Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

An Alteration of the Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0: A Comparative Study

B. K. Hiremath1 & Anand Y. Kenchakkanavar2 1Librarian, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida-201301 (UP). 2Junior Research Fellow, Department of Studies in Library and Information Science, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, INDIA

Abstract : The development of Web is changed to Web was established by Tim Burners-Lee be as an entire improvement in the present world. in late 1989 (Getting ) He outlook of the abilities of The as the prevalent information the World Wide Web was expressed by three construct has had much progress since its improvements, typically associated with three initiations. The main purpose of this paper points that is, the Web of documents (Web 1.0), the surrounding the developments of the web from web Web of people (Web 2.0) and the Web of data (the 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0. Web 1.0 first generation still-to-be-realised Web 3.0) (Anderson, 2007). web like a web of information connections, Web 2.0 Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) the second generation web like a web of person to USSR initiated first artificial earth satellite person connections, Web 3.0 like a ‘Sputnik’ in 1957. In 1958 United States funds the these all web connections are explained as three ARPA within the Department of Defence and in generations of the web in this paper. This paper 1969 ARPANET started. ARPANET is first explains that the development of staring from the packet-switch network and connected four web to the future developments in the field of Web universities. In 1970 ARPANET used the Network Technology. Control Protocol (NCP) and in 1971 fifteen sites linked universities and research organisations. In Keywords: ICT, , IT, Web 1.0, Web 2.0, 1984 Jon Postel and Paul Mockapertis introduced Web 3.0 and WWW Domain Name System (DNS) and first registered domain is symbolic.com. In 1983 NCP is changed Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Introduction (TCP/IP) (Leiner et al 2009). The worldwide alterations particularly the Information and Communication Technologies The World Wide Web produces a (ICTs) have made an impact on the functioning of multidimensional web of infrastructure. The WWW modern society. The developments of ICTs have plan was initially developed to provide a circulated changed the users’ prospect from the modern hypermedia system which could without difficulty society in different ways. The use of ICTs as a tool access from any desktop computer and information that would like to provide an effective reach across the world. The WWW contains communication and information services to standard formats for text, graphics, sound, and peoples. The World Wide Web (WWW) has to a video which can be indexed simply and searched great extent changed the way people access by all networked machines. The WWW is only one information and communication with other people. of the techniques of practical implementations of Social Medias are communication through the the Internet. The WWW presents the interment internet that enables social relations. It is an groups and new opportunity to develop the effective approach for people to use in worldwide field of the texts, images, animations, communicating and interacting with each other. sounds, etc., all parts of which are quick to cross Recent proceed in Information Technology (IT) connect with everyone. W3C (2007) paper have not only improved the facility to access, store describes initially WWW program improvement and process information in worldwide but also have continues on the NeXT (TBL). This was a ‘What brought ought the significant changes in the You See Is What You Get’ (WYSIWYG) browser concept, advance services, functioning and or editor with straight inline creation of links. The management. World Wide Web has developed in primary web server was nxoc01.cern.ch, afterwards exponentially within the last few years. called info.cern.ch, and the first web page is http://nxoc01.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject. html.

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Internet users around worldwide 40 per user’s nearly 2.1 billion are in the top twenty cent of the peoples have an internet connection countries. China is the most internet users (642 today. In 1995 Internet users are worldwide less million in 2014) in the world and the next three than 1%. Internet users’ year by year has improved countries are United States, India and Japan. The from 1999 to 2013. The internet users initially figure-1 and table-1 below show the number of billion was achieved in 2005, second billion was global internet users per year since 1993 and reached in 2010 and the third billion was Country wise internet users. successfully reached in 2014. Worldwide internet Figure 1: Internet users in the world from 1993 to 2014 (As on 1st July 2014)

