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A Report by the Study Group on Irrigation and Power of The( National Planning Council On

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A Report by the Study Group on Irrigation and Power of The( National Planning Council On GOVERNMENT OP INDIA PLANNING COMMISSION A report by the Study Group on Irrigation and Power of the( National Planning Council on THECHAMBELPROJECT · Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthao GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PLANNING COMMISSION A report by the Study Group on Irrigation and Power of the National Planning Council on THE CHAMBAL .PROJECT Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan AUGUST 1967 CONTENTS PAGB Purpose and scope of the report . 1 The Project . -1- Particulars ofdams,canalsandpowerhouses • l Particulars of canals • • 3 Costs in crores of rupees 4 Progress of construction • • • 5 Hydrology 6 River fiow record 8 Meteorological data 8 Reservoir operation at Gandhisagar 8 Operation of Kotah barrage • 11 Development of power . 11 DeVelopment of irrigation • • 13 (A) Rajasthan • • 13 (B) Madhya Pradesh • • 14 Water use • • • 15 Water rates • 17 Water logging • 18 Salinity • • • • 21 Rajasthan 21 Madhya Pradesh • • • • 22 Water management • • • • • 23 Water courses. • • • • • 23 Government control • • • • 24 Rl:search and demonstration • • • • 25 Soil conservation • • • • • • 31 Catchment abow Gandhisagar • • • • • 31 Catchment bolow Gandhisagar • • • • • 33 i ii PAG& The reservoir ·. ' •· 34 Capacity surveys 34 ·Cultivation in tile reservoir area 15 Development of fisheries 35. Tile Weed prQblem 3() Infer-State relations. • - Allocation of costs 37 ·· Allocation of benefits 38 : Maintenance and operation 39 Comments and recqmmep.datiqns 39- Hydrology . :. • • • •· ,.. 39 Quantull) of waters availaple fo~ w.. 42 Reservoir operations at Gandhisaga; 44 Irrigated· agriculture· 16· Watef logging • .. • ~~ Salinity • 51 Soil comervation • 5t Inter-State relations. 53< General.. • • • • • .. • 54 CiiAMBAL,. 1 . PROJEcT' . I\ report by the Study.·Group on Irrigation ·au:d Power of. the, National Planning Council ' I. • - , Purpose and scope of the report L At a meeting of the Study Group on llTlgatton ana power of the National Planning COuncil, held in May 1965, it was decid­ ed to undertake case studies of a few typical multi-purpose pro­ jects with a view, .ultimately, to ensure general criteria or norms in 'respect of the use of available waters for various purposes. To start with, it was proposed that the Chambal Project in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and · the Hirakud Project in Orissa be taken up for such studies, in association with the officers concern­ ed of the State Governments. The Chief Ministers of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh approved of the proposal and the following report.represents the result of the studies·made in respect of the Chambal Project in the two States. · ' .- . .. The study excludes from its purview all problems relating to the construction of the project which is nearing completion. It concerns itself mainly with the. operation of the project, all developments flowing from it and .the measures relating to maxi­ mising benefits from the project. The factual data in the report are as obtained by the Group from published reports, from the officers of the States, or from the Secretary, Chambal Control Board. The comments and recommendations of the Group have been clearly indicated. · The Project 2. The Chambal Valley Development has been sanctioned in three stages as follows : Stage I, sanctioned in 1954, includes a dam and power house at Gandhisagar, necessary transmission lines and sub­ stations for utilising the power to be generated, a diver.J sion barrage at Kotah and two canals for the irrigation of 11 lakh acres in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh .. Stage II, sanctioned in 1961, provides for .a dam and power house at Rana Pratap Sagar; with the additional storage at this dam, the annual irrigation was expected to in­ crease from 11 to 14 lakh acres. • I 2 Stage III, sanctioned in 1962, is for a ~ ~d P?Wer house at Jawaharsagar. with a short transllllSsiOn line to con­ nect the Jawahar sagar power station with the transmis­ sion system between Gandhisagar and Kotah. 3. Apart from the project in three stages, as described above, . some additional estimates relating to the developments on the Chambal have been sanctioned separately. Brief particulars of the development, as sanctioned so far, are shown below. (a) Particulars ·of dams, canals and power houses Gandhi­ Rana Pra· Jawabar Kotah. Sagar tap Sagar ' Sagar .: 1 2 3 . 4 'J'ypc of Dam storage storage lifting diversion barrage , Location Madhya Rajasthan Rajasthan · Rajasthan Pradesh Maximum height above · foundations (feet) • ., 209 177 ... 