Point of Use (POU) Water Treatment in Niger

Proposal for:

West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI)

presented by

January 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS II PROJECT SUMMARY TABLE III 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 4 1.1 Country Setting 5 1.2 Niger Health Care System 6 1.3 Health Indicators 7 1.4 Policy Environment 8 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10 2.1 Project Goal and Objectives 10 2.2 Expected Results and Impact 10 2.3 Linkages to USAID and TCCC Programs and Objectives 11 2.4 Technical Approach 12 2.4.1 Marketing Research 12 2.4.2 Marketing Plan 13 2.4.3 Marketing and Promotion 16 2.5 Gender Consideration and Action Plan 18 2.6 Environmental Review Form and Mitigation Plan 18 2.7 Sustainability Considerations 18 2.8 Implementation Schedule and Project Milestones 18 3 IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS 18 3.1 GFA / ANIMAS SUTURA 19 3.2 Other Partners 20 4 LOCAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT 22 4.1 General Management 22 4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 23 4.3 Reporting 24 5 PROPOSED OUTREACH AND COMMUNICATION PLAN 24 5.1 Branding and Marking 25 5.2 Project Launch 25 6 BUDGET AND BUDGET NARRATIVE 25

LIST OF ABBREVIATION S

ACC. American Chemistry Council ARD Associates in Rural Development CBD Community Based Distribution CDC Center for Disease Control CHR Centres Hospitaliers Régionaux CS Centre de Santé CSI Centre de Santé Intégré DSRP Direction Régionale de la Santé Publique GFA GFA Consulting Group GmbH KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (German Development Bank) MHE Ministry of Hydraulic and Environment MOH Ministry of Health MRR Maternités Régionales de Référence MUS Multiple Use Service NGO Non Government Organization ORS Oral Rehydration Solution ORT Oral Rehydration Treatment PDS Plan de Développement Sanitaire POU Point of Use PSE Projet Sectoriel Eau SEEN Société d’Exploitation des Eaux du Niger SPEN Société de Patrimoine des Eaux au Niger TCCC The Coca Cola Company USAID United States Agency For Development WADA Water and Development Alliance WAWI West African Water Initiative WHO World Health Organization

PROJECT SUMMARY TABL E

IMPLEMENTING TOTAL MATCHING SUMMARY GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATED CONTRACT/ ORFANIZATION BUDGET FUNDS/LEVERAGE OF LOCATION # GRANT (indicate “cash” vs. “in- ACTIVITIES BENEFICIARIES ADMISTRATOR kind”) GFA Consulting 642.303 1.) $17,500 (Cash) Introduce, distribute, and Maradi region 115,000 GETF, ARD, Group with USD Estimated Sales promote an affordable and beneficiaries in Chlorine ANIMAS SUTURA Revenue appropriate locally branded 14.375 Chemistry 2.) $ 50,000 (In Kind) Est Point of Use (POU) Water households (five Foundation Value of Sales Force Treatment product for percent of Distribution Network diarrhea prevention in Maradi’s 287,500 (Project maintains 25 Maradi, Niger. households will sales agents who will be treating their be involved in water on a promotion and consistent basis distribution. with the socially 3.) $10,000 Est. In Kind marketed POU Value) Preferential product) Media rates due to project relationships established by other projects 4.) $50 – 100,000: Not yet available, negotiations on-going with UNICEF for cash and or in kind product TOTAL 642.303 USD

iii

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

GFA Consulting Group and its implementing partners Futures Group and the Nigerian Social Marketing Association, ANIMAS SUTURA, will introduce, distribute, and promote an affordable and appropriate locally branded Point of Use (POU) Water Treatment product for diarrhea prevention in Niger. With support from the American Chemistry Council (ACC) through the Chlorine Chemistry Foundation, the Coca Cola/USAID Water and Development Alliance (WADA) and USAID/WAWI through ARD, this two year pilot project is tentatively scheduled to begin in the first quarter of 2009.

The program has been designed to ensure the development of a sustainable regional distribution network in Maradi. Supporting behavior change communication campaigns and the active involvement of an ever growing network of community health promoters charged with organizing and mobilizing rural women to practice safer home water use and consumption will contribute significantly to the MOH goal of reducing morbidity and mortality due to diarrheal disease in children under five.

By the end of the two year project, it is expected that women within the initial pilot region will be significantly more knowledgeable on the dangers of untreated water consumption and of the benefits of using a water purification tablet with dangerous water supply then their peers in non- project regions.

Also by the end of year two, ANIMAS SUTURA will have:  Developed and launched a locally branded POU water treatment product  Developed a private sector distribution system in Maradi making use of and expanding existing ANIMAS SUTURA private sector sales points including small wholesalers, street hawkers, pharmacies, grocery outlets and a wide variety of other non traditional sales outlets.  Developed a self sustaining community based distribution system linking rural women distributors with local community integrated health centres (CSI’s).  Developed an effective promotional campaign to encourage the purchase and use of a locally branded water treatment product  Sold 3.9 million socially marketed POU water treatment products  Developed a nationwide rollout plan.

Though initially limited to Maradi, it is anticipated that this two-year project will be rolled out in year three to ensure national product coverage through a follow up program. Should additional funding be made available, a more rapid national roll out is envisioned.

Currently, ANIMAS SUTURA is negotiating with UNICEF to add a complementary, locally branded oral rehydration product to its family health product line; it should be made available for distribution and promotion alongside of the proposed POU water treatment product, offering Nigerian

families a more complete solution to preventing and managing diarrhoeal disease.

1 . 1 Country Setting

Niger is a landlocked country located in West Africa’s Sahara region, surrounded by Nigeria, Chad, Libya, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin. The Niger River flows in the Southwest, watering the only fertile land in the country; elsewhere, the climate is predominantly hot and dry, with temperature ranging from 45º to 10º Celsius.1 Climatic conditions are marked by extreme variability and precipitation is insufficient with only three to four months of rainy season per year. Drought, desertification, population dynamics and poverty considerably disrupt Niger’s development process.

