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Additional Reed Stem Smoking Pipes from Summit County, Ohio James L

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Additional Reed Stem Smoking Pipes from Summit County, Ohio James L ADDITIONAL REED STEM SMOKING PIPES FROM SUMMIT COUNTY, OHIO JAMES L. MURPHY ABSTRACT A variety of nineteenth century reed stem clay tobacco pipe styles are illus­ trated from Akron and Mogadore, Summit County, Ohio. Several styles are attributed to the Akron firm of Baker and McMillen and can be dated between 1875 and 1893. One Akron Smoking Pipe Co. style can be dated precisely to 1896. INTRODUCTION Although no fewer than ten separate companies produced clay reed stem tobacco pipes in the Akron-Mogadore area of Summit County, Ohio, during the latter half of the 19th century, products of only two of these factories have been identified previously. Murphy and Reich (1974) described a sample retrieved from a waster pile and dump in the town of Mogadore, pipes believed to have been manufactured by the Akron Smoking Pipe Co. of Mogadore or its predecessor, Curtis Fenton &Co. Murphy (1978) has also illustrated an unglazed stoneware pipe attributable to the H. A. Ayres Co. of Akron, an establishment known to be operating in 1876. The pres­ ent paper describes additional material found in the collections of the Summit County Historical Society and in two private collections. SUMMIT COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND ABRAHAM COLLECTION Accession records of the Summit County Historical Society list five smoking pipes .from tihe Baker-McMillen Co. "where Cascade Parking Dock is being built", donated to the Society by Mrs. Harley Hogue of New Milford, Ohio, September 30, 1965. Unfortunately, only two of these pipes still have provenience data with them. One of them (Figure 1a) is of unglazed mottled light to gray-brown earthenware, a Chesterfield form pipe with rnaxtmum length of 56.8, height of 44.3, maximum diam­ eter of 30.4. stem diameter of 23.0, and bore diameter of 12.1 mm. The other is a tan glazed stoneware ribbed pipe (Figure 1b) similar in style to Murphy and Reich's (1974) Mogadore Ribbed Chesterfield, var. A. This pipe is 47.1 long, with height of 37.9, bowl diameter approximatelY 25, stem diameter of 17.1, and bore diameter of 7.1 mm. On the basis of similarity of glaze and execution, a third pipe (Figure 1c) in the Summit County Historical Society's collection is also referred to Baker­ McMillen • Although it is unlabelled, it is almost certainly a Baker-McMillen pro­ duct. This Baker-McMillen Dia~nallY Ribbed Elbow pipe is 40.9 long, 39.0 high, with bowl diameter of 26.1, s m <tlameter of 15.8, and bore diameter of 5.9 mm. Among the other pipes without provenience data are two earthenware specimens that may possibly be part of the Hogue collection from the Baker-McMillen factory site. This is especially likely in the case of the mottled brown and gray earthen­ ware pipe illustrated in Figure 1d, for it closely corresponds in color and paste with that of the one undoubted Baker-McMillen earthenware pipe (Figure 1a), altho­ ugh it is covered with a clear yellow glaze. Measurements are length 69.0, height 16 Reed stem Smoking Pipes (Murphy) FIGURE 1: a, Baker-McMillen Bent Apple. b, Baker-McMillen Ribbed Chesterfield. c, Baker-McMillen Diagonally Ribbed Elbow. d, unlabelled earthenware pipe, possibly made by Baker-McMillen. e, earthenware ring­ ed elbow pipe, possibly a Baker-McMillen product. f, g, two Mogadore Hexagonal Stemmed Milled Chesterfield, variant "Redletter" pipes. h. Mogadore Ribbed Chesterfield, variant B. i, Mogadore Ribbed Elbow, var­ iant A. All specimens from the Summit County Historical Society colI. ~8 .6, bowl diameter 25.7, stem diameter 9.7, and bore diameter 3.3 nun. The tan earthenware ringed elbow pipe illustrated in Figure 1e is less certainly attri­ buted to the Baker-McMillen company. It is 43.2 long, 44.0 high, with a bowl dia­ meter of 26.0, stem diameter 13.8, and bore diameter 4.8 nun. The ring is 5.4 nun below the bowl lip. John W. Baker (1827-1907) removed from Auburn, New York around 1842, first earning his livelihood as a cabinet-maker. Following a trip to California in 1850, he went to New York and learned to make musical instruments, then returned to Akron to join the Akron Melopean Company. He is listed as a "melopean maker" in the 1860 census, as a. cabinet-maker in the 1870 census, and simply as "manufactu­ rer"in 1880. According to his obituary (Akron BeacOn Journal, June 24, 1907), Baker began manufacturing cigar boxes in the 1860's, joining with John C. McMillen (1827-1912) in 1871 to form the Baker-McMillen Co. McMillen, born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, came to Akron in 1851 and worked for