Landslide Investigation on State Route 7 Along the Ohio River

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Landslide Investigation on State Route 7 Along the Ohio River Landslide Investigation on State Route 7 along the Ohio River Peter Narsavage, P.E. – DLZ Ohio, Inc. Paul D. deVerteuil, P.E. – Hull & Associates, Inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. Site Location HullHull& associates, inc. Gallia 7 Landslide Area Gallipolis, Ohio Ohio River Project Area Hull & associates, inc. Physiographic Provinces HullHull& associates, inc. Cross-Section Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace BB-2 Lower SR 7 Terrace Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 Legend EL 485’ Bottom of Ohio River Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Teays River Teays Marietta River River System HullHull& associates, inc. Pre-Illinoian Glacier Ice Dam on Teays River Formation of Lake Lake Tight Tight HullHull& associates, inc. Pre-Illinoian Glacier Deep Stage Cincinnati River River System HullHull& associates, inc. Cross-Section EL 900’ Lake Tight Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace BB-2 Lower SR 7 Terrace Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 EL 500’ Bottom of Deep Stage Cincinnati River Legend EL 485’ Bottom of Ohio River Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Extent of Illinoian Glacier Mew Martinsville River Post Illinoian River System HullHull& associates, inc. Cross-Section EL 900’ Lake Tight Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace EL 700’ to 750’ Post Illinoian BB-2 Slackwater Lake Lower SR 7 Terrace Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 EL 500’ Bottom of Deep Stage Cincinnati River Legend EL 485’ Bottom of Ohio River Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Extent of Wisconsinan Glacier Post Wisconsinan River Ohio River System HullHull& associates, inc. Cross-Section EL 900’ Lake Tight Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace EL 700’ to 750’ Post Illinoian BB-2 Slackwater Lake Lower EL 650’ to 700’ Post SR 7 Terrace Wisconsinan Slackwater Lake Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 EL 500’ Bottom of Deep Stage Cincinnati River Legend EL 485’ Bottom of Ohio River Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Colluvial Slope Formation HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. Gallia 7 Landslide Area Gallipolis, Ohio Area 3 Area 2 Area 1 Ohio River Project Area Hull & associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. Gallia 7 Landslide Area Gallipolis, Ohio Area 3 Area 2 Area 1 Ohio River Project Area Hull & associates, inc. Cross-Section Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace Phreatic Surface BB-2 Median Water Level Lower SR 7 Terrace Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 Legend Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Inclinometer Displacement vs Time 10 Legend CB-4 9 BB-2 BB-3 BB-4 8 CB-2 CB-3 7 CB-4 CB-5 6 5 4 Displacement, inch Displacement, BB-4 displacement 3 BB-3 Times of increased CB-3 2 1 0 Jul-99 Dec-99 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 HullHull& associates, inc. Inclinometer Displacement vs Time 2 Legend BB-2 BB-3 BB-3 BB-4 CB-2 CB-3 CB-4 CB-5 CB-5 1 Displacement, inch Displacement, CB-2 displacement Times of increased BB-2 0 Jul-99 Dec-99 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 HullHull& associates, inc. HullHull& associates, inc. Precipitation and Ohio River Level 10 560 Legend 9 Weekly Precip 555 Ohio River 8 550 7 545 6 540 Ohio River Elevation, feet 5 535 4 530 3 525 2 520 Precipitation, inch Precipitation, 1 515 0 510 Jul-99 Dec-99 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 HullHull& associates, inc. Cross-Section Vertical Scale Exaggerated 2x BB-1 Sandstone 800 Bluff Upper 700 Terrace Phreatic Surface BB-2 Median Water Level Lower SR 7 Terrace Elevation BB-3 600 BB-4 Lower Slope Ohio River EL 537.3’ (Normal Level) 500 Legend Silt and Clay, Silty Clay, Clay Shale Sand, Gravel, Silt Claystone Siltstone, Sandstone, Limestone HullHull& associates, inc. Conclusions • There are multiple slides at or above bedrock. • Slope movement is greatest near Ohio River and decreases upslope. • Rate of slope movement increases after a sudden rise and fall of the Ohio River. • Movement of lower slope is triggering slope movement of the lower terrace and then the upper terrace. HullHull& associates, inc..
