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Trypanoxyuris Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus associated with the death of wild southern brown howler monkey,SCIENTIFIC Alouatta guariba COMMUNICATION clamitans, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 99 TRYPANOXYURIS (TRYPANOXYURIS) MINUTUS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEATH OF A WILD SOUTHERN BROWN HOWLER MONKEY, ALOUATTA GUARIBA CLAMITANS, IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL* J.F.R. Amato1, S.B. Amato1, C.Calegaro-Marques1, J.C. Bicca-Marques2 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 700, CEP 90001-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected] ou [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper reports the death of a wild, subadult male of a southern brown howler monkey (bugio-ruivo), Alouatta guariba clamitans. The animal was found dead by the owner of a 60 ha. farm (Fazenda São Maximiano), located along the interstate road BR-116, km 308, Guaíba, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, 30º10'46,74"S, 51º23'30,78"W, in August 2000. The paper also describes the specimens of Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus found in the cecum. All organs were examined for helminths but were negative, except the cecum, which was full of macerated leaf litter and nematodes. The cecum wall was hyperemic, very thin, and distended, possibly by the large volume of material present. All the cecum contents were suspended in 5 liters of 0.85% saline physiological solution, from which a sample of 10% was taken and thoroughly examined. Six thousand one hundred and eighty-seven nematodes were counted in the sample (males + females). A total of 61,870 helminths were estimated in the entire cecal infrapopulation. KEY WORDS: Trypanoxyuris (T.) minutus, Nematoda, Oxyuridae, Alouatta guariba clamitans, southern brown howler monkey, primates. RESUMO TRYPANOXYURIS (TRYPANOXYURIS) MINUTUS ASSOCIADO COM A MORTE DE BUGIO- RUIVO ALOUATTA GUARIBA CLAMITANS, NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL. O presente trabalho relata o caso de morte de um espécime subadulto, macho, de bugio-ruivo, Alouatta guariba clamitans, encontrado morto pelo proprietário de uma fazenda (Fazenda São Maximiano), localizada no km 308 da BR-116, em Guaíba, RS, Brasil, (30º10'46,74"S, 51º23'30,78"W), em agosto de 2000. Descreve-se os espécimes de Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus encontrados no ceco. Todos os órgãos foram examinados para detectar-se helmintos, sendo negativos, exceto o ceco que estava repleto de matéria vegetal macerada e de nematóides. A parede do ceco estava hiperêmica e muito fina por estar distendida, possivelmente, pelo volume de material presente. Todo material do ceco foi suspenso em 5 litros de solução salina fisiológica 0,85%, de onde foi retirada uma amostra de 10% que foi completamente examinada. Foram contados 6.187 nematóides (machos + fêmeas) na alíquota e estimados 61.870 helmintos presentes no ceco. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trypanoxyuris (T.) minutus, Nematoda, Oxyuridae, Alouatta guariba clamitans, bugio-ruivo, primatas. The parasitism of wild howler monkeys (Alouatta HIRSCH et al., 1991; ROWE, 1996) in Venezuela (INGLIS & spp.) has been recently reviewed by STUART et al. DIAZ-UNGRIA, 1959; DIAZ-UNGRIA, 1965); A. palliata in (1998). These authors listed Trypanoxyuris (T.) minutus Costa Rica (STUART et al., 1988) and Panama (THATCHER (Schneider, 1866) infecting various howler monkey & PORTER, 1968); A. seniculus in Colombia (HUGGHINS, species: A. caraya in Argentina (POPE, 1966; COPPO et al., 1969), Brazil (STILES et al., 1929; INGLIS & DIAZ-UNGRIA, 1979); A. fusca [probably misidentified, as A. fusca = A. 1959), and in Surinam (VAN THIEL, 1925). KUNTZ & guariba, does not occur in Venezuela (HILL, 1962; MYERS (1972) published a tabulation of all parasites of *Publicação nº 371 do Dep. Zoologia/UFRGS. 2Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo, v.69, n.4, p.99-102, out./dez., 2002 100 J.F.R. Amato et al. South American primates. The host-parasite list and values given within parentheses. Cross sections of prevalence values given by STUART et al. (1998) included males and females and en face mountings of the ante- species of protists and metazoans from A. belzebul, A. rior extremity were hand-cut using a razor blade. caraya, A. fusca, A. palliata (combined with reports on A. Photomicrographs were made using a Zeiss Axiolab villosa from Panama), A. pigra, A. seniculus and Alouatta photomicroscope, with phase contrast. Some voucher sp. STUART et al. (1998) called attention to the fact that specimens mounted in Canada balsam, and a large "parasites should not be surveyed simply as discrete number preserved in ethanol 70 ºGL were both passengers or invaders within an innocent