College of Forestry and the Oregon Forest Research Laboratory

College of Forestry and the Oregon Forest Research Laboratory 2004 Annual Bibliography From the Director Greetings. regon State’s Forest Research Labo- ratory is supported by the State Leg- Oislature and forest landowners for the purpose of developing and providing knowledge that will help achieve the fullest utilization of Oregon’s forest resources for economic, social, and environment values. This bibliography recaps the research efforts and findings of our scientists. Scientific progress requires a continuous effort of asking critical questions, proposing probable theories, conducting research, gathering data, drawing conclusions, and then publishing the results in order to expand the body of knowledge available to other scientists. Such published results provide a benchmark for other scientists to confirm, disprove, expand upon, develop new questions from, or use to support related research findings. This annotated bibliography lists and describes the publications of our scientists between January 1, 2004, and De- cember 31, 2004. The publications are arranged by the major program areas studied by our scientists. The studies highlighted in these publications were supported by grants from public agencies and private industries, donors, Oregon appropriations, and Oregon Harvest Tax. Many of these publications are available from the Forestry Communications Group, http://www.cof.orst.edu/pubs_products.php, or directly from the authors as reprints. This bibliography provides a brief highlight into the broad depth and range of research being conducted by our scientists. The knowledge they obtain is critical for a full understanding of the forest-related issues important to Oregon, the nation, and the world. I hope that you, as another scientist, a policy-maker, a landowner, a forest-related business person, or a concerned citizen, will find the information useful and recognize that we are dedicated to providing knowledge that will have significant and positive effects on the practice of forestry and the management of all forest resources. f Research results find application in many areas as Or- egon Forest Research Laboratory scientists and their cooperators publish their findings. Papers published between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004 are grouped here according to the Oregon Forest Re- search Laboratory’s five program areas: r Forest Regeneration r Forest Ecology, Culture, and Productivity r Integrated Protection of Forests and Watersheds r Evaluation of Forest Uses, Practices, and Policies r Wood Processing and Product Performance To Order Publications Copies of many Oregon Forest Research Laboratory publications are available from Forestry Communications Group Oregon State University 256 Peavy Hall Corvallis, OR 97331-7401 Phone: (541) 737-4271 FAX: (541) 737-4077 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://fcg.cof.orst.edu Please indicate author(s), title, and publication number if known. Compilation, word processing, design, and layout by Forestry Communications Group Table of Contents 4 Forest Regeneration 8 Forest Ecology, Culture, and Productivity 36 Integrated Protection of Forests and Watersheds 47 Evaluation of Forest Uses, Practices, and Policies 57 Wood Processing and Product Performance Forest Regeneration Anekonda, T, C Jones, BN Smith, and LD Hansen. 2004. white spruce seed rain from basal area during an ex- Differences in physiology and growth between ceptionally good seed year. The data were collected coastal and inland varieties of Douglas-fir seed- in 1999, 2000, and 2001 from three boreal forest lings in a common garden. Thermochimica Acta cover types (white spruce; mixed white spruce-quak- 422: 75–79. ing aspen-balsam poplar; and quaking aspen-balsam poplar) in northwestern Alberta. Seed rain was For tree geneticists and physiologists, silviculturists, significantly correlated with white spruce basal area and forest managers. Seedlings of a coastal and an only on 1999, when seed rain was 10 times greater interior variety of Douglas-fir and their F hybrids were 2 than in 2000 and nearly 60 times greater than in grown in nursery beds in a common garden in a coastal 2001; therefore, only data from that year were used climate. Growth traits, bud burst, carbon isotope ratios, to develop the equation. and respiration traits differed between varieties. The isotope ratios of the progeny were similar to those of Howe, GT, SN Aitken, DB Neale, KD Jermstad, NC the interior variety, but the respiration traits resembled Wheeler, and THH Chen. 2004. From genotype to those of the coastal variety. Only respiratory heat rate phenotype: Unraveling the complexities of cold and height growth differed between families within adaptation in forest trees. Canadian Journal of varieties. The slower growing interior variety, which Botany 81: 1247–1266. was more stressed in the coastal climate, had greater carbon isotope discrimination. For tree geneticists and biotechnologists. The genetic traits associated with the complex processes Badre, TH, PL Marshall, VM LeMay, H Temesgen, and involved in cold adaptation in temperate and boreal A-A Zumrawi. 