Recommended publications
  • Vegetation and Fire at the Last Glacial Maximum in Tropical South America
    Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research VOLUME 14 Aims and Scope: Paleoenvironmental research continues to enjoy tremendous interest and progress in the scientific community. The overall aims and scope of the Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research book series is to capture this excitement and doc- ument these developments. Volumes related to any aspect of paleoenvironmental research, encompassing any time period, are within the scope of the series. For example, relevant topics include studies focused on terrestrial, peatland, lacustrine, riverine, estuarine, and marine systems, ice cores, cave deposits, palynology, iso- topes, geochemistry, sedimentology, paleontology, etc. Methodological and taxo- nomic volumes relevant to paleoenvironmental research are also encouraged. The series will include edited volumes on a particular subject, geographic region, or time period, conference and workshop proceedings, as well as monographs. Prospective authors and/or editors should consult the series editor for more details. The series editor also welcomes any comments or suggestions for future volumes. EDITOR AND BOARD OF ADVISORS Series Editor: John P. Smol, Queen’s University, Canada Advisory Board: Keith Alverson, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), UNESCO, France H. John B. Birks, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Raymond S. Bradley, University of Massachusetts, USA Glen M. MacDonald, University of California, USA For futher
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Crayfishes of the Genus Orconectes Section Limosus (Crustacea: Decopoda)
    THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Vol. 62 MARCH, 1962 No. 2 THE EVOLUTION OF CRAYFISHES OF THE GENUS ORCONECTES SECTION LIMOSUS (CRUSTACEA: DECOPODA) RENDELL RHOADES Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 The earliest described crayfish species now included in the Section limosus of the Genus Orconectes was described by Samuel Constantine Rafinesque (1817: 42). He reported the species, which he named Astacus limosus, "in the muddy banks of the Delaware, near Philadelphia." How ironical it now seems, that when Rafinesque located at Transylvania three years later and traveled to Henderson, Kentucky, to visit a fellow naturalist, John J. Audubon, he could have collected from the streams of western Kentucky a crayfish that he might have identified as the species he had described from the Delaware. We now know that these streams of the knobstone and pennyroyal uplands are the home of parent stock of this group. Moreover, this parental population on the Cumberland Plateau is now separated from Rafinesque's Orconectes limosus of the Atlantic drainage by more than 500 miles of mountainous terrain. Even Rafinesque, with his flair for accuracy and vivid imagination, would have been taxed to explain this wide separation had he known it. A decade after the death of Rafinesque, Dr. W. T. Craige received a blind crayfish from Mammoth Cave. An announcement of the new crayfish, identi- fied as "Astacus bartonii (?)" appeared in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia (1842: 174-175). Within two years the impact of Dr. Craige's announcement was evidenced by numerous popular articles both here and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Mcmillan, Tyler 1999.Tif
    oPTrxd MY:'IORIPLL~BRPR~ TI~C ''fi-P,E ~'h'ivf~s~~y '185 S ,/ ~PJ.DF:'IE Senior Thesis Geology of The Ohio State University, Columbus Campus BY Tyler D. McMillan 1999 Submitted as partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Geological Sciences At The Ohio State University, Spring Quarter, 1999 Approved by: Dr. Garry McKenzie Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Study i Location, Topography, and Geology 1 GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Quaternary Kansan (Pre- Illinoian) Glaciation Illinoian Glaciation Wisconsinan Glaciation Paleozoic Geologic History Columbus Limestone Delaware Formation Ohio and Olentangy Shale UNCONSLIDATED MATERIALS OF OSU CAMPUS Glacial and Post-glacial Deposits Soils of the OSU Campus CsB Crosby-Urban land complex CrB Crosby silt loam KO Kokomo silty clay loam Ut Udenthents-Urban land complex CfB Celina-Urban land comlex MnC Miamian-Urban land complex ErnB Eldean-Urban land complex Rs Ross silt loam Uw Urban land-Genesee complex Ux Urban land-Ockley complex Uv Urban land-Celina complex HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE OSU CAMPUS Groundwater in the Consolidated Rocks Groundwater in Surficial Aquifers STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SURFICIAL DEPOSITS OF THE OSU CAMPUS 23 CONCLUSION 30 List of Figures Page Figure I Physiographic diagram of Ohio (from Schmidt and Goldthwait, 1950) Figure 2 Bedrock geologic map and cross section of Ohio (Ohio Geological Survey, 1995) Figure 3 Glacial deposits map of Ohio (Ohio Geological Survey, 1997) 5 Figure 4 Bedrock topography and flow