The population of Niger includes Haussa, Zarma, Peuls, Tuaregs, Kanouri, Arabs, Gourmantche, Beri-Beri, Toubou, and Songhai. The country’s mosaic of languages includes French, the official language, as well as Hausa, Zarma, Peul, Tomacheke and other smaller speech communities. Estimated at 13,597,0002, Niger population is rather young – 49.1% under 15 years – with an annual growth rate of 3.1%3. Niger’s total fertility of 7.1 children per woman is among the highest in the world. 80% of the population live in rural areas.4 The great majority practices Islam and an estimated 20% practice other indigenous religions and Christianity.5

Niger is one of the least developed countries in the world. Public sector services and infrastructure are poor. Nearly half of the government’s budget is derived from foreign donor resources.6 Despite the exploitation of minerals – including uranium, coal, gold and oil – the country’s economy is highly dependent on subsistence crops and livestock. There is little or no manufacturing capacity. Drought, desertification, high population growth, low literacy rates and severe poverty all are factors weighing heavily on the development process.

Table 1: Country Data7, 8

NIGER Population estimates (July 2007) 13, 597,000 Population growth rate (2007 estimate) 2.898% Birth rate 50.16/1,000 population Population ratio (urban vs. rural) 1/5 Literacy rate (age 15 and over, can 28.7% read & write)

1 Service Communal de l’Aménagement du Territoire et Développement Communautaire. Monographie de la Commune Urbaine Maradi I. Maradi 2006. 2 WHO. Health Action in Crises: Food Security in Niger. October 2006 3 Ministère de la Santé. Plan de développement sanitaire. Conseil des Ministres Février 2005-2009. 4 Le livre Bleu: L’Eau, la Vie, le Développement Humain. Niger. 2004. 5 www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107843.html 6 CIA. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/ng.html. 2007. 7 CIA. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/ng.html. 8 DHS. 2007. 5

Life expectancy 44.03 years Infant mortality rate 116.83 deaths/1,000 live births Total households with access to 43% improved water9 Urban households access 81% Rural households access 36% Population below poverty line (1993 63% estimates) Natural hazard Recurring drought

1 . 2 Niger Health Care System

Niger’s decentralized health care system gives the regions and districts considerable responsibility in planning and managing health programs at community/local (or “peripheral”), intermediary, and central levels. At the operational level, there are 42 “Health Districts”. A health district is a geographical area where the primary health care package is developed for a defined population. Each health district includes:

 “Cases de Santé” (CS). A CS is run by community health workers (Agents de Santé Communautaires (ASC). A CS mainly cares for common minor ailments. Complicated cases beyond community health workers competency are referred to the “Centre de Santé Intégré” or CSI.  Each CSI is headed by nurses with a State Diploma in Nursing. Cases beyond nurses’ competency at the CSI are referred to the District Hospital.  Each health district has a district hospital, a referral for all CS and CSI. All 42 district hospitals also refer cases to the intermediary level including “Centres Hospitaliers Régionaux” (CHR) and to “Maternités Régionales de Référence” (MRR).

The intermediary or “tactical” level is managed by the “Direction Régionale de la Santé Publique” (DRSP) which provides technical support to health districts. The country is covered by eight DRSPs which coordinate public health and service delivery activities at the regional level.

The national or central “strategic” level ensures treatment of complicated cases referred from the intermediary levels. In addition, training, research, and strategic planning are carried out at this level. This national level is made up of:  Three National Hospitals and one National Maternity;  The Minister’s departmental staff;  The Secrétaire General;  The “Directions Centrales”;  Attached services.

9 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation, June 2006. Coverage Estimates, Improved Drinking Water: Niger. 6

1 . 3 Health Indicators

The most recent indicators related to health and water are from the 2006 DHS.10 They show that:

 Diarrheal disease is the third cause of death (after malaria and respiratory infections) for children under five, and water-borne disease is prevalent throughout the country;  31% of children between six and eleven months and 21% of children under-five suffered from diarrhea within the two weeks preceding the survey;  18% were treated with ORS, and 11% treated with ORT;  Treatment with ORS/ORT increased with the educational status of the mother;  Under-five mortality in Niger is 198/1000 births;  Cholera epidemics emerge every year with 1169 reported cholera cases in 2006.

In 2005, diarrhea was the third leading cause of all morbidity and a major contributor to premature death.11

Table 2: Leading causes of morbidity in Niger Condition/ disease Morbidity (%) Malaria 22.71 Respiratory infections 23.86 Diarrhea 11.34

Table 3: Diarrhea Morbidity in Health Clinics, Niger Diarrhea Simple Dy- Bloody Bil- Cho- Para- & Total Region Diarrhea sente- Diar- harzia lera sites Dehydra % % ry % rhea % % % % tion % Agadez 6.01 0.43 2.35 0.31 0.04 0.00 4.85 13.99 Diffa 4.89 0.91 2.22 0.37 0.14 0 2.74 11.27 Dosso 4.03 0.5 1.65 0.22 0.07 0 2.92 9.39 Maradi 5.38 0.88 3.10 0.36 0.04 0 2.07 11.83 Tahoue 7.46 0.78 3.46 0.49 0.21 0.05 3.97 16.42 Tillaberi 4.36 0.63 2.59 0.25 0.15 0 3.22 11.20 Zinder 2.93 0.59 2.35 0.29 0.03 0 1.25 7.44 Niamey 3.21 0.60 0.99 0.13 0.15 0 3.05 8.13 Niger 4.88 0.66 2.45 0.31 0.10 0.01 2.93 11.34

10 Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances, Institut National de la Statistique, ORC Macro, Septembre 2006. Niger: Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples EDSN/MICS-II: Rapport Préliminaire. 11 Ministère de la Santé Publique et da la Lutte Contre les Endémies, Secrétariat Général, System National d’Information Sanitaire, 2005. Annuaire des Statistiques Sanitaires Année 2005. 7

Table 4: Diarrhea Mortality in Health Clinics, Niger Region Mortality from Diarrhea % Agadez 6 Diffa 10 Dosso 6 Maradi 11 Tahoue 7 Tillaberi 6 Zinder 13 Niamey 36 Niger 10

Although the efforts of the government and its partners to improve water and sanitation coverage are yielding positive results, much remains to be done. Targets that have been reached are uneven, mainly located in urban areas. Overall, low income groups and rural settings remain underserved. The challenge of providing improved water to all in Niger is exacerbated by:

 Settlements in mushrooming peri-urban areas that in many cases are neither managed by current city administration nor rural planning departments;  Widely scattered rural populations that are often left with no other choice but to drink water of questionable quality; and,  Poverty, poor infrastructure and the country’s geographic and geologic situation.

