Bitburg and Beyond
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List of Participants
JUNE 26–30, Prague • Andrzej Kremer, Delegation of Poland, Poland List of Participants • Andrzej Relidzynski, Delegation of Poland, Poland • Angeles Gutiérrez, Delegation of Spain, Spain • Aba Dunner, Conference of European Rabbis, • Angelika Enderlein, Bundesamt für zentrale United Kingdom Dienste und offene Vermögensfragen, Germany • Abraham Biderman, Delegation of USA, USA • Anghel Daniel, Delegation of Romania, Romania • Adam Brown, Kaldi Foundation, USA • Ann Lewis, Delegation of USA, USA • Adrianus Van den Berg, Delegation of • Anna Janištinová, Czech Republic the Netherlands, The Netherlands • Anna Lehmann, Commission for Looted Art in • Agnes Peresztegi, Commission for Art Recovery, Europe, Germany Hungary • Anna Rubin, Delegation of USA, USA • Aharon Mor, Delegation of Israel, Israel • Anne Georgeon-Liskenne, Direction des • Achilleas Antoniades, Delegation of Cyprus, Cyprus Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères et • Aino Lepik von Wirén, Delegation of Estonia, européennes, France Estonia • Anne Rees, Delegation of United Kingdom, United • Alain Goldschläger, Delegation of Canada, Canada Kingdom • Alberto Senderey, American Jewish Joint • Anne Webber, Commission for Looted Art in Europe, Distribution Committee, Argentina United Kingdom • Aleksandar Heina, Delegation of Croatia, Croatia • Anne-Marie Revcolevschi, Delegation of France, • Aleksandar Necak, Federation of Jewish France Communities in Serbia, Serbia • Arda Scholte, Delegation of the Netherlands, The • Aleksandar Pejovic, Delegation of Monetenegro, Netherlands -
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum to Pay
JANUARY 2003 VOLUME 16 NUMBER 3 THE UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM TO PAY TRIBUTE TO HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS IN NOVEMBER 2003 WASHINGTON, DC--Once a dream for send a message to the American people preserved, will be open. There will be honor the living,and offer hope for the many survivors, The United States about the importance of remembrance for presentations about the photo archives, future. The ceremony will be broadcast live Holocaust Memorial Museum is now a the future. survivor programs on the Website and on the Website, where visitors can post reality that reaches millions of Americans curator-led tours of the Museum’s special messages of honor and remembrance. from all walks of life every year, with its A Unique Living Legacy exhibitions: Hidden Children and American mission of remembrance and education. “Survivors Day at the United States Responses to the Nazi Book Burnings will Remembrance and America The Museum approaches its 10th Holocaust Memorial Museum” be offered continuously. President George W. Bush and Prof. Elie Anniversary when the world still faces Wiesel will be invited to speak. There will be deadly dangers, and the lessons of the brief remarks prior to a candle-lit procession Holocaust become ever more critical. Now to the Hall of Remembrance, where there will more than before, the mission of the be a memorial candle-lighting. Museum becomes urgent. As a token of gratitude to the U.S., The Museum’s sacred obligation to survivors will present the President with A preserve and transmit the legacy of the Living Legacy, a one-of-a-kind book of survivors, and their enthusiastic support photographs of themselves and their and involvement with the survivors, has descendants, now in the fourth generation, made the Museum an extraordinary success. -
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.)
