doug work—Doug dur- Only in Washington would we pro- so goes quality and access to care pro- ing the day and Deb at night so one of pose soaking our seniors while we con- vided to all Iowans, and so goes our them can always be home to care for tinue to needlessly funnel billions into rural economy. Jon. But, Jon is able to stay home be- the bloated, wasteful Pentagon. If the hospital closes it often means cause Medicaid help pays for Jon’s But, remember, it’s not a cut. that the doctor’s office closes, the health care and other services that will Mr. President, a constituent from pharmacy closes, and the nursing home help him become an independent work- Dubuque, Iowa hit the nail right on the goes. Pretty soon so does the local ing adult. head when she wrote me last week. economy. It is a domino effect. Deb says that Jon would not be the ‘‘How can they reconcile these cuts,’’ Listen to what a doctor in Sibley, IA, happy healthy kid he is today if it she said, ‘‘and give tax cuts to the had to say: wasn’t for the help he received through more affluent * * * meanwhile nothing In Sibley, we have a very viable, small Medicaid. Under this budget resolution is being cut from the Pentagon.’’ rural hospital that gives total patient care. there are no guarantees that Jon, or Today, we spend five times more on We are able to manage most patients effi- others like him, will continue to re- our military than all of our potential ciently and effectively. But with the pro- ceived the health care services that he posed cuts in Medicare that the current enemies combined. If you couple that needs to live a full life. with what our allies spend—today, we budget is envisioning, we can see this as a terrible drain on our hospital’s economy. The budget resolution before us are outspending our enemies ten to The proposed cuts would put our hospital in means that fewer children in working one. The United States and our allies a losing situation. Further cutting in the families and children with severe dis- spend about $510 billion a year. While funding could certainly endanger the exist- abilities will have access to health our potential enemies spend about $54 ence of this hospital. In Sibley, the Osceola care. Last year, 82 percent of the peo- billion combined. Community Hospital is the only hospital in ple who lost their health care coverage And we can’t find one thin dime to a 20-mile radius. This could certainly be a hazard to the health of the general area. were children. Our children deserve a cut from the military? In fact, this chance. Our children are our future and budget increases the Pentagon by $25 But Medicare is not the only item on if we don’t take care of them now we billion. the hit list. What about Medicaid? will pay later—in lower productivity Mr. President, let us call this what it What about long-term care? and greater health and education costs. Instead of improving the system, the is. This is an assault on our senior citi- Mr. President, I will end where I Republicans are proposing a $175 billion zens. A $256 billion assault. By far, the began. This is a debate about choices cut in Medicaid. That will deal a heavy largest Medicare cut in history. and the future. The future for not just We have a moral responsibility to blow to the 6 out of 10 people in nursing the next generation of children, but bring down the deficit and balance the homes who are receiving help from this generation, too. budget. But it is morally wrong to Medicaid. Let us work to cut the deficit with- promise a huge tax cut to the wealthy These people have used up whatever out cutting the future for seniors, at the same time we ask seniors to savings they had before they qualified working families, students, and kids. take a cut in their health care. for Medicaid. They are hard working Let’s make the right choice. It is morally wrong to give a $20,000 middle-class families that, because of gift to the wealthy while we cut bene- an illness in the family, have lost their AMENDMENT NO. 1123 fits for seniors who live on less than life savings. Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, dur- $20,000 a year. They are not looking for an easy way ing my campaign, I promised the vot- I hear a lot of talk about the Con- out or handout. They continue to share ers of Michigan to both oppose any ef- tract With America. What about our in the cost of their care—they use their fort to raise their taxes and to support Nation’s contract with senior citizens? Social Security and pension income to badly needed tax cuts—especially for What about keeping that commitment? pay as much of the bills as they can. the hard working middle-class families Medicare and Medicaid are a basic But the Republican budget resolution in our State. While not perfect, I in- part of America’s contract with sen- would cut an estimated $299 million in tend to support the amendment before iors. And we ought not to break that long-term care spending in Iowa the Senate because it first provides for contract to pay for a tax break to through the year 2000—a 15.3 percent a balanced budget and also provides those who need it the least. cut in long-term care spending. significant tax relief primarily tar- These cuts will hit Iowa particularly Under these cuts, an estimated 5,300 geted at American families. Indeed, I hard. Iowa ranks first in percent of Iowans are expected to lose their eligi- plan to support any reasonable pro- citizens over age 85 and third nation- bility for Medicaid long term care ben- posal for middle-class family tax relief ally in percent of the population over efits in 1996—and that could grow to brought to the Senate until some form age 65. The health care system in rural 28,500 by the year 2000. That’s a 48 per- of family tax cut is adopted. Iowa is already on the critical list—we cent reduction in the number of long- Although I support much in this have too, few doctors, nurses and other term care recipients by the year 2000. amendment, there are certain provi- health care professionals and many of I also hear a lot about our children in sions which I would change given the our rural hospitals are barely making this budget debate. What about kids? opportunity. For example, while I sup- it. This budget resolution places the port restraining the growth of manda- And, Iowa hospitals, doctors, and health care of millions of children at tory spending, the underlying resolu- other health professionals depend heav- risk. Thirteen percent of Iowa’s chil- tion already slows the growth of Medi- ily on Medicare payments. In some dren are covered by Medicaid and many care as much as most Governors are rural Iowa hospitals, as much as 80 per- of these children are very sick or have willing to support. cent of total patient revenues come severe disabilities. Furthermore, while I agree that it is from the Medicare system. These cuts are going to hurt hard possible to reduce discretionary spend- Iowa hospitals are financially working Iowa families. Let me give you ing further than the pending budget strained and 75 percent of all hospitals just one example. resolution provides, I do not think it is lost money on patient revenue in 1993. Deb and Doug live in Lake View, IA, advisable to do so on a proportionate But, according to a recent study con- and in 1982 their son Jon was born en across-the-board basis. Rather, I be- ducted by Lewin-VHI, under the Repub- route to the hospital—2 months pre- lieve additional program eliminations

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 and consolidations in targeted areas is simple fact—this budget resolution will called ‘‘the best antipoverty, the best the proper course to follow. mean fewer dollars in the pockets of pro-family, the best job creation meas- Given these reservations, I intend to these workers. ure to come out of the Congress.’’ work to see that other spending reduc- As we debate the proper level of fund- A quick look at these arguments tions—focused primarily on corporate ing for the earned income tax credit, shows they are without merit. First, welfare—are used to help pay for tax we should remember that the number the program is not out of control be- cuts in the event this amendment we set will have a very real impact on cause it is growing at the rate set by passes. millions of American families and over the Congress. In 1993, an expansion of A final concern I have is with the 31,000 families in my State. I’d like to the EITC was approved. Once this ex- overall distribution of benefits result- introduce you to two South Dakota pansion is fully phased in next year, ing from this amendment. I disagree families to illustrate my point. the rate of growth level out so as to with those who would set up a quota Karen Olson and Paul Lovestrand are correspond to the rate of inflation and system for tax cuts, measuring the a married couple who live in Rapid population growth. Indeed, the credit value of each provision by how uni- City, which is located in the western will decline as a percentage of GDP be- formly it distributes its benefits. At part of my home State. They have ginning in 1997. the same time, it is easy to forget that three small children—aged 4 years, 2 Second, the claims of some Senators it is middle-class Americans and their years, and 7 months. Paul works 60 that a whopping 35 to 45 percent of all families who pay most of the taxes the hours per week as a baker at the Sixth EITC payments by the IRS are made Federal Government consumes, and I Street Bakery and Deli, Karen works erroneously are simply not true. It is believe they should be the primary two part-time jobs—catering for the true that an IRS study of 1,000 returns beneficiaries of tax cuts. Thus, if this same deli and cleaning a dentist’s of- filed electronically in January 1994 amendment or any other tax reduction fice. found that approximately 25 percent of proposal is adopted, I intend to work Despite their hard work, Karen and the EITC benefits claimed were in with the Finance Committee to ensure Paul do not have any savings. They error. The IRS concluded that many of that middle-class Americans are made have qualified for the EITC for the past these errors were unintentional but the focus of any tax cut passed by the 2 years, receiving $600 this year. Karen that some significant fraud also ex- Senate this year. and Paul relied on their EITC payment isted. to cover the cost of a needed plumbing POSITION ON VOTE What the critics will not tell you, job and a repair to the steps of their Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, due to however, is that the Clinton adminis- house that was required by their insur- an unfortunate miscommunication, my tration has acted swiftly and aggres- ance company. Without the EITC, they vote on the Harkin amendment to re- sively to correct this problem. Specifi- would have had to cut back in other store education funding, which was the cally, 12 measures to simplify the EITC areas to pay these repair bills. second of two back-to-back amend- and reduce erroneous or undeserved Nancy and Ted Lewis also live in ments, was not recorded. There is no claims have already been adopted. The Rapid City. They are married with two one in the Senate who is a stronger ad- critics conveniently leave out another small children—aged 3 years and 6 vocate for education programs than I very important fact. The study that months. Both Nancy and Ted are col- am, and I am disappointed that this they rely on was conducted before any lege-educated, but they have had trou- error occurred. If it had been recorded, of the administration’s anti-error pro- ble finding work since moving to Rapid my vote would have been ‘‘yea.’’ visions were put in place. City nearly 3 years ago. Ted holds RAISE TAXES ON WORKING FAMILIES TO PAY FOR Mr. President, there can be no jus- TAX CUTS BENEFITING THE WEALTHY? THAT’S down two jobs—he teaches English at tification for this rollback of the EITC, THE REPUBLICAN PLAN Western Dakota Technical Institute Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, in the and works at a sign-making store. other than a desire on the part of my Republican budget resolution, there is Nancy is trained as an art teacher, but Republican colleagues to find ways to only one explicit tax provision. It is cannot find work that would pay more pay for their tax cut plan, which will not, as many Americans might guess, a than the cost of child care. largely benefit the wealthy. Putting measure to provide tax relief. Rather, For the past 3 years, Nancy and Ted the burden of paying for that ill-ad- it is a tax increase, and an egregious have qualified for the EITC, receiving vised plan on low-income families is one at that. It is egregious because it the maximum amount this year. They simply inexcusable. targets those on the lowest rungs of have relied on their EITC payments for Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Mr. President, the economic ladder, the families that major car repairs, children’s clothing when I was elected to the Senate in are working harder than ever and yet and overdue bills. The EITC also al- 1992, I came to Washington committed are still struggling to support them- lowed them to repay a loan they took to taking bold action in order to bal- selves and their families. out when Ted was between jobs and ance the Federal budget and eliminate This provision would reduce pay- rent money was scarce. the national debt. I knew that the ments under the Earned Income Tax Karen and Paul and Nancy and Ted tough decisions necessary to reach Credit [EITC] by $17 billion over 7 are playing by the rules. They are these goals would require tremendous years. More than 12 million low-income working hard and raising their children political courage by individual Mem- working families would see their tax in a stable family environment. But bers of Congress. Frankly Mr. Presi- bills go up by more than $1,500—and the even though they are doing everything dent, it was not until the Republican money they have left over for food, right, their wages are not high enough Party assumed control of the Congress housing, clothing and medical care go to provide for all of their families’ last November and Senator DOMENICI down. needs. assumed the chairmanship of the Budg- Make no mistake, however. The Re- For years, Democrats and Repub- et Committee that I began to see the publicans do plan further action on licans have agreed that the Federal sort of courage necessary to put Amer- taxes. They plan to take the savings Government should give families like ica’s financial house in order. they achieve from cutting tax credits Karen and Paul’s and Nancy and Ted’s Despite having control of the White to low-income working families, cut- a helping hand. By lessening their tax House and both chambers of Congress ting education, cutting Medicare—and burden, the EITC makes it a little easi- from 1992 to 1994, the Democrat Party use those savings to fund a tax cut er for them to make ends meet. In failed to offer a plan to balance the which will largely benefit the wealthi- other words, the EITC rewards those budget. Instead, President Clinton gave est members of our society. who choose work over welfare. America its largest tax increase ever Some of my Republican colleagues But now my Republican colleagues and proposed a government takeover of have argued that they are not raising have decided that the EITC program is health care. This is just the type of be- taxes on low-income workers, that out of control and fraught with fraud havior which voters have come to ex- they are merely reducing the rate of and error. These excuses are being used pect from President Clinton. When growth in the EITC program. This se- to justify a cut in funds for the pro- faced with an impending financial dis- mantic exercise does not change one gram that President Ronald Reagan aster his administration offered this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7229 Nation higher taxes and bigger govern- introduced a welfare reform bill which TRIBUTE TO COL. JOSEPH W. ment as the solution. Well, with the addresses the root causes of welfare de- CORNELISON support of his congressional allies, pendency and runaway welfare costs. It Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I rise to President Clinton got his tax increase, is also why I agreed to co-chair the recognize the dedication, public serv- but his big-government approach to Senate Task Force on the elimination ice, and patriotism of Col. Joseph W. health care crashed and sank on the of federal agencies which today will an- Cornelison, U.S. Army, on the occasion rocks of old-fashioned American com- nounce plans for abolishing the Depart- of his retirement after 26 years of mon sense. ment of Commerce. Plans for elimi- faithful service to our Nation. Colonel That was the last Congress. What nating the Departments of HUD, En- Cornelison’s strong commitment to ex- plan has the President offered during ergy and Education are in the offing. cellence will leave a lasting impact on the 104th Congress to balance the budg- We must not lack the courage to act the vitality of our modern war fighters, et? In the words of Senator DOLE, together to take bold actions such as commanding admiration and respect President Clinton has been AWOL on limiting the growth in welfare spend- from his military colleagues and Mem- the budget—‘‘absent without leader- ing, abolishing unnecessary agencies, bers of Congress. ship.’’ I just don’t understand it. Every and reforming Medicare. To do other- Colonel Cornelison, a 1969 graduate of time that President Clinton stares a wise, will be to tell our children and the U.S. Military Academy, is serving balanced budget in the eye, he blinks. grandchildren that the generation his last day of a 21 month assignment First, he actively fought against the which fought and won World War II and as the special assistant for Environ- balanced budget amendment, and then the cold war has now chosen to abdi- ment and Installations, Office of the he refused to offer his own plan for cate its generational responsibility. A Assistant Secretary of Defense for Leg- bringing the Federal budget into bal- legacy of debt is grossly inconsistent islative Affairs. ance. Moreover, when his cabinet in- with the self-reliant pioneer values He holds a master’s degree in public formed him that we are facing an im- which have built this great nation and service from Western Kentucky Univer- minent Medicare crisis, the President made it the world’s lone superpower. sity, and has his juris doctorate from did nothing. Perhaps, that is what he When debate time on the budget reso- Georgetown University Law Center. does best: nothing. lution has expired and the time for vot- When President Clinton does meekly ing occurs, the eyes of the world and From April 1970 to August 1971, Colo- act to fulfill his constitutional respon- our children will be focused on the nel Cornelison was a forward observer, sibilities, such as proposing his own . They will wait fire direction officer, and artillery liai- budget plan, even his own party cuts to see whether, like the House of Rep- son officer, 173d Airborne Brigade, Re- and runs. Last week the Senate re- resentatives, Members of the Senate public of Vietnam. He ensured the ef- jected the Clinton budget by a vote of possess the courage and vision to sup- fective delivery of direct artillery sup- 99 to 0. No one voted for the Clinton port a resolution which provides for a port to an infantry unit in combat. He budget. No responsible Member of Con- balanced budget. then served as battery commander, as- gress would dare vote for a budget We have already seen the reaction of sistant division personnel officer and which would have increased the deficit the world’s financial markets when the assistant battalion operations officer from $176 billion this year to $276 bil- balanced budget amendment died in for 101st Airborne Division [Air As- lion in the year 2000 by which time we this Chamber not long ago. If we repeat sault] in Fort Campbell, KY. As com- would have added $1.2 trillion to the that profile in cowardice we will no mander, he conducted a tactical national debt. And yet this is what doubt reap the whirlwind. We will sig- standdown of a field artillery battery President Clinton proposed. nal to the rest of the world and more in Vietnam and redeployed its per- President Clinton may be content to importantly to our children that noth- sonnel and equipment to the United sit in the Oval Office at the other end ing has changed in Washington—the States. In the personnel position, was a of Pennsylvania Avenue and blithely business as usual spending spree con- key player in the assignment of several ignore the current budget crisis and tinues and we have no intention what- hundred officers and undertook review the daily mounting debt, but I for one soever to make serious spending cuts. of an array of regulatory requirements did not leave 45 years of hard work in I commend Chairman DOMENICI for to identify those that could be elimi- the private sector to come to Wash- his outstanding leadership in drafting a nated because of redundancy, obsoles- ington and turn a blind-eye to our Na- long overdue plan to end our Nation’s cence or insufficient value. He also or- tion’s fundamental problem. That is experiment with fiscal irresponsibility. ganized and executed an advanced why I have come to the Senate floor In my short career in the Senate, I can training program for newly assigned today to assure my colleagues that I think of no vote more important than personnel. am wholeheartedly committed to this one. Our votes on this budget reso- From August 1977 to July 1978, Colo- working with them to balance the lution will clearly define where each of nel Cornelison was the law clerk to the budget, and go beyond that to paying us stands on the most important issue Hon. Oliver Gasch, judge of U.S. Dis- down the principal on our $4.7 trillion facing our Nation. I intend to stand trict Court for the District of Colum- national debt. with those who want to balance the bia. He assisted the judge in manage- A child born today would have to pay budget by 2002. I intend to stand with ment of his civil docket which included $187,500 over his or her lifetime just to those who believe that America’s fami- hearings, researching and briefing pay interest on the national debt. For lies are desperately in need of tax re- issues and drafting opinions. He then those concerned about the impact of lief. served as trial counsel, chief of admin- the proposed budget on children, this The people of North Carolina who istrative law, and officer-in-charge of per child cost imposed by the national sent me here expect and deserve no Bamberg Branch Office for the 1st Ar- debt should be the real focus of our less. mored Division in the Federal Republic concern for children. Mr. KEMPTHORNE addressed the of Germany. In these three positions, We all know that the steps necessary Chair. he progressed from serving as pros- to balance the budget will not be easy. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ecutor in criminal trials to providing It will require each of us to summon up ator from Idaho. legal support on issues associated with command to serving as city counsel to the courage to cut or eliminate govern- f ment programs which in times of a a major military community. budget surplus we might otherwise sup- MORNING BUSINESS Colonel Cornelison went to serve as port. Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, I assistant to the General Counsel, Office I recognize that such questions about now ask unanimous consent that there of the Secretary of the Army, Head- government programs are difficult, but be a period for the transaction of morn- quarters, Department of the Army, as the national debt continues to grow ing business, with Senators permitted Washington, DC from June 1982 to De- out-of-control at a rate of $20 million to speak for up to 10 minutes each. cember 1983. He developed improve- per hour, the questions only become The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ments to debarment and suspension more difficult. That is why last week I objection, it is so ordered. procedures and increasing emphasis on

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 contract fraud discovery and avoid- Jewish Appeal. His tireless efforts in EXECUTIVE SESSION ance. He contributed to studies of spare assisting the education, well-being, and parts procurement and of ways to im- happiness of countless Jewish refugees prove contracting for major weapons. worldwide is admirable. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR His next position was as chief, Special To understand the depth of Lou’s Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, Litigation Branch (Environmental), Of- love for and dedication to the happi- as in executive session, I ask unani- fice of the Judge Advocate General, ness of others, one need only review his mous consent the Senate immediately Washington, DC from December 1983 to constant involvement in and uncom- proceed to the consideration of Execu- January 1985. He organized a team of mon generosity to the Sioux Falls com- tive Calendar Nos. 124 through 143, and five attorneys and two engineers to as- munity. His persistently positive im- all the nominations on the Secretary’s sist Department of Justice in a lawsuit pact on others and his continuous com- desk en bloc. I further ask that the filed against Shell Oil under the Com- mitment to making a difference cannot nominations be confirmed en bloc, the prehensive Environmental Response, be overstated. For six decades, Lou has motions to reconsider be laid upon the Compensation, and Liability Act. He been recognized repeatedly for his hard table en bloc, that any statements re- then served as General Counsel [SJA] work on behalf of the Sioux Falls com- lating to the nominations appear at for U.S. Army South and Joint Task munity. His efforts in reaching across the appropriate place in the RECORD, Force Panama from July 1985 to June religious lines to work with persons of the President be immediately notified 1989. He managed the delivery of all all faiths deservedly has earned the re- of the Senate’s action, and that the legal services within the command. spect and affection of many people, in- Senate then return to legislative ses- Colonel Cornelison’s next assignment cluding myself. I extend my sincere sion. was as special counsel to the Assistant gratitude and appreciation to Lou The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Attorney General (Civil Division) for Hurwitz for his selfless service to the objection, it is so ordered. Department of Justice from July 1989 people of South Dakota, the Sioux The nominations considered and con- to June 1990. He was selected to serve Falls Jewish community, and thou- firmed en bloc are as follows: in this capacity under a fellowship sands of others elsewhere. FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE through the Army War College. He rep- Mr. President, Lou’s extraordinary CORPORATION resented DOJ on an interagency group dedication to helping others mirrors Eugene Branstool, of Ohio, to be a Member responsible for implementing a Presi- the teachings of the Hebrew scholar, of the Board of Directors of the Federal Agri- dential executive order calling for a Maimonides. According to the teach- cultural Mortgage Corporation. drug-free, Federal workplace, serving ings of Maimonides, the highest level DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE as liaison to the Executive Office for of charity is to enable other human Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be Under U.S. Attorneys, and advising on settle- beings to help themselves. I am proud Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Edu- ment of litigation. He served as chief, of Lou’s efforts in that regard. He has cation, and Economics. Environmental Law Division, Office of enabled countless Jewish refugees AIR FORCE the Judge Advocate General for the De- around the world to become stronger. I The following-named officer for appoint- partment of the Army from June 1990 congratulate Lou for all he has accom- ment to the grade of general while assigned to March 1991. He managed the Army’s plished. He has left a legacy that al- to a position of importance and responsi- environmental litigation and provided ways will be a source of pride to all bility under Title 10, United States Code, legal advice to the Army staff and exe- South Dakotans. I join with Lou’s Section 601: cuted the Army’s environmental pro- friends and family members in wishing To be general gram. From March 1991 to September this extraordinary man the very best Lt. Gen. Billy J. Boles, 000–00–0000, United 1993, he was executive to the Judge Ad- in all he has yet to achieve. States Air Force. vocate General for the Department of The following-named officer for appoint- the Army. Served as personal advisor ment to the grade of lieutenant general f while assigned to a position of importance and executive assistant to the Army’s and responsibility under Title 10, United senior military lawyer. He managed an IS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE? States Code, Section 601: office of 74 lawyers and 47 support per- THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES To be lieutenant general sonnel, $3,000,000 budget, and assisted Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the im- Maj. Gen. John C. Griffith, 000–00–0000, in providing legal support to the Army . worldwide. pression simply will not go away: To- day’s $4.8 trillion Federal debt is a gro- The following-named officer for appoint- Colonel Cornelison currently is serv- ment to the grade of lieutenant general ing as assistant for Installations and tesque parallel to the energizer bunny while assigned to a position of importance Environment, Office of the Assistant we see, and see, and see on television. and responsibility under Title 10, United Secretary of Defense for Legislative The Federal debt keeps going and going States Code, Section 601: Affairs. He serves as a liaison between and going—up, of course—always to the To be lieutenant general Congress and the Office of the Sec- added misery of the American tax- Maj. Gen. Lloyd W. Newton, 000–00–0000, retary of Defense and as an advocate of payers. United States Air Force. the Department’s legislative program. So many politicians talk a good The following-named officer for appoint- Our Nation, the U.S. Army, his wife game—when, that is, they go home to ment to the grade of general on the retired Ella and his family, can truly be proud talk—and ‘‘talk’’ is the operative list pursuant to the provisions to Title 10, of the Colonel’s many accomplish- word—about bringing Federal deficits United States Code, Section 1370: ments. A man of his extraordinary tal- and the Federal debt under control. To be general ent and integrity is rare indeed. While But, sad to say, so many of these Gen. Charles G. Boyd, 000–00–0000, United his honorable service will be genuinely very same politicians have regularly States Air Force. The following-named officer for appoint- missed in the Department of Defense, voted for one bloated spending bill after another during the 103d Congress ment to the grade of general on the retired it gives me great pleasure to recognize list pursuant to the provisions to Title 10, Col. Joseph Cornelison before my col- and before. Come to think about it, United States Code, Section 1370: this may have been a primary factor in leagues and wish him all of our best To be general wishes in his new and exciting career. the new configuration of U.S. Senators as a result of last November’s elec- Gen. John M. Loh, 000–00–0000, United f States Air Force. tions. TRIBUTE TO LOUIS HURWITZ The following-named officer for reappoint- In any event, Mr. President, as of ment to the grade of lieutenant general Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, I rise yesterday, Monday, May 22, at the while assigned to a position of importance today to pay special tribute to Louis close of business, the total Federal and responsibility under Title 10, United Hurwitz of Sioux Falls, SD, on his re- debt stood—down to the penny—at ex- States Code, Section 601: tirement after 57 years as executive actly $4,883,843,317,167.73 or $18,539.15 To be lieutenant general secretary of the Sioux Falls Jewish per man, woman, child on a per capita Lt. Gen. John S. Fairfield, 000–00–0000, Welfare Fund, a branch of the United basis. Res ipsa loquitu. United States Air Force.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7231 The following-named officer for appoint- Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, and ap- there is 2 minutes remaining, if I could ment to the grade of lieutenant general on pointment to the grade of general while serv- be notified. the retired list pursuant to the provisions of ing in that position under the provisions of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Title 10, United States Code, Section 1370: Title 10, United States Code, section 5043: ator from Idaho. To be lieutenant general To be commandant of the Marine Corps f Lt. Gen. Carl G. O’Berry, 000–00–0000, Lt. Gen. Charles C. Krulak, 000–00–0000, United States Air Force. USMC. BALANCING THE BUDGET The following-named officer for appoint- DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, I ment to the grade of lieutenant general thank the Chair very much. while assigned to a position of importance Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be a Member of the Board of Directors of the I think we have had some tremen- and responsibility under Title 10, United dous debate on the whole issue of the States Code, Section 601: Commodity Credit Corporation. budget. We have heard people say, yes, To be lieutenant general f there is enough that has been taken Maj. Gen. Eugene D. Santarelli, 000–00–0000, NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE out or added or there is too much. United States Air Force. SECRETARY’S DESK The fact is that on this budget de- ARMY bate, whether or not we should balance IN THE AIR FORCE, ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY The following named officer for appoint- the budget, if we follow the status quo, ment to the grade of lieutenant general Air Force nominations beginning Robert D. Curry, and ending Ward Y. Tom, which which is by far the easier thing to do while assigned to a position of importance today, because we will not have to and responsibility under Title 10, United nominations were received by the Senate and States Code, Section 601(a): appeared in the Congressional Record of make the tough votes if we follow the To be lieutenant general March 30, 1995. status quo that we have been on for so Air Force nominations beginning Major many years—the fact is if we follow Maj. Gen. Leonard D. Holder, Jr., 000–00– Bradley C. Andreesen, and ending major 0000, U.S. Army. that status quo, we will lose this coun- Charles E. Lowrey, which nominations were The following named officer for reappoint- try. received by the Senate and appeared in the ment to the grade of general while assigned The spirited, the polite, partisan de- Congressional Record of April 3, 1995. to a position of importance and responsi- bate that we have had during the Air Force nominations beginning Major bility under title 10, United States Code, sec- course of this discussion will give way Jose T. Aguinega, and ending Major Stephen tions 601(a) and 3033: L. Jerentowski, which nominations were re- if we pursue the status quo to an abso- TO BE GENERAL ceived by the Senate and appeared in the lute crisis situation. Shock waves will To be chief of staff of the Army Congressional Record of April 3, 1995. be sent throughout the world if in fact Gen. Dennis J. Reimer, 000–00–0000, U.S. Air Force nomination of James C. Ingram, the United States reaches that point of Army. Jr., which was received by the Senate and financial collapse. And in that situa- The following named officer to be placed appeared in the Congressional Record of tion, Mr. President, as you well know, on the retired list in the grade indicated April 24, 1995. there will not be a United States to under the provisions of Title 10, United Army nominations beginning John A. bail us out. States Code, Section 1370: Adams, and ending * Dari Wollschlaeger, The last balanced budget was 1969. I To be general which nominations were received by the Sen- was a junior in high school in 1969. ate and appeared in the Congressional Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan, 000–00–0000, U.S. Record of March 23, 1995. Now, I can tell you that was not that Army. Army nominations beginning * Russell R. long ago. I can relate back to that. I The following named officer to be placed now have a daughter who next year on the retired list in the grade indicated Moores, Jr., and ending Michael J. Smith, under the provisions of Title 10, United which nominations were received by the Sen- will be a junior in high school. So you States Code, Section 1370: ate and appeared in the Congressional see, it has been a generation since we Record of March 30, 1995. To be lieutenant general have had a balanced budget. Army nominations beginning James W. In high school, the last thing that I Lt. Gen. Marvin L. Covault, 000–00–0000, Clevenger, Jr., and ending Charles M. King, ever thought about as a high school U.S. Army. which nominations were received by the Sen- student was a balanced national budg- The following named officer for appoint- ate and appeared in the Congressional ment to the grade of lieutenant general Record of April 24, 1995. et. It just did not cross my mind, and while assigned to a position of importance Marine Corps nominations beginning David yet at that time, we had a balanced and responsibility under Title 10, United F. Allen, and ending Euseekers Williams, Jr., budget. States Code, Section 601(a): which nominations were received by the Sen- But $5 trillion later, I wished that To be lieutenant general ate and appeared in the Congressional the adults of that era would have real- Maj. Gen. Robert E. Gray, 000–00–0000, U.S. Record of March 23, 1995. ized what should have been done—$5 Army. Marine Corps nominations beginning Ste- trillion later. Now I am the father of The following named officer for reappoint- phen J. Acosta, and ending Gregory N. Zima, two great kids, Heather and Jeff. Next ment to the grade of lieutenant general which nominations were received by the Sen- year they will both be in high school. while assigned to a position of importance ate and appeared in the Congressional Record of May 2, 1995. But the difference between their being and responsibility under Title 10, United in high school and when I was in high States Code, Section 601(a): Navy nominations beginning Vanita Ahvja, school is that they now will owe, as To be lieutenant general and ending Perry N. Willette, which nomina- tions were received by the Senate and ap- every other American in this country Lt. Gen. John E. Miller, 000–00–0000, U.S. peared in the Congressional Record of March will owe, $19,000 on the national debt, Army. 30, 1995. The following named officer for appoint- and they did not do anything wrong ex- Navy nominations beginning Charles S. ment to the grade of lieutenant general cept to inherit this $5 trillion debt. Abbot, and ending Jake Zweig, which nomi- while assigned to a position of importance In the State of Idaho, the State law nations were received by the Senate and ap- and responsibility under Title 10, United requires that we must have a balanced peared in the Congressional Record of March States Code, Section 601(a): 30, 1995. budget every year, and in the same To be lieutenant general Navy nominations beginning Ryan D. world that our Federal Government op- Maj. Gen. William G. Carter III, 000–00– Aaron, and ending David G. Zook, which erates today in its red ink, Republican 0000, U.S. Army. nominations were received by the Senate and Gov. Phil Batt gave the people of Idaho NAVY appeared in the Congressional Record of a $40 million property tax relief. The The following named officer to be placed March 30, 1995. fact of the matter was, it was their on the retired list in the grade indicated f money, just as it is the money of the under the provisions of Title 10, United people of America that we are talking States Code, Section 1370: LEGISLATIVE SESSION about. It is not the Government’s To be vice admiral The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under money. Vice Adm. Donald F. Hagen, 000–00–0000, the previous order, the Senate will re- So we owe it to our kids to deal with U.S. Navy. turn to legislative session. this issue, and we owe it to our parents MARINE CORPS Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, I to deal with this issue, our parents who The following named officer for appoint- would ask to be acknowledged so that came through the recession and the De- ment as Commandant of the Marine Corps, I might begin 10 minutes and when pression and tell us the stories of that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 and how it made it very clear to them: that our neighbors also are taking part So it is my hope that when the con- You do not live beyond your means. in the sacrifice. As long as all of us are ference takes place, that the message, You just do not do that. sharing in this, this is absolutely the by a strong vote from the U.S. Senate, The interest payments on the na- right thing to do for this Nation. to concentrate on deficit reduction and tional debt are the third largest part of Mr. President, I want to commend wait until we have really accomplished the budget. And the interest payments Senator PETE DOMENICI and all the that before declaring a dividend I hope do not buy a single school lunch, and members of the Budget Committee sinks in. they do not buy a single road and they that has brought us this budget resolu- do not make a single payment on a tion which is going to put us on that f Medicare bill. course so that we will have financial IN MEMORY OF LES ASPIN The national debt rises $355,000 every stability, so that the greatest nation in minute. In 1 second, $6,000—just now. the world can look with pride to know Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I am deep- That is how fast this is growing. that its future will be bright, that we ly saddened by the death of my close All of this talk about budget cuts, a will avoid that financial collapse we friend and colleague, Les Aspin. Many budget cut in Washington means some- have been headed toward and, again, of us in this body have known Les for thing very different than a budget cut that all Members of this 104th Congress many, many, many years and worked in Idaho. In the Nation’s Capital, when will know that some day we will be very closely with him. a Government program asks for a 5 per- judged as that Congress that did the Les Aspin devoted his life to public cent budget increase, and it is only right thing by action and not rhetoric. service. In his younger years, he served granted a 3 percent budget increase, we Mr. President, I yield the floor. in the Senate on the staff of our former do not call that a cut. That is an in- Mr. NUNN addressed the Chair. colleague, Senator William Proxmire. crease. But that is not how Wash- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- He also served as staff assistant to ington, DC, deals with it. We are sim- ator from Georgia. Walter Heller, the former Chairman of President Kennedy’s Council of Eco- ply slowing the growth. The budget f package that I am backing will bring nomic Advisers and on the staff of Sec- GETTING THE BUDGET UNDER us a balanced budget over the next 7 retary of Defense Robert McNamara. CONTROL years by holding the growth of Govern- Les Aspin was elected to the House of ment spending to around 3 percent a Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I would Representatives in 1970, and he imme- year. just like to say to my friend from diately sought and was granted mem- What about Social Security and Idaho, I appreciate his remarks on the bership on the House Armed Services Medicare? Well, we do not touch the reasons for getting the budget under Committee on which he later served as Social Security pension trust fund, and control and the historic nature of this chairman from 1985 through 1992. we should not because it is not the undertaking. I, too, although I cer- I had the great honor and privilege of problem. Medicare, on the other hand, tainly do not agree with everything in working with Les since I came to the must be fixed. The trustees say that it the budget resolution and I have sup- Senate in 1973. From 1987 through 1992, will be bankrupt in 7 years if the esca- ported a number of amendments and we served respectively as chairmen of lating growth is not stopped. will support others tomorrow, I, too, the House and Senate Armed Services When you think about that, if you want to add my thanks and congratula- Committees. During that time, when are now 55 years old after spending a tions to Senator DOMENICI, the chair- our chairmanships overlapped, we de- lifetime paying Medicare taxes, there man of the Budget Committee, and veloped a close personal and profes- is no assurance that there will be others on the Budget Committee, Sen- sional relationship, and we forged six enough money to pay doctor bills when ator EXON and all who worked so long National Defense Authorization Acts you become eligible. That is unaccept- and hard, disagreeing often, but com- during that period. able, and that is why we are going to ing out with this budget resolution Mr. President, these years were deal with that in this budget. that at least is a beginning point in the marked by national defense challenges The next tough issue is taxes. I op- debate for the road we must travel. of great difficulty and complexity. In pose tax increases, but what about tax It is my hope that I will be able to 1987, the cold war had begun to thaw, cuts? I will support tax cuts that meet support this resolution in the final but barely so. There were many divi- these tests. First, they must not slow analysis. It will depend on what sions in Congress on national defense the effort to balance the budget. And amendments are adopted or not adopt- issues, ranging from the size of the de- second, they must encourage invest- ed tomorrow. But I certainly hope that fense budget to the procurement of par- ment, help families with children, help I will be able to support it. It is my ticular weapons systems to the appro- small business, encourage savings that hope that when it goes to conference, priate course of national strategy. At a will pay for college, care for the elderly the conference will look carefully at time when many sought substantial re- and the purchase of first homes. what the Senate did today in turning ductions in national defense commit- I will just conclude by saying that down the very large tax cuts that were ments and programs, Les Aspin pro- after all of this discussion, I think we proposed by the Senator from Texas. vided a voice for a strong national se- need to realize that what we are talk- All of us would like tax cuts, all of us curity and a sensible American foreign ing about is the money of the Amer- would like to return that money to the policy. ican citizen. Again, not the Govern- American people because it is their As the former Soviet Union col- ment’s money. It is time that we start money, but I think the public over- lapsed, many sought to rapidly dis- leaving more of the American citizen’s whelmingly that I represent wants us mantle our military establishment. Les money with the citizen and not the to get the budget under control and Aspin recognized the continuing dan- Government. does not want us to take steps that will gers facing the United States and suc- This 104th Congress, I think, will go make that more and more difficult. cessfully led the House of Representa- down in history as that session of Con- We all know that there is going to be tives in support of a measured defense gress that finally stopped the financial group after group coming here this builddown, which was designed to decline which would lead to the ruin of summer that are going to be com- maintain our military capacity in an this country and will return it to a fi- plaining about budget cuts, many of era of defense reductions. Les was a nancial stability that we will look them with justification because they particularly forceful advocate for de- back to with a great deal of pride some are going to be impacted. We all know fense conversion and retraining pro- day. that after that process starts, it is grams designed to assist military per- Yes, we have some real tough votes more likely there is going to be fall- sonnel, civilian workers, and the de- that are facing us. But what Idahoans back in this regard. We all know that fense industry in adjusting to a new tell me is that we absolutely must bal- we need a reserve fund because we are era with new challenges. ance the Nation’s budget and we must going to have difficulties in implemen- Les was also both an originator and do it by making it an evenhanded ap- tation based on any historical exam- strong supporter in the House, and as proach so that we can look and see ination. Secretary of Defense, of the program

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7233 that is known as the Nunn-Lugar pro- ure as Secretary of Defense. Lacking a deadlock in the conferences. The big gram that works for nuclear and chem- cold war enemy and a national con- four would sort of get off together, and ical dismantlement in the former So- sensus on defense issues, Les was faced the other members, I think they were viet Union that has been so effective in with the extraordinary challenges of slightly envious in some respects, but helping denuclearize three former nu- managing a defense builddown while in other respects, they were glad they clear states and also helped in disman- retaining essential military capabili- did not have to make the decisions the tling both chemical and nuclear weap- ties. The complex and new inter- big four had to crank out. ons. We have a long way to go in that national circumstances surrounding Mr. NUNN. I think many times it was regard, but Les Aspin was on board events in places such as the former like we were the ‘‘little four’’ rather when that ship was launched, which is Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Haiti added than the big four. probably our most important national to the complexity of his task. Through- Mr. WARNER. That is correct. But security challenge—that is, non- out this period, he continued to work my friend from Georgia is a man of proliferation in the breakup of the So- diligently toward building a new foun- great patience. Chairman Aspin would viet empire. dation for our defense needs in the 21st always be late, almost invariably late, During this entire period, I developed century. And as Secretary of Defense, and he would come in with a great tremendous respect for the breadth of he laid a foundation for the defense swath of papers under his arm, down Les Aspin’s knowledge and his devotion drawdown that hopefully will avoid the the hall with two or three staff people, to the cause of national defense. Les mistakes of the past. At least he did and he would literally flop in the chair. was a brilliant analyst, but he was his part. He would consume the entire chair, and more than a scholar; he was an out- During his years of service as a Mem- the papers would be scattered all over standing legislator and a master at ber of the House Armed Services Com- the floor. And, finally, the Senator putting together coalitions in the mittee and as Secretary of Defense, Les from Georgia, who at that time was House of Representatives during a very continually fought for a strong, well- chairman of the Armed Services Com- tough period of time for national secu- equipped, and affordable national secu- mittee, would regain his composure rity. rity. He was always on the cutting edge and we would start to resolve the prob- I will always treasure the memories of national defense policy during both lems. But it was a marvelous chapter of working with Les on the House-Sen- the cold war and during the post-cold- in the relationship between the Senate ate conferences on the National De- war builddown. His creative approaches and House Armed Services Committee, fense Authorization Act that were en- to national strategy, acquisition poli- and Les Aspin was instrumental in see- acted during the period in which we cies, and defense budget matters have ing that we arrived at the proper deci- chaired our respective committees. The made a lasting and indelible contribu- sion which, almost without exception, challenge of crafting a conference tion to this Nation’s security. was in the best security interest of this agreement was always daunting in the After his service as Secretary of De- country. In those days, we had almost contentious atmosphere of the cold war fense, he continued to serve our Nation no politics that entered into the deci- and post-cold-war eras. Each year, hun- as chairman of the President’s Foreign sion—occasionally, a ship here or a dreds of language and funding dif- Intelligence Advisory Board, as chair- tank there, but other than that, it was ferences divided the two Houses—and man to the Commission on Intel- straightforward, tough decisions on be- we were continually faced with the ligence, and as a member of the Com- half of the country. threat of a veto over controversial mission on Roles and Missions of the I join my friend from Georgia in say- issues such as the ABM Treaty, abor- Armed Forces. It was in this capacity ing how much we will miss our friend. tion, and prerogatives of the executive that I last talked to him on the tele- I was with him just 2 weeks ago. I am branch. phone at length about some of the aspi- privileged to serve on the Intelligence Les and I talked on the telephone and rations he had for changing our intel- Commission, and Les Aspin was the met very frequently, not just during ligence community. Les never lost his chairman. We went down to one of the conference but also in the months be- ardor or his commitment to public Central Intelligence facilities to spend fore we passed either the House or Sen- service. a day. And I wish to add, Mr. President, ate bill. These meetings were quiet and Mr. President, the Nation has lost a that Zoe Baird is a member of that unpublicized, but they enabled us to devoted public servant who contributed commission, and she called me just shape bills in both the House and the much and who had so much more to yesterday and expressed her great ad- Senate which could be reconciled in contribute to our national security. miration. I would like to include that conference and also signed into law by I have lost a valued friend and a real in my comments for Chairman Aspin of a Republican President. colleague, a friendship that I will cher- the commission. That commission will Much as I appreciated and admired ish forever, and a man that I will miss carry on and do its work, but he laid Les Aspin’s policy and legislative very much. the foundation. I join my distinguished skills, what I enjoyed most about Les I thank the Chair. colleague in paying this brief tribute to was his sense of humor. Frequently, f our fallen friend. when a conference point reached its Mr. NUNN. I thank my friend from most critical point, we could count on TRIBUTE TO LES ASPIN Virginia. I remember those days very a story from Les to break the tension Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I would well, and I will always cherish the and produce a bipartisan compromise. like to associate myself with the com- memories. I have to say that while Les Nobody loved a joke more than Les ments of our distinguished colleague Aspin would consume that chair, my Aspin, and I can still see that big grin from Georgia. Before he departs the friend from Virginia was usually con- on his face laughing heartily in the floor, I thought we might put in one suming the sofa. middle of a conference right at a cru- additional chapter in reminiscing Mr. WARNER. That is quite true. cial moment, which gave us the kind of about our dearly beloved friend, Les Mr. NUNN. For health reasons, balance, the kind of sense of priorities Aspin. It was a period when the two though. to understand that it was our job to Armed Services Committees met, and I Mr. WARNER. In those days I had a reconcile our differences and to come was privileged at that time for some 6 bum leg. I think we should end this to conclusions in the interest of na- years to serve as ranking member, to- brief set of comments on behalf of the tional security. He never lost sight of gether with Senator NUNN as chairman, late Congressman Aspin with a smile the serious policy issues that con- and Les Aspin as chairman of the on our face, because that is the way he fronted us, but he never got personal in House. I remember when we would act would want it. I am glad that my dis- his fervent support for one position or as the ‘‘big four.’’ If the Senator from tinguished colleague from Georgia another. Georgia will remember that—— mentioned the Bottom-Up Review. Les Aspin served as Secretary of De- Mr. NUNN. Along with Congressman That was a document that was created fense during a particularly difficult Bill Dickinson. and is still used as a benchmark for time. I enjoyed working very closely Mr. WARNER. Yes, Congressman Bill many of our discussions here. He had with him and his staff during his ten- Dickinson. There would be absolute that foresight and courage.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 My knowledge and friendship with of our young children are growing up in they need to raise their children. the late departed Les Aspin began good conditions, but too many of them Frankly, Mr. President, I am sure they when I was Secretary of the Navy. He live in an environment that makes it feel on many days that the Govern- was off frequently as a severe critic of very, very difficult for them, very prob- ment is winning. the Department of Defense during that lematic, as to whether they can suc- This budget begins the process of re- period of time. ceed. storing the resources to the parents. It And I remember so well I have talked about this. I talked is only a beginning, but it is a nec- was then Secretary of Defense and had about the fact that this is the first gen- essary beginning. We ask parents today a great respect and friendship for Les, eration in our history whose life ex- to do a lot. but Les was a strong critic in those pectancy is no greater than their par- It is time for this Congress and this days. Now in hindsight, maybe some of ents because of deaths from auto acci- Government to stop hindering their ef- his criticism was well-taken. dents, deaths because of drugs, homi- forts and to start helping. I think we I yield the floor. cides. sometimes forget, Mr. President, the tremendous burden the taxes place on f A generation where young children are being born, one-third of all children the American family today and how BUDGET RESOLUTION SUPPORT being born today to parents who are many of the decisions of that family Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise not married; two-thirds of the children are made, forced to be made, because of today to offer my strong support for born in our inner cities are born to par- that burden. Decisions about whether the Senate budget resolution proposed ents who are not married. the mother, the father, both work; and brought forward by Chairman Probably, Mr. President, the most whether one spouse holds down two DOMENICI. disheartening fact of all, is probably jobs or three jobs. All these things are Let me first start by congratulating something that was encountered last impacted by the Federal tax burden. the chairman for the absolutely tre- year by the Presiding Officer as he The Government impacts these fami- mendous job he has done. I am sure traveled through the State of Missouri lies and puts a tremendous burden on that there is not a Member of this body campaigning, as I found traveling the these families. who would write the budget the iden- State of Ohio, and that is that people Mr. President, I have talked about tical way that the committee has writ- today do not believe their children will the fact that for some children it is not ten. I do not suppose the chairman have a better life than they had. They easy being a kid in America today. We would, either. I think he has done a do not believe the standard of living for have a lot of problems. Yet we continue great job. I want to congratulate him. their children will be even as good as to let the Federal Government deprive This is a historic moment. It is a mo- they had. That to me is the most dis- young parents of the resources they ment where we will really determine heartening fact of all. need. Mr. President, if we do not act now whether this Congress has the courage, What do we do? Government has a and pass this budget resolution, it will has the wisdom, to do what we all role. I introduced my crime bill last get a lot tougher to change things in know we have to do. week. I talked about the fact I was tar- the future. If we keep spending at this Let me also congratulate my friend geting money for more cities and for rate, by the year 2012, 17 years from from Ohio, JOHN KASICH, chairman of police officers to go in there, because today, there will be nothing—nothing— the Budget Committee in the House of too many of our young people live in left in the budget for discretionary Representatives. He has done a great an unsafe environment. spending on our domestic needs. Zero. job, as well. For both of them and for I will continue to talk about that in Every last cent in the Federal budget the Senate this is a historic moment. the months ahead. It is not just Gov- will go to entitlements and interest What I would like to talk about this ernment. We all have a responsibility. payments. Think of that: Every cent evening, Mr. President, is the issue of Communities have a responsibility. will go to entitlements and interest this budget and how this budget that There are things Government can do we will be voting on tomorrow, affects payments. and things that Government cannot do. Mr. President, those interest pay- young people, affects children. What I want to talk about specifi- ments did not go to our children. They The truth is that we simply have to cally tonight is one thing that some- do not go to the kids. I do not think it change the direction of this country. times we forget does impact on chil- is a surprise or a secret to also indicate We have to face reality. We have to dren. That is the huge spending, the to this body that, frankly, neither does face the fact that America has a funda- huge national debt, and the huge tax most of the entitlement spending, ei- mental choice between two different burden that we are placing on this gen- ther. futures: A future of responsibility and eration of parents and on the next gen- Mr. President, just a year before that fiscal sanity on the one hand; or a fu- eration of our children when they grow year 2012, our grandson, Albert, will ture of economic catastrophe. up. graduate from high school. In that Catastrophe is a pretty harsh word, We are dealing, Mr. President, with a year, our daughter, Anna, if things Mr. President, but I think it is accu- sad fact that the U.S. Congress makes work out, will be in her first year of rate. When we fail to balance the budg- the situation worse for our children by college. If we do not act today, Albert et for 26 consecutive years, when we throwing away so many of America’s and Anna’s generation will pay a se- add to the national debt until we are resources in an utterly irresponsible vere human cost. paying more in interest than we are manner. To pay for Congress’ reckless Between today and the year 2025, the paying for national defense, and when spending, the Federal Government has Federal debt per person will continue we have a debt that is nearly $5 tril- to take far too much money from the to rise year after year after year. lion—$5 trillion—and no end in sight, parents of these children. Today the debt on each person is ap- what we have is a catastrophe. A catas- When my parents were growing up in proximately $18,500. trophe in the making. No more, nor the 1930’s, their families had to work In the year 2025, it is going to be less. on an average until March 8 of every more than $60,000 for every single man, Mr. President, what we are really year to pay for Congress’ spending. By woman, and child in America. talking about is not dollars and cents. the time I was growing up, and my wife Look at the modest sacrifices this What we are talking about is our chil- Fran was growing up in the 1960’s, a budget resolution proposes, so that we dren and the quality of their lives. The typical family had to work until April can balance the budget. Then look at sad fact is, Mr. President, that today 16 to pay the taxes. Today, 1995, Amer- the incredible sacrifices that our chil- to many of our children, America is a ican families have to work until May 6 dren will have to make if we do not. very tough place to grow up in. to pay their taxes. That is money that In this budget, we slow the rate of in- I have previously come to the Senate is stolen from families, stolen from crease of fast-growing programs. floor and discussed the issue of our children. The alternative is a $60,000 debt bur- children. What I think is the biggest Sometimes it feels like America’s den for every person in America. crisis facing this country is what is parents are in a tug of war with the It is a clear choice, Mr. President. happening to our young people. Many Federal Government for the resources The longer we delay, the more it is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7235 going to hurt. I say, let our day of This is a moment of history. Each I repeat that—10 consecutive years. reckoning be now, before it really one of us in our daily lives, in our pub- And we are now faced with a budget hurts. lic lives, does things. We do things that resolution that would make it 11 con- Many of the Senators speaking here we think are important. Frankly, I do secutive years. on the Senate floor have focused on the not know there is anything we as indi- As we speak here tonight, our Armed pain that is contained in this budget viduals in our public life, or we collec- Forces are preparing, in a sense on resolution. But here are the facts. tively in the U.S. Senate, can do that standby, for the possibility of a mis- We are not going to touch Social Se- will do more to change the direction of sion quite different than that we envi- curity. this country to have a positive impact sioned during the days of the cold war, We are going to let Medicare funding on our children and their children, increase, by an average of 7 percent. but no less inherent the risk of the than to pass this budget. men and women in the Armed Forces Each year, over the next 7 years. Let us I yield the floor. look at children’s programs. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who may be called on to perform this Chapter 1. No cut. ator from Virginia. mission. And that is the mission to as- Head Start. No cut. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I wish sist the United Nations and NATO in Special education. Spending actually to compliment our distinguished col- withdrawal of the forces from that geo- increases. league. It was well delivered, the set of graphic area once known as Yugo- Women, Infants, and Children. Spend- comments. Indeed, I felt he explained slavia, namely the UNPROFOR forces. ing goes up. with great clarity precisely what it is, I happen to be of the opinion that School breakfast. Spending goes up. namely the objective on this side in those forces have performed a success- School lunches. Spending goes up. trying to proceed to reach a balanced Over the next 7 years, we propose ful mission. It is true that combat still budget. spending $815 billion on the following rages, tragic killings, particularly in I would like to address another as- Sarajevo still go on. But had it not major means-tested programs affecting pect of this budgetary problem. Today, child welfare: Food Stamps. Earned in- been for the presence of the under the leadership of the chairman of UNPROFOR ground forces—and I wish come tax credit. AFDC and child care. the Armed Services Committee and Supplemental security income. Child to include, Mr. President, the very val- Senator MCCAIN, we had a debate re- uable and essential contribution of the nutrition. garding the need for additional funding For many reasons, this is a child-ori- U.S. forces in the air, protective role, in this resolution for our national de- ented budget. and the sea role—which closed the This budget is designed to make fense. I participated in that, as did ports going into the Pelagruz. every single Republican on the Armed tough choices now, so that our children This past Friday, for an example, an Services Committee. I am pleased to will not have to face a lot tougher set article appeared in the Virginia Pilot. say the distinguished ranking member of choices tomorrow. That article was entitled ‘‘Naval Re- of the Armed Services Committee, the Contrary to a lot of the rehetoric, we serve Jets Activated for Duty in Bosnia are not taking a meat-ax to this budg- Senator from Georgia, Mr. NUNN, like- wise participated and indeed supported Combat.’’ That should really have read, et. What we have here is a scalpel. ‘‘activated for standby duty’’. But, nev- America’s fiscal policy today is on a the amendment. The amendment was also coauthored by the Senator from ertheless, they were activated. May I glide path toward total collapse. I read just a paragraph or two? think a better way of saying it is we Texas, [Mrs. HUTCHISON]. are on a glidepath to crash the plane. I would like to expand on some of the For the first time since the Vietnam War a Anyone who looks at this budget and points that we made during the course squadron of Naval Reserve warplanes is being activated and sent to the Mediterra- complains about deep cuts is on a colli- of the debate today. I commend par- ticularly the Senator from New Mex- nean to join military operations over Bosnia. sion course with reality. The deployment is part of the Pentagon’s If you think there are deep cuts in ico, Senator DOMENICI, for his coura- geous proposal to balance this budget plan to rely more on the select Reserves dur- this budget—wait till you see the cuts ing the military’s downsizing. that are going to be necessary, a few in 2002, but I regret that Senator short years from now, if we do not pass DOMENICI was not able to put in that That is a decade of downsizing that I this budget. budget for the Senate, a level of fund- addressed earlier. On the Senate floor, this budget reso- ing which more closely matched that This particular squadron is one I am lution has been called a lump of coal arrived at by the House of Representa- familiar with, given they are in my for America’s children. To call that ab- tives. State, and operate EA–6P’s, which have surd would be an understatement. Mr. President, I am concerned about a critical role in the suppression of The alternative to this sensible, the security of our Nation as is every what we call ground-to-air threats. child-oriented budget is the bank- Member of the U.S. Senate. We face a They are few and far between, these ruptcy budget that’s already scheduled world that has dramatically changed in aircraft in our inventory today. When a for the year 2012. That bankruptcy the period that I have been privileged special mission like this occurs, we budget will become a reality for our to serve here in the U.S. Senate. Dur- have to call on the Reserves and the children unless we act now. ing the period where we had the cold Guard. I certainly wish to commend To leave our children flat busted war with the Soviet Union, we were the role of the Reserves and the Guard able to make calculations with consid- broke, less than two decades from in many operations in that conflict. today, would be a cruel act of child erable precision as to the risk this Na- abuse. tion faced from communism led by the For example, I made two trips down Fortunately, the American people Soviet Union and its satellite Warsaw into Sarajevo, and each time the trans- gave us a clear mandate last Novem- Pact nations, and develop in the course portation was provided by C–130’s from ber. It was a mandate for change. When of time the exact weaponry that we be- Zagreb, Croatia, into Sarajevo and Air the debt is nearly $5 trillion, and bank- lieved was necessary to deter that risk. Guard units operated those aircraft. ruptcy is less than 20 years away, it is And, together with our allies in NATO, The crews were Air Guardsmen who time to change course; to choose the we did achieve the goal of maintaining had volunteered to come back on a pe- future over the past; to do something peace in the European Continent in riod of active duty, some 6 months, that will earn the gratitude of the next that period at the close of World War II some 12 months, and fly those dan- generation of Americans. until today. But with the demise of the gerous missions. Indeed, those missions Mr. President, the future of our chil- Soviet Union, the risk became more were dangerous. On my first trip in, re- dren depends on the choices we make difficult to calculate, and indeed, the grettably, the aircraft right behind in this budget. Speaking for the people range of weapons that this Nation us—and they were staggered about of Ohio, I think we are ready to do needs and the level of the Armed every 30 to 40 minutes to an hour. They what is right. Forces required to put in place the de- were staggered. The aircraft behind us Let us rescue our children’s future. terrent is far more complicated. was shot down with the loss of life. The first step is to pass this coura- We now have experienced 10 consecu- That is the type of risk that the Guard geous budget resolution. tive years of lowering defense numbers. and Reserve units have taken.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Whether or not you believe that we So, I think the point here is that we opportunity for the first time in more should put U.S. forces at risk to carry are here tonight talking about some of than 25 years to vote for a budget reso- out this ground mission, namely to the toughest decisions that we are ever lution which will very clearly and very help extract UNPROFOR, if the deci- going to make. We are trying to do the decisively put this country on a path sion is made—and as yet it has not responsible thing. to a balanced budget. Already, we have been made by the United Nations nor I appreciate the Senator from Vir- seen the positive impact of the very NATO—I am certain that the Members ginia and his leadership in the national fact that this debate has begun. We of the U.S. Senate will want to support defense area. I appreciate his coming have seen it in an increase once again the President, and provide that aid out tonight to talk about those prior- in the value of the dollar, a value that that is necessary to perform the ex- ities. collapsed on the occasion of the failure traction of those troops from the So, I thank the Senator. of the balanced budget amendment. We ground areas. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, if I have seen it in lower interest rates, I am also certain that every Senator could ask the Senator from Texas to lower interest rates that mean that in this Chamber would support funding yield just for a moment. more and more Americans now can to ensure that our forces are trained Mrs. HUTCHISON. I am happy to purchase the home of their dreams, can and equipped to facilitate that extrac- yield. borrow money to begin or to expand a tion. That is the type of thing we are Mr. WARNER. We are fortunate that small business, can begin those busi- talking about here. we have the services of the Senator nesses which will provide opportunities Last year we had to provide a supple- from Texas on the Armed Services for others. mental. There is no way the President Committee. She was one of the three This has taken place just because for nor the Secretary of Defense can an- sponsors of the amendment today to the first time the people of the United ticipate the contingency operations try to adjust this funding upward. As States believe that this new Congress, and the level of funding associated we talked, she did so because of the the House and the Senate, are serious with those operations. That is why we briefings we had before the Armed about terminating a state of affairs in must fully fund the basic budget of the Services Committee. Indeed, the Pre- which each year we add $200, $250, and Department of Defense and rely less siding Officer this evening is a member $300 billion to the burdens imposed and less on the supplemental type of of the Armed Services Committee, the upon our children and grandchildren funding. Senator from Pennsylvania. We have for spending for programs we are un- We learned in Operation Desert been briefed on the proliferation of willing to pay for. Storm that well-trained troops weapons of mass destruction, an ever- And yet, in spite of the lip service equipped with modern weapons and increasing threat, the proliferation of given by almost all Members to the ab- equipment suffer fewer casualties if short-range ballistic missiles. stract desirability of a balanced budg- they are properly trained, properly We have also been advised by General et, resistance will continue in a rear equipped, and properly supported Clapper, of the Defense Intelligence guard action, in close votes on the logistically. That is what we are talk- Agency, that there are no less than 60 floor of this body, from those who are ing about in seeking this added fund- geographic areas in the world today absolutely dedicated to the status quo, ing. who feel that while maybe it might be I regret that the Senate did not which he considers—repeat, which he a good idea someday to have a balanced adopt that amendment today, and considers—could erupt into the type of budget, not, O Lord, in our time, not somehow we will have to revisit this combat which might require the neces- with our votes. Or, if it is desirable to issue and do the very best we can to sity for the intervention of our allies, do it now, always in a different way make sure that the men and women of or, indeed, possibly the United States. than that proposed by what I con- the Armed Forces today are as So I thank the Senator from Texas fidently expect to be a majority of this equipped, trained, and otherwise sup- for joining this debate tonight, and particularly commend her for her lead- body tomorrow evening. plied as we have done historically Now, Mr. President, I do not think it throughout these many years since ership today on an amendment to try appropriate for us to disguise the fact World War II for our forces who volun- to restore some of the funding. that there will be programs reduced, teer, All Volunteer Forces. Mrs. HUTCHISON. I thank the Sen- Mr. President, I yield the floor. ator from Virginia. I am very pleased cut, the growth slowed in programs Mrs. HUTCHISON addressed the to have him in support. that provide desirable dollars for a Chair. I want to yield the floor to the Sen- wide range of interest groups in this The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ator from the State of Washington be- country, and they will let their views SANTORUM). The Senator from Texas. cause I know he has been very active in be heard. They are represented elo- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I the budget debate trying to save the quently by Members of this body who want to commend the Senator from Medicare system for the people of this can see the trees or perhaps the leaves Virginia. I agree with him whole- country. on the trees but not the forest itself, heartedly. I think when we are here on That is what we are doing. That is for whom a balanced budget, fiscal re- the floor debating some of the toughest what we have been doing this week and sponsibility, the exercise of a moral re- decisions that we are ever going to what we are going to be doing in the sponsibility to our children and grand- make in our lifetime, that these next few days. We are going to be doing children not further to subject them to things, like the defense budget that the things that are necessary to save debt is less important than a particular lost today on the floor, will be coming the Medicare system so that when our group or a particular program. back. We will be able to continue to de- future generations need this care, it And so this contest which began at bate the role of defense, and I think will be there because we have done the the beginning of this Congress and will when we finish this bill that we will see responsible thing this week in the Sen- reach one of its climactic votes tomor- a little shifting of the priorities to- ate. row is a contrast between those who wards stronger national defense for So I am happy to yield to the Sen- believe in, who speak for, who demand just the reasons that the Senator from ator from Washington. a different and more responsible direc- Virginia states, that we have things Mr. GORTON addressed the Chair. tion for this country and those who, coming up that were unforeseen that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- like the President of the United States, are not put in the budget, like the need ator from Washington. simply believe that the status quo is for American troops to help with the f perfectly all right. Their view is the U.N. evacuation of Bosnia, which seems single worst thing we could possibly do to be a possibility on the horizon. A MOST CONSEQUENTIAL VOTE would be to return a single dollar now But the point is that these things are Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, this being taken in the form of taxes from going to happen, and we are going to Senate is now less than 24 hours from any group in the American people to have to budget in a way that allows for one of the most consequential votes it the pockets of those American people those eventualities and those emer- has taken literally in decades. Some- even if that dollar came from a fiscal gencies. time late tomorrow, it will have the dividend resulting from a balanced