The concept of access to safe, improved water goes beyond “improved sources,” however, and encompasses the entire water chain including collection at the source, storage, and the containers/vessels at the point-of- use. Since microbial contamination can occur all along the chain (collection, transport, and storage), this broadened concept of improved access widens the field of action necessary to controlling endemic waterborne disease in Niger.

1 . 4 Policy Environment

Niger is a signatory of “la Décennie Internationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement” and “Stratégie Accélérée pour la Survie et le Développement de l’Enfant”. These policy resolutions provide the framework for the “Plan de Développement Sanitaire” (PDS) which focuses on improved public health and decreasing under-five mortality through improved hygiene, sanitation, and integrated management of childhood illness.

Water-related diseases including diarrhea are primarily managed at the local level through the Case de Santé (Health Post) and/or Centre de Santé Intégré (Integrated Health Center). Water resources are the responsibility of the Ministry of Hydraulic and Environment (MHE). This ministry oversees the water-related sector or “Projet Sectoriel Eau” (PSE). Much donor funding for programs related to water is channeled to the government through the PSE. In agreement with donors, mainly the World Bank, the French Development Agency and the African Development Bank (ADB), PSE established a structure called “Société de Patrimoine des Eaux au

Niger” (SPEN) which owns the infrastructure and oversees all administrative procedures. The sector’s planning, coordination and facilitation are done through three agencies known as Central Divisions (“Directions Centrales” – DCs) and a network of decentralized Regional Divisions (“Directions Régionales” - DRHs).

In order to ensure adequate resource management and distribution, the water sector is divided into two principal areas: urban and rural. The urban subsector provides water access to major cities throughout the country (±52) including Niamey, and is dominated by the “Societe d’Exploitation des Eaux du Niger” (SEEN). The SEEN is a private company, an affiliate of the French company Veolia Corporation. The SEEN works under MHE under a lease/contract and one of SEEN’s evaluation milestones is the geographic extension of the country’s improved water distribution network to underserved communities. Although 80% of the population live in rural areas,12 the SEEN concentrates solely in urban areas, leaving the government responsible for providing improved water to all rural settlements and some poor peri-urban neighborhoods. Average water coverage by the SEEN in all 52 urban centers is said to be 67%13. The MHE stated that 60.3% of the rural population has access to improved water compared to 48.9% in Niamey’s peri-urban areas.

According to the MHE, a household is said to have access to improved water if its water is either piped into the home or is from a borne fountain (BF), a borehole (forage) or protected well, or a truck vendor, and if it takes less than 30 minutes to fetch the water from its source to the household. Based on that definition, in 2007, the National Institute of Statistics suggested that 68.7% of Niger’s population has access to improved water, with 96% having access in urban areas and 60.3% in rural areas. Tap water and boreholes are the main sources. The table below details improved water coverage in 2007 as compared to the coverage in 200114.

Table 5: Urban areas improved water (SEEN) coverage

% Coverage 2001 % Coverage 2007 Niamey 57.0 57.9 Maradi 99.9 96.2 All Cities 61.1 61.5 Source: SEEN, 2007.

(Note, however, that estimates for national, urban, and rural access to improved water in Niger provided by the WHO Joint Monitoring Program are much lower than those provided by SEEN—see Table 1.)

The country’s public and private sector water initiatives are increasingly interrelated, with the public sector relying more and more on the private sector and private/bilateral funding for service delivery. Collaboration with the MOH as well as the MOE will also be essential. The MOH strategic

12 Le livre Bleu: L’Eau, la Vie, le Développement Humain. Niger. 2004. 13 Interview with Celia de Lavergne, Chargé de mission Développement Durable. Niamey 9 Février 2007 14 Interview with Celia De Lavergne. SEEN. Niamey 2007. 9

plan15 for improving overall health indicators includes support to the private sector for the provision of clean water in both peri-urban and rural areas. In this context, the project will work particularly closely with the MOH “Direction de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Education pour la Santé”.

Although working within the private sector, the Niger Social Marketing Program/AMIMAS SUTURA integrates its community based distribution and rural communication activities within the operational level of the health care system (CS and CSI). All village training will be done in coordination with local Community Health Centers and promotion of the use of these facilities for preventive care and treatment will be promoted.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This two year pilot project has been designed to introduce, distribute, and promote an affordable and appropriate locally branded Point of Use (POU) Water Treatment product for diarrhoea prevention in Niger.

2 . 1 Project Goal a n d O b j e c t i v e s

The goal of the point of use program is to assist in the reduction of mortality and morbidity of Nigerian children under five from diarrheal disease. This will be accomplished by introducing and promoting consistent and correct use of a POU water treatment product to prevent diarrhea. GFA, with the support of WAWI and other partners, plans to achieve this goal through a combination of private and public sector approaches which will increase opportunity, ability and motivation to adopt POU water treatment behaviors.

The objectives of the program are:

(1) Improved access to POU water treatment products. (2) Sustained correct use of POU water treatment products.

Both of these objectives contribute to the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality due to diarrheal disease.

2 . 2 Expected Results and Impact

The two year pilot program has been designed to ensure the development of a sustainable regional distribution network for POU household water treatment products in Maradi and Niamey. Distribution will be supported by a comprehensive behavior change communication strategy and the active involvement of an ever growing network of community health workers, distribution agents and communication change agents who will organize and mobilize rural women to practice safer home water use and consumption thus contributing significantly to the MOH goal of reducing morbidity and mortality due to diarrheal disease in children under five.

It is expected that women within the initial pilot region will be significantly more knowledgeable than their peers in non-project regions on the dangers

15 Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la lutte contre les endémies. Direction de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Education pour la Santé. « CADRE STRATEGIQUE NATIONAL EN MATIERE D'HYGIENE ET D'ASSAINISSEMENT » Juin 2006. 10

of untreated water consumption and of the benefits of using a water purification tablets with dangerous water.

The project will brand and launch a POU product that will be recognized and accepted by the target populations. Knowledge of the product will exceed 50% in the pilot regions by the end of the project.

By the end of the two year pilot it is expected that five percent of Maradi’s 287,500 households will be treating their water on a consistent basis with the socially marketed POU product and that diarrheal episodes among these families will be significantly lower than the regional average and national average.

Sales and distribution during the 2 year project is expected to exceed 3.9 million tablets (for details see chapter 2.4.2.5).

By the end of the 2 year pilot program:

 The project will increase knowledge of danger of untreated water supply;  Over 50% of mothers of children will be aware of product;  5% of population within target areas will treat their water with POU product.