157 Catchment area (sq~are - ' miles)' . r '. · • ~.7~0' 9,560 l0,350 0,400 Madhya Pradesh !,150 8,620 8,820 8,820 Rajasthan• 600 940 1,530 1,~80 Gross storage (M.A.F.) 6.28"* 2.35' 0.055 0.08 Live storage (M.A.F.) ~.60 1.~7 ).021 Nil Dead storage (M.A.F.) 0.68 1.08 ).034 0.08 Carry over (M.A.F.) . not defined nil nil nil Annual reservoir losses 0.623 0.207 (M.A.F.) Lake area at F.R.L. 265.6 76.56 : (square miles) 3.72 Muimum Water level 1,312.0 1,162.0 987.0 856.0 Full reservoir level 1,312.0 1,157.5 980.0 852.0 Dead storage level 1,250.0 1,125.0*"* 970.0 812.0*0 ** .:As furnished )'Y the ~tral Water & Power Commission. Based on revtsed capac tty. table prepared in 1961 from aerial survey maps of the Survey of lndta_ .:::ori.gi~y 1107.~ but subsequently raised to 1125.0. Tj.lts ts only nomtnal; ~he normal· fluctuation nf. level is w'thin 3 to 4 .cct. r •. 1 1 3 4 Tail water level (normai) 1132-1136 913-9n 8S6-860 762 Maximum tail water le- ' . vel(under flood con-· 1 dition) • : 1,160 1,035 915 825 Spillway capacity at F.R.L. (cusecs) 450,000 650,000 780,000 150,000 Spillway details : Crest gates 10x60'x28' 17.x60'x28' 12x50'i<44' 19x40"x40' Openings •· 9><10'x2S' · 4x9'xl1' nil 2x9'x11' Power units (kW.) S x23,000* , , ,4x43,oo0** h:33,000 ' '/ ·~. airiais .. · • · ' · One left . Oneright · · (b) Particulars of. amals Right Left ;t 1 I 2' '0 Location First 81 miles in Rajasthan, lo- werpartinMadhya Pradesll . 'Rajasthan Discharge at head (cusecs) 6,6S6t,' 3,900 at entzy into Madhya· Pradesh • . .. 1.270' . Culturable commanded area 5·39***.. ·in ·Rajasthan'. · 3 .26•u• - (Iakh acres)* .. 11.44•••••• in Madhya Pradesh. Annual irrigation anticipated 4.4tt in Rajasthan 2.6tt (1akh acres). 7.0 in Madhya Pradesh *Originally 3 units with provision of 2 more to be installed later; 4 units were installed under the 1958 Revised Estimate and the Sth under a separate estimate, as shown on next page. ..Originally 4 units of 28,000 kW. each. ·•• *The project also mentions 57,000 acres of culturable area to be developed by lift, but there is no provision in the estimate for such development • ....On detailed check found to be 239,000 acres • ..... On detailed cloeck found to be 314,000 acres. • •• •••On detailed check found to be 845,000 acres. tSome doubt has been expressed whether the canals, as constructed, can take 6,656 cusecs. This needs verification. ttFor C. C. A. of SS3,000 acres, as now found on check with 76 per cent intensity, the annual irrigation will be4.19lakh acres. The oue.tion of raising the intensity is under consideration. 4 -- (c) Costs in crores of Rupees ~ . ~ , , c" \\: --. Stage I : ~S\llge n, Stageiil TouiiT As per original estimates 48.03 17·.21* · 1 ·'r9:67 7f-9i: (1954). (1960)! ~-. (1962) ' ' " As revised 63.59** 18.91 . 1'3.54. 9(,04.. (1958) ~ .. ,(1966) ' (1966)' As anticipated Gandbisagar dam and power . houso and· transmission lines · '29.36 ' JWastlian (Kotah . barrage, · and canal system)'· • 30.19*** M8dbya ' Pradesh· · (canal 23.16@ '' system) TOTAL 82.71 '-22-0 ili.o~ \i2.0.n Water courses:•••• IWastban • •• 0.42 .. 0.42 Madhya Pradesh • 0.17 (up to Sabalgarh)@@ 0.17 Stb poWer unit in Gandbisagar power house, as originally ostimated ~ . ' • 0.38 (1963) As anticipated .- . • 0.53 0.53 Extension of transmi~lon lines in Rajasthan 11.6, •• 11.6 GRAND TOTAL 133.43 *Includes Rs. 4.17 crores for clttension' of transmission lines in both States but provision deleted from revised estimate (1966). A separate estimate for the purpose was sanctioned in Rajasthan, as shown above. - · **Gandhisagardam Rs. 13.60 crores; powerhouse Rs. 4. 79 crores; trans· mission lines Rs.l 0.97 crore8; canal system in Madhya Pradesh Rs.17. 74 crores, Kotah barraga Rs. 3 .83. crores; canal system in Rajasthan Rs. 12. 65 crores. , •••As per Second Revised Estimate (1964), not yet sanctioned, which pro· vides forKotah barrage Rs. 4.83 crores, canal system in Rajasthan as in­ cluded in original estimates Rs.l6 .00 crores,lift irrigation Rs. 2.10 cror· e8, Bundi Branch E.~tension Scheme Rs. 1.42 crores, Drainage Scheme Rs. S .81 crores and survey etc. of water courses Rs. 0.02' crores. ••••chargeable to 'Loans' to be recovered from the land-owners •. @Rs. 21.91 crores as per Second Revised Estimate (1964); not yet sanc­ tioned; (including Rs. S lakh for drainage); now eltpected to be Rs. 23.16 croras. @@~low Sabalgarh, tho water courses are eltpected to be construCted by the cultivators. · s Progress of construction .· ·· 4. Stage 1-of tile pr.oject. was completed, in part;··in Novem­ ber; 1960 wheiL the .Gandhisagilr power house went into · partial production and the two canals at Kptah also started to provide irrigation facilities in their upper reaches. Since then, the area provided with irrigation facilities has been increasing gradually every year.. By. the end of 1966 only a few ·minor works remain to: be-carried out in Rajasthan part of the canal system but there is quite a ·large amount ·of work still· to be done· in Madhya Pradesh.
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