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7237 budget, came because we will pay less and, on the other hand, a passionate housing are provided. But the hope, the in interest on the national debt as in- defense of the status quo: Nothing is dignity, and the integrity of independ- terest rates decline, came because the wrong with this Government; all of the ence are forgotten. economy grew and more people were at programs it has ought to be continued; Consider, just briefly, what our cur- work at better jobs as a result of what we cannot do anything; we should go rent welfare system has wrought. The we do. on automatic pilot. numbers alone are enough to numb the It is ironic that the President’s chief That is a disappointing set of criti- senses. Since 1965, we have spent more economic adviser, , is cisms of our society today, Mr. Presi- than $5 trillion, a cost higher than that quoted as having said recently, dent. It is not what last fall’s election of waging the Second World War— Any effort to reduce Government spending was about. I hope that with the help of fighting poverty. Yet today, there are takes a dollar out of the economy which the majority of my colleagues that to- more people, a greater percentage of means a dollar in reduction in demand in the morrow a majority in this U.S. Senate Americans, living in poverty than ever economy so it increases the contractionary will put this country on a different before. And our safety net has not risks on the economy. path, a path that it has not trod for acted well, the safety net has become Mr. President, I think that states all many years, a path to a better Amer- more like quicksand. too well the views of this administra- ica. In 1965, when President Johnson tion and of those who oppose this budg- Mr. ASHCROFT addressed the Chair. launched the war on poverty, there et resolution. Their view is that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- were approximately 14.7 million chil- only real prosperity comes from dollars ator from Missouri. dren in poverty. They constituted spent by the Federal Government. In f about one in every five children in fact, that statement by Ms. Tyson is so America. But in 1993, there was a extraordinary that one would expect WAGING WAR AGAINST THE greater percentage of children in pov- her to suggest to us that we perhaps HUMAN SPIRIT erty than there were in 1965 when the spend another $100 billion during the Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, as we Great Society programs were launched. course of this year borrowed from who- continue to debate the budget resolu- It is pretty clear that the Great Soci- ever would lend it to us because obvi- tion setting the spending levels for the ety experiment has not been so great ously that is the road to prosperity. If next 5 years, we do so with the knowl- for America’s children. we cannot subtract $1 billion because it edge that one of our greatest chal- will have a contractionary effect, pre- lenges is moving the Nation’s needy Of all age groups in the nation today, sumably we add $1 billion or $10 billion from governmental dependence to eco- children are the most likely to be poor. or $100 billion so we can spend our way nomic independence. In 1991, a study of the poverty rates in into prosperity. But that is exactly One of our challenges is to ensure eight industrialized nations revealed what this administration has been that hope and opportunity are defining that American children were almost doing, and it does not work. characteristics for all Americans. This three times as likely to be poor as chil- Not only will this budget benefit the was the challenge 30 years ago when dren from the other nations studied. economy, not only will it mean more the great movement reshaping world The character of the poverty we face dollars in the pockets of individuals as politics was the end of colonialism. today is also a more deeply entrenched they look to purchase their homes or John Kennedy celebrated the ‘‘desire to poverty in which generations of people start or expand their businesses or look be independent,’’ as the ‘‘single most are born, live, and die without the ex- for new opportunities, it will also mean important force in the world.’’ Eventu- perience of holding a job, of owning a a discipline on the Government itself. ally this movement revealed its power home, or of growing up with a father’s Perhaps we will not end up having 163 from Asia to Africa to South America. love and discipline. different and competing job training The problem with imperialism was Go to our inner cities—or just a few programs. Perhaps we will not have not just its economic exploitation, it blocks from this building—and you will dozens or more of competing specific was its influence on culture. It under- meet a generation fed on welfare and kinds of educational programs or sub- mined traditional ways and institu- food stamps, but starved for nurture sidies for one business or group or an- tions, and it was inconsistent with and hope. You will meet young teens in other. Perhaps—and I am convinced human dignity. their third pregnancy. You will meet this will be the case—we will use this Why? Because imperialism rewarded children who are not only without a fa- budget to reform the Medicare health passivity and encouraged dependence, ther, but do not know any children insurance fund so that it will actually required citizens to live by the rules of with a father. You will talk with sixth be there in 7 years for the people who a distant elite. It demanded people be graders who do not know how many need that hospital insurance. Certainly docile in the face of a system that they inches there are in a foot—having this administration has ignored com- could not change. It was an attack, not never seen a ruler—and with first grad- pletely the voices of its own trustees of just on national sovereignty, but on ers who do not know their ABC’s be- the Medicare hospital insurance fund national character. cause no one ever took the time to who have told us and the administra- What our Washington-based welfare teach them. tion that something must be done or system has done, particularly to The political elites that have spent that insurance fund will go bankrupt. women and children, has been to fash- and taxed in recent decades have redis- But that is later; that is in the time of ion a new form of colonialism. It cre- tributed wealth beyond the dreams of another President, another Congress; ated an underclass that is paid to play Roosevelt and Johnson combined. But they can worry about it. by the rules that lead to dependence, in the Government’s war on poverty, That seems to be the status-quo view rather than act with independence and poverty is winning and the casualties which we are fighting so diligently to dignity. Our welfare system rewards are the poor, and the casualties are our change. behavior that keeps people powerless. children. The casualties also include So, Mr. President, it is well worth It thwarts the efforts of private and re- the future, because we have piled budg- our while, well worth the while of ligious charitable organizations to care et after budget high with debt. Hope those Senators who have chosen to be for the needy. It discourages the gen- and opportunity are missing in action. here this evening to take one last op- uine compassion of the American peo- Programs and policies that once were portunity to speak to their colleagues ple. Our welfare system has waged a judged by the height of their spending and to the country about the radical war against the human spirit. must now be judged by the depth of change in direction that we propose, a Our goal in welfare should not be to their failure. This is no longer a source direction of fiscal responsibility, a di- maintain an ‘‘underclass″ in as com- of serious debate, no longer a matter of rection of exercising our responsibil- fortable as possible circumstances. Yet partisan politics, but it is a matter of ities to future generations, a direction that is precisely what our welfare sys- national concern—it is a concern that which can lead us to prosperity, a di- tem has done. Cash benefits anes- has been reflected in our news maga- rection which can benefit every citizen thetize their suffering. Food stamps re- zines, on the covers of U.S. News and in this country. That, on the one hand, lieve their hunger. Health care and Newsweek, and Time.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 I have a belief that is confirmed by tributed to the States. The unique fea- discouraging that very basic American the record of our times, and it is this: ture of this proposal is that the money instinct to help one another. The ideas That the greatest, most insistent would go directly from the Department in the Act are not new. They are, in human need is not the need for subsist- of the Treasury to the States, and it fact, old ideas in America. They have ence, nor handouts, nor dependence—it would not be a part of any bureaucracy been tested and found successful. is the need for independence. Not the in Washington, D.C. that would con- About 100 years ago, cities like New kind of independence that suggests one sume much of the money before it ever York were littered with alcoholics and person can live without another. No, gets to the States. addicts. Orphaned children roamed the quite the opposite. Mr. President, Treasury’s oversight streets. And if all of New York City’s The independence of which I speak is role would be minimal because the liquor shops, houses of prostitution, the independence born of economic only qualifications on the block grants gambling houses, and other low-life es- self-sufficiency and opportunity. The would be: tablishments had been placed on a sin- independence to dream, to pursue and First, that States would be required gle street, they would have extended fulfill our deepest wishes and our per- to require welfare recipients to work. from Manhattan’s City Hall to the City sonal potential. How best to do that. The nature of the of White Plains more than 30 miles This is something, Mr. President, work. The level of the participation. away. On that street, there would have that social architects cannot build, All of those issues should be and would been a robbery every 165 yards and a they cannot plan. It is not structure, it be left to the States to determine; and murder every half mile. And in Brook- is spirit. It is something that our wel- Second, that States that decrease il- lyn, one out of every ten people got fare system has lacked for the last 30 legitimacy, using existing govern- food from public storehouses. years as we have sought to merely mental statistics as a measure, will be These pathologies met their match, spend our way into a new kind of op- able to use a portion of their block Mr. President, in society’s inter- portunity. But we have spent our way grant for elementary or secondary edu- mediary, nongovernmental, voluntary, past opportunity into peril. cation or any other purpose they de- private institutions of charity and as- I believe it is time again to create a sire. sistance. Their warm-hearted and hard- The CIVIC Act also provides explicit welfare system that helps, not hurts, headed approaches—and you can have a authority for States to contract with those it seeks to serve. And such a sys- warm heart and a hard head when it nongovernmental organizations, in- tem would be a major part in control- comes to making sure that we change cluding private and religious chari- ling the spending which has plagued such circumstances—helped save table organizations, and other institu- this Nation and now threatens future women and children and men. As the tions, in the effort to help solve the generations. A system that helps rath- historian Marvin Olasky notes, ‘‘The welfare problem. er than hurts. A system that serves is We have all heard the stories of small solutions these reforms came up with the standard by which welfare reform organizations that are hugely success- forestalled an epidemic of illegitimacy must be judged, not just the utopian ful in helping America’s poor. Unfortu- and saved thousands of children from ideal. nately, many of these programs have misery.’’ Today, I introduced the Communities been constrained from receiving Fed- I believe that as we confront our own Involved in Caring Act. We call it eral funds because all too often those social pathologies today, we must do it CIVIC. We do not expect this Act—a Federal funds would require radical the same way—with the ideas that package of 5 bills—to be the long- changes in their beliefs, their struc- have worked in the past and yet with awaited answer to all of our welfare ture, their facilities, their program, or new ideas for the 1990’s—even though problems by itself. But we do believe their organization—changes that would they may have been the standard fare that it is a significant step toward re- rob these programs of the very charac- of the 1890’s. We must meet our chal- storing opportunities of dignity teristics and attitudes that make them lenges with a greater role for States through independence and access to the successful. and a greater role for intermediary in- world of upward mobility. However, under the CIVIC Act, stitutions, nongovernmental organiza- The act is predicated on three funda- States would be able to utilize their tions, private charities—both larger mental beliefs: Federal block grant funds by either ones like the Salvation Army and First, that States need the maximum contracting with these organizations Goodwill, and smaller ones like Best flexibility possible to reform welfare directly or by giving welfare recipients Friends and the Sunshine Mission. systems. certificates so that they could choose So while the CIVIC Act begins the Second, that our intermediary orga- which programs to get involved in. process of moving welfare from Wash- nizations—especially private and reli- The final element of the CIVIC Act ington to the States, it also begins the gious charitable organizations—need to allows individuals who volunteer at vital task of reinvigorating our pri- be utilized in welfare reform. least 50 hours per year, or approxi- vate, nongovernmental organizations Third, that intermediary organiza- mately 1 hour a week, to charitable in- which can help meet the deepest needs tions need not only money, but they stitutions that serve the needy eligible of our citizens, organizations that we need volunteers; they need the personal for a $500 tax credit for monetary dona- know will help solve our welfare prob- participation of individuals to flourish. tions to such charitable organizations. lems. The CIVIC Act which I introduced Just as the welfare recipients should The change that we want to see will earlier today would block grant Wash- work for their benefits, so the citizens not occur overnight. Neither will it ington’s four main welfare entitlement who want enhanced tax benefits for come without hard work or thorough programs—AFDC, Food Stamps, Sup- their contributions should also work debate. The end of colonialism was not plemental Security Income, and Med- and volunteer in the organizations an easy process either. For independ- icaid—to the States. It starts by cap- they contribute to. ence means risk, the sacrifice of secu- ping the spending on AFDC, Food Mr. President, it is all about oppor- rity. Stamps, and SSI, and then Medicaid tunity; it is about working together. Well, security, coupled with depend- would be limited in growth to 105 per- When he traveled through America ency is a bad bargain. Economic mobil- cent each year—meaning of 105 percent more than 100 years ago, the great ity means work; it means hard work. of each previous year. Given the fact French observer, Alexis de Tocqueville, But no nation and no people who have that Medicaid has been growing at well was struck by how caring Americans ever tasted the sweet fruits of freedom over 10 percent a year, this would be were for each other. has ever called for a return to its colo- substantial restraint in the program’s The Americans . . . regard for themselves, nial dependency. growth, but not a cut in the program. constantly prompts them to assist one an- I believe that if we want to make The programs under the block grants other and inclines them willingly to sacrifice sure that we are free and we remain would also be extricated from their ex- a portion of their time and property for the free, we must reform the welfare sys- isting bureaucracies—at HHS, Agri- welfare of others. tem. It can be a part of a large reform culture, etc.—and turned over to the What the Act I introduced today in which we reform the financial integ- Department of the Treasury to be dis- seeks is to undo 30 years of Washington rity of America, for we cannot hold

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7239 hostage future generations to the more responsive and less expensive. The record is not good. Sure, we can spending of the present. Democrats, meanwhile, are standing up do it and we will do it. We have not As we seek to pass the budget in the for the status quo. They have offered done it for 25 years. We will raise the hours ahead in this Chamber, it will be no plan to balance the budget. debt limit to $5 trillion this summer. a pleasure to do so in a way that not Mr. President, this debate has been The administration budget has $250 bil- only puts us on a footing of sound fi- characterized by almost everyone who lion in deficits out as far as we can see. nancial integrity, but establishes us on has risen, has stood up and said, ‘‘I The size of Government is growing. So a path toward economic independence want to balance the budget but we can- for the first time we have an oppor- and opportunity for individuals not cut’’—blank—and fill in the blank. tunity to do something different. —through a reformed welfare system, Medicare, earned-income tax credit, de- Clearly, there are different philoso- characterized by block grants maxi- fense, education, whatever. phies about Government. There are dif- So we always say we want to balance mizing the States’ flexibility and inno- ferent philosophies about what the size the budget—but for a million reasons vation, and characterized by Govern- should be. That is fine. That is the way we cannot do it. I am confident that we ment joining hands with nongovern- it should be. That is what elections are mental agencies in order to bring to shall for the first time in 25 years bal- ance the budget—tomorrow. Starting for, so people can make a decision be- the battle the energies and talents of tween two choices. this great Nation’s private citizens. on the path to balance the budget. There are those in this body and Thank you, Mr. President. It is awfully hard. These are large other bodies and in this country who Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I figures, talking about $5 trillion. Who say the Government should be larger, want to thank the Senator from Mis- knows what $5 trillion is. I read some- the Government should do more. In souri. He was a former Governor, so he thing the other day that sort of person- fact, the Government does a better job is one of the experts that we are going alizes this. I thought it was inter- of spending dollars than families do to have in this body when we deal with esting. Someone asked, how do we identify and businesses do. That is, I suppose, a the very, very tough issue of choices as the Federal budget with something legitimate view. It is not my view. we reform the welfare system. that is closer to a personal budget? I think it is really appropriate that So we do have differences and there This is what the answer was, and I he has taken a leadership role in this. are differences. The Republicans would thought it was interesting: Suppose Once again, what we are showing to- like to have a smaller Government you have an income of $125,000 coming night is the tough decisions that must that costs less, that is more lean, and not from work but from contributions be made to balance the budget, which efficient. of all your friends and relatives who the people of America asked us to do. Democrats, on the other hand, have work. You are not satisfied with what So I appreciate the Senator waiting for moved toward more Government and $125,000 can buy this year, so you pre- so long and giving that great talk more spending. Republicans want to pare for yourself a budget of $146,000 about the bill he introduced today and transform Government, something that and charge the $20,300 difference to is more efficient, to deliver services the choices that we are going to face your credit card on which you already more efficiently. Welfare is an excel- today and tomorrow. carry an unpaid balance of $452,248, Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, I boosting that to $472,548 on which you lent example. Nobody wants to elimi- thank the Senator from Texas for her pay interest daily. Multiply that by 10 nate welfare. We want to be able to kind words. million and that is what our Govern- help people who need help, but to help Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I ment did in fiscal year 1994. them back into the work sector. We would like to yield to the Senator from This is clearly the most important want a Government that is more re- Wyoming. element of debate for this year. Not sponsive, that is more customer ori- Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I am just because of the dollars, as impor- ented. One that is less expensive. glad to join my colleagues this evening tant as they may be, but because we The administration, on the other in continuing this discussion. By noon have an opportunity to examine and to hand, and our friends on the other side tomorrow, we will have had 50 hours of change and to look at the role of Gov- of the aisle, support the status quo. talking about the budget. I guess after ernment, look at those things that There is no plan to balance the budget. 50 hours, your eyes kind of glaze over. should logically and legitimately be The President, as was suggested yes- But the fact is that there is nothing done by the Federal Government, do terday, is AWOL, absent without lead- more important that we will talk something about those that should be ership, on finding a way to balance the about during this Congress. It becomes done in private sector. To take a look budget. No options on how to save difficult to find something new to say at the size of Government. Clearly, vot- Medicare despite the fact that the about the issue after 50 hours. But ers said last year, Government is too trustees have said in no uncertainty maybe that is not important. Maybe large and costs too much. that if we do not do something, in 2 the important thing is to stress those So we have a chance to do that. We years we will be dealing with the re- things that are necessary, those things have a chance to make major changes, serves, and 7 years Medicare will be that are important, those choices that the first really major changes in 25 broke. No welfare reform proposal. we do have. years. To do that, and I believe very We have an opportunity to do some- It has been 10 days since the Repub- strongly and we have done some of thing. The administration’s track licans presented a balanced budget this, we have to make some procedural record, of course, over the past several plan, which America has been waiting changes. We cannot simply continue to for. In that time, the deficit has in- do what we have been doing and expect years has been to raise taxes and ex- creased another $4.9 billion. It added to get different results. We have to do pand the Federal Government. The 1993 $19 for every American. things like line-item veto, which we budget, the largest tax increase in his- The Republicans are working to end worked on. Have to do something about tory, nearly $260 billion. We hear it was Government’s relentless borrowing. unfunded mandates. I think we should just on the highest percent—not so. The Republican plan would balance the do something about term limits. I Gas tax—my State has probably the budget by the year 2002 by slowing the think we should have had a balanced largest per capita gas tax increase of growth in the Federal spending from 5 budget amendment to the Constitution all because of the miles we travel. percent to 3 percent. and we will go back to do that. Mr. President, we do have a chance It protects Social Security, saves We did not accomplish that. We to do something. If spending remains Medicare from bankruptcy, maintains failed by one vote in this Chamber. at the same level for the Government a Social Security safety net, reduces Now we have the opportunity to do programs in order to balance the budg- the size of the Federal Government, what many opponents of the balanced et by the year 2002, we would have to and moves power out of Washington budget amendment said, and that is we raise taxes by $935 billion, $7,400 for and back closer to the people. do not need an amendment, we just every American taxpayer. That is the Republicans want to transform Gov- belly up to the bar and do it. That is choice. We either level off growing or ernment to make it more efficient and what we have an opportunity to do. we raise taxes.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 We have a vision of keeping our another group. Now, all of a sudden in had an effect. It shows that we have promises to make Government smaller, the Washington Post, the President opened up a big weakness in the other to reject the status quo, balance the says that he wants to balance the budg- side’s flank, namely its very own credi- budget by the year 2002, protect Social et—albeit in 10 years. bility. Because you cannot talk the Security, save and improve Medicare, I think even members of the Presi- talk until you walk the walk. Everyone and return power to the communities dent’s own party and members of the knows that. Everyone outside of Wash- and to our families and the States. President’s party in both chambers of ington. Mr. President, I am pleased we are the Congress had earlier disagreed Now, obviously the President knows moving in this direction. I feel con- openly with the White House on this it as well. The time to show relevance fident there will be a positive vote to- point. There was disagreement on what and to show leadership on the part of morrow, to make these kinds of to do. Do you know what? The Mem- the President was last February. That changes. I thank my colleagues for bers of the Democratic Party up here is when the President proposed. The continuing to point out the choices on the hill, they look to the President Congress is now disposing. The process that we have before the Senate. I urge for leadership. has passed the President by. The ship my colleagues to support this budget The message they got was to stay the of state has left the dock. plan. I yield the floor. course. The President said just keep to It is as if the President is trying to Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I it, stay the course. That is, offer noth- rush ahead to the next port to catch up would thank the freshman from Wyo- ing in rebuttal to the Republican at- with the ship. The problem is the ship ming, the freshman Senator, for adding tempt to balance the budget. No vision is not scheduled to stop there. And it to this debate. He has really been there from the White House; no alternative will not. through all these days, talking about from the White House. Mrs. HUTCHISON assumed the Chair. the important issues that we are facing And, do you know what? The Mem- Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, I and the tough decisions that we are bers up here on the Hill were very obe- think it is clear that the leadership, going to have to make. I appreciate the dient, listening to their President. So the vision, and the direction for this fact that he has just hit the ground they refrained from offering their own ship of state are coming from this side, running in the U.S. Senate, and I am balanced budget alternative, or any the Republican side of the aisle. It all pleased he stayed tonight along with other comprehensive alternative to the happens to be reflected in the budget his wife, to make the remarks that he Republican efforts to balance the budg- debate of the last 4 days, the amend- did. We appreciate it very much. et. ments offered by the other side, the ab- Now I would be happy to yield to the So, the members of the Democratic sence of a comprehensive balanced Senator from Iowa for 10 minutes. Party stood idly by during this budget budget alternative from the other side. f debate and risked their credibility be- And I think it will be demonstrated by cause they wanted to follow their lead- the overwhelming vote for a balanced THE PRESIDENTS ‘‘SECRET’’ er, our President of the United States. budget tomorrow. BUDGET PLAN Now, with this new development that Now, the President of the United Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I the President is for a balanced budget, States, on the other hand, missed the thank the kind Senator from Texas for albeit in 10 years, they, the members of boat. His party is still standing on the yielding. the Democratic Party in the Congress dock. He stranded them there. He I want to commend the Senator for of the United States in both Houses of asked them to wait there until he her leadership in shepherding the serv- the Congress, also are undercut by could catch up with the ship out at sea, ices tonight, of making sure that the their President just like members of but it is too late. We Republicans have other point of view, the responsible fi- the White House staff have been. Just a vision and we have a plan to steer nancial point of view, is expressed here like he undercut the recent arguments this country to the safe waters. tonight, when elsewhere in this town of everybody on his staff that was try- I ask, where is theirs? Where is their we know there is a very antipeople pro- ing to defend his position of just stay comprehensive alternative plan to bal- big Government point of view being ex- the course. Do not offer an alternative. ance the budget? Where is their coher- pressed at a fundraising party for the Second, this also says that the Re- ent vision? Where is theirs? Democratic Party. publican vision of a balanced budget is It is lacking. I yield the floor. There was a story this morning on right after all, and it is filling a very The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the front page of the Washington Post. enormous political void. The American ator from Pennsylvania. I think it has a lot of Members on this people know where we stand and they f side of the aisle, and probably people do not know where the other side across the country, just simply stands. The American people know THE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET scratching their heads. The report says what the Republican Party stands for. Mr. SANTORUM. Madam President, I that President Clinton now has a se- They do not know what the Demo- want to pick up where the Senator cret budget counter-proposal. Do you cratic Party stands for. They do not from Iowa left off. I think he made know what? It will balance the budget know because for several months, until some very good points with respect to within 10 years. this very day, they were told a bal- where the President’s budget is. I noted Mr. President, if this is true—and I anced budget did not matter. They also the same Washington Post article suppose I ought to hope it is true be- were told that we should not have an today. It suggests ‘‘President to cause I have been praying for a bal- alternative, as Democrats, to what the Counter Hill Budgets. Plan Would End anced budget from this White House for Republicans were trying to do. Deficits in 10 Years.’’ a long time—it is truly an amazing Also, there is a third aspect to this. This was not released by the White story. First of all, it undercuts all the Because, in filling that void and be- House. This was released from a pri- wailing we have been hearing from the cause the President is now coming vate interview up in New Hampshire White House about the effect on the around to accepting the premise of the that was leaked out somewhere, that economy and the public of setting an Republican vision for the future, this the President is coming up with this arbitrary date for a balanced budget. new development is a powerful dem- secret plan to balance the budget in 10 That is making fun of us Republicans onstration of the President’s lack of years. for trying to balance the budget by the leadership. Because, you know what? It struck me. It tickled my memory, year 2002. The lack of leadership demonstrates that I heard this about this 10-year It seems that all we have heard for followership. It leaves a perception of a plan before. It was from my first year the last month out of the White House desperate move to be included. The in the Congress. I remember, as a mem- is, ‘‘What is magic about a certain date President of the United States wants ber of the Budget Committee, I was a to balance the budget?’’ If you balance to be relevant, finally, in the debate for freshman member of the Budget Com- the budget you would ruin the econ- a balanced budget. mittee and then chairman of the Budg- omy. If you balance the budget you It shows that our Republican call for et Committee, , now over would do this to that group, or that to the other side to put up or be silent has at the White House, came up with a 10-

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7241 year balanced budget. They worked on resurrected because under the demo- According to that test, the President’s it most of the fist year that I was there cratic rule in the House of Representa- budget is a failure. The failure to offer the and I think released it in about Octo- tives this balanced budget that the budget by the President also makes clear how tough it is to develop a budget that bal- ber of the year. It was after the debate. Budget Committee chairman put to- ances the priorities, that recognizes that we This was for the next fiscal year. gether never saw the light of day, have to provide new directions for this coun- It was interesting. I do not know never was voted on, never was debated try and that tries to achieve a majority vote whether the budget the President is in committee, never moved past the on the floor of the House. considering is going to look like the draft stage. How things can come back to haunt budget the Congressman—then Chair- Maybe we will get it past the draft you. We had a chairman of the Budget man of the Budget Committee—Pa- stage this time. Maybe the former Committee who was pleading for the netta offered. But at the time, to get to chairman of the Budget Committee President of the United States to pro- a balanced budget—this was in October will be able to resurrect this handi- vide leadership, to stand firm, and of 1991, I refer to the Congressional work that he did some 4 years ago and move our country forward in a bold, Quarterly article—at the time Chair- bring it on the scene as the new budget new way. Now that person sits as the man Panetta said that it would take for the President. right hand man of the White House, $1.3 billion in cuts or tax increases to I will tell you that it would be a long and from all the press reports is advis- get to a balanced budget in 10 years. time coming, not just the 6 days, but to ing the President to do just the oppo- What we are doing here in the Senate provide some leadership out of the site. I guess it all depends on where today with Senator DOMENICI’s budget, White House on this very important you sit. the Republican budget, is roughly a issue to this country. I must read one more thing that trillion dollars, not quite a trillion dol- I remember during the Republican Leon Panetta said during his time in lars in spending reductions to get to a administrations the then-chairman of Congress because my staff gave it to balanced budget. Then we have obvi- the Budget Committee, Chairman Leon me. I actually thought it was some- ously interest savings which get us the Panetta, coming to the floor time after thing that I had just said the other day rest. time after time making statements because I was talking about the fact I had the Budget Committee staff run about how it was the responsibility of that my father is an immigrant to this the numbers. If the President is pro- the President to be relevant to the sit- country and how important it was for posing to get to a balanced budget over uation, to not put up these budgets us to leave the next generation better 10 years, not 7 years, he will not be able that were dead, that had no chance, but off than the generation that we now to do so by cutting the trillion dollars to be bold and to move forward. live in. I quote from March 13, 1986. This is over 10 years. That is the fallacy. You Back on May 4, 1989, CONGRESSIONAL Leon Panetta speaking: cannot just cut $1 trillion over 10 RECORD, Leon Panetta said: years, and balance the budget because We begin a game of ‘‘budget chicken’’ in We have presented over the last 8 years a which we wait for the other side to make the pleasant message that somehow everyone you have to get on sort of a longer tough choices that have to be made to try to curve. Your spending cuts do not occur can have a free lunch in this country. That get our budget in line. It is a lousy way to do is not the case. That is not the message that early enough. You build up more debt. business; we all understand that. It is what my parents heard when they came to this It is a lot more costly to balance it gave birth to the Gramm-Rudman approach, country as immigrants with little education, over a longer period of time. The Budg- and it is what creates the frustration that we little money, but a great deal of hope. They et Committee told us that it would re- now deal with here. came for the opportunity that this country The hope is that the President would exer- offered and the willingness to make a sac- quire $1.6 trillion in spending cuts or cise leadership in presenting a budget to the rifice for their children so their children tax increases to balance the budget in Congress that is realistic and that is serious. could enjoy a better life. We now face a situ- 10 years, $1.6 trillion. But instead of pulling together, he pulls ation where our children may not enjoy a The $1.3 trillion in the Panetta pro- apart. Instead of providing leadership, he better standard of living than we had. That, plays games. The danger is that we too fall posal of 1991 included deeper cuts in de- I think, is the worst testament in terms of into the same trap. This budget is wrong; we fense, entitlement spending reduc- the future that we face in this Nation. know it is wrong, and it will fail for several tions—I remind people entitlements He is right. That is the biggest ques- are things like Medicare, Medicaid, reasons. Just as the President’s budget came tion that faces us. What are we going welfare spending, things that are now do leave to the next generation? He being lambasted by the other side of to the floor of the Senate. It was wrong, and it failed completely, and was right in 1989. He was right in 1986. the aisle—a broad cut back in the size He was right in 1990, and hopefully he and cost of government, and $250 bil- did not get one vote. I say that the former Congressman will convince the President to be right lion to $400 billion in new taxes; $400 in 1995 to join the debate, to lead, to be billion in new taxes. from California, Leon Panetta, made a good point about that back on May 1, relevant, to show this country, to show Is this a harbinger of things to come? this Congress what direction he be- Have we fished out of the files from the 1990, talking about a Bush budget. He said: lieves we should take to balance this old Budget Committee in 1991 the 10- budget. year budget proposal for the Clinton The fact is that the test of a budget is not what it says it does nor even its author. It is I hope this is the last day; I hope that administration to balance the budget whether or not you get a majority of votes day 6 was lucky, that this little inkling with a third of the money coming from on the floor of the House and in the Con- that we got about this secret budget new taxes? But this is just all specula- gress. That is the ultimate test of the suc- might come out somewhere, that there tion because we have not seen the cess or failure of any budget. is a plan, and that we will be able to President’s budget. The fact is that the test of a budget know this plan. I do not want to be up So I have the unpleasant task of re- is not what it says or does or even its here for the next 129 days between now turning to the floor to add to the list of author. It is whether or not you get a and the end of the fiscal year talking numbers on my chart of days with no majority of votes on the floor of the about why the President has not come proposal to balance the budget from House and in the Congress. That is the to the party and express his vision for President Clinton. Since I had objec- ultimate test of the success or failure the future of this country. tions from the other side of the aisle of any budget. I am confident tomorrow we will pass about using staff to actually put my That speaks volumes about the Presi- the balanced budget resolution. I hope numbers up, I will do the chore myself, dent’s budget that he sent up here; it is bipartisan because I know there and put ‘‘day 6,’’ potentially a signifi- speaks volumes about how serious the are many on the other side of the aisle cant date. President was when he presented his who also would like to see this budget We might have learned about the se- budget to the U.S. Congress and in the brought to balance. cret budget, the existence of this docu- U.S. Senate of which there are 54 Re- I wish to commend the Senator from ment. We may have learned just from publicans and 46 Democrats. He got no New Mexico for his fine work on this some of the detective work I have done votes. budget. I wish to commend the Pre- that there may be a plan out there that Then chairman Panetta went on to siding Officer for the tremendous job existed a few years ago that may be say: she

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 has done every day of this debate in work. And why do we have increased means that workers can provide the rallying the forces to come here to the productivity from balancing the budg- same level of output in fewer hours floor to talk about the positive aspects et? Why does increased productivity re- leaving more time for family, more and how meaningful it is to get to a sult from spending no more than we time for leisure. In traveling the State balanced budget for this country and take in each year? of Tennessee, I know that Americans not just the next generation. A lot of Because, very simply, the Govern- feel they are working hard to get the talk is just for the next generation. ment, we, will borrow less, and that ahead, and today they are not making When we talk about Medicare, it is not leaves more for investment by the pri- progress. The median income is declin- the next generation. It is this genera- vate sector, by individuals, by indi- ing today. It is tough on families. It is tion of Medicare recipients. When we vidual businesses, and greater invest- tough on moms and dads who struggle talk about economic growth, it is this ment by those businesses and individ- to keep the house clean, food on the generation that is going to benefit uals results in better technology and table, and the family running, and it is from lower interest rates and higher better working conditions. It is this in- tough for those individuals. As we bal- growth rates. vestment that allows our workers to ance this budget and make this pro- This balanced budget is for everyone. produce more in the same amount of posal, they worry: Will times be better? As the Senator from New Mexico said time. And so what does this concept of The message that we must get out is in answering the question Senator increased productivity which clearly yes, with a balanced budget, there is LAUTENBERG posed: Whose side are you stems from a balanced budget mean to increased productivity, increased time on? We are on America’s side. We are the individual family, to you, to me, to to be with one’s family. our children, to our grandchildren? on the side of all Americans. That is The Republican budget, when you the beauty of a balanced budget. It is From this first chart, the first thing that increased productivity means is break it down, will actually ease that good for everyone. It is not about class burden through increasing the effi- warfare. It is not about picking win- greater income for the American fam- ily. If we accomplish more while we are ciencies of our businesses and our ners and losers. It is about giving ev- workers. eryone opportunity. at work, increased productivity, we will make more money to buy homes, Let me turn to the third chart, Mr. I yield the floor. President. Probably the most tangible Mr. FRIST addressed the Chair. to send our children to school, to buy benefit that we will see from balancing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- clothes for our children, to provide for our budget is lower interest rates. The ator from Tennessee is recognized. our own retirement. Congressional Budget Office has told us (Mr. SANTORUM assumed the chair) According to the Commerce Depart- ment, median family income fell last that interest rates will be lower by al- f year under President Clinton’s watch most 2 percent if we balance the budg- INCREASING AMERICAN by 1.9 percent. In contrast, over the et. Other economists, such as the inde- PRODUCTIVITY next 10 years, by balancing the budget, pendent forecasting group from DRI Mr. FRIST. I rise to commend my the General Accounting Office says McGraw-Hill, predict lower interest distinguished colleague from Pennsyl- that earnings would be increased by ap- rates of up to 2.5 percent, lower than vania, the Presiding Officer, and espe- proximately an extra 2.9 percent. That they would be with a budget which is cially the chairman of the Budget would mean an extra $1,200 per year for not balanced. That translates very di- Committee, Senator DOMENICI, for the each American family by passing to- rectly into lower costs for typical pur- outstanding work that has been shown morrow this balanced budget proposal. chases by the American family. Under a status quo budget right now, over the last several days as we have The examples are depicted. It means income of the average family in 2025 presented a budget that will be bal- when lower interest rates take effect, without a balanced budget, for exam- anced by the year 2002. that on the $75,000 30-year mortgage to ple, under the President’s proposal I would like to turn to answer a sim- this family, there will be a savings of would be $35,900. Under the Republican ple question, and that is who will ben- $1,246 if we have a balanced budget. proposal, that same income of the aver- efit from the balanced budget plan pro- age family in 2025 but with a balanced Or that same family will save $1,000 posed by the Republican majority this budget would be $48,200, a difference of over the life of a loan on a $15,000 car week. The answer? The American fam- over $12,000 by having a balanced budg- if we pass this balanced budget pro- ily. et. posal. The debate over the past week has Yes, increased incomes for the Amer- And that same family will save $36 been fascinating. We have heard a lot ican family mean greater economic se- per year on an average balance of $1,800 of rhetoric, especially from the other curity for us, for this current genera- on a credit card if we pass this bal- side of the aisle, about how cutting tion, and for that next generation. anced budget proposal. spending will hurt our children, affect With $12,000 more a year, our families And that same family can save $1,128 our seniors, and hurt the middle class. will be able to save more for their own over the life of a loan on a small busi- My colleagues on the other side of the retirement rather than having to rely ness or on farm equipment or on this aisle would have us believe that the en- on the Government today, as so many typical tractor. tire Government is going to shut down people do today. They will be able to Mr. President, these are the kinds of and that disaster is imminent with our pay for their own health care, and they budget. savings that are very real that will af- will be able to pay for education for fect every household in this country if But what they will not tell you is their children. The investment of this that the Republican budget will have we are successful in passing the bal- kind of extra money for the American anced budget plan tomorrow. There is tangible positive benefits for whom? family can only mean great things for The American family. Benefits that the absolutely no question that the Repub- our economy and for our people. lican budget, yes, will be tough. It will American family will see in their Let me turn to the second chart. Are be tough, and everybody is going to checkbook, in their family budgets, there other benefits of increased pro- have to sacrifice for it to take effect. and in their overall standard of living. ductivity which will result from the But there is no question that this Re- According to economists, one of the balanced budget? Mr. President, if we publican budget does provide real, tan- most significant benefits of a balanced are accomplishing more during work gible benefits for all Americans and all budget is increased productivity. What hours, we will actually have to work American families. does that mean? Let us talk a little bit less to accomplish the same amount. about what productivity means to that This means more time at home, more Increased incomes, less work time, individual family, that typical family time with our families, more time with lower interest rates—all will con- in America. Increased productivity, a our children, our grandchildren to play tribute to a much higher quality of life product of this balanced budget, means baseball, to go to a guitar recital, to for the American family. that Americans will produce more in read a book. I urge all of my colleagues on both the same amount of hours. There will Indeed, a typical family workday is sides of the aisle to consider these posi- be more produced for a given amount of 81⁄2 hours. Increased productivity tive beneficial effects to the family as

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00106 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7243 we vote on this historic—very his- bate? He gave a budget to the Congress. powers and everything is not reserved toric—budget package tomorrow. We voted on it. It was the first vote we to the Federal Government. It is going I yield the floor. took in this budget debate. It was a to be left to the States and to the peo- Mrs. HUTCHISON addressed the budget which would increase the Fed- ple. That is the 10th amendment to the Chair. eral deficit from $203 billion in 1994 to Constitution, and we are going to res- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- $276 billion in the year 2000. In fact, the urrect it and we are going to start with ator from Texas. Clinton budget, submitted to this Con- the budget that we are going to adopt f gress, called for another $1.2 trillion in tomorrow. We are going to give the power back to the people and back to PROMISES KEPT deficit spending over the next 5 years. That is the budget he has presented the governments that are closest to the Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I until yesterday. And yesterday the people, and that is where we are going want to thank the Senator from Ten- President said, ‘‘I’m going to give you to stop the spending binges from the nessee, a new Member of the Senate, a balanced budget.’’ We are 4 days into Federal Government—and, oh, by the for helping us with this debate, for the budget debate and the President way, the strings that go with the helping us point out the important de- says, ‘‘I’m going to give you a balanced spending binges. That is as costly as cisions that we are making today and budget.’’ Where was he in the first year anything we do. The strings we attach tomorrow. of his term? Where was he in the sec- to the State government when we send It has really been wonderful to see ond year of his term? And where was he them the money, we are going to take the freshmen Senators, the new Sen- when we started the hearings in the the strings away; we are going to send ators, like the Senator from Tennessee Budget Committee when Senator them block grants. They have the abil- and like the Senator in the chair, to- DOMENICI was trying for a consensus, ity to make the decisions for what is night adding to the debate and adding trying to bring everyone into the proc- best for the people in their States. to the energy and vitality of the ess, where was the President then? They are the closest to the people, and changes that we are making for Amer- Where is the alternative now? There is they should be determining what their ica, the changes that the people asked no alternative except the one on the priorities are. We do not need to tell for in 1994 so forcefully by giving a table that the Budget Committee has them what to do in Washington, DC. mandate to Congress to do the right put forward which will balance the So tomorrow is the beginning of a thing, to keep the promises that were budget of this country by the year 2002. new day in America. It is the beginning made. It is the budget that is going to pro- of the time that we are going to take The American people have seen time tect Medicare for our future genera- the ship of state and we are going to after time after time politicians mak- tions. It is the budget resolution that start the turn in the right direction. ing great speeches, beautiful speeches says to our children, we are not going We are going to provide a future for at conventions and big events and ral- to turn our backs on you. our children and grandchildren. We are lies and they see them make the prom- Finally, we have drawn the line in going to keep our promises. We are ises and they see the promises broken the sand, and we are going to do what going to fulfill the mandate that the almost the day after the election. Now, is right for this country. This is, in- people gave to us. for the first time in years, the Amer- deed, a moment in history. Tomorrow, The President has talked a good ican people are going to see the prom- we are going to make history in Amer- game. He is a great speaker. He has ises being kept. ica. The other body is going to do what made a lot of promises. But what has I think you are seeing such clear dif- the House of Representatives did last he done? He has given us a budget that ferences between the leadership that week, and we are going to keep our does not balance. He has passed the the President has shown versus the promise to the American people. largest tax increase in the history of leadership that the Members of Con- Do all of us like everything in the America. He has financed our debt with gress are showing now finally. budget? Absolutely not. There is prob- short-term borrowing. And we are The President’s theme has been bal- ably not one Member of the Senate going to have to pay the price down the ance the budget on the backs of the that says this is a perfect budget. Not road for that mistake. And he has woe- Medicare recipients and the welfare re- even Senator DOMENICI likes every- fully underestimated the need for a cipients and education. That is the thing in this budget that he worked so strong national defense. We are going theme that we see recurring on the hard to bring out of that committee to start turning this country in the floor of the Senate day after day after with the strong vote that he did. In right direction. We started in January, day after day—the class warfare: ‘‘Oh, fact, today I voted to change the budg- and we are going to take a major step yes, they are balancing the budget, but et, to give more to national defense be- tomorrow to do the right thing for the they are doing it at the expense of the cause I am so worried that we are people of this country. people in our society who are receiving shortchanging our national defense in We are working very hard, Mr. Presi- Medicare and welfare.’’ this country, and I wanted to try to dent, to do what we believe is the right That is all we have heard. Where is change the priorities. thing to do for our children, for our their plan? Where is their suggestion? Other people have been offering senior citizens, for the people that are As the Senator from Pennsylvania said amendments to add to education. Oth- truly needy, and for the people who are earlier tonight, their Chief of Staff has ers have offered amendments to add to out there working for a living to be said, ‘‘It’s a big game of chicken. If you Medicare funding. Others have offered able to keep the taxes that they earn put your budget out there and we’re amendments for all different things for themselves and not give it to the going to slash it to ribbons. If we put that they think should be a priority. Government to determine the prior- our budget out there, you are going to But, Mr. President, this is a good, ities for their families. And we are slash ours to ribbons.’’ So who goes solid, balanced budget. going to work for that small business first? It is a balanced budget in the sense entrepreneur to be able to make it and Mr. President, the Republicans are that, of course, it is going to take away to live the American dream and to going first. We are putting something deficits after 7 years. But it is a bal- grow and to prosper and create the jobs on the table that makes sense. We are anced budget in that it has taken into that will give others the opportunity taking the bold step and we are pro- consideration what the Federal Gov- to live the American dream of doing tecting Medicare for the future, and we ernment should be doing. And it is cut better for their families than they have are going to have a welfare system that from some of the areas where the Fed- been able to have as they immigrated tries to bring people up, not hold them eral Government has gotten too in- into our country, or as they were the down for generation after generation, volved and in fact has encroached on first member of their family to get a and to give the taxpayers of our coun- our State governments and our local college education. That is who we are try the opportunity to see that it does governments. It has cut back in those working for, Mr. President, and that is not pay not to work if you can. areas. what this balanced budget is going to So, Mr. President, where is the Presi- We are going back to the concept of ensure will continue to be the Amer- dent of the United States in this de- a Federal Government that has specific ican dream. That is why we are here

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00107 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 tonight at 10:30 p.m. eastern time, to tive Calendar. Those identified with a INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND talk about the importance of doing the double asterisk (**) are to lie on the JOINT RESOLUTIONS responsible thing. The easy thing? No. Secretary’s desk for the information of The following bills and joint resolu- The tough decisions, the right deci- any Senator since these names have al- tions were introduced, read the first sions, and the responsible decisions ready appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL and second time by unanimous con- that we were elected to come to Wash- RECORD of April 24, May 2, and May 11, sent, and referred as indicated: ington to make. 1995, and ask unanimous consent, to By Mr. MCCAIN: Mr. President, we are on the eve of a save the expense of reprinting on the S. 841. A bill to increase the special assess- very historic time, and I am proud that Executive Calendar, that these nomi- ment for felonies and improve the enforce- I believe we are going to do the right nations lie at the Secretary’s desk for ment of sentences imposing criminal fines, thing tomorrow. The Senate is going to the information of Senators. and for other purposes; to the Committee on put aside all of the differences that we * In the Air Force there are 42 appoint- the Judiciary. might have and priorities and pass a ments to the grade of brigadier general (list By Mr. ASHCROFT (for himself, Mr. balanced budget that will start our 7- begins with Patrick O. Adams) (Reference COVERDELL, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. DEWINE, year march to the time when we will No. 216) Mr. SMITH, Mr. INHOFE, and Mr. * In the Air Force there are 24 appoint- KEMPTHORNE): begin to start paying down that long- ments to the grade of major general (list be- S. 842. A bill to replace the aid to families term debt. gins with Kurt B. Anderson) (Reference No. with dependent children with a block grant Mr. President, I thank you. I am soon 217) to the States, and for other purposes; to the going to move to close. Does the Sen- * Major General Ronald V. Hite, USA to be Committee on Finance. ator from Iowa have anything further? lieutenant general (Reference No. 253) S. 843. A bill to amend the Food Stamp Act Mr. GRASSLEY. No. * Vice Admiral David M. Bennett, USN to of 1977 to convert the food stamp program be placed on the retired list in the grade of into a block grant program, and for other f vice admiral (Reference No. 267) purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture, MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT * Rear Admiral Harold M. Koenig, USN to Nutrition, and Forestry. S. 844. A bill to replace the medicaid pro- Messages from the President of the be Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Sur- gery and Surgeon General and to be vice ad- gram with a block grant to the States, and United States were communicated to miral (Reference No. 283) for other purposes; to the Committee on Fi- the Senate by Mr. Thomas, one of his * Lieutenant General Charles E. Dominy, nance. secretaries. USA to be placed on the retired list in the S. 845. A bill to replace the supplemental f grade of lieutenant general (Reference No. security income program for the disabled 287) and blind with a block grant to the States, EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED * Lieutenant General Joseph W. Ralston, and for other purposes; to the Committee on As in executive session the Presiding USAF to be general (Reference No. 313) Finance. Officer laid before the Senate messages * Major General Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF S. 846. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- from the President of the United to be lieutenant general (Reference No. 314) enue Code of 1986 to allow for charitable con- * Rear Admiral James R. Fitzgerald, USN tributions to certain private charities pro- States submitting sundry nominations to be vice admiral (Reference No. 318) viding assistance to the poor thereby im- which were referred to the Committee * Brigadier General Sam C. Turk, USAR to proving Federal welfare efforts through in- on Armed Forces. be major general (Reference No. 338) creased activity, and for other purposes; to (The nominations received today are ** In the Marine Corps there are 300 pro- the Committee on Finance. printed at the end of the Senate pro- motions to the grade of lieutenant colonel By Mr. GREGG (for himself, Mr. REID, ceedings.) (list begins with William E. Acker) (Ref- Mr. COATS, Mr. BRADLEY, Mr. KYL, erence No. 345) Mr. COHEN, and Mr. LAUTENBERG): f * Lieutenant General Malcolm B. Arm- S. 847. A bill to terminate the agricultural REPORT RELATIVE TO EMIGRA- strong, USAF to be placed on the retired list price support and production adjustment TION LAWS AND POLICIES OF in the grade of lieutenant general (Reference programs for sugar, and for other purposes; THE REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA— No. 356) to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI- * Major General Charles T. Robertson, Jr., and Forestry. USAF to be lieutenant general (Reference f DENT—PM 51 No. 357) The Presiding Officer laid before the * Lieutenant General Edwin E. Tenoso, STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED Senate the following message from the USAF for reappointment to the grade of lieu- BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS tenant general (Reference No. 358) President of the United States, to- By Mr. MCCAIN: ** In the Air Force Reserve there are 2 ap- gether with an accompanying report; S. 841. A bill to increase the special which was referred to the Committee pointments to the grade of lieutenant colo- nel (list begins with David R. Andrews) (Ref- assessment for felonies and improve on Finance. erence No. 359) the enforcement of sentences imposing To the Congress of the United States: ** In the Marine Corps there are 472 ap- criminal fines, and for other purposes; I hereby transmit a report con- pointments to the grade of lieutenant colo- to the Committee on the Judiciary. cerning emigration laws and policies of nel and below (list begins with James C. THE CRIME VICTIMS ASSISTANCE IMPROVEMENT Addington) (Reference No. 360) ACT the Republic of Romania as required by * Lieutenant General Ronald H. Griffith, ∑ Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, today I subsections 402(b) and 409(b) of Title IV USA to be Vice Chief of Staff of the Army of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended and to be general (Reference No. 366) am introducing legislation to assist (‘‘the Act’’). I have determined that * General John H. Tilelli, Jr., USA for re- those who are often ignored in our on- Romania is in full compliance with the appointment to the grade of general (Ref- going struggle against crime: the vic- criteria in subsections 402(a) and 409(a) erence No. 367) tims: The Crime Victims Assistance of the Act. As required by Title IV, I * Major General George A. Fisher, Jr., USA Improvement Act increases and im- will provide the Congress with periodic to be lieutenant general (Reference No. 368) proves collection of crime fines which * Colonel James R. Helmly, USAR to be reports regarding Romania’s compli- are deposited into the crime victims brigadier general (Reference No. 371) fund. This fund provides desperately ance with these emigration standards. * In the Army Reserve there are 11 pro- WILLIAM J. CLINTON. motions to the grade of major general and needed help to crime victims across THE WHITE HOUSE, May 19, 1995. below (list begins with John T. Crowe) (Ref- this country. f erence No. 380) I am pleased that this legislation has * Colonel Fletcher M. Lamkin, Jr., USA to been supported by the National Organi- EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF be Dean of the Academic Board, United zation for Victim Assistance, the COMMITTEE States Military Academy, and to be briga- American Legislative Exchange Coun- Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, for dier general (Reference No. 381) cil, Crimestrike, and the Arizona De- the Committee on Armed Services, I * Rear Admiral Brent M. Bennitt, USN to partment of Public Safety. be vice admiral (Reference No. 382) report favorably the attached listing of ** In the Army there are 1,152 promotions First, this bill doubles the manda- nominations. to the grade of lieutenant colonel (list begins tory special assessment charged to Those identified with a single aster- with Scott L. Abbott) (Reference No. 383) every convicted Federal felon. The cur- isk (*) are to be placed on the Execu- Total: 2,020. rent special assessment is $50 for each