Although no specific quantified expected results for this program were found at either the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of Hydraulic, in reference to the PDS16, officials at the Ministry of Health 17 suggested that expectations from POU program are high. The Ministry of Water expects the program to considerably increase accessibility to clean water in locations with limited access. In addition to lowering mortality rates from diarrhea amongst young children (under five), the MOH expects a decrease in prevalence and mortality within the general population from waterborne diseases including cholera, typhoid and diarrhea. Moreover, based on the needs in the rural areas, the MOH expects this program to generate related projects including behavior change for sanitation (excreta handling) and hand washing.

2 . 3 Linkages to USAID and TCCC Programs and Objectives the West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI) partners active in Niger include World Vision, UNICEF, Winrock International, Desert Research Institute and Lions Clubs International. During 2009 it is also expected that WaterAid will commence activities in Niger. All WAWI partners works in close collaboration with various local NGOs, and wherever possible, coordinate with other international NGOs and donors active in the sector.

This pilot program has been designed to work with and to complement other consortium partners activities in the Maradi Region. The program will

16 Ministère de la Santé Publique. « Plan de Développement Sanitaire 2005-2009 » Niger 2005. 17 Interview Sadi Moussa. “Ministère de la Santé. Direction de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Education pour la Santé”. November 11, 2008. 11

take advantage of local program expertise and will collaborate to produce program communication materials that will be of value to all program partners.

At the national level, the program will work closely with both the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Hydraulics and Environment to ensure coordination of programming and to advocate for effective policy revue and activity expansion.

2 . 4 Technical Approach

2 . 4 . 1 Marketing Research

There are no point-of-use (POU) water treatment products available on the private market in Niger. Because of high costs and scarce wood supplies, boiling of water is not common. Mothers treating children for diarrhea with ORS are advised to use clean water but further treatment (boiling/chlorination) is not often practiced. Given the relatively high diarrhea prevalence rate and the lack of a household water treatment product on the market, in 2007, at the request of USAID and CDC and following earlier technical assistance/assessment visits by Rochelle Rainy of USAID, Danielle Lantagne of CDC made a technical assistance visit to Niger to assess the quality of water from different sources in Niamey and its surroundings. Results of this survey indicated that only Niamey municipal water supply tested positive for chlorine residuals. Additional samples from these locations were further tested with both liquid chlorine solution and tablets to determine the appropriate dosage for both clear and turbid water sources. At the same time visits to potential local manufacturers indicated that no local business had the necessary technical capacity to produce a reliable bottled chlorine product.

Following this preliminary work, GFA/Constella Futures Groups was contracted by USAID under the umbrella of the West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI) to conduct formative research on water treatment products in Niger.

The study was conducted in two phases consisting of:

 A review of available research and relevant data on POU water treatment issues. In summarizing this information, attention was focused on public health need, potential consumer demand, relevant on-going programs and interventions, and potential product/service delivery strategies.

 Product-usage tests, conducted at the household-level, to assess product acceptability, consumer preferences, benefits of and barriers to effective use, consumers’ willingness to pay, and other relevant behavioural issues.

Product usage testing was conducted from April to June 2007 in two of the eight regions of Niger, Niamey and Maradi. The two regions were chosen to take advantage of WAWI’s presence in Maradi and to obtain a good sampling of households accessing a range of different water sources,

including public water systems, boreholes, wells, and surface water (rivers, lakes and ponds). POU product usage testing focused on three POU water products, Aquatabs, Waterguard and PuR. Each product was tested in 64 family households for a period of eight days. The result in table 6 below suggests participants’ strong interest in these products and a clear willingness to purchase and use them should they be made available in Niger.

Table 6: Comparing and rating Aquatab, Waterguard and PuR Product Features and Aquatab Waterguard PuR Attributes

1. How do you appreciate the 97 % 86% 87.5% product? Very favorable Very favorable Very favorable 2. Did you like the product? 100% 95.3% 89.1% Very much Very much Very much 3. Would you buy the 100% 98.4% 87.5% product for daily use? Yes Yes Yes 4. Would you pay for it daily? 98.4% Yes 98.4% Yes 92% Yes

2 . 4 . 2 Marketing Plan

2.4.2.1 Product

Based on consumer preference (as indicated in the initial formative research), price, local manufacturing capacity, and product transport demands, a sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) water treatment tablet will be obtained and possibly re-packaged for branding and promotional purposes. We understand that Medentech provides a number of West African social marketing programs with their Aquatab product and there are indications that UNICEF might be willing to provide the project with needed chlorine tablets in the form of Medentech’s 67mg Aquatab tablet. The 67mg tablet typically treats 20 liters of drinking water. For particularly dirty water, two tablets are recommended. Presently, UNICEF distributes an unpackaged Aquatab product via the public sector. However, UNICEF views a social marketing approach as more sustainable on the long term and may be willing to procure the Aquatab product for this WAWI project.

The project will explore the possibility of acquiring the 67mg Aquatab product as a donation from UNICEF or purchased directly from Medentech with project funds. If UNICEF is not able to provide the tablets, an open international tender for product purchase (Aquatabs from Medentech, AquaSafe from Hydrachem, etc.), will be issued at the earliest possible moment to ensure a rapid launch.

2.4.2.2 Packaging

One of the first tasks will be to develop an appropriate local brand name and packaging design for the tablet product. This is particularly important since an unbranded Aquatab product will continue to remain available, at least for the short term, within the public sector. Attractive packaging coupled with innovative promotion will contribute to perception of value (to

ensure willingness to pay), create a positive image for the product, and will differentiate it from any public sector tablets that may be available.

Aquatabs are produced in strips of ten and Hydrachem’s Aqua Safe tablet in strips of eight. A dispenser unit will be developed allowing the retail sales agent to allow consumers the choice of strip or dispenser purchases depending on the purchasing power and need of the client. Individual tablet purchases will be discouraged.

Appropriate point of purchase instructions relying heavily on pictorial guidance (for low literacy audiences) will be included in the dispenser design and supplemented by point of purchase visuals and instruction leaflets.

2.4.2.3 Pricing Structure

The pilot project has been designed to address the needs of the rural poor. While the acceptability study indicated that women would indeed be willing to pay for this product, disposable cash at the rural level is often hard to come by. The study found that most rural women thought that they would be willing and able to pay ten francs CFA per tablet. Again, the product will be made available in strips of ten, thus allowing the retailer to sell a strip for 100 francs CFA.