primate, but deposited in the Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto as members of a functional ecosystem in which the Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. monkey and the parasite are interrelated elements". It is true that parasites can provide clues about Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus (Schneider, 1866) host feeding patterns, frequency of contact with intermediate hosts, host distribution patterns and Figs. 1 - 10 competitive interactions (STUART & STRIER, 1995). STUART et al. (1998) have also mentioned that the taxonomic General: small nematodes. Females straight, much confusion over host and parasite nomenclature, as larger than males. Males with curved posterior third well as the references in many obscure journals of of body. Both sexes, with cephalic plate square; South and Central America can add to the problem of amphidial openings (arrows in Fig. 7) between dorsal understanding primate parasitology. Authors, in some and sub-ventral cephalic papillae. Dorsal lip, bi-lobed. cases, reported prevalence data for some parasite Lateral alae double-crested in females and single- species listed, but did not present any information on crested in males. the intensity of infection of these species. STUART et al. Males (n = 10) (Figs. 1-4): body length 2.40-3.02 mm (1990) have conducted a coprological survey of (2.72 ± 1.8). Maximum width 129-153 (136 ± 12). Nerve monkey parasites belonging to the genus Alouatta, in ring 177-226 (200 ± 12), from anterior apex. Esophagus Central America. In 1993, STUART et al. conducted the length, including bulb, 677-838 (761 ± 59). Bulb length most comprehensive coprological survey of parasites 80-89 (87 ± 3); bulb width 81-88 (81 ± 4). Excretory pore of these monkeys, in the states of the southeastern 266 (n = 1), from anterior apex. Three pairs of sessile, region of Brazil. Although finding T. minutus, these post-cloacal papillae present. Pair of laterally placed, authors only reported qualitative data, never massive, post-cloacal papillae at base of tail spike, mentioning intensity of infection values for any of the supporting caudal alae. Spicule length 40-44 (45 ± 2). helminth species recorded nor any cases of death, Tail spike 8-10 long (9.5; 1.3). Ratios: body length/ which could have been attributed to any particular esophagus length 3.15-3.81 (3.58 ± 0.2); body length/ species of helminth. This report registers the death of spicule length 55.4-66.5 (60.2 ± 3.5); esophagus length/ a wild southern brown howler monkey possibly nerve ring, from anterior apex, 3.36-4.00 (3.81 ± 0.2); associated with the T. minutus infection. esophagus length/bulb length 7.64-9.60 (8.75 ± 0.6); The subadult male specimen of a southern brown bulb length/bulb width 0.91-1.10 (1.1 ± 0.1). howler monkey (bugio-ruivo), Alouatta guariba Females (n=11) (Figs. 5-10): body length 7.10-8.50 clamitans (Cabrera, 1940), was found dead by the mm (7.70 mm ± 463). Maximum width at vulva, 380- owner of a 60 ha. farm (Fazenda São Maximiano), 540 (460 ± 45). Nerve ring 2.82 mm (n = 1), from the located along the interstate road BR116, km 308, anterior apex. Excretory pore 1.51 (n=1), from anterior Guaíba, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, apex. Lateral alae begin at 398-531 (n=5) (460 ± 53) 30º10'46,74"S., 51º23'30,78"W., on August 20, 2000. from anterior apex and end at 194-238 (n=6) (211 ± 18) The contents of the viscera were examined for from the tip of tail. Vulva 4.46-4.86 mm (n=2) (4.76 mm; helminths using sieves (154 µm). Helminths were 20), from anterior apex. Esophagus length, including collected, fixed and processed according to AMATO et bulb, 1.62-1.80 mm (1.72 mm ± 56) from anterior apex. al. (1991). The size of the infrapopulation was Bulb length 97-153 (141 ± 20); bulb width 129-161 (151 determined through an aliquot of 10% of the total ± 20). Tail length, from posterior apex, 1.26-1.62 mm volume of cecal contents to estimate the total number (n=8) (1.41 mm ± 115). Eggs spindle shaped, flattened of worms present (UENO & GONÇALVES, 1970). on one side, 44-46 (n=9) (45 ±1) long; 22-26 (n=9) (24 Measurements obtained from specimens mounted in ± 2) wide. Ratios: body length/esophagus length Amann´s lacto phenol (Humason, 1972) (made with 4.18-4.82 (n=10) (4.52 ± 0.2); body length/tail length a Leitz Dialux 20 EB microscope) are in micrometers 0.27-0.37 (n=8) (0.33); body length/egg length 171- unless otherwise indicated. The range is followed by 184 (n=9) (176 ± 6.7); body length/egg width 299-385 the number (n) of specimens measured for a particular (n=10) (329 ± 28); esophagus length/bulb length 9.4- character when the number is different than 10 18.1 (n=10) (9.38 ± 2.3); bulb length/bulb width 234- (males) and 11 (females); and by the mean and SD 338 (n=10) (234 ± 30).
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