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00108 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7245 individual felon, and $200 for an organi- Let me relate the story of a 2-year- S. 843. A bill to amend the Food zation. The money from these special old-boy from Iowa. After his father was Stamp Act of 1977 to convert the food assessments goes directly into the brutally, murdered, this boy’s mother stamp program into a block grant pro- crime victims fund. So doubling the as- had no means of support and was gram, and for other purposes; to the sessments will double the amount of placed on AFDC rolls, which qualified Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, money going into the crime victims the family for Medicaid. The State vic- and Forestry. fund. tims compensation program also pro- S. 844. A bill to replace the Medicaid This means that more rape and as- vided this young victim and his mother program with a block grant to the sault victims will get counseling, more $2000 for loss of support. This one-time States, and for other purposes; to the battered women and children will get compensation payment was considered Committee on Finance. shelter, more families of murder vic- as income, however, so the Government S. 845. A bill to replace the supple- tims will get money to defray funeral was forced to cut off this child’s Med- expenses. It means more help for more mental security income program for icaid benefits for nearly a year. This is the disabled and blind with a block crime victims in every State of this not right and it must be changed. Nation. grant to the States, and for other pur- Mr. President, crime continues to poses; to the Committee on Finance. Second, this legislation increases, to plague our Nation. Figures from the S. 846. A bill to amend the Internal 20 years, the statute of limitations for U.S. Justice Department show that one Revenue Code of 1986 to allow for chari- the collection of these special assess- violent crime is committed in this table contributions to certain private ments. Currently, the Government country every 16 seconds. Yet the charities providing assistance to the loses the right to collect this money unmet need for victim assistance and poor thereby improving Federal wel- from convicted felons after 5 years, compensation is enormous. The num- fare efforts through increased activity, which means vital resources are lost in ber of victims’ compensation claims and for other purposes; to the Com- the effort to assist crime victims. has increased by 10 to 20 percent each mittee on Finance. Criminal debtors should not be allowed year for the past 5 years, but many of to get away with defying a court order those claims are being turned down be- WELFARE REFORM LEGISLATION to pay. Increasing the statute of limi- cause of a lack of funding. Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, as we tations significantly increases the In my home State of Arizona, we are continue to debate the budget resolu- amount of time that the government receiving fewer dollars from the crime tion, setting spending levels for the has to track down deadbeat criminals victims fund at a time when serious next 5 years, we do so with the knowl- and make them meet their obligation. crime is increasing. In 1993–94, 16 Ari- This legislation also requires an en- edge that one of our greatest chal- zona agencies that applied for crime forceable payment schedule for special lenges is moving our Nation’s needy victim assistance grants received no assessments, orders of restitution and from governmental dependence to eco- funding at all. The funding requests additional fines charged to convicted nomic independence. One of our chal- Federal criminals. Current law only al- that were rejected included victim wit- lenges is to ensure that hope and op- lows the judge the option of setting up ness programs, domestic violence agen- portunity are defining characteristics a payment schedule. A mandatory cies, as well as child abuse and sexual of all Americans. schedule for payment of the money assault programs. This was the challenge 30 years ago, owed will enhance collections and im- The victims compensation system is when the great movement reshaping prove debt management. Ultimately, it also overburdened. Families with lim- world politics was the end of colo- means more dollars in the crime vic- ited financial resources must face the nialism. John Kennedy celebrated the tims fund. initial trauma of the crime coupled ‘‘desire to be independent,’’ as the ‘‘sin- Fourth, this legislation prohibits de- with the additional concerns of med- gle most important force in the world.’’ linquent criminal debtors from receiv- ical expenses, funeral bills and other Eventually this movement revealed its ing Federal benefits, such as grants, crime-related losses. We need more re- power from Asia to Africa to South contracts, loans, professional and com- sources to help these victims, espe- America. mercial licenses and other Federal as- cially those in financial distress, and The problem with imperialism was sistance programs. If convicted crimi- the Crime Victims Assistance Improve- not just its economic exploitation. it nals are not meeting their financial ob- ment Act will help tremendously in was its influence on culture. It under- ligation to crime victims, then they this endeavor. mined traditional ways and institu- certainly should not be allowed to ben- Doubling the amount of special as- tions. It was inconsistent with human efit from Federal assistance programs. sessments, increasing the statute of dignity. Fifth, the bill addresses a particu- limitations on collections, setting up specific payment schedules, and keep- Why? Because imperialism rewarded larly absurd loophole in current law passivity and encouraged dependence. which allows delinquent criminal debt- ing delinquent criminal debtors from benefiting from the crime victims fund It required citizens to live by the rules ors to collect money from the Crime of a distant elite. It demanded people Victims Fund if they themselves be- are effective methods for channeling be docile in the face of a system that come victims of crime. It is ironic, and money from the criminals who com- they could not change. It was an at- yet tragic, when a convicted criminal mitted the crimes to the victims who tack, not just on national sovereignty, debtor in turn becomes a victim of are living with the aftermath. We must but on national character. What our crime; but it is unfair that such an in- let criminals know that fine payment Washington-based welfare system has dividual, who is delinquent in pay- is not an option, it is an obligation done, particularly to women and chil- ments to the crime victims fund, and that they must and will meet. dren, has been to fashion a new form of has not made a good faith effort to Mr. President, this legislation en- colonialism. It created an underclass meet his or her obligation, is allowed hances collections of criminal debt and that is paid to play by rules that lead to receive assistance from the program. improved administration of the crime The intent of this legislation, how- victims fund to keep pace with the to dependence. It rewards behavior ever, is not to deny needy people from growing needs of crime victims, and I that keeps them powerless. It thwarts assistance if they are making a good urge timely consideration and passage the efforts of private and religious faith effort to meet their financial and of this measure. ∑ charitable organizations to care for the legal obligations. Payment schedules needy. It discourages the genuine com- certainly could be amended by a court By Mr. ASHCROFT (for himself, passion of the American people. It has to address exigent circumstances. Mr. COVERDELL, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. waged war against the human spirit. Finally, this legislation establishes DEWINE, Mr. SMITH, Mr. INHOFE, Our goal in welfare should not be to that crime victim compensation pay- and Mr. KEMPTHORNE): maintain the underclass as com- ments shall not be counted as income S. 842. A bill to replace the aid to fortably as possible as wards of the for purposes of eligibility for unrelated families with dependent children pro- state. Yet that is precisely what has federally-funded general assistance gram to the States, and for other pur- been done. Cash benefits anesthetize programs. poses; to the Committee on Finance. their suffering. Food stamps relieve

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00109 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 their hunger. Health care and housing greatest, most insistent human need is quired to make welfare recipients are provided. But the hope, dignity, not subsistence, not hand-outs, not de- work. How best to do that. The nature and integrity of independence are for- pendence, but independence. Not the of the work. The level of participation. gotten. kind of independence that suggests All of those issues would be left to the Consider, just briefly, what our cur- people do not need one another or that States to determine. Second, States rent welfare system has wrought. The suggests that every man is an island. which decrease illegitimacy, using ex- numbers alone are enough to numb the Quite the opposite, the independence of isting governmental statistics, will be senses. Since 1965, we’ve spend more which I speak is the independence born able to use a portion of their block than $5 trillion—a cost higher than of economic self-sufficiency and oppor- grant for elementary and secondary that of waging the second world war— tunity. The independence to dream, education or any other function they fighting poverty. Yet today, there are pursue, and fulfill our deepest wishes desire. more people living in poverty than ever and our personal potential. This is INVOLVEMENT OF INTERMEDIARY INSTITUTIONS before, and our safety net has become something that the social architects The CIVIC Act also provides explicit more like quicksand. cannot plan or build. It is not struc- authority for States to contract with In 1965, when President Johnson ture, it is spirit. It is something that intermediary organizations—including launched the War on Poverty, there our welfare system has lacked for at private and religious charitable organi- were approximately 14.7 million chil- least the past 30 years. It is a reality zations—to help solve the welfare prob- dren in poverty. They constituted that we continue to ignore only at our lem. about one of every five children in peril. America. In 1993, there were 14.6 mil- We stand at a time of unique oppor- We have all heard the stories of small lion children in poverty. They con- tunity. There is a mainstream move- organizations that are hugely success- stitute a little more than one in every ment of values sweeping this land. It is ful in helping America’s poor. Unfortu- five American children. Of all age a movement reflected on the covers of nately, many of those programs have groups, children are the most likely to popular magazines like Newsweek and been constrained from receiving Fed- be poor. In 1991, a study of the poverty US News who lament the absence of eral funds because all too often those rates in eight industrialized nations re- shame and the lack of fathers. Federal funds would require radical vealed that American children were al- I believe it is time again to create a changes in the program—changes that most three times as likely to be poor welfare system that helps, not hurts would rob the programs of the very as children from the other nations those it seeks to serve. That is the characteristics that make them suc- studied. standard against which reform must be cessful. The character of the poverty we face judged—not some utopian ideal, but Under the CIVIC Act, States would today is a deeper, more entrenched the cold, hard realities of our present be able to utilize their Federal bloc- poverty in which generations of people welfare system. grant funds by either contracting with are born, live, and die without the ex- Today I will introduce the Commu- these organizations directly or by giv- perience of holding a job, owning a nities Involved in Caring [CIVIC] Act. ing welfare recipients certificates so home, or growing up with a father’s We have neither the aspiration nor the that they can choose which programs love and discipline. expectation that it alone is the long- to get involved in. Go into our inner cities—go just awaited answer to our welfare prob- TAX CREDIT ELIGIBILITY FOR VOLUNTEERING AT blocks from here—and you will meet a lems. But we do believe that it is a sig- generation fed on welfare and food CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS nificant step toward restoring the op- stamps but starved of nurture and The final part of the CIVIC Act portunities of dignity through inde- hope. You will meet young teens in makes those people who volunteer at pendence and the access to the world of their third pregnancy. You will meet least 50 hours per year, or approxi- upward mobility. children who are not only without a fa- This act is predicated on three funda- mately 1 hour per week, to institutions ther, but do not know anyone who has mental beliefs. First, that States need that serve the needy, eligible for a $500 a father. You will talk with sixth-grad- to be given maximum flexibility in re- tax credit for monetary donations to ers who do not know how many inches forming their welfare systems. Second, such charitable organizations. Just as are in a foot, having never seen a ruler, that our intermediary organizations— welfare recipients should work for and with first-graders who do not know especially private and religious chari- their benefits, so our citizenry should their ABC’s or numbers because no one table organizations—need to be utilized work for charitable organizations in ever took the time to teach them. in welfare reform. Third, that inter- order to receive a tax credit. It is all Thirty years ago, Robert Kennedy re- about responsibility. It is all about op- flected on welfare and said this: mediary organizations need not only money, but volunteers, to flourish. portunity. Opponents of welfare have always said that BLOCK GRANTS When he travelled through America welfare is degrading, both to the giver and more than 100 years ago, the great the recipient. They have said that it de- The CIVIC Act block-grants Washing- stroys self-respect, that it lowers incentive, ton’s four main welfare entitlement French observer Alexis de Tocqueville that it is contrary to American ideals. Most programs—AFDC, Food Stamps, Sup- was struck by how caring Americans of us deprecated and disregarded these criti- plemental Security Income, and Med- were for each other. ‘‘The Americans, cisms. People were in need; obviously, we icaid—to the States. It does this first . . . regard for themselves,’’ he wrote, felt, to help people in trouble was the right ‘‘constantly prompts them to assist thing to do. But in our urge to help, we also by capping the spending on AFDC, food stamps, and SSI at either an average of one another and inclines them will- disregarded elementary fact. For the criti- ingly to sacrifice a portion of their cisms of welfare do have a center of truth, fiscal year 1992–94 levels, or at fiscal and they are confirmed by the evidence. year 1994 levels, whichever is higher. time and property to the welfare of [others].’’ What this act seeks to undo Robert Kennedy’s warnings were not This cap would then apply for the next heeded. 5 years. For Medicaid, which is cur- is 30 years of Washington discouraging The political elites that followed him rently growing at rates exceeding 10 that very basic American instinct to have spent, and taxed, and redistrib- percent per year, spending would be help one another. uted wealth beyond the dreams of Roo- capped at a rolling 5-percent increase These ideas are not new ideas. They sevelt and Johnson combined. But in for the next 5 years. are, in fact, ideas that have been tried, the Government’s war on poverty, pov- These programs would then be extri- tested, and found successful. About a erty is winning and the casualties are cated from their existing bureau- hundred years ago in cities like New the poor. Hope and opportunity are cracies—HHS, Agriculture, et cetera— York, alcoholics and addicts littered missing in action. Programs and poli- and given to the Department of Treas- the sidewalks. Orphaned children cies that once were judged by the ury to distribute to the States. roamed the streets. And if all New height of their aspirations must now be Treasury’s oversight role would be York City’s liquor shops, houses of judged by the depth of their failure. minimal because the only qualifica- prostitution, gambling houses, and I have a belief that is confirmed by tions on the block grants would be the other low-life establishments would the record of our times. It is this: The following. First, States would be re- have been placed on a single street,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00110 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7247 they would have extended from Man- ket forces, the USDA wields the heavy like the sugar program has come to an hattan’s city hall to the city of White hand of government intervention. end. I hope the Senate will move quick- Plains more than 30 miles away. On Why should Congress repeal the ly to pass this legislation and send a that street, there would have been a sugar program? That is a good ques- message to the relatively few that ben- robbery every 165 yards and a murder tion, and I will give you but a few ex- efit from this program that the Amer- amples: every half mile. And in Brooklyn, 1 out ican consumer deserves a better deal. It has been estimated by the General of every 10 people got food from public Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I am storehouses. Accounting Office [GAO] that the pro- pleased to rise today to join Senator These pathologies met their match gram costs consumers and sweetener GREGG and Senator REID to introduce through society’s intermediary, non- users an average of $1.4 billion annu- legislation to eliminate the sugar pro- governmental, organizations. Their ally. The producers who sell the most gram. The Federal Government has warm-hearted and hard-headed ap- sugar reap the biggest benefit. Right been meddling in the sugar market for proaches helped save women and chil- now, the world sugar price is half that over 200 years, and I believe the time dren and men. As the historian Marvin of the United States. has come to end what has become a Olasky notes, ‘‘The solutions these re- The sugar program stifles competi- wasteful practice. forms came up with forestalled an epi- tion. In 1991, the GAO estimated that 42 The supporters of the sugar program argue that the system operates at no demic of illegitimacy and saved thou- percent of the program’s benefits went cost to the Federal Government, and sands of children from misery.’’ to only 1 percent of the growers. The 33 therefore there is no need to eliminate I believe that as we confront our own largest sugar plantations receive over this harmless program. Technically social pathologies, we must, we must $1 million each year. speaking this assertion is true; the do it the same way—with new ideas for The U.S. has generally supported free Federal Government does not send the 1990’s that were the standard fare and fair trade. How can we justify arti- checks to sugar growers. But the fed- of the 1890’s. We must meet our chal- ficially inflating the price of a domes- eral government does artificially raise lenges with a greater role for States tic commodity just to enrich and pro- the price of sugar by limiting imports, and, as a result, American consumers tect a particular industry? This legisla- and a greater role for intermediary or- pay an additional $1.4 billion each year ganizations—both larger ones like the tion would not impact existing rules on for sweetened products, according to Salvation Army and the Goodwill and tariffs and quotas. Therefore, there the Government Accounting Office. So smaller ones like Best Friends and the would be no dumping of foreign sugar while Americans may not pay for this Sunshine Mission. into the U.S. market. program through higher taxes, they do So while the CIVIC Act begins the Like most Americans, I strongly sup- pay for it every time they buy a soda, process of moving welfare from Wash- port reducing the Federal budget def- or a candy bar, or anything else which ington to the States, it also begins the icit. Due to import tariffs and a 1.1 contains sugar or other sweeteners. vital task of reinvigorating our inter- cents-per-pound tax on producers, the The supporters of the sugar program sugar program operates a no-net-cost argue that this program is vital to the mediary organizations—organizations livelihoods of family farms. Unfortu- which can help meet people’s deepest to the Federal budget. While this is nately this program, like many other needs, organizations that we know will true, the program costs the American agricultural subsidies, was designed to help solve our welfare problems. taxpayers $1.4 billion. The sugar pro- help family farms, but actually tends The change that we want to see will gram is a regressive tax, which imposes to support big businesses. Seventeen of not occur overnight. Neither will it a much greater burden on those who the over 1,700 sugarcane farms received come without hard work and thorough spend a great deal on consumption. roughly 58 percent of the benefits of debate. The end of colonialism was not Under the present system, the benefit this program in 1991. One family in an easy process either. For independ- of reducing the Federal budget deficit florida receives an estimated $65 mil- lion a year as a result of the artifi- ence means risk, the sacrifice of secu- is far outweighed by the high cost to cially high prices. Mr. President, this rity. Economic mobility means work, the American consumer. certainly does not fall within my defi- hard work. But no nation and no people One of the greatest environmental nition of a ‘‘family’’ farm. who have ever tasted the sweet fruits crises facing the State of Florida is the Finally, the supporters of the sugar of freedom has called for the return of degradation of the Everglades. The Ev- program argue that the elimination of its colonial rulers. erglades is a national treasure, which this program will kill the domestic is threatened by phosphate and pes- sugar industry. While there will likely By Mr. GREGG (for himself, Mr. ticide runoff. The sugar program’s con- be some changes to the industry if this REID, Mr. COATS, Mr. BRADLEY, tinued high price supports have for program is eliminated, I take issue Mr. KYL, Mr. COHEN and Mr. with the argument that there is no life years stimulated overproduction in the after subsidies. During World War II, a LAUTENBERG): Everglades agricultural area. In effect, price support system was established S. 847. A bill to terminate the agri- the Federal Government has encour- for potatoes. Several years later Con- cultural price support and production aged the destruction of the Everglades gress abolished the program. But the adjustment programs for sugar, and for through heavy-handed government potato industry remains vibrant in the other purposes; to the Committee on intervention and misguided attempts United States to this day. From Maine Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. to regulate the economy. to California, farmers continue to grow AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORT LEGISLATION The repeal of the sugar program potatoes without the benefit of a sub- sidy they once enjoyed. Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I rise would have a minimal, if any, impact Mr. President, the time has come to today with Senators REID, BRADLEY, on jobs in the sugar industry. The end the sugar program. Simply stated, COATS, COHEN, LAUTENBERG, and KYL to American sugar industry, the pro-sugar its benefits go primarily to a select announce the introduction of legisla- lobby, has estimated a job loss of few, while its costs are borne by every tion to repeal the sugar program. This 420,000. This is factually and statis- consumer in America. Because food ac- legislation will eliminate the U.S. De- tically untrue. The Census Bureau and counts for a higher share of the house- partment of Agriculture’s [USDA] price the USDA have estimated that the hold budget of low-income families, support, subsidized loans, producer as- sugar industry only accounts for 46,000 these higher costs are especially re- sessments, and marketing allotments jobs. In fact, even with the program, gressive. For the sake of these fami- lies, I hope the Senate will pass this for sugar. sugar industry jobs fell by 18 percent important legislation. The sugar program is big government between 1982 and 1992. It is believed by at its worst. At a time when the Amer- many economists that any job losses in f ican people are demanding that the the sugar industry would be offset by ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS Federal Government assume a more gains realized in the sweetener indus- S. 230 limited role in society, this program try. At the request of Mr. DOLE, the name goes in the opposite direction. Instead Mr. President, the time for wasteful of the Senator from Massachusetts of leaving the sugar industry to mar- and inefficient commodity programs [Mr. KERRY] was added as a cosponsor

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00111 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 of S. 230, a bill to prohibit United etnamese officials are being fully coop- TITLE I—LEVELS AND AMOUNTS States assistance to countries that pro- erative and forthcoming with efforts to Sec. 2. Recommended levels and amounts. hibit or restrict the transport or deliv- account for the 2,205 Americans still Sec. 3. Debt increase. Sec. 4. Social Security. ery of United States humanitarian as- missing and otherwise unaccounted for Sec. 5. Major functional categories. sistance. from the Vietnam War, as determined Sec. 6. Reconciliation. S. 256 on the basis of all information avail- TITLE II—BUDGETARY RESTRAINTS AND At the request of Mr. DOLE, the name able to the United States Government, RULEMAKING of the Senator from Montana [Mr. and for other purposes. Sec. 201. Discretionary spending limits. BURNS] was added as a cosponsor of S. f Sec. 202. Extension of pay-as-you-go point of order. 256, a bill to amend title 10, United AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED States Code, to establish procedures for Sec. 203. Tax reserve fund in the Senate. Sec. 204. Scoring of emergency legislation. determining the status of certain miss- Sec. 205. Budget surplus allowance. ing members of the Armed Forces and THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET Sec. 206. Sale of Government assets. certain civilians, and for other pur- CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Sec. 207. Credit reform and guaranteed stu- poses. dent loans. Sec. 208. Extension of Budget Act 60-vote en- S. 456 BRADLEY (AND OTHERS) forcement through 2002. At the request of Mr. BRADLEY, the AMENDMENT NO. 1122 Sec. 209. Repeal of IRS allowance. name of the Senator from Florida [Mr. Sec. 210. Exercise of rulemaking powers. GRAHAM] was added as a cosponsor of S. Mr. BRADLEY (for himself, Mr. TITLE III—SENSE OF THE CONGRESS 456, a bill to improve and strengthen BREAUX, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. MOSELEY- AND THE SENATE the child support collection system, BRAUN, Mr. GLENN, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. Sec. 301. Restructuring Government and and for other purposes. KENNEDY, and Mr. LIEBERMAN) proposed program terminations. Sec. 302. Sense of the Senate regarding re- S. 630 an amendment to the concurrent reso- turning programs to the States. At the request of Mr. D’AMATO, the lution (S. Con. Res. 13) setting forth the congressional budget for the U.S. Sec. 303. Commercialization of Federal ac- name of the Senator from North Caro- tivities. lina [Mr. HELMS] was added as a co- Government for the fiscal years 1996, Sec. 304. Nonpartisan Advisory Commission sponsor of S. 630, a bill to impose com- 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002; as on the CPI. prehensive economic sanctions against follows: Sec. 305. Sense of the Congress on a uniform Iran. On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and accounting system in the Fed- insert the following: ‘‘budget, the appro- eral Government. S. 647 priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and TITLE I—LEVELS AND AMOUNTS At the request of Mr. LOTT, the name levels shall be revised to reflect SEC. 2. RECOMMENDED LEVELS AND AMOUNTS. of the Senator from Texas [Mrs. $16,900,000,000 in budget authority and out- The following budgetary levels are appro- HUTCHISON] was added as a cosponsor of lays of the additional deficit reduction priate for the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, S. 647, a bill to amend section 6 of the achieved as calculated under subsection (c) 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002: Forest and Rangeland Renewable Re- for legislation that restores the full current (1) FEDERAL REVENUES.—(A) For purposes sources Planning Act of 1974 to require law earned income tax credit under section of the enforcement of this resolution— phasing-in of certain amendments of or 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (i) The recommended levels of Federal rev- ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- enues are as follows: revisions to land and resource manage- GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation ment plans, and for other purposes. Fiscal year 1996: $1,051,700,000,000. pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon Fiscal year 1997: $1,063,800,000,000. S. 770 the submission of a conference report on Fiscal year 1998: $1,112,800,000,000. At the request of Mr. DOLE, the such legislation (if a conference report is Fiscal year 1999: $1,165,700,000,000. names of the Senator from Illinois [Ms. submitted), the Chair of the Committee on Fiscal year 2000: $1,220,500,000,000. the Budget of the Senate may submit to the MOSELEY-BRAUN], and the Senator from Fiscal year 2001: $1,285,700,000,000. Senate appropriately revised allocations Fiscal year 2002: $1,353,900,000,000. Missouri [Mr. ASHCROFT] were added as under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- cosponsors of S. 770, a bill to provide (ii) The amounts by which the aggregate gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- levels of Federal revenues should be in- for the relocation of the United States gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- creased are as follows: Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, and vised by an amount that does not exceed the Fiscal year 1996: $8,700,000,000. for other purposes. additional deficit reduction specified under Fiscal year 1997: ¥$19,700,000,000. S. 798 subsection (d).’’. Fiscal year 1998: ¥$22,200,000,000. ¥ At the request of Mr. CONRAD, the Fiscal year 1999: $21,800,000,000. ¥ name of the Senator from North Da- GRAMM (AND OTHERS) Fiscal year 2000: $25,700,000,000. AMENDMENT NO. 1123 Fiscal year 2001: ¥$28,500,000,000. kota [Mr. DORGAN] was added as a co- Fiscal year 2002: ¥$31,100,000,000. sponsor of S. 798, a bill to amend title Mr. GRAMM (for himself, Mr. COATS, (iii) The amounts for Federal Insurance XVI of the Social Security Act to im- Mr. COVERDELL, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. FAIR- Contributions Act revenues for hospital in- prove the provision of supplemental se- CLOTH, Mr. GRAMS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. surance within the recommended levels of curity income benefits, and for other KEMPTHORNE, Mr. KYL, Mr. LOTT, Mr. Federal revenues are as follows: purposes. MACK, Mr. MCCAIN, and Mr. SMITH) pro- Fiscal year 1996: $103,800,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $109,000,000,000. S. 833 posed an amendment to the concurrent Fiscal year 1998: $114,900,000,000. At the request of Mr. HATCH, the resolution (S. Con. Res. 13), supra; as follows: Fiscal year 1999: $120,700,000,000. name of the Senator from Connecticut Fiscal year 2000: $126,900,000,000. [Mr. LIEBERMAN] was added as a co- Strike all after the word ‘‘Section’’ on Fiscal year 2001: $133,600,000,000. sponsor of S. 833, a bill to amend the page 1, line 3 through page 79, line 15 and in- Fiscal year 2002: $140,400,000,000. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to more sert in lieu thereof the following: (B) For purposes of section 710 of the So- accurately codify the depreciable life 1. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET cial Security Act (excluding the receipts and FOR FISCAL YEAR 1996. of semiconductor manufacturing equip- disbursements of the Hospital Insurance (a) DECLARATION.—The Congress deter- ment. Trust Fund)— mines and declares that this resolution is (i) The recommended levels of Federal rev- SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 34 the concurrent resolution on the budget for enues are as follows: At the request of Mr. SMITH, the fiscal year 1996, including the appropriate Fiscal year 1996: $947,900,000,000. name of the Senator from New York budgetary levels for fiscal years 1997, 1998, Fiscal year 1997: $918,800,000,000. 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, as required by sec- [Mr. D’AMATO] was added as a cospon- Fiscal year 1998: $997,900,000,000. tion 301 of the Congressional Budget Act of Fiscal year 1999: $1,045,000,000,000. sor of Senate Joint Resolution 34, a 1974. joint resolution prohibiting funds for Fiscal year 2000: $1,093,600,000,000. (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- Fiscal year 2001: $1,152,100,000,000. diplomatic relations and most favored tents for this concurrent resolution is as fol- Fiscal year 2002: $1,213,500,000,000. nation trading status with the Social- lows: (ii) The amounts by which the aggregate ist Republic of Vietnam unless the Sec. 1. Concurrent resolution on the budget levels of Federal revenues should be changed President certifies to Congress that Vi- for fiscal year 1996. as follows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00112 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7249 Fiscal year 1996: $8,705,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: $5,726,800,000,000. (B) Outlays, $254,500,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: ¥$19,701,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: $5,972,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 1998: ¥$22,193,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: $6,215,700,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1999: ¥$21,798,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $6,416,900,000,000. ments, $1,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: ¥$25,699,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $6,594,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 2001: ¥$28,489,000,000. (6) DIRECT LOAN OBLIGATIONS.—The appro- (A) New budget authority, $266,200,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: ¥$31,106,000,000. priate levels of total new direct loan obliga- (B) Outlays, $259,600,000,000. (2) NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY.—(A) For pur- tions are as follows: (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. poses of comparison with the maximum def- Fiscal year 1996: $37,600,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- icit amount under sections 601(a)(1) and 606 Fiscal year 1997: $40,200,000,000. ments, $1,700,000,000. of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and Fiscal year 1998: $42,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: for purposes of the enforcement of this reso- Fiscal year 1999: $45,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $276,000,000,000. lution, the appropriate levels of total new Fiscal year 2000: $45,800,000,000. (B) Outlays, $267,800,000,000. budget authority are as follows: Fiscal year 2001: $45,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 1996: $1,266,800,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $46,100,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1997: $1,274,900,000,000. (7) PRIMARY LOAN GUARANTEE COMMIT- ments, $1,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: $1,321,600,000,000. MENTS.—The appropriate levels of new pri- Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 1999: $1,361,400,000,000. mary loan guarantee commitments are as (A) New budget authority, $275,900,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: $1,419,600,000,000. follows: (B) Outlays, $267,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $1,438,500,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: $193,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 2002: $1,483,200,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $187,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) For purposes of section 710 of the So- Fiscal year 1998: $185,300,000,000. ments, $1,700,000,000. cial Security Act (excluding the receipts and Fiscal year 1999: $185,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: disbursements of the Hospital Insurance Fiscal year 2000: $184,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $275,900,000,000. Trust Fund), the appropriate levels of total Fiscal year 2001: $186,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $269,200,000,000. new budget authority are as follows: Fiscal year 2002: $187,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 1996: $1,169,500,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- SEC. 3. DEBT INCREASE. Fiscal year 1997: $1,174,400,000,000. The amounts of the increase in the public ments, $1,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: $1,215,200,000,000. (2) International Affairs (150): debt subject to limitation are as follows: Fiscal year 1999: $1,248,100,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1996: $287,900,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: $1,299,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $15,400,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $280,500,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $1,291,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $16,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: $255,400,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $1,343,000,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1999: $245,900,000,000. (3) BUDGET OUTLAYS.—(A) For purposes of $5,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: $243,000,000,000. comparison with the maximum deficit (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2001: $201,200,000,000. amount under sections 601(a)(1) and 606 of ments, $18,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $177,400,000,000. the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and for Fiscal year 1997: purposes of the enforcement of this resolu- SEC. 4. SOCIAL SECURITY. (A) New budget authority, $14,300,000,000. tion, the appropriate levels of total budget (a) SOCIAL SECURITY REVENUES.—For pur- (B) Outlays, $15,100,000,000. outlays are as follows: poses of Senate enforcement under sections (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1996: $1,273,300,000,000. 302 and 311 of the Congressional Budget Act $5,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $1,274,900,000,000. of 1974, the amounts of revenues of the Fed- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1998: $1,300,100,000,000. eral Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust ments, $18,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: $1,345,200,000,000. Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 2000: $1,399,400,000,000. Trust Fund are as follows: (A) New budget authority, $13,500,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $1,420,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: $347,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, $14,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $1,467,100,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $392,000,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (B) For purposes of section 710 of the So- Fiscal year 1998: $411,400,000,000. $5,700,000,000. cial Security Act (excluding the receipts and Fiscal year 1999: $430,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- disbursements of the Hospital Insurance Fiscal year 2000: $452,000,000,000. ments, $18,300,000,000. Trust Fund), the appropriate levels of total Fiscal year 2001: $475,200,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: budget outlays are as follows: Fiscal year 2002: $498,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $12,600,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: $1,177,700,000,000. (b) SOCIAL SECURITY OUTLAYS.—For pur- (B) Outlays, $13,500,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $1,175,400,000,000. poses of Senate enforcement under sections (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1998: $1,194,700,000,000. 302 and 311 of the Congressional Budget Act $5,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: $1,233,600,000,000. of 1974, the amounts of outlays of the Fed- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2000: $1,280,000,000,000. eral Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust ments, $18,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $1,292,400,000,000. Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 2002: $1,328,100,000,000. Trust Fund are as follows: (A) New budget authority, $14,100,000,000. (4) DEFICITS.—(A) For purposes of compari- Fiscal year 1996: $299,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $13,100,000,000. son with the maximum deficit amount under Fiscal year 1997: $310,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, sections 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Fiscal year 1998: $324,600,000,000. $5,700,000,000. Budget Act of 1974 and for purposes of the en- Fiscal year 1999: $338,500,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- forcement of this resolution, the amounts of Fiscal year 2000: $353,100,000,000. ments, $18,300,000,000. the deficits are as follows: Fiscal year 2001: $368,100,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 1996: $221,600,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $383,800,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $14,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $211,100,000,000. SEC. 5. MAJOR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES. (B) Outlays, $13,400,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: $187,300,000,000. The Congress determines and declares that (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1999: $179,500,000,000. the appropriate levels of new budget author- $5,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: $178,900,000,000. ity, budget outlays, new direct loan obliga- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2001: $135,200,000,000. tions, and new primary loan guarantee com- ments, $18,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $113,200,000,000. mitments for fiscal years 1996 through 2000 Fiscal year 2002: (B) For purposes of section 710 of the So- for each major functional category are: (A) New budget authority, $14,200,000,000. cial Security Act (excluding the receipts and (1) National Defense (050): (B) Outlays, $13,300,000,000. disbursements of the Hospital Insurance Fiscal year 1996: (C) New direct loan obligations, Trust Fund), the amounts of the deficits are (A) New budget authority, $257,700,000,000. $5,700,000,000. as follows: (B) Outlays, $261,100,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1996: $229,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. ments, $18,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: $220,600,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (3) General Science, Space, and Technology Fiscal year 1998: $196,800,000,000. ments, $1,700,000,000. (250): Fiscal year 1999: $188,600,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 2000: $186,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $253,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $16,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: $140,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $257,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $16,700,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $114,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (5) PUBLIC DEBT.—The appropriate levels of (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- the public debt are as follows: ments, $1,700,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1996: $5,190,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1997: $5,471,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $259,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $16,300,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00113 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 (B) Outlays, $16,600,000,000. (B) Outlays, $20,400,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $5,700,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- $100,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $10,100,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: ments, $0. (B) Outlays, $9,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $16,100,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: (C) New direct loan obligations, (B) Outlays, $16,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $18,300,000,000. $10,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $20,100,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $5,700,000,000. ments, $0. $100,000,000. (7) Commerce and Housing Credit (370): Fiscal year 1999: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1996: (A) New budget authority, $16,000,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $2,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $16,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: (B) Outlays, ¥$7,000,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (A) New budget authority, $15,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $17,900,000,000. $1,400,000,000. ments, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2000: $100,000,000. ments, $123,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $15,800,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1997: (B) Outlays, $15,900,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $1,500,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 1999: (B) Outlays, ¥$5,400,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $16,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $0. (B) Outlays, $18,400,000,000. $1,400,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $15,800,000,000. $100,000,000. ments, $123,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $15,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1998: (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $600,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2000: (B) Outlays, ¥$7,000,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $16,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 2002: (B) Outlays, $17,400,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $15,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $15,900,000,000. $100,000,000. ments, $123,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1999: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $100,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2001: (B) Outlays, ¥$5,100,000,000. (4) Energy (270): (A) New budget authority, $15,000,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1996: (B) Outlays, $15,900,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $2,900,000,000 (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $2,700,000,000. $100,000,000. ments, $123,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2000: $1,200,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $1,700,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2002: (B) Outlays, ¥$2,500,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $15,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1997: (B) Outlays, $16,600,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $1,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $1,000,000,000. $100,000,000. ments, $123,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2001: $1,200,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $500,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (6) Agriculture (350): (B) Outlays, ¥$3,300,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1996: (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1998: (A) New budget authority, $13,100,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $3,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $11,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $2,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $123,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $11,500,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $5,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$3,400,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1997: (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1999: (A) New budget authority, $12,200,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $4,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $10,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $3,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $123,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $11,500,000,000. (8) Transportation (400): $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1996: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $5,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $36,500,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1998: (B) Outlays, $38,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: (A) New budget authority, $11,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $4,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $10,600,000,000. $200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $2,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $10,900,000,000. ments, $0. $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1997: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $5,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $38,800,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1999: (B) Outlays, $32,800,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: (A) New budget authority, $11,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $4,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $10,400,000,000. $200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $2,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $11,600,000,000. ments, $0. $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1998: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $5,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $39,400,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2000: (B) Outlays, $31,800,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: (A) New budget authority, $11,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $4,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $10,600,000,000. $200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $2,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $11,400,000,000. ments, $0. $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1999: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $5,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $40,200,000,000. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2001: (B) Outlays, $31,300,000,000. (5) Natural Resources and Environment (A) New budget authority, $10,500,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (300): (B) Outlays, $9,400,000,000. $200,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $19,500,000,000. $11,100,000,000. ments, $0.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00114 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7251 Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 1998: (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (A) New budget authority, $41,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $47,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $31,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $47,000,000,000. ments, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1998: $200,000,000. $19,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $193,100,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $191,400,000,000. ments, $0. ments, $15,200,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 1999: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $41,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $47,400,000,000. ments, $0. (B) Outlays, $31,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $46,800,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: (C) New direct loan obligations, (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $207,400,000,000. $200,000,000. $21,800,000,000. (B) Outlays, $204,800,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. ments, $0. ments, $14,300,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2002: Fiscal year 2000: ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $40,800,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $47,800,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: (B) Outlays, $31,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $47,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $221,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (C) New direct loan obligations, (B) Outlays, $219,500,000,000. $200,000,000. $21,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $15,000,000,000. ments, $0. (9) Community and Regional Development Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2001: (450): (A) New budget authority, $47,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $238,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (B) Outlays, $46,800,000,000. (B) Outlays, $236,900,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $5,800,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $9,800,000,000. $22,000,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. $2,700,000,000. ments, $15,800,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2002: (A) New budget authority, $258,900,000,000. ments, $1,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $47,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $256,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: (B) Outlays, $46,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (A) New budget authority, $5,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $7,300,000,000. $22,200,000,000. ments, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (13) For purposes of section 710 of the So- $2,700,000,000. ments, $16,600,000,000. cial Security Act, Federal Supplementary (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (11) Health (550): Medical Insurance Trust Fund: ments, $1,200,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1998: (A) New budget authority, $118,800,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $61,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $5,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $119,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $60,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $5,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- $2,700,000,000. ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1997: ments, $1,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $124,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $66,500,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: (B) Outlays, $124,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $65,900,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $5,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $5,100,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. $2,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1998: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $128,800,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $73,700,000,000. ments, $1,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $128,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $73,000,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (A) New budget authority, $5,000,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $5,100,000,000. ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 1999: $2,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $132,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $81,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $132,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $81,100,000,000. ments, $1,200,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 2001: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $4,500,000,000. ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. (B) Outlays, $5,000,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 2000: (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $136,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $90,300,000,000. $2,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, $136,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $89,400,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. ments, $1,200,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2002: ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. (A) New budget authority, $4,400,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2001: (B) Outlays, $5,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $140,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $100,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (B) Outlays, $140,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $99,500,000,000. $2,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $1,200,000,000. ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. (10) Education, Training, Employment, and Fiscal year 2002: Fiscal year 2002: Social Services (500): (A) New budget authority, $144,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $112,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (B) Outlays, $144,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $111,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $48,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $51,700,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $300,000,000. ments, $0. $13,600,000,000. (12) Medicare (570): (14) Income Security (600): (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1996: ments, $16,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $171,900,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $226,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: (B) Outlays, $169,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $225,900,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $47,300,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $47,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. $16,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1997: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $180,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $233,700,000,000. ments, $15,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $178,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $235,600,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00115 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7252 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- $1,100,000,000. ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1998: ments, $21,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $12,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $253,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: (B) Outlays, $12,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $246,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $37,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $38,000,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1999: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $12,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $256,000,000,000. ments, $19,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, $12,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $257,900,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (A) New budget authority, $37,900,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $38,200,000,000. ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 2000: $1,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $12,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $272,600,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (B) Outlays, $12,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $272,600,000,000. ments, $18,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Fiscal year 2000: (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (A) New budget authority, $37,900,000,000. ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $39,400,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 2001: (C) New direct loan obligations, (A) New budget authority, $12,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $277,500,000,000. $1,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $11,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $277,400,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. ments, $19,300,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Fiscal year 2001: ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $38,300,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2002: (B) Outlays, $40,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $11,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $291,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (B) Outlays, $11,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, $291,700,000,000. $1,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $19,900,000,000. ments, $0. ments, $1,000,000,000. Fiscal year 2002: Fiscal year 2002: (15) Social Security (650): (A) New budget authority, $38,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $11,600,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (B) Outlays, $40,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $11,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $5,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $8,500,000,000. $1,700,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $20,600,000,000. (19) Net Interest (900): ments, $0. (17) Administration of Justice (750): Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1996: (A) New budget authority, $297,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $8,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $20,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $297,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $10,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $19,600,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1997: (A) New budget authority, $308,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $8,800,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $20,700,000,000. (B) Outlays, $308,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $11,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $21,200,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 1998: (A) New budget authority, $316,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $9,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $21,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $316,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $12,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $22,400,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 1999: (A) New budget authority, $327,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $10,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $22,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $327,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $12,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $23,100,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2000: (A) New budget authority, $338,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $11,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $22,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $338,300,000,000. (B) Outlays, $13,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $23,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2002: Fiscal year 2001: (A) New budget authority, $345,200,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $11,700,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $21,900,000,000. (B) Outlays, $345,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, $14,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, $23,300,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 2002: (16) Veterans Benefits and Services (700): Fiscal year 2002: (A) New budget authority, $353,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (A) New budget authority, $21,800,000,000. (B) Outlays, $353,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $37,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $23,200,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, $36,900,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. $1,200,000,000. ments, $0. (20) For purposes of section 710 of the So- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (18) General Government (800): cial Security Act, Net Interest (900): ments, $26,700,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1997: (A) New budget authority, $12,500,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $308,400,000,000. (A) New budget authority, $37,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, $13,000,000,000. (B) Outlays, $308,400,000,000. (B) Outlays, $37,700,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00116 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7253 (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- ments, $0. ments, $0. ments, $0. Fiscal year 1997: (23) Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (950): SEC. 6. RECONCILIATION. (A) New budget authority, $319,100,000,000. Fiscal year 1996: (a) SENATE COMMITTEES.—Not later than (B) Outlays, $319,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$33,100,000,000. July 14, 1995, the committees named in this (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$33,100,000,000. subsection shall submit their recommenda- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. tions to the Committee on the Budget of the ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- Senate. After receiving those recommenda- Fiscal year 1998: ments, $0. tions, the Committee on the Budget shall re- (A) New budget authority, $326,300,000,000. Fiscal year 1997: port to the Senate a reconciliation bill car- (B) Outlays, $326,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$33,800,000,000. rying out all such recommendations without (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$33,800,000,000. any substantive revision. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (1) COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- AND FORESTRY.—The Senate Committee on Fiscal year 1999: ments, $0. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry shall (A) New budget authority, $336,600,000,000. Fiscal year 1998: report changes in laws within its jurisdiction (B) Outlays, $336,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$36,300,000,000. that provide direct spending (as defined in (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$36,300,000,000. section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985) to re- ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- duce outlays $2,490,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, Fiscal year 2000: ments, $0. $27,973,000,000 for the period of fiscal years (A) New budget authority, $346,000,000,000. Fiscal year 1999: 1996 through 2000, and $45,804,000,000 for the (B) Outlays, $346,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$37,700,000,000. period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$37,700,000,000. (2) COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES.—The (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Senate Committee on Armed Services shall ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- report changes in laws within its jurisdiction Fiscal year 2001: ments, $0. that provide direct spending to reduce out- (A) New budget authority, $350,900,000,000. Fiscal year 2000: lays $21,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, $338,000,000 (B) Outlays, $350,900,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$39,700,000,000. for the period of fiscal years 1996 through (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$39,700,000,000. 2000, and $649,000,000 for the period of fiscal (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. years 1996 through 2002. ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (3) COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND Fiscal year 2002: ments, $0. URBAN AFFAIRS.—The Senate Committee on (A) New budget authority, $356,100,000,000. Fiscal year 2001: Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs shall (B) Outlays, $356,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$41,100,000,000. report changes in laws within its jurisdiction (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (B) Outlays, ¥$41,100,000,000. to reduce the deficit $373,000,000 in fiscal year (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. 1996, $5,742,000,000 for the period of fiscal ments, $0. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- years 1996 through 2000, and $6,690,000,000 for (21) The corresponding levels of gross inter- ments, $0. the period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. est on the public debt are as follows: Fiscal year 2002: (4) COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND Fiscal year 1996: $369,198,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$42,300,000,000. TRANSPORTATION.—The Senate Committee on Fiscal year 1997: $379,464,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$42,300,000,000. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Fiscal year 1998: $387,544,000,000. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. shall report changes in laws within its juris- Fiscal year 1999: $399,682,000,000. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- diction to reduce the deficit $2,464,000,000 in Fiscal year 2000: $411,144,000,000. ments, $0. fiscal year 1996, $21,937,000,000 for the period Fiscal year 2001: $421,368,000,000. (24) For purposes of section 710 of the So- of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and Fiscal year 2002: $430,460,000,000. cial Security Act, Undistributed Offsetting $33,685,000,000 for the period of fiscal years (22) Allowances (920): Receipts (950): 1996 through 2002. Fiscal year 1996: Fiscal year 1996: (5) COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RE- (A) New budget authority, ¥$8,600,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$30,600,000,000. SOURCES.—The Senate Committee on Energy (B) Outlays, ¥$6,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$30,600,000,000. and Natural Resources shall report changes (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. in laws within its jurisdiction that provide (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- direct spending to reduce outlays ments, $0. ments, $0. $1,771,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, $4,775,000,000 Fiscal year 1997: Fiscal year 1997: for the period of fiscal years 1996 through (A) New budget authority, ¥$26,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$31,200,000,000. 2000, and $5,001,000,000 for the period of fiscal (B) Outlays, ¥$23,500,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$31,200,000,000. years 1996 through 2002. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (6) COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- WORKS.—The Senate Committee on Environ- ments, $0. ments, $0. ment and Public Works shall report changes Fiscal year 1998: Fiscal year 1998: in laws within its jurisdiction that provide (A) New budget authority, ¥$25,100,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$33,600,000,000. direct spending to reduce outlays $106,000,000 (B) Outlays, ¥$23,600,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$33,600,000,000. in fiscal year 1996, $1,290,000,000 for the period (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- $2,236,000,000 for the period of fiscal years ments, $0. ments, $0. 1996 through 2002. Fiscal year 1999: Fiscal year 1999: (7) COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.—The Senate (A) New budget authority, ¥$26,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$34,900,000,000. Committee on Finance shall report changes (B) Outlays, ¥$24,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$34,900,000,000. in laws within its jurisdiction that provide (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. direct spending to reduce outlays (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- $22,757,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, ments, $0. ments, $0. $294,260,000,000 for the period of fiscal years Fiscal year 2000: Fiscal year 2000: 1996 through 2000, and $544,302,000,000 for the (A) New budget authority, ¥$26,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$36,700,000,000. period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. (B) Outlays, ¥$24,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$36,700,000,000. (8) COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS.—The (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- shall report changes in laws within its juris- ments, $0. ments, $0. diction that provide direct spending to re- Fiscal year 2001: Fiscal year 2001: duce outlays $0 in fiscal year 1996, $0 for the (A) New budget authority, ¥$34,000,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$37,900,000,000. period of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and (B) Outlays, ¥$31,100,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$37,900,000,000. $0 for the period of fiscal years 1996 through (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. 2002. (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (D) New primary loan guarantee commit- (9) COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AF- ments, $0. ments, $0. FAIRS.—The Senate Committee on Govern- Fiscal year 2002: Fiscal year 2002: mental Affairs shall report changes in laws (A) New budget authority, ¥$35,300,000,000. (A) New budget authority, ¥$39,000,000,000. within its jurisdiction that provide direct (B) Outlays, ¥$32,200,000,000. (B) Outlays, ¥$39,000,000,000. spending to reduce outlays $118,000,000 in fis- (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. (C) New direct loan obligations, $0. cal year 1996, $3,023,000,000 for the period of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00117 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and (7) with respect to fiscal year 2002— recently adopted concurrent resolution on $6,871,000,000 for the period of fiscal years (A) for the defense category $276,644,000,000 the budget. 1996 through 2002. in new budget authority and $270,000,000,000 (3) DIRECT-SPENDING OR RECEIPTS LEGISLA- (10) COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY.—The in outlays; and TION.—For purposes of this subsection, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary shall re- (B) for the nondefense category term ‘‘direct-spending or receipts legisla- port changes in laws within its jurisdiction $189,259,000,000 in new budget authority and tion’’ shall— that provide direct spending to reduce out- $222,060,000,000 in outlays; (A) except as otherwise provided in this lays $119,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, as adjusted for changes in concepts and defi- subsection, include all direct-spending legis- $923,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1996 nitions and emergency appropriations. lation as that term is interpreted for pur- through 2000, and $1,483,000,000 for the period (b) POINT OF ORDER IN THE SENATE.— poses of the Balanced Budget and Emergency of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in Deficit Control Act of 1985; (11) COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RE- paragraph (2), it shall not be in order in the (B) include— SOURCES.—The Senate Committee on Labor Senate to consider— (i) any bill, joint resolution, amendment, and Human Resources shall report changes (A) any concurrent resolution on the budg- motion, or conference report to which this in laws within its jurisdiction that provide et for fiscal year 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, subsection otherwise applies; and direct spending to reduce outlays 2001, or 2002 (or amendment, motion, or con- (ii) the estimated amount of savings in di- $1,141,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, $9,165,000,000 ference report on such a resolution) that pro- rect-spending programs applicable to that for the period of fiscal years 1996 through vides discretionary spending in excess of the fiscal year resulting from the prior year’s se- 2000, and $13,795,000,000 for the period of fiscal sum of the defense and nondefense discre- questration under the Balanced Budget and years 1996 through 2002. tionary spending limits for such fiscal year; Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, if any (12) COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRA- or (except for any amounts sequestered as a re- TION.—The Senate Committee on Rules and (B) any appropriations bill or resolution sult of a net deficit increase in the fiscal Administration shall report changes in laws (or amendment, motion, or conference report year immediately preceding the prior fiscal within its jurisdiction that provide direct on such appropriations bill or resolution) for year); and spending to reduce outlays $2,000,000 in fiscal fiscal year 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, (C) exclude— year 1996, $280,000,000 for the period of fiscal 2001, or 2002 that would exceed any of the dis- (i) any concurrent resolution on the budg- years 1996 through 2000, and $319,000,000 for cretionary spending limits in this section or et; and the period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. suballocations of those limits made pursuant (ii) full funding of, and continuation of, the (13) COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS.— to section 602(b) of the Congressional Budget deposit insurance guarantee commitment in The Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs Act of 1974. effect on the date of enactment of the Budg- shall report changes in laws within its juris- (2) EXCEPTION.—This section shall not et Enforcement Act of 1990. diction that provide direct spending to re- apply if a declaration of war by the Congress (4) BASELINE.—Estimates prepared pursu- duce outlays $301,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, is in effect or if a joint resolution pursuant ant to this section shall— $5,760,000,000 for the period of fiscal years to section 258 of the Balanced Budget and (A) use the baseline used for the most re- 1996 through 2000, and $10,002,000,000 for the Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 has cent concurrent resolution on the budget, period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. been enacted. and for years beyond those covered by that (c) WAIVER.—This section may be waived TITLE II—BUDGETARY RESTRAINTS AND concurrent resolution; and or suspended in the Senate only by the af- RULEMAKING (B) abide by the requirements of sub- firmative vote of three-fifths of the Mem- SEC. 201. DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS. sections (a) through (d) of section 257 of the bers, duly chosen and sworn. Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit (a) DEFINITION.—As used in this section and (d) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from Control Act of 1985, except that references to for the purposes of allocations made pursu- the decisions of the Chair relating to any ‘‘outyears’’ in that section shall be deemed ant to section 602(a) of the Congressional provision of this section shall be limited to 1 to apply to any year (other than the budget Budget Act of 1974, for the discretionary cat- hour, to be equally divided between, and con- year) covered by any one of the time periods egory, the term ‘‘discretionary spending trolled by, the appellant and the manager of defined in paragraph (2) of this subsection. limit’’ means— the concurrent resolution, bill, or joint reso- (c) WAIVER.—This section may be waived (1) with respect to fiscal year 1996— lution, as the case may be. An affirmative (A) for the defense category $258,379,000,000 or suspended in the Senate only by the af- vote of three-fifths of the Members of the firmative vote of three-fifths of the Mem- in new budget authority and $262,035,000,000 Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be re- in outlays; and bers, duly chosen and sworn. quired in the Senate to sustain an appeal of (d) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from (B) for the nondefense category the ruling of the Chair on a point of order the decisions of the Chair relating to any $219,441,000,000 in new budget authority and raised under this section. provision of this section shall be limited to 1 $264,908,000,000 in outlays; (e) DETERMINATION OF BUDGET LEVELS.— hour, to be equally divided between, and con- (2) with respect to fiscal year 1997— For purposes of this section, the levels of trolled by, the appellant and the manager of (A) for the defense category $254,028,000,000 new budget authority, outlays, new entitle- the bill or joint resolution, as the case may in new budget authority and $257,695,000,000 ment authority, and revenues for a fiscal be. An affirmative vote of three-fifths of the in outlays; and year shall be determined on the basis of esti- Members of the Senate, duly chosen and (B) for the nondefense category mates made by the Committee on the Budget sworn, shall be required in the Senate to sus- $194,542,000,000 in new budget authority and of the Senate. tain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on $234,248,000,000 in outlays; SEC. 202. EXTENSION OF PAY-AS-YOU-GO POINT a point of order raised under this section. (3) with respect to fiscal year 1998— OF ORDER. (e) DETERMINATION OF BUDGET LEVELS.— (A) for the defense category $260,321,000,000 (a) PURPOSE.—The Senate declares that it For purposes of this section, the levels of in new budget authority and $255,226,000,000 is essential to— new budget authority, outlays, and receipts in outlays; and (1) ensure continued compliance with the for a fiscal year shall be determined on the (B) for the nondefense category balanced budget plan set forth in this resolu- basis of estimates made by the Committee $201,387,000,000 in new budget authority and tion; and on the Budget of the Senate. $228,735,000,000 in outlays; (2) continue the pay-as-you-go enforcement (f) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 23 of (4) with respect to fiscal year 1999— system. House Concurrent Resolution 218 (103d Con- (A) for the defense category $266,906,000,000 (b) POINT OF ORDER.— gress) is repealed. in new budget authority and $260,331,000,000 (1) IN GENERAL.—It shall not be in order in (g) SUNSET.—Subsections (a) through (e) of in outlays; and the Senate to consider any direct-spending this section shall expire September 30, 2002. (B) for the nondefense category or receipts legislation (as defined in para- SEC. 203. BUDGET SURPLUS ALLOWANCE. $191,023,000,000 in new budget authority and graph (3)) that would increase the deficit for (a) ADJUSTMENTS.—For the purposes of $225,240,000,000 in outlays; any one of the three applicable time periods points of order under the Congressional (5) with respect to fiscal year 2000— (as defined in paragraph (2)) as measured Budget and Impoundment Act of 1974 and (A) for the defense category $276,644,000,000 pursuant to paragraph (4). this concurrent resolution on the budget, the in new budget authority and $268,468,000,000 (2) APPLICABLE TIME PERIODS.—For pur- revenue aggregates shall be reduced and in outlays; and poses of this subsection, the term ‘‘applica- other appropriate budgetary aggregates and (B) for the nondefense category ble time period’’ means any one of the three levels shall be revised to reflect the addi- $195,215,000,000 in new budget authority and following periods— tional deficit reduction achieved as cal- $225,293,000,000 in outlays; (A) the first fiscal year covered by the culated under section (c) for legislation that (6) with respect to fiscal year 2001— most recently adopted concurrent resolution reduces revenues. (A) for the defense category $276,644,000,000 on the budget; (b) REVISED AGGREGATES.—Upon the re- in new budget authority and $268,468,000,000 (B) the period of the first 5 fiscal years cov- porting to the Committee on the Budget of in outlays; and ered by the most recently adopted concur- legislation that complies with reconciliation (B) for the nondefense category rent resolution on the budget; or directives of section 6, and upon the report- $191,112,000,000 in new budget authority and (C) the period of the 5 fiscal years fol- ing of the conference committee on such leg- $223,790,000,000 in outlays; and lowing the first 5 years covered by the most islation (if a conference report is submitted),