2004. Regeneration imputation trees appear to be under strong natural selection, models for complex stands of southeastern Brit- but within-population levels of genetic variations ish Columbia. Forestry Chronicle 80: 271–278. are high. Phenological traits have the highest heri- tabilities. Cold adaptation traits seem to be con- For silviculturists, growth-and-yield modelers, and trolled largely by multiple genes with small effects; forest managers. Tabular and most similar neighbor interactions between loci and environment are (MSN) imputation techniques to predict natural common. The authors suggest that markers should regeneration in complex stands were compared. be developed for cold adaptation candidate genes. Both approaches provided good estimates of regen- Multilocus, multiallelic analyses can then be used to eration. The tabular technique was easier to use. discover genotype-phenotype relationships. It may The MSN method was a better predictor, however, ultimately be possible to use such techniques to and mimicked conditions that were not found in the predict genotype performance in breeding programs sampled population. and to increase understanding of evolutionary ecology of forest trees. Gilmore, DW, and CA Berger. 2004. White spruce basal area as a predictor of seed rain during an excep- Jacobs, DF, R Rose, DL Haase, and PO Alzugaray. 2004. tional seed year in northwestern Alberta. North- Fertilization at planting impairs root system west Science 78: 75–78. development and drought avoidance of Douglas- For forest managers and geneticists. The objective fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. Annals of of this study was to develop an equation to predict Forest Science 61: 643–652. 4 Forest Regeneration For reforestation researchers, field forestry personnel, temperature coefficients of heat and CO2 rates. Men- and silviculturists. Seedlings of Douglas-fir (1 + 1 bar- docino plants, from a coastal site, were more stressed eroot) were planted in a drought-prone clearcut in the in the interior common garden site, as evidenced by Oregon Coast Range. Seedlings were divided into two greater fractionation of carbon isotope ratios. The initial root-volume classes and either fertilized or not persistence of significant differences in respiratory fertilized in the planting hole. Summer predawn xylem and photosynthetic properties in the common garden water potential values were consistently lower in fertil- shows that these processes are genetically adapted to ized seedlings in both root-volume classes, and root the native climate of the seed source. development by several measures was less in fertilized seedlings. Because root volume growth was positively Krueger, JA, and KJ Puettmann. 2004. Growth and injury correlated with predawn xylem water potential, field patterns of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) fertilization practices should take into account the seedlings as affected by hardwood overstory den- probable drought level of the site. sity and weeding treatments. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 21: 61–68. Johnson, GR. 2005. Common families across test se- For silviculturists and forestland managers. Vegeta- ries—how many do we need? Forest Genetics 11(2): tion surrounding white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings 103–112. underplanted under a range of overstory densities in For forest geneticists. Many forest tree-breeding a hardwood stand in Minnesota was weeded monthly programs include common families in different series or annually or left unweeded over 4 years. Removing of trials in order to allow adjustment for site variation herbaceous weeds did not improve seedling growth in in comparing families planted on different sites. The any conditions. Weeding woody vegetation benefited author modeled the situation in which common fami- diameter growth only in areas with relatively open lies are used to directly estimate site effects, which are overstory. It also improved height growth in areas with then used to adjust family means. Computer simula- denser overstory. Both overstory removal and weed tion indicated that four common families in each series control increased incidence of seedling injuries such of progeny trials generally provide a stable comparison as rust infection or insect damage. Improving growing across sites. Five or six could be used if a low heritabil- conditions, whether by overstory removal or weeding, ity trait was

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