Past experience would indicate that final in-country delivered packaged cost per chlorine tablet is about US$0.01 or about five francs CFA.

Table 7: Price Structure (Franc CFA)*

Purchase Wholesale Retail Consumer Product Price Price Price Price

Tablet 4.25 5 7 10

Strip of 10 Tablets 42.5 50 70 100

10 Pack Dispenser 425 500 700 1,000 Carton of 20 8,500 10,000 14,000 20,000 Dispensers

FCFA exchange rate: $1USD = 400 CFA

At a consumer price of ten francs CFA per tablet, the project can ensure appropriate wholesale and retail margins and over time should be able to cover all product and packaging replacement. Meanwhile the pilot will allow us to better determine rural clients’ ability to pay regularly for a product that requires consistent use over long periods of time.

2.4.2.4 Target Areas and Distribution Strategies

This pilot program has been designed to emphasize quality and sustainability of use and not quantity of sales. The launch of the product will be limited initially to the Maradi region of Niger and three pilot sites in close proximity to Niamey (Boubon, Kirtachi and Hamdalaye). The pilot sites around Niamey will allow essential project staff in ANIMAS SUTURA’s head

office in Niamey to better track and follow local community involvement and project development. Maradi offers the project the possibility of testing new products, community based distribution, and rural communication strategies with oversight and supervision assured via the ANIMAS SUTURA Maradi branch office. So too, Maradi is the region of concentration for WAWI partners and remains an area of interest and activity for UNICEF. By concentrating on this region the project will be able to more easily track and control distribution and more easily test and refine CBD and local communications strategies prior to national roll out.

Maradi: With a population of 2,300,000 the region of Maradi covers about 38,500 km². Its capital, Maradi, is Niger’s third largest city with a population of approximately 250,000. Located along the trade route north of Kano, Nigeria, Maradi is a thriving local trade center.

There are three regional radio stations located in Maradi and the region counts today seven community radio stations in neighboring towns.

Although the product will be promoted and sold throughout the Maradi region, more intensive interpersonal activities and CBD strategies will be developed in the seven sites hosting a community radio station. Our work with women’s groups in these seven districts will allow our “femmes relaies” to coordinate health promotion campaigns and activities around the districts Centres de Sante Integré. The women will regularly visit all villages within a ten km radius of these CSI’s.

Maradi-based distribution will be assured by ANIMAS SUTURA’s Maradi branch office. Current project promoters and salesmen will assure a rapid distribution of the product at all current Foula condom sales points. Unlike Foula condoms, the water treatment product has no social stigma and it should be relatively easy to expand beyond the current number of Maradi sales points within the first year of launch.

2.4.2.5 Sales Objectives

Again, this two year project has been designed not only to develop mass distribution strategies and promotional materials for an eventual nationwide rollout, but also to measure and track the quality of consumer use within selected pilot areas in Maradi and pilot sites around Niamey. For any water treatment project to have a long lasting impact, the project will need to quickly determine if consistent use over long periods of time is achievable among rural and poor households throughout Niger. By working with WAWI partners and others, and through the development of an effective integrated communication and CBD strategy the project will be able to more easily track use and impact in pilot sites. It is of course expected that these pilot site areas will achieve far greater usage rates than the rest of the Maradi region. Meanwhile, the project’s Maradi office and present distribution chain will quickly ensure product availability and presence in sales points throughout the region.

As with any new product, demand creation takes time. This is even more true for a rural population. With a population of about 2.3 million people, and assuming that a point of use water treatment unit (household unit) comprises eight persons, it is estimated that the Maradi region has about 287,500 households of which at least 60% would benefit from the use of a water treatment product. If the project would be able to achieve a consistent usage rate of five percent of this population by year 2 it is estimated that 2.6 million tablets would be needed for the second year alone.

(2,300,000 / 8 per family * .05 [percent households] * 60% [no access to clean water] * 300 tablets = 2,587,500 for year 2).

Projected year 1 sales: 1,300,000 Projected year 2 sales: 2,600,000 Reserve stock year 3: 5,000,000

In order to ensure medium term viability a minimum of nine million tablets will need to be procured.

2 . 4 . 3 Marketing and Promotion

With technical assistance form GFA, ANIMAS SUTURA will develop an integrated social marketing strategy that will take advantage of current distribution and communications infrastructure, a well known and effective radio drama series, and partnerships with NGOs and artists that have already been established. In 2009, the project will produce a second series of Aventures de Foula radio sketches. Participating radio stations will broadcast weekly AIDS and Family Planning episodes along with an additional four episodes concerning water related issues that will be produced and added to the program mix. This will allow NGO animateurs and radio stations to discuss and debate issues revolving around the importance and health benefits of clean water.

2.4.3.1 Behavior Change Strategy

ANIMAS SUTURA will develop effective behavior change communication tools to increase the demand for, and foster correct and consistent use of chlorine tablets while simultaneously promoting good hygiene, sanitation and water handling.

A comprehensive interactive community-based communication strategy for HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health has been developed and is currently being implemented by ANIMAS SUTURA in both rural and urban settings in Niamey and Maradi. This communication strategy relies heavily on local and community radio, grass root organizations, NGO’s and rural DBC agents and health communication promoters. ANIMAS SUTURA encourages an interactive participatory approach whereby communities meet regularly to discuss health needs, problems and solutions.

POU water products and complementary behavior change messages will be developed with national and international expertise and incorporated in on-going radio campaigns. In this way, the POU project will tap into an established and popular series that will be broadcast by over 40 radio stations throughout the country. More importantly campaign partners including over 50 NGOs, Peace Corps and Japanese JICA volunteers, selected schools and over 300 ANIMAS SUTURA trained peer educators and DBC agents will ensure that radio messages are understood and acted upon at the community level.

ANIMAS SUTURA will work with other local WAWI partners to ensure coordinated campaigns and to encourage the active participation of these partners in outreach campaigns. Training and campaign materials including cassettes, CD’s, discussion guides and flip charts will be made available to interested partners.

2.4.3.2 Mass Media and Product Promotion

Aside from radio spots, songs, point of purchase promotional materials and posters, the POU project will benefit from other on-going social marketing radio campaigns. During the 2 year project, ANIMAS SUTURA will produce at least four radio sketches per year. These sketches will be broadcast on a regular basis by participating regional and local radio stations. Selected local radio stations will support these campaigns by actively working with project partners including rural women promoters/ DBC agents, Peace Corps Volunteers, NGO’s and WAWI partners to ensure campaign follow up and active involvement of targeted communities.