http://www.internetlivestats.com

Table 1: Internet users of the top ten different countries

Ran Countr Internet 1 1 Year Total 1 Yr Penetrati Country' Country k y Users Year User Country Populati on s share 's share Growt Growth Population on (% of of World of h % Change Pop. Populati World (%) with on Internet Internet) Users 1 China 641,601,0 4% 24,021,0 1,393,783,8 0.59% 46.03% 19.24% 21.97% 70 70 36 2 United 279,834,2 7% 17,754,8 322,583,00 0.79% 86.75% 4.45% 9.58% States 32 69 6 3 India 243,198,9 14% 29,859,5 1,267,401,8 1.22% 19.19% 17.50% 8.33% 22 98 49 4 Japan 109,252,9 8% 7,668,53 126,999,80 -0.11% 86.03% 1.75% 3.74% 12 5 8 5 Brazil 107,822,8 7% 6,884,33 202,033,67 0.83% 53.37% 2.79% 3.69% 31 3 0 6 Russia 84,437,79 10% 7,494,53 142,467,65 -0.26% 59.27% 1.97% 2.89% 3 6 1 7 German 71,727,55 2% 1,525,82 82,652,256 -0.09% 86.78% 1.14% 2.46% y 1 9 8 Nigeria 67,101,45 16% 9,365,59 178,516,90 2.82% 37.59% 2.46% 2.30% 2 0 4

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

9 United 57,075,82 3% 1,574,65 63,489,234 0.56% 89.90% 0.88% 1.95% Kingdo 6 3 m 10 France 55,429,38 3% 1,521,36 64,641,279 0.54% 85.75% 0.89% 1.90% 2 9

Source: http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country/

Journey of World Wide Web (WWW) Web 1.0 is the first generation, functioning of the web it lasted from 1989 to 2005 and Tim Burners- In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee projected the Lee in 1989 recommended and creating a proposed of an international system of protocols. It comprehensive space (Aghaei, is distributed hypermedia server and it permits Net Nematbakhsh & Farsani, 2012). In web 1.0 is a users to arrange electronic documents that are very small number of writers formed web pages for composites or pointers to, many different files of a huge number of readers. Web 1.0 was the mainly potentially different types, scattered across the a read-only web. The idea behind of the web 1.0 world. Tim Berners-Lee named as the World Wide was to make a common information space within Web (WWW). Tim Berners-Lee of the European the internet user’s and exchanging of Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) developed communication through sharing information. Web the WWW and a lot of communication protocols 1.0 offered the contact information example email, that form the backbone of the WWW (Cohen- address, phone number, fax and it also provides Almagor, 2011). brochures to similarly advertisements in newspapers and magazines. The websites The World Wide Web has the ability to integrated static Hyper Text Mark-up Language present huge amounts of diverse, complex, (HTML) pages that reorganized infrequently multimedia information that is richly (Singh, Gulati & Gulati, 2011). interconnected and cross-referenced through hypermedia links. Unfortunately, when navigating The main aim of the web 1.0 is to through such large hypermedia documents, users distribute the information for anybody at any time may encounter several problems. It is easy to and create an online presence. Users and visitors of become entangled in a large and complex web of the websites could only visit the sites without any decentralized, unstructured, and largely irrelevant impacts or contributions and linking structure was information. Web users can become disoriented too weak. Web 1.0 is a system of interlinked and when overloaded with massive amounts of whole protocols included HTTP, HTML, URI information, much of which may be irrelevant. This Newer Protocols are XML, XHTML and it disorientation, or tendency to lose one's sense of provides hypertext documents through accessed location and direction, is often a consequence of using the Internet. The main purpose of web 1.0 is searching through large nonlinear hypermedia to create an online presence and to make their documents (Head, Archer and Yuan, 2000) information accessible to anybody at any time (Patel 2013). The WWW permits to the users of computer to position and view multimedia-based Web 2.0 files for example text, animation, graphics, audios/ videos files etc. In the present day computer Web 2.0 is the second generation of web. applications can be written to communicate along The term web 2.0 was officially distinct in October with the worldwide hundreds of millions of 2004 and the term coined by Dale Dougherty computers. The Internet can create our work easier (O’Reilly Media) and Craig Cline (Media Live). by integration computing and communications The idea started through a conference technologies. It builds information immediately and brainstorming session among O’Reilly and Media easily accessible worldwide. The paper describes a Live International (O'Reilly, 2005). holistic analysis of the WWW eventually become the World Wide Web. Here author would like to Tim O’Reilly defines ‘Web 2.0 is the explain about the most important differences business revolution in the computer industry among Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on Web 1.0 that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in get better the more people use them (O’Reilly, participative web. Web 2.0 is absolutely the 2006).’ subsequently big thing in the World Wide Web and it offers use of recent technologies and concepts in Web 2.0 is considered as read-write web order to create the user familiarity, more and it permits managing and assembling large interactive, useful and interrelating. Web 2.0 is not worldwide multitude with familiar interests in only a new version of web 1.0 it includes Flexible social relations. The term Web 2.0 is usually linked web design, creative reuse, updates, collaborative with web applications that make easy interactive content creation and modification were facilitated with an information sharing, interoperability, user- through web 2.0. The web 2.0 included cantered design, and collaboration on the World technologies and services and it consist blogs, Wide Web. Social networking sites main propose is Audio, Chats, Bookmarking, Calendar, E- real-time channels for information sharing and commerce, E-mail, Games, E-learning, communication. Social networking sites are communication, Forums, Mapping, Multimedia encouraging social interaction through profile- Wiki, Portals, really simple syndication (RSS), based user accounts. Social networking sites focus Mashups, Tags, etc., (Hassan, Sarhan, & El- on new avenues for communication and Dosouki, 2012) The differentiations among Web relationship with users (Kenchakkanavar, 2015). 1.0 and Web 2.0 are several that are describe in the following table. Web 2.0 is also identified the knowledge web, people-centric web, read-write web, and Table-2 A Comparison of web 1.0 and web 2.0

