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Local-Loop and DSL REFERENCE GUIDE Table of Contents
Local-Loop and DSL REFERENCE GUIDE Table of Contents Prologue ............................................................................ 2 2.3.9.3 REIN ....................................................................32 2.3.9.4 SHINE..................................................................32 1. Introduction ................................................................. 5 2.3.9.5 PEIN ....................................................................32 2. What is DSL? ................................................................ 6 2.3.10 Bonding...............................................................33 2.3.11 Vectoring ............................................................35 2.1 Pre-DSL Delivery of Data ........................................................... 6 2.3.12 G.Fast ..................................................................36 2.1.1 Dial-Up ................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 ISDN .................................................................................... 7 3. DSL Deployment Issues ...........................................38 2.2 xDSL Overview ............................................................................. 8 3.1 Determining the Nature of the Problem ...............................39 2.3 DSL In-Depth .............................................................................12 3.2 Performing a Visual Inspection ..............................................44 2.3.1 ISDN ..................................................................................13 -
Telecommunication Switching Networks
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NETWORKS TElECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NffiWRKS THIS PAGE IS BLANK Copyright © 2006, 2005 New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected] ISBN (10) : 81-224-2349-3 ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2349-5 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com PREFACE This text, ‘Telecommunication Switching and Networks’ is intended to serve as a one- semester text for undergraduate course of Information Technology, Electronics and Communi- cation Engineering, and Telecommunication Engineering. This book provides in depth knowl- edge on telecommunication switching and good background for advanced studies in communi- cation networks. The entire subject is dealt with conceptual treatment and the analytical or mathematical approach is made only to some extent. For best understanding, more diagrams (202) and tables (35) are introduced wherever necessary in each chapter. The telecommunication switching is the fast growing field and enormous research and development are undertaken by various organizations and firms. The communication networks have unlimited research potentials. Both telecommunication switching and communication networks develop new techniques and technologies everyday. This book provides complete fun- damentals of all the topics it has focused. However, a candidate pursuing postgraduate course, doing research in these areas and the employees of telecom organizations should be in constant touch with latest technologies. -
ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna Naloga Področje: Sociologija
OŠ Brinje Grosuplje Ljubljanska cesta 40a ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna naloga Področje: Sociologija Avtorja: Lučka Perme, Liza Završan in Zoja Gal – Šehić; 4. b Mentorici: Vanja Resnik, Maja Zajec Grosuplje, marec 2020 1 KAZALO 1 UVOD _______________________________________________________________________ 3 2 TEORETIČNI DEL _______________________________________________________________ 4 2.1 KAJ JE TELEFON? __________________________________________________________ 4 2.2 ZGODOVINA TELEFONOV ___________________________________________________ 4 2. 3 SEVANJE MOBILNEGA TELEFONA _____________________________________________ 5 2. 4 MOBILNI TELEFONI V ŠOLI ___________________________________________________ 6 2. 5 ZASVOJENOST _____________________________________________________________ 7 2. 6 HIPOTEZE ________________________________________________________________ 8 3 EMPIRIČNI DEL ________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 1 METODA _________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 2 REZULTATI __________________________________________________________________ 9 4 ZAKLJUČEK __________________________________________________________________ 14 5 LITERATURA _________________________________________________________________ 15 6 PRILOGE ____________________________________________________________________ 16 2 POVZETEK To temo smo si izbrale, ker ima danes že praktično vsak človek svoj mobilni telefon, nas pa je zanimalo, kakšno je stanje pri učencih 4. razredov. V raziskavi -
History of Communication
