Fourth Country Report to CBD, Denmark, November 2009
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Fourth Country Report to CBD, Denmark, December 2009 CONTENTS Executive summary ______________________________________________________ 4 Chapter I: Overview of Biodiversity Status, Trends and Threats _________________ 7 Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 7 The agricultural landscape _____________________________________________________________ 8 Key issues _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Factors affecting status _______________________________________________________________________ 8 Current status _______________________________________________________________________________ 8 Open habitats _______________________________________________________________________ 12 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 12 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 12 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Forests _____________________________________________________________________________ 15 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 15 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 15 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Lakes and watercourses _______________________________________________________________ 18 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 18 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 18 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Life on the seabed ____________________________________________________________________ 20 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 20 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 20 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 20 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 20 Threatened species ___________________________________________________________________ 22 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 22 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 22 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 22 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 22 Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen _____________________________________________________ 25 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 25 Factors affecting status ______________________________________________________________________ 25 Current status ______________________________________________________________________________ 25 Objectives ________________________________________________________________________________ 25 Case study: Invasive species ___________________________________________________________ 29 Key issues ________________________________________________________________________________ 29 What are invasive species? ___________________________________________________________________ 29 From giant hogweed to mink and the lobed comb Jelly______________________________________________ 29 Recording of invasive species _________________________________________________________________ 29 Action plan to halt the progress of invasive species ________________________________________________ 29 Chapter 2: Current status of national biodiversity strategies and action plans ____ 32 Overview of national biodiversity strategies and action plans ________________________________ 32 Action Plan for Biodiversity and Nature Conservation in Denmark 2004-2009 ___________________________ 32 Agreement on Green Growth (2009) ____________________________________________________________ 33 National Forest Programme ___________________________________________________________________ 35 Action plan for Close-to-Nature Forestry in Danish State Forests (2005)________________________________ 36 National Strategy on Native Forests 1992-2040 ___________________________________________________ 36 International targets incorporated into NBSAPs __________________________________________ 36 Area based management and regulation _________________________________________________ 37 Habitats and ecosystem protection in general _____________________________________________________ 37 Areas protected under the Nature Conservation Act ________________________________________________ 38 Areas protected under the Hunting and Wildlife Management Act_____________________________________ 38 Natura 2000 management plans (2009-2015) _____________________________________________________ 39 Ramsar site designations _____________________________________________________________________ 39 River Basin Management Plans ________________________________________________________________ 39 National park designations (2007) ______________________________________________________________ 39 Nature restoration projects____________________________________________________________________ 40 Species management__________________________________________________________________ 41 General species protection ____________________________________________________________________ 41 Management of species under the EU habitats directive _____________________________________________ 41 Single species management plans ______________________________________________________________ 42 Alien Invasive species management ____________________________________________________________ 42 Reintroductions ____________________________________________________________________________ 43 Genetic resources management_________________________________________________________ 44 Natura 2000 plans __________________________________________________________________________ 44 Genetic diversity of forest trees ________________________________________________________________ 44 FAO and Genetic resources (2001) _____________________________________________________________ 44 National strategy on gene resources in farm animals and plants (2003) _________________________________ 44 Chapter 3: Sectoral and cross-sectoral integration or mainstreaming of biodiversity considerations _________________________________________________________ 45 Legal and institutional framework ______________________________________________________ 45 Spatial Planning ____________________________________________________________________________ 46 Municipal cooperation _______________________________________________________________________ 46 Agriculture, forestry, fishery and aquaculture policies ______________________________________________ 46 Extraction of raw materials ___________________________________________________________________ 49 Infrastructural development ___________________________________________________________________ 49 Financing and expenditure____________________________________________________________________ 51 Fiscal policy_______________________________________________________________________________ 52 Education _________________________________________________________________________________ 53 International co-operation ____________________________________________________________________ 53 Chapter IV - Conclusions: Progress Towards the 2010 Target and Implementation of the Strategic Plan _______________________________________________________ 62 Appendix 1: Information concerning reporting party and preparation of national report _________________________________________________________________ 63 REPORTING PARTY Contracting Party Denmark N a t i o n a l F o c a l P o i n t Full name of the institution Ministry of Environment Name and title of contact officer Martin Schneekloth The Agency for Spatial and Environmental Planning, Mailing address Nature Division, Haraldsgade53, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark Telephone +45-72544857 Fax +45 39279899 E-mail [email protected] S u b m i s s i o n The Agency for Spatial and Environmental Planning, Signature of officer responsible Nature Division, Haraldsgade53, DK 2100, for submitting national report Copenhagen, Denmark Mr. Martin Schneekloth Date of submission 9. december 2009 Executive summary The status of biodiversity in Denmark reflects the country’s high population density and a long history of intensive commercial exploitation of raw materials, soils, timber, water and stocks of wild species. The vast majority of the country is covered by highly modified urban, silvicultural and arable areas, where construction, cultivation and plantations limit biological diversity. However, there are some natural areas left with high biological diversity. The long protected coastal line, the extensive sea territory and more recent regulations to protect birds and mammals from unsustainable hunting has helped to