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Published Version Article [Compte rendu de :] Révolution scientifique et libertinage / Alain Mothu et Antonella Del Prete. Turnhout : Brepols, 2000 WENGER, Alexandre Charles Reference WENGER, Alexandre Charles. [Compte rendu de :] Révolution scientifique et libertinage / Alain Mothu et Antonella Del Prete. Turnhout : Brepols, 2000. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 2000, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 416-417 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:85054 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 416 BOOK REVIEWS - Hist. Phil. Life Sei., 22 (2000), 413-447 giorgio Weber, Aspetti poco noti della storia dell'anatomia patologica tra '600 e '700. William Harvey - Marcello Malpighi - Antonio Cocchi - Giovanni Maria Lancisi. Verso Morgagni, (Accademia Toscana di Scienze e Lettere 'La Colombaria', 'Studi' CLXI), Firenze: Leo Olschki Editore, 1993, 172 pp., ITL 34.000. Il volume di Giorgio Weber rappresenta una piccola raccolta di brani e testi più ο meno lunghi, tratti da manoscritti, appunti e opuscoli meno noti ο di solito non presi in considerazione quando si parla della storia dell'anatomia patologica, ma proposti dall'autore come fonte d'ispirazione di Giovanni Battista Morgagni ο come 'protoanatomici', termine usato più tardi da Rudolf Virchow. L'intento di Weber è di fornire una chiave di lettura per l'opera di Morgagni e di 'comprendere lo sviluppo dell'Anatomia patologica durante la rivoluzione scientifica del '600 e '700'. Il libro inizia con un corpus di anatomia patologica di William Harvey, ricavato dai suoi appunti per lezioni e tradotto da Weber in italiano. Segue la prima edizione integrale di Observationes in cadaveribus sectis, un manoscritto di Marcello Malpighi, già parzialmente edito in versione latina da L. Münster e in italiano da Luigi Belloni. Aggiunte si trovano alcune osservazioni autopsiche malpighiane, finora omesse, due lettere di Lorenzo Bellini a Malpighi e il testo dell'autopsia del Malpighi nella relazione di Giorgio Baglivi. Il terzo autore è Antonio Cocchi, di cui Weber ha scoperto nella Biblioteca della Facoltà di Medicina di Firenze il manoscritto Adversaria anatomica, una raccolta di dati anatomici e reperti autopsici. L'ultima lettura proposta da Weber consiste in alcuni brevi brani, concernenti casi autopsici, tratti da De subitaneis mortibus, un opuscolo di Giovanni Maria Lancisi, amico romano di Morgagni, riprodotto qui nella terza edizione, quella voluta da Morgagni e uscito a Venezia nel 1708. ariane Dröscher, Stazione Zoologica Ά. Dohm', Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy. Révolution scientifique et libertinage, Etudes réunies par Alain Mothu, avec la collaboration d'antonella Del prete, Turnhout (Belgique): Brepols, 2000, 312 pp., sans indication de prix. Cet ouvrage réunit treize articles initialement destinés à un symposium (inabouti 'pour des raisons matérielles') sur 'Révolution scientifique et libertinage', proposé par Robert Halleux, dans le cadre du XXe Congrès international d'Histoire des Sciences, qui eut lieu à Liège en 1997. Le recueil, préfacé par Michel Blay, traite de ce que les hommes de sciences et les 'esprits déniaisés' partagent au XVIIe siècle où, comme le souligne Alain Mothu dans l'Avant-propos, 'il semble que l'on voie peu à peu s'instituer un nouveau régime de la raison dans sa globalité - celui-là même dont on dit qu'il caractérisera les Lumières'. La volonté affichée de transcender les frontières de la science et du libertinage érudit pouvait sembler ambitieuse, tant est vaste ce que recouvrent ces deux termes, et difficiles leurs définitions respectives. Plus encore, la notion controversée de 'révolution scientifique' forme un cadre problématique; à tel point d'ailleurs qu'elle n'apparaît pratiquement pas de tout le livre. Devant ces prémisses mouvantes, chaque article propose une démarche originale: ainsi, par une solide analyse de la traduction de la cosmologie de Giordano Bruno par Marin Mersenne, Antonella Del Prete explore les possibilités de cohabitation des vérités scientifique et théologique. Dans