History of Communication Animals have their own methods of communication. For example Dolphins use sound to communicate with other dolphins and to echolocate when hunting. From the early history of human existence there have been many ways of communicating each other. People from different parts of the world use a variety of languages to express their thoughts. Gradually civilization thrived and ways of communicating other continents became a general need to build up political and economical inter-relationships among them. We find many curious and interesting methods of communication in the history of the world. Sri Lankan history reveals that messages were sent by birds often. And some messages were named after the bird that carried it. The postal system was one of the early forms of communication. Chou Dynasty created his own postal system in 1000 B.C. The mail would travel on a horse to the next pass. Romans had their own system called the “Cursus Pubius”, they used foot messengers. Genghis Khan made an early postal system using homing pigeons. Middle Age in European history is a very important period. After the invention of the printing machine people in Europe gathered knowledge by reading. They started thinking. Hence, many inventions and theories came forward. Among them were telegraph, telephone, television and radio. British inventors Sir Charles Wheatstone and William F. Cook invented the telegraph in 1837. Samuel Morse invented the telegraph communication system called the Morse code. It had long and short electrical impulses referring as dots and dashes. Each impulse is either a letter or number. -
5. on Being First
5. On Being First The postage stamp is a unique kind of sign, with an impressive capacity to convey a number of messages in a very confined space (Child, 2008). In the previous chapter I have been able to review the use of stamps to deliver political messages. In this chapter, I look at how the representation of scientists on stamps has developed over time and investigate examples of stamps being used as the vehicle to substantiate ‘firsts’ in science. On being first Robert Merton’s “Priorities in Scientific Discovery” (1957) discusses the way that science is structured, noting the importance attached to the date of a discovery and the world’s acknowledgement of the achievement. Disputes are commonplace regarding such recognition, and Merton states that it is more likely that the case will be argued by the institution than the scientist. The scientist will often accept that science is a developing understanding of the world and that many research projects are conducted in parallel. The establishment, here in the form of postal authorities, in some cases as an agency of government, enters the fray of controversy in the very public arena of stamp issue. Merton’s comments on being first are reiterated by Collins and Pinch: Moreover, the mass media may be used by scientists as platforms to assure their priority in discovery – a well known phenomenon in the sociology of science (Collins and Pinch, 1998, p. 142). Within the context of this study, I anticipate that it is a national institution, the postal authority, representing the aims and ambitions of the state, that chooses to honour specific scientists. -
Detection of Smartphone Malware
Detection of Smartphone Malware Eingereicht von Diplom-Informatiker Aubrey-Derrick Schmidt Von der Fakult¨atIV { Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universit¨atBerlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften { Dr.-Ing. { genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuß: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Jean-Pierre Seifert Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sahin Albayrak Berichter: Prof. Dr. Fernando C. Colon Osorio Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 28.06.2011 Berlin 2011 D 83 ii Acknowledgements On completion of my Ph.D. thesis I would like to sincerely thank all those who supported me in realizing and finishing my work. First of all, I am heartily thankful to my supervisors and Ph.D. Com- mittee spending time and effort on me. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sahin Albayrak and Ph.D. Ahmet Camtepe always were a shining example for scientific success to me. Throughout all of the stages of my thesis, they helped me to keep track on the right research direction, seriously revised all of my work, and patiently discussed and resolved issues not only related to my work. I am also deeply moved by their serious and honest attitude towards academic work. Additionally, I really appreciate their will for hosting and motivating me all the time while working at DAI-Laboratory at Technische Univer- sit¨atBerlin. I want to honestly thank them for their friendly, personal, and self-sacrificing will to help me in any situation throughout my time at the DAI-Laboratory. When meeting Prof. Dr. Fernando C. Colon Osorio on Malware Conference 2009 in Montreal the first time, I was really impressed by his will to put scientific discussion into the focus of the conference. -
Exhibition Credits
