The White Horse Press Full citation: Daley, Ben, and Peter Griggs. "Mining the Reefs and Cays: Coral, Guano and Rock Phosphate Extraction in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1844–1940." Environment and History 12, no. 4 (November 2006): 395–433. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3279. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2006. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this article may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. Mining the Reefs and Cays: Coral, Guano and Rock Phosphate Extraction in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1844–1940 BEN DALEY Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK Email:
[email protected] PETER GRIGGS School of Tropical Environment Studies and Geography James Cook University – Cairns Campus PO Box 6811 Cairns Queensland, Australia 4870 Email:
[email protected] ABSTRACT Scholarly attention has recently focused on the extent of the deterioration of the Great Barrier Reef and several authors have attempted to place that decline into historical context. We present documentary and oral history evidence that the extent and severity of mining in the Great Barrier Reef has been hitherto neglected in environmental histories of the ecosystem. Extraction of phosphatic sandstone, guano, rock phosphate and coral from many islands, cays and coral reefs have resulted in extensive transformations of some habitats.