DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecosystem Tipping Points

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecosystem Tipping Points Report No.335 Ecosystem Tipping Points: Learning from the Past to Manage for the Future Authors: Deirdre Brophy, Cóllín Minto, Olga Lyashevska, Róisín Nash, Ian O’Connor, Tom Doyle, Damien Haberlin and Kieran Lyons www.epa.ie ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Monitoring, Analysing and Reporting on the The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for Environment protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset • Monitoring air quality and implementing the EU Clean Air for for the people of Ireland. We are committed to protecting people Europe (CAFÉ) Directive. and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation and • Independent reporting to inform decision making by national pollution. and local government (e.g. periodic reporting on the State of Ireland’s Environment and Indicator Reports). The work of the EPA can be divided into three main areas: Regulating Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Preparing Ireland’s greenhouse gas inventories and projections. Regulation: We implement effective regulation and environmental • Implementing the Emissions Trading Directive, for over 100 of compliance systems to deliver good environmental outcomes and the largest producers of carbon dioxide in Ireland. target those who don’t comply. Knowledge: We provide high quality, targeted and timely Environmental Research and Development environmental data, information and assessment to inform • Funding environmental research to identify pressures, inform decision making at all levels. policy and provide solutions in the areas of climate, water and sustainability. Advocacy: We work with others to advocate for a clean, productive and well protected environment and for sustainable Strategic Environmental Assessment environmental behaviour. • Assessing the impact of proposed plans and programmes on the Irish environment (e.g. major development plans). Our Responsibilities Radiological Protection Licensing • Monitoring radiation levels, assessing exposure of people in We regulate the following activities so that they do not endanger Ireland to ionising radiation. human health or harm the environment: • Assisting in developing national plans for emergencies arising • waste facilities (e.g. landfills, incinerators, waste transfer from nuclear accidents. stations); • Monitoring developments abroad relating to nuclear • large scale industrial activities (e.g. pharmaceutical, cement installations and radiological safety. manufacturing, power plants); • Providing, or overseeing the provision of, specialist radiation • intensive agriculture (e.g. pigs, poultry); protection services. • the contained use and controlled release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); Guidance, Accessible Information and Education • sources of ionising radiation (e.g. x-ray and radiotherapy • Providing advice and guidance to industry and the public on equipment, industrial sources); environmental and radiological protection topics. • large petrol storage facilities; • Providing timely and easily accessible environmental • waste water discharges; information to encourage public participation in environmental • dumping at sea activities. decision-making (e.g. My Local Environment, Radon Maps). • Advising Government on matters relating to radiological safety National Environmental Enforcement and emergency response. • Conducting an annual programme of audits and inspections of • Developing a National Hazardous Waste Management Plan to EPA licensed facilities. prevent and manage hazardous waste. • Overseeing local authorities’ environmental protection responsibilities. Awareness Raising and Behavioural Change • Supervising the supply of drinking water by public water • Generating greater environmental awareness and influencing suppliers. positive behavioural change by supporting businesses, • Working with local authorities and other agencies to tackle communities and householders to become more resource environmental crime by co-ordinating a national enforcement efficient. network, targeting offenders and overseeing remediation. • Promoting radon testing in homes and workplaces and • Enforcing Regulations such as Waste Electrical and Electronic encouraging remediation where necessary. Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and substances that deplete the ozone layer. Management and structure of the EPA • Prosecuting those who flout environmental law and damage the The EPA is managed by a full time Board, consisting of a Director environment. General and five Directors. The work is carried out across five Offices: Water Management • Office of Environmental Sustainability • Monitoring and reporting on the quality of rivers, lakes, • Office of Environmental Enforcement transitional and coastal waters of Ireland and groundwaters; • Office of Evidence and Assessment measuring water levels and river flows. • Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring • National coordination and oversight of the Water Framework • Office of Communications and Corporate Services Directive. The EPA is assisted by an Advisory Committee of twelve members • Monitoring and reporting on Bathing Water Quality. who meet regularly to discuss issues of concern and provide advice to the Board. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2014–2020 Ecosystem Tipping Points: Learning from the Past to Manage for the Future (2015-NC-MS-3) EPA Research Report Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency by Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Authors: Deirdre Brophy, Cóilín Minto, Olga Lyashevska, Róisín Nash, Ian O’Connor, Tom Doyle, Damien Haberlin and Kieran Lyons ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353 53 916 0600 Fax: +353 53 916 0699 Email: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie © Environmental Protection Agency 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published as part of the EPA Research Programme 2014–2020. The EPA Research Programme is a Government of Ireland initiative funded by the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment. It is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environmental research. The authors would like to acknowledge the members of the project steering committee, namely Dr Georgina McDermott (EPA), Dr Tasman Crowe (University College Dublin) and Richard Cronin (Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government), and also Oonagh Monahan (Research Project Manager on behalf of the EPA). DISCLAIMER Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The Environmental Protection Agency, the authors and the steering committee members do not accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned, or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. This report is based on research carried out/data from June 2015 to March 2019. More recent data may have become available since the research was completed. The EPA Research Programme addresses the need for research in Ireland to inform policymakers and other stakeholders on a range of questions in relation to environmental protection. These reports are intended as contributions to the necessary debate on the protection of the environment. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2014–2020 Published by the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland ISBN: 978-1-84095-930-7 August 2020 Price: Free Online version ii Project Partners Dr Deirdre Brophy Dr Ian O’Connor Marine and Freshwater Research Centre Marine and Freshwater Research Centre Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Dublin Road Dublin Road Galway Galway Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dr Cóilín Minto Dr Tom Doyle Marine and Freshwater Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Sciences Dublin Road University College Cork Galway Cork Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dr Olga Lyashevska Dr Damien Haberlin Marine and Freshwater Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Sciences Dublin Road University College Cork Galway Cork Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dr Róisín Nash Mr Kieran Lyons Marine and Freshwater Research Centre Marine Institute Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Renville Dublin Road Oranmore Galway Co. Galway Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] iii Contents Acknowledgements ii Disclaimer ii Project Partners iii List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Executive Summary xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Ecosystem Change, Thresholds and Tipping Points 1 1.2 Ecosystem-based Management in the Context of Change 1 1.3 Marine Ecosystem Time Series 2 1.4 Investigating Change in the Celtic Sea Ecosystem 2 1.5 Objectives 3 1.6 The Study Approach 3 2 Consolidating Data Resources for the Celtic Sea Ecosystem 4 2.1 The Study Area 4 2.2 Data Access 4 2.3 Broad Temporal Trends in the Celtic Sea Ecosystem 6 2.4 Conclusion 10 3 Ecosystem Tools: Statistical Approaches to Understanding Ecosystem Change 13 3.1 Estimating Common Trends in Multiple Time Series 13 3.2 Modelling
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chordata, Tunicata, Thaliacea, Doliolida) from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia), with an Updated Worldwide Distribution
    Journal of Sustainability Science and Management ISSN: 1823-8556 Volume 13 Number 5, 2018 © Penerbit UMT TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE FAMILY DOLIOLIDAE BRONN, 1862 (CHORDATA, TUNICATA, THALIACEA, DOLIOLIDA) FROM EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA), WITH AN UPDATED WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION NUR ‘ALIAH BINTI ADAM1 AND NURUL HUDA AHMAD ISHAK*1, 2 1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: The marine pelagic tunicate from the family of Doliolidae Bronn, 1862 in the coastal waters of Terengganu was studied for the first time, hereby presented in this paper. The distribution was analysed from 18 sampling stations alongside the Terengganu waters; including Pulau Bidong, Pulau Yu and Pulau Kapas. Samples were collected from April to July 2016 using 200µm Bongo net; towed vertically from a stationary vessel; and were preserved in a 5% buffered formaldehyde. Five species discovered