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00118 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7255 the Chairman of the Committee on the Budg- ning with fiscal year 1996, the determina- to section 313 of that Act) shall continue to et of the Senate shall submit to the Senate tions under sections 302, 303, and 311 of such have effect as rules of the Senate through appropriately revised budgetary aggregates Act shall take into account any new budget (but no later than) September 30, 2002. and levels by an amount that does not ex- authority, new entitlement authority, out- SEC. 209. REPEAL OF IRS ALLOWANCE. ceed the additional deficit reduction cal- lays, receipts, or deficit effects as a con- Section 25 of House Concurrent Resolution culated under subsection (d). sequence of the provisions of section 218 (103d Congress, 2d Session) is repealed. (c) CBO REVISED DEFICIT ESTIMATE.—Upon 251(b)(2)(D) and 252(e) of the Balanced Budget the reporting to the Committee on the Budg- and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. SEC. 210. EXERCISE OF RULEMAKING POWERS. et of legislation that complies with rec- SEC. 206. SALE OF GOVERNMENT ASSETS. The Senate adopts the provisions of this onciliation directives of section 6, and upon (a) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense title— the reporting of the conference committee of the Congress that— (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power on such legislation (if a conference report is (1) the prohibition on scoring asset sales of the Senate, and as such they shall be con- submitted), the Congressional Budget Office sidered as part of the rules of the Senate, shall provide the Chairman of the Com- has discouraged the sale of assets that can be and such rules shall supersede other rules mittee on Budget of the Senate a revised es- better managed by the private sector and only to the extent that they are inconsistent timate of the deficit for fiscal years 1996 generate receipts to reduce the Federal therewith; and through 2005 that assumes enactment of such budget deficit; (2) with full recognition of the constitu- legislation. (2) the President’s fiscal year 1996 budget (d) ADDITIONAL DEFICIT REDUCTION.—For included $8,000,000,000 in receipts from asset tional right of the Senate to change those purposes of this section, the term ‘‘addi- sales and proposed a change in the asset sale rules (so far as they relate to the Senate) at tional deficit reduction’’ means the amount scoring rule to allow the proceeds from these any time, in the same manner, and to the by which the total deficit levels assumed in sales to be scored; same extent as in the case of any other rule this resolution for a fiscal year exceed the (3) assets should not be sold if such sale of the Senate. revised deficit estimate provided pursuant to would increase the budget deficit over the subsection (c) for such fiscal year for fiscal long run; and years 1996 through 2005. (4) the asset sale scoring prohibition EXON (AND OTHERS) AMENDMENT (e) CBO CERTIFICATION AND CONTIN- should be repealed and consideration should NO. 1124 GENCIES.—This section shall not apply un- be given to replacing it with a methodology less— that takes into account the long-term budg- Mr. EXON (for himself, Mr. LAUTEN- (1) the Director of the Congressional Budg- etary impact of asset sales. BERG, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. KENNEDY, Mrs. et Office has provided the estimates required (b) BUDGETARY TREATMENT.—For purposes MURRAY, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. DASCHLE, by subsection (c); and of any concurrent resolution on the budget Mr. DODD, and Mr. BRADLEY) proposed (2) the revisions made pursuant to this sub- and the Congressional Budget and Impound- section do not cause a budget deficit for fis- ment Control Act of 1974, the amounts real- an amendment to the concurrent reso- cal year 2002, 2003, 2004, or 2005. ized from sales of assets shall be scored with lution S. Con. Res. 13, supra; as follows: SEC. 204. TAX RESERVE FUND IN THE SENATE. respect to the level of budget authority, out- On page 74, strike beginning with line 12 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the reporting to the lays, or revenues. through line 12 on page 77 and insert the fol- Committee on the Budget of legislation com- (c) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this sec- lowing: ‘‘budget, the appropriate budgetary plying with the reconciliation requirements tion, the term ‘‘sale of an asset’’ shall have allocations, aggregates, and levels shall be of Section 6, revenue and spending aggre- the same meaning as under section 250(c)(21) revised to reflect— gates shall be reduced and allocations shall of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Def- ‘‘(1) $100,000,000,000 in budget authority and be revised for legislation that reduces reve- icit Control Act of 1985. nues within the Finance Committees juris- outlays of the additional deficit reduction (d) TREATMENT OF LOAN ASSETS.—For the achieved as calculated under subsection (c) diction by the following amounts: purposes of this section, the sale of loan as- 1996—$3,000,000,000; for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- sets or the prepayment of a loan shall be 1997—$7,000,000,000; fects on medicare and medicaid of— governed by the terms of the Federal Credit 1998—$14,000,000,000; ‘‘(A) increased premiums; Reform Act of 1990. 1999—$23,000,000,000; ‘‘(B) increased deductibles; 2000—$32,000,000,000; SEC. 207. CREDIT REFORM AND GUARANTEED 2001—$41,000,000,000; STUDENT LOANS. ‘‘(C) increased copayments; 2002—$50,000,000,000. For the purposes of allocations and points ‘‘(D) limits on the freedom to select the or by such amounts defined as ‘‘additional of order under the Congressional Budget Act doctor of one’s choice; deficit reduction’’ in section 203(d) if less of 1974 and this resolution, the cost of a di- ‘‘(E) reduced quality of health care serv- than the amounts specified herein, provided rect loan shall be the net present value, at ices caused by funding reductions for health that the costs of such legislation are not in- the time when the direct loan is disbursed, of care providers; cluded in the concurrent resolution on the the following cash flows for the estimated ‘‘(F) reduced or eliminated benefits caused budget and the enactment of such legislation life of the loan: by restrictions on eligibility or services; will not increase the deficit in this resolu- (1) Loan disbursements. ‘‘(G) closure of hospitals or nursing homes, tion for— (2) Repayments of principal. or other harms to health care providers; or (1) fiscal year 1996; (3) Payments of interest and other pay- ‘‘(H) other costs to beneficiaries; (2) the period of fiscal years 1996 through ments by or to the Government over the life ‘‘(2) $18,000,000,000 in budget authority and 2000; or of the loan after adjusting for estimated de- outlays of the additional deficit reduction (3) the period of fiscal years 2001 through faults, prepayments, fees, penalties, and achieved as calculated under subsection (c) 2005. other recoveries. (b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS.—Upon the re- for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- (4) In the case of legislation increasing di- porting of legislation pursuant to subsection fects on discretionary spending on education rect loan commitments for a program in (a), and again upon the submission of a con- and $12,000,000,000 in budget authority and which loan commitments will equal or ex- ference report on such legislation (if a con- outlays for legislation that reduces the ad- ceed $5,000,000,000 for the coming fiscal year ference report is submitted), the Chairman of verse effects on direct spending for edu- (or for any prior fiscal year), direct expenses, the Committee on the Budget of the Senate cation; shall file with the Senate appropriately re- including— (A) activities related to credit extension, ‘‘(3) $10,000,000,000 in budget authority and vised allocations under sections 302(a) and outlays of the additional deficit reduction 602(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 loan origination, loan servicing, training, program promotion, management of contrac- achieved as calculated under subsection (c) and revised functional levels and aggregates for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- to carry out this subsection. These revised tors, and payments to contractors, other government entities, and program partici- fects on direct spending within the jurisdic- allocations, functional levels, and aggregates tion of the Committee on Agriculture; shall be considered for the purposes of the pants; ‘‘(4) $17,000,000,000 in budget authority and Congressional Budget Act of 1974 as alloca- (B) collection of delinquent loans; and outlays of the additional deficit reduction tions, functional levels and aggregates con- (C) writeoff and closeout of loans. achieved as calculated under subsection (c) tained in this concurrent resolution on the SEC. 208. EXTENSION OF BUDGET ACT 60-VOTE for legislation that restores the full current budget. ENFORCEMENT THROUGH 2002. law earned income tax credit under section (c) REPORTING REVISED ALLOCATIONS.—The Notwithstanding section 275(b) of the Bal- appropriate committee shall report appro- anced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; priately revise allocations pursuant to sec- Act of 1985 (as amended by sections 13112(b) ‘‘(5) $3,000,000,000 in budget authority and tions 302(b) and 602(b) of the Congressional and 13208(b)(3) of the Budget Enforcement outlays of the additional deficit reduction Budget Act of 1974 to carry out this section. Act of 1990), the second sentence of section achieved as calculated under subsection (c) SEC. 205. SCORING OF EMERGENCY LEGISLA- 904(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 for legislation that reduces the adverse ef- TION. (except insofar as it relates to section 313 of fects on programs for veterans; and Notwithstanding section 606(d)(2) of the that Act) and the final sentence of section ‘‘(6) $10,000,000,000 in budget authority and Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and begin- 904(d) of that Act (except insofar as it relates outlays of the additional deficit reduction

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00119 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 achieved as calculated under subsection (c) On page 12, line 3, increase the amount by On page 67, line , decrease the amount by which shall be subject to allocation by the $15,100,000,000. $11,400,000,000. Committee on the Budget, by majority vote. On page 12, line 4, increase the amount by On page 67, line , decrease the amount by The amounts provided by paragraphs (1) $11,700,000,000. $11,600,000,000. through (6) shall be proportionally adjusted On page 12, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 6, increase the amount by based on any increase or decrease in the pro- $11,300,000,000. $11,300,000,000. jected allowance of $170,000,000,000. On page 12, line 11, increase the amount by On page 67, line 7, increase the amount by $10,000,000,000. ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- $11,500,000,000. On page 67, line 9, decrease the amount by GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation On page 12, line 17, increase the amount by pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon $11,400,000,000. $11,300,000,000. On page 67, line 10, decrease the amount by the submission of a conference report on On page 12, line 18, increase the amount by $10,000,000,000. such legislation (if a conference report is $11,600,000,000. On page 68, after line 12, add the following submitted), the Chair of the Committee on On page 12, line 24, increase the amount by new paragraph: the Budget of the Senate may submit to the $11,300,000,000. On page 12, line 25, increase the amount by (3) It is the sense of the Senate that the Senate appropriately revised allocations Senate should waive all points of order that under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- $10,000,000,000. On page 54, line 20, decrease the amount by would preclude increasing non-defense spend- gressional Budget Act of 1974, discretionary ing in any one fiscal year by up to $2 billion spending limits under section 201(a) of this $9,600,000,000. On page 54, line 21, decrease the amount by and, at the same time, decreasing defense resolution, budgetary aggregates, and levels $4,000,000,000. spending in any one fiscal year by up to $2 under this resolution, revised by an amount On page 55, line 2, decrease the amount by billion, from the levels of discretionary that does not exceed the additional deficit $15,900,000,000. spending in this section. It is further the reduction specified under subsection (d). On page 55, line 3, decrease the amount by sense of the Senate that defense spending ‘‘(c) CBO REVISED DEFICIT ESTIMATE.— $8,300,000,000. may not be reduced by more than a total of After the enactment of legislation that com- On page 55, line 9, decrease the amount by $10 billion and non-defense spending may not plies with the reconciliation directives of $17,700,000,000. be increased by more than a total of $10 bil- section 6, the Congressional Budget Office On page 55, line 10, decrease the amount by lion over the seven years of the resolution, shall provide the Chairman of the Com- $10,800,000,000. from the levels of discretionary spending in mittee on the Budget of the Senate a revised On page 55, line 16, decrease the amount by this section. estimate of the deficit for fiscal years 1996 $15,100,000,000. through 2005. On page 55, line 17, decrease the amount by ‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL DEFICIT REDUCTION.—For HARKIN (AND BUMPERS) $11,700,000,000. AMENDMENT NO. 1126 purposes of this section, the term ‘‘addi- On page 55, line 23, decrease the amount by tional deficit reduction’’ means the amount $11,300,000,000. Mr. HARKIN (for himself and Mr. by which the total deficit levels assumed in On page 55, line 24, decrease the amount by BUMPERS) proposed an amendment to this resolution for a fiscal year exceed the $11,500,000,000. the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- revised deficit estimate provided pursuant to On page 56, line 5, decrease the amount by subsection (c) for such fiscal year for fiscal current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- $11,400,000,000. lows: years 1996 through 2005. On page 56, line 6, decrease the amount by ‘‘(e) CBO CERTIFICATION AND CONTIN- $11,600,000,000. On page 12, line 3, decrease the amount by GENCIES.—This section shall not apply un- On page 56, line 12, decrease the amount by $4,800,000,000. less— $11,300,000,000. On page 12, line 4, decrease the amount by ‘‘(1) legislation has been enacted com- On page 56, line 13, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. plying with the reconciliation directives of $10,000,000,000. On page 12, line 10, decrease the amount by section 6; On page 65, line 14, increase the amount by $10,000,000,000. On page 12, line 11, decrease the amount by ‘‘(2) the Director of the Congressional $9,600,000,000. Budget Office has provided the estimate re- On page 65, line 15, increase the amount by $3,400,000,000. On page 12, line 17, decrease the amount by quired by subsection (c); and $4,000,000,000. $10,000,000,000. ‘‘(3) the revisions made pursuant to this On page 65, line 17, decrease the amount by On page 12, line 18, decrease the amount by subsection do not cause a budget deficit for $9,600,000,000. $6,200,000,000. fiscal year 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. On page 65, line 18, decrease the amount by On page 12, line 24, decrease the amount by ‘‘SEC. 205. SCORING OF EMERGENCY LEGISLA- $4,000,000,000. TION. $10,000,000,000. On page 65, line 21, increase the amount by On page 12, line 25, decrease the amount by ‘‘Notwithstanding section 606(d)(2) of the $15,900,000,000. Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and begin- $6,200,000,000. On page 65, line 22, increase the amount by On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by ning with fiscal year 1996, the determina- $8,300,000,000. tions under sections 302, 303, and 311 of such $4,800,000,000. On page 65, line 24, decrease the amount by On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by Act shall take into account any new budget $15,900,000,000. authority, new entitlement authority, out- $1,000,000,000. On page 65, line 25, decrease the amount by On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by lays, receipts, or deficit effects as a con- $8,300,000,000. $10,000,000,000. sequence of the provisions of section On page 66, line 3, increase the amount by On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by 251(b)(2)(D) and 252(e) of the Balanced Budget $17,700,000,000. $3,400,000,000. and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.’’. On page 66, line 4, increase the amount by On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by $10,800,000,000. $10,000,000,000. THURMOND (AND OTHERS) On page 66, line 6, decrease the amount by On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1125 $17,700,000,000. $6,200,000,000. On page 66, line 7, decrease the amount by On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by Mr. THURMOND (for himself, Mr. $10,800,000,000. $10,000,000,000. MCCAIN, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. WARNER, On page 66, line 10, increase the amount by On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by Mr. COATS, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. KEMP- $15,100,000,000. $6,200,000,000. THORNE, Mr. LOTT, Mr. SMITH, Mr. On page 66, line 11, increase the amount by On page 66, line 10, decrease the amount by COHEN, Mr. SANTORUM, and Mr. STE- $11,700,000,000. $4,800,000,000. On page 66, line 13, decrease the amount by VENS) proposed an amendment to the On page 66, line 11, decrease the amount by $15,100,000,000. concurrent resolution S. Con. Res. 13, $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 14, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by supra; as follows: $11,700,000,000. $4,800,000,000. On page 11, line 7, increase the amount by On page 66, line 17, increase the amount by On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by $9,600,000,000. $11,300,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 11, line 8, increase the amount by On page 66, line 18, increase the amount by On page 66, line 17, decrease the amount by $4,000,000,000. $11,500,000,000. $10,000,000,000. On page 11, line 14, increase the amount by On page 66, line 20, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 18, decrease the amount by $15,900,000,000. $11,300,000,000. $3,400,000,000. On page 11, line 15, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by $8,300,000,000. $11,500,000,000. $10,000,000,000. On page 11, line 21, increase the amount by On page 66, line 24, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by $17,700,000,000. $11,400,000,000. $3,400,000,000. On page 11, line 22, increase the amount by On page 66, line 25, increase the amount by On page 66, line 24, decrease the amount by $10,800,000,000. $11,600,000,000. $10,000,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00120 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7257 On page 66, line 25, decrease the amount by On page 32, increase the amount on line 20 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 2 $6,200,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by On page 33, increase the amount on line 2 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 3 $10,000,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by On page 33, increase the amount on line 3 On page 67, decrease the amount on line 9 $6,200,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. On page 33, increase the amount on line 10 On page 67, line 6, decrease the amount by On page 67, decrease the amount on line 10 by $1,000,000,000. $10,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. On page 67, line 7, decrease the amount by On page 33, increase the amount on line 11 $6,200,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by On page 48, decrease the amount on line 10 $10,000,000,000. by $300,000,000. STEVENS (AND DOMENICI) On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by On page 48, decrease the amount on line 17 AMENDMENT NO. 1129 $6,200,000,000. by $300,000,000. On page 48, decrease the amount on line 24 Mr. STEVENS (for himself and Mr. by $300,000,000. DOMENICI) proposed an amendment to FEINGOLD (AND OTHERS) On page 48, decrease the amount on line 25 the concurrent resolution Senate Con- AMENDMENT NO. 1127 by $100,000,000. current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- Mr. FEINGOLD (for himself, Mr. On page 49, decrease the amount on line 6 lows: by $300,000,000. HOLLINGS, Mr. BYRD, Mr. NUNN, Mr. On page 49, decrease the amount on line 7 At the appropriate place in Title III of the BUMPERS, Mr. KERREY, Mr. ROBB, Mr. by $200,000,000. resolution insert the following new section: DORGAN, Mr. SIMON, Mrs. MURRAY, and On page 49, decrease the amount on line 13 SEC. . SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN) proposed an by $300,000,000. FULL FUNDING FOR DECADE OF THE amendment to the concurrent resolu- On page 49, decrease the amount on line 14 BRAIN RESEARCH. tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, by $300,000,000. (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— supra; as follows: On page 49, decrease the amount on line 20 (1) long term health care costs associated by $300,000,000. On page 74, strike beginning with line 8 with diseases and disorders of the brain have On page 49, decrease the amount on line 21 through page 75, line 22. a substantial impact on federal expenditures by $300,000,000. for Medicaid and Medicare, and on the earn- On page 50, decrease the amount on line 2 ing potential of the Nation; SNOWE (AND OTHERS) by $300,000,000. (2) to highlight the impact of brain dis- AMENDMENT NO. 1128 On page 50, decrease the amount on line 3 eases and disorders on the economy and well by $300,000,000. Ms. SNOWE (for herself, Mr. ABRA- being of the Nation the Congress has de- On page 54, decrease the amount on line 20 clared the 1990’s the Decade of the Brain; HAM, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. BROWN, Mrs. by $400,000,000. (3) meaningful research has been initiated KASSEBAUM, Mr. COHEN, Mr. LOTT, Mr. On page 54, decrease the amount on line 21 as part of the Decade of the Brain; CHAFEE, and Mr. SIMPSON) proposed an by $400,000,000. amendment to the concurrent resolu- On page 55, decrease the amount on line 2 (4) if fully funded this research could pro- by $500,000,000. vide important new medical breakthroughs; tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, and supra; as follows: On page 55, decrease the amount on line 3 by $500,000,000. (5) these breakthroughs could result in a On page 26, decrease the amount on line 20 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 9 significant reduction in costs to the Federal by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. Government. On page 26, decrease the amount on line 21 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 10 (b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense by $100,000,000. by $500,000,000. of the Congress that in furtherance of the On page 27, decrease the amount on line 3 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 16 goals of the Decade of the Brain the appro- by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. priate committees should seek to ensure On page 27, decrease the amount on line 4 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 17 that full funding is provided for research on by $300,000,000. by $500,000,000. brain diseases and disorders in each of the On page 27, decrease the amount on line 11 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 23 fiscal years to which this resolution applies. by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. On page 27, decrease the amount on line 12 On page 55, decrease the amount on line 24 by $300,000,000. by $500,000,000. BUMPERS (AND OTHERS) On page 27, decrease the amount on line 19 On page 56, decrease the amount on line 5 by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. AMENDMENT NO. 1130 On page 27, decrease the amount on line 20 On page 56, decrease the amount on line 6 Mr. BUMPERS (for himself, Mr. by $300,000,000. by $500,000,000. BRADLEY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. On page 28, decrease the amount on line 2 On page 56, decrease the amount on line 12 LIEBERMAN, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. EXON, Mr. by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. On page 28, decrease the amount on line 3 On page 56, decrease the amount on line 13 WELLSTONE, Mrs. BOXER, and Mrs. by $300,000,000. by $500,000,000. FEINSTEIN) proposed an amendment to On page 28, decrease the amount on line 10 On page 64, decrease the amount on line 9 the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- by $200,000,000. by $500,000,000. current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- On page 28, decrease the amount on line 11 On page 64, decrease the amount on line 10 lows: by $300,000,000. by $4,300,000,000. Strike line 7 on page 76 through line 12 on On page 28, decrease the amount on line 18 On page 64, decrease the amount on line 11 page 77. by $200,000,000. by $6,500,000,000. On page 28, decrease the amount on line 19 On page 65, decrease the amount on line 17 by $300,000,000. by $900,000,000. f On page 31, increase the amount on line 12 On page 65, decrease the amount on line 18 by $900,000,000. by $500,000,000. NOTICE OF HEARING On page 31, increase the amount on line 13 On page 65, decrease the amount on line 24 by $500,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION On page 31, increase the amount on line 20 On page 65, decrease the amount on line 25 Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I wish by $1,000,000,000. by $800,000,000. On page 31, increase the amount on line 21 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 6 to announce that the Committee on by $800,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. Rules and Administration will meet in On page 32, increase the amount on line 3 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 7 SR–301, Russell Senate Office Building, by $1,000,000,000. by $900,000,000. on Thursday, May 25, 1995, at 9:30 a.m., On page 32, increase the amount on line 4 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 13 to receive testimony on the reauthor- by $900,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. ization of the Federal Election Com- On page 32, increase the amount on line 11 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 14 mission. by $1,000,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. On page 32, increase the amount on line 12 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 20 For further information concerning by $1,000,000,000. by $1,000,000,000. this hearing, please contact Mark On page 32, increase the amount on line 19 On page 66, decrease the amount on line 21 Mackie of the committee staff on 224– by $1,000,000,000. by $1,100,000,000. 3448.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00121 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO committee on Parks, Historic Preser- teed Realistic. Parchment Paper Embossed MEET vation and Recreation of the Com- Gold Seals. U.S. Canada. All Or Any Eight mittee on Energy and Natural Re- $12.00 Cash, M.O. Same Day Service, Not COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND Government Document. FORESTRY sources be granted permission to meet ‘‘PHONY’’ DRIVER’S LICENSES! Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask during the session of the Senate on Free Information unanimous consent that the Com- Tuesday, May 23, 1995, for purposes of mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and conducting a subcommittee hearing Mr. GRASSLEY. This publication, Forestry be allowed to meet during the which is scheduled to begin at 2:30 p.m. which is openly available at super- session of the Senate on Tuesday, May The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without markets and convenience stores across 23, 1995, at 9:30 a.m., in SR–332. objection, it is so ordered. the country, contains advertisements The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without f for—in the words of one of the adver- tisements—phony drivers licenses. objection, it is so ordered. ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND Mr. President, I submit that there is TRANSPORTATION no socially redeeming use for phony Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask SUPPORT OF S. 507 drivers licenses. Indeed, the only con- ceivable use of such documents is to unanimous consent that the Com- ∑ Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I am mittee on Commerce, Science, and subvert State and Federal law. And as pleased to be an original cosponsor of the Supreme Court recently reaffirmed Transportation be allowed to meet dur- S. 507, the False Identification Act of ing the Tuesday May 23, 1995 session of in United States verses Lopez, on page 1995, and I wish to congratulate the dis- 9 of the slip opinion, ‘‘The power of the Senate for the purpose of con- tinguished Senator from South Dakota ducting an oversight hearing on Congress to keep the channels of inter- for offering this important piece of leg- state commerce free from immoral and NASA’s Space Station program. islation. S. 507 makes it a crime to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without injurious uses has been frequently sus- transport through the mails false driv- tained, and it is no longer open to ques- objection, it is so ordered. ers licenses and other forms of ID to COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS tion.’’ Simply put, Mr. President, S. 507 minors and lowers the number of false helps to ensure that interstate com- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask forms of ID necessary to trigger crimi- unanimous consent that the Com- merce will not be used to further im- nal liability from 5 to 3. And what do moral activities, like providing chil- mittee on Foreign Relations be author- children do with phony drivers li- ized to meet during the session of the dren with phony drivers licenses so censes? They purchase beer and liquor, that they can purchase liquor and beer Senate on Tuesday, May 23, 1995, at 10 gain admittance to bars and taverns, a.m. illegally. That is why I am pleased to and purchase pornographic materials. support S. 507. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without A lot has been said recently about the objection, it is so ordered. From the beginning of our country, need to protect our children from grow- States have prohibited the sale of liq- COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS ing up too fast. S. 507 is an important uor to children. S. 507 helps those Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask step in that direction, by striking at States by providing Federal help to unanimous consent on behalf of the unscrupulous, profiteering adults who combat what is essentially a Federal Governmental Affairs Committee to provide children with the means of ob- problem—the interstate transfer of meet on Tuesday, May 23, 1995, at 11 taining liquor and pornography. false forms of ID to children. I urge my a.m. for a nomination hearing. Let me be clear on one fact about colleagues to support S. 507. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without this legislation and the illicit sale of objection, it is so ordered. false identification which is not men- f COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS tioned in the body of S. 507. The dis- THE DEATH OF LES ASPIN Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask tribution of false ID cards directly in- ∑ Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, this unanimous consent on behalf of the volves interstate commerce, Mr. Presi- morning’s Washington Post carried a Government Affairs Committee to dent. fine editorial describing the long and meet on Tuesday, May 23, at 2:30 p.m. I ask that a copy of advertisements, distinguished public career of the Hon- for a nomination hearing. from the National Examiner be printed orable Les Aspin, the former Secretary The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without in the RECORD. of Defense and our former colleague. objection, it is so ordered. The material follows: The editorial observed that Secretary COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES MISCELLANEOUS Aspin ‘‘was above all a man engaged in Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask I.D. CARDS $10 the most important, high-stakes issues unanimous consent that the Com- Professional high quality equipment, ex- of his time.’’ mittee on Labor and Human Resources pert settings, lamination. Outsmarts com- Having read this excellent account of be authorized to meet for a hearing on petition. Money back guarantee. Les Aspin’s three decades of service to the oversight of the EEOC, during the PHOTO ID $8.00 his country, I do not know what more session of the Senate on Tuesday, May Professionally Laminated Processed with I could say about my friend. I would 23, 1995, at 9 a.m. Drivers License Equipment. Avoid Cheap accordingly ask that the editorial from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Imitations and Embarrassment. Free Blank today’s Washington Post be printed in Birth Certificate not a Government docu- objection, it is so ordered. the RECORD, and I urge every Senator SUBCOMMITTEE ON FORESTS AND PUBLIC LAND ment. Cash MO Fastest Service Guaranteed, Two $15.00 Photo Complete Description. to read it. MANAGEMENT The editorial follows: BLANK CERTIFICATES Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask [From the Washington Post, May 23, 1995] unanimous consent that the Sub- Birth, Baptismal, Highschool, College, LES ASPIN committee on Forests and Public Land Marriage, Divorce, Awards, Wills. Guaran- Management of the Committee on En- teed Realistic, Parchment Paper Embossed We are trying to recall a moment in the Gold Seals. U.S. Canada. All Or Any Eight past several decades when someone or ergy and Natural Resources be granted $12.00 Cash, M.O. Same Day Service, Not other—or this political group or that party permission to meet during the session Government Document. wing or the other lobby—wasn’t mad at Les of the Senate on Tuesday, May 23, 1995, PHOTO ID $8.00 Aspin. And we come up empty. That is be- for purposes of conducting a sub- cause the former defense secretary and Professionally Laminated Processed with chairman of the House Armed Services Com- committee hearing which is scheduled Drivers License Equipment. Avoid Cheap mittee, who died of a stroke at the age of 56 to begin at 9:30 a.m. Imitations and Embarrassment. Free Blank on Sunday, was above all a man engaged in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Birth Certificate not a Government docu- the most important, high-stakes issues of his objection, it is so ordered. ment. Cash MO Fastest Service Guaranteed, time. From his days as a college academic Two $15.00 Photo Complete Description. SUBCOMMITTEE ON PARKS, HISTORIC star and then a Defense Department whiz PRESERVATION AND RECREATION BLANK CERTIFICATES kid, as an internal government Vietnam War Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask Birth, Baptismal, Highschool, College, critic, a teacher and, for 22 years, a member unanimous consent that the Sub- Marriage, Divorce, Awards, Wills. Guaran- of Congress from Wisconsin, Les Aspin never

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00122 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7259 lost either his capacity to master the most around town in his 1968 red convertible tional officeholder. Simon set his policy complicated issues of public policy or his Ford Mustang, smiling and waving to when he left the newspaper publishing busi- frankly kid-like, ebullient enthusiasm for everyone he passed. And who could for- ness he had established to enter public serv- trying to resolve them. He was also a politi- get his old fishing hat, an item he ice during his eight years in the Illinois cian, and generally a pretty successful one. House of Representatives, six years in the Il- Some of the problems Mr. Aspin had, espe- would never leave the house without. linois Senate, four years as lieutenant gov- cially on the Hill, were the all but inevitable The World War II veteran was elected ernor, 10 years in the U.S. House of Rep- lot of anyone trying to navigate the shoals Kenton County commissioner in 1984, a resentatives and now 10 years in the U.S. of military defense policy in a (then) major- victory that is in the record books and Senate. The listing predates disclosure re- ity Democratic Party that was bitterly and the subject of political trivia questions quirements of state and federal law and con- irreconcilably divided between hawks and across the Bluegrass State. Dick was tinues to exceed those requirements. Senate doves; unsurprisingly, his maneuverings as the first Republican in 75 years to win rules today require only the listing of in- chairman of Armed Services frequently infu- a seat on the fiscal court. He also come within broad brackets. SIMON’S prac- riated one or the other side, especially in the served as a member of the Kenton tice also has set the standard for many of- unending struggle over developing weapons ficeholders in Illinois. systems. His own inclinations evolved from County GOP executive committee, the Simon also continues to exceed Senate re- the more dovish to the more hawkish over Northern Kentucky Area Planning quirements by listing detailed income for his the years. As Bill Clinton’s first defense sec- Commission, the Boone-Kenton Cable wife, Jeanne. retary, Mr. Aspin had the equally chal- TV Board, and he was a founding mem- The Illinois senator lists 1994 income for lenging job of trying to reconcile Pentagon ber of the Northern Kentucky Salva- himself and Jeanne Simon totaling $206,287. thinking with Democratic Party thinking in tion Army Advisory Board. The figure includes PAUL SIMON’s Senate sal- the matter of Mr. Clinton’s proposals for al- With all his political activities you ary, Jeanne Simon’s per diem compensation tering the status of gays in the military. His would think that Dick wouldn’t have as chair of the National Commission on Li- most notable accomplishment as secretary brary and Information Science, and reim- was the review of Pentagon budgeting and time for anything else. But that wasn’t bursements to Paul and Jeanne Simon for procurement procedures that he worked up the case, he always found time for his travel and other expenses. in his 11 months there. His most notable pub- true loves: his family and his commu- The Simons had assets of $514,579.79 and li- lic stand was that taken—rightly, in our nity. abilities of $124,667.44 for a net worth of view—in support of President Bush’s policy He kept busy in the community by $389,912.35. Earlier disclosures have shown on Kuwait at a time when so many other getting involved in the Fort Mitchell SIMON to be one of the least wealthy mem- Democratic Party leaders in Congress were Kiwanis and Optimist clubs, the North- bers of the United States Senate. in doubt or in flight. ern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce, The detailed 1994 financial report of Sen- Mr. Aspin was humiliated by being pushed ator Paul Simon follows: out of the Defense Department by Mr. Clin- and the American Animal Association. His care and support for stray animals Income Statement of Paul and Jeanne Simon— ton and the other rivalrous members of Mr. 1994 Clinton’s national security team. But the was even recognized by the animal General income (Paul thing about the former defense secretary was rights community, who endorsed his Simon): that he couldn’t stay humiliated or give vent candidacy. Dick would go out of his Salary, U.S. Senate ...... $133,870.00 to personal bitterness over such things. He way to help his animal friends. He State of Illinois, General came back to serve as head of the Clinton ad- would even go as far as leaving his ga- Assembly System ...... 21,632.64 visory group reviewing national intelligence. rage door open at night so any stray Book Royalties ...... 10,315.31 The faults for which Mr. Aspin was allegedly U.S. Senate, Expense Re- fired—imprecision, inability to manage the animal could have a safe haven from imbursement ...... 320.80 huge defense establishment and slowness in the elements. Paul Simon Official Of- coming to clear-cut action decisions—were Dick was also a deacon at Fort fice Account, Expense presumably real. Such defects would cer- Mitchell Baptist Church for more than Reimbursement ...... 209.55 tainly go with the general makeup of the 35 years. There wasn’t a Sunday that Earnings, IRA ...... 1,011.99 man: intellectually restless, always turning went by that Dick wasn’t standing out- Dana College, Meal Re- the thing over and over in his mind, more side the church greeting every parish- fund ...... 47.50 given to trying to imagine and grasp all the ioner that walked through the doors. Blue Cross/Blue Shield, aspects of a problem than to measuring or To some it may have seemed like a Insurance Reimburse- indexing them. We can understand how this small gesture, but to churchgoers it ment ...... 546.84 came to grief for Mr. Aspin in the Clinton Vermont Ties, Refund .... 12.00 administration. But you need only read the wasn’t a Sunday without seeing his smiling face. His absence at church last Critic’s Choice Video, recently published confessional book by Mr. Refund ...... 4.99 Aspin’s predecessor and onetime employer, Sunday was felt by members young and Sale, 1983 Mustang ...... 1,500.00 Robert McNamara, to understand, as well, old, including a young boy who cried General income (Jeanne that an opposite, superefficient turn of mind when he didn’t see Dick at the church’s Simon): is not exactly the key to defense policy sal- door. Salary, Emeritus Foun- vation. Maybe Les Aspin was the wrong man Mr. President, I ask you to join me in dation ...... 4,540.55 for his months in the Clinton Cabinet. The extending my heartfelt sympathy and Social Security, (En- same cannot in any respect be said of his prayers to his family and to all those tirely donated to chari- roughly three decades of productive public table causes) ...... 5,154.00 service.∑ whose lives he touched. Dick, will be missed.∑ U.S. Department of Edu- f cation, (National Com- f TRIBUTE TO DICK COMBS mission on Libraries THE 40TH ANNUAL DETAILED FI- and Information ∑ Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I NANCIAL REPORT OF SENATOR Science ...... 16,202.88 rise today to mourn the death of a Distribution from IRA .... 800.00 PAUL SIMON close friend, Mr. Dick Combs. Dick died Earnings, IRA ...... 532.03 last Wednesday from complications ∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, it has Simon for Senate, Ex- after heart surgery. been my practice in each of the 40 pense Reimbursement 74.58 Over the years, he touched the lives years I have spent in public life to vol- U.S. Government, Travel unteer a detailed accounting of my fi- Expense Reimburse- of many people in northern Kentucky. ment ...... 5,027.34 Dick was a very special man, but one nances. I ask that my financial report for Nevada Library Associa- thing in particular made him one of a tion, Travel Expense kind. It was his trademark green comb. 1994 be printed in the RECORD. Reimbursement ...... 340.00 Everytime he introduced himself to The financial report and related an- American Library Asso- someone he would hand them a green nouncement follow: ciation, Travel Expense pocket comb with his name on it. ANNOUNCEMENT Reimbursement ...... 264.00 There’s probably not a person in north- For the 40th consecutive year that he has American Library Asso- ciation, Expense Reim- ern Kentucky that hasn’t combed his held public office, U.S. Senator Paul Simon, D–Ill., has released a detailed description of bursement ...... 103.00 or her hair with a comb from Dick. But his income, assets and liabilities. Southwest Library Asso- this wasn’t his only trademark, he was Simon has been making the voluntary an- ciation, Expense Reim- also seen nearly everyday driving nual statements longer than any other na- bursement ...... 367.32

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00123 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0655 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Paula Swift, Luncheon Stock and Bond holdings Pacific Gas & Electric, 40 975.00 Reimbursement ...... 15.00 with number of shares: Pepsico Inc. North Caro- Medicare, Reimburse- Cash and Smith Barney lina, 42 ...... 1,522.50 ment ...... 91.72 Money Fund, Inc...... 1,773.26 Sara Lee Corp., 20 ...... 505.00 Delta Kappa Gamma, Adams Express Co., Speech—Donated to Maryland 440 Shares .... 6,875.00 Total ...... 14,254.31 Neval Thomas School .. 100.00 Bethlehem Steel, 5 Medical Care, Reim- Shares ...... 90.00 Total assets ...... 514,579.79 bursement ...... 35.00 Dreyfus Municipal Bond Interest income: Fund, 1,650 Shares ...... 19,189.50 Liabilities: Dreyfus Growth & In- U.S. Senate Federal Polish National Insur- come, 246.804 Shares .... 3,857.55 Credit Union ...... 149.81 ance, Loan ...... 1,584.48 Franklin Fund, 1,137.165 General American Life ... 206.85 General American Insur- Shares ...... 1,137.16 Polich National Alliance ance, Loan ...... 3,021.15 General Mills, Inc., 45 of U.S.A...... 43.73 LaSalle Talman Home Shares ...... 2,570.63 South Shore Bank of Chi- Mortgage Corp...... 117,515.06 Harcourt General, Inc., 7 cago ...... 29.48 U.S. Senate Federal Shares ...... 246.75 Dividends: Credit Union, Signa- Intergroup, Inc., 25 Adams Express ...... 644.14 ture Loan ...... 2,546.75 General Mills ...... 63.45 Shares ...... 662.50 Union One ...... 53 Jet-Lite, 120 (Approxi- Total liabilities ...... 124,667.44 Mattel Inc De ...... 5.70 mate) ...... 300.00 McDonalds Corp ...... 3.00 Lands End Inc., 44 Shares 605.00 Quaker Oats ...... 6.52 Liberte Inves., 100 Shares 175.00 Total assets ...... 514,579.79 Scott Paper Co...... 6.40 Mattel, Inc., 25 Shares .... 628.13 Total liabilities ...... 124,667.44 Dreyfus Growth & In- McDonalds, 25 Shares ..... 731.25 Net worth ...... 389,912.35 come Fund ...... 121.31 Pacific Gas & Electric, Dreyfus Municipal Bond 268 Shares ...... 6,532.50 Fund, ($116.49, Re- Pax World Fund, 179.813 GIFTS, RECEIVED OF MORE THAN $25.00 VALUE, ported—$1,220.21 Ex- Shares ...... 2,407.70 OUTSIDE IMMEDIATE FAMILY 1 empt) ...... 1,336.69 Quaker Oats Co., 8 Book from ‘‘B’’ Rappaport—$25.00; Franklin Money Fund .... 209.72 Shares ...... 246.00 Bow ties from William H. Zarafonetis— Wal-Mart Stores ...... 15.36 Rohr Industries, Inc., 6 Value under $250.00; Pacific Gas & Electric .... 131.92 Shares ...... 62.25 Charles Adams book from Senator Connie Pax World Fund ...... 89.90 Scott Paper Co., 8 Shares 553.00 Mack—$29.95; Texas Instruments ...... 10.32 Scudder Growth & In- Book from the Commercial Club of Chi- General Cinema Corp...... 23.98 come Fund, 68.246 cago—Value under 250.00; Harcourt General, Inc. ... 4.27 Shares ...... 1,110.30 Book, Sarajevo, from Warner Books— Scudder Service Corp. .... 48.92 Texas Instruments, 12 $29.95; Smith Barney Daily Div- Shares ...... 898.50 Wall Clock from Chicago Lighthouse for idend Funds Inc., Cash United M & M, Inc., 8 the Blind—Value under $250.00; Portfolio ...... 14.77 Shares ...... 1.75 Fruit from Larry Goodman—Value under Smith Barney Money Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 96 $250.00; Funds Inc...... 1.19 Shares ...... 2,040.00 Hugo Black biography from Neil Bluhm and Wayne Whalen—Value under $250.00; Total income ...... 206,287.00 IRA—Paul Food Items from RJR Nabisco—Value Paul and Jeanne Simon—Net worth statement, Common Stock: under $250.00; December 31, 1994 Smith Barney Money Glass Art Object from Larry Goodman— Funds Inc. Govern- Value under $250.00; General assets: ment Portfolio ...... 416.16 Food Samples from Quaker Oats and the First Bank of Smith Barney Utilities National Food Processors Association— Carbondale, Checking Fund ...... 1,187.54 Value under $250.00; Account ...... $210.93 Adams Express Co. Flowers from Phil Corboy and Mary Credit Union, Rantoul .... 27.22 Maryland, 676 ...... 10,562.50 Dempsey—Value under $250.00; U.S. Senate Federal Lands End, 34 ...... 467.50 1836 Newspaper, The Sangamo Journal of Credit Union, Checking Mattel Inc. De., 88 ...... 2,211.00 Springfield from Stan Glass—Value under Account ...... 1,794.01 Pacific Enterprises, 56 1,190.00 $250.00; U.S. Senate Federal Pacific Gas & Electric, Book from the Embassy of Morocco—Value Credit Union, Savings 40 ...... 975.00 under $100.00; Account ...... 150.13 Pepsico Inc-North Book on Indonesia from the Indonesian South Shore Bank of Chi- Carolina, 32 ...... 1,160.00 Forestry Community—Value under $100.00; cago, Savings Account 1,082.41 Price Enterprises, 51 .... 656.63 Table cloth from the President of Benin— Loan, Senator Paul Quaker Oats Co., 284 .... 8,733.00 Value under $100.00; Simon Official Office Sara Lee Corp., 20 ...... 505.00 Artwork from the Foreign Minister of Account ...... 100.00 Servicemaster Ltd Vietnam—Value under $100.00; U.S. Savings Bonds ...... 1,838.00 Partnership Pub Landscape painting from the Government Deposit, Harbour Square Partnership Shs., 27 .. 658.13 of Mongolia (Waiver granted, see attached Apartments ...... 50.00 Southwest Water Co. letter from U.S. Senate Select Committee on General American Life De., 86 ...... 731.00 Ethics.)—$175.00. Insurance, Cash Value Southwestern Energy 1 The law requires disclosure only of gifts of $250.00 and Deposit ...... 10,099.51 Co., 48 ...... 714.00 and over. Paul Simon’s statement includes all non- Polish National Alliance Tootsie Roll Industries, family gifts of more than $25.00, whatever the Insurance, Cash Value 22 ...... 1,353.00 source. and Deposit ...... 3,751.58 Preferred Stock: The law prohibits members of the Senate from ac- Congressional Retire- McDonalds Corp Depos- cepting gifts of more than $100 from foreign govern- ments or officials. ment System, Cash itory Shares, 18 U.S. SENATE, Value ...... 88,104.78 Shares ...... 438.75 SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS, Thrift Savings Plan ...... 31,635.10 Washington, DC, March 6, 1995. 11.8 Acres & Home, Total ...... 31,959.21 Hon. PAUL SIMON, Makanda, IL., (Ap- U.S. Senate, praised 1987 at IRA—Jeanne Washington, DC. $204,000)—Plus Im- Smith Barney Money DEAR SENATOR SIMON: This is in response provements ...... 235,350.00 Funds, Inc. Govern- to a report which you filed with this Com- Furniture and Presi- ment Portfolio ...... 137.75 mittee concerning your receipt of a land- dential Autograph Col- Smith Barney Utilities scape painting valued at $150–$175, from the lection ...... 18,000.00 Fund ...... 848.43 Government of Mongolia. 1991 Chevrolet ...... 9,000.00 Adams Express Co. Mary- In your report you request that the Select 1995 GEO Prism ...... 14,478.87 land, 657 ...... 10,265.63 Committee, as the designated agency for