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History August 2015 © “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution.” Abstract This thesis examines French relations with Yugoslavia in the twentieth century and its response to the federal republic’s dissolution in the 1990s. In doing so it contributes to studies of post-Cold War international politics and international diplomacy during the Yugoslav Wars. It utilises a wide-range of source materials, including: archival documents, interviews, memoirs, newspaper articles and speeches. Many contemporary commentators on French policy towards Yugoslavia believed that the Mitterrand administration’s approach was anachronistic, based upon a fear of a resurgent and newly reunified Germany and an historical friendship with Serbia; this narrative has hitherto remained largely unchallenged. Whilst history did weigh heavily on Mitterrand’s perceptions of the conflicts in Yugoslavia, this thesis argues that France’s Yugoslav policy was more the logical outcome of longer-term trends in French and Mitterrandienne foreign policy. Furthermore, it reflected a determined effort by France to ensure that its long-established preferences for post-Cold War security were at the forefront of European and international politics; its strong position in all significant international multilateral institutions provided an important platform to do so. -
1 European/American Relations Over the S.D.I
1 EUROPEAN/AMERICAN RELATIONS OVER THE S.D.I. CHARLES J. BALL Submitted for the Ph.D. Degree London School of Economics University of London July 1991 UMI Number: U042872 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Disscrrlation Publishing UMI U042872 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I H F POLITICAL W o A o. tOMlC^ yâ.\\L\Z<S\-yi ABSTRACT This thesis examines the dispute that arose between the United States and key European members of NATO (Britain, West Germany and France) over the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). The debate is traced from its inception on March 23, 1983, when Reagan announced his decision to accelerate ballistic missile defence research, to the eclipse of SDI as a major source of transatlantic and international controversy when Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev signed the INF Treaty in December 1987. The transatlantic SDI debate is investigated to determine: (1) the underlying cause, or reasons, for the controversy, (2) how the Alliance managed the differences which arose, and (3) how East- West relations affected the manner in which the controversy was handled. -
The International Community's Role in the Process of German Unification
The International Community’s Role in the Process of German Unification 269 Chapter 10 The International Community’s Role in the Process of German Unification Horst Teltschik The first half of the 20th century was dominated by two world wars with more than 100 million deaths—soldiers and civilians. As a result, from 1945 on Europe was divided. Germany and its capital Berlin lost their sovereignty. Germany was run by the four victorious powers: the United States, France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. The polit- ical and military dividing line between the three Western powers and the Soviet Union ran through the middle of Germany and Berlin. The world was divided into a bipolar order between the nuclear su- perpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, with their respec- tive alliance systems NATO and Warsaw Pact. The latter was ruled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) with its ideological monopoly. In 1945, two militarily devastating world wars were followed by five decades of Cold War. The nuclear arsenals led to a military balance be- tween West and East. The policy of mutual nuclear deterrence did not prevent dangerous political crises—such as the Soviet Berlin Blockade from June 1948 until May 1949, Nikita Khrushchev’s 1958 Berlin Ul- timatum and the 1962 Cuba Crisis—which brought both sides to the brink of another world war. In Berlin, fully armed American and Soviet tanks directly faced each other at Checkpoint Charlie. In Cuba, Soviet missiles threatened to attack the United States. Cold War tensions were compounded by Moscow’s bloody military interventions to crush uprisings against its rule in 1953 in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), in 1956 in Hungary, and 1968 in Prague. -
Conservative Central Office 32 Smith Square Westminster SWIP 3HH Tel
t. r Conservative Central Office 32 Smith Square Westminster SWIP 3HH Tel. 01-222 9000 Telex 8814563 From THE CHAIRMAN OF THE PARTY John Selwyn Gummer MP November 1984 As you will recall, I led a group of twelve parliamentary colleagues to Bonn earlier this month to meet with members of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. increasing number of daTacts be'tween all levels of our parties over the last four years, greatly assisted by the London office of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, this was the first such meeting of its kind. The main objective on this occasion was to begin the process of establishing close friendly relationships between individual members, and good progress was made towards this. Some thirty CDU/CSU members participated in our discussions, which broadly covered three areas: the European contribution to strengthening the Atlantic Alliance; the European role in East/West policy; and European economic integration as a force for international competitiveness. The contributions were even more free- ranging than these headings suggest, and their value lay rather more in the informative nature of the exchange of views for individual members than in breaking any new ground. Nevertheless, it is worth underlining the emphasis generally placed by German members on the development of European defence policy, in harmony with overall NATO strategy; and, in particular, their view that the Western European Union should be given a more dynamic role. It was also noteworthy that some Germans expressed the hope that their government would take a more liberal attitude towards internal Community competition (even in the field of insurance and lorry permits!). -
