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LAND at RIDGECOMBE FARM LIFTON DEVON

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LAND at RIDGECOMBE FARM LIFTON DEVON LAND at RIDGECOMBE FARM LIFTON DEVON Results of a Geophysical Survey, Walkover Survey, Archaeological Evaluation & Historic Visual Impact Assessment The Old Dairy Hacche Lane Business Park Pathfields Business Park South Molton Devon EX36 3LH Tel: 01769 573555 Email: [email protected] Report No.: 140523 Date: 23/05/2014 Authors: S.H. Walls E. Wapshott J. Bampton D. Laing-Trengove Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon Land at Ridgecombe Farm Lifton, Devon Results of a Geophysical Survey, Walkover Survey, Archaeological Evaluation & Historic Visual Impact Assessment For Nick Leaney of Aardvark Environmental Matters By SWARCH project reference: LRF14 OS Map copying Licence No: 100044808 National Grid Reference: 240425.83929 Planning Application Ref: 00718/2014 Project Director: Colin Humphreys Fieldwork Managers: Dr. Bryn Morris Project Officer: Dr. Bryn Morris Research: Deb Laing-Trengove Fieldwork: Emily Wapshott Evaluation: Joseph Bampton Desk-Based Assessment: Deb Laing-Trengove; Dr. Samuel Walls Report: Dr. Samuel Walls; Emily Wapshott; Joseph Bampton; Deb Laing-Trengove Report Editing: Natalie Boyd; Dr. Samuel Walls Graphics: Dr. Samuel Walls; Joseph Bampton May 2014 South West Archaeology Ltd. shall retain the copyright of any commissioned reports, tender documents or other project documents, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved, excepting that it hereby provides an exclusive licence to the client for the use of such documents by the client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Written Scheme of Investigation. South West Archaeology Ltd. 2 Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon Summary This report presents the results of an archaeological evaluation and historic visual impact assessment carried out by South West Archaeology Ltd. (SWARCH) at Ridgecombe Farm Lifton, Devon. The proposed turbine would be located in a field immediately north of a known prehistoric earthwork and cropmark enclosure; despite this the features identified in the geophysical survey appear to relate to removed field-boundaries, possibly from two different phases. The archaeological evaluation revealed an undated ditch on a different alignment to the existing field system as identified on the geophysical survey. A remnant soil, cut by this ditch, which respects the gently undulating ridge described below was also identified. In terms of the wider landscape, the site is located on a north-east facing slope, below the summit of a gently undulating east-west orientated ridge. This landscape is relatively open and exposed, and any tall vertical element will be highly visible, although local blocking will often apply. Most of the designated heritage assets in the wider area are located at such a distance to minimise the impact of the proposed turbine, or else the contribution of setting to overall significance is less important than other factors. Many of the buildings and monuments would be partly or wholly insulated from the effects of the proposed turbine by a combination of local blocking and the topography. However, the presence of a new, modern and visually intrusive vertical element in the landscape would impinge on a large number of heritage assets (negative/minor), even though only a small number would be more seriously affected (negative/moderate), these are; the Church of St Mary at Marystowe; Werrington Park House; Whitely, Lifton and Sydenham House, Marystowe. The Church of St Mary at Lifton will be the asset most seriously affected (negative/moderate to negative/substantial). The cumulative impact of wind turbines in this landscape should also be considered, although in this instance only the assets within the village of Lifton are likely to be impinged by a cumulative effect. With this in mind, the overall impact of the proposed turbine can be assessed as negative/minor to negative/moderate. The impact of the development on the buried archaeological resource will be permanent/irreversible. South West Archaeology Ltd. 3 Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon Contents Page No. Summary 3 List of Figures 6 List of Appendices 6 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Topographical and Geological Background 7 1.3 Historical Background 7 1.4 Archaeological Background 7 1.5 Methodology 8 2. Results of the Desk-based Assessment 10 2.1 Documentary History 10 2.2 The 1806 Ordnance Survey Surveyor’s Draft 10 2.3 The 1840 Lifton Tithe Map 11 2.4 The Ordnance Survey 1st Edition Map of 1890 12 2.5 Later Maps 13 3. Site Inspection and Archaeological Background 14 3.1 Site Inspection 14 3.2 Archaeological Background 15 3.3 Assessment of Impact 16 4. Results of the Geophysical Survey 17 4.1 Interpretation 17 4.2 Conclusion 18 5. Results of Archaeological Evaluation 19 5.1 Trench 1 