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00124 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7261 Members, officers, and employees of the Sen- Hawaii after a lifetime of dedicated cial for people on both sides of these ate for purposes of the Foreign Gifts and service to the students and people of issues to understand fully the current Decorations Act, approve the deposit of the Hawaii. He retires after a distinguished state of the law regarding prayer in gift with the Secretary of the Senate for offi- 25-year tenure as director of bands at schools and other public places. Only cial use, as provided by Section 7342(c)(2)(B) of the Act. It is our understanding that the the university and professor of music, by understanding what is and is not al- painting will be displayed in your office dur- emeritus. lowed under current Supreme Court ing the period of official use. Professor Lum’s contribution to con- cases involving the Constitution’s reli- The Committee approves your request that cert and band music has brought him gion clauses and under other laws re- the gift be deposited with the Secretary of many well-deserved accolades and hon- garding religion can we intelligently the Senate for official use, and further ap- ors. In the span of his long musical ca- determine whether the proposed proves your request that the official use of reer, he has earned and garnered more changes to these laws make sense. this gift shall be its display and use in your awards and has been recognized by In the hopes of beginning this edu- Senate office. Because this gift remains the property of the United States, you must ad- more organizations than any other per- cational process, I will ask to have vise this Committee and the office of the son I can think of. Mahalo, Dick, for printed in the RECORD a short report Secretary of the Senate of any proposed your complete commitment to music. entitled ‘‘Religion in the Public change in the use or location of the gift. Professor Lum has been rightfully Schools: A Joint Statement of Current The Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act re- credited for building our State’s con- Law.’’ This publication, prepared with quires that the painting be returned to the cert and marching bands into nation- the endorsements of 35 organizations, Secretary of the Senate within thirty days ally recognized organizations. He laid sets forth in a detailed and clear way after terminating the approved ‘‘official the foundation for the McKinley High the state of the law regarding numer- use’’. The Act also requires that the ‘‘official School Band to gain national promi- use’’ will be deemed to have been terminated ous religion/school issues: from the upon your leaving the Senate, or upon the nence and is the person primarily re- question of what types of student pray- use of the gift for a purpose other than that sponsible for the growth of band pro- er are constitutionally protected, to specifically approved by this Committee. grams in Hawaii. His vision, hard work, the question of whether students may Sincerely, and grooming of young band directors be exempted from wearing particular VICTOR BAIRD, made possible the tremendous growth types of gym clothing that they regard, ∑ Staff Director and Chief Counsel. of the many fine programs that exist on religious grounds, as immodest. f today. As the preface to this report states: MORGAN VILLAGE MIDDLE Dick served as president of the Ha- ‘‘On some of the issues discussed in SCHOOL STUDENTS VISIT TO waii Music Educators Association and this summary, some of the organiza- WASHINGTON, D.C. is the founder and past president of the tions, have urged the courts to reach Oahu Band Directors Association. He positions different than they did.’’ ∑ Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. President, was also State chairman of the College However, the 35 organizations that on Friday, May 19, 1995, a group of stu- Band Directors National Association have issued this report agree that the dents from Camden, NJ, visited Wash- and the National Band Association. He statements on the law included in the ington, DC, to learn about their Gov- has guest conducted the United States report provide an accurate overview of ernment in our Nation’s capital. Ap- of America Armed Services Bicenten- the law regarding religion in schools. proximately 100 of my constituents, nial Band from Ft. Meade, MD, the Given this agreement, the report pro- from Morgan Village Middle School, University of Tennessee Band, the Ari- vides a valuable service to those of us traveled from my home State of New zona State University Band, and other striving to understand these important Jersey and met with representatives outstanding university bands. In 1971, and highly charged issues. from my office and other agencies. Un- Richard was invited to membership in At the outset of the debate, I have fortunately, only half of this group was the American Bandmasters Associa- heard a lot about how our courts have able to visit the U.S. Senate gallery to tion, and in 1973, was inducted into the kept and continue to keep religion out personally witness a historic vote and prestigious Phi Beta Mu as honorary of our schools. It is my hope that this observe the procedures of the Senate. national member. In 1978, he was se- report will help demonstrate that the I regret that I was unable to meet lected by the School Musician Maga- relationship between religion and edu- with these future leaders myself, and I zine as one of the outstanding conduc- cation is in fact a far more complex very much regret some of them could tors in the United States and Canada one that cannot be described in abso- not get into the Senate gallery. I en- for the school year 1974–75. In 1979, he lute terms. Religion and education co- courage all of them to continue pur- was selected by the All-American mag- exist today in a delicate balance, and if suing their interest in government and azine as Band Director of the Year. we choose to disrupt this balance, we politics, for their involvement will de- Mr. President, I ask my colleagues to should understand exactly what we are termine the future of our country. I am join me, his family, friends, and peers doing. This report is an important step gratified to know that young people in honoring Prof. Richard S. Lum for in the direction of understanding, and I are learning about the important this outstanding contribution to music urge each of my colleagues to devote issues facing our country and the world in our State and country. Mahalo, some time to it in the upcoming weeks. today. They should be commended for Dick, for everything you have done for I ask that the report be printed in their concern about the impact today’s music in your lifetime, and your excel- the RECORD. legislation will have on the future. We lence in service. Thank you for a job The report follows: must all recognize that the views and well-done and may God’s blessing be concerns of our youth are of the ut- with you and your family.∑ RELIGION IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A JOINT STATEMENT OF CURRENT LAW, APRIL 1995 most importance, and I hope they will f continue to share them with their The Constitution permits much private re- elected representatives as they grow RELIGION IN SCHOOLS ligious activity in and about the public ∑ ∑ schools. Unfortunately, this aspect of con- older. Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, on May 17 stitutional law is not as well known as it f the Christian Coalition announced its should be. Some say that the Supreme Court ‘‘Contract With the American Family,’’ IN HONOR OF RICHARD S. LUM, has declared the public schools ‘‘religion-free a cornerstone of which is a constitu- zones’’ or that the law is so murky that RETIRING PROFESSOR OF MUSIC, tional amendment to allow ‘‘communal school officials cannot know what is legally EMERITUS, AT THE UNIVERSITY prayer in public places, such as permissible. The former claim is simply OF HAWAII schools, high school graduation cere- wrong. And as to the latter, while there are ∑ Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, it is a monies, and courthouses.’’ some difficult issues, much has been settled. pleasure and a privilege for me to rise The coalition’s ‘‘communal prayer’’ It is also unfortunately true that public school officials, due to their busy schedules, today on the floor of the Senate to proposal will surely provide the basis may not be as fully aware of this body of law honor my dear friend and college class- for some spirited debate in Congress in as they could be. As a result, in some school mate, Prof. Richard ‘‘Dick’’ S. Lum, on the upcoming months. Before this de- districts some of these rights are not being his retirement from the University of bate begins, however, I think it is cru- observed.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00125 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 The organizations whose names appear erature (either as a separate course or within hand. In a discussion of Hamlet’s sanity, for below span the ideological, religious and po- some other existing course), are all permis- example, a student may not interject views litical spectrum. They nevertheless share a sible public school subjects. It is both per- on creationism. commitment both to the freedom of religious missible and desirable to teach objectively DISTRIBUTION OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE practice and to the separation of church and about the role of religion in the history of 9. Students have the right to distribute re- state such freedom requires. In that spirit, the United States and other countries. One ligious literature to their schoolmates, sub- we offer this statement of consensus on cur- can teach that the Pilgrims came to this ject to those reasonable time, place, and rent law as an aid to parents, educators and country with a particular religious vision, manner or other constitutionally-acceptable students. that Catholics and others have been subject restrictions imposed on the distribution of Many of the organizations listed below are to persecution or that many of those partici- all non-school literature. Thus, a school may actively involved in litigation about religion pating in the abolitionist, women’s suffrage confine distribution of all literature to a par- in the schools. On some of the issues dis- and civil rights movements had religious ticular table at particular times. It may not cussed in this summary, some of the organi- motivations. single out religious literature for burden- zations have urged the courts to reach posi- 6. These same rules apply to the recurring some regulation. tions different than they did. Though there controversy surrounding theories of evo- 10. Outsiders may not be given access to are signatories on both sides which have and lution. Schools may teach about expla- the classroom to distribute religious or anti- will press for different constitutional treat- nations of life on earth, including religious religious literature. No court has yet consid- ments of some of the topics discussed below, ones (such as ‘‘creationism’’), in comparative ered whether, if all other community groups they all agree that the following is an accu- religion or social studies classes. In science are permitted to distribute literature in rate statement of what the law currently is. class, however, they may present only genu- common areas of public schools, religious STUDENT PRAYERS inely scientific critiques of, or evidence for, groups must be allowed to do so on equal 1. Students have the right to pray individ- any explanation of life on earth, but not reli- terms subject to reasonable time, place and ually or in groups or to discuss their reli- gious critiques (beliefs unverifiable by sci- manner restrictions. gious views with their peers so long as they entific methodology). Schools may not are not disruptive. Because the Establish- refuse to teach evolutionary theory in order ‘‘SEE YOU AT THE POLE’’ ment Clause does not apply to purely private to avoid giving offense to religion nor may 11. Student participation in before- or speech, students enjoy the right to read their they circumvent these rules by labeling as after-school events, such as ‘‘see you at the bibles or other scriptures, say grace before science an article of religious faith. Public pole,’’ is permissible. School officials, acting meals, pray before tests, and discuss religion schools must not teach as scientific fact or in an official capacity, may neither discour- with other willing student listeners. In the theory any religious doctrine, including age nor encourage participation in such an classroom students have the right to pray ‘‘creationism,’’ although any genuinely sci- event. quietly except when required to be actively entific evidence for or against any expla- RELIGIOUS PERSUASION VERSUS RELIGIOUS engaged in school activities (e.g., students nation of life may be taught. Just as they HARASSMENT may not decide to pray just as a teacher may neither advance nor inhibit any reli- 12. Students have the right to speak to, calls on them). In informal settings, such as gious doctrine, teachers should not ridicule, and attempt to persuade, their peers about the cafeteria or in the halls, students may for example, a student’s religious expla- religious topics just as they do with regard pray either audibly or silently, subject to nation for life on earth. to political topics. But school officials the same rules of order as apply to other STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS AND RELIGION should intercede to stop student religious speech in these locations. However, the right to engage in voluntary prayer does not in- 7. Students may express their religious be- speech if it turns into religious harassment clude, for example, the right to have a cap- liefs in the form of reports, homework and aimed at a student or a small group of stu- tive audience listen or to compel other stu- artwork, and such expressions are constitu- dents. While it is constitutionally permis- dents to participate. tionally protected. Teachers may not reject sible for a student to approach another and or correct such submissions simply because issue an invitation to attend church, re- GRADUATION PRAYER AND BACCALAUREATES they include a religious symbol or address peated invitations in the face of a request to 2. School officials may not mandate or or- religious themes. Likewise, teachers may stop constitute harassment. Where this line ganize prayer at graduation, nor may they not require students to modify, include or is to be drawn in particular cases will depend organize a religious baccalaureate ceremony. excise religious views in their assignments, on the age of the students and other cir- If the school generally rents out its facilities if germane. These assignments should be cumstances. to private groups, it must rent them out on judged by ordinary academic standards of the same terms, and on a first-come first- EQUAL ACCESS ACT substance, relevance, appearance and gram- served basis, to organizers of privately spon- 13. Student religious clubs in secondary mar. schools must be permitted to meet and to sored religious baccalaureate services, pro- 8. Somewhat more problematic from a vided that the school does not extend pref- have equal access to campus media to an- legal point of view are other public expres- erential treatment to the baccalaureate nounce their meetings, if a school receives sions of religious views in the classroom. Un- ceremony and the school disclaims official federal funds and permits any student non- fortunately for school officials, there are endorsement of the program. curricular club to meet during non-instruc- 3. The courts have reached conflicting con- traps on either side of this issue, and it is tional time. This is the command of the clusions under the federal Constitution on possible that litigation will result no matter Equal Access Act. A non-curricular club is student-initiated prayer at graduation. Until what course is taken. It is easier to describe any club not related directly to a subject the issue is authoritively resolved, schools the settled cases than to state clear rules of taught or soon-to-be taught in the school. should ask their lawyers what rules apply in law. Schools must carefully steer between Although schools have the right to ban all their area. the claims of student speakers who assert a non-curriculum clubs, they may not dodge right to express themselves on religious sub- OFFICIAL PARTICIPATION OR ENCOURAGEMENT the law’s requirement by the expedient of de- jects and the asserted rights of student lis- OF RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY claring all clubs curriculum-related. On the teners to be free of unwelcome religious per- 4. Teachers and school administrators, other hand, teachers may not actively par- suasion in a public school classroom. ticipate in club activities and ‘‘non-school when acting in those capacities, are rep- a. Religious or anti-religious remarks persons’’ may not control or regularly at- resentatives of the state, and, in those ca- made in the ordinary course of classroom tend club meeting. pacities, are themselves prohibited from en- discussion or student presentations are per- The Act’s constitutionality has been couraging or soliciting student religious or missible and constitute a protected right. If upheld by the Supreme Court, rejecting anti-religious activity. Similarly, when act- in a sex education class a student remarks claims that the Act violates the Establish- ing in their official capacities, teachers may that abortion should be illegal because God ment Clause. The Act’s requirements are de- not engage in religious activities with their has prohibited it, a teacher should not si- scribed in more detail in The Equal Access Act students. However, teachers may engage in lence the remark, ridicule it, rule it out of and the Public Schools: Questions and Answers private religious activity in faculty lounges. bounds or endorse it, any more than a teach- on the Equal Access Act*, a pamphlet pub- TEACHING ABOUT RELIGION er may silence a student’s religiously-based lished by a broad spectrum of religious and comment in favor of choice. 5. Students may be taught about religion, civil liberties groups. but public schools may not teach religion. As b. If a class assignment calls for an oral the U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly said, presentation on a subject of the student’s RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS ‘‘[i]t might well be said that one’s education choosing, and, for example, the student re- 14. Generally, public schools may teach is not complete without a study of compara- sponds by conducting a religious service, the about religious holidays, and may celebrate tive religion, or the history of religion and school has the right—as well as the duty—to the secular aspects of the holiday and objec- its relationship to the advancement of civili- prevent itself from being used as a church. tively teach about their religious aspects. zation.’’ It would be difficult to teach art, Other students are not voluntarily in attend- They may not observe the holidays as reli- music, literature and most social studies ance and cannot be forced to become an un- gious events. Schools should generally ex- without considering religious influences. willing congregation. cuse students who do not wish to participate The history of religion, comparative reli- c. Teachers may rule out-of-order religious in holiday events. Those interested in fur- gion, the Bible (or other scripture)-as-lit- remarks that are irrelevant to the subject at ther details should see Religious Holidays in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00126 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7263 the Public Schools: Questions and Answers*, a have a constitutional right to criticize peared before the General Assembly to pamphlet published by a broad spectrum of their government and the institutions plead successfully for his country’s ad- religious and civil liberties groups. of this Nation. This right not only ap- mission to the United Nations. EXCUSAL FROM RELIGIOUSLY-OBJECTIONABLE plies to people we like—our neighbors In 1950, Abba Eban was appointed LESSONS and our friends—it also applies to peo- Israel’s Ambassador to the United 15.Schools enjoy substantial discretion to ple we do not like and associations we States. At 35, he was the youngest per- excuse individual students from lessons do not care for. This right must be pre- son to hold such a high rank in Wash- which are objectionable to that student or to served. ington’s diplomatic corps. his or her parent on the basis of religion. Schools can exercise that authority in ways The Oklahoma City bombing has also In 1959, after returning to Israel, Mr. which would defuse many conflicts over cur- sparked a debate about militia groups Eban was elected to the Israeli Knesset riculum content. If it is proved that par- in our country. People have every right as a member of the Labor Party. He ticular lessons substantially burden a stu- to join organizations. However, I have joined the Cabinet as Minister Without dent’s free exercise of religion and if the heard some militia leaders say the Fed- Portfolio, was appointed Minister of school cannot prove a compelling interest in eral Government is their avowed Education and Culture in 1960, and in requiring attendance the school would be le- enemy when they have been inter- 1963, he became Deputy Prime Minister gally required to excuse the student. viewed on television programs. Some of under Prime Minister Levi Eshkol. TEACHING VALUES them talk in terms of violence and bat- In 1966, Mr. Eban became Israel’s 16. Schools may teach civic virtues, includ- tles. I think that is an unhealthy atti- Minister for Foreign Affairs, a position ing honesty, good citizenship, sportsman- tude and I think that thinking can lead he held until June 1974. ship, courage, respect for the rights and free- to violence. Through the years, Mr. Eban has doms of others, respect for persons and their I want to emphasize my commitment property, civility, the dual virtues of moral been recognized in numerous arenas for conviction and tolerance and hard work. to preserving the fundamental free- his diplomatic prowess and his con- Subject to whatever rights of excusal exist doms that are guaranteed to all Ameri- tributions to the state of Israel. He (see T15 above) under the federal Constitution cans under our Constitution. But I also holds honorary doctorates from several and state law, schools may teach sexual ab- want to emphasize that I join those in universities, including New York Uni- stinence and contraception; whether and how our country who want to send a mes- versity, Boston University, the Univer- schools teach these sensitive subjects is a sage to the people who cross the line sity of Maryland, and the University of matter of educational policy. However, these between criticizing our government Cincinnati. He is a fellow of the World may not be taught as religious tenets. The and advocating or resorting to violence mere fact that most, if not all, religions also Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the teach these values does not make it unlawful or terrorism. There is no constitu- only living member of the Orator’s Hall to teach them. tional right to commit violence in our of Fame. STUDENT GARB country. There is no constitutional Mr. Eban recently served as host and right to kill innocent men, women, and 17. Religious messages on T-shirts and the narrator of ‘‘Israel: A Nation is Born,’’ like may not be singled out for suppression. children. And those who do should be a five-part historical television mini- Students may wear religious attire, such as dealt with aggressively by our law en- series, documenting 40 years of Israel’s yarmulkes and head scarves, and they may forcement agencies. history. not be forced to wear gym clothes that they It is important that we discuss these Mr. President, the Israeli people have regard, on religious grounds, as immodest. issues in a thoughtful, reasonable, and been fortunate to count Mr. Eban RELEASED TIME constructive way. In America, we can among their leaders. He has consist- 18. Schools have the discretion to dismiss disagree without being disagreeable. ently represented the Jewish state students to off-premises religious instruc- We can have a debate without shout- with dignity, with strength and with tion, provided that schools do not encourage ing. And we can work together to fix aplomb. As he celebrates this birthday, or discourage participation or penalize those things that are wrong in this country we should all take this opportunity to who do not attend. Schools may not allow and to make this a better place. Most celebrate his many accomplishments.∑ religious instruction by outsiders on prem- importantly, we should protect and ises during the school day.∑ cherish our constitutional rights. One f f of those rights is to live in a free coun- try—free from the unspeakable horrors HYDROGEN—AN ENERGY SOURCE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FOR THE FUTURE DOMESTIC TERRORISM that were perpetrated on innocent peo- ple in Oklahoma City.∑ ∑ Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I have ∑ Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, the f long advocated greater investment in tragedy that took place on April 19 at the development of sustainable hydro- IN HONOR OF ABBA EBAN the Federal building in Oklahoma City gen energy. Hydrogen has a tremen- was an unspeakable horror. This was a ∑ Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I dous potential to be the energy carrier cowardly and heinous act by deranged rise this morning to honor a great of the future. It is an ideal energy people whose obsessions led to the kill- statesman on the occasion of his 80th source as it is plentiful, efficient and ing of innocent men, women, and chil- birthday. clean burning. An excellent article de- dren. I want the people who per- Abba Eban—statesman, diplomat, scribing the many advantages of hydro- petrated this act to be hunted down scholar, and author—was born in South gen as an energy source appeared in and to be appropriately, quickly, and Africa on February 2, 1915. As a young the March 19, 1995 edition of the Los harshly dealt with by our criminal jus- man growing up in London, Mr. Eban Angeles Times Magazine. I urge all of tice system. learned fluent Hebrew and became an my colleagues to read this article and The tragic bombing at Oklahoma active member of the Zionist move- I ask that the text of the article be City has sparked a debate in our coun- ment. printed in the RECORD. try about how to prevent a tragedy of He studied at Cambridge University, The article follows: this type from occurring again. It is and became a lecturer in Hebrew, Ara- [From the Los Angeles Times Magazine, important to understand that in a free bic, and Persian literature. March 3, 1995] country it is virtually impossible to Mr. Eban served in World War II, HARNESSING THE BIG H provide any ironclad protection against where he was assigned to Jerusalem as the violent acts of deranged people. liaison officer of Allied Headquarters. HYDROGEN SEEMS THE IDEAL ENERGY SOURCE— PLENTIFUL, EFFICIENT AND CLEAN. CAN SOME- But part of being free is the require- After the war, he entered the service of THING THIS PERFECT BE REAL? JUST ASK THE ment to ensure civil order. That is the the Jewish agency in Jerusalem. In JAPANESE job that we ask our law enforcement 1947, he became the agency’s liaison of- (By Alan Weisman) officials to do. ficer with the U.N. Special Commission West of Denver, Interstate 70 enters Gold- The question we must now ask our- on Palestine. en, Colo., and begins to curl through the selves is how can we protect Americans In 1948, Mr. Eban was appointed as foothills of the Rockies. There is bisects an without infringing on the liberties Israel’s representative to the United unassuming clump of brick buildings—the guaranteed by the Constitution. People Nations and in this capacity, he ap- National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00127 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 Among the government’s national labora- will presently lift spaceward, is filled with will become expensive again; even today, tories, NREL is modest, operating on a frac- pure hydrogen. their true price isn’t revealed at the gas tion of the billions commanded by atomic re- Since even before the moon shots, all U.S. pump, where the numbers don’t include the search giants like Sandia, Los Alamos and astronauts’ heat, electricity and drinking cost of pollution and the expense of pro- Lawrence Livermore. Inside, there are no water have been derived from hydrogen. The tecting our interests in the Persian Gulf. monstrous particle accelerators; experi- U.S. space program is the first step toward Other countries are less reluctant about ments here are more likely to proceed in realizing these scientists’ dream: to switch hydrogen than the United States. Two years test-tube racks, bell jars and small glass the planet from an economy fueled with ago, Japan, an island nation frightened by beakers, like the one John Turner is filling dirty coal and petroleum to one run on clean the prospect of rising seas if the icecaps with a clear solution of water and household hydrogen. start to melt, unveiled a multibillion-dollar, lye. The idea of something so ubiquitous—hy- 28-year program to form a global hydrogen Turner, a chemist with a graying blond drogen is the most abundant element com- system. The Japanese are talking power beard and gold-rimmed glasses, sticks a nar- posing three-fourths of the mass of the uni- plants, cars, buses, planes, ships and rockets, row glass slide, coated on one end with a verse—replacing diminishing fossil fuels all over the world, all fueled with renewable black, mica-like substance, into the lye solu- seems the stuff of fiction. Once, in fact, it hydrogen. tion. The humming lab ventilators mask the was: In 1870, Jules Verne’s ‘‘Mysterious Is- sound of the vehicles whizzing by on the land’’ described a world that would one day And there’s a recent surprise announce- nearby interstate, but Turner has spent most derive ‘‘an inexhaustible source of heat and ment by Daimler-Benz, the parent company of his career here, and during those years light’’ from water’s component parts. of Mercedes-Benz, that has excited many he’s always had the cars in mind. As he aims Back then, Verne didn’t realize that this people here: The German auto maker claims a pencil-thin beam from a high-intensity source was also virtually pollution-free. The it has cleared the major obstacles to pro- lamp at the flask, he puts it this way: ‘‘Sup- cycle is so elegant it seems nearly miracu- ducing the first commercially viable hydro- pose someone announced he intended to ship lous: Separate water into its two constituent gen-powered automobile. Unless Mercedes is millions of gallons of a carcinogenic, explo- gases, hydrogen and oxygen. Burn the hydro- just trying to spook the competition, hydro- sive fluid that emits toxic fumes through our gen for fuel, and it re-couples with oxygen to gen’s prospects have suddenly improved fast- downtown and then store it underground in form water again. No nasty particulates, no er than anyone dared hope. The Mercedes in our neighborhoods. People would rise up in insidious carbon monoxide, no eye-stinging question runs on a fuel cell, a refillable de- anger, right?’’ ozone or sulfur dioxide (at high tempera- vice that, like a battery, chemically con- Wrong. Just outside on I–70, cars are spray- tures, however, small, controllable amounts verts fuel directly to electricity without ing residues of that very poison all over the of nitrous oxides can form when hydrogen is having to burn it. Fuel cells can function on mountains. After 11 decades of tinkering, burned in the presence of air). Mainly, methanol or natural gas, but with hydrogen, their internal combustion engines are mir- though, hydrogen’s exhaust is plain water they’re up to three times more efficient than acles of technology with hundreds of moving vapor—which can then be recaptured and conventional engines. parts. Yet various laws of physics still limit neatly converted again to hydrogen. The most advanced models, including the their ability to extract energy from petro- According to Bill Hoagland, founder of one Daimler-Benz uses, come from the Van- leum. Nearly three-fourths of its potential NREL’s hydrogen program, it would take couver-based Ballard Power Systems Inc., simply radiates away or pours, partly com- less than a gallon of water to get the same which designed fuel cells for the Canadian busted, out the tailpipe, rising in geologic range from hydrogen that cars currently get defense department, using technology NASA layers of brown murk until the Rockies from a gallon of gasoline. Because hydrogen developed for the Gemini mission and then themselves dwindle to ghostly smudges. can be made anywhere. I’m told repeatedly, shelved. Originally large, boxy affairs of John Turner is among a cadre of scientists there would be no more dependency on im- stackable metal plates separated by mem- trying to suppress what he regards as hu- ported oil. No more OPEC. Maybe no more branes resembling plastic wrap, Ballard’s manity’s most pervasive, and self-inflicted, global warming, either, because it emits no fuel cells are now small enough to fit inside epidemic. In a little more than a century, greenhouse gases. As for hydrogen’s unfortu- a minivan chassis. ‘‘when we start producing since Thomas Alva Edison invented the light nate association with bombs and blimps, like them in volume,’’ says Ballard co-founder bulb and Henry Ford began to mass-produce the ill-fated Hindenburg, Hoagland reminds Keith Prater, a former University of Texas automobiles, man-made energy has become me that fossil fuels also readily explode, and chemist, ‘‘the price will shrink, too.’’ the most addictive drug in history. Every- studies rate hydrogen safer because it’s Surrounded by conference booths pro- body today was born into the this depend- nontoxic and dissipates quickly. moting the latest in photovoltaics, fuel cells ency: No one any longer can imagine life It seems like the perfect fuel. Yet, these and electrolyzers—devices that separate without electricity or motorized vehicles. To scientists insist, it’s been under-researched, water into oxygen and hydrogen—I asked slake our craving, we must dose ourselves under-funded and virtually ignored in De- Princeton physicist Joan M. Ogden if the and our surroundings daily with deadly filth. troit, which perseveres in its allegiance to United States is letting the future slip away This ritual is now doomed to spread, as petroleum, and in Washington, which per- to foreign competitors. She tells me of a re- China, India and other developing nations sists in keeping troops ready to defend the cent, unreleased General Motors study ad- bestow family cars and refrigerators upon 2 Persian Gulf. mitting that non-polluting fuel cells could billion new recruits to the industrial age. So why aren’t we leaping at this chance to be mass-produced for the same cost as a con- Getting an entire world to kick a habit is end pollution, energy wars and economic ventional engine. ‘‘Actually, they should futile, so Turner is trying to at least find us bondage to a few privileged locations that cost less, because they have no moving a clean needle. As the beam strikes the shiny float atop the earth’s ebbing supplies of oil? parts,’’ she says. ‘‘They’ll also last longer black square centimeter of semiconductor Much of it comes down to money and the and be cheaper to maintain.’’ But while Mer- glued to the submerged portion of his slide, seemingly incontestable reign of the petro- cedes, BMW and Mazda race to bring a hy- the surrounding liquid begins to fizz. Elec- leum industry. Unlike natural gas, to which drogen car to market, U.S. auto makers, by trons stimulated by light, he explains, are hydrogen is often compared, you can’t dig a comparison, don’t seem very interested. rushing to the semiconductor’s surface, hit- hole and find it. To tap hydrogen’s energy, ting water molecules and splitting them into you have to expend energy because it’s al- A few years ago, Ogden quit Princeton’s their component parts: oxygen and hydro- ways combined with something else. Having glamorous fusion energy program to engage gen. to un-combine it makes it more expensive, in relatively impoverished research in re- He watches the tiny bubbles rise. ‘‘For at least in the near term, than crude petro- newable hydrogen. ‘‘Fusion will take dec- years,’’ he says, ‘‘this has been the Holy leum products, including natural gas. And no ades,’’ she told aghast colleagues. ‘‘I want re- Grail of photoelectric chemists. We’re wit- alternative-energy constituency has the sults in my lifetime.’’ Soon after, she co-au- nessing the direct conversion of solar energy clout to buck powerful fossil-fuel lobbies and thored a book that proposed making hydro- into hydrogen.’’ find a way to pay for retrofitting the world gen by splitting water with electricity from Cape Canaveral, June, 1994: A group of vis- for a brand-new technology. solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. (In this proc- iting scientists and engineers is touring the Currently, the U.S. Department of Energy ess, as electricity made from sunlight passes John F. Kennedy Space Center in blue-and- allots hydrogen about one-ninetieth of what through a pair of electrodes immersed in white air-conditioned buses. They’re here for it spends on continuing petroleum research. water, hydrogen bubbles collect around one the World Hydrogen Energy Conference, a bi- (And two-thirds of the DOE’s budget doesn’t pole and oxygen around another.) Although ennial event born of the energy crisis 20 go for energy at all, but for nuclear weapons PV is still expensive, Ogden argued that years earlier. Although the price of petro- research and cleanup.) Nor has the public mass production and technological improve- leum has since calmed considerably (ad- thus far demonstrated much interest in trad- ments would lower costs until they intersect justed for inflation, it’s actually cheaper ing the ease of dirty energy, available at the with rising oil prices. than pre-1973), a groundswell of concern, cou- turn of an ignition key or click of a light The book has been alternately praised and pled with numerous breakthroughs, has switch, for a major commitment to some- scorned, the latter because of a map showing ballooned this gathering to nearly 600 re- thing cleaner and renewable. how much of the United States would have searchers from 34 countries. They’ve come to Yet the learned crowd gathered at the to be covered by photovoltaic cells to Canaveral this year for inspiration: The huge World Hydrogen Conference is convinced produce sufficient hydrogen to meet the tank on the pad, where the shuttle Columbia that hydrogen’s time must come. Fossil fuels total U.S. annual energy needs. The area is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00128 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7265 denoted by a circle that reaches from Albu- omy, have barely survived legislative plots Except, of course, it doesn’t. Bartlett’s querque nearly to the Mexican border. Crit- to scuttle them. point is that in exactly two more minutes, ics who derisively try to guess the value of And despite the vaunted environmental all four bottles will be full. Likewise, when all that real estate miss the point, she in- pedigree of Vice President , the Clin- President Jimmy Carter noted that in each sists. No one ever suggested putting all the ton Administration hasn’t been much help of three previous decades the world had PV in the same place. either. While a few projects like experi- burned more fuel than had been consumed ‘‘Obviously, deserts are ideal, because they mental wind farms have been encouraged, previously in all of history, it meant that get the most sun, and minimal rainfall is federal efforts have focused more on improv- fuel consumption was doubling every decade. enough to make plenty of hydrogen. But I ing energy efficiency than on developing That rate slowed temporarily with the en- did a little calculation once. Let’s say 2,000 clean new sources. Most frustrating to Alan ergy crisis, but now, with world population people who work at Princeton drive there Lloyd is a multimillion-dollar Administra- rising and today’s breakneck industrializa- every day. If I wanted to run their cars on tion program called PNGV: The Partnership tion in the Third World, the exponential gob- hydrogen, how much roof space would I need for a New Generation of Vehicles, whose goal bling of limited resources is again accel- to cover with PV to make enough hydrogen is to deliver a prototype car that gets triple erating. fuel for them? I figured that by putting pan- today’s expected gas mileage—about 80 miles ‘‘It’s seriously misleading when we hear, els on fewer than half the university roof- per gallon—by the year 2004. ‘‘Which means for example, that at current levels of output tops, even with New Jersey’s humble sun- that after 10 years, they’ll develop a vehicle and recovery coal reserves can be expected to shine levels, we could convert all those cars that will be illegal in California because it’s last 500 years. We get the mistaken impres- to hydrogen. Think if we did that all over too dirty,’’ he says, gazing heavenward. sion that there’s 500 years’ worth of coal left, the country.’’ ‘‘That’s unacceptable. A new-generation ve- forgetting that the sentence began with ‘at That same afternoon, Peter Lehman, an hicle should be fuel-efficient and clean. current levels.’ That’s 500 years, only if environmental engineer from Humboldt Leadership should come from the White there’s no growth of production.’’ State University in Northern California, House, but their agenda is being driven more And petroleum? ‘‘In 1993, they announced tells me what it would take to do the same from Detroit.’’ the largest discovery of oil in the Gulf of for the 9 million cars in the Los Angeles Other energy advocates claim the tech- Mexico in the last 20 years: 700 million bar- Basin: ‘‘An area about 340 square miles. nology for an 80-m.g.g. vehicle already ex- rels. It sounds like an enormous number, About two-thirds the size, say, of Edwards ists, but the Administration has simply until you realize that we Americans go Air Force Base.’’ caved in to the Big Three auto makers and through roughly 17.7 million barrels a day. Cover Edwards Air Force Base with shiny the oil industry. But since I haven’t seen fill- Divide 700 by 17.7. It’ll last about 40 days.’’ photovoltaic panels? ing stations dispensing hydrogen on Amer- The auditorium is now silent. ‘‘That indi- ‘‘Sure. It would mean a fairly dramatic re- ican street corners, I ask Lloyd if a fuel-cell cates,’’ he tells us, ‘‘that we’ve already made orientation of priorities, and a huge expendi- vehicle designed to run on the stuff is really the big petroleum discoveries. Now we’re ture, probably like building the interstate practical. picking around the edges, getting the last highway system. That took $100 billion and In the interim, there are lots of ways to ones.’’ 34 years. But we did it because as a society make hydrogen besides solar energy, Lloyd In 1975, during the depths of the energy cri- we decided it was important. Wouldn’t you explains. Using steam, it can be derived from sis, Tom Harkin arrived in Washington as an think that eliminating all smog might be natural gas or even mixed with it—known as Iowa congressman. In his first year on the important?’’ town gas, that was what America once House Science and Technology Committee, All week, people here have been repeating burned for light and cooking. Hydrogen im- he decided that the threat to the future of a mantra of massive American investments proves the potency and lowers the emissions energy was genuine. Then Carter was elected in the future that paid off, like the Marshall of natural gas, and with some modification it President, and, to Harkin’s relief, the Ad- Plan, the interstate highway system and— might even be shipped through natural gas ministration began dispensing billions and especially during a pilgrimage to the old pipelines. As for a dearth of service stations: creating incentives for solar, photovoltaic, Apollo launching pad—President Kennedy’s a similar alarm was once sounded by buggy- wind and ocean thermal energy. decision to put men on the moon. Although whip manufacturers. these ventures involved enormous expense, The real obstacle, Lloyd says, is America’s Then the next President, Ronald Regan, they were embraced by the public because of current lust to pawn the future for the sake dismantled Carter’s solar-heating apparatus visionary, daring leadership, but they also of profits today. ‘‘While Detroit hires 100 at- on the White House roof and all the tax coincided, rather than conflicted, with pow- torneys to defeat every new emissions stand- breaks and funding for alternative-energy re- erful interests. A commitment to transform ard we establish, Japan assigns 1,000 engi- search along with it. During those lean America’s energy infrastructure to accom- neers to meet the challenge.’’ years, Harkin, now a senator, joined forces modate clean hydrogen would, I suspect, Maintaining energy’s status quo might with longtime hydrogen zealot Sen. Spark evoke awesome resistance from the petro- make some sense, or at least some money, M. Matsunaga of Hawaii to convince whom- leum and auto industries. And decisions for purveyors of petroleum and internal- ever they could that hydrogen wasn’t some these days seem dictated more by the global combustion engines. But the conference’s dumb fantasy. After Matsunaga’s death in marketplace than by the foresight of leaders. keynote speaker assures us that the decision 1990, Harkin and the only other hydrogen Yet the one vision these scientists from won’t really be theirs. University of Colo- devotees around, Reps. George E. Brown, Jr. Argentina, Egypt, Russia, Germany and rado physicist emeritus Albert A. Bartlett (D-Colton) and Robert S. Walker (R-Pa.) and Japan tell me may save civilization from says he knows little about hydrogen but Sen. Harry Reid (D-Nev.), pushed through a choking on its own exhaust emanates from something about basic arithmetic. He’s par- five-year research bill in his memory. California. They refer specifically, and rev- ticularly drawn to calculating the time it The appropriation was minimal, but after erently, to mandates by the California Air takes for things to double. This is pertinent, Clinton and Gore were elected, Harkin was Resources Board and the South Coast Air he says, to consumption of fossil fuels, be- sure that would change. Shortly after their Quality Management District, which require cause it allows the petroleum and coal indus- inauguration, he presented the new Adminis- that zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) con- tries to deceive the world about how long tration with a 40-page proposal for a sustain- stitute 2% of all cars sold in the state by 1998 those resources will actually last. able energy future based on hydrogen. It and 10% by 2003. To illustrate what he means, he proposes showed how, by using solar photovoltaic The allure of these requirements is the fact that we imagine a species of bacteria that re- electricity to split water, hydrogen actually that, with one out of 18 Americans living in produces by dividing in two. Those two be- becomes a way to store the power of the sun, the L.A. Basin alone, whoever can first man- come four, the four become eight, and so because it can be burned at night or shipped ufacture a viable car that meets this stand- forth. ‘‘Let’s say we place one bacterium in to cold climates where solar energy is scare. ard will get rich. Everybody assures me that a bottle at 11 a.m., and at noon we observe It explained that the cheapest way to batteries aren’t going to do it; the accelera- the bottle to be full. At what point was it produce hydrogen could be through ‘‘electro- tion is rotten, the range is too short, and half full?’’ The answer, it turns out, is 11:59 farming’’: using marginal land to grow en- they must be recharged by plugging into a.m. ergy crops like switch grass, which could be dirty power plants that only shift the pollu- ‘‘Now, if you were a bacterium in that bot- reduced to hydrogen in a simple device tion elsewhere. The assumption here is that tle, at what point would you realize you were called a biomass gasifier. The gasifier, in the only way to build a real ZEV is by using running out of space? At 11:55 a.m., when the turn, would run on excess heat from a hydro- a hydrogen fuel cell, and California’s regula- bottle is only one-thirty-seconds full, and gen fuel cell, providing power for the farm. tions will help force that technology into ex- 97% is open space, yearning for develop- Harkin also rebutted the myth that hydro- istence. The air quality district’s chief sci- ment?’’ gen is more dangerous than traditional fuels, entist, Alan Lloyd, who’s speaking at the Everyone giggles. ‘‘Now suppose, with a a belief dating to the 1937 explosion that de- conference, agrees. minute to spare, the bacteria discover three stroyed the German airship Hindenburg. The Lloyd’s problem though, is that he is not new bottles to inhabit. They sigh with relief: 36 who died, he explained, were killed in the exactly considered a prophet in his own land. They have three times more bottles than had falll, not from burning hydrogen, which sim- Rather than instilling native pride, Califor- ever been known, quadrupling their space re- ply floated away (as it would have had the nia’s world champion air-quality laws, which sources. Surely this makes them self-suffi- Exxon Valdez transported hydrogen instead some believe have wrecked the state’s econ- cient in space. Right?’’ of oil). In fact, the 61 Hindenberg survivors

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00129 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 would not have lived had the blimp carried $1.20, consumers have no incentive to use It’s pure, distilled water. natural gas. anything else.’’ Alternative fuels, he says, Consumers, I’m told by hydrogen skeptics, But, Harkin concluded, in order to make all lack the energy density of petroleum, so won’t buy a vehicle whose power and per- fuel cells or hydrogen cars affordable, they it will always cost more to get the same formance fall short of what we’ve grown to have to be mass-produced, and before manu- amount of power. expect from our automobiles. In the facturers will mass-produce them, delivery No one contradicts him, so Ford moves on Daimler-Benz headquarters, Mercedes’ vice systems-hydrogen pumps at the corner gas to the next question. I interrupt. ‘‘Wait, Isn’t president of marketing for passenger cars, station-have to be in place. That won’t hap- the whole reason for this conference the idea Jochen Placking, shows me a typical ad they pen until there’s mass demand for them, and that consumer demand today involves things use for the United States: a convertible so on. This classic chicken-and-egg dilemma, other than price, such as products that don’t speeding across a New Mexico desert. ‘‘We’re pollute us to death?’’ he argued, could be resolved by a federal selling freedom. The limitless power to go commitment to a comfortable transition ‘‘I’ll believe that,’’ GM replies, ‘‘when Cali- fornians start buying the 50 miles-per-gallon explore.’’ from fossil fuels. In the halls here, decades of Mercedes ad- He didn’t get very far. ‘‘I told the Presi- vehicles that are already available. The fact is, they don’t want cars that are more effi- vertising posters show women with long, dent he should grab the public’s imagination shapely legs protruding from fur coats, lean- the way Kennedy did with the moon shot, by cient or cleaner.’’ ‘‘So how would you get people to buy this ing against gorgeous roadsters. How can you announcing in his first State of the Union thing?’’ I yell to Thomas Klaiber, but he make an environmentally correct car into a speech that the U.S. was going all out for hy- doesn’t hear me, because a low-slung, Class C sexy status symbol, like a sports coupe? drogen and fuel cells. He looked at me like I racing series model and a black, V–12 600SL Placking strokes his mustache. ‘‘We’ll was slightly nuts.’’ roar past us at that instant, one on either Later Harkin ran into Al Gore in the Exec- have to find a way to make clean cars fas- side. We’re on the Mercedes-Benz test track utive Office Building. If the government pur- cinating,’’ he says. ‘‘Like selling people on in Stuttgart, Germany. Klaiber, a mechan- safe sex.’’ chased large quantities of photovoltaics, he ical engineer, is head of the Daimler-Benz told the vice president, it would lower the It’s not an altogether encouraging anal- hydrogen fuel cell group, the van he’s driving ogy, especially in the context. Germany, cost immensely. The same for fuel cells. No is the hydrogen-powered vehicle that luck there, either. Instead, the tiny hydro- world leader in hydrogen research invest- prompted Mercedes’ grand announcement. ment—about $12 million a year since the late gen coalition in Congress actually has had to If this is really the future we’re driving 1970s until it was blindsided by the expense fight the Administration’s proposed cuts in into, at a top cruising speed of 50 miles per of reunification—is hardly the renewable-en- funding provided by the Matsunaga Act. hour, it’s a little like riding the tortoise ergy economy I imagined. An official from In Washington, Harkin’s hydrogen consult- while being passed by a flock of jeering ant, Sandy Thomas, shows me a chart of the hares. Even Mercedes buses are passing us as the state of Bavaria’s electric utility, which Department of Energy’s budget. Out of $18.6 we negotiate banked curves and climb steep has the world’s biggest hydrogen pilot facil- billion, $10 billion goes for nuclear-weapons little hills that suddenly appear in the mid- ity, admits there are no plans to scale up to research and cleanup. ‘‘That’s even though dle of the straightways. Yet the van itself a full-sized working plant. So what will they we aren’t building nuclear weapons anymore. feels surpringly normal. Amid the sur- do in 30 years, when Bavaria’s aging nuclear It’s an upper-middle-class welfare program rounding internal combustion thunder, the plants mut be phased out and fossil fuels are for nuclear scientists. Then there’s nearly $1 most noticeable difference is how quietly it expected to be scarce? billion for fossil-fuel research and conserva- runs. The fuel cell itself make no sound. ‘‘I can’t answer that question. Nobody can. tion, even though they’re running out; $300 There’s only the hum of an air compressor. Nobody gives a damn about the future.’’ million for atomic fission, though we’ve Some significant technology challenges re- Back in my own country, I share this story stopped building nuclear reactors, and nearly main unmet, however. Much of the cargo with Michael Heben, a lanky young mate- half of a billion for fusion, the practical ap- area is filled with fiberglass pressure tanks. rials scientist at the National Renewable En- plication of which even its most optimistic Although hydrogen has up to three times the ergy Laboratory. Even at BMW and Daimler- proponents admit it at least 40 year away.’’ efficiency of gasoline, its lightness gives it Benz, I tell him, hydrogen only gets a small ‘‘And for hydrogen research?’’ I ask. such low density that even when compressed. chunk of the research budget compared to ‘‘Ten million. its storage requires at least four times the conventional engines. I suppose it’s not in a I gape. ‘‘I know,’’ he says. ‘‘We’ve argued space of a conventional gas tank. This is fine company’s interest to invent something that for shifting even $100 million out of DOE’s for the fuel-cell buses that Ballard Power renders its most successful product obsolete. Systems is operating successfully in Van- nuclear-weapons fund. But those decisions Heben shrugs. He reminds me we’ve seen couver, because there’s plenty of room on are made at the top. It’s hard to get Hazel computers grow smaller, faster and cheaper their roofs to store hydrogen. To partly al- O’Leary’s ear on this one.’’ at a breathless pace, all because a couple of At a White House conference on environ- leviate this problem for passenger cars, kids in a garage dared to try to build some- mental technology in December, chaired by Daimler-Benz plans to shrink the fuel cell to thing better. When Edison was inventing Gore, Energy Secretary O’Leary admits to one-fourth it current size, even as it in- light bulbs and phonographs, electricity cost me that in the wake of a new Republican creases horsepower. 300 times what it does now. As soon as people Congress that threatens to cut not just budg- ‘‘The alternative is we store the hydrogen saw what it could do, they started using it en ets but the entire DOE, she questions the in metal hydrides,’’ Klaiber says, referring to masse, and the price became practical. wisdom of bank rolling fission. On hydrogen, a process in which certain metals absorb hy- Maybe, he suggests, one key discovery will however, she doesn’t yield. ‘‘I’m not an apol- drogen like a sponge, then release it when do the same for hydrogen—like the semicon- ogist for traditional energy. We’ve backed heated. ‘‘They’re fine for commuter cars; ductor work of John Turner, who’s splitting some exciting research into wind power. But citizens tested a fleet for us in Berlin for water without the intermediate step of first my strong opinion is that hydrogen isn’t four years. But for a range of 250 miles, you’d making photovoltaic electricity. there yet. We have to be willing to deliver need a ton of hydrides. Too much.’’ I have just come from Munich, where I more mature technologies to market first. Other researchers here are cultivating rode in a silver 7-Series BMW that uses a strains of algae that exhale hydrogen. Heben Excepting fusion, I think our investments third storage option, liquid hydrogen, ex- fairly represent the energy marketplace for himself is after a revolutionary way to store actly like the space shuttle. Its ride, accel- it. He’s trying to prove that submicroscopic the near and midterm.’’ eration, speed and internal combustion en- At the conference, Gore, five Cabinet offi- tubes made of activated carbon, developed at gine made it virtually indistinguished from a cers and President Clinton’s science adviser IBM, suck up hydrogen atoms via capillary regular car. Underneath the chassis, how- action, like a straw. A fuel tank full of the meet with 1,400 industrialists, entrepreneurs ever, was a doubled-walled tank to keep the and environmental representatives to discuss tough, light tubules, each about a billionth fuel at ¥423 degrees F. But even with that of a meter in diameter, could actually hold how the U.S. can prosper in the growing much insulation, too much hydrogen boils international market for clean, green tech- far more diffuse hydrogen gas than a tank off after three days, making it impractical, that was empty. nology. There are seminars on environ- say, to leave a liquid hydrogen car in an air- ‘‘Our goal should be a vehicle that per- mental export financing and transitions to port parking lot during summer. forms like today’s cars: same size, weight, industrial ecology—yet barely any mention Plus, it takes one-third the energy of hy- of energy, except for a small workshop on drogen to cool it to a liquid state. So the acceleration, frequency of refueling. With fuel cells and another on transportation simplicity and high efficiency of fuel cells, good, compact, energy-efficient storage, technologies. which runs at normal temperatures, seem to there’s no reason we can’t do that with clean In the latter, I join a study group chaired be winning the race to the future-whenever hydrogen.’’ by Ford’s representative for the Partnership that is. On NREL’s lean hydrogen budget, he’s cur- for a New Generation of Vehicles. Among the Riding with Klaiber, it doesn’t feel distant. rently able to create enough of a soot-like points we’ve asked to consider are the pros- His face is glowing, almost cherubic. He con- substance, which contains carbon pects for introducing alternative fuels like fesses that he loves driving this thing just nanotubules, to coat the inside of a hydrogen for motor vehicles in the near fu- because he knows it’s so clean. countertop bell jar. To scale up to working ture. The first to speak up is General Mo- We pull over. He doesn’t turn off the en- size will cost a lot more. At this point, he tors’ federal research coordinator. ‘‘Very gine but finds a paper cup and holds it over has no idea where funds will come from, but dim. As long as gas and diesel stay around the exhaust pipe. ‘‘Drink?’’ he offers. something makes him believe they will.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00130 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7267 ‘‘We’re so close. so much has been accom- process agreed upon last year—would will be denied entry. What’s this? Clinton plished with just a little. If we really decided be subject to interdiction and forced thinks Castro is going to open up his secret that we wanted a clean hydrogen economy, repatriation to Cuba, from where they police files for perusal by Immigration and we could have it by 2010. No more oil spills. could apply for asylum at the Cuban Naturalization Service officers? Doubtful. Fresh air in Denver and L.A. Think of it.’’ And second is the quid pro quo from Cas- Maybe he’s right. Curiously, amid panic Interests Section in Havana. tro, who has promised to allow his people over Republican threats to dismember re- Although I have some concerns about free access to the American interest section search budgets, hydrogen may prove to be the second half of this new approach— in Havana. There they may file a formal re- not just a survivor but also a winner. The in particular, the policy of interdiction quest for U.S. entry, which will be weighed new chairman of the House Committee on and repatriation of future migrants by the INS like those of potential immi- Science is Bob Walker, longtime science from Cuba—and urge the Attorney grants worldwide. But Catro’s promise may mentor to House Speaker Newt Gingrich and General to implement sufficient proce- be meaningless. In Cuba, one of the last re- hydrogen ally of Tom Harkin. dural protections for those Cubans maining communist states on Earth, pres- In his office, decorated with pictures of the sures both subtle and overt can be applied to space shuttle, Walker reminds me that one with valid asylum claims, in general I frighten away potential applicants. of the most powerful forces in the market- view this agreement as a significant By ending three decades of automatic asy- place is ‘‘the love Americans have for roam- step forward in our relations with lum for Cubans, Clinton has demoted Castro ing the planet freely in their own cars. Hy- Cuba. from top devil of the Caribbean, much to the drogen will make that possible when the Unlike our policies toward Cuba over heartfelt anguish of expatriate Cubans and present technology gets too dirty to extend the past 35 years, the agreement rep- Cuban-Americans. into the future.’’ He has introduced legisla- resents a rational and cooperative re- If that is to be Clinton’s new policy, then it is time to apply the tools of constructive tion calling for a quadrupling or research sponse to a U.S.-Cuba immigration funds for hydrogen over the next three years. engagement—as with China, a few steps at a Part of the money will be matched by non- problem that has caused this Nation time—using the full range of American di- federal sources and part expropriated from nothing but headaches in the past. If plomacy, trade and culture to push Cuba to- technologies. Walker believes are either fu- our government could approach every ward democracy and a rational relationship tile or outmoded. U.S.-Cuba issue with the pragmatism with its giant northern neighbor. He has little pity for industries that resist that is reflected in this agreement, I f change, including auto makers. ‘‘If Edison believe that our long-sought goal of de- SPEECH OF AMY BRINDLEY TO were to invent the light bulb today, the mocratization of Cuba would be much STRIKING UNITED RUBBER headlines would read, ‘200,000 candle makers closer to our grasp than this goal is lose their jobs.’ We’ve been through this be- WORKERS now. fore, like when cars put blacksmiths out of ∑ Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, today I business. It’s wrenching, but overall our na- I ask to have printed in the RECORD a would like to submit into the RECORD a tional competitiveness gets stronger. The May 4 editorial on the agreement with same thing will happen in energy. The people Cuba from the Chicago Tribune. This statement from a 16-year-old in Des themselves will demand it.’’ editorial ends with a call to President Moines named Amy Brindley. Amy is He pauses to gaze at a plaque naming him Clinton to apply the tools of construc- the daughter of a striking URW mem- the latest recipient of the National Hydrogen tive engagement in our relations with ber who works at the Bridgestone/Fire- Assn.’s Spark M. Matsunaga Award. ‘‘Driv- Cuba, and recognizes that these tools, stone plant in Des Moines. She gave ing on the interstate, I watch them stringing not a doctrinaire and obsolete policy of this moving speech in April to a rally fiber-optic cable up the median strip for the Castro-baiting, hold the keys to a suc- of striking workers and their families. Internet. The government talks about the I think all Senators should read the Internet but can’t come up with a structure. cessful Cuba policy. Meantime, it’s happening because people The editorial follows: words of this impressive young Amer- want it. When they realize they need clean [From the Chicago Tribune, May 4, 1995] ican. I ask that her statement be print- ECORD hydrogen, somebody will find a way to sup- A WELCOME CHANGE IN CUBA POLICY ed in the R at this point. ply that, too.’’∑ The statement follows: Ever since 1959, when Fidel Castro de- f scended from the Sierra Maestra to enter Ha- SPEECH BY AMY BRINDLEY THE ADMINISTRATION’S MIGRA- vana spewing Marxism like cigar smoke, As a teenage daughter of a United Rubber Worker, who’s been on strike for the past 9 TION AGREEMENT WITH CUBA Cuba has been a misplaced comma that jum- bled an otherwise cogent political essay months, I’d like to point out that this strike ∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, a couple called the Monroe Doctrine. involves many, many people and is just NOT of weeks ago, the administration con- In a commendable turn of direction. Presi- limited to the union members and their em- cluded a migration agreement with dent Clinton reinjected logic into U.S.-Cuba ployer. Bridgestone/Firestone has invaded Cuba that I hope will be the first step relations by ending 35 years of preferential the lives of the entire family with their inex- treatment for Cuban refugees. Clinton ruled cusable hunger for corporate greed. in the direction of a rational policy to- Tuesday that Cubans will no longer receive I feel that is important to recognize the ward Cuba. automatic asylum but must pass the same numerous family members who have fallen Under this agreement, most of the hurdles as any other refugee reaching our victim to the ruthless demands set forth by 15–20 thousand Cubans that have been shores. Bridgestone/Firestone. housed in Guantanamo Bay for the Although Clinton’s decision will be ana- Being a teenager is never easy, but having past several months will be paroled lyzed in terms of the Cuban-American vote to deal with the additional stress this labor into the United States, with those pa- and hemispheric diplomacy, its inspiration dispute has brought about, has made it even more challenging. Many friendships have roles to count, on a 3-year prorated was purely practical. At present, 20,000 Cuban refugees are stuck been broken apart throughout this strike. I, basis, against the 20,000 minimum in tents at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Sta- myself, have had friendships that have suf- Cuba-to-America immigration numbers tion; their $1 million-a-day tab for room and fered great setbacks because of my pro labor agreed upon by the Cuban and Amer- board comes from the Pentagon budget, beliefs. I believe that it is the lack of edu- ican governments last fall. Cuba has which means the taxpayers’ pockets. cation that a lot of people have concerning also agreed to accept back those Cu- The refugees are getting restless. Clinton the Union. I strongly believe that we need to bans at Guantanamo who are exclud- wants to avoid ugly riots, so a final exemp- educate and promote the values and the im- able under U.S. law because of criminal tion will be granted to accept that group. portance regarding unions. As members of the United Rubber Workers are attempting histories, infectious diseases, etc. Any other ‘‘raft people’’ will be turned back to Cuba. to hold on to what fellow members have Thus, within the limits set out in last Clinton has firmly announced that this na- fought to gain in the past years of joining to- fall’s agreement between Cuba and the tion, not Castro, controls America’s borders. gether at the bargaining table. If we don’t United States, this agreement has In addition, Clinton has denied Castro the educate people, what will the future hold, solved the costly and potentially explo- foreign policy weapon of ‘‘boatlift diplo- not just for my generation but the following sive detention of the Cubans at Guan- macy,’’ which capitalizes on the pitiful sight generations also? tanamo. of refugees foundering abroad unseaworthy I am a junior at Southeast Polk High As part of this new policy, the Attor- craft en route to the promise of Florida’s School. As juniors, we are offered the oppor- beaches. tunity to go to Washington D.C. and New ney General has also announced that There are two glaring holes in the presi- York for the United Nations Trip. This trip those attempting in the future to emi- dent’s program, however. is only offered to juniors. Because of the grate to the United States from Cuba First is a threat that anyone among the strike it was financially impossible for me to illegally—rather than through the Guantanamo refugees with a criminal record go with my fellow classmates. It was very