SI No Web 1.0 Web 2.0 1 Tim Berners Lee Tim O’Reilly 2 Read only web Read and write web 3 Hardware costs Bandwidth costs Hardware costs Bandwidth costs 4 Companies Participation 5 Millions of people users Billions of people user 6 Friend List, Address Book Social networking Sites 7 Information sharing Interaction 8 One Directional Bi-Directional 9 Connect information Connect people 10 Personal Websites Blog and Social Profile 11 Companies Group communities 12 Client-Server Peer to Peer 13 HTML, Portals XML, RSS 14 Taxonomy Tags 15 Individual Sharing 16 Web forms Web applications 17 Static content and one way publishing Two way communication through social media information Web 3.0 Tim Berners Lee inventor of the World Wide Web was the one who came up with thought Web 3.0 a phrase coined by John Markoff of Semantic Web i.e. web 3.0. Which intends to of the New York Times in 2006 is third generation Read Write Intelligent web, individually oriented, of the World Wide Web, usually conjectured to highly portable and provides User developed smart include semantic tagging of content. Web 3.0 is applications in terms of the characteristic at front also known as the Semantic Web the foundation of end? At backend characteristics web 3.0 provides the Semantic Web is . By using content (semantic)-aware and context-aware, next , ‘display only’ data is converted to generation browsing and searching capabilities, meaningful information which can be located, Richness to high data (Patel 2013). Web3.0 evaluated, and delivered by software agents (Patel supports world wide and web oriented 2013). architecture which in earlier stage was described as a web of document it deals mainly with static HTML documents, but dynamically rendered pages

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in and alternative formats should follow the same links are between documents or part of them conceptual layout standards whenever possible and (Choudhury, 2014). Table - 3 A Comparison of web 2.0 and web 3.0 SI No Web 2.0 Web 3.0

1 Tim O’Reilly Tim Berners Lee 2 Read and write web Executable Web 3 Social web Semantic web 4 Participation and interaction Understanding self 5 Bi-Directional Multi user virtual environment 6 Connect people Connect knowledge 7 Wikis, Wikipedia Semantic Wikis: Semantic MediaWiki, SemperWiki, Platypus, , Rhizome 8 Web 2.0 is more about 2 way communications Web 3.0 is curiusly undefined, AI and the through social networking, blogging, wikis, web learning what you want and delivering you tagging, user generated content and video. a Personalized web experience. 9 Google personalized, dump find, hakia : SWSE, Swoogle, Intellidimension 10 Google scholar, Book search Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromDl, BRICKS, Longwel 11 Community portals Semantic Forums and community portals: SIOC, OpenLink, DataSpaces 12 Online social networks Semantic Social Networks: FOAF, People aggregator

Conclusion 3. Getting. B. (2007). Basic Definitions: Web 1.0, Web. 2.0, Web 3.0. Available: Based on the above fact, this paper has http://www.practicalecommerce.com/articl given an overview from the evolution of the web. es/464/Basic-Definitions-Web-10-Web- Technologies can provide many possibilities, but 20-Web-30/. they cannot ‘fix’ meanings (Suthers, 2005). Web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0 were described as three 4. Choudhury, N (2014) World Wide Web generations of the web and the characteristics of the and Its Journey from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0. generations are compared. Future work on this International Journal of Computer paper will focus on the deeper and broader research Science and Information Technologies, about the new possible invention in journey of Vol. 5 (6), 8096-8100. World Wide Web and its issues. 5. Cohen-Almagor, R. (2011) Internet History.International Journal of Reference Technoethics, 2(2), 45-64.

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