19 5.1.1 Description 19 5.2 Trench 2 22 5.2.1 Description 22 5.3 Finds 22 5.4 Discussion & conclusions of archaeological evaluation 26 6. Visual Impact Assessment 27 6.1 National Policy 27 South West Archaeology Ltd. 4 Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon 6.2 Likely Impacts of the Proposed Development 27 6.2.1 Types and Scale of Impact 27 6.2.2 Scale and Duration of Impact 27 6.2.3 Statements of Significance of Heritage Assets 28 6.3 Methodology 30 6.3.1 The Sinclair-Thomas Matrix 32 6.4 Results of the Viewshed Analysis 33 6.5 Field Verification of ZTV 34 6.6 Impact by Class of Monument/Structure 36 6.6.1 Listed Structures: Farm Buildings 36 6.6.2 Lesser Gentry Seats and Manorial sites 41 6.6.3 Listed structures within Historic Settlements 42 6.6.4 Listed Structures: Churches and pre-Reformation Chapels 45 6.6.5 Miscellaneous Listed/Scheduled Buildings and Structures 50 6.6.6 Scheduled Monuments: Prehistoric Ritual/Funerary Monuments 51 6.6.7 Scheduled Monuments: Fortifications 52 6.6.8 Scheduled Monuments: Settlement Sites 54 6.6.9 Registered Parks and Gardens 55 6.6.10 Historic Landscape 56 6.7 Summary of the Evidence 57 7. Conclusions 61 7.1 Discussion and Conclusion 61 8. Bibliography & References 62 South West Archaeology Ltd. 5 Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon List of Figures Page No. Cover plate: View from turbine site to the adjacent field; from the south-west. Figure 1: Site location. 8 Figure 2: The 1806 Ordnance Survey surveyor’s draft map. 11 Figure 3: Extract from the 1840 Lifton tithe map. 12 Figure 4: Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition Map of 1890. 13 Figure 5: Map of nearby heritage assests. 15 Figure 6: Colour plot of the gradiometer data. 17 Figure 7: Interpretation plot. 18 Figure 8: Ditch [104], viewed from south-west (1m scale). 20 Figure 9: Section, north end Trench 1, viewed from east (1m scale). 20 Figure 10: Section, south end Trench 1, viewed from west (1m scale). 20 Figure 11: Section, middle Trench 1, viewed from west (1m scale). 21 Figure 12: Trench1, post-excavation, viewed from south (2m scale). 21 Figure 13: Ditch [204], viewed from south (2m scale). 21 Figure 14: Section, north-west end Trench 2, viewed from south-west (1m scale). 22 Figure 15: Section, south-east end Trench 2, viewed from south-west (1m scale). 22 Figure 16: Trench locations, showing results of geophysical survey. 23 Figure 17: Plan and section drawings of Trench 1. 24 Figure 18: Plan and section drawings of Trench 2. 25 Figure 19: Distribution of designated heritage assets within the ZTV (to tip) out to 10km. 33 Figure 20: Distribution of designated heritage assets, related to the Sinclair-Thomas Matrix. 34 Figure 21: Distribution of protected landscapes within the ZTV (to tip). 35 Figure 22: Photomontage and existing view from Brent Tor. 49 Figure 23: Map of cumulative impact within 20km (courtesy of Landscape Visual Ltd). 57 List of Appendices Appendix 1: Project Design 63 Appendix 2: Project Design (for Evaluation) 65 Appendix 3: Key Heritage Assets 67 Appendix 4: Supporting Jpegs 103 Appendix 5: Context List 130 Appendix 6: Finds Concordance 130 Appendix 7: List of Jpegs from Archaeological Evaluation 131 Acknowledgements Thanks for assistance are due to: Mr. Nick Leaney and Kirsty Gibson of Aardvark Environmental Matters Ltd. Mrs Jo Maynard, for access Mr. Angus Jeffery of Landscape Visual Ltd. Bill Horner and The Staff of the Devon County Historic Environment Service The Staff of the Devon Record Office South West Archaeology Ltd. 6 Land at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon 1. Introduction Location: Ridgecombe Farm Parish: Lifton County: Devon NGR: 240425.83929 1.1 Project Background This report presents the results of a desk-based assessment, geophysical survey, walkover survey and historic visual impact assessment carried out by South West Archaeology Ltd. (SWARCH) at Ridgecombe Farm, Lifton, Devon (Figure 1). The work was commissioned by Nick Leaney of Aardvark Environmental Matters in order to identify any heritage assets in the wider area that might be affected by the installation of a single 500kW wind turbine. 1.2 Topographical and Geological Background The location of the proposed turbine is a field c.500m south-east of Ridgecombe Farm (see Figure 1). The proposed turbine would be positioned on a south facing slope, close to the top of a ridgeline at approximately 177m AOD. The fields slope down towards the north-east with intermittent ridges and plateaux. The soils of this area are the well-drained fine loamy soils of the Denbigh 2 Association (SSEW 1983). These overlie the chert bedrock of the Teign Chert Formation (BGS 2013). 1.3 Historical Background Ridgecombe lies within the eastern portion of the parish of Lifton, which is situated about four miles from Launceston, on the western border of Devon. This parish lies in the Hundred of Lifton and Deanery of Tavistock.
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