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00131 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995 difficult for me to watch my friends, includ- lution at 8 a.m. tomorrow morning. MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS ing my best friend, as they prepared for this Four hours remain on the resolution To be lieutenant colonel venture with great anticipation, and again and several amendments remain. JOSEPH F. MILLER, 000–00–0000 when they returned and shared with me their Therefore, rollcall votes can be ex- special memories that I was not a part of. ARMY NURSE CORPS Under different circumstances I would have pected throughout Wednesday’s session To be lieutenant colonel of the Senate and Members should be been among my fellow classmates, but again, *ROBIN R. BENCKART, 000–00–0000 due to Bridgestone/Firestone’s desire for on notice that there could be a large *LILLIAN A. FOERSTER, 000–00–0000 complete control, I was cheated out of a sig- number of votes after all debate is con- ARMY nificant, once in a life time opportunity. sumed. To be major One of Bridgestone/Firestone’s most ap- Also, Members should be aware that palling scare tactics that has personally following the disposition of the budget *KEVIN W. MC REE, 000–00–0000 touched myself and my family was the elimi- resolution, it will be the leader’s inten- MEDICAL CORPS nation of health care benefits, 90 days into To be major this strike. My sister, Angie, and I are both tion to turn to Calendar No. 102, S. 735, the antiterrorism bill. DAVID C. BONOVICH, 000–00–0000 insulin dependent diabetics. Consequently, it TIMOTHY MATTISON, 000–00–0000 is of utmost importance that we have med- f DOUGLAS A. SCHOW, 000–00–0000 ical insurance to maintain and control this IN THE ARMY dreaded disease. It has been impossible for us RECESS UNTIL TOMORROW AT 8 A.M. THE FOLLOWING NAMED CADETS, GRADUATING CLASS to find an alternate insurance policy that OF 1995, UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY, FOR AP- covers our diabetes. Therefore, my parents Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, if POINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED have been forced to pay the enormous there is no further business to come be- STATES, IN THE GRADE OF SECOND LIEUTENANT, UNDER monthly premiums for the company’s Cobra THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, fore the Senate, I now ask that the SECTIONS 531, 532, 533 AND 4353: Coverage, adding to the already over- Senate stand in recess as under the THOMAS H. AARSEN, 000–00–0000 whelming financial burdens families are fac- JAMES F. ADAMOUSKI, 000–00–0000 ing during this work stoppage due to this previous order. BRETT N. ADAMS, 000–00–0000 There being no objection, the Senate, GEOFFREY R. ADAMS, 000–00–0000 strike. NURUDEEN B. ADEYEMI, 000–00–0000 I have briefly touched on just a ‘‘few’’ of at 10:35 p.m., recessed until Wednesday, RONALD R. ADIMEY, 000–00–0000 the intrusions this company has used to ma- May 24, 1995, at 8 a.m. MARK C. ADINOLFI, 000–00–0000 ERIC L. ADLER, 000–00–0000 nipulate the lives of innocent people. But, on f ROBERT J. AHERN, 000–00–0000 the other hand, some things I don’t think DOROTHEA L. AKERY, 000–00–0000 this heartless company counted on, is that NOMINATIONS SYED O. ALI, 000–00–0000 SHAFFIR ALIKHAN, 000–00–0000 I’ve also gained many things. Things that Executive nominations received by KIMBERLY D. ALLEN, 000–00–0000 you can’t put a material value on. Such as, the Senate May 23, 1995: BRIDGET D. ALTENBURG, 000–00–0000 a new understanding of what the union is PATRICK S. ALTENBURG, 000–00–0000 IN THE AIR FORCE JAMES R. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 truly about, the importance of solidarity, JASON L. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 the significance of the support that we’ve re- THE FOLLOWING AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE UNITED ROBYN J. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 ceived from fellow unions and citizens. The STATES OFFICERS FOR PROMOTION IN THE RESERVE OF WAYNE M. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 THE AIR FORCE UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS RICHARD K. ANSELMI, 000–00–0000 outpouring of generosity so many different 12203 AND 8379, TITLE 10 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE. ADAM D. APPLEBY, 000–00–0000 individuals have extended has been astound- PROMOTIONS MADE UNDER SECTION 8379 AND CON- KRISTEN L. ARGUS, 000–00–0000 ing. Even though Bridgestone/Firestone has FIRMED BY THE SENATE UNDER SECTION 12203 SHALL MICHAEL S. ARMSTRONG, 000–00–0000 BEAR AN EFFECTIVE DATE ESTABLISHED IN ACCORD- PAUL M. ARMSTRONG, 000–00–0000 taken away our paycheck and temporarily ANCE WITH SECTION 8374, TITLE 10 OF THE UNITED STEPHANI R. ARNOLD, 000–00–0000 left us financially strapped; they’ll NEVER STATES CODE. PATRICK C. ASPLAND, 000–00–0000 CHRIS S. AUCLAIR, 000–00–0000 take away our dignity! LINE ∑ CHRISTOP M. AUSTIN, 000–00–0000 Thank you. To be lieutenant colonel RODRICK L. AUSTIN, 000–00–0000 CORNELIA J. BACA, 000–00–0000 f MAJ. WILLIAM M. ALTMAN III, 000–00–0000 JEAN-PIE BADO, 000–00–0000 MAJ. JONATHAN S. BAXT, 000–00–0000 CHAD A. BAGLEY, 000–00–0000 ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, MAJ. GEORGE C. BLAKE, JR., 000–00–0000 DAVID B. BAILEY, 000–00–0000 1995 MAJ. GREGORY G. BOTCH, 000–00–0000 MARSHANN M. BAIN, 000–00–0000 MAJ. MARK E. CLEM, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY E. BAKER, 000–00–0000 Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, I MAJ. DANIEL L. DELANE, 000–00–0000 JOHN T. BAKER, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GREGORY A. FICK, 000–00–0000 KOO BAKER, 000–00–0000 ask unanimous consent that when the MAJ. EDWARD R. FLORA, 000–00–0000 SCOTT R. BAKER, 000–00–0000 Senate completes its business today, it MAJ. DAVID J. HATLEY, 000–00–0000 TROY R. BAKER, 000–00–0000 MAJ. SCOTT R. JENSEN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN C. BALDRATE, 000–00–0000 stand in recess until the hour of 8 a.m. MAJ. VANCE J. NEUMANN, 000–00–0000 CHAD B. BALFANZ, 000–00–0000 on Wednesday, May 24, 1995; that fol- MAJ. JAMES R. PATTERSON, 000–00–0000 AMBER K. BALLARD, 000–00–0000 MAJ. ROY E. PENSHORN, 000–00–0000 ARYN A. BALLARD, 000–00–0000 lowing the prayer, the Journal of pro- MAJ. DANA S. QUINN, 000–00–0000 ADAM V. BALUKONIS, 000–00–0000 ceedings be deemed approved to date, MAJ. THOMAS H. SHAW, 000–00–0000 JOE D. BANNER, 000–00–0000 MAJ. DEBORA F. SKUSE, 000–00–0000 KEVIN S. BARDONNER, 000–00–0000 the time for the two leaders be re- MAJ. JOHN B. SOILEAU, JR., 000–00–0000 THOMAS H. BARNARD, 000–00–0000 served for their use later in the day, MAJ. MARK S. STOUDENMIRE, 000–00–0000 ERIC B. BARR, 000–00–0000 MAJ. MARTIN J. TROUT, 000–00–0000 SUNNY D. BARSE, 000–00–0000 and the Senate then resume consider- MAJ. JOHN S. TUOHY, 000–00–0000 AARON C. BARTA, 000–00–0000 ation of Senate Concurrent Resolution MAJ. JAMES W. UNDERWOOD, 000–00–0000 JAMES B. BARTHOLOMEES, 000–00–0000 MAJ. RICHARD J. UTECHT, 000–00–0000 HEATHER J. BARTOLD, 000–00–0000 13, the concurrent budget resolution. MAJ. DANIEL K. WESTMORELAND, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. BASELUOS, 000–00–0000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MAJ. BRADLEY N. WILKERSON, 000–00–0000 CHAD T. BATES, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS JOHN W. BAUER, 000–00–0000 objection, it is so ordered. RICARDO A. BAUTISTA, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel DAVID M. BEAIRD, III, 000–00–0000 f SLADE H. BEAUDOIN, 000–00–0000 MAJ. ZETTIE E. PAGE III, 000–00–0000 KIMBERLY A. BECK, 000–00–0000 ORDER FOR RECESS FROM 4:20 To be lieutenant colonel DAMON A. BECKNEL, 000–00–0000 SHAWN D. BEEBE, 000–00–0000 P.M. TO 5 P.M. TOMORROW MAJ. MICHAEL VANDEVEER, 000–00–0000 JEFF R. BEIERLEIN, 000–00–0000 DAVID G. BELL, 000–00–0000 Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, I DENTAL CORPS MICHELLE M. BENCOMO, 000–00–0000 also ask unanimous consent that the To be lieutenant colonel JACK W. BENECKE, 000–00–0000 ANDREW M. BENJAMIN, 000–00–0000 Senate stand in recess between the MAJ. PHILIP M. ABSHERE, 000–00–0000 PAUL T. BERGHAUS, 000–00–0000 ROBBIE W. BERGLUND, 000–00–0000 hours of 4:20 p.m. and 5 p.m. in order IN THE ARMY for all Members to attend a ceremony MICHAEL L. BERNSTEIN, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER, ON THE ACTIVE CHRISTOP E. BERRY, 000–00–0000 unveiling a bust of former Vice Presi- DUTY LIST, FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE INDICATED PETER J. BERTANZETTI, 000–00–0000 dent Agnew. IN THE U.S. ARMY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTIONS 626 JOSEPH D. BERTRAND, 000–00–0000 AND 628, TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE. THOMAS BEVERLEY, 000–00–0000 The PRESIDING OFFCER. Without CHAD M. BILBREY, 000–00–0000 ARMY MICHAEL E. BINDAS, 000–00–0000 objection, it is so ordered. PHILIP E. BINDON, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel MATTHEW S. BIRD, 000–00–0000 f ROBERT G. KOWALSKI, 000–00–0000 DANIEL J. BIRNBAUM, 000–00–0000 TODD A. BLACKWELL, 000–00–0000 PROGRAM THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS, ON THE ACTIVE JOHN H. BLAHA, 000–00–0000 DUTY LIST, FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADES INDICATED TYRONE M. BLAND, 000–00–0000 Mr. KEMPTHORNE. For the informa- IN THE U.S. ARMY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTIONS 624 BRIAN J. BLEDSOE, 000–00–0000 tion of all Senators, the Senate will re- AND 628, TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE. THE OFFICERS MARK A. BLISS, 000–00–0000 IDENTIFIED WITH AN ASTERISK ARE ALSO BEING NOMI- THOMAS G. BLOUNT, 000–00–0000 sume consideration of the budget reso- NATED FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY. PAUL C. BOATMAN, 000–00–0000

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00132 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7269

MARK A. BOEKE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL CRENSHAW, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. FUNDERBURKE, 000–00–0000 BRIAN C. BOLIO, 000–00–0000 JESSE A. CRISPINO, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. GABBERT, 000–00–0000 PATRICIA D. BORCHER, 000–00–0000 GARRY F. CROSSLAND, JR. 000–00–0000 ARMAND L. GADOURY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL C. BORCHERS, 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. CROSSON, 000–00–0000 CATHERIN N. GAFFIGAN, 000–00–0000 THEODORE S. BOSLEY, 000–00–0000 JAMES C. CROWLEY, 000–00–0000 DENNIS C. GANSEN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP E. BOVE, 000–00–0000 CORD W. CUNNINGHAM, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. GARBARINO, 000–00–0000 TANYA M. BOVETSKY, 000–00–0000 JASON A. CURL, 000–00–0000 NICOLE K. GARDNER, 000–00–0000 MELANIE D. BOWERS, 000–00–0000 PHILIP J. DACUNTO, 000–00–0000 CARRIE L. GARINGER, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW R. BOWLER, 000–00–0000 LARRY S. DAFFIN, 000–00–0000 GREG P. GARRISON, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY L. BOWMAN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT P. DAMARE, 000–00–0000 PATRICK N. GASPARRO, 000–00–0000 BRANDON N. BOX, 000–00–0000 FRANCES S. DANAHER, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW A. GEHRMANN, 000–00–0000 DAVID N. BOX, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY J. DANIEL, 000–00–0000 RANDELL E. GELZER, JR., 000–00–0000 EDWARD A. BRADY, 000–00–0000 TODD J. DAVID, 000–00–0000 COREY S. GERVING, 000–00–0000 PETER A. BRANDT, 000–00–0000 NEIL B. DAVIDS, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY W. GIANNETTI, 000–00–0000 TERRY D. BRANNAN, 000–00–0000 WARREN E. DAVIDSON, 000–00–0000 PETER N. GIAVARA, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN P. BREAZEALE, 000–00–0000 CAROLYN M. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. GIGLIO, 000–00–0000 ERICH D. BRELJE, 000–00–0000 SCOTT F. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY S. GILLETTE, 000–00–0000 JOHN E. BRENNAN III, 000–00–0000 VENDECK M. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 SCOTT D. GILMAN, 000–00–0000 SHANNON L. BRENNAN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM E. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. GIORDANO, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER A. BREWER, 000–00–0000 PAUL W. DAVISON, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN J. GITTLER, 000–00–0000 REID S. BREWER, 000–00–0000 MARK C. DEAN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM C. GLIDEWELL, 000–00–0000 JASON A. BRIZIC, 000–00–0000 DALE G. DEGEN, 000–00–0000 KARINE A. GLORIOD, 000–00–0000 HERBERT J. BROCK IV, 000–00–0000 CLAYTON H. DEGIACINTO, 000–00–0000 BRANDON S. GLOVER, 000–00–0000 JARETT D. BROEMMEL, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH S. DEGLIUOMINI, 000–00–0000 DAVID M. GLOYSTEIN, 000–00–0000 ANN M. BROSIER, 000–00–0000 GILBERT F. DEIMEL II, 000–00–0000 GARY M. GODBEE, 000–00–0000 BRENT E. BROWN, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. DELAPENA, 000–00–0000 STEVEN F. GRATZER, 000–00–0000 DANTE O. BROWN, 000–00–0000 TRAVIS C. DELK, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. GRECO, 000–00–0000 KELLY C. BROWN, 000–00–0000 KEITH R. DELOACH, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP L. GREEN, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY N. BRUCE, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY M. DELUCA, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL H. GREENBERG, 000–00–0000 JAMES E. BRYAN, 000–00–0000 BRADY A. DEMAREST, 000–00–0000 BRETT S. GREENE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES E. BRYANT, 000–00–0000 SEAN E. DEMEULE, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY P. GREENE, 000–00–0000 STANLEY M. BUCHESKY, 000–00–0000 RONALD T. DEMOTT, 000–00–0000 JON M. GREESON, JR., 000–00–0000 SHELBY L. BUCHLY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. DENNIS, 000–00–0000 EUGENE J. GREGORY III, 000–00–0000 MEHMET I. BUDAK, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW S. DENNY, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. GREGOS, JR., 000–00–0000 JOHN F. BUERGLER, 000–00–0000 GERALD A. DERRICK, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. GRIBSCHAW, 000–00–0000 JOEL N. BUFFARDI, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS M. DESCAMPS, 000–00–0000 BRANDON R. GROGAN, 000–00–0000 LINWOOD J. BUFORD, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL G. DHUNJISHAH, 000–00–0000 GREGORY A. GUALTIERI, 000–00–0000 TODD E. BUHR, 000–00–0000 BRET M. DIAZ, 000–00–0000 REY D. GUMBOC, 000–00–0000 AN H. BUI, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. DICKSON, 000–00–0000 PAUL B. GUNNISON, 000–00–0000 DALE W. BURBANK, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN L. DIETRICH, 000–00–0000 ERIC A. GUTTORMSEN, 000–00–0000 JOEL C. BURBANK, 000–00–0000 MARK C. DILLE, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW H. HAAS, 000–00–0000 KENNETH J. BURKEEN, 000–00–0000 ABRAHM C. DIMARCO, 000–00–0000 LEON R. HACHAT III, 000–00–0000 ERIN BURNS, 000–00–0000 BRIAN J. DIMEO, 000–00–0000 JUSTEN D. HACKENBERG, 000–00–0000 SCOTT A. BURNS, 000–00–0000 MARC J. DISTEFANO, 000–00–0000 KYLE O. HAIR, 000–00–0000 FRANK E. BYRNE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP L. DODD, 000–00–0000 DAVID L. HALL, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN C. BYROM, 000–00–0000 SCOT A. DOEPKER, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. HALL 000–00–0000 BRIAN R. CAHAK, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. DOHENY, 000–00–0000 JOHN N. HALL, IV, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW A. CALARCO, 000–00–0000 CAROL M. DOLESKI, 000–00–0000 ROBERT T. HALL, 000–00–0000 CHRISTY J. CALDWELL, 000–00–0000 CALONDRA L. DOOLEY, 000–00–0000 CHARLES K. HAMMOND III, 000–00–0000 DIANNA K. CALDWELL, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER M. DORMIRE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. HAMMOND III, 000–00–0000 JASON C. CALDWELL, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW D. DOSSEY, 000–00–0000 JASON M. HANCE, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY M. CALLANDRILLO, 000–00–0000 JAMES L. DOTY III, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY T. HANSON, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. CAMERON, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. DOYLE IV, 000–00–0000 RYAN W. HANSON, 000–00–0000 MARTIN D. CAMP, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN H. DOYLE, 000–00–0000 ERIC B. HARDY, 000–00–0000 CHAD E. CAMPFIELD, 000–00–0000 KELLY S. DOYLE, 000–00–0000 KEVIN P. HARE, 000–00–0000 ANNA M. CANDLER, 000–00–0000 EDWARD W. DRESCH II, 000–00–0000 PATRICK K. HARKINS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTIA T. CANNON, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP C. DREXEL II, 000–00–0000 GROVER C. HARMS, JR., 000–00–0000 JAMES S. CAPPS, 000–00–0000 CHARLES E. DRISCOLL, 000–00–0000 MIKELL C. HARPER, 000–00–0000 KEVIN S. CAPRA, 000–00–0000 ERIC J. DUCKWORTH, 000–00–0000 TODD D. HARRINGTON, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. CAREY, 000–00–0000 JAMES P. DUNCAN, 000–00–0000 PETER G. HART, 000–00–0000 PETER P. CARNEGIE, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. DUNLOP, 000–00–0000 EZEKIEL J. HARVEY, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. CARNEVALE, 000–00–0000 ERIC A. DUVALL, 000–00–0000 FROWENE S. HARVEY, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. CARREIRO, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. DYKE III, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. HASKIN, 000–00–0000 ANDREW T. CARTER, 000–00–0000 ERIC C. EAVES, 000–00–0000 DEREK T. HASTY, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN P. CASE, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW R. EDMOND, 000–00–0000 RONALD C. HASZ, 000–00–0000 KENT D. CAVALLINI, 000–00–0000 BRENT T. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 JOSHUA A. HATFIELD, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL E. CERNIAUSKAS, 000–00–0000 DOMINICK L. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 TIFFANY S. HAVASY, 000–00–0000 CHAD C. CHALFONT, 000–00–0000 LARRY D. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY W. HAVERTY, 000–00–0000 KEVIN S. CHANEY, 000–00–0000 SARAH V. EICHINGER, 000–00–0000 BRANDON H. HAVRON, 000–00–0000 HANNAH A. CHANG, 000–00–0000 TROY J. EIGNER, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. HAWKINS, 000–00–0000 SHAUN W. CHELF, 000–00–0000 JANET M. ELBERT, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH S. HAYNES, 000–00–0000 CHRISTA M. CHEWAR, 000–00–0000 DANIEL G. ELLIOTT, 000–00–0000 NATHAN J. HAYS, 000–00–0000 MICKEY S. CHO, 000–00–0000 KYLE T. ELLIOTT, 000–00–0000 DANIEL T. HEAD, 000–00–0000 STEVEN N. CHO, 000–00–0000 JAMES C. ELLIS, 000–00–0000 MARK S. HEBERT, 000–00–0000 RICHARD J. CHONG, 000–00–0000 BRAD W. ENDRES, 000–00–0000 ROBERT R. HECKATHORNE, JR., 000–00–0000 ANDREW H. CHRISTIANSEN, 000–00–0000 ETHAN M. EPSTEIN, 000–00–0000 JOHN K. HEDSTROM, 000–00–0000 CLAYTON S. CHRISTMAN, 000–00–0000 HANS G. ERICKSON, 000–00–0000 BRIAN S. HEFNER, 000–00–0000 JOHN S. CHU, 000–00–0000 RANDY J. ERICKSON, 000–00–0000 KURT F. HEISS, 000–00–0000 JAMES H. CHUN, 000–00–0000 ROSS T. ERICKSON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT B. HENDRY, 000–00–0000 KEVIN K. CHUNG, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW D. ERLACHER, 000–00–0000 BRIAN T. HENNAMAN, 000–00–0000 BLAKE F. CHURCH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL T. ETTER, 000–00–0000 SEAN P. HENNESSY, 000–00–0000 LUIS A. CIFUENTES, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP J. EWOLSKI, 000–00–0000 EDWARD C. HENRICHSON, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. CLARK, 000–00–0000 ERIC A. FARKAS, 000–00–0000 GARTH S. HERBERT, 000–00–0000 MEGAN B. CLARK, 000–00–0000 MARK W. FAULKNER, 000–00–0000 MANUEL J. HERNANDEZ, 000–00–0000 ROBERT W. CLARK III, 000–00–0000 MARK V. FAVETTI, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM L. HICKMAN III, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER R. CLEGG, 000–00–0000 SCOTT W. FELDE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP S. HICKS, 000–00–0000 STEVEN A. CLINE, 000–00–0000 CRAIG W. FELLMAN, 000–00–0000 JOSHUA P. HIGGINS, 000–00–0000 SPENCER J. CLOUATRE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS B. FENOSEFF, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN L. HIGHLEY, 000–00–0000 NOAH C. CLOUD, 000–00–0000 TROY C. FERGUSON, 000–00–0000 JOHN T. HILDEBRANT, 000–00–0000 MARCO M. COEN, 000–00–0000 RONALD A. FERLAZZO, 000–00–0000 ANDREW C. HILMES, 000–00–0000 KYLER S. COLE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT A. FERRIS, JR., 000–00–0000 GREGORY E. HINSON, 000–00–0000 STEVEN R. COLE, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN D. FIELD, 000–00–0000 TROY E. HIVELY, 000–00–0000 BRYAN A. COLEMAN, 000–00–0000 JASON E. FIGUEIREDO, 000–00–0000 FRANCIS Q. HOANG, 000–00–0000 SHANNON L. COLL, 000–00–0000 TARAS T. FILENKO, 000–00–0000 ERIC M. HOBSON, 000–00–0000 CLYDE E. COLLINS, JR., 000–00–0000 KEVIN E. FINCH, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN HOCKENBERRY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. COLON, 000–00–0000 SEAN P. FINNEGAN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP D. HOCKENBERRY, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. COLWELL II, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS A. FISCHER, 000–00–0000 FREDERIC A. HOCKETT, JR., 000–00–0000 PETER G. CONBOY, 000–00–0000 JORDAN J. FISHER, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY H. HOCKING, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM M. CONDE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. FISHER, 000–00–0000 SHAUGHNE D. HODGE, 000–00–0000 TRISHA L. CONRAD, 000–00–0000 KERRY S. FLETCHER, 000–00–0000 DANIEL A. HOFFMAN, 000–00–0000 JOSE A. CORA, 000–00–0000 KATHELIN C. FLURY, 000–00–0000 KRISTA M. HOFFMAN, 000–00–0000 ANDREW S. CORNELIUS, 000–00–0000 SEAN C. FLYNN, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. HOGAN, 000–00–0000 JASON D. CORNETT, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY H. FLYNN, 000–00–0000 NANCY L. HOGAN, 000–00–0000 ERNESTO A. CORTEZ, 000–00–0000 BRIAN T. FOGARTY, 000–00–0000 JEREMY D. HOIT, 000–00–0000 STUART R. COSTON, 000–00–0000 BRIAN J. FOLDENAUER, 000–00–0000 EMILY B. HOLCOMB, 000–00–0000 RIVAS J. COTTO, 000–00–0000 MARC A. FOLSOM, 000–00–0000 MARGARET E. HOLDERNESS, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN COURREGES, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. FORBIS, 000–00–0000 RONALD J. HOLLMANN, 000–00–0000 PHILIP A. COWLEY, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. FRAGNITO, 000–00–0000 JOHNELL R. HOLLY, 000–00–0000 BRIAN A. COX, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. FRANCOMB, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. HOLLY, 000–00–0000 NATHAN A. COX, 000–00–0000 JOHNATHA B. FRASIER, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. HOPKINS, 000–00–0000 RICHARD R. COYLE, 000–00–0000 STEVEN J. FREDERIKSEN, 000–00–0000 ANDREW W. HOSPODAR, 000–00–0000 JAMES G. CRAIG III, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. FREEMAN III, 000–00–0000 DANIEL H. HOUSEWORTH, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS B. CRANDALL, 000–00–0000 JOSHUA M. FREEMAN, 000–00–0000 MARK C. HOUSTON, 000–00–0000 NEAVOLIA N. CRANE, 000–00–0000 ZEBEDEE I. FREEMAN, 000–00–0000 ANDREW T. HOWARD, 000–00–0000 FRANKLIN E. CRAWFORD, 000–00–0000 LUIS A. FREGOSO, 000–00–0000 NATHAN P. HUBER, 000–00–0000 JEREMY W. CRAWFORD, 000–00–0000 ANDREA J. FRENCH, 000–00–0000 SAMUEL F. HUDSON, 000–00–0000 TROY D. CREASON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. FRITERS, 000–00–0000 JASON T. HULL, 000–00–0000

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JASON C. HUTTON, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER LISI, 000–00–0000 SCOTT C. NAUMAN, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN E. HWANG, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW R. LITTLE, 000–00–0000 JAMES T. NAYLOR, 000–00–0000 WONG J. HWANG, 000–00–0000 REED A. LITTLE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. NEILITZ, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY S. IASSO, 000–00–0000 RICKY C. LIU, 000–00–0000 ERIC J. NELSON, 000–00–0000 SHERWOOD K. IIDA, 000–00–0000 WENG W. LO, 000–00–0000 JOHN E. NELSON, 000–00–0000 KYU B. IM, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY R. LOVELAND, 000–00–0000 LEON J. NESTI, 000–00–0000 BRIAN A. IVIE, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND A. LUND, 000–00–0000 DANIEL D. NETTESHEIM, 000–00–0000 DEMARIS B. JACKSON, 000–00–0000 GREGORY T. LUNDAHL, 000–00–0000 ETHAN S. NEUENSCHWAND, 000–00–0000 BRUCE A. JAGGARD, 000–00–0000 CASS D. LUNDGREN, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW P. NEUMEYER, 000–00–0000 GENE Y. JAHNG, 000–00–0000 ANDREW J. LYMAN, 000–00–0000 LAN-DINH NGO, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY P. JAJACK, 000–00–0000 DIANE E. LYNE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS H. NGUYEN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. JAMES, 000–00–0000 DANIEL G. LYNN, 000–00–0000 CLAYTON J. NICHOLAS, 000–00–0000 NATHAN P. JANYSEK, 000–00–0000 KORY T. LYONS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP J. NICOLINI, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. JASON, 000–00–0000 PETER J. MAC AKANJA, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. NIELSON, 000–00–0000 SHARON A. JEFFERIES, 000–00–0000 ROMEO R. MAC ALINTAL, JR., 000–00–0000 QUENTIN C. NOREIGA, 000–00–0000 JOEL M. JENSEN, 000–00–0000 ALEXANDE D. MAC CALMAN, JR., 000–00–0000 TAW D. NORTH, 000–00–0000 JON M. JEPKO, 000–00–0000 KELLY G. MAC DONALD, 000–00–0000 ANDREW J. NORTON, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW A. JESOP, 000–00–0000 TARA E. MACH, 000–00–0000 MARCUS D. NOVACHECK, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. JETTINGHOFF, 000–00–0000 ROBIE C. MAC LAUGHLIN, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. NOVAK IV, 000–00–0000 JAMES W. JOHNG, 000–00–0000 ANDREW F. MAC LEAN, 000–00–0000 RONALD J. NOVOTNY, JR. 000–00–0000 KEVIN M. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. MADALO, 000–00–0000 RODERICK J. O’CONNOR, JR. 000–00–0000 MARK C. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 JON P. MADDALONI, 000–00–0000 SHAWN P. O’CONNOR, 000–00–0000 MARK D. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 PAUL J. MAGGIANO, 000–00–0000 ROMY D. O’DANIEL, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER A. JOHNSTON, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. MAGUIRE, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH R. O’DELL, 000–00–0000 PAUL D. JOHNSTON, 000–00–0000 DENNIS B. MAIER, 000–00–0000 ANDREW B. OFF, 000–00–0000 TIGE A. JOHNSTON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. MAKOVEC, 000–00–0000 ERIC R. OLIVER, 000–00–0000 DONDRA T. JOLLY, 000–00–0000 MARK S. MANFREDONIA, 000–00–0000 DEAN E. OLMSTEAD, III, 000–00–0000 JUAN S. JONES, 000–00–0000 JEREMY T. MANNING, 000–00–0000 PAUL E. OLSON, JR. 000–00–0000 EUSI M. JORDAN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP R. MANSKE, 000–00–0000 STEVEN J. OLSON, 000–00–0000 MARCO A. JUAREZ, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN T. MARCHANT, 000–00–0000 LUKE A. OMEY, 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. JUETTEN, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN V. MARCHESANI, 000–00–0000 ARTHUR L. ONEAL, JR. 000–00–0000 EDUARDO A. JUGUETA, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW R. MARCINIAK, 000–00–0000 PAUL P. ORABONA, 000–00–0000 JONG H. JUN, 000–00–0000 ALLAN MARI, 000–00–0000 AARON D. OSBURN, 000–00–0000 EDWARD A. JUST III, 000–00–0000 REBECCA E. MARIER, 000–00–0000 CARLOS E. PALACIOS, 000–00–0000 AARON J. JUSTICE, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE C. MARION, 000–00–0000 JASON N. PALMER, 000–00–0000 LUCAS D. KAGEL, 000–00–0000 GRANT C. MARKS, 000–00–0000 NOEL F. PALMER, 000–00–0000 CYNTHIA M. KANIS, 000–00–0000 DAMIAN C. MARQUITH, 000–00–0000 CHAD M. PALODICHUK, 000–00–0000 MARK G. KAPPELMANN, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN C. MARR, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER Y. PARAM, 000–00–0000 NICHOLAS T. KARABATSOS, 000–00–0000 JOHN T. MARRO, 000–00–0000 JASON K. PARKER, 000–00–0000 KATHERIN S. KARWAN, 000–00–0000 RYAN M. MARRO, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM M. PARKER, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. KARWATKA, 000–00–0000 RYAN T. MARSH, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. PASSANTE, 000–00–0000 NAKIZITO N. KAZIGO, 000–00–0000 BARTHOLO P. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 JOEL L. PATES, 000–00–0000 JEANNINE M. KEAST, 000–00–0000 EDGAR E. MARTIN, JR., 000–00–0000 JAMES R. PATTON, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN L. 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KERR, 000–00–0000 DANIEL J. MC AULIFFE, 000–00–0000 GLEN A. PETERSON, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN W. KERSH, 000–00–0000 KATIE J. MC AVOY, 000–00–0000 PATRICK D. PFLAUM, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW F. KETCHUM, 000–00–0000 SCOTT D. MC CARTY, 000–00–0000 DAVID C. PHILLIPS, 000–00–0000 JASON T. KIDDER, 000–00–0000 NATHAN W. MC CAULEY, 000–00–0000 DAVID J. PHILLIPS, 000–00–0000 THOMAS P. KILKENNEY, 000–00–0000 RYAN W. MC CAUSLAND, 000–00–0000 JAMES P. PHILLIPS II, 000–00–0000 DAVID S. HOO KIM, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. MC DERMOTT III, 000–00–0000 TERRY D. PHILLIPS, JR., 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS D. KIM, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY E. MC DONALD, 000–00–0000 STACEY L. PITTMAN, 000–00–0000 GLENN KIM, 000–00–0000 BRIAN D. MC DONALD, 000–00–0000 WARREN L. PITTMAN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM L. KIM, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. MC DONALD, 000–00–0000 DEREK W. PLACKE, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND A. KIMBALL, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM P. MC DONOUGH, 000–00–0000 ROGER D. PLASTER, 000–00–0000 JAMES M. KIMBROUGH IV, 000–00–0000 DAVID H. MC DOWELL, 000–00–0000 THOMAS P. POEPPING, 000–00–0000 MILTON L. KINSLOW, 000–00–0000 PAUL G. MC GLYN, 000–00–0000 PATRICK J. POLLOCK, 000–00–0000 DARYL S. KIRKLAND, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL C. MC GOVERN, 000–00–0000 MARCUS C. PONCEDELEON, 000–00–0000 PAUL A. KIRSCHBAUM, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. MC GRATH, JR., 000–00–0000 JOSHUA W. PORTEN, 000–00–0000 HEATHER M. KITSON, 000–00–0000 COLIN P. MC GRAW, 000–00–0000 QUENTIN J. PORTIS, 000–00–0000 ERIC C. KLINGEMANN, 000–00–0000 TROY E. MC HENRY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY H. POWELL II, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN P. KLUG, 000–00–0000 SEAN P. MC HUGH, 000–00–0000 LEWIS J. POWERS, 000–00–0000 ZACHARY T. KNEPPER, 000–00–0000 ANDREW S. MC INTYRE, 000–00–0000 KERRY S. PROWELL, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW H. KNORR, 000–00–0000 KYLE R. MC INTYRE, 000–00–0000 DARRIN C. PUCKETT, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. KOEHLER, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL F. MC LAUGHLIN, 000–00–0000 HANS J. PUNG, 000–00–0000 RONALD L. KOELSCH, JR., 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. MC NALLY, 000–00–0000 AJIT V. PURANDARE, 000–00–0000 MARCUS A. KOEPPLINGER, JR., 000–00–0000 KRIS A. MEDEIROS, 000–00–0000 ROSSEL J. PURCELL, 000–00–0000 NATASHA KOFF, 000–00–0000 YUTTANA MEECHAROEN, 000–00–0000 MARK C. QUANDER, 000–00–0000 JAMES S. KOTWIS, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH L. MEHRTEN, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY A. QUINN, 000–00–0000 PAULA D. KRANZ, 000–00–0000 GRETCHEN M. MEIER, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW T. QUINN, 000–00–0000 ALYSSA J. KROMER, 000–00–0000 MICHELLE A. MEIER, 000–00–0000 COLLEEN M. RABATIN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. KROTEE, 000–00–0000 AARON M. MEILLEUR, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM N. RADICIC, 000–00–0000 KURT J. KRUMMENACKER, 000–00–0000 BRIAN A. MEINSHAUSEN, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. RAINS, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. KUCHAN, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH S. MEISINGER, 000–00–0000 GERARD RAPISARDA, 000–00–0000 CORNELIU W. KUGLER, 000–00–0000 BRIAN A. MELLO, 000–00–0000 AYMAN M. RATEB, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP T. KUHN, 000–00–0000 EUGENE M. MELLO, JR., 000–00–0000 SCOTT W. RATH, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. KURTH, 000–00–0000 RICHARD V. MELNYK, 000–00–0000 STEVEN M. RAY, 000–00–0000 YONG D. KWON, 000–00–0000 OTMARO A. MENJIVAR, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS A. RAYMOND, 000–00–0000 TARRA O. LAGUENS, 000–00–0000 OAGILE M. MERAFHE, 000–00–0000 MARK G. REARDANZ, 000–00–0000 AARON G. LAMBERT, 000–00–0000 JASON J. MERCHANT, 000–00–0000 SHAD A. REED, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN L. LAMBERT, 000–00–0000 MARVIN T. MERCIER, 000–00–0000 MARK D. REEL, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL T. LANEY, 000–00–0000 ERIC P. MEYER, 000–00–0000 NATHAN R. REEL, 000–00–0000 LEE S. LANGFORD, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. MICHAUD, 000–00–0000 DALE R. REHKOPF II, 000–00–0000 GWENDOLY S. LANGTON, 000–00–0000 MARK D. MILES, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. REISS, 000–00–0000 CINDY T. LAOBOONMI, 000–00–0000 ERIC B. MILLER, 000–00–0000 KEVIN D. RELEFORD, 000–00–0000 LYLE E. LARKWORTHY, 000–00–0000 CASEY R. MINOTT, 000–00–0000 CLAYTON M. REMPE, 000–00–0000 PAUL W. LAROQUE, 000–00–0000 JASON A. MISELI, 000–00–0000 CRAIG D. RENNARD, 000–00–0000 ROBERT K. LASHBROOK, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. MOFFITT, 000–00–0000 CLYDE A. RENNIE, JR., 000–00–0000 LANCE J. LAUCHENGCO, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN A. MOHME, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. REYBURN, 000–00–0000 FREDRIC R. LAUGHLIN, 000–00–0000 AARON T. MORGAN, 000–00–0000 ERICK L. RHEAM, 000–00–0000 WAYNE C. LAWLER, 000–00–0000 DEVON G. MORRIS, 000–00–0000 ROSE E. RICE, 000–00–0000 GAVIN A. LAWRENCE, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. MOSTELLAR, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM M. RICKS, 000–00–0000 GREGORY A. LEAVELL, 000–00–0000 JOHN B. MOUNTFORD, 000–00–0000 ANDREW D. RIEGER, 000–00–0000 ARTE R. LEDYARD, 000–00–0000 DANIEL E. MOUTON, 000–00–0000 ANA L. RIOS, 000–00–0000 COREY E. LEE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. MOYERS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOP J. ROACH, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH C. LEE, 000–00–0000 MANDI J. MOYNIHAN, 000–00–0000 ROBIN L. ROBBINS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT H. LEE, 000–00–0000 NEIL E. MULAC, 000–00–0000 WALTER G. ROBERSON, JR., 000–00–0000 ERIC W. LEETCH, 000–00–0000 PATRICK D. MUNSON, 000–00–0000 KURT W. ROBERTS, 000–00–0000 DAMIEN J. LEIGH, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. MURPHY, JR., 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY J. RODGERS, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN L. LESSAR, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN O. MURPHY, 000–00–0000 DAVID J. ROEHN, 000–00–0000 PAUL E. LIMA, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW C. MYLLYKANGAS, 000–00–0000 AUGUST J. ROLLING, 000–00–0000 SANDRA B. LIMON, 000–00–0000 KEVIN Y. NABB, 000–00–0000 EDUARDO ROMERO, 000–00–0000 CHARLOTT A. LINCOLN, 000–00–0000 RALPH D. NACEY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD K. ROPER, 000–00–0000 ARTURO Z. LINCON, 000–00–0000 REGINA NANEZ, 000–00–0000 KATHERIN V. ROSE, 000–00–0000 TRAVIS J. LINDBERG, 000–00–0000 GREGORY J. NARDI, 000–00–0000 MARIA V. ROSEL, 000–00–0000 KENT R. LINDNER, 000–00–0000 WALTER E. NARRAMORE, 000–00–0000 DONALD J. ROSS, 000–00–0000 RACHAEL A. LINN, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN L. NASH, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER E. ROSS, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM D. LINN II, 000–00–0000 CORNELIU B. NASH, 000–00–0000 SARAH G. ROSS, 000–00–0000

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MICHAEL M. ROSSI, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM C. TAYLOR, JR., 000–00–0000 MARK A. YURKO, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. ROSSI, 000–00–0000 EDWARD B. TEAGUE IV, 000–00–0000 BRIGITTE J. YUSKIS, 000–00–0000 MARC A. ROUSSEAU, 000–00–0000 CRISTIAN D. TEIXEIRA, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. ZAHURANIC, 000–00–0000 JASON T. ROWE, 000–00–0000 RYAN D. TEKSTEN, 000–00–0000 THAD D. ZAK, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. ROWE, 000–00–0000 ALONSO W. TERAN, 000–00–0000 CLAUDIA ZAVALA, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN A. RUFENACHT, 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. TERESE, 000–00–0000 AARON M. ZELHART, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY W. RUSH, 000–00–0000 ERICH R. THEN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. ZEUNIK, 000–00–0000 LISA M. RUSSELL, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. THOMAN, 000–00–0000 ANDREW S. ZIESENISS, 000–00–0000 SCOTT W. RUTLER, 000–00–0000 ABIGAIL H. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 DAVID J. ZINN, 000–00–0000 PAUL M. RYAN, 000–00–0000 GREGORY I. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL Z. ZIZZA, 000–00–0000 HEATHER B. RYKARD, 000–00–0000 MALCOLM F. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 JEB S. ZOLLER, 000–00–0000 KEVIN C. SAATKAMP, 000–00–0000 MARK W. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED RESERVE OFFICER’S TRAIN- DANIEL L. SALISBURY II, 000–00–0000 ERIK W. THOMSEN, 000–00–0000 ING CORPS CADETS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR BRYAN W. SALYERS, 000–00–0000 DARIN J. THOMSON, 000–00–0000 ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, IN THE GRADE OF SEC- LEONA M. SANDERS, 000–00–0000 DEREK K. THOMSON, 000–00–0000 OND LIEUTENANT, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, CRISTINA M. SANTIAGO, 000–00–0000 JEANNE M. TIERNEY, 000–00–0000 UNITED STATES CODE, SECTIONS 531, 532, AND 533: ALEXANDE S. SARIC, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. TOBEY, 000–00–0000 DENNIS M. SARMIENTO, 000–00–0000 ALLYSON M. TOCE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT K. AAS, 000–00–0000 RYAN J. SAULSBURY, 000–00–0000 DERRICK W. TODDY, 000–00–0000 JOYCE A. ABALOS, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM C. SAUNDERS, 000–00–0000 TANYA T. TOLLES, 000–00–0000 ALISSA R. ACKLEY, 000–00–0000 DAVID T. SAWYER, 000–00–0000 JOSHUA M. TOMAN, 000–00–0000 RALPH G. ADAM, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW SCALIA, 000–00–0000 WAYNE C. TOWNSEND, 000–00–0000 BRIAN L. ADAMS, 000–00–0000 PAUL W. SCHAEFER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. TRAFICANO, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER L. ADAMS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. SCHEXNAYDER, 000–00–0000 GERARDO A. TREVINO, 000–00–0000 THOMAS L. ADAMS, JR., 000–00–0000 JOSEPH B. SCHINO, 000–00–0000 MARK S. TROTT, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER J. ADDINGTON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT SCHLICHT, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. TROTTER, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN T. ADKINS, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY O. SCHMITT, 000–00–0000 HEIDI A. TRUSH, 000–00–0000 PAUL E. AHERN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN M. SCHOENBAECHLER, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. TUITE IV, 000–00–0000 SCOT T. AIDT, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY J. SCHOLMA, 000–00–0000 YVETTE R. TURNER, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. AIMONE, 000–00–0000 CONRAD A. SCHUPAY, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. TURPIN, 000–00–0000 TRISTAN N. AITKEN, 000–00–0000 HEATHER L. SCHWALBER, 000–00–0000 DAVID B. UDALL, 000–00–0000 THOMAS S. AKIN, 000–00–0000 CRAIG W. SCHWARTZ, 000–00–0000 PAUL M. 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VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00135 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995

JEFFREY A. BECKER, 000–00–0000 ANGELA C. CAVE, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. DOLINA, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. BECKHAM, 000–00–0000 FRANK D. CERESKA, 000–00–0000 JULIAN A. DOMINGUEZ, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. BECKING, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY P. CHAMBERLAIN, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY J. DONCHEZ, 000–00–0000 STEVEN M. BEECHAM, 000–00–0000 ANDREW S. CHAPIN, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. DONLEY, 000–00–0000 RONALD R. BEER, 000–00–0000 ROSS W. CHARTON, 000–00–0000 PATRICK K. DONOVAN, 000–00–0000 CORY B. BEILHARZ, 000–00–0000 NANCY E. CHAVEZ, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. DOOLEY, 000–00–0000 RALPHAEL R. BELL, JR., 000–00–0000 BRYAN L. CHEEK, 000–00–0000 KENNETH J. DORIO, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER G. BENDA, 000–00–0000 DERRICK W. CHENG, 000–00–0000 SHANNON W. DOTSON, 000–00–0000 JASON M. BENDER, 000–00–0000 ERIC T. CHILGREN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. DOUGHERTY, 000–00–0000 DANIEL J. BENICK, 000–00–0000 EUGENE J. CHRISTEN III, 000–00–0000 BRYAN M. DOUGLAS, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY F. BENINI, 000–00–0000 DEREK P. CHRISTENSEN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. DOUGLAS, 000–00–0000 RICHARD C. BENNETT, 000–00–0000 JAKE A. CHRISTENSEN, 000–00–0000 CHARLES P. DOWNIE, 000–00–0000 JAMES K. BENSON, 000–00–0000 JON F. CHRISTIANSEN, 000–00–0000 MARTA L. DOWNING, 000–00–0000 REBECCA K. BENSON, 000–00–0000 COREEN A. CHRISTOPHER, 000–00–0000 RANDY D. DRAPER, 000–00–0000 ROBERT S. BERG, 000–00–0000 CHAD M. CHRISTOPHERSEN, 000–00–0000 SCOTT F. DREIBELBIS, 000–00–0000 ERIC A. BERGANTZ, 000–00–0000 JAE W. CHUNG, 000–00–0000 KATHERINE J. DRISCOLL, 000–00–0000 JEREMY R. BERNADEAU, 000–00–0000 BLANE C. CLARK, 000–00–0000 GLEN R. DRYSDALE, 000–00–0000 CURTIS W. BERNU, 000–00–0000 DEENA J. CLARK, 000–00–0000 STEPHANIE E. DUCKWORTH, 000–00–0000 JASON R. BERRISFORD, 000–00–0000 JERRY D. CLARK, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. DUCKWORTH II, 000–00–0000 DWIGHT R. BERRY, 000–00–0000 SCOTT C. CLARK, 000–00–0000 FREDERICK J. DUFAULT, 000–00–0000 PATRICK J. BERRY, 000–00–0000 DAVID H. CLARY, 000–00–0000 CHARLES J. DUGLE, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN M. BERT, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. 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BLANEY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD C. COLLINS, 000–00–0000 SEAN M. DYER, 000–00–0000 SHAWN B. BLANKENSHIP, 000–00–0000 THOMAS E. COLLINS III, 000–00–0000 THOMAS S. EARNHARDT, 000–00–0000 TIFFANY L. BLAUVELT, 000–00–0000 PATRICK T. COLLOTON, 000–00–0000 MARY T. EBERST, 000–00–0000 KEVIN D. BLAXTON, 000–00–0000 MOJICA A. COLON, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. EDGER, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER A. BLEVINS, 000–00–0000 KEVIN D. COLTON, 000–00–0000 JAMES F. EDMONDS, 000–00–0000 JASON B. BLEVINS, 000–00–0000 BLAINE L. COLVIN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL T. EDMONDSON, 000–00–0000 LANCE E. BOMBARD, 000–00–0000 KEVIN A. COMFORT, 000–00–0000 EDWIN F. EDMUNDS III, 000–00–0000 LEONARD A. BORNINO, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER D. COMPTON, 000–00–0000 DANIEL H. EDWAN, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH W. BOSCIA, 000–00–0000 GABRIELLE K. CONLEY, 000–00–0000 DEYNEL M. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 MATEJ BOSNJAK, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. COOK, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN A. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 CRAIG P. BOSTON, 000–00–0000 KELVIN K. COOPER, 000–00–0000 PAUL G. 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CUMMISKEY, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. EVANS, 000–00–0000 JOSETTE S. BRODHEAD, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS J. CUNNINGHAM, 000–00–0000 EDWARD V. EVE, JR, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. BROKOPP, 000–00–0000 LILLIAN A. CUNNINGHAM, 000–00–0000 JASON A. EVERS, 000–00–0000 CONWAY W. BROOKS, 000–00–0000 HOWARD L. CURLIN, 000–00–0000 EVAN C. EWACHIW, 000–00–0000 BOBBY J. BROOKSHIRE, 000–00–0000 DANIEL J. CURTIS, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER L. FADELEY, 000–00–0000 GREGORY E. BROWDER, 000–00–0000 WARREN T. CUSICK, 000–00–0000 LANCE D. FADELEY, 000–00–0000 DESHAUN M. BROWN, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. DAFFRON, 000–00–0000 DAVID E. FAIRRINGTON, 000–00–0000 ERIC L. BROWN, 000–00–0000 ERIK C. DAHL, 000–00–0000 PETER W. FARRELL, 000–00–0000 GARY L. BROWN, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY G. DALTON, 000–00–0000 WADE N. FAULKNER, 000–00–0000 JAMES E. BROWN III, 000–00–0000 KERRY A. DAMMEN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. FAZIO, 000–00–0000 LEONARD W. BROWN III, 000–00–0000 BRIAN K. DAMPIER, 000–00–0000 RYAN D. FEARNOW, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM J. BROWN, 000–00–0000 RUSSELL S. DANIS, 000–00–0000 ERIC M. FEENEY, 000–00–0000 DANIEL G. BRUINSMA, 000–00–0000 LYLE T. DARRAH, 000–00–0000 ERIC B. FEGLEY, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY L. BRUSLETTEN, 000–00–0000 JOHN W. DAVID, 000–00–0000 TAWNYA S. FEIEREISEN, 000–00–0000 RICHARD R. BRUSSELBACK, 000–00–0000 AMY E. DAVIDSON, 000–00–0000 COLKETA L. FEIMSTER, 000–00–0000 RODNEY S. BRYAN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN S. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 KURT P. FELDMANN, 000–00–0000 JAMES W. BRYANT, JR., 000–00–0000 CORY E. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 CASILLAS A. FELICIANO, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY D. BUCK, 000–00–0000 DEXTER B. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 ERICH FELLENZ, 000–00–0000 PATRICIA L. BUCKLEY, 000–00–0000 JAMAL D. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 ERICH T. FELPS, 000–00–0000 VINCENT J. BUKOWSKI, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY C. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 LETITIA L. FELTON, 000–00–0000 CHARLES R. BURNETT, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTINE M. FERGUSON, 000–00–0000 NATE W. BURNETT, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN H. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. 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MATTHEW B. GALINGER, 000–00–0000 JASON C. HEIBULT, 000–00–0000 CHARLES G. KEMPER IV, 000–00–0000 PAUL V. GANNON, 000–00–0000 JAMES M. HEIDENREICH, 000–00–0000 PATRICK M. KENNEDY, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM B. GARBER III, 000–00–0000 CORY L. HEINEKEN, 000–00–0000 KATHLEEN R. KENYON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT A. GARCIA, 000–00–0000 JASON A. HELTON, 000–00–0000 LEONARD W. KERGOSIEN, 000–00–0000 ALLISON L. GARDNER, 000–00–0000 JERRY W. HEMPFIELD III, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. KERNS, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. GARDNER, 000–00–0000 ELANA A. HEMPHILL, 000–00–0000 DEBRA K. KETCHUM, 000–00–0000 GREGORY W. GARNER, 000–00–0000 DUANE HENDERSON, 000–00–0000 OMER P. KETOLA, 000–00–0000 RAYFUS J. GARY, 000–00–0000 RYAN F. HENLEY, 000–00–0000 CYRIL G. KHAIRALLAH, 000–00–0000 WAYNE J. GAVIN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT B. HENSLEY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. KIELPINSKI, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. GAWLIK III, 000–00–0000 JESSICA L. HENSON, 000–00–0000 JESSICA W. KILLIN, 000–00–0000 CRAIG D. GEHRELS, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY J. 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ROGER L. MARCUM, 000–00–0000 KARL D. NEAL, 000–00–0000 SHERMAN S. POWELL, 000–00–0000 DANIEL C. MARSH, 000–00–0000 RONALD D. NECESSARY, JR, 000–00–0000 TAMARA POWELL, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 LORENZO I. NEILSEN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER T. POWERS, 000–00–0000 DENISE M. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 DARIN D. NEIWERT, 000–00–0000 JON M. POWERS, 000–00–0000 JASON J. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 DORIS R. NELSON, 000–00–0000 TED M. PREISTER, 000–00–0000 NORMAN E. MARTIN, JR., 000–00–0000 NEIL I. NELSON, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. PRENDERGAST, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM A. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 RICHARD W. NELSON III, 000–00–0000 MERLE J. PRIBBENOW, 000–00–0000 FRED M. MARTY, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER A. NEMKE, 000–00–0000 HEATHER K. PRICE, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. MARZAHL, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH C. NEMURAS, 000–00–0000 JAREN K. PRICE, 000–00–0000 COLLAZO R. MARZAN, 000–00–0000 SONJA J. NESIUS, 000–00–0000 RONALD D. PRICE, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. MASHBURN, 000–00–0000 TAMMY K. NEVINS, 000–00–0000 MARK A. 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THRASHER, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. WHITFIELD, JR., 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. SIMCOX, 000–00–0000 JARED M. THURMAN, 000–00–0000 AARON R. WHITLEY, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN M. SIMERLY, 000–00–0000 STANLEY O. THURSTON, 000–00–0000 RYAN H. WHITTEMORE, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN K. SIMMONS, 000–00–0000 BRIAN R. TIDWELL, 000–00–0000 RYAN J. WILCOX, 000–00–0000 NORBERT G. SIMONNET, 000–00–0000 ERIC M. TILLEY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. WILHELM, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND T. SIMONS, 000–00–0000 JOHN E. TIPTON, 000–00–0000 JULIE A. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 HEATHER SITES, 000–00–0000 GUY A. TITSWORTH, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN C. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 DANIEL P. SLAUGHTER, 000–00–0000 SETH T. TOBEY, 000–00–0000 KENNETH A. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. SLAVEN, 000–00–0000 JASON L. TODD, 000–00–0000 KENNETH K. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 DANIEL B. SMITH, 000–00–0000 MADELINE A. TOFT, 000–00–0000 KRISTA L. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS S. SMITH, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH F. TOKARZ, JR., 000–00–0000 MARGARET M. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 JASON S. SMITH, 000–00–0000 RANDALL O. TOWLES, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL C. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 JEFFRY A. SMITH, 000–00–0000 ERIC B. TOWNS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. SMITH, 000–00–0000 GREGORY S. TRAHAN, 000–00–0000 RYAN K. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 PATRICIA E. SMITH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL F. TREMBLAY, 000–00–0000 KRISTIAN E. WILLIS, 000–00–0000 REGINALD K. SMITH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. TREMLETT, 000–00–0000 PATRICK R. WILLIS, 000–00–0000 RICKY A. SMITH, 000–00–0000 PHILLIP G. TREVINO, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER W. WILLS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. SMITH, 000–00–0000 MARK L. TROMBLEE, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. WILLSON, 000–00–0000 SEAN T. SMITH, 000–00–0000 MARK L. TROPANSKY, 000–00–0000 ANDREW W. WILSON, 000–00–0000 STEVEN E. SMITH, 000–00–0000 AKINORI R. TSUCHIDA, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. WILSON, 000–00–0000 TABER S. SMITH, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. TUCKER, 000–00–0000 DAVID P. WILSON, 000–00–0000 LINDA A. SMOLEN, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN E. TUGMAN, 000–00–0000 FRANKLIN M. WILSON, 000–00–0000 JOHN W. SNOW, 000–00–0000 JAMES E. TURLEY, 000–00–0000 STEPHENIE L. WILSON, 000–00–0000 THOMAS L. SNOW, 000–00–0000 LANCE B. TURLINGTON, 000–00–0000 CLEON F. WINDHAM, JR., 000–00–0000 JASON L. SNYDER, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH F. TVRDY III, 000–00–0000 MERYIA D. WINDISCH, 000–00–0000 WAYNE C. SODOWSKY, 000–00–0000 RIVERS H. TWO, 000–00–0000 JAMES H. WINFIELD, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. SOFIELD, JR., 000–00–0000 DANA A. TYNES, 000–00–0000 GARTH K. WINTERLE, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. SONAK, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY S. TYSON, 000–00–0000 JASON M. WINTERLE, 000–00–0000 ERIC G. SORENSON, 000–00–0000 JASON W. ULITZSCH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL E. WISHER, 000–00–0000 MELISSA J. SPEER, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM M. UNDERWOOD, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. WITHERS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT R. SPENCER, 000–00–0000 ERIKA A. UNGERN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL WITMER, 000–00–0000 DAVID J. SPESS, 000–00–0000 SCOTT L. UNSWORTH, 000–00–0000 PHILLIP E. WOLFORD, 000–00–0000 NORMAN D. SPIVEY, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW S. URBANIC, 000–00–0000 WARREN R. WOOD, 000–00–0000 JUDITH A. SPLINTER, 000–00–0000 KIMBERLY M. USKO, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. WOODARD, 000–00–0000 ERICH C. SPRAGG, 000–00–0000 KESHVAR VAKHARIA, 000–00–0000 JENNIFER A. WOODWORTH, 000–00–0000 MARC D. STAATS, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND R. VALAS, 000–00–0000 BRIAN D. WOOLWORTH, 000–00–0000 DAXS A. STADJUHAR, 000–00–0000 LUCINDA R. VALDEZ, 000–00–0000 COLIN H. WOOTEN, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. STALLINGS, 000–00–0000 JERICHO M. VALLE, 000–00–0000 DAMIAN P. WRIGHT, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. STANLEY, 000–00–0000 KATE E. VANARMAN, 000–00–0000 DAVIE L. WRIGHT, JR., 000–00–0000 JOHN W. STANLEY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY T. VANCLEAV, 000–00–0000 JAMES W. WRIGHT, 000–00–0000 SEAN C. STANLEY, 000–00–0000 BOSCH E. VANDEN, 000–00–0000 MEGAN A. WRIGHT, 000–00–0000 HARLEY J. STEELE, 000–00–0000 LORA J. VANEMMERIK, 000–00–0000 KARYN J. WUENSCH, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN S. STEINBACH, 000–00–0000 KARINA R. VANHOOF, 000–00–0000 NATHAN YANCY, 000–00–0000 DAVID C. STEMPIEN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTIAN G. VANKEUREN, 000–00–0000 HOMAYUN YAQUB, 000–00–0000 DAVID D. STENDER, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL E. VANCE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD S. YOCUM, 000–00–0000 BRIAN M. STEPHAN, 000–00–0000 SCOTT F. VANDEGRIFT, 000–00–0000 ELLEN R. YODER, 000–00–0000 CAMELLA J. STEPHENS, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW E. VANDERKIN, 000–00–0000 JOHN B. YORKO, 000–00–0000 JAMES M. STEPHENS, 000–00–0000 JOEL P. VANDERMEIDE, 000–00–0000 RODNEY R. YOUNG, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. STEPHENS, JR., 000–00–0000 RICHARD D. VANGORDEN, 000–00–0000 TONYA E. YOUNG, 000–00–0000 ALEXANDER D. STEPHENSON, 000–00–0000 SCOTT B. VANWYK, 000–00–0000 CHARLES D. ZIMMERMAN, JR., 000–00–0000 DAVID C. STEVENSON, 000–00–0000 YVONNE VARELA, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND C. ZINDELL, 000–00–0000 SCOTT E. STEWART, 000–00–0000 CARRASQUILLO A. VAZQUEZ, 000–00–0000 JASON C. ZORN, 000–00–0000 SEAN D. STEWART, 000–00–0000 BRYAN D. VELARDE, 000–00–0000 JANA N. ZUCKSWERT, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. STICH, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH S. VERDICCHIO, 000–00–0000 ROBERT C. STILLMAN III, 000–00–0000 ANDREW N. VERICH, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED DISTINGUISHED HONOR GRAD- LARRY W. STOAFER, 000–00–0000 DANIEL G. VERICH, 000–00–0000 UATES FROM THE OFFICER CANDIDATE SCHOOL FOR AP- MARK L. STODDARD, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. VERITY, 000–00–0000 POINTMENT IN THEIR ACTIVE DUTY GRADE IN THE REG- KEVIN J. STOLL, 000–00–0000 CHERYL N. VERMILLION, 000–00–0000 ULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, UNDER THE PROVI- BERNIE E. STONE, 000–00–0000 ROY L. VERNON, JR., 000–00–0000 SIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTIONS 531, CHRISTOPHER E. STONE, 000–00–0000 MARK D. VERTULI, 000–00–0000 532, AND 533: KEVIN L. STRAIT, 000–00–0000 TITO M. VILLANUEVA, 000–00–0000 To be second lieutenant DAVID A. STRANGE, 000–00–0000 DAVID S. VINSON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL S. STRANGE, 000–00–0000 JAMES L. VOILAND, 000–00–0000 RONALD G. HAMILTION, 000–00–0000 JON C. STRATMAN, 000–00–0000 AVA M. WADE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT W. KINDER, 000–00–0000