une optique analogue, les études de Dominique Descotes et Bertram Eugene Schwarzbach traitent des rapports entre l'argumentation scientifique et la This content downloaded from 129.194.8.6 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 17:52:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms BOOK REVIEWS - Hist. Phil. Life Sei., 22 (2000), 413-447 417 métaphysique religieuse. La démonstration convaincante d'Alain Mothu enquéte sur le Statut de 'clé d'intelligibilité de la Création' des mathématiques au XVIIe siècle pour éclairer le complexe rapport entre mathématiciens et apologétistes. Alain Niderst s'interroge sur les possibles influences du libertinage sur le fontenellisme, tandis que Didier Kahn explore les collusions entre irréligion et alchimie à partir d'une recette visant à transformer le pain en sang. Si certains auteurs partent d'une acception consensuale du libertinage (ou libertinisme), d'autres en revisitent la définition. C'est le cas d' Armand Beaulieu, au travers d'un portrait de Marin Mersenne; tei est aussi le cas de Giovanni Ruocco qui définit une 'raison libertine' à propos de La Mothe le Vayer, ou encore de Richard H. Popkin, qui analyse un 'scepticisme constructif (ou mitigé)' qui 'séparé la science empirique de la métaphysique'. Les sujet sont souvent traités de manière novatrice et stimulante. Isabelle Pantin, qui s'interroge sur les rapports de Galilée avec l'Eglise de son temps, intègre dans sa réflexion tant des questions de stratégies éditoriales que des considérations sur la formation du mythe galiléen. Ann Thomson, quant à elle, dans son exceliente contribution, montre comment, au fil d'emprunts mutuels et de références échangées, certaines explications de l'äme matérielle se sont progressivement échafaudées chez les médecins. On peut dès lors regretter que Francois De Graux ait noyé sa réflexion sur la génération spontanée de l'homme sous une inutile pléthore de citations et que Vincent Jullien, se penchant sur la conception de la matière chez Roberval, se perde dans une recherche ardue et non-exempte de contradictions. Malgré l'exercice rendu difficile par le flou des notions directrices, le recueil débouche sur des analyses serrées et érudites. Il en résulte des approches novatrices et stimulantes sur certaines grandes questions de la pensée classique, telles que l'Infini, la liberté humaine ou le Statut épistémologique de la connaissance de la Vérité. C'est alors tout un champ d'investigations, dynamique et fécond, qui s'ouvre par l'adoption d'une perspective éminemment interdisciplinaire. Les situations sont rendues à la complexité que nos divisions disciplinaires leur avaient òtée. L'ampleur du sujet interdisant toute possibilité d'exhaustivité thématique, c'est finalement dans sa démonstration méthodologique qu'il faut retenir la Ιβςοη de ce livre. La progression des savoirs ne peut étre enfermée dans une vision univoque; elle ne s'appréhende qu'au sein de réseaux institutionnels, d'échanges permanents entre lettrés et par une polyphonie de disciplines. Dans cette conviction partagée s'opère l'unité du livre entier. alexandre Wenger, Louis }eantet Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Francois DuCHESNEALI, Les modèles du vivant de Descartes à Leibniz, Paris: Vrin, 1998, 402 pp„ FFR 180.00. Quando nel 1982 Frangois Duchesneau dava alle stampe il poderoso saggio, ormai divenuto un classico, consacrato alla Physiologie des Lumières dedicava il primo capitolo della sua pregnante analisi della fisiologia del XVIII secolo a Stahl, il medico tedesco che, nel tentativo di sfuggire alle maglie della iatrofisica, la quale proprio nella sua Halle era abbracciata dal collega Friedrich Hoffmann, contrapponeva al concetto di meccanismo quello di organismo, reinterpretando la nozione di causalità in chiave finalistica. Poche pagine oltre un capitolo su Leibniz, fra l'altro interlocutore dello stesso Stahl, riprendeva e approfondiva l'argomento. This content downloaded from 129.194.8.6 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 17:52:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms.
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