    [Show full text]
  • Sessions Calendar
    Associated Societies GSA has a long tradition of collaborating with a wide range of partners in pursuit of our mutual goals to advance the geosciences, enhance the professional growth of society members, and promote the geosciences in the service of humanity. GSA works with other organizations on many programs and services. AASP - The American Association American Geophysical American Institute American Quaternary American Rock Association for the Palynological Society of Petroleum Union (AGU) of Professional Association Mechanics Association Sciences of Limnology and Geologists (AAPG) Geologists (AIPG) (AMQUA) (ARMA) Oceanography (ASLO) American Water Asociación Geológica Association for Association of Association of Earth Association of Association of Geoscientists Resources Association Argentina (AGA) Women Geoscientists American State Science Editors Environmental & Engineering for International (AWRA) (AWG) Geologists (AASG) (AESE) Geologists (AEG) Development (AGID) Blueprint Earth (BE) The Clay Minerals Colorado Scientifi c Council on Undergraduate Cushman Foundation Environmental & European Association Society (CMS) Society (CSS) Research Geosciences (CF) Engineering Geophysical of Geoscientists & Division (CUR) Society (EEGS) Engineers (EAGE) European Geosciences Geochemical Society Geologica Belgica Geological Association Geological Society of Geological Society of Geological Society of Union (EGU) (GS) (GB) of Canada (GAC) Africa (GSAF) Australia (GSAus) China (GSC) Geological Society of Geological Society of Geologische Geoscience
    [Show full text]
  • Wetlands in Teays-Stage Valleys in Extreme Southeastern Ohio: Formation and Flora
    ~ Symposium on Wetlands of th'e Unglaclated Appalachian Region West Virginia University, Margantown, W.Va., May 26-28, 1982 Wetlands in Teays-stage Valleys in Extreme Southeastern Ohio: Formation and Flora David ., M. Spooner 1 Ohio Department of Natural Resources Fountain Square, Building F Columbus, Ohio 43224 ABSTRACT. A vegetational survey was conducted of Ohio wetlands within an area drained by the preglacial Marietta River (the main tributary of the Teays River in southeastern Ohio) and I along other tributaries of the Teays River to the east of the present-day Scioto River and south of the Marietta River drainage. These wetlands are underlain by a variety of poorly drained sediments, including pre-Illinoian lake silts, Wisconsin lake silts, Wisconsin glacial outwash, and recent alluvium. A number of rare Ohio species occur in these wetlands. They include I Potamogeton pulcher, Potamogeton tennesseensis, Sagittaria australis, Carex debilis var. debilis, Carex straminea, Wo(f(ia papu/({era, P/atanthera peramoena, Hypericum tubu/osum, Viola lanceo/ata, Viola primu/({o/ia, HO/lonia in/lata, Gratio/a virginiana, Gratiola viscidu/a var shortii and Utriculariagibba. In Ohio, none of thesewetlandsexist in their natural state. ~ They have become wetter in recent years due to beaver activity. This beaver activity is creating J open habitats that may be favorable to the increase of many of the rare species. The wetlandsare also subject to a variety of destructive influences, including filling, draining, and pollution from adjacent strip mines. All of the communities in these wetlands are secondary. J INTRODUCTION Natural Resources, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Field Work, 1978 by the Ontario Geological Survey
    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Map of Pleistocene Proglacial Lake Tight Based on GIS Modeling and Analysis
    OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE JAMES L. ERJAVEC 57 A New Map of Pleistocene Proglacial Lake Tight Based on GIS Modeling and Analysis JAMES L. ERJAVEC1, GIS & Environmental Management Technologies LLC, Mason, OH, USA. ABSTRACT. Glacial-age Lake Tight was first mapped by John F. Wolfe in 1942. Wolfe compiled his map from photographs of 50 USGS topographic maps, and used the 900-foot contour to delineate its shoreline. An estimate, as reported by Hansen in 1987, suggested an area of approximately 18,130 km2 (7,000 mi2) for the lake. Using a geographic information system (GIS) environment, an updated map of Lake Tight was developed employing the 275-meter (902-foot) elevation contour. Calculations now suggest the area of Lake Tight was 43 percent larger or approximately 26,000 km2 (10,040 mi2) and the volume approximately 1,120 km3 (268 mi3). The reconstruction of Lake Tight in a GIS creates a spatial analysis platform that can support research on the origin and development of the lake, the geologic processes that occurred as a consequence of the advance of the pre-Illinoian ice, and the origin of the Ohio River. The development of the upper Ohio Valley during the Quaternary Period remains one of the outstanding problems in North American geology. The details of the transition from the Teays River to Lake Tight, and from Lake Tight to the Ohio River, are poorly understood despite more than 100-years passing since the first significant study of those changes. A refined understanding of the area and depth of Lake Tight is essential but is complicated by fundamental unknowns—such as the location of the pre-Illinoian ice margin and the extent and consequence of isostatic flexure of the lithosphere due to ice-loading and lake-loading.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Expla- Evolution Than in the Surrounding Glaciated the Modern Floodplain Surface (Flock, Nation for the Particularly Deep Incision of Regions
    4–7 Nov. GSA 2018 Annual Meeting & Exposition JULY 2018 | VOL. 28, 7 | VOL. NO. 2018 JULY A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA® Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Upper Mississippi River, Stream Piracy, and Reorganization of North American Mid-Continent Drainage Systems JULY 2018 | VOLUME 28, NUMBER 7 SCIENCE 4 Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Upper Mississippi River, Stream Piracy, and Reorganization of North American GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news Mid-Continent Drainage Systems and information for more than 26,000 GSA member readers Eric C. Carson et al. and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (March/ April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The Cover: Wisconsin River at Ferry Bluff. See related article, ® Geological Society of America Inc. (GSA) with offices at p. 4 –11. 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this GSA 2018 Annual Meeting publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. © 2018 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights 12 Abstracts Deadline reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted 13 GeoCareers permission, without fees or request to GSA, to use a single figure, table, and/or brief paragraph of text in subsequent 13 On To the Future work and to make/print unlimited copies of items in GSA TODAY for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science.
    [Show full text]
  • The Teays Preglacial Drainage System Pleasant
    THE TEAYS PREGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF PLEASANT TOWNSHIP, MADISON COUNTY, OHIO A Senior Thesis Prepared by Ann M. Klisz for Geology and Mineralogy 570 The Ohio State University Prepared by May Jl, 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................ .iii ABSTRACT . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •. .• .. .. • . .. • . iv INTRODUCTION...................... ............•........ 1 THE GEOGRAPHY OF PLEASANT TOWNSHIP..................... 2 Location and Size of the Area........... Settlement of the Madison County Area Agriculture Non-Farm Development Mineral Resources Climate GEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY..................... 8 Drainage and Topography Deer Creek Deer Creek Lake Stratigraphy and Structure of the Bedrock ....... 13 Water-bearing properties Newburg zone Soils of Pleasant Township THE TEAYS RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ....................... 20 Introduction Course of the Teays Major Tributaries of the Teays in Ohio Deposits in the Teays Valley Coarse Material Sands Minford Silt TABLE OF CONTENTS Drainage Modifications The Kansan or Pre-Kansan Glacier The Illinoian Glacier The Wisconsin Glacier GROUND WATER CONDITIONS IN PLEASANT TOWNSHIP............ 34 UMMARY . • . • • . • . • . • • . • . • • • . • • • . • • • • . • • • . • . • • . • 44 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.....•.........• ...............•........• 46 REFERENCES .......•............•........•.•.....•..•.•... 47 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES page 1. Map of Ohio, Showing Counties and Streams...... 3 2. Map of Madison County and its Townships ........ 4 J. Distribution