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00139 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995

THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FROM JUDGE ADVO- WARREN G. CLARK, 000–00–0000 BRIAN G. KELLY, 000–00–0000 CATE GENERAL’S CORPS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE REG- KEVIN D. COFFINGER, 000–00–0000 STEVE Y. KIM, 000–00–0000 ULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES IN THEIR ACTIVE HEATHER E. COLE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER C. KING, 000–00–0000 DUTY GRADE, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, KEVIN P. COLLING, 000–00–0000 BRIAN R. KIPLE, 000–00–0000 UNITED STATES CODE, SECTIONS 531, 532, AND 533: CRAIG M. COLLINS, 000–00–0000 MARK R. KIRBY, 000–00–0000 GREGGORY N. COLLINS, 000–00–0000 ARTHUR T. KIRCHHOFF, 000–00–0000 To be captain TIMOTHY R. COLLINS, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. KISOR, 000–00–0000 HAL D. BAIRD, 000–00–0000 GEOFFREY T. COLPITTS, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. KLEIN, 000–00–0000 DRU A. BRENNER–BECK, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. CONSIDINE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD G. KLOPSTAD, 000–00–0000 JOHN L. BUCKHEIT, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. COOK, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY S. KNOWLTON, 000–00–0000 GUADALUPE CUELLAR, 000–00–0000 JAMES H. CRAFT, 000–00–0000 GARY E. KOCHER, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS J. CRAWFORD, 000–00–0000 KENNETH J. KOONTZ, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. EINWECHTER, 000–00–0000 RONALD D. CRAWFORD, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. KOSINA, 000–00–0000 JAMES P. FLOWERS, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. CRITTENDEN, 000–00–0000 GRANT T. KOWALCHICK, 000–00–0000 VICTOR M. HANSEN, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. CROWE, 000–00–0000 KEITH A. KRAPELS, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 JOANNE T. CUNNINGHAM, 000–00–0000 MELANIE J. KRECKOVSKY, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. PATRICK, 000–00–0000 DARRIN R. DAVIDSON, 000–00–0000 DARRELL D. LACK, 000–00–0000 ANNA C. SWALLOW, 000–00–0000 BRIAN F. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT S. LAEDLEIN, 000–00–0000 MICHELE E. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 DAVID N. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN K. LAKE, 000–00–0000 IN THE NAVY RICHARD W. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER F. LAMOUREAUX, 000–00–0000 SMET A.T. DE, 000–00–0000 JAMES L. LANE, JR., 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED SUPPLY CORPS OFFICER, TO WILLIAM L.J. DEANES, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY X. LARSEN, 000–00–0000 BE REAPPOINTED IN THE LINE OF THE U.S. NAVY, PUR- SUSAN K. DECKER, 000–00–0000 KEVIN D. LAYE, 000–00–0000 SUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTIONS 531 JOHN D. DEEHR, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY J. LEFEBVRE, 000–00–0000 AND 5582(A): RUSSELL J. DELANEY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY B. LEHNERTZ, 000–00–0000 LINE ANDREW W. DELEY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL T. LENTS, 000–00–0000 MARK F. DEMERS, 000–00–0000 STEVEN C. LEVERT, 000–00–0000 To be ensign LISA A. DEROSE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. LEVIN, 000–00–0000 DUKE E. DIETZ, 000–00–0000 SCOTT M. LEWIS, 000–00–0000 CARLTON L. JONES, 000–00–0000 KAMRAN A. DIL, 000–00–0000 PAUL E. LIPFORD, 000–00–0000 THOMAS C. DILLEMUTH, 000–00–0000 ROBERT E. LIVINGSTON, IV, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS OF- SCOTT M. DIX, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN E. LLOYD, 000–00–0000 FICER, TO BE REAPPOINTED IN THE LINE OF THE U.S. JOHN M. DONOVAN, 000–00–0000 RACHELLE F. LOGAN, 000–00–0000 NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, ROBERT F. DOWNING, JR., 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER R. J. LONG, 000–00–0000 SECTIONS 531 AND 5582(A): SHARON S. DOXEY, 000–00–0000 RUSSELL G. LONGLEY, 000–00–0000 LINE TIMOTHY R. DOYLE, 000–00–0000 LEO F. LOSCIUTO, 000–00–0000 CRAIG W. DRESCHER, 000–00–0000 TY E. LOUTZENHEISER, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) JEFFREY B. DRINKARD, 000–00–0000 SUSANNE N. LUCKE, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY E. DRY, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. LUNSFORD, 000–00–0000 NICK A. SARAP, JR., 000–00–0000 SAM C. DRYDEN, 000–00–0000 KEVIN D. MACDONALD, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- TERRENCE P. DUNNE, 000–00–0000 BRUCE A. MAIER, 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE LINE OF THE U.S. NAVY, ALAN R. DUNSTON, 000–00–0000 NICOLE L. MAISONNEUVE, 000–00–0000 PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION CAROLYNNE M. DURANTHALL, 000–00–0000 DAVID B. MANSER, 000–00–0000 531: KIMBERLY A. DYSON, 000–00–0000 DAVID S. MANTAY, 000–00–0000 JULIAN D. EDGE III, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. MAQUERA, 000–00–0000 LINE SHAWN T. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 JOHNNA M. MARCHANT, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant PAUL F. EICH, 000–00–0000 MARK D. MARISKA, 000–00–0000 NELS S. ENBERG, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. MARK II, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. ADKINS, 000–00–0000 JUDY M. ENGLAND, 000–00–0000 BRIAN K. MARKS, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. ADLER, 000–00–0000 JAMES M. ESQUIVEL, 000–00–0000 DANIEL P. MARSHALL, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY R. ALEXANDER, 000–00–0000 COLEY L. EVANS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT W. MARSHALL, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. ALEXANDER, 000–00–0000 SPENCER L. EVANS, 000–00–0000 MARCUS O. MARYK, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 MARY E. FELIX, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY W. MAYBRIER, 000–00–0000 RONALD P. ANTIMARINO, 000–00–0000 MARCI D. FERRELL, 000–00–0000 GARY A. MAYES, 000–00–0000 TANYA L. ANTONIUK, 000–00–0000 JAMES E. FIELDS, 000–00–0000 KEVIN C. MC ALLISTER, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER A. ASHFORD, 000–00–0000 KORY R. FIERSTINE, 000–00–0000 EVERD D. MC CAIN, 000–00–0000 VERNON E. BAGLEY, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. FINCH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL T. MC CLURE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. BAGNOLI, 000–00–0000 JACQUELINE R. FINCH, 000–00–0000 ALLEN H. MC COY, 000–00–0000 DANIEL E. BAHNEMAN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM D. FINCH, 000–00–0000 GREGORY S. MC CREARY, 000–00–0000 MARK C. BARRY, 000–00–0000 MARK E. FLEMING, 000–00–0000 ROBERT G.S. MC DONALD, 000–00–0000 KENNETH R. BECKER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. FLETCHER, 000–00–0000 JAMES T. MC GOVERN, 000–00–0000 JEANNE M. BEERMAN, 000–00–0000 ALFRED E.FLORES, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. MC GRATH III, 000–00–0000 THOMAS E. BELL, 000–00–0000 MARK A. FONDREN, 000–00–0000 KAREN B. MC GRAW, 000–00–0000 PAUL T. BENNETT, 000–00–0000 CURTIS A. FORD, 000–00–0000 LARRY L. MC GUIRE, 000–00–0000 DONALD A. BENSON, 000–00–0000 SEAN P. FOX, 000–00–0000 PAUL J. MC HENRY 000–00–0000 SHAWN M. BENTLEY, 000–00–0000 ANN M. FUHRING, 000–00–0000 VAN S. MC KENNY, IV, 000–00–0000 JAMES H. BENTON, 000–00–0000 GREGORY B. GALLARDO, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY E. MC KENZIE, 000–00–0000 JOHN G. BERNARD, 000–00–0000 MARIE G. GALVIN, 000–00–0000 PAUL MC SWEENEY, 000–00–0000 KEVIN L. BERTELSEN, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE M. GARCIA, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY P. MEEKS, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM R. BERTRAM, 000–00–0000 DAVID V. GARZA, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY A. MERCADO, 000–00–0000 ERIC P. BETHKE, 000–00–0000 EMMET S. GATHRIGHT, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL H. MERRILL, 000–00–0000 KENNETH R. BINGMAN, JR., 000–00–0000 ROBERT B. GEDDES, 000–00–0000 SUSAN L. MERRIMAN, 000–00–0000 RUSSELL P. BIROS, 000–00–0000 JASON L. GEIGER, 000–00–0000 ERIK J. MILES, 000–00–0000 JAMES A. BISHOP, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. GENTILE, 000–00–0000 HENRY J. MILLER, 000–00–0000 PATRICK D. BLACKWELL, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY T. GIBSON, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY L. MILLER, 000–00–0000 CARLA C. BLAIR, 000–00–0000 MARK S. GOODALE, 000–00–0000 JAY R. MILLS, 000–00–0000 ROCK E. BLAIS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT M. GORDON, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH T. MOHNACS, 000–00–0000 DARREL M. BLASCHAK, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. GOSKA, 000–00–0000 TRACY S. MOON, 000–00–0000 JAMES H. BOGUE, 000–00–0000 CARY E. GOSNEY, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. MOORMAN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT G. BOJARSKI, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY G.GRAP, 000–00–0000 JANET F. MORALEZ, 000–00–0000 BRIAN D. BOLUYT, 000–00–0000 OBRA L. GRAY, 000–00–0000 CLINTON J. MORANO, 000–00–0000 RAYMOND L. BRADLEY III, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER J. GREW, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. MORRISON, 000–00–0000 RALPH R. BRAUND III, 000–00–0000 ROBERT E. GRIFFITH, 000–00–0000 CRAIG M. MUNSEN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM D. BRELAND, 000–00–0000 RICHARD T.GRINT, 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. MUNSON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. BRENNAN, 000–00–0000 JESUS A. GUERRERO, 000–00–0000 KIMBERLY A. MURPHY, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. BRERETON, JR., 000–00–0000 JAMES M. HAAS, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. MUTCHLER, JR., 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN H. BRESLIN, 000–00–0000 CALVIN L. HAGOOD III, 000–00–0000 PETER T. MUTTEL, 000–00–0000 CECIL C. BRIDGES, 000–00–0000 ZYAD HAJO, 000–00–0000 ELIZABETH A. NASCHE, 000–00–0000 GRANT A. BRIGGER, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY L. HALL, 000–00–0000 RICHARD M. NELMS, JR., 000–00–0000 RODNEY A. BROWER, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. HALLSTROM, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. NENNMANN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN W. BROWN, 000–00–0000 JOHN H. HALTOM, 000–00–0000 PAUL V. NEUZIL, 000–00–0000 ZACHARY J. BROZ, 000–00–0000 DANIEL E. HAMILTON, 000–00–0000 WESLEY W. NICHOLSON, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY G. BRUCE, 000–00–0000 ROLF W. HAMMERER, 000–00–0000 ALFRED A. NICOLL, 000–00–0000 SAMUEL C. BUCHANAN III, 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. HAMRICK, 000–00–0000 JAMES D. NORDHILL, 000–00–0000 AMY D. BURIN, 000–00–0000 PAUL T. HARASTY, 000–00–0000 BARRY C. NORMAN, 000–00–0000 EMMANUEL L. BURKE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY M. HARBISON, 000–00–0000 RHODY V. NORNBERG, 000–00–0000 DANIEL BURNS, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN M. HARRINGTON, 000–00–0000 YVONNE D. NORTON, 000–00–0000 SUSAN T. BURNS, 000–00–0000 TERRY M. HART, 000–00–0000 MARK T. NOWICKI, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. BURRELL, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. HEIM, 000–00–0000 KEVIN W. NUNEZ, 000–00–0000 ALAN F. BURTON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT E. HELMS, JR., 000–00–0000 NIGEL A. NURSE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS K. BUSH, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. HENDERSON, 000–00–0000 JAMES K. OBRIEN, 000–00–0000 DERRICK J. BUSSE, 000–00–0000 DANIEL P. HIGGINS, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. OBRIEN, 000–00–0000 THOMAS C. CALVERT, 000–00–0000 RONALD R. HIMMELREICH, 000–00–0000 JAMES G. O’CONNOR III, 000–00–0000 RUBEN A. CANTU, 000–00–0000 ROBERT I. HOAR, JR., 000–00–0000 WILLIAM C. OLDHAM, 000–00–0000 MARC CARDARONELLA, 000–00–0000 WAYNE E. HOLCOMB, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH OLIVER, 000–00–0000 ROBERT B. CARLSON, 000–00–0000 FRANK O. HOLLEY, 000–00–0000 BRADD C. OLSEN, 000–00–0000 CAMERON P. CARNEY, 000–00–0000 WAYNE A. HOLLISTER, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY W. OSMAN, 000–00–0000 LUKE F. CARON, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY S. HOOVER, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY L. PANG, 000–00–0000 BUFORD J. CARR, 000–00–0000 JEAN A. HOPWOOD, 000–00–0000 DANIELLE PAOLUCCI, 000–00–0000 EDWARD B. CARROLL, JR., 000–00–0000 KEITH W. HOSKINS, 000–00–0000 RICHARD C. PARKER, JR., 000–00–0000 PEDRO A. CASTAING, 000–00–0000 DONALD L. HULTEN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT PARKER, JR., 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. CATHERINA, 000–00–0000 GARY L. HUMPHRIES, 000–00–0000 RONALD L. PARSLOW, 000–00–0000 VINCENT K. CATICH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL H. JOHANSSON, 000–00–0000 DAVID W. PAYNE, 000–00–0000 ELEFTHERIOS, CHAPAS, 000–00–0000 BRENT A. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 GARY D. PENTON, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER CHINMAN, 000–00–0000 BRENT L. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 CRAIG PEPPE, 000–00–0000 GREGORY S. CLARK, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN E. JONES, 000–00–0000 ROY A. PETERS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. CLARK, 000–00–0000 ROBERT E. KALIN, JR., 000–00–0000 NICHOLAS PETRILLO, 000–00–0000

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00140 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7277

DENISE M. PETRUSIC, 000–00–0000 MOODY G. WOOTEN, JR., 000–00–0000 KEVIN MCKEEVER, 000–00–0000 LEE V. PHILLIPS II, 000–00–0000 DANIEL C. WORRA, 000–00–0000 BRAD A. MCMULLEN, 000–00–0000 JERRY D. PIERCE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTIAN W. ZAUNER, 000–00–0000 DAVID T. MELINOSKY, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM R. PINKLEY, 000–00–0000 TERRENCE W. MENTZOS, 000–00–0000 HENRY E. PIZARRO, 000–00–0000 LINE JAMES W. MILLER, 000–00–0000 ROGER E. PLASSE, JR., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) JOHN R. MILLER, 000–00–0000 RUDY A. PORTER, 000–00–0000 BRYAN L. MILLS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. POSNER, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. ABSETZ, 000–00–0000 ROBERT W. MINOR, 000–00–0000 KRISTIN C. POST, 000–00–0000 ALBERT D. ALTURA, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL G. MOFFITT, 000–00–0000 GARY W. PRALL, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER P. AMEN, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. MOLINARI, 000–00–0000 THOMAS E. PRICE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. AVALLONE, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. MOOREFIELD, 000–00–0000 KEVIN J. PROTZMAN, 000–00–0000 CABOT C. AYCOCK, 000–00–0000 KEVIN S. MORAVEK, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. PUDLO, 000–00–0000 JOHN W. BAILEY, 000–00–0000 PAUL G. MOVIZZO, 000–00–0000 GERARD F. QUINLAN, 000–00–0000 HENRY W. BARNES IV, 000–00–0000 MARK T. MURRAY, 000–00–0000 CHARLES E. QUINTAS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL H. BASEMAN, 000–00–0000 SCOTT F. MURRAY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. RABE, 000–00–0000 RONNIE J. BATMAN, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. NASH, 000–00–0000 PAUL A. RATKOVICH, 000–00–0000 ROBERT A. BAUGHMAN, 000–00–0000 CHARLES S. NOLAN, 000–00–0000 DANIEL J. RAWN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER J. BAUMSTARK, 000–00–0000 JACK M. OMOHUNDRO, 000–00–0000 JAMES C. REAMER, JR., 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. BAZE, 000–00–0000 SCOTT A. ONEIL, 000–00–0000 MARK E. REYNOLDS, 000–00–0000 CURTIS A. BECKER, JR., 000–00–0000 FEDERICO G. ORDONA, 000–00–0000 ROBERT M. RIGGS, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY S. BEDARD, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW D. OVIOS, 000–00–0000 MARTIN D. RIPPERGER, 000–00–0000 MARK O. BELSON, 000–00–0000 KEVIN J. PARKER, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. ROBBINS, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. BERGER, 000–00–0000 CEDRIC T. PATMON, 000–00–0000 CINDY M. RODRIGUEZ, 000–00–0000 PAUL W. BIERAUGEL, 000–00–0000 LARRY O. PAUL, 000–00–0000 DANIEL S. ROGERS, 000–00–0000 KATHRYN R. BINI, 000–00–0000 KEITH L. PAYNE, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY P. ROLAND, 000–00–0000 JODY G. BRIDGES, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. PETERSON, 000–00–0000 RAUL X. ROSALES, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW A. BROWN, 000–00–0000 TROY R. PFEFFER, 000–00–0000 FRANCES M. ROSARIO, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. BROWNE III, 000–00–0000 ERIK M. POINTER, 000–00–0000 MARC A. RZEPCZYNSKI, 000–00–0000 MARK K. BRUBAKER, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER X. POLK, 000–00–0000 DAVID L. SAIKI, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. BUNCE, 000–00–0000 EMORY G. PRICE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. SAINDON, 000–00–0000 THOMAS D. BUSH, JR., 000–00–0000 SHANE E. PRITCHARD, 000–00–0000 JAMES A. SAMUELS, 000–00–0000 KEVIN T. CAMILLI, 000–00–0000 DANIEL B. RADER, 000–00–0000 TOMMY E. SANCHEZ, 000–00–0000 JOSE R. CANARIO, JR., 000–00–0000 COREY W. RAY, 000–00–0000 ROBERT W. SANDERS, 000–00–0000 JEFFERY S. CANFIELD, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY C. RECKERS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. SCHAEFFER, 000–00–0000 CHRISTIAN G. CENICEROS, 000–00–0000 KEVIN W. RISTER, 000–00–0000 ROBERT A. SCHMIDT, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. CHATHAM, 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. ROULSTON, 000–00–0000 DAVID M. SCHNITTKER, 000–00–0000 KEITH A. CHITMON, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN B. ROWELL, 000–00–0000 VINCENT H. SCHROEDER, 000–00–0000 MARK D. COFFMAN, 000–00–0000 HOLLY L. RUSSELL, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN A. SCIPIONE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY J. COLEMAN, 000–00–0000 GERALDA T. SARGENT, 000–00–0000 JERRY D. SEAGLE, JR., 000–00–0000 SHERRIE S. COMBEE, 000–00–0000 JEFF D. SASSER, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM B. SEBRING, 000–00–0000 BAILEY L. CORBETT, 000–00–0000 DARYL J. SCHMALTZ, 000–00–0000 TODD J. SENIFF, 000–00–0000 BRETT M. COTTRELL, 000–00–0000 ROBERT D. SCHNEIDER, 000–00–0000 CURTIS A. SETH, 000–00–00003 JOSHUA A. CROWDER, 000–00–0000 GREGORY J. SCHUSTER, 000–00–0000 FRANK A. SHAUL, 000–00–0000 FRANK CRUMP III, 000–00–0000 LANCE G. SCOTT, 000–00–0000 TEDD C. SHELLENBARGER, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. DAUNT, 000–00–0000 JOHN E. SEDLOCK, 000–00–0000 THAD M. SHELTON, 000–00–0000 DUANE W. DENNIS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL S. SHAWE, 000–00–0000 STEVEN B. SHEPARD, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. DESHAZO, 000–00–0000 SCOTT C. SHERMAN, 000–00–0000 ERIC S. SHIREY, 000–00–0000 BRIAN K. DEVANY, 000–00–0000 LAMANCHA SIMS, 000–00–0000 DENNIS A. SHOOK, 000–00–0000 DANIEL D. DOHMEYER, 000–00–0000 ANGELO R.L. SMITHA, 000–00–0000 KIRSTINA D. SHORE, 000–00–0000 JAMES G. DORSTEN, 000–00–0000 DAVID M. SMUDA II, 000–00–0000 LUKE N. SHOWS, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY A. DOWNING, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM L. SOMMER, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. SIMON, 000–00–0000 TODD A. DUFAULT, 000–00–0000 MARY L. SPENCER, 000–00–0000 MARK R. SLIEPCEVIC, 000–00–0000 STEVEN R. DUNKLEBERGER, 000–00–0000 ERNEST B. STACY, 000–00–0000 JAMES F. SLOAN III, 000–00–0000 TERRY L. DUPRIE, 000–00–0000 MELINDA M. STATON, 000–00–0000 JAMES J. SMITH, 000–00–0000 JOHN P. EZELLE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. SUTTON, 000–00–0000 MARK P. SMITH, 000–00–0000 KENNETH O. FISHER, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY A. SZYDLOWSKI, 000–00–0000 TIMMY SMITH, 000–00–0000 PATRICK L. FLAHERTY, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER A. TAYLOR, 000–00–0000 WESLEY A. SMITH, 000–00–0000 HEBERT F. FREDERICK, 000–00–0000 PAUL J. TECH, 000–00–0000 JAMES B. SNELL, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. FREEMAN, 000–00–0000 DARRON D. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 RICK J. SNIDERHAN, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN L. GAZE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD O. TOLLEY, 000–00–0000 JOHN D. SORACCO, 000–00–0000 GINA M. GIGLIO, 000–00–0000 TERRANCE R. VINTON, 000–00–0000 SAMUEL E. SORGEN, 000–00–0000 KENNETH G. GLYNN, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. VITALICH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. SPENCER, 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. GOLBITZ, 000–00–0000 DARRYL L. WALKER, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY W. STAATS, 000–00–0000 MARK E. GOODE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES A. WALTON JR., 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. STAILEY, 000–00–0000 SCOTT S. GOODWIN, 000–00–0000 CARDEN F. WARNER, 000–00–0000 RICHARD M. STEVENSON, 000–00–0000 CRIS A. GRANT, 000–00–0000 ANDREW N. WESTERKOM, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN E. STILLING, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. GRAY, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM J. WHEELER, 000–00–0000 RONALD J. STINSON, 000–00–0000 STEPHANIE K. GREEN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. WICHMAN, 000–00–0000 MARK R. STOOPS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. GREESON, 000–00–0000 MARK D. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 ROBERT A. STRANGE, 000–00–0000 DANIEL A. HAIGHT, JR., 000–00–0000 NILS E. WIRSTROM, 000–00–0000 RONALD E. STRONG, 000–00–0000 SAM R. HANCOCK, JR., 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. WIRTH, 000–00–0000 JAY A. SUNKES, 000–00–0000 BENJAMIN B. HANSEN, 000–00–0000 ALEXANDER J. WRIGHT, 000–00–0000 BRIAN D. SWEENEY, 000–00–0000 KEITH G. HARRIS, 000–00–0000 ANDREW J. YOUNG, 000–00–0000 GIL L. TACHIBANA, 000–00–0000 FRANCOIS P. HENNEBERGER, 000–00–0000 BRIAN J. TALAY, 000–00–0000 PAUL T. HENNIGAN, 000–00–0000 LINE MARK H. TANNER, 000–00–0000 CHRIS A. HIGGINBOTHAM, 000–00–0000 To be ensign ADAM B. TAYLOR, 000–00–0000 JOHN T. HIGGINS, 000–00–0000 CHRIS E. TAYLOR, 000–00–0000 TODD J. HOOPER, 000–00–0000 RICHARD M. ALFORD, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY E. TAYLOR, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. HOPKINS, 000–00–0000 PATRICK C. ANGLE, 000–00–0000 TERRY W. TAYLOR, JR., 000–00–0000 JERRFEY J. HOPPE, 000–00–0000 DANIEL G. BAKER, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY T. TOMBLIN, 000–00–0000 KIM E. HOWARD, 000–00–0000 GREGORY W. BEACH, 000–00–0000 JEANENE L. TORRANCE, 000–00–0000 RODERICK M. HOYLE, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW J. BEDNAR, 000–00–0000 ERIC S. TOWE, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN C. HUGGS, 000–00–0000 ERIC S. BELMAN, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER R. TOWNSEND, 000–00–0000 CORBIN D. HUGHES, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS W. BERNOT, 000–00–0000 VINCENT D. TRAEYE, 000–00–0000 DAVID W. HUNTLEY, 000–00–0000 JOHNNY T. BOMAN JR., 000–00–0000 STEVEN M. TRUMBULL, 000–00–0000 CARLOS A. IGLESIAS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL V. BONO, 000–00–0000 ANDREW K. TURNER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS L. JACKSON, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS A. BRADLEY, 000–00–0000 MURRAY J. TYNCH III, 000–00–0000 THOMAS E. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 STEVEN V. BRESCIA, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY A. UTHE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY A. JONES, 000–00–0000 MARK D. BUTLER, 000–00–0000 JOHN L. VALADEZ, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN P. JONES, 000–00–0000 KUI H. CHOI, 000–00–0000 JAY R. VANNICE, 000–00–0000 AMARDEV S. JOUHAL, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW C. COVERDALE, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. VASILE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY T. KAUFFMAN, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE S. CRISCIONE, 000–00–0000 RENE VELAZQUEZ, 000–00–0000 MARK W. KAWECKI, 000–00–0000 DAMON M. CSEH, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. VENEMAN, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE L. KEIL, 000–00–0000 MARTIN DEBONO, 000–00–0000 RICHARD A. VILLANI, 000–00–0000 PATRICK A. LACORE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL D. DEWULF, 000–00–0000 BRADLEY E.C. VOLDEN, 000–00–0000 THOMAS H. LAGOMARSINO, 000–00–0000 CRAIG D. DIDIER, 000–00–0000 PAUL E. VOLLE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD T. LAROCHE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. DIGNAN, 000–00–0000 RICKEY D. WALLEY, 000–00–0000 JAMES A. LEE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD F. DUBNANSKY, JR., 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. WALLIS II, 000–00–0000 DARYL E. LEEDS, 000–00–0000 CURTIS B. DUNCAN, 000–00–0000 JOHN M. WARD, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. LILIENSTEIN, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY R. DURDIN, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. WARE, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY V. LOCKE, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER M. DURKEE, 000–00–0000 DAVID W. WARNER, 000–00–0000 MICHELLE E. LUCERO, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY R. EIS, 000–00–0000 RICHARD S. WARREN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. LYNCH, 000–00–0000 SCOTT A. ELLSWORTH, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. WATKINS, 000–00–0000 RON C. MAGWOOD, 000–00–0000 MARK E. EMANUEL, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. WATSON III, 000–00–0000 THOMAS D. MALONEY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. FALTER, 000–00–0000 MARK WEILER, 000–00–0000 GALONE N. MARKEY, 000–00–0000 JASON T. FASSLER, 000–00–0000 EVAN W. WEINTRAUB, 000–00–0000 ALPHONSE MARSH, JR., 000–00–0000 ERIC R. FEDELE, 000–00–0000 JOEL S. WELCH, 000–00–0000 EMILIO MARTINEZ, 000–00–0000 COREY J. GANNON, 000–00–0000 MIKE T. WESSON, 000–00–0000 TODD A. MAUERHAN, 000–00–0000 ERIC J. GARDNER, 000–00–0000 EDWARD J. WETZEL, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. MAY, 000–00–0000 TERRI A. GLEESON, 000–00–0000 THOMAS P. WILCOX III, 000–00–0000 MARK A. MAYERSKE, 000–00–0000 GEORGE E. GOHLINGHORST, 000–00–0000 ANDREW R. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 CYLDE F. MAYS, JR., 000–00–0000 WILLIAM W. GRAYLIN, 000–00–0000 LESLIE D. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY L. MCCARTY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY A. GUTHRIE, 000–00–0000 BRUCE L. WINTER, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. MCCLINTOCK, 000–00–0000 MARK S. HAIRE, 000–00–0000 CATHERINE M. WITT, 000–00–0000 JOHN A. MCCONVILLE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT D. HARRINGTON, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS S. WITTEN, 000–00–0000 SANDRA A. MCDONALD, 000–00–0000 MUSTAFA M. HAZIQ, 000–00–0000 ROBERT D. WOODBURN, 000–00–0000 KENNETH C. MCDONNELL, 000–00–0000 PERRY L. HERRICK, 000–00–0000

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00141 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995

BRUCE A. HILL, 000–00–0000 PATRICK S. HAYDEN, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS C. BUZBEE, 000–00–0000 STEVEN R. HOEM, 000–00–0000 JOHN W. KENNEDY, 000–00–0000 HOWIE S. FERGUSON, 000–00–0000 JAY D. HOFFMAN, 000–00–0000 AMY L. LYONS, 000–00–0000 PATRICK A. GARIN, 000–00–0000 JUSTIN C. JACKSON, 000–00–0000 RAMON O. MARIN, 000–00–0000 GLENN W. HUBBARD, 000–00–0000 WALTER L. JENNINGS, 000–00–0000 KURT M. PHOEL, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. MITORAJ, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER D. JONES, 000–00–0000 JAVIER A. VEGA, 000–00–0000 NORMAN D. NAISER, JR., 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. KAMAN, 000–00–0000 GREGORY J. VERGAMINI, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM T. TIMBERLAND, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL B. KAPLAN, 000–00–0000 HANS C. WALDRAFF, 000–00–0000 GEORGE M. KENNEDY, 000–00–0000 FORREST D. WILKINS, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- MICHAEL J. KING II, 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN- DAVID B. KUHL II, 000–00–0000 To be ensign ERAL’S CORPS OF THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE PATRICK E. KULAKOWSKI, 000–00–0000 TRINA M. BECKNER, 000–00–0000 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 531: BRANDON A. LARSON, 000–00–0000 ERIC J. BIALEK, 000–00–0000 JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S CORPS JERRY W. LEGERE, 000–00–0000 JAMEY J. BLOCK 000–00–0000 JOHN C. LEONE, JR., 000–00–0000 JAMES H. BYRD, JR., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant DARRYN J. LUNDERS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. CLOYD, 000–00–0000 ANTONIO C. MACCABE, 000–00–0000 MARK D. DOBESH, 000–00–0000 STEVEN M. BARNEY, 000–00–0000 NORMAN G. MACGREGOR 000–00–0000 MICHAEL W. FIVAS, 000–00–0000 STUART W. BELT, 000–00–0000 SAMUEL A. MAEBY, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL S. FLATLEY, 000–00–0000 FRANCIS J. BUSTAMANTE, 000–00–0000 PATRICK J. MAHONEY, 000–00–0000 SCOTT A. GARVEY, 000–00–0000 STEVEN J. COATY, 000–00–0000 PHILIP E. MALONE, 000–00–0000 RONALD L. GRIESENAUER, 000–00–0000 MONTE R. DEBOER, 000–00–0000 LELAND R. MARCUS, 000–00–0000 NOEL M. GRIFFITH, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER R. DONOVAN, 000–00–0000 JAY T. MARKIEWICZ, 000–00–0000 DENNIS R. HALL, JR., 000–00–0000 DANA T. DYSON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT R. MARTIN, JR., 000–00–0000 LAURI D. HARRIS, 000–00–0000 AZIZ D. FAWAL, 000–00–0000 CURTIS L. MILLER, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY J. HATOK, JR., 000–00–0000 REX A. GUINN, 000–00–0000 MARK R. MOEBES, 000–00–0000 ALAN M. HERN, 000–00–0000 NOREEN A. HAGERTY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD P. PENTECOST, 000–00–0000 BRANDON A. HONEYCUTT, 000–00–0000 HALLIE S. HOCHMAN, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. PERRY, 000–00–0000 DARRELL B. INGRAM, 000–00–0000 MARY C. L. HORRIGAN, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY P. POFF, 000–00–0000 NOEL P. JOHNSON 000–00–0000 PAUL C. LEBLANC, 000–00–0000 MARK A. POWELL, 000–00–0000 DEAN R. KINSMAN, 000–00–0000 KATHLEEN A. MESSICK, 000–00–0000 KENNETH N. RADFORD, 000–00–0000 ERIC A. MORGAN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN T. ODONNELL, 000–00–0000 STEPHEN R. RAPP, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY S. PIONE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES N. PURNELL, II, 000–00–0000 DENNIS A. ROBERTSON, 000–00–0000 ERIC M. SKROCH, 000–00–0000 PETER D. SCHMID, 000–00–0000 YILMAZ W. RONA, 000–00–0000 GREGORY T. STEHMAN, 000–00–0000 PHILIP M. SKILLMAN, 000–00–0000 ALEXANDER ROSARIO, 000–00–0000 RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, 000–00–0000 SUSAN L. TURNER, 000–00–0000 ASHLEY C. ROSE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. SWEENEY, 000–00–0000 JONATHAN H. WAGSHUL, 000–00–0000 HARRIS S. ROSE, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH J. YUN, 000–00–0000 DANA O. WASHINGTON, 000–00–0000 BRIAN S. WILSON, 000–00–0000 MARCUS A. ROSSI, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- DOUGLAS C. SALTZ, 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE SUPPLY CORPS OF THE THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- WILLIAM G. SCHINDELE, 000–00–0000 U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE DENTAL CORPS OF THE JEFFREY R. SCHMITT, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTION 531: U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES ERIC A. SCHNEIDER, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTION 531: DAVID K. SECKEL, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant JOHN J. SEIFERT, 000–00–0000 DENTAL CORPS DEBORAH K. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 ANDREW J. SHANK, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 MARTIN W. SHEARER, 000–00–0000 to be lieutenant commander THOMAS S. ARMSTRONG, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY G. SHORE, 000–00–0000 DAVID F. CRUZ, 000–00–0000 JEANETTE M., GORTHY, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM A. SMITH IV, 000–00–0000 SCOTT T. GEHRING, 000–00–0000 PETER G., KREMP, 000–00–0000 CRAIG A. STACK, 000–00–0000 MARK D. HANSON, 000–00–0000 ANDREW J. STAMPFEL, 000–00–0000 to be lieutenant ROBERT M. JENNINGS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL J. STANCHINA, 000–00–0000 ROBERT J. KILLIUS, 000–00–0000 JEFFERY L. ANDRUS, 000–00–0000 SHAWN W. STGERMAIN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL B. MURPHY, 000–00–0000 HECTOR, A. CABALLERO, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM J. STITH, JR., 000–00–0000 MARK A. POLCA, 000–00–0000 MARISA L. CINCOSKI, 000–00–0000 NATHAN B. SUKOLS, 000–00–0000 GARY J. POWE, 000–00–0000 CATHERINE L. CUMMINGS, 000–00–0000 STEVEN C. TAYLOR, 000–00–0000 JOE F. RAY, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. ENGLEHART, 000–00–0000 MARK R. TIERNEY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD J. SCHLEGEL, 000–00–0000 ARNE F. GRUSPE, 000–00–0000 NICHOLAS R. TILBROOK, 000–00–0000 VAUGHN L. STOCKER, 000–00–0000 RODNEY L. GUNNING, 000–00–0000 ALVIN S. VENTURA, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. TWEEDY, 000–00–0000 DAVID H. HARTZELL, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER S. WEBER, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH P. WILKING, 000–00–0000 SHEHERAZAD A. HARTZELL, 000–00–0000 GREGORY J. WIRTH, 000–00–0000 DONALD J. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. HENING, 000–00–0000 JON E. WITHEE, 000–00–0000 DARYL G. HOLDREDGE, 000–00–0000 JAMES M. WITT III, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) MILAN J. JUGAN, JR., 000–00–0000 JASON K. WOLF, 000–00–0000 CRAIG J. KOSLICA, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. YOUTT, 000–00–0000 ERIC H. BURKS, 000–00–0000 PHILIPPE J. GRANDJEAN, 000–00–0000 KAREN M. LYNCH, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- MARK K. HARRIS, 000–00–0000 DONALD D. MARDIS, 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE MEDICAL CORPS OF THE DAVID K. HOWELL, 000–00–0000 BRIAN S. MAYDAY, 000–00–0000 U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES ANDRE D. MURPHY, 000–00–0000 KURT T. METZLER, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTION 531: CORINNE J. PELLEGRIN, 000–00–0000 PAUL G. OLOUGHLIN, 000–00–0000 AARON K. STANLEY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY J. PRICE, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL CORPS ERIC S. STUMP, 000–00–0000 JAMES E. ROBSON, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant commander LORENZO E. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. STEINLE, 000–00–0000 SCOTT D. THOMAS, 000–00–0000 COLIN G. CHINN, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED LINE OFFICERS, TO BE RE- PATRICIA A. TORDIK, 000–00–0000 BRUCE R. CHRISTEN, 000–00–0000 APPOINTED IN THE CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS OF THE U.S. RANDALL J. WALKER, 000–00–0000 BRUCE COHEN, 000–00–0000 NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, JOSEPH A. DAVIES, 000–00–0000 SECTIONS 531 AND 5582(B): THE FOLLOWING NAMED LINE OFFICERS, TO BE RE- APPOINTED IN THE MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS OF THE TERRENCE X. DWYER, 000–00–0000 CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS ROBERT R. HARFORD, 000–00–0000 U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES GREG W. HOEKSEMA, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant CODE, SECTION 531: WILLIAM B. MCCREA, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS GRETCHEN A. MEYER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS A. BOLIN, 000–00–0000 MATTHEW L. MILLER, 000–00–0000 ARMAND T. QUATTLEBAUM, 000–00–0000 to be lieutenant (junior grade) OSCAR E. MINOSO Y DE CAL, 000–00–0000 MAJELLA D. STEVENSON, 000–00–0000 AMY I. MORTENSEN, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) SCOTT B. ARNDT, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL L. PUCKETT, 000–00–0000 DANIEL L. MEYERS, 000–00–0000 EDWARD V. ROSS, JR., 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. CAPUANO, 000–00–0000 BENNETT J. SOLBERG, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH E. SARACHENE, 000–00–0000 MARILEE A. COWAN, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- RICHARD L. SCHROFF, 000–00–0000 CHERYL M. HANSEN, 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE MEDICAL SERVICE MARTIN L. SNYDER, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM K. HEDGES, 000–00–0000 CORPS OF THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, JAY C. SOURBEER, 000–00–0000 DAVID R. HOPKINS, 000–00–0000 UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 531: HOWARD C. WETSMAN, 000–00–0000 SEAN J. MC KILLOP, 000–00–0000 STEVEN A. YOUNG, 000–00–0000 SCOTT A. SHAPPELL, 000–00–0000 To Be Ensign LYNDA E.S. WALLS To be lieutenant CHRISTOPHER E. ARCHER, 000–00–0000 to be lieutenant THOMAS A. BALCOM, 000–00–0000 CARTER C. DOWDY, 000–00–0000 JOHN B. BURGESS, JR., 000–00–0000 MEGAN J. WAGGONER, 000–00–0000 HOWARD A. AUPKE, JR., 000–00–0000 BRIAN J. MCKINNON, 000–00–0000 FREDERICK C. BEAL, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- SAMUEL J. PIERCE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES H. BEASLEY, JR., 000–00–0000 CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS MARK R. POLAK, 000–00–0000 FREDERICK, M. BERNEKING, 000–00–0000 OF THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED JOSEPH F. RAPPOLD, 000–00–0000 DUANE L. BIZET, 000–00–0000 STATES CODE, SECTION 531: TIMOTHY H. RAYNER, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. BOREN IV, 000–00–0000 ALISON R. SENNELLO, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant JOHN R. BUFFINGTON, 000–00–0000 MARTIN P. SORENSEN, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH M. CAMPISANO, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL S. WEINER, 000–00–0000 DAVID G. GILLES, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM F. CUSACK, 000–00–0000 KENNETH S. YEW, 000–00–0000 CAROLYN D. HERMAN, 000–00–0000 MARY F. DAVID, 000–00–0000 KEVIN K. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 FREDERICK C. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED LINE OFFICERS, TO BE RE- RICHARD A. KRAMER, 000–00–0000 ROBIN J. DOWNEY, 000–00–0000 APPOINTED IN THE SUPPLY CORPS OF THE U.S. NAVY, SCOTT A. LANGE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS L. DRIVER, 000–00–0000 PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- ROBERT E. LIN, 000–00–0000 BRIAN M. FARMER, 000–00–0000 TIONS 531 AND 5582(B): TIMOTHY L. MILINER, 000–00–0000 ALEX J. FATCHERIC, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade), RICHARD S. MOSER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS C. FRANCHINI, 000–00–0000 NORMAN D. STIEGLER, JR., 000–00–0000 PAMALA S. GAITHER, 000–00–0000 ANTHONY W. DELUCCHI, 000–00–0000 GARY B. WHIPPLE, 000–00–0000 JERRY L. GARDNER, 000–00–0000 JAMES B. EASTON, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) JOHN GOODE, JR., 000–00–0000 HENRY GONZALES, 000–00–0000 PEDRO G. GUZMAN, 000–00–0000 JIMMY L. HAHM, 000–00–0000 MARK A. AGUILAR, 000–00–0000 MARGO E. HALEY, 000–00–0000

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00142 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7279 DAVID J. HINCKLEY, 000–00–0000 KIMBERLY J. THOMPSON, 000–00–0000 To be general STEVEN L. HOEFT, 000–00–0000 KATHLEEN TRAINORYATES, 000–00–0000 KURT J. HOUSER, 000–00–0000 ANNMARIE T. WERKHEISER, 000–00–0000 GEN. JOHN M. LOH, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. GILLIAN V. JAEGER, 000–00–0000 SHARON E. WOLF, 000–00–0000 STEVEN M. JEFFS, 000–00–0000 SHARRON L. YOKLEY, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REAPPOINT- JAY P. KAZE, 000–00–0000 MENT TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE EDWARD M. KENNEDY, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant (junior grade) ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPON- SIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- BONNEY J. MANN, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE M. BATEMAN, 000–00–0000 TION 601: RICHARD G. MASANNAT, 000–00–0000 ANNETTE S. BETTS, 000–00–0000 TOUSSAINT E. MORGAN, 000–00–0000 DENISE J. BOEHLER, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general LYNN M. OWENS, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. BRESLIN, 000–00–0000 MARK A. PARSONS, 000–00–0000 DARWIN M. BROOKS, 000–00–0000 LT. GEN. JOHN S. FAIRFIELD, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. THOMAS P. PHILLIPS, 000–00–0000 HAROLD J. CLOUGH, 000–00–0000 JOSEPH J. PICKEL, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JACQUELINE L. COFFIN, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL ON THE RE- SHANNON D. PUTNAM, 000–00–0000 ESTHER M. CUNNINGHAM, 000–00–0000 CELIA A. QUIVERS, 000–00–0000 TIRED LIST PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, GEORGE O. DECKER, 000–00–0000 UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1370: KEVIN E. RICE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD F. DIBUCCI, 000–00–0000 GLORIA A. RUSSELL, 000–00–0000 TARYN R. EPPERSON, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general MARK C. RUSSELL, 000–00–0000 CARMA J. ERICKSON, 000–00–0000 GINA M. SIEGWORTH, 000–00–0000 SHARON D. EVANS, 000–00–0000 LT. GEN. CARL G. O’BERRY, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. DANIEL S. SIMPSON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL E. FLYNN, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT PETER P. TOLAND, JR., 000–00–0000 STEPHANIE L. FORD, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- KEVIN L. TROVINI, 000–00–0000 JAMES C. GAY, 000–00–0000 SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- MARY E. WALDMAN, 000–00–0000 HEATHER K. GILCHRIST, 000–00–0000 BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION MICHAEL J. WALSH, 000–00–0000 AMY L. HALL, 000–00–0000 601: RENEE T. WHITE, 000–00–0000 KAREN E. HOLLAND, 000–00–0000 STEVEN R. WINKLER, 000–00–0000 CHERYL L. HUNT, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general MICHAEL D. ZYZAK, 000–00–0000 THOMAS J. JAGLOWSKI, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GEN. EUGENE D. SANTARELLI, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR To be lieutenant (junior grade) SCOTT A. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 SHIRLEY H. KING, 000–00–0000 FORCE. RONALD M.V. BAJET, 000–00–0000 MARY C. LIGHTWINE, 000–00–0000 IN THE ARMY DANIEL J. BELISLE, 000–00–0000 LORI J. MARTINELLI, 000–00–0000 BRANDON S. BENTLEY, 000–00–0000 TINA M. MCCLURE, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REAPPOINT- MICHAEL J. BOWERS, 000–00–0000 KATHLEEN J. MCDONALD, 000–00–0000 MENT TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE KEVIN D. BRYANT, 000–00–0000 MARTIN W. MCMICHAEL, 000–00–0000 ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPON- CYNTHIA A. COLVIN, 000–00–0000 RACHEL J. NIKKOLA, 000–00–0000 SIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- THOMAS R. CONNOR, 000–00–0000 CARLO A. PIRAINO, JR., 000–00–0000 TION 601(A): KERRI L. COONS, 000–00–0000 SHELLEY A. ROSANDER, 000–00–0000 ROLAND L. FAHIE, 000–00–0000 THOMAS M. ROUNDS, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general STEPHEN E. GOTTLIEB, 000–00–0000 JOHN R. ROUSSEL, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GEN. LEONARD D. HOLDER, JR., 000–00–0000, U.S. STEVEN N. HAILEY, 000–00–0000 PAUL P. SAUCEDO III, 000–00–0000 ARMY. CYNDEE J. HAYES, 000–00–0000 ANGELA R. SAUNDERS, 000–00–0000 CHRISTOPHER J. IRWIN, 000–00–0000 HUGH B. SCOTT, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REAPPOINT- RONALD R. MARTEL, 000–00–0000 ROSEMARY S. SKIDMORE, 000–00–0000 MENT TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL WHILE ASSIGNED TO JAMES L. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 WANDA J. STONE, 000–00–0000 A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY RICHARD L. MC CARTHY, 000–00–0000 GLEN L. TODD, 000–00–0000 UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTIONS 601(A) WILLIAM T. MILES, 000–00–0000 SUSAN E. ULLOA, 000–00–0000 AND 3033: ALAN L. PORTIS, 000–00–0000 JOHN J. WHITCOMB, 000–00–0000 REBECCA A. RIGNEY, 000–00–0000 RICHARD D. WHITE, 000–00–0000 To be general ROBERT P. RUSSELL, 000–00–0000 PATRICK C. WRENCHER, 000–00–0000 To be chief of staff of the Army RANDY G. SHAFFER, 000–00–0000 REBECCA C. SINE, 000–00–0000 f GEN. DENNIS J. REIMER, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. TAMARA R. WALKER, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY J. WOLFKILL, 000–00–0000 CONFIRMATIONS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER TO BE PLACED ON THE RETIRED LIST IN THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER To be ensign Executive Nominations Confirmed by THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1370: GREGORY A. CAMERON, 000–00–0000 the Senate May 23, 1995: ROGER A. HOUSE, 000–00–0000 FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE To be general THE FOLLOWING NAMED U.S. NAVAL RESERVE OFFI- CORPORATION GEN. GORDON R. SULLIVAN, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. CERS, TO BE APPOINTED IN THE NURSE CORPS OF THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES EUGENE BRANSTOOL, OF OHIO, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER TO BE PLACED ON CODE, SECTION 531: THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE FEDERAL AGRICUL- THE RETIRED LIST IN THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION. THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, NURSE CORPS SECTION 1370: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE To be lieutenant commander To be lieutenant general KARL N. STAUBER, OF MINNESOTA, TO BE UNDER SEC- JAMES P. FERGUSON, 000–00–0000 RETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, LT. GEN. MARVIN L. COVAULT, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. To be lieutenant AND ECONOMICS. KARL N. STAUBER, OF MINNESOTA, TO BE A MEMBER THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- LINDA M. ACOSTA, 000–00–0000 OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMMODITY SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- KRISTEN ATTERBURY, 000–00–0000 CREDIT CORPORATION. BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION KHIN AUNGTHEIN, 000–00–0000 THE ABOVE NOMINATIONS WERE APPROVED SUBJECT 601(A): CHRISTINE A. BLYTHE, 000–00–0000 TO THE NOMINEES’ COMMITMENT TO RESPOND TO RE- KATHLEEN A. BRANNON, 000–00–0000 QUESTS TO APPEAR AND TESTIFY BEFORE ANY DULY To be lieutenant general CLARIBEL L. BROWN, 000–00–0000 CONSTITUTED COMMITTEE OF THE SENATE. MAUREEN R.N. BUTLER, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GEN. ROBERT E. GRAY, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. CHERYL L. CARSON, 000–00–0000 IN THE AIR FORCE THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR REAPPOINT- DAVID T. CASTELLANO, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MENT TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE CHESTER E. CHAPMAN, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL WHILE ASSIGNED TO A PO- ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPON- VIRGIL E. CRONKHITE, 000–00–0000 SITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER SIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- RACHELE A. CRUZ, 000–00–0000 TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 601: TION 601(A): CINDY L. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 ROANNA L. DUNN, 000–00–0000 To be general To be lieutenant general TERESA M. DZBENSKI, 000–00–0000 ANN L. EBERHART, 000–00–0000 LT. GEN. BILLY J. BOLES, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. LT. GEN. JOHN E. MILLER, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. MAURICE F. FAULK, JR., 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JAMES P. FOWLER, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- LAURIE GENTENE, 000–00–0000 SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- BRADLEY J. HARTGERINK, 000–00–0000 BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION SANDRA HEARN, 000–00–0000 601: 601(A): SANDRA K. HEAVEN, 000–00–0000 CHARLES W. HICKEY, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general To be lieutenant general JEANETTE S. HIRTER, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GEN. JOHN C. GRIFFITH, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. LORETTA A. HOWERTON, 000–00–0000 MAJ. GEN. WILLIAM G. CARTER III, 000–00–0000, U.S. ARMY. GARY M. JACKSON, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY LENA M. JONES, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- DIANA L. JORGENSEN, 000–00–0000 SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER TO BE PLACED ON JOHN J.S. KANE, 000–00–0000 BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION THE RETIRED LIST IN THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER MC GREADY D. KELSO, 000–00–0000 601: THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, GAYLE S. KENNERLY, 000–00–0000 SECTION 1370: BARBARA J. KINCADE, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant general KERRIE E. KUHL, 000–00–0000 To be vice admiral MAJ. GEN. LLOYD W. NEWTON, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. RONNELL R. LEFTWICH, 000–00–0000 VICE ADM. DONALD F. HAGEN, 000–00–0000, U.S. NAVY. ROBIN L. LIND, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT RICHARD S. MAFFEO, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL ON THE RETIRED LIST PUR- IN THE MARINE CORPS LORI A. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 SUANT TO THE PROVISIONS TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES MARK W. MC DONALD, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTION 1370: THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CAROLYN R. MC GEE, 000–00–0000 AS COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS, HEAD- VIOLET A.A. PAYNE, 000–00–0000 To be general QUARTERS, U.S. MARINE CORPS, AND APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL WHILE SERVING IN THAT POSI- JOANNE M. PETRELLI, 000–00–0000 GEN. CHARLES G. BOYD, 000–00–0000, U.S. AIR FORCE. DREW S. PINILLA, 000–00–0000 TION UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED NANCY G. RODRIGUEZ, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT STATES CODE, SECTION 5043: JANICE D. SANDERS, 000–00–0000 TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL ON THE RETIRED LIST PUR- To be Commandant of the Marine Corps DAVID A. TAIT, 000–00–0000 SUANT TO THE PROVISIONS TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES GLORIA S. TESTA, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTION 1370: LT. GEN. CHARLES C. KRULAK, 000–00–0000, USMC.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00143 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 23, 1995