Product promotion will be assured via radio spots, songs, competitions and traveling road shows. ANIMAS SUTURA has a permanent mobile promotion unit that will include product and campaign messages during their regular promotional events. This promotional team will be made available to other WAWI partners for special events and launches.

ANIMAS SUTURA will involve partners from both public and private sectors in the development of campaign messages, product promotion and behavior change communication. The POU program will ensure specialized training for a wide variety of partners including pharmaceutical and both private and public medical personnel, sales agents and outlets, rural 17

women networks, NGO’s and volunteer services. Product information leaflets will be developed and a pictorial version will be produced for inclusion in product packaging. All training will emphasize the need for repeated demonstration of product and proper use at the consumer level.

2 . 5 Gender Consideration and Action P l a n

Over the course of the two year program, the project will work closely with rural women. At least 300 rural women will be trained and act as community-based distribution and communication agents.

2 . 6 Environmental Review Form and Mitigation Plan

The POU social marketing project poses no environmental risks to project intervention areas. There is no construction required and the chlorine tablet that will be placed on the market has already been approved by medical and pharmaceutical authorities for distribution in Niger. Currently, UNICEF provides the Aquatab product for distribution at district health centers throughout the country. Please see the WAWI/WADA Environmental Review Form for additional information.

2 . 7 Sustainability Considerations

Though a pilot program, there is a high probability that sustained results can be achieved. The program will develop a demand for a needed health product. Throughout rural Niger the program will not require a price subsidy for product purchase, but will require outside funding to support marketing, promotion and education, at least during the pilot phase. In the longer term, sales revenue is expected to cover the cost of product re-supply and/or DBC agents motivation on a sales commission basis. Bundling other health products such as contraceptives, ORS, micronutrients and more will help to retain essential rural community interest, lesson program costs and allow DBC/village community communication agents to develop consistent, sustained and interesting communication programs throughout the year. Sales commissions on multiple essential health products will also help to ensure long term participation by trained CBD and community change agents.

2 . 8 Implementation Schedule and Project Milestones

See Annex 1.

3 IMPLEMENTING PARTNER S

3 . 1 GFA / ANIMAS SUTURA

In 2003 the Government of Niger with financial support from the German Development Bank KfW launched a five year Condom Social Marketing Project. Following intensive research and the participation of key partners and the public alike, an attractively packaged Nigerian condom was developed and placed on the private sector market. Less than five years later the condom brand “Foula” has become one of the most recognizable brands among all available fast moving trade items, with continually increasing sales and sustainable distribution. By the end of 2008, over 18 million condoms have been sold and the distribution system includes over 40 small and large wholesalers as well as over 3,000 individual sales points.

Perhaps more importantly, the program has demonstrated that a professional communication strategy supported by attractive products, affordable pricing and an effective distribution system can positively influence and improve the health behavior of Niger’s people. Thanks to innovative communication campaigns involving popular sports heroes and performing artists, sensitive products such as condoms and other contraceptives can now be openly presented and discussed even among a highly conservative and religious population.

In order to ensure sustainability, in 2005 a national social marketing organization, ANIMAS SUTURA, was created. ANIMAS SUTURA continues to be supported by the international consortium of GFA and Constella Futures. Today, the implementers of the Nigerian Social Marketing Project are expanding their product line to further improve the health of Niger’s population. Thanks to continued support from the German government, an oral contraceptive will be launched nationwide in 2009. The introduction of a medical product will require new distribution networks. Here too, ANIMAS SUTURA and its implementing partners, including local and community radio, women’s networks and local NGO’s, have been developing effective and innovative behaviour change strategies (see Annex 2: Fiche Signalitique de l’ANIMAS SUTURA).

In 2007, ANIMAS SUTURA worked with over 40 radio stations and 45 NGOs on an intensive and integrated reproductive health and HIV/AIDS campaign (see Annex 5 List of Partners by Region and Annex 6 List of Radio Stations by Region). The four-month campaign entitled “Les Aventures de Foula” was based on the production and broadcast of 15 radio sketches in all three of Niger’s major languages; French, Hausa and Zarma. Each sketch was broadcasted three times per day over a one week period and, at the end of the week, a radio debate was produced by each of the participating radio stations. Themes treated in the series included highly sensitive issues such as pre-marital and teen age sex, peer pressure, embarrassment over the purchase of a condom, school-based sex education, early marriages, and difficulties of communication between parents and their children.

In order to ensure more direct community involvement, several partner NGOs were trained to form and manage community listening and discussion groups. Each NGO furnished five discussion leaders who were each responsible for leading a minimum of three discussion groups per

week. In addition to creating a long term partnership with reliable NGOs, this campaign approach helped to hone each of the NGO “animateurs,” who over the four month period became more and more adept at organizing and directing lively debates and discussions. The program also helped to give direction and purpose to these NGOs which now have become able to offer an interesting and varied program to their constituents and beneficiaries over a sustained period of time.

In 2009, ANIMAS SUTURA will continue to work with its NGO base. The introduction of the oral contraceptive and the emphasis on reaching rural women of child-bearing age also means that the program must adapt and expand to reach a larger and more diverse target audience. Using the same strategy and similar materials developed for our partner NGOs, in 2009 ANIMAS SUTURA will begin to work with a number of “Groupements Feminins” which will be trained to organize and lead lively discussions in rural villages. These women will be the face, ears, eyes and voice of the project among rural women. And, in coordination with our communication program, these women will form the core of an effective community-based distribution (CBD) system that will ensure the presence and easy accessibility of all ANIMAS SUTURA health products at the village level. An effective Management Information System tied to regular visits, participation, purchase and use will also allow the project to constantly monitor, adapt and implement new and innovative strategies, themes and ideas.

The ANIMAS SUTURA infrastructure, communication campaigns and fast growing partner base offer a unique opportunity to integrate new POU water treatment products and messages within our current communication and distribution strategy.

3 . 2 Other Partners

Winrock International Winrock will be launching a significant effort in Multiple Use Services (MUS) promotion in Niger starting in the fall of 2008. MUS is a consumer-oriented approach to water service delivery that takes people’s multiple domestic and productive water needs as starting point for planning, financing, and managing integrated water services. Existing approaches to water service delivery typically focus on providing water for a single use – for example, drinking or irrigation. MUS has significant advantages over single-use services: as well as the expected benefits to health: it generates additional income and other benefits with a focus on community ownership that leads to greater sustainability.

