Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Caddisfly Larvae in Two Lowland

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Caddisfly Larvae in Two Lowland spatial and temporal distribution of caddisfly larvae in two lowland streams in the netherlands (trichoptera) Rob Franken, Bert Klutman & David Tempelman Caddisflies are a species rich insect order. The adults are moth-like, but their wings bear hairs instead of scales. The larvae are aquatic and live in self-constructed cases, made of plant material, sand or debris. The species are used as indicators of water quality, but much is still not known about their biology and ecology. In this paper the preferred substrates and phenology of the larvae of 13 species are described, using the data of a survey of two lowland streams in the east of the Netherlands. caddisfly species distributions in streams, along introduction with temperature, current velocity, food (size) and Streams are heterogeneous environments, both dissolved oxygen. spatially and temporally. The spatial distribution of aquatic invertebrates is in part determined by Temperature affects the development, and at habitat conditions, such as substrate composition, temperate latitudes most caddisflies complete a oxygen availability and current velocity. Temporal single generation in the course of one year. Food variation in species abundance is to a large extent resources probably affect the number of cohorts, caused by seasonal changes in the physical and and seasonal differences in growth periods may chemical environment (e.g. temperature, discharge expose coexisting species to different food re- and the availability of food resources). sources, whereas differences in flight period may result from seasonal growth periods or diapause So far, not much is known about the preferences (Mackay & Wiggins 1979, Wiggins 2004). of caddisfly larvae for substrates within the aquatic habitats or the periods of the year when larvae can be found. There is a need for more information on species distributions in general (Higler 2008b). Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are holometabolous insects (fig. 1-3) with an aquatic larval stage (fig. 4-6). The larvae secrete silk to construct a diverse array of portable cases, fixed shelters, filter nets and cocoons (Wiggins 2004). The cases are constructed from mineral grains and vegetation fragments and have different func- tions, such as to meet respiratory needs (Williams et al. 1987), providing protection from predators (Otto & Johansson 1995) and resisting flow induced dislodgement (Waringer 1993). As all Figure 1. Anabolia nervosa, larva in case (Woudhuizer- species need a case in order to reach the pupal mark, The Netherlands). Photo David Tempelman. stadium (Mackay & Wiggins 1979), substrate Figuur 1. Anabolia nervosa, larve in koker (Woud- composition is one of the major factors in huizermark). Photo David Tempelman. franken et al. ‒ spatial and temporal distribution of caddisfly larvae 81 NFM42 (13) 081-094 Franken et al.indd 81 12-06-14 10:58 Figure 2. Anabolia nervosa, adult in the field (Smalwater, The Netherlands). Photo David Tempelman. Figuur 2. Anabolia nervosa, adult in het veld (Smalwater). Foto David Tempelman. Figure 3. Hydropsyche angustipennis, larva (Anserbeek, The Netherlands). Photo David Tempelman. Figuur 3. Hydropsyche angustipennis, larve (Anserbeek). Foto David Tempelman. Figure 4. Hydropsyche angustipennis, adult resting on a leaf along a stream (Kleine Aa, Noord-Brabant, The Nether- lands). Photo David Tempelman. Figuur 4. Hydropsyche angustipennis, adult rustend op een blad langs een beek (Kleine Aa, Noord-Brabant). Foto David Tempelman. Figure 5. Limnephilus lunatus, larva in case (sand pit, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands). Photo David Tempelman. Figuur 5. Limnephilus lunatus, larve in koker (zandwinplas Hoogeveen). Foto David Tempel- man. 82 e 42 ‒ 2014 NFM42 (13) 081-094 Franken et al.indd 82 12-06-14 10:58 Figure 6. Limnephilus lunatus, adult in the field (Berkheide, The Netherlands). Photo Casper Zuyderduyn. Figuur 6. Limnephilus lunatus, adult in het veld (Berkheide). Foto Casper Zuyderduyn In the Netherlands, most caddisfly species inhabit streams. Most information on larval distributions is based on routine sampling (often a single composite sample, once a year) by Water Boards (Higler 2005, 2008a). The results which are pre- sented here are part of a study in which the spatial and temporal variation in invertebrate communi- ties in two streams (Boven Slinge, Bekendelle and the Ramsbeek) were quantified at the scale of the mesohabitat, with intensive sampling (Franken & Klutman, in prep.). Mesohabitats are distinct patches of contrasting structure which describe the variability in a stream (Maddock 1999). Addition- ally, ecological, distributional and phenologic notes are included for each species. These are based on Higler (2008a), personal observations by the third author and waarneming.nl. The aim of this paper is to present new information on the ecology of a number of caddisfly species. Figure 7. Location of the sampling sites. Figuur 7. Locatie van de