Exhibition Credits: Science Committee/Exhibition development team Evangelos Vitoratos, Professor, Department of Physics, Direct at S.T.M. Kordulis Christos, Professor, Department of Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences Zelilidis Abraham, Professor, Former Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and performing debts of Director at S.T.M. up to 31/8/2010 Theodoros Deligainnis, Emeritus Professor, Department of Physics, Team Coordinator Christopher Krontiras, Professor, Chairman, Department of Physics Stavros Kotsopoulos, Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dimitris Lymberopoulos, Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Exhibition Design and Curator Peny Theologi-Gouti, Architect-Ethnologist, S.T.M. Research and Material Collection Peny Theologi-Gouti, Architect-Ethnologist, S.T.M. Athena Pilarinos, Electrical Engineer, S.T.M. Design and Construction of Experiments Theodoros Deligiannis, Emeritus Professor, Department of Physics Evangelos Vitoratos, Professor, Department of Physics Spyros Koutsouvelis, Department of Physics Giannis Stais, Physisist Students of the Department of Pyysics Presentation of experiments Made possible with the support of volunteer students from the Department of Physics Study and Coordination of Installation and Activation of the Telephone Exchange ATZ-65 model Costas Bourdoulis, Former Technical Staff and Instructor of OTE, Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation, Leader in charge Installation and Activation of Telephone Exchange ATZ-65 EXHIBITION Costas Kaipanos, Former Technical Staff of OTE Andreas Economopoulos, Former Technical Staff of OTE Lefteris Raptis, Former Technical Staff of OTE With the support of Former and Current OTE Staff members. ‘Telecommunications in our life’ Implementation of Interactive Exhibit for the History of Telecommu- nications Nikolaos Avouris, Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Peny Theologi-Gouti, Architect-Ethnologist, S.T.M. -
Telephone Quiz: Questions and Answers
kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. What is telephone? A device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation A system for the transmission and reception of images and sound An electronic device used to perform a remote operation on a machine 2. Who invented the world's first telephone? Antonio Meucci Elisha Gray Alexander Graham Bell 3. Who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for the device that produces a clearly intelligible replication of the human voice? Charles Bourseul Alexander Graham Bell Innocenzo Manzetti 4. What are the essential elements of a telephone? Microphone and earphone Cable and electricity Buttons 5. In which year was the Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) launched? 1973 1970 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com 1983 6. What has been the trend for mobile phones since 1999? Efficient phones Smartphones Special phones 7. When did the first successful telephone transmission using a liquid transmitter take place? January 30, 1877 February 19, 1876 March 10, 1876 8. What is a lineman's handset? A telephone that allows long-distance calls A device used to repair the phone A special type of telephone used by technicians for installing and testing local loop telephone lines 9. In telecommunications, what does POTS mean? Permanent Old Telephone Service Plain Old Telephone Service Permanent Out Telephone Services 10. When was the transistor invented? 1974 1947 1946 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1. -
Who Invented the Telephone?: Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History
Who Invented the Telephone?: Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History Christopher Beauchamp Technology and Culture, Volume 51, Number 4, October 2010, pp. 854-878 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/tech.2010.0038 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tech/summary/v051/51.4.beauchamp.html Access Provided by Princeton University at 02/10/13 1:14PM GMT 05_51.4beauchamp 854–78:03_49.3dobraszczyk 568– 10/31/10 11:04 AM Page 854 Who Invented the Telephone? Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History CHRISTOPHERBEAUCHAMP Who invented the telephone? In the United States, this question has a widely known answer. Alexander Graham Bell routinely ranks among the hundred “greatest” or “most influential” Americans, whether chosen by historians or internet polls.1 His cry of “Mr. Watson—come here—I want to see you,”al- though often misquoted, is one of the best-known exclamations in Amer- ican history.2 More than one hundred and thirty years after the event, Bell and Watson’s first telephone call remains a classroom staple: a standard de- vice for teaching Americans about the nation’s inventive past, and even for placing technological change at the center of mainstream history.3 Christopher Beauchamp is the Sharswood Fellow in Law and History at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. In an earlier form, this essay received the Levinson Prize of the Society for the History of Technology. The author is grateful for the advice of Anisha Dasgupta, Martin Daunton, Richard John, Robert MacDougall, Christine MacLeod, John Staudenmaier, and four anonymous referees for T&C. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 148 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, JUNE 10, 2002 No. 75 House of Representatives The House met at 2 p.m. and was Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, called to order by the Speaker pro tem- nal stands approved. ETC. pore (Mr. PETRI). f Under clause 8 of rule XII, executive f PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE communications were taken from the Speaker’s table and referred as follows: DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER The SPEAKER pro tempore. The PRO TEMPORE 7247. A letter from the Air Force Federal Chair will lead the House in the Pledge Register Liaison Officer Plans and Policy Di- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- of Allegiance. rectorate, Department of Defense, transmit- fore the House the following commu- The SPEAKER pro tempore led the ting the Department’s final rule—Installa- nication from the Speaker: Pledge of Allegiance as follows: tion Entry Policy, Civil Disturbance Inter- WASHINGTON, DC, I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the vention and Disaster Assistance (RIN: 0701– June 10, 2002. United States of America, and to the Repub- AA64) received May 22, 2002, pursuant to 5 I hereby appoint the Honorable THOMAS E. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on PETRI to act as Speaker pro tempore on this indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. Armed Services. day. 7248. A letter from the Legislative and Reg- f J. -
Media Technology and Society
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Media Technology and Society offers a comprehensive account of the history of communications technologies, from the telegraph to the Internet. Winston argues that the development of new media, from the telephone to computers, satellite, camcorders and CD-ROM, is the product of a constant play-off between social necessity and suppression: the unwritten ‘law’ by which new technologies are introduced into society. Winston’s fascinating account challenges the concept of a ‘revolution’ in communications technology by highlighting the long histories of such developments. The fax was introduced in 1847. The idea of television was patented in 1884. Digitalisation was demonstrated in 1938. Even the concept of the ‘web’ dates back to 1945. Winston examines why some prototypes are abandoned, and why many ‘inventions’ are created simultaneously by innovators unaware of each other’s existence, and shows how new industries develop around these inventions, providing media products for a mass audience. Challenging the popular myth of a present-day ‘Information Revolution’, Media Technology and Society is essential reading for anyone interested in the social impact of technological change. Brian Winston is Head of the School of Communication, Design and Media at the University of Westminster. He has been Dean of the College of Communications at the Pennsylvania State University, Chair of Cinema Studies at New York University and Founding Research Director of the Glasgow University Media Group. His books include Claiming the Real (1995). As a television professional, he has worked on World in Action and has an Emmy for documentary script-writing. MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY A HISTORY: FROM THE TELEGRAPH TO THE INTERNET BrianWinston London and New York First published 1998 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. -
Association Des Amis Des Cables Sous-Marins Bulletin N° 51
ASSOCIATION DES AMIS DES CABLES SOUS-MARINS Le NC Antonio MEUCCI à La Seyne en août 2014 (G Fouchard) BULLETIN N° 51 – FEVRIER 2016 1 SOMMAIRE NUMERO 51 – FEVRIER 2016 Articles Auteurs Pages Couverture : Le NC Meucci à La Seyne sur Mer Rédaction 1 Sommaire Rédaction 2 Le billet du Président A. Van Oudheusden 3 La lettre du trésorier Gérard Fouchard 4 Undersea Fiber Communication Systems José Chesnoy 5 Le NC Meucci et les mensonges de l’histoire Rédaction 6 La technologie du futur des câbles sous marins José Chesnoy 10 L’actualité des câbles sous-marins Loic Le Fur 20 Les sémaphores de la Marine Yves Lecouturier 23 Gustave Ferrié et la radio pendant la Grande Guerre Gérard Fouchard 31 Paul Langevin à Toulon pendant la grande guerre Gérard Fouchard 39 Le point de vue de Pierre Suard Pierre Suard 45 Hommage à Alain Bacquey Jocelyne Yépès 46 Hommage à Marcel Ferrara J. L Bricout 47 Hommage à Jean Le Tiec Christian Delanis 48 Hommage à René Salvador Gérard Fouchard 49 FIN DE VOTRE ABONNEMENT AU BULLETIN Le numéro 50 devait être le dernier bulletin mais l’actualité, la technologie et les témoignages sur la guerre de 1914-1918 permettent l’édition plusieurs bulletins complémentaires. La trésorerie de l’association le permet. Je vous rappelle que la cotisation annuelle est de 5 euros. Seule une adhésion à jour vous permet recevoir le bulletin. Gérard Fouchard - Trésorier de l’AACSM - 40 Quai Hoche -83500 LA SEYNE SUR MER Site de l’association : www. Cablesm.fr 2 LE BILLET DU PRESIDENT Alain Van Oudheusden Je tiens à présenter à tous les adhérents, au nom du Bureau, mes meilleurs vœux à l’aube de 2016 et ce nouveau bulletin.