    [Show full text]
  • Sunlight-Mediated Inactivation of Health-Relevant Microorganisms in Water: a Review of Mechanisms Cite This: Environ
    Environmental Science Processes & Impacts View Article Online CRITICAL REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms Cite this: Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts,2018,20,1089 and modeling approaches Kara L. Nelson, *a Alexandria B. Boehm, b Robert J. Davies-Colley,c MichaelC.Dodd,d Tamar Kohn,e Karl.G.Linden,f Yuanyuan Liu,g Peter A. Maraccini,b Kristopher McNeill, h William A. Mitch, †b Thanh H. Nguyen,i Kimberly M. Parker, j Roberto A. Rodriguez,k Lauren M. Sassoubre,l Andrea I. Silverman, m Krista R. Wiggintonn and Richard G. Zeppo Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Age in Ohio
    The Ice Age in Ohio INTRODUCTION The Pleistocene Epoch, commonly known as the Ice Age, is a small segment of geologic time spanning most of the last 2 million years of the Quaternary Pe- riod. The Pleistocene ended about 10,000 years ago, which was the beginning of the Holocene or Recent The Epoch. The sediments deposited by or in association with the glaciers of the Pleistocene represent the Ice Age fi rst well-documented deposits in Ohio since the Ice Age early Permian Period, about 280 million years ago. Erosion and nondeposition during the latter part of the Permian, all of the Mesozoic Era, and most of the Tertiary Period resulted in no preserved rock record in Ohio for this immense span of time. Despite inOhioOhio the comparatively short length of the Pleistocene, it has been one of the most infl uential geologic epi- sodes in the cultural and economic development of by Michael C. Hansen Ohio. Sediments deposited during the Pleistocene, especially in the latter portion of this epoch, cover all but the southeastern third of the state and have been only slightly modifi ed by erosion since melting of the last glacier. These sediments constitute the rich agricultural soils of Ohio, furnish raw materials for construction such as clay and sand and gravel, and form extensive aquifers. Pleistocene deposits are environmentally important as sites for landfi lls, as source material for some landslides, and as a medium that enhances ground motion during earth- quakes. The confi guration of the glaciated landscape has directly infl uenced settlement and development patterns across the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Drainage Evolution and Fish Dispersal in the Central Appalachians: Summary
    f! n r G.S. il \\jì Û id W ¡Lem" Drainage evolution and fish dispersal in the central Appalachians: Summary CHARLES H. HOCUTT University of Maryland, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, Appalachian Environmental Lab- oratory, Frostburg State College Campus, Gunter Hall, Frostburg, Maryland 21532 INTRODUCTION ships on the basis of present species distributional patterns even though complementary geological data are lacking. Thus, it is The study of fish dispersal in the central Appalachians is a stressed that zoogeographic conclusions regarding past drainage perplexing problem to ichthyologists, who often must rely on patterns are best based on facts supported by a combination of geological literature to determine past drainage relationships. geological and biological evidence. Many classical geomorphological treatments of drainage history The central Appalachian mountains are recognized as a major and evolution are often dated (1884—1934), and controversial as area (theater) of stream piracy (Hocutt and others, 1978). The well. Biogeographers sometimes conjecture past drainage relation- Mississippi drainage-Atlantic slope divide probably once stood Figure 1. Present-day drainage of the upper Kanawha River study area with 305-m contour interval (above sea level) superimposed. Indicated contour is reflective of the presumed level of Teays Lake, or Lake Tight, a Pleistocene glacial lake. This illustration is Figure 3 in the corresponding article in Part II. Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part I, v. 90, p. 129-130, 1 fig., February 1979, Doc. no. S90101. 129 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/90/2/129/3429513/i0016-7606-90-2-129.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 130 C.
    [Show full text]