in this family were identified as new records in Malaysian waters:Doliolum denticulatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834, Doliolum nationalis Borgert, 1894, Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin, 1884, Doliolina mulleri Krohn, 1852 and Dolioloides rarum Grobben, 1882. A comprehensive review of the species description, diagnosis and a key to the phorozooid from the recorded species is herewith provided. We also deliver a detailed map of current and known worldwide occurrence of these five species, and thus consequently update the biodiversity of Malaysian fauna. KEYWORDS: Doliolid, pelagic tunicates, South China Sea, Terengganu, taxonomy, biogeography Introduction have the most complex life cycle compared to any of the pelagic tunicates; consisting of no lesser Pelagic tunicates are large transparent animals than six different and successive morphological that measure up to 25cm (Lavaniegos & Ohman, stages (Godeaux et al., 1998; Paffenhöfer & 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Siphonophore Tentilla for Specialized Prey Capture in the Open Ocean
    The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean Alejandro Damian-Serranoa,1, Steven H. D. Haddockb,c, and Casey W. Dunna aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; bResearch Division, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039; and cEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Edited by Jeremy B. C. Jackson, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved December 11, 2020 (received for review April 7, 2020) Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary makes them an ideal system to study the relationships between “dead end” due to the constraints associated with the evolution of functional traits and prey specialization. Like a head of coral, a si- morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organ- phonophore is a colony bearing many feeding polyps (Fig. 1). Each ism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in sep- feeding polyp has a single tentacle, which branches into a series of arate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme tentilla. Like other cnidarians, siphonophores capture prey with cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of nematocysts, harpoon-like stinging capsules borne within special- pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches ized cells known as cnidocytes. Unlike the prey-capture apparatus of armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study most other cnidarians, siphonophore tentacles carry their cnidocytes how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what mor- in extremely complex and organized batteries (3), which are located phological changes are associated with these transitions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Chordate Larvae Donald I Williamson* Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
    lopmen ve ta e l B Williamson, Cell Dev Biol 2012, 1:1 D io & l l o l g DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000101 e y C Cell & Developmental Biology ISSN: 2168-9296 Research Article Open Access The Origins of Chordate Larvae Donald I Williamson* Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom Abstract The larval transfer hypothesis states that larvae originated as adults in other taxa and their genomes were transferred by hybridization. It contests the view that larvae and corresponding adults evolved from common ancestors. The present paper reviews the life histories of chordates, and it interprets them in terms of the larval transfer hypothesis. It is the first paper to apply the hypothesis to craniates. I claim that the larvae of tunicates were acquired from adult larvaceans, the larvae of lampreys from adult cephalochordates, the larvae of lungfishes from adult craniate tadpoles, and the larvae of ray-finned fishes from other ray-finned fishes in different families. The occurrence of larvae in some fishes and their absence in others is correlated with reproductive behavior. Adult amphibians evolved from adult fishes, but larval amphibians did not evolve from either adult or larval fishes. I submit that [1] early amphibians had no larvae and that several families of urodeles and one subfamily of anurans have retained direct development, [2] the tadpole larvae of anurans and urodeles were acquired separately from different Mesozoic adult tadpoles, and [3] the post-tadpole larvae of salamanders were acquired from adults of other urodeles. Reptiles, birds and mammals probably evolved from amphibians that never acquired larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: a Digital Tool to Increase The
    Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-171 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 21 July 2021 Science c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: A digital tool to increase the discoverability and usability of plankton time-series data Clare Ostle1*, Kevin Paxman1, Carolyn A. Graves2, Mathew Arnold1, Felipe Artigas3, Angus Atkinson4, Anaïs Aubert5, Malcolm Baptie6, Beth Bear7, Jacob Bedford8, Michael Best9, Eileen 5 Bresnan10, Rachel Brittain1, Derek Broughton1, Alexandre Budria5,11, Kathryn Cook12, Michelle Devlin7, George Graham1, Nick Halliday1, Pierre Hélaouët1, Marie Johansen13, David G. Johns1, Dan Lear1, Margarita Machairopoulou10, April McKinney14, Adam Mellor14, Alex Milligan7, Sophie Pitois7, Isabelle Rombouts5, Cordula Scherer15, Paul Tett16, Claire Widdicombe4, and Abigail McQuatters-Gollop8 1 10 The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. 2 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquacu∑lture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK. 3 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France. 4 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK. 5 15 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CRESCO, 38 UMS Patrinat, Dinard, France. 6 Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Angus Smith Building, Maxim 6, Parklands Avenue, Eurocentral, Holytown, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, UK. 7 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK. 8 Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK. 9 20 The Environment Agency, Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way, Peterborough, PE4 6HL, UK. 10 Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Variability of the Copepod Assemblages in the Northern Adriatic Sea from 1993 to 1997
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 74 (2007) 528e538 www.elsevier.com/locate/ecss Quantitative variability of the copepod assemblages in the northern Adriatic Sea from 1993 to 1997 Frano Krsˇinic´ a,*, Dubravka Bojanic´ b, Robert Precali c, Romina Kraus c a Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Split, Ivana Mesˇtrovic´a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia b Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia c RuCer Bosˇkovic´ Institute, Center for Marine Research, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia Received 25 January 2007; accepted 23 May 2007 Available online 20 July 2007 Abstract Quantitative variability of the copepod assemblages in the northern Adriatic Sea was investigated at two stations, during 43 cruises, from January 1993 to October 1997. Samples were taken at 0.5, 10, and 20 m, as well as near the bottom, using 5-l Niskin bottles. For inter-annual variation in the density of copepod assemblages data were presented as total number of nauplii and copepodites with adult copepods of the fol- lowing groups: Calanoida, Cyclopoida-oithonids, Cyclopoida-oncaeids and Harpacticoida. Moreover, hydrographic conditions, both fractions of phytoplankton, non-loricate ciliates and tintinnids were taken into consideration. Nauplii are the most numerous fraction at both stations with an average over 74% in the total number of all copepod groups. Their numbers were significantly higher at the western eutrophic station, while at the eastern oligotrophic station, an absolute maximum of 693 ind. lÀ1 was noted. The maximum values of calanoids and oithonids occur gen- erally during summer and these copepods are always more numerous at the western station: 33e50% and 50e63%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Sub-Regional Report On
    EP United Nations Environment UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG 359/Inf.10 Programme October 2010 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN Tenth Meeting of Focal Points for SPAs Marseille, France 17-20 May 2011 Sub-regional report on the “Identification of important ecosystem properties and assessment of ecological status and pressures to the Mediterranean marine and coastal biodiversity in the Adriatic Sea” PNUE CAR/ASP - Tunis, 2011 Note : The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. © 2011 United Nations Environment Programme 2011 Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Boulevard du leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 – 1080 Tunis Cedex E-mail : [email protected] The original version (English) of this document has been prepared for the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas by: Bayram ÖZTÜRK , RAC/SPA International consultant With the participation of: Daniel Cebrian. SAP BIO Programme officer (overall co-ordination and review) Atef Limam. RAC/SPA International consultant (overall co-ordination and review) Zamir Dedej, Pellumb Abeshi, Nehat Dragoti (Albania) Branko Vujicak, Tarik Kuposovic (Bosnia ad Herzegovina) Jasminka Radovic, Ivna Vuksic (Croatia) Lovrenc Lipej, Borut Mavric, Robert Turk (Slovenia) CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY NOTE ............................................................................................ 1 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 2 1. CONTEXT ..................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DÉFINI.4 2. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND AVAILABLE INFORMATION........................ 6 2.1. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS AND AVAILABLE INFORMATION ...................................... 