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Liste Des Plantes Marines Protégées Noms Vernaculaires Et Noms Latins

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Liste Des Plantes Marines Protégées Noms Vernaculaires Et Noms Latins Liste des plantes marines protégées Noms vernaculaires et noms latins 244 Cymodocée/paille de mer ( Cymodocea nodosa Ascherson ) 246 Posidonie/chiendent marin ( Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delille) 248 Zostère marine ( Zostera marina ) 250 Zostère naine ( Zostera noltei ) 252 Diotis cotonneuses/Othanthe maritime ( Achillea maritima (L.)) 254 Tolypelle saline ( Tolypella salina Corillion ) 256 Lamprothamnium papuleux (Lamprothamnium papulosum ) 258 Fucus de Chalon ( Fucus chalonii ) 260 Fucus dichotome ( Fucus dichotomus ) Avertissement L’arrêté du 8 mars 2002 relatif à la liste des espèces végétales protégées en région Aquitaine complétant la liste nationale comprend trois espèces de Fucus , or l’une d’entre elle, Fucus arcassonensis , n’est pas considérée comme une espèce en tant que telle par la communauté scientifique. Par ailleurs, du fait du manque d’informations scientifiques disponibles, le choix a été fait de ne pas inclure les entéromorphes. Même les entéromorphes ayant fait l’objet d’un plus grand nombre d’observations et d’études restent très difficiles à différencier les uns par rapport aux autres sur le terrain. Cette différenciation nécessite dans la majorité des cas l’utilisation de microscopes, voire n’est possible que via des analyses génétiques. 240 Les espèces marines protégées en France - Identification et régime juridique - Février 2020 7 Les plantes 242 Clé d'identification des espèces végétales protégées 244 Cymodocée 246 Posidonie 248 Zostère marine 250 Zostère naine 252 Diotis cotonneuse 254 Tolypelle saline 256 Lamprothamnium papuleux 258 Fucus de Chalon 260 Fucus dichotome Les espèces marines protégées en France - Identification et régime juridique - Février 2020 241 Clé de détermination des espèces végétales protégées 242 Les espèces marines protégées en France - Identification et régime juridique - Février 2020 Clé de détermination de la classe des espèces végètales protégées FAMILLE ESPEÈ CES t t Cymodocées Cymodocée (Cymodocea nodosa ) Feuilles : 3-4 mm de large et 10-40 cm de long s é Feuilles au bout dentelé fi ) i Rhizome mince et annelé s e m a m r a Posidonie (Posidonia oceanica ) t n Posidoniacées t g o o Feuilles : 6-10 mm de large et 20-100 cm de long r n Feuilles engaînantes en faisceaux é s t n Présence de rhizomes verticaux a n e h p m ( a l i Zostère marine (Zostera marina ) t F Zosteracées t Larges feuilles : 3-12 mm et 20-120 cm de long Feuilles au bout arrondi Inflorescences en capitules Rhizome robuste (Zostera noltei ) t Zostère naine Feuilles : <2 mm de large et 10-25 cm de long Feuilles au bout échancré Rhizome mince ) s e e l é u t fi i i p a c m Astéracée Diotis cotonneuse (Achilea maritima) t t e a d r e Inflorescences en capitule Manteau cotonneux blanchâtre e b n r m Corymbe de capitules o u i y r t e Fleurs tubulées jaunes o i a c r c t n é e fi i p e c u m n s e a c s e R i e r t o r fl a n i P ( Characées Tolypelle saline (Tolypella salina) n t t o e i Présence d'un filament proembryonnaire (≤ 20 cm) é t Axes portant des verticilles l l a Verticilles de forme arrondie et compacte i c c i fi t i r e m v a Lamprothamnium t R papuleux (Lamprothamnium papulosum) Verticilles rapprochés au sommet (aspect de "queue de renard") Fucus de Chalon (Fucus chalonii) t s e n Tou es molles et tombantes ou très rabougries u o i Fucacées ff t q Frondes de 0,5 à 1,5 mm de large t i a m c Présence de frondes o fi i t Présences de réceptacles Fucus dichotome (Fucus dichotomus) t o m h a Tou es volumineuses c i R Fronffdes de 5-7 mm de large d 243 s e é c o ) d B F . o ) A ( e m l é i y b u c i q ymodocée s l C i e u v o d F e s u (Cymodocea nodosa ) r e i m e i h o t b a z i r M e h Autres noms : Paille de mer, Slender seagrass (EN) r Classification ( H © E Super-classe Angiospermes ( Magnoliophyta ) s p Classe Monocotylédones ( Liliopsida ) èc e e Ordre Alismatales ( Alismatales ) ma gé rine proté Famille Cymodoceacées (Cymodoceaceae ) Statut Liste Rouge UICN – mondial : préoccupation mineure I ) dentification a i d n 1 e m Aspect général : en herbiers i k i n w ( Teinte : vert clair ; fleurs mâles rouges et femelles vertes ; rhizome jaune à e t n e rougeâtre r e g n i Feuilles : en forme de ruban étroit ; 3-4 mm de large et de 10 à 40 cm de long, T avec des extrémités légèrement dentelées ; 7 à 9 nervures longitudinales parallèles ; base sans écaille n Inflorescence : épi simple ; fleurs non apparentes ; fleurs femelles situées à la base des feuilles et protégées n Fruit : akène (ne s’ouvre pas, sec et ovale ; contient une seule graine) t n n e g Rhizome : mince (2 à 5 mm) et annelé 2 r e P . G Cycle de vie © n Longévité : jusqu’à 3 ans (plante vivace) n Alimentation par photosynthèse (feuilles) et par absorption des racines (eau et sels minéraux) n Reproduction : asexuée (horizontalement par les rhizomes) et sexuée (dioïque ; dispersion du pollen et des graines par l’eau) ; floraison entre avril