— Rethinking Nature in Contemporary Japan Science, Economics, Politics
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IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN IN RETHINKING NATURE Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies 1 History and Society 1 — Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan R MIYAKE, MARIOTTI, EVELANT Science, economics, politics edited by Marcella Mariotti, Toshio Miyake, Andrea Revelant Edizioni Ca’Foscari 1 Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies History and Society Collana diretta da Paolo Calvetti, Massimo Raveri Bonaventura Ruperti, Guido Samarani 1 | 1 Edizioni Ca’Foscari Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies History and Society General scientific editors History and Society sub-series: Guido Samarani (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Arts and Literature sub-series: Bonaventura Ruperti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Religion and Thought sub-series: Massimo Raveri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Linguistics and Language Education sub-series: Paolo Calvetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Scientific committee History and Society sub-series: Kimio Ito¯ (Kyoto University, Japan) Toshio Miyake (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Andrea Revelant (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Steffi Richter (Universität Leipzig, Deutschland) Sven Saaler (Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan) Arts and Literature sub-series: Tomoko Aoyama (The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) Jaque- line Berndt (Kyoto Seika University, Japan) Luisa Bienati (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Caterina Mazza (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Carolina Negri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Andreas Regelsberger (Universität Trier, Deutschland) Silvia Vesco (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Pierantonio Zanotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Religion and Thought sub-series: Andrea De Antoni (Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan) Federico Marcon (Princeton University, USA) Tatsuma Padoan (SOAS, University of London, UK) Linguistics and Language Education sub-series: Patrick Heinrich (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Hideo Hosokawa (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) Kikuo Maekawa (National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Tokyo, Japan) Marcella Mariotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Barbara Pizziconi (SOAS, University of London, UK) Aldo Tollini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Editorial review board Sonia Favi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Claudia Iazzetta (Università di Napoli «L’Orientale», Italia) Daniela Moro (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Executive coordinator Marcella Mariotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Head office Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia e sull’Africa Mediterranea Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Palazzo Vendramin dei Carmini Dorsoduro 3462 30123 Venezia Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan Science, economics, politics edited by Marcella Mariotti, Toshio Miyake, Andrea Revelant Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2014 Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan: Science, economics, politics Marcella Mariotti, Toshio Miyake, Andrea Revelant (eds.). © 2014 Marcella Mariotti, Toshio Miyake, Andrea Revelant © 2014 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing per la presente edizione Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o mecca- nico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3246 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ [email protected] 1a edizione ottobre 2014 ISBN 978-88-97735-75-5 (pdf) ISBN 978-88-97735-76-2 (stampa) Il volume è stato pubblicato grazie alla collaborazione di | The book has been published with the support of: Progetto grafico di copertina: Studio Girardi, Venezia | Edizioni Ca’ Foscari Progetto grafico del logo «Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies»: Marco Tecco Certificazione scientifica delle Opere pubblicate da Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: tutti i saggi pubblicati hanno ottenuto il parere favorevole da parte di valutatori esperti della materia, attraverso un processo di revisione anonima sotto la responsabilità del Comitato scientifico della collana. La valutazione è stata condotta in aderenza ai criteri scientifici ed editoriali di Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. Scientific certification of the works published by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing: all essays published in this volume have received a favourable opinion by subject-matter ex- perts, through an anonymous peer review process under the responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the series. The evaluations were conducted in adherence to the scientific and editorial criteria established by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. Summary Preface 7 Introduction 9 Tomohiro Ichinose Sustainable reconstruction in rural areas of Japan after the disaster on 11 March 2011 13 Shun’ya Yoshimi Atoms for a dream Holding the American umbrella in the driving atomic rain 25 Hirofumi Utsumi Rethinking purposive consciousness An analysis of sceptical fanaticism after Fukushima 39 Ko¯ichi Hasegawa Rethinking civil society in Japan Before and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster 55 Toshio Miyake Popularising the nuclear Mangaesque convergence in post-war Japan 71 Katarzyna J. Cwiertka From malnutrition to radiation Reviewing food security and food safety in Japan (1945-2013) 95 Hugo Dobson Japan at the Summit Energy, climate change and a ‘Gaggle of Gs’ 103 Daniel P. Aldrich Top down versus bottom up Post-crisis Japanese nuclear policy 119 Andrew DeWit Can Japan build resilience in the face of climate change? 133 Analytic index 159 Preface The present volume inaugurates the series Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies, which aims to provide an open-access venue for peer-reviewed research in this field. The collection will cover Ancient to Contemporary Japan with a multidisciplinary approach and is divided into the following four sub- series: Arts and Literature, History and Society, Religion and Thought, Linguistics and Language Education. This organisation mirrors the cur- rent diversity of research interests at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, a lagoon city boasting a long tradition as one of the oldest centres for Japanese Studies in Italy as well as home to medieval traveller Marco Polo, the very first to introduce the exotic image of Zipangu (or Japan) to European imagery. The first direct contacts between Venice and Japan date to 1585, when Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano sent a Japanese embassy to Eu- rope, but it was in 1873, when the Iwakura Mission reached the city, that the first Japanese Language course was held at Ca’ Foscari, or, as it was known at the time, the Royal School for Advanced Studies on Trade. Teach- ing and research on Japan became permanent since the 1960s thanks to Rector Italo Siciliano (1895-1980), who introduced a Course in East Asian Languages and Literatures in the academic year 1964-1965 (Boscaro 2004)1 which was attended by thirteen freshmen. Since then, a wide range of Japan-related courses offered at Ca’ Foscari University have gradually attracted more and more students, establishing Venice as the most impor- tant centre for Japanese Studies in Italy, with more than 1800 B.A. and M.A. students in Japanese Language and Culture in the A.Y. 2012-2013. Thanks to such records, the Department for Asian and North African Stud- ies of Ca’ Foscari has received research funds from the Japan Foundation for international conferences, professor exchanges and staff expansion since the mid-Seventies, and has become one of the Japan Foundation’s Centres of Excellence in Europe since 2008. The present volume owes most of its contributions to the debates in which many of its authors were engaged during and after the international conference Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan: Science, economics, politics held in 2013 at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, as part of the three year research project Rethinking nature: Facing the crisis in contemporary Japan (2012-2014) funded by the Japan Foundation, to whom the editors are very grateful. It is no secret that the underlying premise of the broader 1 Boscaro, Adriana (2004). «Gli studi giapponesi a Venezia» (Japanese Studies in Venice). In: Tamburello, Adolfo (ed.), Italia-Giappone: 450 anni (Italy-Japan: 450 years), vol. 2. Roma; Napoli: Istituto Italiano per l’A frica e l’Oriente; Università degli Studi di Napoli «L’Orientale», pp. 674-678. 7 Rethinking nature in contemporary Japan: Science, economics, politics research project has been the deeply felt sense of urgency provoked by the tragic events of 3/11 in Japan. In the immediate aftermath of the triple dis- aster this led to a spontaneous response of solidarity, shared by all teachers and students of Japanese Studies at Ca’ Foscari, who jointly organised the first charity event ever held in the courtyard of the university, attended by thousands of Venetian residents (10 April 2011); but it also stimulated many questions from those wishing to understand what happened, how and why it happened, as well as its present and future implications, resulting in two conferences (2011, 2012) which brought together scholars, journalists, students and volunteers.2 2 For more detailed information, photos and media coverage about the charity events and conferences ‘Ca Foscari per il Giappone’ organised in Venice