monsterpunten. materials and methods The sampling site (fig. 7) at the Boven Slinge (51.942º, 6.694º) is situated in nature reserve of this paper called fine detritus), banks, pool Bekendelle, which is one of the few swamp forests (deep with low current), riffle (shallow with fast in the Netherlands. The sampled section of this current) and dead wood. The sampled section of lowland stream meanders freely and is character- the Ramsbeek (52.087º, 6.692º) has been restored ised by pulsed discharges as a result of the imper- in 2010. The stream has been placed back to its meable clay layers of the surrounding area. The old course, the bed level was raised and small highest peak discharge during this study was 6.17 meanders were created. It is a half-open channel, m3/s (12-month average = 0.65 ± 0.93 (sd) m3/s with only trees at the west side, and high banks. (continued measurements, approximately 800 me- Sampled mesohabitats were sand, vegetation and ters upstream). Sampled mesohabitats (described fine detritus. In-stream vegetation cover was high by the major substrate type) were sand, vegetation, (30-40 %) at the Ramsbeek in summer, whereas at fine particulate organic matter (fpom, in the rest the Boven Slinge it was less than 5 %. franken et al. ‒ spatial and temporal distribution of caddisfly larvae 83 NFM42 (13) 081-094 Franken et al.indd 83 12-06-14 10:58 All mesohabitats were sampled monthly for Table 1. Caddisfly species caught and the number per 12 months from September 2012 until August stream. 2013 in both streams, except for banks and Tabel 1. Gevangen kokerjuffersoorten met het aantal vegetation in September 2012 at the Boven Slinge. per beek. Invertebrates were sampled by sweeping a D-frame hand-net (500 µm mesh, 30 × 20 cm). Species Boven Rams- In every sample, the length from which a sample Slinge beek was taken was recorded. Due to the nature of Anabolia nervosa 1335 79 the sampled habitat, which varies a lot over the Athripsodes aterrimus - 10 stretches which where sampled, they should be Athripsodes cinereus 52 - considered semi-quantitative. Dead wood and Beraeodes minutus 1 - aquatic vegetation, however, were hand-picked. Cyrnus trimaculatus 36 - For comparison among mesohabitats, they were Glyphotaelius pellucidus 97 - expressed as a sweep sample. Samples were Halesus radiatus 142 7 sorted at the same day and preserved in 80 % Hydropsyche angustipennis 637 19 ethanol. Hydropsyche pellucidula 28 - Hydroptila 1 3 Ironoquia dubia 11 15 description of mesohabitats Limnephilus extricatus - 4 Mesohabitat sand consisted of bare sand with Limnephilus flavicornis 3 1 some organic debris only. Dead wood was made Limnephilus lunatus 82 182 up of woody litter like large branches and tree Limnephilus rhombicus 85 2 trunks which were collected from the stream bed. Lype reducta 251 - Fine detritus on sand, was mainly collected at the Molanna angustata 2 24 shallow edges. Riffle substrates consisted of coarse Mystacides azurea 12 - sand and fine gravel, along with coarse organic Mystacides longicornis 7 1 matter and twigs, whereas pool substrates Mystacides niger 20 43 consisted of sand covered by a layer of particulate Oecetis ochracea - 1 organic matter. The aquatic vegetation of the Phryganea bipunctata 1 2 Boven Slinge is dominated by Sparganium Phryganea grandis - 1 emersum and some Agrostis stolonifera. The Rams- Potamophylax rotundipennis 249 2 beek is dominated by Callitriche obtusangula and Tinodes waeneri 7 - some Lemna minor and Elodea nuttallii. results individuals was > 50. Vegetation and banks might In total 22 caddisfly species were collected at the be underestimated as macroinvertebrates were not Boven Slinge and 18 at the Ramsbeek (table 1). sampled in September 2012. However, most The caddisfly larvae made up 11 % (Boven species had a low abundance in autumn or in Slinge) and 4 % (Ramsbeek) of the number these mesohabitats, except for Potamophylax of individuals caught. Pie charts with the rotundipennis in banks and Hydropsyche distribution over the mesohabitats were only angustipennis in vegetation and Limnephilus generated for species of which more than 20 indi- rhombicus in both banks and vegetation. viduals were collected throughout the study, in a For some species a distinction was made between single stream. Temporal variation in species early and later instars, as apparent differences in abundance is only shown when then number of spatial distribution were observed. 84 e 42 ‒ 2014 NFM42 (13) 081-094 Franken et al.indd 84 12-06-14 10:58 Anabolia nervosa adult mainly in summer (May-September). The species can be observed flying in groups just In both streams (fig. 8, 9) larvae of A. nervosa before sunset, in an up and down courtship Curtis, 1834 (fig.1, family Limnephilidae) were display. It is attracted to at light; most individuals most abundant in fine detritus (46 and 73 %, are found just after dusk. respectively), and also in the pool at Boven Slinge (21 %, fig. 8). Cases were stronger (larger pieces of woody debris) in the riffle, when compared to Cyrnus trimaculatus those in fine detritus and the pool (pers. obs. Rob Franken), which is probably a result of the sorting Larvae of C.
Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Nurita Y Amiguitos
    Graellsia, 60(1): 41-69 (2004) TRICHOPTERA (INSECTA) COLLECTED IN MEDITERRANEAN RIVER BASINS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: TAXONOMIC REMARKS AND NOTES ON ECOLOGY N. Bonada*, C. Zamora-Muñoz**, M. Rieradevall* and N. Prat * ABSTRACT As a result of the GUADALMED project, which was performed in Iberian Mediterranean basins, together with samples taken by the junior author in the area, we collected numerous cad- disfly larvae, pupae and adults. Some larvae were also reared in the lab to obtain adults and allow proper identification. A total of 90 species were identified, which accounts for more than a fourth of the species known in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Here we confirm the presence of doubtful species in the Iberian Peninsula (Glyphotaelius pellucidus) and we expand the distribution range of others (Lype reducta, Micrasema minimum, Limnephilus gua- darramicus, Sericostoma pyrenaicum). Moreover, because of the unconformity of morphologi- cal larval characteristics with present taxonomical keys (Mesophylax aspersus) or lack of larvae descriptions (Allogamus mortoni, Stenophylax espanioli), here we include some relevant taxo- nomical aspects that are useful to identify larvae. A brief description of the larva of a possible new species of Hydropsyche (from now on H. gr. instabilis) is also given. Key words: Trichoptera, Mediterranean rivers, Iberian Peninsula, Faunistics, Taxonomy, Ecology. RESUMEN Los tricópteros (Insecta) recolectados en las cuencas mediterráneas españolas: notas taxonómicas y requerimientos ecológicos Como resultado de los estudios realizados en el proyecto GUADALMED en las cuencas de los ríos mediterráneos peninsulares y otros muestreos realizados por la primera autora del tra- bajo se han recolectado numerosas larvas, pupas y adultos de tricópteros.
    [Show full text]
  • UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
    Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    Ecologica Montenegrina 44: 69-95 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.44.10 Biodiversity, DNA barcoding data and ecological traits of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) in the catchment area of the Mediterranean karst River Cetina (Croatia) IVAN VUČKOVIĆ1*, MLADEN KUČINIĆ2**, ANĐELA ĆUKUŠIĆ3, MARIJANA VUKOVIĆ4, RENATA ĆUK5, SVJETLANA STANIĆ-KOŠTROMAN6, DARKO CERJANEC7 & MLADEN PLANTAK1 1Elektroprojekt d.d., Civil and Architectural Engineering Department, Section of Ecology, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mails:[email protected]; [email protected] 2Department of Biology (Laboratory for Entomology), Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Radnička cesta 80/7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected] 4Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected] 5Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail:[email protected] 6Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. E-mail: [email protected] 7Primary School Barilović, Barilović 96, 47252 Barilović and Primary School Netretić, Netretić 1, 47271 E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected] **Equally contributing author Received 2 June 2021 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 19 July 2021 │ Published online 2 August 2021. Abstract The environmental and faunistic research conducted included defining the composition and distribution of caddisflies collected using ultraviolet (UV) light trap at 11 stations along the Cetina River, from the spring to the mouth, and also along its tributaries the Ruda River and the Grab River with two sampling stations each, and the Rumin River with one station.