Activities of the World Jewish Congress 1975 -1980
ACTIVITIES OF THE WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS 1975 -1980 REPORT TO THE SEVENTH PLENARY ASSEMBLY OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL GENEVA 5&0. 3 \N (i) Page I. INTRODUCTION . 1 II. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Israel and the Middle East 5 Action against Anti-Semitism. 15 Soviet Jewry. 21 Eastern Europe 28 International Tension and Peace..... 32 The Third World 35 Christian-Jewish Relations 37 Jewish Communities in Distress Iran 44 Syria 45 Ethiopia 46 WJC Action on the Arab Boycott 47 Terrorism 49 Prosecution of Nazi Criminals 52 Indemnification for Victims of Nazi Persecution 54 The WJC and the International Community United Nations 55 Human Rights 58 Racial Discrimination 62 International Humanitarian Law 64 Unesco 65 Other international activities of the WJC 68 Council of Europe.... 69 European Economic Community 72 Organization of American States 73 III. CULTURAL ACTIVITIES 75 IV. RESEARCH 83 (ii) Page V. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS Central Organs and Global Developments Presidency 87 Executive 87 Governing Board 89 General Council.... 89 New Membership 90 Special Relationships 90 Relations with Other Organizations 91 Central Administration 92. Regional Developments North America 94 Caribbean 97 Latin America 98 Europe 100 Israel 103 South East Asia and the Far East 106 Youth 108 WJC OFFICEHOLDERS 111 WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS CONSTITUENTS 113 WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS OFFICES 117 I. INTRODUCTION The Seventh Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress in Jerusalem, to which this Report of Activities is submitted, will take place in a climate of doubt, uncertainty, and change. At the beginning of the 80s our world is rife with deep conflicts. We are perhaps entering a most dangerous decade. -
1 Introduction
Notes 1 Introduction 1. What belongs together will now grow together (JK). 2. The well-known statement from Brandt is often wrongly attributed to the speech he gave one day after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the West Berlin City Hall, Rathaus Schöneberg. This error is understandable since it was added later to the publicized version of the speech with the consent of Brandt himself (Rother, 2001, p. 43). By that time it was already a well known phrase since it featured prominently on a SPD poster with a picture of Brandt in front of the partying masses at the Berlin Wall. The original statement was made by Brandt during a radio interview on 10 November for SFP-Mittagecho where he stated: ‘Jetzt sind wir in einer Situation, in der wieder zusammenwächst, was zusammengehört’ (‘Now we are in a situation in which again will grow together what belongs together’). 3. The Treaty of Prague with Czechoslovakia, signed 11 December 1973, finalized the Eastern Treaties. 4. By doing this, I aim to contribute to both theory formation concerning inter- national politics and foreign policy and add to the historiography of the German question and reunification policy. Not only is it important to com- pare theoretical assumptions against empirical data, by making the theoretical assumptions that guide the historical research explicit, other scholars are enabled to better judge the quality of the research. In the words of King et al. (1994, p. 8): ‘If the method and logic of a researcher’s observations and infer- ences are left implicit, the scholarly community has no way of judging the validity of what was done.’ This does not mean that the historical research itself only serves theory formation. -
I-2014 Infobrief II.Pub
Info-Brief 1/2014 Juni 2014 www.deutsche- stiftung-eigentum.de Liebe Freunde und Förderer der Deutschen Stiftung Eigentum, sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, Prof. Schmidt-Jortzig erhält den „Preis der Deutschen Stiftung Eigentum“ und es erscheinen zwei neue Bände der „Bibliothek des Eigentums“. Im ersten Halbjahr 2014 hat sich viel getan und so geht es auch weiter! Stiftungsrat Bei seiner offiziellen Verabschiedung am 13. Februar 2014 in der Mendelssohn- Vorsitzender: Remise wurde Prof. Schmidt-Jortzig für seine langjährigen Verdienste um die Stiftung Dr. Hermann Otto Solms mit dem „Preis der Deutschen Stiftung Eigentum“ geehrt. In der Laudatio hob Prof. De- Prof. Dr. Otto Depenheuer penheuer die verantwortungsvolle und erfolgreiche Führung der Stiftungsgeschäfte Max Freiherr v. Elverfeldt durch Prof. Schmidt-Jortzig hervor und betonte dessen Engagement für die Idee des Ei- Nicolai Freiherr v. Engelhardt gentums, das für den ersten Stiftungsratsvorsitzenden immer eine Herzensangelegenheit Michael Moritz gewesen ist. Mit einer Festrede zum „Wert des Eigentums“ dankte Prof. Schmidt- Dr. Horst Reinhardt Jortzig für die Auszeichnung und freute sich, die Arbeit der Stiftung weiterhin im Stif- Michael Prinz zu Salm-Salm tungsrat begleiten zu können. Prof. Dr. Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig Gerd Sonnleitner Bernd Ziesemer Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Otto Depenheuer Vorstand Vorsitzender: N.N. Karoline Beck Wolfgang v. Dallwitz Geschäftsführerin Verbunden mit dem Festakt war die Übergabe des 10. Bandes der Bibliothek des Rechtsanwältin Eigentums „Staatssanierung durch Enteignung“, den der Vizepräsident des Heidrun Gräfin Schulenburg Deutschen Bundestages, Johannes Singhammer, MdB, entgegennahm. Alle Reden und Grußworte anlässlich der Veranstaltung haben wir in der beiliegenden Broschüre festgehalten. Besonders lesenswert – erfreuen Sie sich an den gedruckten Redebeiträgen und Fotos. -