The project “Water for Health and Wealth: Multiple-Use Water Services in Niger” will be implemented in the Zinder Region of Niger and will target two markets – communities and individual households (self-supply) – with a focus on strengthening the supply chain of low-cost water technologies. Specifically, the program will:

 Provide increased access to water for domestic and productive uses;  Reduce the incidence of diarrheal disease through increased access to safe drinking water and hygiene and sanitation promotion

(potable water handling and storage, hand washing, sanitation promotion, and livestock manure management);  Increase participating smallholders’ annual household incomes from livestock and horticultural production;  Catalyze a supportive environment for MUS learning, replication, and scale-up in Niger through outreach, education, and establishment of a multi-stakeholder MUS Learning Alliance.

As part of its efforts, Winrock would like very much to cooperate with the WAWI POU program implemented by GFA to ensure complementarity of efforts, and geographic co-location (when possible).

Government of Niger MOH officials at the highest levels participate in ANIMAS SUTURA’s HIV/AIDS and reproductive health programs. A number of individuals currently working within the ministry are founding members of the local association and while these members vote as private individuals, a member of the Ministry (designated by the MOH Secrétaire Général) also participates as a nonvoting member at association board meetings. Additionally, ANIMAS SUTURA’s HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Social Marketing Program and yearly action plans have been developed and approved by both Ministry of Health’s Department of Mother and Child (DSME) and the Multisectoral AIDS Coordinating Program (CISLS). Regular formal meetings between the three entities are scheduled each year to coordinate association activities.

Ministry of Health officials were involved and approved initial market research and the POU social marketing program has been recognized as an important addition to Niger’s program for tackling mortality from diarrhea among children under five. Prior to the development of this proposal ANIMAS personnel and consultants met regularly with Ministry of health personnel to ensure that project strategies, goals and objectives met with those of the MOH. During preliminary market research MOH officials were briefed on protocols.

Prior to the finalization of this proposal, the MOH through its Direction de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Education pour la Santé has given assurance of its full support to the program. Sales and distribution data will be reported regularly to the MOH for inclusion in the national health reporting system.

At the Ministry of Hydraulic and Environment, the proposed POU water treatment product program is perceived as an extension to the government’s program of providing safe drinking water to areas where SEEN coverage remains inadequate. Here too, the Ministry has indicated that the project will receive all needed support during program implementation.

Regional WAWI POU Program Implementing partners for all three country-level efforts (in Ghana, Mali and Niger) will coordinate closely with the regional POU program for WAWI that will be charged with supporting regional learning, information sharing, and outreach and communications. The Niger country program will participate, when possible, in activities such as site visits among the WAWI countries to observe, share, compare, and contrast POU strategies, participation in a

West African regional POU conference to consolidate and share learning by implementers in coordination with WAWI partner network and other organizations (tentatively in late 2009) and contributions of learning and information to produce informational materials and other outreach efforts in coordination with the broader WAWI knowledge management effort.

UNICEF UNICEF Niger is currently supplying a number of health products for distribution via traditional public health outlets. Among those products being offered for distribution are a 5 liter Aquatab water purification tablet and a Niger-branded oral rehydration packet. UNICEF is also engaged in complementary behavior change communication campaigns and has expressed an interest in working more closely with ANIMAS SUTURA on both product distribution and behavior change communication strategies. They have offered ANIMAS SUTURA a limited supply of both products (Aquatab and SRO packets) for pilot testing of our DBC strategy in up to 200 villages in Maradi and Niamey and, would consider a longer term involvement and increased investment should funding to launch a branded POU product as described in this paper be secured. ANIMAS SUTURA is currently developing a complementary proposal which, if approved could formalize the partnership and secure support for product procurement and behavior change communication materials. Should such support be obtained, the project will invest budgeted money to ensure a quicker roll out of project activities and product distribution outside of project sites.

Coca-Cola System The local Coca-Cola bottler franchisee in Niger is Braniger. In the past, ANIMAS SUTURA has held a number of joint promotional events and the water initiative offers both organizations the possibility of formalizing an already promising relationship. Currently, the managing director has received little information regarding the proposed water initiative but expressed an interest and willingness to discuss and implement a number of mutually beneficial collaborative arrangements with the social marketing program. We envision more formal joint promotional campaigns, the possibility of Coca Cola including product and product promotion within their mobile promotion units and perhaps Coca Cola sponsorship and linkages with our planned radio media campaigns.

4 LOCAL PROJECT MANAGE MENT

4 . 1 General Management

Overall POU program management will be handled by the Project Director, an international public health expert with extensive experience working with communities on behavior change communication strategies and diseases prevention in West Africa. For both GFA and ANIMAS SUTURA, he/she will be responsible for oversight of the overall POU water treatment initiative, drafting yearly work plans, training, supervision, financial management and reporting to the various donors and partners. Due to limited resources, this is a half time position. It is expected that he/she will work both in Niamey and Maradi, making regular monthly visit to the Maradi region.

A Regional Project Manager will be based in Maradi office and will work closely with ANIMAS SUTURA’s marketing and communication departments. Overall daily supervision of the Regional project manager will be assured by the ANIMAS Regional Coordinator.

Since the POU project will rely heavily on established links and partners including local radio stations and DBC/ community based behavior change agents (women “relais de communication”), a coordinated program will be developed with the ANIMAS DBC program. Similarly coordinated activities will be ensured by linkages with ANIMAS SUTURA’s Communication Department who, under the guidance of the Project Director will develop and produce campaign and promotional materials.

