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Los Tipos De Neritina Valentina Graells, 1846 Redescubiertos © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus , 38 (2): , 2020 Los tipos de Neritina valentina Graells, 1846 redescubiertos The primary types of Neritina valentina Graells, 1846 rediscovered Beatriz ARCONADA* , Javier DE ANDRÉS* & Rafael ARAUJO* , 1 Recibido el 24-IX-2019. Aceptado el 3-II-2020 RESUMEN El género Theodoxus se distribuye por los lagos, ríos y estuarios de Europa, sudoeste de Asia y norte de África, aunque su taxonomía es todavía incompleta. Theodoxus valentinus (Graells, 1846) es una especie endémica ibérica de distribución muy localizada, con una forma de concha muy particular, prácticamente extinguida y catalogada en peligro crítico por la UICN. En este artículo se da a conocer el descubrimiento reciente en la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (España) del material tipo de Neri - tina valentina Graells, 1846 y se estudian otros ejemplares de esta especie en diferentes colecciones de museos. ABSTRACT The genus Theodoxus is distributed in lakes, rivers and estuaries of Europe, Southwest Asia and North Africa, but its taxonomy is still incompletely understood. Theodoxus valentinus (Graells, 1846) is an endemic Iberian species with a very localized distribution and with a very particular shell shape, practically extinct and listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. This article reveals the recent discovery in the collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid (Spain) of the type material of Neritina valentina Graells, 1846, and other specimens of this species, coming from other collections, are also studied. PALABRAS CLAVE : Theodoxus , taxonomía, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, agua dulce, endemismo. KEY WORDS : Theodoxus , taxonomy, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, freshwater, endemism. INTRODUCCIÓN La taxonomía del género Theodoxus tínez -O rtí , 1996), y generalmente se Montfort 1810 está todavía sin clarificar. han considerado las diferencias morfo - Sabemos que sus especies se distribuyen lógicas y morfométricas de la concha, por los lagos, ríos y estuarios de europa, cuya variabilidad en forma y patrón de sudoeste de Asia y norte de África coloración es muy destacable. reciente - (Bunje & L indBerg , 2007), pero desco - mente se han estudiado dos genes mito - nocemos cuantas especies existen. Hay condriales de una amplia selección geo - muy pocas publicaciones donde se ana - gráfica de muestras ( Bunje & L indBerg , lizan los caracteres anatómicos internos 2007), encontrando una serie de 6 linajes de las especies ( BOdOn & g iOvAneLLi , que serían la base para un estudio taxo - 1995; rOBLeS , M Artínez -L ópez & M Ar - nómico más completo. Según gLöer & * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid 1 Autor para correspondencia 1 Iberus , 38 (2), 2020 peSic (2015) y gLöer (2018) el opérculo cionistas no figuraran más como autores sería un carácter discriminante por exce - de las especies ( WeLter -S cHuLteS , 2012, lencia dentro del género, pero siempre pág . 96 ). Neritina serratilinea es una sino - son las condiciones ambientales las que nimia de Nerita danubialis pfeiffer, 1828 y pa recen determinar el tamaño, forma y vive en Austria ( LugMAir & S cHAuer , coloración de las conchas ( rOSSMäSSLer , 2011 ), italia ( pOrrO , 1838), rumanía 1854; OrtOn & S iBLy , 1990; zettLer ET (S îrBu & B enedek , 2017) y a lo largo del AL ., 2004). río neretva ( BruSinA , 1866) que atra - desde la descripción de Nerita fluvia - viesa Bosnia-Herzegovina y croacia. tilis por Linnaeus en 1758 se han citado Neritina violacea y N. inquinata son sinó - diferentes especies, asignadas en el siglo nimos de N. elongatula . XiX a los géneros Neritina, Nerita o Theo - Mientras que algunos autores doxia y actualmente al género Theodoxus , reducen a 3 las especies ibéricas del en las aguas dulces de la península género Theodoxus , T. fluviatilis , T. meridio - ibérica: nalis y T. valentinus (M Artinez -O rt́i ET Nerita fluviatilis (grAeLLS , 1846) y AL ., 2015), otros proponen una mayor Theodoxus fluviatilis (g ASuLL , 1970, diversidad taxonómica ( BAnk , 2013; vidAL ABArcA & S uÁrez , 1985); Neritina eicHHOrSt , 2016) o discrepan en el baetica Lamarck, 1822 ( grAeLLS , 1846 ); nombre de las especies existentes Theodoxus meridionalis (philippi, 1836) (gLöer , 2018). (vidAL ABArcA & S uÁrez , 1985); Neri - destaca entre las tres especies ibéri - tina intexta (villa, 1841) ( grAeLLS , 1846 ); cas T. valentinus , una especie endémica Neritina elongatula Morelet, 1845 ( vOn prácticamente extinguida, que tiene una MArtenS , 1879) y Theodoxia elongatula forma de concha muy particular y dis - (LOcArd , 1899); Neritina guadianensis tinguible de las demás (Fig. 1). Su área Morelet, 1845 ( MOreLet , 1845) y Theodo - de distribución está muy delimitada a xia guadianensis (L OcArd , 1899); Neritina puntos concretos de la provincia de violacea Morelet, 1845 ( BOFiLL , 1914); valencia en el este de la península Neritina inquinata Morelet, 1845 ibérica. está catalogada en peligro (MOreLet , 1845; BOFiLL , 1914 ); Neritina crítico por la iucn ( MArtínez -O rtí ET velascoi graells, 1846 ( grAeLLS , 1846) y AL ., 2009; iucn, 2011). Theodoxus velascoi (v idAL ABArcA & SuÁrez , 1985); Neritina valentina graells, 1846 ( grAeLLS , 1846) ; Theodoxus zebrinus HISTORIA DE LA DESCRIPCIÓN DE (récluz, 1841) ( eicHHOrSt , 2016); Theo - NERITINA VALENTINA doxus bourguignati (recluz, 1852) ( vidAL ABArcA y SuÁrez , 1985); Theodoxus his - Mariano de paz graells (1809-1898) palensis (von Martens, 1879) ( vidAL descubrió una especie de caracol dulcea - ABArcA & S uÁrez , 1985); Neritina hidal - cuícola en el riu dels Sants de la pedra goi crosse, 1880 ( BOFiLL , 1914) y Theodo - (o río de San julián), al lado de la venta xus hidalgoi (vidAL ABArcA & S uÁrez , del conde, no muy lejos de la ciudad de 1985); Neritina mixta Westerlund, 1892 San Felipe de játiva en valencia. La (WeSterLund , 1892). grAeLLS (1846, llamó Neritina valentina y su descripción pág. 20) cita también Neritina serratilinea está recogida en el que se ha conside - ziegler (sin año) en las provincias orien - rado “ el primer estudio de conjunto verda - tales. deramente científico sobre la malacofauna Franz Andreas ziegler (1761-1842) española ” ( HidALgO , 1877), el catálogo fue un coleccionista de viena que vendía de los moluscos terrestres y de agua a los investigadores conchas etiquetadas dulce de españa ( grAeLLS , 1846). con nombres nuevos que él mismo asig - grAeLLS (1846) describe 3 variedades de naba; de esta forma, nombró centenares Neritina valentina : purpurea , fasciata y de especies que nunca habían sido publi - albida . Aunque la forma de la concha de cadas, lo que dio lugar a que a partir de T. valentinus es, generalmente, distingui - 1905 se decidiera que este tipo de colec - ble de otras especies del género, no 2 ARCONADA ET AL .: Los tipos de Neritina valentina (Graells, 1846) redescubiertos 2 mm Figura 1. Serie tipo de Neritina valentina Graells, 1846 en la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid. Figure 1. Type series of Neritina valentina Graells, 1846 at the collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid. siempre es así (com. pers. Martínez- eicHHOrSt (2016) apunta que el Ortí), como también ocurre en el resto nombre valentina hace referencia a San de las especies del género Theodoxus valentín, cuyos huesos reposan en la (zettLer ET AL ., 2004). iglesia de San Antón en Madrid, ciudad 3 Iberus , 38 (2), 2020 en la que graells colaboró a fundar la (cerdá). en 1983, debido a la sobreexplo - real Academia de ciencias en 1847. no tación hídrica del acuífero que aflora en obstante, viendo la descripción original el manantial que da lugar al río Santos, se de 1846, “Habitat rivulis regni valen - elimina el caudal del río con la consi - tini”, es obvio que el autor se refiera a guiente extinción de la población original que la especie proviene del antiguo de N. valentina (rOBLeS ET AL ., 1996). desde reino de valencia o de la región “valen - entonces ( MArtinez -O rti & r OBLeS , 2003), tina” ( HidALgO , 1875). en este lugar solo se pueden encontrar es destacable el interés que esta especie conchas de esta especie. despertó entre los naturalistas coetáneos Afortunadamente han aparecido de graells. entre marzo y julio de 1853, el otras poblaciones en el tramo inicial del malacólogo alemán emil Adolf rossmäss - río verde en Benimodo, en el Barranc de ler (1806-1867) emprendió un viaje al este Misana, afluente del anterior, y en ace - y sur de españa, que posteriormente relató quias de riego del parque natural de la en su libro “recuerdos de viaje por Albufera, todas en valencia ( BArSiene españa” ( rOSSMäSSLer , 1854), con objeto ET AL ., 2000; MArtínez -O rtí ET AL ., de completar su iconografía de moluscos 2009). destaca la cita de los ejemplares terrestres y acuáticos de europa, en la que de la Albufera de valencia recogidos en llevaba trabajando desde 1835 ( rOSSMäSS - el año 1996 junto con T. velascoi (BAr - Ler , 1899). el objeto de su viaje era colec - Siene ET AL ., 2000 ), ya que hasta la fecha tar ejemplares para su investigación y para solo se había detectado en este parque la las colecciones de las instituciones ingle - presencia de T. fluviatilis y T. baeticus (= sas y alemanas que en parte financiaban T. fluviatilis ) ( rOSeLLó , 1995). Bunje & su viaje. en una de sus excursiones por LindBerg (2007) también la citan en valencia se desplazó a propósito hasta la Massalavés (valencia) junto a T. velascoi . localidad tipo de N. valentina, donde reco - lectó varios ejemplares que dibujó él mismo y fueron luego coloreados a mano THEODOXUS VALENTINUS EN LAS por su ayudante Hauptvogel en su ico - COLECCIONES MUSEÍSTICAS nografía ( reig -F errer , 2006). Algunos ejemplares recolectados por rossmässler no siempre T. valentinus fue identifi - se encuentran actualmente en las colec - cado como tal. en el siglo XiX, ejempla - ciones del Museo de Historia natural de res de la población de la venta del Londres, del Museo nacional de Historia conde se identificaron ( vOn MArtenS , natural de la Smithsonian institution de 1879; tryOn , 1888) como una subespecie Washington y del Museo Senckenberg de de T. guadianensis (Morelet, 1845) (= Ne - Frankfurt (Fig.
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