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Vegetation Classification of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California A report submitted to National Park Service Tasha LaDaux, Chief of Resources Joshua Tree National Park 74485 National Park Drive Twentynine Palms, California 92277-3597 by California Department of Fish and Game Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch Sacramento, California by Todd Keeler-Wolf Sau San Diana Hickson March 2005 Section Page Table of Contents Section Page INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 Background and Standards............................................................................................ 1 Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 3 Timeline......................................................................................................................... 3 METHODS..................................................................................................................... 4 Vegetation Sampling and Classification....................................................................... 4 Development of the Preliminary Classification ................................................... 4 Integration of Existing Data Sets.......................................................................... 4 Summary .............................................................................................................. 7 Sample Allocation and the Development of the GRADSECT..................................... 7 Field Data Collection..................................................................................................... 9 Archiving and Analysis of Data.................................................................................... 10 Classification......................................................................................................... 18 Developing the Key............................................................................................... 18 Description Writing............................................................................................... 18 Lessons Learned ............................................................................................................ 20 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETATION ASSOCIATIONS FROM JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA............................................... 22 KEY TO THE VEGETATION TYPES OF JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK............................................................................................ 28 How to Use the Key ...................................................................................................... 28 Key to Main Vegetation Divisions................................................................................ 31 Division A: Tree Vegetation ................................................................................ 31 Division B: Shrub Vegetation.................................................................................. 36 Division C: Herbaceous Vegetation ........................................................................ 47 VEGETATION DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................... 49 Montane Woodland and Scrub...................................................................................... 49 California Juniper (Juniperus californica) Wooded Shrubland Alliance ............. 49 Singleleaf Pinyon Pine (Pinus monophylla) Woodland Alliance ......................... 63 Bigberry Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca) Shrubland Alliance ....................... 68 Muller's Oak (Quercus cornelius-mulleri) Shrubland Alliance ............................ 70 Rubber Rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa =Chrysothamnus nauseosus) Shrubland Alliance............................................................................................. 76 Round-Leaved Rabbitbrush (Ericameria teretifolia = Chrysothamnus teretifolius) Shrubland Alliance ................................................ 78 AH0216/b i March 2005 Section Page Desert False Willow (Baccharis sergiloides) Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance............................................................................... 80 Antelope Bush (Purshia tridentata) Shrubland Alliance...................................... 82 Parry Nolina (Nolina parryi) Shrubland Alliance................................................. 85 Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Annual Grassland Alliance.................................. 88 Mojavean Upper Bajada Scrub ..................................................................................... 90 Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia) Wooded Shrubland Alliance ............................... 90 Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia) Wooded Herbaceous Alliance............................. 106 Blackbush (Coleogyne ramosissima) Shrubland Alliance ................................... 108 California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) Shrubland Alliance................. 111 Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis) Shrubland Alliance........................................ 114 Nevada Ephedra (Ephedra nevadensis) Shrubland Alliance ................................ 116 California Ephedra (Ephedra californica) Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance............................................................................................. 119 Paper-Bag Bush (Salazaria mexicana) Shrubland Alliance.................................. 122 Mojave Yucca (Yucca schidigera) Shrubland Alliance ........................................ 124 Desert Almond (Prunus fasciculata) Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance............................................................................................. 135 Lower Mojave Scrub..................................................................................................... 138 Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Shrubland Alliance........................................ 138 Creosote Bush - Burro Bush (Larrea tridentata - Ambrosia dumosa) Shrubland Alliance (Mapping Code: 27030) ..................................................... 145 Hall's Tetracoccus (Tetracoccus hallii) Unique Stands ........................................ 164 Four-wing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens) Shrubland Alliance.............................. 165 Cheesebush (Hymenoclea salsola) Shrubland Alliance........................................ 167 Paniculate Rabbitbrush (Ericameria paniculata = Chrysothamnus paniculatus) Shrubland Alliance.............................................. 170 Parish Viguiera (Viguiera parishii) Shrubland Alliance....................................... 173 Anderson's Box-Thorn (Lycium andersonii) Shrubland Alliance......................... 176 Catclaw (Acacia greggii) Shrubland Alliance....................................................... 178 Burro Bush (Ambrosia dumosa) Dwarf Shrubland Alliance................................. 186 Big Galleta (Pleuraphis rigida) Grassland Alliance ............................................. 190 Common Mediterranean Grass (Schismus barbatus) Unique Stands ................... 193 Sonoran Desert Wash Woodland and Scrub................................................................. 194 Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis) Shrubland Alliance........................................ 194 Blue Palo Verde (Cercidium floridum = Parkinsonia floridum) Woodland Alliance............................................................................................. 196 Ironwood (Olneya tesota) Woodland Alliance ..................................................... 202 Blue Palo verde-Ironwood [Cercidium floridum (=Parkinsonia florida)-Olneya tesota] Extremely Xeromorphic Deciduous Woodland Alliance........................................................................... 205 AH0216/b ii March 2005 Section Page Smoketree (Psorothamnus spinosus) Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance............................................................................................. 207 Creosote Bush – Brittlebush (Larrea tridentata - Encelia farinosa) Shrubland Alliance............................................................................................. 216 Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa) Shrubland Alliance............................................... 224 Desert Holly (Atriplex hymenelytra) Shrubland Alliance .................................... 227 Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi) Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance............................................................................... 230 Chuparosa (Justicia californica) Unique Stands................................................... 234 Teddy-Bear Cholla (Opuntia bigelovii) Shrubland Alliance ................................ 234 Lotebush (Ziziphus obtusifolia) Unique Stands .................................................... 236 Freshwater Wetland Vegetation.................................................................................... 237 Red Willow (Salix laevigata) Temporarily Flooded Alliance .............................. 237 Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) Temporarily Flooded Woodland Alliance .............................................................................. 239 California Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera) Seasonally Flooded Woodland Alliance............................................................................... 241 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................