et octobre mais non annuelle pour tous les faisceaux 1 - Rhizome de cymodocées. Comportement 2 - Herbiers de cymodocées. Plante à fleurs sous-marine formant des herbiers. Fortes variations de taille saisonnales et pluriannuelles (perte des feuilles possible en hiver). Extrémité légèrement dentelée Feuilles en ruban étroit © Bluelife (AFB) Rhizome mince et annelé Rhizoïdes ) a i d e m i k i w ( H d abitat u a r i G Vie sur le fond marin sableux et en milieu abrités entre 0 et 10 m (peut d r a r dépasser -40 m au-delà de la limite inférieure des herbiers de posidonies). e G Répartition géographique Présence dans les eaux de la Méditerranéenne et de l’océan Atlantique (du centre du Portugal au Sénégal). En France, on peut la trouver sur la façade 244 méditerranéenne de métropole. Aire de répartition. n Fiche d’information sur les espèces marines protégées - Cymodocée Réglementation S E n Interdictions T N n A Sont interdites sur tout le territoire national et dans ses eaux marines, en tout temps, les actions suivantes : L - destruction, colportage, mise en vente, vente ou achat de tout ou partie des spécimens sauvages. P L’interdiction de destruction ne s’applique pas aux opérations d’exploitation courante des établissements de cultures marines sur les parcelles habituellement cultivées. Dérogation : - sur autorisation exceptionnelle de l'autorité administrative compétente (préfet). n Sanctions applicables n Infraction : délit (art. L. 415-3 1° C.Env) puni de trois ans d’emprisonnement et 150 000 € d’amende. n Amende doublée lorsque l’infraction est commise dans les réserves naturelles et les cœurs de parcs nationaux (art. L. 415-3 5° C.Env). n Aggravation des sanctions si commise en bande organisée (art. L. 415-6 C.Env). n Textes de références Niveau national : n art. L. 411-1 et s. & R. 411-1 et s. du C.Env (protection des espèces) ; n art. L. 411-2 (4°) et R. 411-6 à R. 411-14 du C.Env (dérogations) ; n arrêté du 19 juillet 1988 relatif à la liste des espèces végétales marines protégées - art. 1. Niveau international : n protocole relatif aux aires spécialement protégées et à la diversité biologique en Méditerranée, fait à Barcelone le 10 juin 1995 (issu de la convention de Barcelone du 16 février 1976) - annexe II ; n convention relative à la conservation de la vie sauvage et du milieu naturel de l’Europe, faite à Berne le 19 septembre 1979 - annexe I. Références - INPN. Accessed October 4, 2018 at https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/93774 - Feugas (M.-P.), Lamare (V.) & Pergent (G), " Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch." in : DORIS, 06/03/2017. Accessed October 15, 2018, at http://doris.ffessm.fr/ref/specie/762 - Short (F.T.) & al. 2010. Cymodocea nodosa . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T153535A4516419. Accessed October 15, 2018 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/153535/0 - Tela Botanica, licence CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed October 15, 2018 at https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-20515 Crédits photographiques photothèque de l'Agence française pour la biodiversité https://commons.wikimedia.org/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Rédaction Lena Baraud (AFB) Édition 2020 245 . ) s e l b i s i s v e s e m l l o i z u i e h f r ( s s e e d i n x ) o u B d a F i Posidonie e A s ( c o t s r i p e a (Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile ) b l f i e u t d G e s n r i s n e Autres noms : Pelote de mer, é i Classification o s t b s n r Chiendent marin, Neptune grass (EN) e A e r © H d E Super-classe Angiospermes ( Magnoliophyta ) s p Classe Monocotylédones ( Liliopsida ) èc e e Ordre Alismatales ( Alismatales ) ma gé rine proté Famille Posidoniacées (Posidoniaceae ) Statut Liste Rouge UICN – mondial : préoccupation mineure I ) dentification B F A ( n 1 t Teinte : vert foncé avec des fibres roussâtres ; fleurs verdâtres ; rhizomes bruns ; r e b l i fruits vert foncé u G n forme de ruban n Feuilles : en au bout arrondi ; engainantes (entoure la tige) ; i n o t 6-10 mm de large et 20 à 100 cm de long ; 10-13 nervures ; groupées par 4-8 en n A faisceaux sur les rhizomes © n Inflorescence : cyme bipare ; groupées par 2 à 10 sur un pédoncule radical aplati et long (15-25 cm) n Fruit : charnu ; ressemblant à une olive lisse (contenant une graine) n Rhizome : ligneux et rampant (horizontal) ; 1-2 cm d’épaisseur ; s’y développe des ) B rhizomes dressés F A ( (verticaux) et des racines 2 t r e b l i C u G ycle de vie n i n n o Longévité : feuilles entre 5 et 13 mois, racines jusqu’à 30 ans (plante vivace) t n n Croissance : de 1cm/an (rhizomes verticaux) à 3-6 cm/an (rhizomes horizontaux) A n Alimentation par photosynthèse (feuilles) et par absorption des nutriments et sels minéraux (racines et directement par la colonne d’eau) n Reproduction : majoritairement asexuée (multiplication végétative) et plus rarement sexuée (hermaphrodisme ou polygamie) ; absence de périodicité annuelle de la floraison qui débutera vers octobre, maturité des fruits entre 4 et 9 mois, détache- 1 - Herbiers de posidonies.
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