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Integrating CPU and GPU, the ARM Methodology

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Integrating CPU and GPU, the ARM Methodology Integrating CPU and GPU, The ARM Methodology Edvard Sørgård, Senior Principal Graphics Architect, ARM Ian Rickards, Senior Product Manager, ARM The ARM Business Model . Global leader in the development of semiconductor IP . R&D outsourcing for semiconductor companies . Innovative business model yields high margins . Upfront license fee – flexible licensing models . Ongoing royalties – typically based on a percentage of chip price Approximately 850 licenses . Technology reused across multiple applications Grows by 60-90 every year . Long-term, secular growth markets More than 250 potential royalty payers >8bn ARM-based chips in ’11 >25% CAGR over last 5 years ARM Technology . Advanced consumer products are incorporating more and more ARM technology – from processor and multimedia IP to software Processor IP – Design of the brain of the chip Physical IP – Design of the building blocks of the chip Software development tools ARM® Mali™ GPU Momentum #1 graphics in #1 in Smart TVs >20% Android™4 Android™ tablets (>70% market share) smartphones (>50% market share) Mali GPU shipments outpacing industry growth rate & gaining market share Comprehensive GPU Compute Support . ARM’s best-in-class CPU know-how combined with expertise in graphics technology enabling complex use-cases . Computational photography: Panorama stitching . Image recognition: Face, smile, landmark, context . Image improvement, stabilization, editing, filtering . By moving GPU Compute tasks onto the GPU will enable lower power consumption and faster response over being solely run on the CPU Mali GPU Compute: No FUD... Facts . Passed Khronos Conformance . OpenCL™ 1.1 Full Profile on Linux and Android™ . Proven in Silicon . Samsung Exynos 5 Dual, implements Full Profile . OpenCL and Renderscript DDK available now . Mali-T604 shipping in real products . Google Chromebook . Google Nexus 10 . InSignal Arndale Community Board . API exposed for developers . OpenCL on Linux for Arndale platform . Renderscript computation on Android for Nexus 10 Compute Use Case Example . ARM Seemore demo . OpenCL 1.1 FP accelerated world . Interactive items and lights . Bullet physics broad-phase fully OpenCL accelerated on GPU . Performance boost . GPU Kernel speedup >10x . But system speedup is less . ARM integration goal . Take the system cost out! Integration: Coherency . SoCs are heterogenous systems Cortex Mali . But sharing data can still be costly CoreLink AMBA . Cache flushes, locks, syncs reduces the heterogeneous benefit . HW coherency makes sharing data cheap and automatic . ARM is in leading position with full technology coverage . Cortex™ CPUs . Mali GPUs . CoreLink™ system IP . AMBA™ bus protocols Integration: Address Space Alignment . The 32-bit address space is running out, even in mobile . Midgard architecture built for full 64-bit addresses . Embedded distributed Mali MMU for VA to PA/IPA translation . Mali-T604: 48-bit VA and 40-bit PA/IPA . Uses ARMv7 LPAE page table format, just like Cortex-A15 & Cortex-A7 . Multiple simultaneous address spaces supported . Mali GPUs run many threads in parallel . Independent processes may execute on GPU simultaneously . Seamless process transitions ensures maximum utilization/efficiency Fine-Tuned to Different Performance Points Most energy-efficient applications processor from ARM . Simple, in-order, 8 stage pipelines . Performance better than mainstream, high-volume Cortex-A7 LITTLE smartphones (Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A9) Cortex-A53 Highest performance in mobile power envelope Q I I u s n e s t e u u g e e e . Complex, out-of-order, r big multi-issue pipelines Cortex-A15 . Up to 2x the performance of today’s high-end smartphones Cortex-A57 ARM System Scalability Introducing CCI-400 Cache Coherent Interconnect . Processor to Processor Coherency and I/O coherency . Memory and synchronization barriers . Virtualization support with distributed virtual memory signaling Quad Cortex-A15 MPCore Mali-T624 Quad Cortex-A7 MPCore A15 A15 A15 A15 GPU GPU GPU GPU A7 A7 A7 A7 Core Core Core Core Processor Coherency (SCU) Processor Coherency (SCU) Up to 4MB L2 cache Up to 4MB L2 cache Mali L2 Cache 128-bit AMBA 4 128-bit AMBA 4 MMU-400 CoreLink CCI-400 Cache Coherent Interconnect Low to Medium Intensity Use Cases 90MHz aggregate 250MHz aggregate100% 90% 500MHz 80% 1200000 aggregate 1000000 70% 800000 60% 500000 50% 200000 40% STANDBYWFI 30% CPU OFF 20% Cluster OFF CPU0 CPU1 CPU0 CPU1 CPU0 CPU1 CPU0 CPU1 CPU0 CPU1 10% 0% 180MHz aggregate Audio (MP3) Angry Birds Camcorder 720p Video GT Racer . DVFS profiles from leading Dual Cortex-A9 Smartphone . Demonstrates that many common applications require only low to moderate processing power . All of these use cases will run predominantly on the LITTLE cores . The small % peaks to high MHz don’t necessarily require migration to big cores . The short term DVFS system response to any increase in average load is to go to the highest MHz big and LITTLE CPU Performance . Cortex-A9 powers high end mobile devices today . Cortex-A7 delivers comparable performance . …at lower power and area . Cortex-A15 delivers significantly higher performance 3 Cortex-A9 1.2GHz 2.5 2 Cortex-A7 1GHz actual 1.5 Cortex-A7 1.2GHz est. 1 Cortex-A15 1.2GHz 0.5 Cortex-A15 1.6GHz est. 0 Quadrant - CPU Caffeinemark 3.0 BrowserMark V8 Benchmark Kraken Geomean Note: Cortex-A15 and Cortex-A7 results are from a test platform, with lower memory performance than production systems will deliver Summary . Getting the maximum efficiency out of modern SoCs is highly complex . Interactions between many sub-system to optimize . Requires new innovations and technology focus . ARM Cortex-A15 / coherent Mali / big.LITTLE enable highest performance and scalability from mobile through to console class gaming. ARM continues to drive the development for better system integrations . Cortex™ CPUs, Mali™ GPUs and CoreLink™ fabric leading the way . Future v8 AArch64 with multi-cluster for next-generation gaming Thank you .
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