    [Show full text]
  • (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Western North America By
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robert W. Wisseman for the degree of Master ofScience in Entomology presented on August 6, 1987 Title: Biology and Distribution of the Dicosmoecinae (Trichoptera: Limnsphilidae) in Western North America Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: N. H. Anderson Literature and museum records have been reviewed to provide a summary on the distribution, habitat associations and biology of six western North American Dicosmoecinae genera and the single eastern North American genus, Ironoquia. Results of this survey are presented and discussed for Allocosmoecus,Amphicosmoecus and Ecclisomvia. Field studies were conducted in western Oregon on the life-histories of four species, Dicosmoecusatripes, D. failvipes, Onocosmoecus unicolor andEcclisocosmoecus scvlla. Although there are similarities between generain the general habitat requirements, the differences or variability is such that we cannot generalize to a "typical" dicosmoecine life-history strategy. A common thread for the subfamily is the association with cool, montane streams. However, within this stream category habitat associations range from semi-aquatic, through first-order specialists, to river inhabitants. In feeding habits most species are omnivorous, but they range from being primarilydetritivorous to algal grazers. The seasonal occurrence of the various life stages and voltinism patterns are also variable. Larvae show inter- and intraspecificsegregation in the utilization of food resources and microhabitatsin streams. Larval life-history patterns appear to be closely linked to seasonal regimes in stream discharge. A functional role for the various types of case architecture seen between and within species is examined. Manipulation of case architecture appears to enable efficient utilization of a changing seasonal pattern of microhabitats and food resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Trade-Offs and Resource Allocation in Caddis Flies
    Stevens, David J. (2000) Developmental trade-offs and resource allocation in caddis flies. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3764/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Developmental Trade-Offs and Resource Allocation In Caddis Flies. David J. Stevens A thesis submitted for the degree ofDoctor ofPhilosophy to the Faculty of Science, University ofGlasgow. September 2000 Declaration I declare that the work presented in this thesis has been completed by myselfunless otherwise acknowledged in the text. No part ofthis work has been presented for any other qualification. David Stevens September 2000 Acknowledgements I could not have hoped for two better supervisors than Pat Monaghan and Mike Hansell. I wish to thank them not just for giving me my chance in the first place, but for giving me the freedom within the project to explore many avenues ofinvestigation. Most ofthese proved fruitful, ifonly to teach me not to do it again. The support, encouragement and advice they gave were ofimmeasurable help over the course ofthe project.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Fact Sheet
    SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name: Scott’s apatanian caddisfly Scientific Name: Allomyia scotti Wiggins 1973 (Imania) Synonyms: Imania scotti Phylum: Mandibulata Class: Insecta Order: Trichoptera Family: Apataniidae Genus: Allomyia Conservation Status: Global Status (2005): G1 National Status (1999): N1 State Statuses: Oregon: S1 (NatureServe 2010). Type Locality: OREGON, Clackamas and Hood River counties, Mt. Hood, 1st to 3rd order streams originating from perennial seeps and springs supplied by permanent snowfields around Mt. Hood at elevations from 3,500 to 5,700 feet (Wiggins 1973b; Wanner and Arendt 2015). Water was clear and cold, temperature in July and August between 2 and 6ºC. Rocks in the stream bear dense growths of a wiry moss (Wiggins 1973b; Wanner and Arendt 2015). Technical Description (Wiggins 1973b): Adult: Length of forewing male 7.7-8.1 mm, female 7.7-9.0 mm. General structure typical of the genus and for tripunctata group; dark brown in color, forewings covered uniformly with dark brown hairs. Venation similar in two sexes, essentially as illustrated for Imania bifosa Ross by Schmid (1955, see fig 15). Wing coupling mechanism consisting of approximately eight stout, non- clavate, bristles at base of hind wing, and line of short, stout, hooked setae along costal margin of hind wing which engage upon long hairs arising from anal margin of forewing (as illustrated for Lepania cascadia by Wiggins 1973a, see fig 21). Male and female genitalia described in Wiggins 1973b. Adult Caddisfly (NC State 2005). 1 Larva: Generally similar to other larvae in this genus, but distinguished primarily by the prominent horns on the head.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural Repeatability in Larval Limnephilus Lunatus Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera) in an Open-Field Test