IN THE AIR FORCE IN THE ARMY PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 23, 1995. AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING ROBERT D. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JOHN A. ADAMS, AND MARINE CORPS NOMINATIONS BEGINNING STEPHEN J. CURRY, AND ENDING WARD Y. TOM, WHICH NOMINATIONS ENDING *DARI WOLLSCHLAEGER, WHICH NOMINATIONS ACOSTA, AND ENDING GREGORY N. ZIMA, WHICH NOMINA- WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 30, 1995. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 23, 1995. IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MAY 2, 1995. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING *RUSSELL R. MOORES, AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING MAJ. BRADLEY C. IN THE NAVY ANDREESEN, AND ENDING MAJ. CHARLES E. LOWREY, JR., AND ENDING MICHAEL J. SMITH, WHICH NOMINA- TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING VANITA AHVJA, AND IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 30, 1995. AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON ENDING PERRY N. WILLETTE, WHICH NOMINATIONS ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JAMES W. WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE APRIL 3, 1995. CLEVENGER, JR., AND ENDING CHARLES M. KING, WHICH CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 30, 1995. AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING MAJ. JOSE T. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING CHARLES S. ABBOT, AGUINEGA, AND ENDING MAJ. STEPHEN L. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON APRIL 24, AND ENDING JAKE ZWEIG, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE JERENTOWSKI, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED 1995. RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL GRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 30, 1995. RECORD ON APRIL 3, 1995. IN THE MARINE CORPS NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING RYAN D. AARON, AND AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS OF JAMES C. INGRAM, JR., MARINE CORPS NOMINATIONS BEGINNING DAVID F. ENDING DAVID G. ZOOK, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RE- WHICH WAS RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED ALLEN, AND ENDING EUSEEKERS WILLIAMS, JR., WHICH CEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD OF APRIL 24, 1995. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- GRESSIONAL RECORD ON MARCH 30, 1995.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:08 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00144 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S23MY5.REC S23MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1097 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE RIGHTS OF AMERICAN LABOR Another example of an attack on labor is the mental selections representing a broad range SHOULD BE RESPECTED plan to repeal the Davis-Bacon Act that bene- of musical interests. The New Britain Musical fits all American communities by ensuring that Club has offered the citizens of the Hardware HON. WILLIAM J. COYNE federally funded construction projects are built City an opportunity to attend performances of OF PENNSYLVANIA by construction companies employing skilled dance, the classics, and popular music com- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and experienced workers. Davis-Bacon denies bined with good fellowship with their neigh- unscrupulous fly-by-night operators an oppor- bors. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 tunity to undercut local wages. Davis-Bacon The club members have also demonstrated Mr. COYNE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to has also saved taxpayers money by ensuring their love of music through the establishment state my strong opposition to efforts now that qualified companies are used to complete of scholarships to students with outstanding being made by the Republican Majority to Federal construction projects on-time and on- musical ability for the Julliard School of Music. weaken U.S. laws that protect the rights of budget. For close to 50 years, the New Britain Musical American workers. Without Davis-Bacon, more than a half mil- Club has sponsored an Advert concert of Han- The United States has a proud labor history lion American construction workers will see del's Messiah for the community. The club is based on independent unions and the their wages pushed down by fly-by-night con- a valuable asset in New Britain, CT's rich cul- progress achieved in the living standards of tractors. Legitimate companies will be put tural fabric where the presentation of music working class American families reflects this under pressure to pay substandard wages. and art is highly prized. history. America's unions have played a Federal income tax receipts would also be re- f central role in guaranteeing that workers in our duced by at least $1 billion a year if Davis- country participate in the benefits of economic Bacon were repealed. A TRIBUTE TO ROBERT SESSIONS growth. American labor struggled for decades The results of Davis-Bacon repeal can be to ensure that the rights of working men and observed at the State level. The nine States HON. JERRY LEWIS women were respected by employers and that have repealed State prevailing wage laws OF CALIFORNIA public officials responsible for making and en- have been construction wages fall and State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forcing our Nation's laws. treasuries have lost substantial income and U.S. labor laws benefit all working families, sale tax revenues. In Utah, the size of cost Tuesday, May 23, 1995 regardless of whether they may participate in overruns on State road construction tripled. Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I a collective bargaining organization. Landmark The use of less skilled and less experienced would like to bring to your attention the un- legislation enacted in the 1930's established a construction workers has also led to an in- timely passing of a fine man and an outstand- minimum wage and the 40-hour week, pro- crease in the number of injuries and fatalities ing public servant, chief of police Robert Ses- tected our Nation's children from dangerous in the workplace. sions of Barstow, CA. Chief Sessions, a 28- and exploitative working conditions, and guar- A repeal of the Davis-Bacon Act is simply a year member of the department and an inspir- anteed the rights of Americans to bargain col- bad idea. Any imagined benefit of a Davis- ing presence to the city of Barstow, died on lectively. Tragically, Americans labor laws are Bacon repeal is far outweighed by the costs in May 20 after a brief battle with cancer. currently under attack by the new Republican dollars and in the lives of American workers. Bob Sessions was born on March 23, 1940 majority in the House. I urge my colleagues in the House to just say and received a A.A. degree in education from Republican Leaders in the House have pro- no to the repeal of the Davis-Bacon Act. Barstow Community College and a B.S. de- posed to revise or eliminate legal rights estab- Mr. Speaker, I believe that each Member of gree in sociology from Chapman College. He lished as long as six decades ago. Rights the House should let their constituents know also graduated from the FBI's National Acad- taken for granted by most Americans are now where they stand on the issue of protecting emy. In 1963, Bob married Carol Dawson and in jeopardy. House Majority Leader RICHARD the legal rights of American working men and later they adopted two children, Jon and Jen- ARMEY has stated that he not only opposed women. I hope my colleagues will join with me nifer. Together they moved to Barstow to any increase in the minimum wage but would in fighting to ensure that the U.S. House of make their home and work for Atchison, To- instead advocate the repeal of this historic Representatives respects the right of Amer- peka & Santa Fe Railway. Four years later, U.S. labor law. ican labor. Bob became a reserve officer with the Bar- One clear attempt to have Congress retreat f stow Police Department and was sworn in as from the labor rights protected currently by a full time peace officer in 1968. U.S. law is H.R. 743, the Team Act. This bill IN APPRECIATION OF THE NEW Over the years, Bob worked his way would amend the National Labor Relations Act BRITAIN MUSICAL CLUB ON through the ranks of the Barstow Police De- to permit employers to establish company THEIR 75TH ANNIVERSARY partment assuming the position of patrol offi- labor organizations that would effectively com- cer, K±9 officer, detective, sergeant, lieuten- plete with independent unions. H.R. 743 would HON. NANCY L. JOHNSON ant, and captain. In September 1985 Bob was overturn existing law which prohibits employ- OF CONNECTICUT promoted to chief of police. During his tenure, ers from establishing management-controlled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Chief Sessions implemented numerous pro- worker groups to oversee workplace issue. grams and projects including the Drug Abuse The intent of this legislation is to set aside Na- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Resistance and Education [DARE] Program, tional Labor Relations Board ruling that have Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut. Mr. Speak- the Retired Senior Volunteer Program [RSVP], prevented nonunion employers from using er, it is with great pride and appreciation that the Community Oriented Policing and Problem sham company unions to discourage the orga- I extend my congratulations to the New Britain Solving Program, and many others. nization of independent collective bargaining Musical Club of the occasion of its 75th anni- Chief Sessions' involvement in and support units. versary. The members of the club, which was for numerous professional organizations is I believe that the House must reject the formed in 1920 by Theron Wolcott Hart, will well known. He was a past president of the Team Act and any other similar legislation that celebrate this milestone at its annual banquet San Bernardino County Chief's Association, as would undermine the rights of American work- this evening. well as a member of the California Chiefs of ers to unionize. The National Labor Relations The New Britain Musical Club has grown Police Association, the International Associa- Act has succeeded in promoting fair and open throughout the decades, with members first tion of Chiefs of Police, the California Peace negotiation between labor and management gathering in each others' homes and now at Officer's Association, and many others. In ad- over workplace issues important to both par- the First Church of Christ Congregational. At dition, Chief Sessions played an extraordinary ties. Abandoning the principles of this land- their monthly performances, members and and active role in our civic and community life mark legislation is wrong. guests of the club present vocal and instru- as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. E 1098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 23, 1995 and Latter Day Saints, and participating in the anomalous situation under current law where SALUTING SCHOOL SUPERINTEND- Barstow Rodeo, scouting programs, and the a qualified educational institution can use the ENT DR. JACK R. ANDERSON reading program in local schools. rule and an academic health center cannot, Mr. Speaker, I ask that you join me, our col- even though the two institutions must hire and HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN leagues, and Bob's family and many friends in compete for the same highly qualified employ- OF NEW YORK paying tribute to this fine man. Chief Sessions ees. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was dearly loved and respected by the entire The proposed amendment narrowly defines Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Barstow community and he will be greatly ``academic health center'' to focus only on rec- missed. Indeed, he touched and protected the tifying the competitive problem that I've de- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, permit me to lives of many people and it is only fitting that scribed. Under the proposed amendment, the take this opportunity to bring to the attention of the House of Representatives honor him academic health center must: First, qualify as our colleagues an outstanding individual who today. a tax exempt hospital or medical research or- has garnered widespread respect and admira- f ganization eligible to receive charitable con- tion throughout southeastern New York. tributions, second, receive graduate medical Dr. Jack R. Anderson has been super- AN AMENDMENT TO TREAT ACA- education Federal funding, and third, engage intendent of schools in the East Ramapo DEMIC HEALTH CENTERS LIKE in and teach basic and clinical medical School District, in Rockland County, NY, since OTHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- science and research with the organization's 1977. He has brought national, and even inter- TIONS FOR PURPOSES OF THE own standing faculty. national, recognition to the East Ramapo EXCLUSION FOR EMPLOYER-PRO- We believe that the legislation will allow for School District through his educational vision, VIDED HOUSING a fair and equitable competitive market for his leadership, and his strong support for pro- these skilled and qualified employees. gram which had been initiated in his commu- HON. AMO HOUGHTON nity. f OF NEW YORK East Ramapo was a culturally and ethnically IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TRIBUTE TO DR. RICHARD diverse community when Dr. Anderson first ar- rived. Although that diversity still exists, Dr. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 TENNESSEN Anderson has devoted himself to bringing all Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I am joined in the community closer together. When he today by Mr. RANGEL, and Mrs. MALONEY, in HON. ROBERT A. UNDERWOOD first arrived, all eleven labor unions who do introducing legislation to provide an exclusion OF GUAM business with the East Ramapo School District for employer-provided housing for academic were without contracts, the district was in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES health centers the same as provided to other midst of austerity budgets, enrollment in the educational institutions. In the 1986 Tax Re- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 schools was declining, the community was form Act, Congress enacted a safe harbor pro- Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I would factionalized, and the NAACP has filed stu- vision for college and university-owned hous- like to take this occasion to commend one of dent and staff discrimination charges. ing provided to certain faculty and staff. Under the island's premier educators, Dr. Richard In a short period of time, Dr. Anderson ne- the safe harbor provision, the difference be- Tennessen. Through the years, has made gotiated contracts, ended the labor crisis, tween the fair market value and the actual rent great contributions toward the development of reconsolidated and reorganized the schools to for campus housing provided to employees of Guam through his work in the field of edu- more accurately reflect population patterns, an educational institution is excluded from cation. It is only befitting that he was selected and resolved all discrimination issues with the gross income to the employees. In the 1986 as this year's Association of Community Col- NAACP. Act, academic health centers were not in- lege Trustees [ACCT], Pacific Region Trustee Because of his outstanding record of 18 cluded in the safe harbor provision. Leadership Awardee. years of service, Dr. Jack Anderson was des- The legislation that is being introduced ignated as the New York State Superintendent Dr. Tennessen's roots on the island run today would afford the same safe harbor pro- of the Year earlier this year by the American deep. He first came to the island as a contract vision to academic health centers, and place Association of School Administrators. More re- teacher back in 1955. He moved on to be- them on equal footing with colleges and uni- cently, he was designated by the same group come the principal of Barrigada Junior High, versities. I believe that academic health cen- as one of the four top school administrators in and later of George Washington High School. ters are important national resources that pro- the entire Nation. He also served as superintendent of schools vide significant contributions to the Nation's Mr. Speaker, I have enjoyed a close work- under Gov. Manuel Guerrero and as the dean understanding and treatment of diseases af- ing relationship with Dr. Anderson for many of the University of Guam's College of Edu- flicting our citizens. years. I consider him to be an astute and in- cation. The arguments that applied to the safe har- sightful individual, who strongly believes that bor provision for colleges and universities in It was, however, at his present post as the education of our young people is an in- the 1986 tax law are the same arguments that chairman of the Guam Community College vestment in the future of our society, and is apply to an academic health center. board of trustees that Dr. Tennessen received therefore our most important priority. The benefits of providing faculty and staff this coveted award from the ACCT. His selec- Mr. Speaker, I ask all of our colleagues to housing enables the center to attract and re- tion is truly a great honor, considering the fact join with me in saluting an outstanding individ- tain a full-time faculty and staff to fulfill the that he was chosen over hundreds of trustee ual, Superintendent Dr. Jack R. Anderson of mission of the institution. For institutions lo- chairmen from all areas in the Pacific region, the East Ramapo School District. including Oregon, Washington, British Colum- cated in high rent areas such as New York f City, this provision is essential for the institu- bia, Nevada, Arizona, California, and Hawaii. tion to carry out its missions of patient care, Dr. Tennessen's selection also marks the first SETTING INTERNATIONAL education, and research. time that a trustee from Guam won the award. PRIORITIES Second, many of the tenants of academic For over three decades, Dr. Richard center-owned housing are pursuing advanced Tennessen directly assisted in the develop- HON. RON PACKARD degrees and training at the center and usually ment of Guam through his work in the field of OF CALIFORNIA at substantial financial hardship. In addition, education. Having been a former colleague of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the faculty and staff of an academic health Dr. Tennessen and an educator myself, I un- center are often living in the same building as derstand and appreciate the significance of his Tuesday, May 23, 1995 faculty and staff of a neighboring university. efforts. I commend him for all the good work Mr. PACKARD. Mr. Speaker, the bill before Our bill would amend the definition of ``edu- that he has done for the island of Guam and us provides an opportunity to reorder our inter- cational institution'' under section 119(d) of the congratulate him on winning this prestigious national priorities and put our fiscal house in Internal Revenue Code. The amendment award. On behalf of the people of Guam, I join order. This bill represents the first major re- would ensure that academic health centers, his wife, the former Julie Taitano and his chil- form in overseas operations in 50 years by which are not part of a college or university, dren, Lori and Gene, in proudly celebrating the slashing $1.8 billion from the President's 1996 but nevertheless are teaching institutions, outcome of his hard work. We commend his fiscal year request. would qualify for the section 119(d) special work and his contributions to the island of This bill eliminates AID, USIA, and ACDA, valuation rule. This change would correct the Guam. three bloated and inefficient agencies and May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1099 consolidates their relevant functions within the The letters come from both sides of the Siter and his fellow crewmen were never State Department. This $200 million reduction battle line. A letter by a Japanese officer ex- found. in operating expenses abolishes duplicative plains why he felt the war was justified— Mr. Speaker, these are the people we America, he said, had denied his country ac- should hold near and dear to our hearts as legislative, legal, and administrative personnel. cess to natural resources. A Japanese soldier In addition, with the savings derived from the writes tenderly of his concern for his young this Memorial Day draws near. As we cele- ending these wasteful programs, we are able sister as the tide of war turns against Japan. brate the golden anniversary of the end of to fully fund narcotics control, antiterrorism, Gen. Erwin Rommel of the Wehrmacht ex- World War II and remember the thousands and security programs. presses affection for his wife. who gave their lives in that monumental war, Streamlining the foreign aid bureaucracy Of the U.S. use of atomic bombs, the text let us not forget those, like Richard Siter, who and prioritizing our commitments abroad al- says, ‘‘Argument about their employment put their lives on the line daily to provide the lows us to continue our deficit slashing agen- has continued almost increasingly ever since blanket of freedom beneath which our Nation 1945, but in the context of the time, they and our way of life has thrived. da. The bill moves us closer to that goal and were seen as, and almost certainly were; life- represents a step in the right direction. Mr. saving shortcuts to the end of the war.’’ At this time, Mr. Speaker, I would ask that Speaker, I urge my colleagues to keep our The assessment is reasonable. you, and all Members, join me in paying trib- budgetary goals in mind as we continue to de- A few days ago, a citizen’s committee ute to the service of Lt. Richard Siter and bate and fine tune this bill. made public a report about the future of the send our condolences to his family. While they f Smithsonian. The panel said the facility suffered through the initial uncertainty of his should not become a ‘‘home for congratula- whereabouts, they can be bolstered by the HISTORY PROPERLY DISPLAYED tion.’’ The inclusion of that sneering state- certainty that Richard is indeed counted ment suggests that someone on the panel wanted the Smithsonian to become a court amongst great Americans. May he be both in HON. DOUG BEREUTER in which the United States and Western civ- our hearts and our minds this Memorial Day OF NEBRASKA ilization in general can regularly be put on and always. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trial. f Good history, of course, isn’t cheerleading. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 But neither does it consist of condemning TRIBUTE TO JAMES J. MARTIN Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, this Member earlier generations because they didn’t live AND RALPH KERMOIAN would like to commend to his colleagues the up to the politically correct standards of the following editorial from the May 16, 1995, present. Some of the best history consists of unadorned facts, presented in their context. HON. BILL BAKER Omaha World-Herald. This editorial properly OF CALIFORNIA praises the National Archives for its straight- That is what the National Archives, to its credit, has produced. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forwward approach to displaying World War II Tuesday, May 23, 1995 artifacts, photos, letters, and recordings. As f Mr. BAKER of California. Mr. Speaker, in a the editorial notes, the National Archives has IN MEMORY OF RICHARD SITER, few days, two of California's most outstanding appropriately chosen to allow visitors to exam- U.S. NAVY ine the display without being subjected to un- educators will retire after years of effective necessary and slanted commentary. HON. GERALD B. H. SOLOMON public service. [From the Omaha World-Herald, May 16, Both James J. Martin and Ralph Kermoian OF NEW YORK 1995] have served the Lafayette School District for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SIMPLE ARTIFACTS, PHOTOS, LETTERS 25 years. Dr. Martin is currently serving as su- DESCRIBE WAR; NO NEED FOR ‘SPIN’ Tuesday, May 23, 1995 perintendent of the district, and Mr. Kermoian is assistant superintendent. Over the years, While the Smithsonian Institution was giv- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, as Memorial they have filled many other roles in edu- ing itself a black eye over its proposed Enola Day approaches again this year, many people cational administration. Gay display, a different kind of World War II and families around this Nation prepare week- exhibit was being prepared a few blocks As of July 1, these dedicated men will leave end trips, picnics and barbecues. They can do away. the Lafayette School District to pursue other so because of the selfless service and sac- Historians at the National Archives assem- ventures. Their presence will be missed by the rifice of the millions of men and women who bled artifacts, photographs, letters and re- thousands of present and former students who cordings to tell the story of America’s in- have served in the armed forces throughout have benefited from their dedicated steward- volvement in World War II from Pearl Har- our history. These people defend and provide bor to V-J Day. Their display tells the story ship of Lafayette's schools. the very freedoms we enjoy everyday, not to It is a pleasure for me to join with the entire with power and poignancy—and without the mention those luxurious moments we look for- accusatory spin that tainted the Lafayette community in thanking James Martin ward to spending with loved ones on days like Smithsonian’s proposed Enola Gay display, and Ralph Kermoian for all they have done to with its condemnation of the U.S. use of Memorial Day. enhance learning in the East Bay region. Be- atomic weapons. However, for a great deal of Americans, Me- stowing the precious gift of knowledge on The Archives display includes General Ei- morial Day takes on a much more personal young minds is both a challenge and a vital senhower’s handwritten draft of the state- meaning, a reminder of the loss of a loved need, and James and Ralph deserve much ment with which he planned to blame him- one. It is a time when millions of Americans self if the Normandy invasion failed. There is credit for their roles in preparing future gen- reflect on the memory of a loved one who erations for tomorrow. I am most pleased to a bit of red fabric cut from the American flag made the ultimate sacrifice on behalf of our that was surrendered to the Japanese on Cor- recognize them in the CONGRESSIONAL nation and our freedoms. Mr. Speaker, I would regidor. The cloth was preserved by Amer- RECORD. like to take this time to pay tribute to the serv- ican POWs, carried on the Bataan death f march as a sacred symbol of their love for ice of one such American hero from the town America, passed from one GI to another of Philmont, NY in my congressional district, IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 125TH until the end of the war. Lt. Richard Siter, U.S. Navy. ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUND- The Pearl Harbor attack is stunningly seen In the summer of 1992, Lieutenant Siter was ING OF PIO NONO COLLEGE AND in a film shot by a Navy photographer who stationed aboard the air craft carrier, USS HIGH SCHOOL AND THE 50TH AN- happened to be on deck with his camera John F. Kennedy off the coast of Puerto Rico. when the bombs started to fall. Hitler and NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING his cronies are shown in a photo album kept Richard was a radar specialist in the Navy's OF DON BOSCO HIGH SCHOOL by Eva Braun. The display includes photos of air division and was assigned to an E±C2 battle scenes, victory celebrations and ev- Hawkeye aircraft. On July 31, 1992, Lieuten- HON. GERALD D. KLECZKA ant Siter and the four other members of the eryday life in the 1940s. OF WISCONSIN Giving the display a special quality are let- five man crew, were flying over the waters of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ters and diaries penned by the great and the the Atlantic, well north of Puerto Rico, com- ordinary. prising the defense of our eastern shore. Upon Tuesday, May 23, 1995 A declassified message from Prime Min- ister Winston Churchill to President Frank- their return flight to the USS John F. Kennedy, Mr. KLECZKA. I would like to commemorate lin Roosevelt is signed only with the word the five members of this Hawkeye crew would the 125th anniversary of the founding of Mil- ‘‘Prime.’’ An American mother writes mov- suffer a terrible accident. Their craft went waukee's Pio Nono College and High School ingly to a son who will never live to read her down 75 miles north of Puerto Rico with no and the 50th anniversary of the founding of words. survivors. Tragically, the body of Lieutenant my alma mater, Don Bosco High School. E 1100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 23, 1995 For more than a century, quality Catholic The amendment would resolve the uncer- essential to the continued viability of hydro- education has been available on Milwaukee's tainty in regulation of hydroelectric projects electric resources since the majority of existing South Side thanks to the traditions forged by caused by the U.S. Supreme Court's recent projects will undergo relicensing, and therefore Pio Nono College and High School and by decision in PUD No. 1 of Jefferson County et section 401 certification, within the near future. Don Bosco High School. Although these two al. Versus Washington Department of Ecology f outstanding schools have since merged to be- et al., known as the Tacoma case. In Tacoma, come Milwaukee's Thomas More High School, the Supreme Court ruled that State water IN RECOGNITION OF THE ENFIELD the standards of excellence and commitment quality agencies under section 401 of the SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION to Catholic principles which they established Clean Water Act may determine whether a hy- COUNCIL VOLUNTEERS IN EN- remain as strong and true as ever. droelectric project qualifies as a designated FIELD, CT Pio Nono College was founded in 1870 and use of a water body, prescribe flow conditions initially trained young men in music and teach- for the project, and impose conditions on the HON. NANCY L. JOHNSON ing. For a time, Pio Nono stood as one of this project under either State water quality stand- OF CONNECTICUT country's foremost centers of Catholic liturgical ards for any other appropriate requirement of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES music. As the educational needs of the Mil- State law. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 waukee diocese evolved, the focus of Pio The Tacoma case brings section 401 of the Nono changed. Over the years, Pio Nono was Clean Water Act into conflict with the com- Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut. Mr. Speak- transformed into a boarding and day school prehensive licensing process already adminis- er, it is with great pride and respect that I rise for young men, later into the St. Francis Minor tered by the Federal Energy Regulatory Com- to commend the many students, parents, edu- Seminary, and by 1965, into Pio Nono High mission [FERC] under the Federal Power Act cators, and professionals who are members of School. Throughout these changes, Pio [FPA]. Under the FPA, FERC exhaustively the Enfield Substance Abuse Prevention Nono's commitment to providing quality Catho- evaluates and balances all public values af- Council and will be honored for their efforts to lic education never wavered. fected by a project in a lengthy and com- raise community awareness of substance By the mid 1940's, the need arose on Mil- prehensive process that requires a minimum abuse. waukee's South Side for a high school serving of 5 years to complete. The considerations ex- This evening, at Enrico Fermi High School, young men who sought a Catholic education, amined thoroughly by FERC include all as- the council will be hosting a celebration of but who were not called to join a seminary. In pects of water quality as well as a need for youth to recognize the dedication and accom- 1945, Don Bosco High School was founded in power, irrigation, flood control, recreation, ef- plishments of the volunteers, both children and response to that need. For the next two and fects on Indian tribes, effects on Federal adults, who have volunteered their time, en- a half decades, Don Bosco High School, lands, endangered species concerns, and ef- ergy, and experience to causes or projects under the guidance of the Marianist order of fects of fish and wildlife habitat. whose mission is related to substance abuse priests and brothers, prepared scores of Mil- Thus, the problem with the Tacoma case is prevention. waukee's young men for the lifetime of chal- two-fold. First, it creates duplication by allow- Substance abuse prevention is critical to the lenges that lay before them. I am very proud ing for 50 mini-FERC processes at the State health and prosperity of all citizens, and I ex- to be among those members of our commu- level to be added to the already costly and press my appreciation to all of the volunteers nity who received their scholastic and spiritual burdensome process before FERC. Second, it who have worked together and daily dem- foundation at Don Bosco. potentially leaves hydroelectric licensing condi- onstrate their commitment to the quality of life By the late 1960's, the needs of the Milwau- tions in the hands of agencies that are in Enfield, CT. kee diocese had again changed, and in 1972, charged with maintaining only one value, these two institutions were merged into Thom- f namely water quality. as More High School. This year, as we cele- In recognition that hydroelectric develop- A TRIBUTE TO ROBERT WIENS brate the 125th anniversary of the founding of ment frequently presents conflicts among com- Pio Nono and the 50th anniversary of the peting societal values, there must be an ulti- HON. JERRY LEWIS founding of Don Bosco, we can be proud that mate arbiter that resolves such conflicts on the the traditions of those outstanding schools are OF CALIFORNIA basis of weighing and balancing all interests. being carried forward into the future by Thom- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FERC is charged with filling that role under as More. The alumni of Pio Nono, Don Bosco, Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Federal law. If licensing conditions are left in and Thomas More owe a debt of thanks to the the hands of water quality agencies who have Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I men and women, past and present, who cared no responsibility to the overall public interest it would like to bring to your attention the fine enough to make quality and affordable Catho- is inevitable that licensing decisions will be work and outstanding public service of Mr. lic education available to our community. made on the basis of environmental impacts Robert Wiens of Redlands, CA. Bob, a dedi- f alone. cated professional and longtime community TACOMA AMENDMENT TO H.R. 961 The amendment is a compromise approach activist, has retired as the president and chief CLEAN WATER AMENDMENTS to the Tacoma problem which is supported by executive officer of Redlands Federal Bank ACT OF 1995 the hydroelectric industry. It uses as departure after 38 years of service to Inland Empire. A point the fact that the Supreme Court in Ta- tribute dinner will be held in his honor on June HON. BILL EMERSON coma explicitly left open the question of what 17 with the proceeds of the event going to the happens when section 401 conditions conflict Inland Empire Habitat for Humanity OF MISSOURI with licensing conditions chosen by FERC. Bob Wiens graduated from the University of HON. GREG LAUGHLIN The amendment would allow State water qual- Redlands in 1956 and later attended Indiana OF TEXAS ity agencies to exercise the broad reach of au- University's Graduate School of Savings and HON. RANDY TATE thority under Tacoma, but State-imposed con- Loan. Following graduation, Bob went to work at Redlands Federal Bank where he spent al- OF WASHINGTON ditions would yield in situations where FERC most the next 40 years of his professional life, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES finds inconsistency with the purposes and re- quirements under the Federal Power Act. moving up the professional ranks and leaving Tuesday, May 23, 1995 These situations should be rare. an indelible impression upon the bank and the Mr. EMERSON. Mr. Speaker, my colleagues The Tacoma amendment is not a perfect local community. In his first 27 years with and I rise today to supplement the discussion solution for the hydroelectric industry, but an Redlands Federal, Bob served as a bank tell- we and several of our distinguished col- attempt to meet the States halfway. As di- er, manager of the Beaumont and Yucaipa leagues had on May 11, 1995. We were suc- rected by Chairman SHUSTER at the full com- branches, corporate secretary, treasurer/con- cessful in amending H.R. 961, the Clean mittee markup of H.R. 961, representatives of troller, and executive vice-president. In 1983, Water Amendments Act of 1995. During the the hydroelectric industry have met with the Bob became president and chief operating of- debate, Mr. Emerson offered his amendment, National Governors Association and the West- ficer, and 3 years later, became president and and then accepted the substitute to his ern States Water Council in an attempt to chief executive officer. Bob became chairman, amendment that was offered by Mr. Laughlin achieve a consensus approach. These efforts president, and chief executive officer in 1992. and Mr. Tate. The substitute for the amend- have not been successful; nor have State in- To say the least, Bob Wiens has played an ment is called the Tacoma amendment and is terests come forward with any alternatives of extraordinary and critical role in our commu- described as follows. their own. Resolution of the Tacoma issue is nity. Since 1976, he has served in numerous May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1101 capacities with the California League of Sav- Redlands Community Hospital Foundation, the is planning to build a house in Bob's name in ings Institutions, as well as the Institute of Fi- University of Redland National Alumni Asso- Redlands in the Redlands area in 1995. nancial Education and Financial Managers So- ciation, and the First Presbyterian Church of Mr. Speaker, I ask that you join me, our col- ciety. In addition, he has actively served with San Bernardino. leagues, and Bob's family and many friends in the University of Redlands board of Trustees, I have known Bob and his lovely wife, Mar- recognizing his many fine achievements and the Redland Symphony Advisory Board, San ion, for many years now. They are two of the Bernardino County Homeless Coalition, Inland truly outstanding and dynamic individuals in selfless contributions. Over the years, Bob Action, and the Inland Empire Economic our community who day in and day out make Wiens has touched the lives of many people Council. He has also been integrally involved a difference in our community. It's only fitting and it is only fitting that the House of Rep- with the Redlands Chamber of Commerce, the that the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity resentatives recognize him today. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Daily Digest Senate (4) Bumpers Amendment No. 1130, to strike the Chamber Action proposed change in the budget process rules which Routine Proceedings, pages S7137–S7268 would permit the scoring of revenue derived from Measures Introduced: Seven bills were introduced, the sale of federal assets. Pages S7220±25 as follows: S. 841–847. Page S7244 A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro- viding for further consideration of the pending Congressional Budget: Senate continued consider- amendments and certain amendments to be proposed ation of S. Con. Res. 13, setting forth the congres- on Wednesday, May 24, 1995. Page S7198 sional budget for the United States Government for During consideration of this measure today, the the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, Senate took the following action: 2001, and 2002, taking action on amendments pro- By 47 yeas to 53 nays (Vote No. 176), three-fifths posed thereto, as follows: Pages S7137±S7229 of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having Adopted: voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to Stevens/Domenici Amendment No. 1129, to ex- waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act press the sense of the Congress regarding full fund- of 1974 with respect to consideration of Bradley ing for Decade of the Brain research. Pages S7217±20 Amendment No. 1122, to lessen tax increases on Rejected: working families by using amounts set aside for a (1) By 50 yeas to 50 nays (Vote No. 177), Roth tax cut. Subsequently, a point of order that the Amendment No. 1121, to express the sense of the amendment was in violation of Section 305(b)(2) of Senate that the number of Federal full-time equiva- the Congressional Budget Act was sustained, and the lent positions should be further reduced. Page S7197 amendment was ruled out of order. (2) By 31 yeas to 69 nays (Vote No. 178), Pages S7138±57, S7197 Gramm Amendment No. 1123, in the nature of a By 47 yeas to 53 nays (Vote No. 179), three-fifths substitute. Pages S7161±79, S7197±98 of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having (3) By 40 yeas to 60 nays (Vote No. 180), Thur- voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to mond Amendment No. 1125, to restore adequate waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act defense budget levels and to provide for offsetting with respect to consideration of Exon Amendment reductions from non-defense discretionary spending No. 1124, to restore funding for seniors, education, and non-defense spending in the defense budget. agriculture, working families, veterans, and other Pages S7185±96, S7198 Americans, using amounts set aside for a tax cut. Pending: Subsequently, a point of order that the amendment (1) Harkin/Bumpers Amendment No. 1126, to re- was in violation of Section 304(b)(2) of the Congres- duce unnecessary military spending, holding military sional Budget Act was sustained, and the amend- spending to a freeze in overall spending over 7 years ment was ruled out of order. Pages S7181±85, S7198 protecting readiness and modernization activities and Senate will continue consideration of the resolu- shifting the savings to education and job training, tion on Wednesday, May 24, 1995. restoring a portion of the reductions proposed for those programs in the resolution. Pages S7199±S7203 Messages From the President: Senate received the (2) Feingold/Hollings Amendment No. 1127, to following messages from the President of the United strike the budget surplus allowance provision (Sec- States: tion 204) from the resolution to eliminate the use Transmitting the report relative to emigration of the fiscal dividend for further tax cuts. laws and policies of the Republic of Romania; re- Pages S7203±08 ferred to the Committee on Finance. (PM–51). (3) Snowe Amendment No. 1128, to increase Page S7244 funding for mandatory spending in function 500 Nominations Confirmed: Senate confirmed the fol- (Education). Pages S7208±17 lowing nominations: D 647 D 648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 23, 1995 Eugene Branstool, of Ohio, to be a Member of the Director, Food and Agriculture Issues, Resources, Board of Directors of the Federal Agricultural Mort- Community, and Economic Development Division, gage Corporation. General Accounting Office; Iowa Governor Terry Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be Under Sec- Branstad, Des Moines; Florida Governor Lawton retary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Chiles, Tallahassee; Gerald H. Miller, Michigan De- Economics. (New Position) partment of Social Services, Lansing; J. Jean Rogers, Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be a Member Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services, of the Board of Directors of the Commodity Credit Madison; Robert Greenstein, Center on Budget and Corporation. Policy Priorities, Timothy M. Hammonds, Food 8 Air Force nominations in the rank of general. Marketing Institute, and Robert J. Fersh, Food Re- 1 Army nomination in the rank of Chief of Staff search and Action Center, all of Washington, D.C.; of the Army. M. Anne Hill, City University of New York, Flush- 6 Army nominations in the rank of general. ing; Linda Locke, Louisville, Kentucky, on behalf of 1 Marine Corps nomination in the rank of Com- the National Child and Adult Care Food Program mandant of the Marine Corps. Sponsors Forum; Vivian Pilant, South Carolina De- 1 Navy nomination in the rank of admiral. partment of Education, Columbia, on behalf of the Routine lists in the Air Force, Army, Marine American School Food Service Association; and Corps, Navy. Pages S7230±31, S7279±80 James Richard, Alabama Department of Public Nominations Received: Senate received the follow- Health, Montgomery, on behalf of the National As- ing nominations: sociation of WIC Directors. Routine lists in the Air Force, Army, and Navy. Committee recessed subject to call. Pages S7268±79 Messages From the President: Page S7244 APPROPRIATIONS—DEFENSE Executive Reports of Committees: Page S7244 Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Defense Statements on Introduced Bills: Pages S7244±47 held hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for financial management programs of the Additional Cosponsors: Pages S7247±48 Department of Defense, receiving testimony from Amendments Submitted: Pages S7248±57 John J. Hamre, Under Secretary of Defense (Comp- Notices of Hearings: Page S7257 troller); and Charles Bowsher, Comptroller General Authority for Committees: Page S7258 of the United States, General Accounting Office. Subcommittee will meet again on Tuesday, June Additional Statements: Pages S7258±68 6. Record Votes: Five record votes were taken today. (Total—180) Pages S7197±98 APPROPRIATIONS—DISTRICT OF Recess: Senate convened at 8:30 a.m., and recessed COLUMBIA at 10:35 p.m., until 8 a.m., on Wednesday, May 24, Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on the 1995. (For Senate’s program, see the remarks of the District of Columbia held hearings on proposed Acting Majority Leader in today’s RECORD on page budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for the govern- S7268.) ment of the District of Columbia, focusing on the District of Columbia public school system, receiving Committee Meetings testimony from Michael Feuer, Director, Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council; (Committees not listed did not meet) Wilma Harvey, President, District of Columbia Board of Education, and Franklin Smith, Super- 1995 FARM BILL: FOOD ASSISTANCE intendent, District of Columbia Public Schools, both Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: Com- of the Government of the District of Columbia; and mittee resumed hearings on proposed legislation to Daniel Koretz, Urban Institute, Carrie Thornhill, on strengthen and improve United States agricultural behalf of the Committee on Public Education, programs, focusing on the Department of Agri- Delabian Rice-Thurston, Parents United for the D.C. culture food and nutrition assistance programs, re- Public Schools, and Thriftone B. Jones, D.C. Con- ceiving testimony from Representative Cunningham; gress of Parents and Teachers, all of Washington, , Secretary of Agriculture; Ellen W. D.C. Haas, Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food and Subcommittee recessed subject to call. Consumer Services; Robert A. Robinson, Associate May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 649 APPROPRIATIONS—FOREIGN ASSISTANCE District, and Steven L. Hernandez, Hubert & Her- Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Foreign nandez, on behalf of the Elephant Butte Irrigation Operations held hearings on proposed budget esti- District and the Carlsbad Irrigation District, both of mates for fiscal year 1996 for foreign assistance pro- Las Cruces, New Mexico; and Kenneth Nelson, grams, receiving testimony from Lynn Davis, Under Courtland, Kansas, on behalf of the Irrigation Secretary for Arms Control and International Secu- Projects Reauthorization Council of Kansas and Ne- rity Affairs, and John Shattuck, Assistant Secretary braska. for Human Rights, both of the Department of State; Hearings were recessed subject to call. Lt. Gen. Thomas Rhame, Director, Defense Security WOLVES IN YELLOWSTONE PARK Assistance Agency, Department of Defense; and Law- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: Sub- rence J. Korb, Brookings Institution, Holly J. committee on Parks, Historic Preservation and Burkhalter, Human Rights Watch, William Recreation concluded oversight hearings on the De- Hartung, World Policy Institute, and Lora Lumpe, partment of the Interior’s programs, policies and Federation of American Scientists, all of Washing- budget implications on the reintroduction of wolves ton, D.C. in and around Yellowstone National Park, after re- Subcommittee recessed subject to call. ceiving testimony from George T. Frampton, Jr., As- NOMINATIONS sistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, and Mollie H. Beattie, Director, United States Fish Committee on Armed Services: Committee ordered favor- and Wildlife Service, both of the Department of the ably reported 2,020 military nominations in the Interior; Robert M. Ferris, Defenders of Wildlife, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. John Kostyack, National Wildlife Federation, Wil- NASA SPACE STATION PROGRAM liam G. Myers, III, Public Lands Council, on behalf of the National Cattlemen’s Association, Philip H. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: Sub- Voorhees, on behalf of the National Parks and Con- committee on Science, Technology, and Space con- servation Association, and Jon Doggett, American cluded hearings on the state and performance of the Farm Bureau Federation, all of Washington, D.C.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Elaine Allestad, Big Timber, Montana, on behalf space station program, after receiving testimony of the Montana Wool Growers Association and the from J. Wayne Littles, Associate Administrator, Of- American Sheep Industry Association. fice of Space Flight, Harry Holloway, Associate Ad- ministrator, Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences AUTHORIZATION—FOREIGN ASSISTANCE and Applications, and Randy Brinkley, Space Station Committee on Foreign Relations: Committee began Program Manager (Houston, Texas), all of the Na- markup of proposed legislation to authorize reduced tional Aeronautics and Space Administration; Marcia levels of appropriations for foreign assistance pro- Smith, Space Policy Analyst, Congressional Research grams for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, but did not Service, ; Lori B. Garver, Na- complete action thereon, and will continue tomor- tional Space Society, and Alexander McPherson, As- row. sociation of American Universities, both of Washing- ton, D.C.; and Tom Rogers, Space Transportation NOMINATIONS Association, Arlington, Virginia. Committee on Governmental Affairs: Committee con- cluded hearings on the nominations of Robert F. RECLAMATION FACILITIES TRANSFER ACT Rider, of Delaware, and S. David Fineman, of Penn- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: Sub- sylvania, each to be a Governor of the United States committee on Forests and Public Land Management Postal Service, G. Edward DeSeve, of Pennsylvania, held hearings on S. 620, to direct the Secretary of to be Controller, Office of Federal Financial Manage- the Interior to convey, upon request, certain property ment, Office of Management and Budget, and John in Federal reclamation projects to beneficiaries of the W. Carlin, of Kansas, to be Archivist of the United projects and to set forth a distribution scheme for States, National Archives and Records Administra- revenues from reclamation project lands, receiving tion, after the nominees testified and answered ques- testimony from Daniel P. Beard, Commissioner, Bu- tions in their own behalf. Mr. Fineman was intro- reau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior; duced by Senator Specter and Representatives Borski Roger Ling, Ling, Nielsen and Robinson, Rupert, and Fattah, Mr. DeSeve was introduced by Rep- Idaho; Thomas F. Donnelly, National Water Re- resentative Borski, and Mr. Carlin was introduced by sources Association, Arlington, Virginia; Tom W. Senator Dole. Testimony was also received on the Davis, Carlsbad Irrigation District, Carlsbad, New nomination of Mr. Carlin from Gaddis Smith, Yale Mexico; Gary Esslinger, Elephant Butte Irrigation University, New Haven, Connecticut, on behalf of D 650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 23, 1995 the Organization of American Historians and the ing on EEOC’s charge processing system and case American Historical Association; Susan E. Davis, backlog, after receiving testimony from Linda G. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, on Morra, Director, Education and Employment Issues, behalf of the Society of American Archivists; Howard Health, Education, and Human Services Division, P. Lowell, Delaware State Archives, Dover, on behalf General Accounting Office; Gilbert F. Casellas, of the National Association of Government Archives Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Com- and Records Administrators; and Martha Joynt mission; Donald R. Livingston, Akin, Gump, Kumar, Towson State University, Towson, Maryland, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, and Stephen E. Tallent, Gib- on behalf of the Presidency Research Group. son, Dunn & Crutcher, both of Washington, D.C.; EEOC James A. Quirk, Computer Sciences Raytheon, Cocoa Committee on Labor and Human Resources: Committee Beach, Florida, on behalf of the Society for Human concluded oversight hearings on the state of the Resource Management; and Nancy Kreiter, Women Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, focus- Employed Institute, Chicago, Illinois. h House of Representatives the balanced budget resolution (agreed to by a re- Chamber Action corded vote of 276 ayes to 134 noes, Roll No. 348); Bills Introduced: Seven public bills, H.R. and Pages H5450±55, H5459±60 1683–1689; and three resolutions, H.J. Res. 90–91, The Burton of Indiana amendment, as modified, H. Con. Res. 71 were introduced. Pages H5470±71 that prohibits development assistance to countries Speaker Pro Tempore: Read a letter from the that oppose the United States position in the United Speaker wherein he designates Representative Kim Nations General Assembly on 50 percent or more re- to act as Speaker pro tempore for today. Page H5379 corded plenary votes. Page H5460 Recess: House recessed at 11:10 a.m. and recon- The Funderburk amendment, as modified, was of- vened at noon. Page H5383 fered but subsequently withdrawn that sought to re- duce further the salaries and expenses of the Depart- Committees To Sit: The following committees re- ment of State by an additional $17 million. ceived permission to sit today during proceedings of Pages H5455±59 the House under the 5-minute rule: Committees on H. Res. 155, the rule under which the bill is Agriculture, Banking and Financial Services, Com- being considered, was agreed to earlier by a yea-and- merce, Economic and Educational Opportunities, nay vote of 233 yeas to 176 nays, Roll No. 347. Government Reform and Oversight, House Over- sight, Judiciary, National Security, Resources, Small Pages H5389±97 Business, and Select Intelligence. Page H5388 Presidential Message—Romanian Emigration: Read a letter from the President wherein he trans- American Overseas Interests Act: House com- pleted all general debate and began consideration of mits a report concerning emigration policies of the amendments on H.R. 1561, to consolidate the for- Republic of Romania—referred to the Committee on eign affairs agencies of the United States; to author- Ways and Means and ordered printed (H. Doc. ize appropriations for the Department of State and 104–78). Page H5460 related agencies for fiscal years 1996 and 1997; and Amendments Ordered Printed: Amendments or- to responsibly reduce the authorizations for United dered printed pursuant to the rule today appear on States foreign assistance programs for fiscal years pages H5472–83. 1996 and 1997; but came to no resolution thereon. Quorum Calls—Votes: One yea-and-nay vote and Pages H5389±H5460 one recorded vote developed during the proceedings Agreed To: of the House today and appear on pages H5397 and The Brownback amendment that reduces the au- H5459–60. There were no quorum calls. thorization level for fiscal year 1997 appropriations for international affairs programs by $478 million to Adjournment: Met at 10:30 a.m. and adjourned at conform with the authorization levels established by 7:07 p.m. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 651 Emergency Response, EPA; Barry Johnson, Assistant Committee Meetings Administrator, Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis- FIFRA AMENDMENTS ease Registry, Department of Health and Human Committee on Agriculture: Subcommittee on Depart- Services; and public witnesses. ment Operations, Nutrition, and Foreign Agriculture EEOC ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS/CASE approved for full Committee action amended Titles PROCESSING I, II, and III of H.R. 1627, to amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities: Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations held MAINTAINING, REFORMING OR a hearing on EEOC Administrative Reforms/Case ELIMINATING FEDERAL MILK MARKETING Processing, Testimony was heard from Gilbert F. ORDERS Casellas, chairman, EEOC. Committee on Agriculture: Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry held a hearing on the impact of FEDERAL DIRECT STUDENT LOAN maintaining, reforming, or eliminating Federal Milk PROGRAM Marketing Orders (FMMOs), criteria for the consoli- Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities: dation of FMMO order regions, revisions in the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations held pooling and sharing of FMMO receipts, proposals for a hearing on the Federal Direct Student Loan pro- a single national order, and the continuation or pre- gram. Testimony was heard from Senator Simon; emption of state orders. Testimony was heard from Representatives Petri, Istook and Gordon; and public Lon S. Hatamiya, Administrator, Agricultural Mar- witnesses. keting Service, USDA; John Harman, Director, Food and Agriculture Issues, GAO; and public witnesses. CONSOLIDATING FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATIONS Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: Sub- Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on the committee on Government Management, Informa- District of Columbia held a hearing on D.C. Fi- tion, and Technology concluded hearings on Consoli- nances. Testimony was heard from the following offi- dating Federal Programs and Organizations, Part II. cials of the District of Columbia: Robert Pohlman, Testimony was heard from Marshall S. Smith, Under Interim, Chief Financial Officer; and Robert Reid, Secretary, Department of Education; George Munoz, Controller. Assistant Secretary, Management and Chief Financial VA, HUD, AND INDEPENDENT AGENCIES Officer, Department of the Treasury; Paul L. Posner, APPROPRIATIONS Director, Budget Issues, Accounting and Information Management Division, GAO; the following former Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on VA, Secretaries, Department of Energy: Donald P. Hodel HUD, and Independent Agencies held a hearing on and Secretary of the Interior; John S. Herrington; the EPA. Testimony was heard from Carol M. and James D. Watkins; from the former Under Sec- Browner, Administrator, EPA. retaries, Department of Energy: Shelby T. Brewer; FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS REGULATORY and Donna R. Fitzpatrick; and public witnesses. RELIEF ACT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS—WASTE AND Committee on Banking and Financial Services: Sub- FRAUD committee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit continued hearings on the broad issue of reg- Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: Sub- ulatory burden relief as well as those matters ad- committee on Human Resources and Intergovern- dressed in H.R. 1362, Financial Institutions Regu- mental Relations held a hearing on Waste and Fraud latory Relief Act of 1995. Testimony was heard from in the following Departments: Education; Health public witnesses. and Human Services; Housing and Urban Develop- Hearings continue tomorrow. ment; Labor; and Veterans Affairs. Testimony was heard from public witnesses. SUPERFUND PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION OVERSIGHT Committee on Commerce: Subcommittee on Commerce, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: Sub- Trade, and Hazardous Materials continued hearings committee on Postal Service continued oversight on the reauthorization of the Superfund program. hearings on the U.S. Postal Service. Testimony was Testimony was heard from Tim Fields, Deputy As- heard from public witnesses. sistant Administrator, Office of Solid Waste and Hearings continue June 7. D 652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 23, 1995 COMMITTEE BUSINESS UNITED STATES-CHINA TRADE Committee on House Oversight: Approved the following RELATIONS AND RENEWAL OF MFN pending Committee business: parking policies; inside STATUS mail delivery policies; audio coverage for Committee Committee on Ways and Means: Subcommittee on meetings; and issuance of beauty shop and barber- Trade held a hearing on United States-China Trade shop requests for proposals and procurement of shoe Relations and Renewal of China’s Most-Favored-Na- shine services. tion Status. Testimony was heard from Representa- REFORM OF LAWS GOVERNING LOBBYING tives Solomon, Lantos, Wolf, Kolbe, and Pelosi; , Deputy U.S. Trade Representa- Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on the Con- tive; Kent Wiedemann, Deputy Assistant Secretary, stitution held a hearing on the reform of laws gov- East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; erning lobbying. Testimony was heard from Rep- and public witnesses. resentatives Bryant of Texas, Dornan, McHale, Meehan, Shays, Traficant, Upton, Wolf, and Zim- GUATEMALA mer; and public witnesses. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence: Met in execu- NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION tive session to receive a briefing on Guatemala. The Committee on National Security: Subcommittee on Mili- Committee was briefed by departmental witnesses. tary Procurement approved for full Committee action f H.R. 1530, National Defense Authorization for fiscal year 1996. NEW PUBLIC LAWS (For last listing of Public Laws, see DAILY DIGEST, p. D636) NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION S. 244, to further the goals of the Paperwork Re- Committee on National Security: Subcommittee on Mili- duction Act to have Federal agencies become more tary Research and Development approved for full responsible and publicly accountable for reducing the Committee action amended H.R. 1530, National burden of Federal paperwork on the public. Signed Defense Authorization for fiscal year 1996. May 22, 1995 (P.L. 104–13). APPROPRIATE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT f PROGRAMS—HELPING SMALL BUSINESSES FIND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1995 Committee on Small Business: Subcommittee on Pro- curement, Exports, and Business Opportunities con- (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) tinued hearings on the appropriate role and the ef- Senate fectiveness of various Federal Government programs Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Sub- in helping small businesses find export opportunities committee on Research, Nutrition, and General Legisla- around the world, with emphasis on the merits or tion, to hold hearings on proposed legislation to strength- pitfalls of export promotion programs as they impact en and improve United States agricultural programs, fo- small business. Testimony was heard from Allan I. cusing on research and the future of U.S. agriculture, 10 Mendlowitz, Managing Director, International a.m., SR–332. Trade, Finance, and Competitiveness Issues, GAO; Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Interior, and public witnesses. to hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for the United States Fish and Wildlife Serv- COMMITTEE BUSINESS ice, Department of the Interior, 10:15 a.m., SD–192. Committee on Standards of Official Conduct: Met in ex- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, to ecutive session to consider pending business. hold hearings to examine the impact of the peso devalu- ation and the Administration’s aid package on the bank- SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY INSURANCE ing system and economy of Mexico, 10 a.m., SD–538. PROGRAM Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Sub- Committee on Ways and Means: Subcommittee on committee on Aviation, to hold hearings to examine Trade held a hearing on the Social Security Disabil- international aviation policy, 9:30 a.m., SR–253. Committee on Finance, business meeting, to mark up ity Insurance Program. Testimony was heard from H.R. 4, to restore the American family, reduce illegit- Shirley Sears Chater, Commissioner, SSA; Jane Ross, imacy, control welfare spending and reduce welfare de- Director, Income Security Issues, Health, Education, pendence, 9:30 a.m., SD–215. and Human Services Division, GAO; and public wit- Committee on Foreign Relations, business meeting, to con- nesses. tinue to mark up proposed legislation authorizing funds Hearings continue tomorrow. for foreign assistance programs, 10:30 a.m., SD–419. May 23, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 653

Committee on Governmental Affairs, Subcommittee on cation, Employment and Rehabilitation Systems, 9:30 Oversight of Government Management and The District a.m., 2175 Rayburn. of Columbia, to hold oversight hearings on aviation safe- Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, Sub- ty, 9:30 a.m., SD–342. committee on Civil Service, hearing on Ramspeck: Re- Committee on the Judiciary, to hold hearings on the Ad- form, Repeal, or Retention, 10 a.m., 311 Cannon. ministration’s counter-terrorism intelligence gathering Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on the Con- proposals, focusing on whether there is a need for in- stitution, hearing on H.J. Res. 79, proposing an amend- creased wiretap and infiltration authority for Federal law ment to the Constitution of the United States authorizing enforcement, 2 p.m., SD–226. the Congress and the States to prohibit the physical dese- Select Committee on Intelligence, to hold closed hear- cration of the flag of the United States, 10 a.m., 2141 ings on intelligence matters, 2 p.m., SH–219. Rayburn. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims, hearing on House immigration issues, 1:30 p.m., 2226 Rayburn. Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Resource Committee on National Security, to mark up the following Conservation, Research, and Forestry, hearing on Con- bills: H.R. 1141, Sikes Act Improvement Amendments of servation issues in the 1995 Farm Bill, 9 a.m., 1300 1995; H.R. 1347, Maritime Administration Authoriza- Longworth. tion Act for fiscal year 1996; H.R. 1350, Maritime Secu- Subcommittee on Risk Management and Specialty rity Act of 1995; and H.R. 1530, National Defense Au- Crops, hearing on 1995 Farm Bill—Sugar Title, 10 a.m., thorization for fiscal year 1996, 10 a.m., 2118 Rayburn. 1302 Longworth. Committee on Resources, to continue mark up of H.R. Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Com- 1332, Rongelap Recovery and Community Self-Reliance merce, Justice, State, and Judiciary, on Members of Con- Act; and to consider the following bills: H.R. 1091, to gress, 10 a.m., and on Legal Services Corporation, 2 p.m., improve the National Park System in the Commonwealth H–309 Capitol. of Virginia; S. 523, to amend the Colorado River Basin Subcommittee on VA, HUD and Independent Agen- Salinity Control Act to authorize additional measures to cies, on EPA, 10 a.m., and 1:30 p.m., 2360 Rayburn. carry out the control of salinity upstream of Imperial Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommit- Dam in a cost-effective manner; and H.R. 1070, to des- tee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit, to ignate the reservoir created by Trinity Dam in Central continue hearings on the broad issue of regulatory burden Valley project, CA as ‘‘Trinity Lake,’’ 11 a.m., 1324 relief as well as those matters addressed in H.R. 1362, Longworth. Financial Institutions Regulatory Relief Act of 1995, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, executive, to 9:30 a.m., 2128 Rayburn. consider pending business, 4 p.m., HT–2M Capitol. Committee on Commerce, to mark up the following bills: Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Health, H.R. 558, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal to continue hearings to explore increasing and improving Compact Consent Act; H.R. 1323, Pipeline Safety Act of options for Medicare Beneficiaries, 10 a.m., 1100 Long- 1995; and H.R. 1555, Communications Act of 1995, 10 worth. a.m., 2123 Rayburn. Subcommittee on Social Security, to continue hearings Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, to on Social Security Disability Insurance Program, 10 a.m., mark up H.R. 1617, Consolidated and Reformed Edu- B–318 Rayburn. D 654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 23, 1995

Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 8 a.m., Wednesday, May 24 10 a.m., Wednesday, May 24

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Wednesday: Senate will complete consider- Program for Wednesday: Continue consideration of ation of S. Con. Res. 13, Congressional Budget. H.R. 1561, American Overseas Act of 1995. Senate also expects to consider S. 735, Comprehensive Terrorism Prevention Act and the conference report on H.R. 1158, Supplemental Rescissions.

Extensions of Remarks, as inserted in this issue

HOUSE Gilman, Benjamin A., N.Y., E1098 Packard, Ron, Calif., E1098 Houghton, Amo, N.Y., E1098 Solomon, Gerald B.H., N.Y., E1099 Baker, Bill, Calif., E1099 Johnson, Nancy L., Conn., E1097, E1100 Tate, Randy, Wash., E1100 Bereuter, Doug, Nebr., E1099 Kleczka, Gerald D., Wis., E1099 Underwood, Robert A., Guam, E1098 Coyne, William J., Pa., E1097 Laughlin, Greg, Tex., E1100 Emerson, Bill, Mo., E1100 Lewis, Jerry, Calif., E1097, E1100

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