6 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelagic Cnidarians in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (South Adriatic)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., UDC: 593.74: 574.583 (262.3.04) AADRAY 53(2): 291 - 302, 2012 (497.16 Boka Kotorska) “ 2009/2010” Pelagic cnidarians in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (South Adriatic) Branka PESTORIĆ*, Jasmina kRPO-ĆETkOVIĆ2, Barbara GANGAI3 and Davor LUČIĆ3 1Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 69, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro 2Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Planktonic cnidarians were investigated at six stations in the Boka Kotorska Bay from March 2009 to June 2010 by vertical hauls of plankton net from bottom to surface. In total, 12 species of hydromedusae and six species of siphonophores were found. With the exception of the instant blooms of Obelia spp. (341 ind. m-3 in December), hydromedusae were generally less frequent and abundant: their average and median values rarely exceed 1 ind. m-3. On the contrary, siphonophores were both frequent and abundant. The most numerous were Muggiaea kochi, Muggiaea atlantica, and Sphaeronectes gracilis. Their total number was highest during the spring-summer period with a maximum of 38 ind. m-3 observed in May 2009 and April 2010. M. atlantica dominated in the more eutrophicated inner area, while M. kochi was more numerous in the outer area, highly influenced by open sea waters. This study confirms a shift of dominant species within the coastal calycophores in the Adriatic Sea observed from 1996: autochthonous M.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians SERDP Project # CP-1251 Performing Organization: Brian R. Kreiser Department of Biological Sciences 118 College Drive #5018 University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 601-266-6556 [email protected] Date: 4/15/04 Revision #: ?? Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Acronyms ii List of Figures iv List of Tables vi Acknowledgements 1 Executive Summary 2 Background 2 Methods 2 Results 3 Conclusions 5 Transition Plan 5 Recommendations 6 Objective 7 Background 8 The Problem and Approach 8 Why cnidarians? 9 Indicators of ballast water exchange 9 Materials and Methods 11 Phase I. Specimens 11 DNA Isolation 11 Marker Identification 11 Taxa identifications 13 Phase II. Detection ability 13 Detection limits 14 Testing mixed samples 14 Phase III. 14 Results and Accomplishments 16 Phase I. Specimens 16 DNA Isolation 16 Marker Identification 16 Taxa identifications 17 i RFLPs of 16S rRNA 17 Phase II. Detection ability 18 Detection limits 19 Testing mixed samples 19 Phase III. DNA extractions 19 PCR results 20 Conclusions 21 Summary, utility and follow-on efforts 21 Economic feasibility 22 Transition plan 23 Recommendations 23 Literature Cited 24 Appendices A - Supporting Data 27 B - List of Technical Publications 50 ii List of Acronyms DGGE - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DMSO - dimethyl sulfoxide DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid ITS - internal transcribed spacer mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA PCR - polymerase chain reaction rRNA - ribosomal RNA - ribonucleic acid RFLPs - restriction fragment length polymorphisms SSCP - single strand conformation polymorphisms iii List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Gelatinous Zooplankton Assemblages Associated with Water Masses in The
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 210: 13–24, 2001 Published January 26 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Gelatinous zooplankton assemblages associated with water masses in the Humboldt Current System, and potential predatory impact by Bassia bassensis (Siphonophora: Calycophorae) F. Pagès1,*, H. E. González2, M. Ramón1, M. Sobarzo3, J.-M. Gili1 1Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Plaça del Mar s/n, 08039 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 2Instituto de Biología Marina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile 3Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile ABSTRACT: Large numbers of gelatinous zooplankton were collected off Mejillones Peninsula, Chile (Humboldt Current System) in January 1997 during an oceanographic cruise. The area was charac- terized by the mixing of 3 water masses and the development of coastal upwelling. Siphonophores were the predominant group at most of the stations and the calycophoran Bassia bassensis was over- whelmingly the most abundant species. Five group associations were distinguishable in relation to the water masses identified. Siphonophores were associated with Subtropical Surface Water, the ctenophore Pleurobrachia sp. with Subantarctic Water, the pelagic tunicate Salpa fusiformis with Equatorial Subsurface Water, an assemblage of all gelatinous groups with mixed waters, and a low occurrence of gelatinous groups with upwelled Equatorial Subsurface Water. Molluscs were the group least associated with any water mass. The potential percentage of small copepods removed by B. bassensis ranged between 2.9 and 69.3%. Our results indicate that B. bassensis was the most important secondary predator in the top 50 m of the water column, and could therefore have had a significant trophic impact on the population of small copepods off the Mejillones Peninsula during the sampling period, where small copepods constituted 80.6% of the total mesozooplankton community.