    Aquatic Insects International Journal of Freshwater Entomology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/naqi20 Behavioural repeatability in larval Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera) in an open-field test Joacim Näslund To cite this article: Joacim Näslund (2021) Behavioural repeatability in larval Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera) in an open-field test, Aquatic Insects, 42:1, 62-77, DOI: 10.1080/01650424.2020.1865545 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1865545 © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 01 Feb 2021. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 224 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=naqi20 AQUATIC INSECTS 2021, VOL. 42, NO. 1, 62–77 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1865545 Behavioural repeatability in larval Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera) in an open-field test Joacim N€aslunda,b aDepartment of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Cesk e Budejovice, Cesk e Budejovice, Czech Republic; bDepartment of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This article investigates inter-individual repeatability in distance Received 20 January 2020 moved in an open-field test for larval Limnephilus lunatus Curtis, Accepted 11 December 2020 1834. Repeatability across four trials (two-day trial intervals) was KEYWORDS comparable to previous studies on arthropod species (repeatabil- R ¼ L. lunatus Animal behaviour; ity: 0.37), indicating that is a suitable model species Limnephilidae; in this research field.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Trichoptera
    Review Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Trichoptera John C. Morse 1,*, Paul B. Frandsen 2,3, Wolfram Graf 4 and Jessica A. Thomas 5 1 Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, E-143 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Parkway Drive, Provo, UT 84602, USA; [email protected] 3 Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, 600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, D.C. 20024, USA 4 BOKU, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 5 Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York Y010 5DD, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-864-656-5049 Received: 2 February 2019; Accepted: 12 April 2019; Published: 1 May 2019 Abstract: The holometabolous insect order Trichoptera (caddisflies) includes more known species than all of the other primarily aquatic orders of insects combined. They are distributed unevenly; with the greatest number and density occurring in the Oriental Biogeographic Region and the smallest in the East Palearctic. Ecosystem services provided by Trichoptera are also very diverse and include their essential roles in food webs, in biological monitoring of water quality, as food for fish and other predators (many of which are of human concern), and as engineers that stabilize gravel bed sediment. They are especially important in capturing and using a wide variety of nutrients in many forms, transforming them for use by other organisms in freshwaters and surrounding riparian areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • The Zoogeomorphology of Case-Building Caddisfly Larvae
    The zoogeomorphology of case-building caddisfly larvae by Richard Mason A Doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University (June 2020) © Richard Mason 2020 i Abstract Caddisfly (Trichoptera) are an abundant and widespread aquatic insect group. Caddisfly larvae of most species build cases from silk and fine sediment at some point in their lifecycle. Case- building caddisfly have the potential to modify the distribution and transport of sediment by: 1) altering sediment properties through case construction, and 2) transporting sediment incorporated into cases over the riverbed. This thesis investigates, for the first time, the effects of bioconstruction by case-building caddisfly on fluvial geomorphology. The research was conducted using two flume experiments to understand the mechanisms of caddisfly zoogeomorphology (case construction and transporting sediment), and two field investigations that increase the spatial and temporal scale of the research. Caddisfly cases varied considerably in mass between species (0.001 g - 0.83 g) and grain sizes used (D50 = 0.17 mm - 4 mm). As a community, caddisfly used a wide range of grain-sizes in case construction (0.063 mm – 11 mm), and, on average, the mass of incorporated sediment was 38 g m-2, in a gravel-bed stream. This sediment was aggregated into biogenic particles (cases) which differed in size and shape from their constituent grains. A flume experiment determined that empty cases of some caddisfly species (tubular case-builders; Limnephilidae and Sericostomatidae) were more mobile than their incorporated sediment, but that dome shaped Glossosomatidae cases moved at the same entrainment threshold as their constituent grains, highlighting the importance of case design as a control on caddisfly zoogeomorphology.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of North America
    Insects of Western North America 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America. 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa by Boris C. Kondratieff, Luke Myers, and Whitney S. Cranshaw C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 22, 2011 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 3 Cover Photo Credits: Whitney S. Cranshaw. Females of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab.) laying eggs on an animal carcass on Fort Sill, Oklahoma. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1177. Copyrighted 2011 4 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................7 SUMMARY AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
    [Show full text]