Helmut Kohl, a Giant of the Post-War Era*
DOI: 10.1515/tfd-2017-0025 THE FEDERALIST DEBATE Year XXX, N° 3, November 2017 Comments Helmut Kohl, a Giant of the Post-War Era* Jean-Claude Juncker Today we are saying goodbye to the German the same coin, as he, and Adenauer before and European Statesman, Helmut Kohl. And him, always used to say. I am saying goodbye to a true friend who He made Adenauer’s maxim his own. And he guided me with affection over the years and put it into practice again and again through the decades. I am not speaking now as his thoughts and actions. President of the Commission, but as a friend There are many examples of this. who became President of the Commission. In The fall of the Berlin Wall was greeted with Helmut Kohl, a giant of the post-war era joy throughout Europe and the world. But leaves us; He made it into th ehistory books German reunification – in which he always even while he was still alive – and in those uncompromisingly believed – encountered history books he will forever remain. He was resistance in parts of Europe, and indeed someone who became the continental sometimes outright rejection. monument before which German and Helmut Kohl promoted German reunification European wreaths are laid, and indeed must in many patient conversations. He was able be laid. to do so successfully because his reputation, It was his wish to say goodbye here in which had grown over many years, allowed Strasbourg, this Franco-German, European him to give credible assurances that he border city that was close to his heart. -
The Preservation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Our
THE PRESERVATION OF AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS ‘ THERE IS ONLY ONE THING WORSE THAN AUSCHWITZ ITSELF…AND THAT IS IF THE WORLD FORGETS THERE WAS SUCH A PLACE’ Henry Appel, Auschwitz survivor WŁADYSŁAW BARTOSZEWSKI’S APPEAL THE GENEration OF AUSCHWITZ survivors IS FADING away. We, former concentration camp prisoners and eyewitnesses of the Shoah, have devoted all our lives to the mission of keeping the memory of the Holocaust alive. Today, as our mission is coming to an end, we understand better than anyone else that our whole work and toil might be in vain if we do not succeed in bequeathing the material evidence of this terrible crime to future generations. The Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp remains the most important of these testimonies: once a place of suffering and death for hundreds of thousands of Jews, Poles, Roma, Sinti and people from all over Europe, today it is a memorial site visited by millions of people from around the world. Auschwitz-Birkenau Appeal 5 WŁADYSŁAW BARTOSZEWSKI’S APPEAL The Auschwitz camp buildings were hand built by us – the camp’s prisoners. I clearly recall that back Thus far, the entire financial burden of preserving the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Site has fallen on then none of us thought about how long they would last. Today, we are not the only ones that the Republic of Poland. Since the end of World War II, Poland has made a continuous effort to preserve understand that it is in that particular place that every man can fully grasp the enormity of this particular the remnants of Auschwitz and to collect and preserve countless testimonies and documents. -
List of the Archives of Organizations and Bodies Held at the Central
1 Guide to the Archival Record Groups and Collections Notation Record group / Collection Dates Scanning Quantity 1. Central Offices of the World Zionist Organization and of the Jewish Agency for Palestine/Israel abroad Z1 Central Zionist Office, Vienna 1897-1905 scanned 13.6 Z2 Central Zionist Office, Cologne 1905-1911 scanned 11.8 not Z3 Central Zionist Office, Berlin 1911-1920 31 scanned The Zionist Organization/The Jewish Agency for partially Z4 1917-1955 215.2 Palestine/Israel - Central Office, London scanned The Jewish Agency for Palestine/Israel - American Section 1939 not Z5 (including Palestine Office and Zionist Emergency 137.2 onwards scanned Council), New York Nahum Goldmann's offices in New York and Geneva. See Z6 1936-1982 scanned 33.2 also Office of Nahum Goldmann, S80 not Z7 Mordecai Kirshenbloom's Office 1957-1968 7.8 scanned 2. Departments of the Executive of the World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency for Palestine/Israel in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa not S1 Treasury Department 1918-1978 147.7 scanned not S33 Treasury Department, Budget Section 1947-1965 12.5 scanned not S105 Treasury Department, Section for Financial Information 1930-1959 12.8 scanned partially S6 Immigration Department 1919-1980 167.5 scanned S3 Immigration Department, Immigration Office, Haifa 1921-1949 scanned 10.6 S4 Immigration Department, Immigration Office, Tel Aviv 1920-1948 scanned 21.5 not S120 Absorption Department, Section for Yemenite Immigrants 1950-1957 1.7 scanned S84 Absorption Department, Jerusalem Regional Section 1948-1960 scanned 8.3 2 Guide to the Archival Record Groups and Collections not S112 Absorption Department, Housing Division 1951-1967 4 scanned not S9 Department of Labour 1921-1948 25.7 scanned Department of Labour, Section for the Supervision of not S10 1935-1947 3.5 Labour Exchanges scanned Agricultural Settlement Department.