Baker (Akron Beacon Journal, March 25, 1912). He is~listed as "Intrmt Maker" in the 1870 census and as "Prop. Cigar Box Fctry" in 1880. Clearly, pipe-making was an adjunct to cigar box manu­ facturing and other woodworking. The Baker-McMillen Co. is known to have produced pipes from at least 1877 to 1892. Sudbury (1977, fig. 2) has produced pertinent advertisements for the firm from Akron city directories. The Baker-McMillen establishment definitely was manu­ facturing wood smoking pipes as early as 1875, but it is uncertain precisely when the production of clay pipes began, though it is known to have been prior to 1877. For a few years, from 1879 to 1882, the firm was known as Baker, Merriam, & Co. The 1880 Census of Manufacturers lists Baker, Merriam, and Co. as making "Enameled wood & clay smoking pipes", employing as many as 60 hands who made $1.00 to $2.00 per ten hour day. Unfortunately, production figures are not included in the 1880 schedule, but it must have been considerable. The Barber Match Co., listed in the 1870 manufacturers schedule, produced 2.6 million smoking pipes, employing only 1 9 laborers (including 15 children) and 6 hand machines. The Barber Match Co., which became part of the Diamond Match Co. in 1881, continued pipe-making until at least 1890. In 1890 (Akron Beacon Journal, July 15, 1890) the Diamond Match Co., Baker-McMillen Co., the Merrill Pottery of Akron, and the Miller &Ford plant in Pamplin, Virginia, combined to form the Akron Smoking Pipe Company. By 1893 this was the only manufacturer of smoking pipes listed in the Akron city directories. The March 25, 1892, issue of the Akron Beacon Journal reports a disastrous fire which destroyed the Baker-McMillen plant, and the production of tobacco pipes probably ceased at this time, although the company rebuilt following the 1892 fire and continues today. 17 a - b c d e f - . - • 9 ­ - FIGURE I : REED STEM OHIO PIPES. (BAR SCALE EQUALS 1 CENTIMETER) 1B Reed stem Smoking Pipes (Murphy) Among six pipes donated to the Summit County Historical Society by Ralph Bond, Jr., of Akron, are several undoubted Mogadore products, very probably assign­ able to the Akron Smoking Pipe Co. of Mogadore. Two of these are Mogadore Hexagon­ al Stemmed Milled Chesterfield, variant "Redletterrr pipes, a variety clearly attri­ butable to Mogadore on the basis of its similarity to the Mogadore Hexagonal Stem­ med Milled Chesterfield, variant Finzer type previously described by Murphy and Reich (1974) from the Mogadore dump. One of these "Redletterll pipes appears to bear an flw r mold mark in the bottom of the bowl, the other lacks a mold mark. A third IlRedletterll pipe donated by Eugene Betz of Salinas, California, has a IfKfI mold mark. Although solid provenience data on these three pipes is lacking, Sudbury (1979: Plate 19, fig. 6) illustrates a IlRedletterll pipe found at 33 SU-37 and accepts it as an Akron Smoking Pipe Co. product. Measurements of the rrRedletter rr pipes at the Summit County Historical Society are length 44.2-43.7, height 36.7­ 41.2, bowl diameter 24.6-26.7, stem diameter 14.6-18.2, and bore diameter 5.2-7.3 mm. A Mogadore Ribbed Chesterfield, variant B., bearing an IlX" mold mark (Figure 1h), a Mogadore Helping Hand pipe, and a complete specimen of a previously untyped ribbed elbow pipe (Figure 11) found at the Mogadore dump (Murphy and Reich, 1974: Fig. 19) are also in the Bond collection. Measurements of the Ribbed Chesterfield, variant B. and the Ribbed Elbow, variant A., are length 40.9 and 44.8, height 39.0 and 35.8, bowl diameter 26.1 and 24.5, stem diameter 15.8 and 15.4, and bore dia­ meter 5.9 and 7.1 mm, respectively. FIGURE 2: a: glazed elbow pipe, no provenience. b, glazed, flat-bott­ omed elbow pipe, no provenience. c, d, boot-shaped pipes, the latter from the Mogadore dump, 33-SU-35. e, bird claw pipe, Mogadore dump. f, g, anthro­ pomorphic pipe, Mogadore dump. h, Mogadore Diagonally Ribbed Elbow, variant B, Mogadore dump. j, Mogadore Chesterfield Leaf. Specimens a-c, Sunnnit County Historical Society; d-g, E. Abraham collection; h-j, authors coIl. Three pipes in the Summit County Historical Society are characterized by a heavy dark brown glaze or slip. The first of these (Figure 2a) is very similar in form to unglazed pipes manufactured by the H. A. Ayres Co. of Akron. Length is 61.7 height 43.0, bowl width 28.0, stem diameter 10.8, and bore diameter 4.1 mm. Attri­ bution of the flat-bottomed elbow pipe (Figure 2b) and the boot-shaped pipe (Figure 2c) are even more tenuous, but they undoubtedly are local products. Sudbury (1979: Pl. 15, figs. 7, 8) illustrates a fragmentary specimen of the flat-bottomed pipe from the Mogadore waster dump originally studied by Murphy and Reich.
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