    [Show full text]
  • Iris Hendricks, Jan Marcin Węsławski , Paolo Magni, Chris Emblow, Fred
    MARBENA Creating a long term infrastructure for marine biodiversity research in the European Economic Area and the Newly Associated States. CONTRACT N°: EVR1-CT-2002-40029 Deliverable The status of European marine biodiversity research and potential extensions of the related network of institutes Iris Hendriks, Jan Marcin Węsławski , Ward Appeltans , Paolo Magni, Frederico Cardigos, Chris Emblow, Fred Buchholz, Alexandra Kraberg, Vesna Flander-Putrle , Damia Jaume, Carlos Duarte, Ricardo Serrão Santos, Carlo Heip, Herman Hummel, Pim van Avesaath PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR: Prof. Dr. Carlo Heip Netherlands-Institute of Ecology- Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology PARTNERS : 1. Netherlands Institute of Ecology Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology (NIOO-CEME) - The Netherlands 2. Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) - Belgium 3. Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR)- Portugal 4. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology - United Kingdom 5. Ecological consultancy Services Limited (EcoServe) - Ireland 6. Fundació Universitat-Empresa De Les Illes Balears (FUEIB) - Illes Balears, Spain 7. University of Oslo (UO) - Norway 8. Forshungsinstitut Senckenberg (SNG) - Germany 9. Instituto do Mar (IMAR), Center of IMAR of the University of the Azores - Portugal 10. National Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Department of Marine Ecology - Denmark 11. Institute of Marine Biology of Crete (IMBC) - Greece 12. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) - United Kingdom 13. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology (IOPAS) - Poland 14. Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarion Academy of sciences (IO BAS) - Bulgaria 15. National Institute of Biology (NIB) - Slovenia 16. Centro Marino Internazionale (IMC) - Italy 17. Estonian Marine Institute (MEI) - Estonia 18. Akvaplan-Niva AS and University Studies on Svalbard (AN/UNIS) - Norway 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles and Plankton
    Ocean Sci., 15, 1327–1340, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1327-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) to reveal biodiversity, behavior, and ecology of elusive oceanic fauna Henk-Jan Hoving1, Svenja Christiansen2, Eduard Fabrizius1, Helena Hauss1, Rainer Kiko1, Peter Linke1, Philipp Neitzel1, Uwe Piatkowski1, and Arne Körtzinger1,3 1GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany 2University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway 3Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany Correspondence: Henk-Jan Hoving ([email protected]) Received: 16 November 2018 – Discussion started: 10 December 2018 Revised: 11 June 2019 – Accepted: 17 June 2019 – Published: 7 October 2019 Abstract. There is a need for cost-efficient tools to explore 1 Introduction deep-ocean ecosystems to collect baseline biological obser- vations on pelagic fauna (zooplankton and nekton) and es- The open-ocean pelagic zones include the largest, yet least tablish the vertical ecological zonation in the deep sea. The explored habitats on the planet (Robison, 2004; Webb et Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) is a 3000 m al., 2010; Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2010). Since the first rated slowly (0.5 m s−1) towed camera system with LED il- oceanographic expeditions, oceanic communities of macro- lumination, an integrated oceanographic sensor set (CTD- zooplankton and micronekton have been sampled using nets O2) and telemetry allowing for online data acquisition and (Wiebe and Benfield, 2003). Such sampling has revealed a video inspection (low definition).
    [Show full text]
  • Tunicata 4 Alberto Stolfi and Federico D
    Tunicata 4 Alberto Stolfi and Federico D. Brown Chapter vignette artwork by Brigitte Baldrian. © Brigitte Baldrian and Andreas Wanninger. A. Stolfi Department of Biology , Center for Developmental Genetics, New York University , New York , NY , USA F. D. Brown (*) EvoDevo Laboratory, Departamento de Zoologia , Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil Evolutionary Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM) , Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) , San Pedro , Santa Elena , Ecuador e-mail: [email protected] A. Wanninger (ed.), Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6: Deuterostomia 135 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1856-6_4, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 [email protected] 136 A. Stolfi and F.D. Brown Above all , perhaps , I am indebted to a decidedly the phylogenetic relationships between the three vegetative , often beautiful , and generally obscure classes and many orders and families have yet to group of marine animals , both for their intrinsic interest and for the enjoyment I have had in search- be satisfactorily settled. Appendicularia, ing for them . N. J. Berrill (1955) Thaliacea, and Ascidiacea remain broadly used in textbooks and scientifi c literature as the three classes of tunicates; however, recent molecular INTRODUCTION phylogenies have provided support for the mono- phyly of only Appendicularia and Thaliacea, but Tunicates are a group of marine fi lter-feeding not of Ascidiacea (Swalla et al. 2000 ; animals1 that have been traditionally divided into Tsagkogeorga et al. 2009 ; Wada 1998 ). A para- three classes: (1) Appendicularia, also known as phyletic Ascidiacea calls for a reevaluation of larvaceans because their free-swimming and tunicate relationships.
    [Show full text]