The project will also benefit from a corps of ANIMAS SUTURA Sales Agents who will include the POU product within their expanding range of Social Marketed products. Sales agents are under the direction of the ANIMAS Marketing Manager, so again all sales activities will need to be coordinated by the Project Director and the sales department. (See annex 3: Local project organigram)

4 . 2 Monitoring and Evaluation

The overall goal of the project is to reduce morbidity and mortality due to diarrheal disease, primarily in children under five. More specific objectives are to increase sustained and correct use of the POU water treatment product through expanded consumer access and purchase in selected market areas. Table 8 outlines the linked objectives of this two-year project in relation to suggested performance indicators and means of verification. Objectives Indicators Data Sources Frequency Goal: Prevalence of diarrhea DHS Baseline: Reduced morbidity (morbidity) 2007DHS and mortality due  Reduced %* of families Follow on: to diarrheal reporting children under 2011 DHS disease in children five having diarrhea in under five the past 2 weeks Objective:  % of caregivers Household End line: Sustained correct consistently and correctly survey Household use of POU water treating their water with Survey 2010 treatment product the POU product  % of caregivers correctly storing treated water Objective:  Increased POU product Sales data Quarterly Improved access sales to POU product  Number of liters of water Sales data Quarterly treated with approved POU disinfection product  Increased number of outlet/sales points Distribution Household carrying POU product reports survey 2010  Increased % of caregivers familiar with POU product and knowing at least one Household sales point where the survey product can be purchased

Table 8: Performance Monitoring Plan * NOTE: All percentage measures will provide both numerator and denominator figures, in order to permit reporting absolute numbers of people impacted as well.

Consumer access will be measured through the routine collection of sales data together with periodic reports on product distribution within fixed retail channels as well as through community based distributors. Since the branded product will be completely new to the Nigerian market, we can safely rely on an end-line (2010) survey to assess gains in consistent and correct product use. With financing from other projects, ANIMAS SUTURA is planning to conduct a mini KAP survey on family health in 2010 and questions concerning POU water product awareness, knowledge and use will be added to the survey instrument. A nominal fee to cover additional water based questions has been included in the project budget.

The final indicators for this activity will be decided in consultation with USAID to ensure consistency with standard reporting indicators for USAID and WAWI, and to permit rolling up of results across the entire POU WAWI multi-country initiative.

The new product’s brand identity together with supporting instructions, messages, and communications materials all will be carefully pre-tested. Focus group discussions with consumers and household heads will be conducted throughout the life of the project to better capture the consumers’ views, knowledge, and relevant behaviors.

All household and community level research will be carefully coordinated with WAWI partners in Maradi, and whereever possible we will rely on available information regarding relevant water management behaviors.

4 . 3 R e p o r t i n g

In order to ensure seamless financial reporting to all three donors, overall local project management will be assured by ANIMAS SUTURA’s executive Director with support from the Administrative and Financial Director. ANIMAS SUTURA has recently converted all local projects financial activities to Sun System accounting program which has been adapted to meet the needs of a product-based social marketing program. The accounting program tracks both budget expenditures and sales tracking and revenue data. All POU budgets will follow the same rigorous control and reporting standards as required by ANIMAS SUTRA’s principal donor the German Development Bank KFW.

Both financial and technical quarterly reports will be checked and formatted by GFA and be submitted to ARD, GETF, and World Chlorine Council no later than 30 days following the end of the reporting period. Quarterly reports will include detailed sales information including sales points, sales revenues and communication activities during the report period. A final project report will be submitted to all donors no later than 90 days following the official end date of project activities.

5 PROPOSED OUTREACH AN D COMMUNICATION PLAN

5 . 1 Branding and Marking

The project will follow branding guidelines as presented in the attached WAWI/WADA Branding Strategy and Marking Plan, including required utilization of the USAID logo for project publications, outreach products and others. Where not otherwise indicated, products, activities, promotional and campaign materials enjoying multiple funding resources will brand and recognize all program contributors following the Global WADA Branding and Marking Strategy plan and the WAWI II Branding Strategy and Marking Plan.

5 . 2 Project Launch

Once the product is secured and promotional materials developed, the project will organize an official project launch in Maradi. The project launch will enable potential partners, donors, government and health officials, sales outlets and customers to quickly know the product. The event will be highly covered by our partner media including at least 10 Maradi based radio stations. It is expected that the project will mobilize both national and local figures including religious leaders, government officials, international organizations and local NGO partners including the WAWI consortium. The launch will be coordinated with the broadcast of a special “Aventure de Foula” water treatment radio sketch designed to mobilize ANIMAS’s corps of community based partners including rural women CBD agents, schools, Peace Corps Volunteers and transport workers throughout the region.

6 BUDGET AND BUDGET NARRATIVE

ANIMAS has recently converted its financial system to an adapted SUN System program. The Report Budget Page in the attached Excel spreadsheet is how the project will report and track local budget expenses. The detailed budget gives greater detail but no longer conforms to present ANIMAS financial Reporting Format. To avoid problems and misunderstandings, the Team Leader suggests that the local cost budget be presented in the report budget format.

The major technical components of the proposed budget are product procurement, personnel/field staff, IEC, training, and programmatic support to community radio stations in the Maradi region. In addition, a GFA staff member already resident in Niger will be assigned on a half-time basis to assist ANIMAS SUTURA in designing, implementing, and evaluating the marketing program. Task-specific technical assistance in the areas of brand development and behavior change communications will also be provided by GFA’s communication advisor in Niger.

The budget is presented in the following tables. The first table shows the cash flow over the project period. This is based on the second table, which is the detailed budget. The third and final budget shows the budget as it will be in SunSystem. The financial reports of the project will be in this structure, automatically provided by SunSystems.

The budget line General and Administrative Costs is calculated as follows. The Calculation of Overheads is presented in Annex 5 (in EUR). These costs per Work Month are applied for each month worked by staffs employed directly by GFA, which are the Project Director, the Communication Expert and the Backstopper. All other staff is planned to be employed by ANIMAS SUTURA.

The total budget will be apportioned among the three donors contributing to the project, in whatever manner GFA determines to be most practical to minimize management burden and achieve program goals (e.g., by time period, by line item, etc). In splitting out costs to be covered by each donor, the following total funding amounts available as well as time constraints of each organization/subcontract will be taken into account:

Amount Disbursement Donor Timing Constraints Available Approach ARD, Inc. All expenditures made $350,000 USD Cost reimbursable (WAWI II) by December 31, 2009 GETF All expenditures made $92,303 USD Cost reimbursable (WADA) within 24 month Two installments Chlorine (based on project Chemistry $200,000 USD No time constraints progress) Foundation Funds awarded (WAWI II) directly to ANIMAS SUTURA TOTAL $642,303 USD Detailed Budget of the Project: No. of Unit cost units Total Category (USD) (USD) Total costs (USD)

Logistics Unit cost No. of units Total costs Product Purchase 0,010 9.000.000 90.000 Packaging 0,001 9.000.000 9.000 Fiches Techniques 0,001 9.000.000 9.000

Warehouse/Storage costs 100 18 1.800 Product Transportation 200 18 3.600

SUB TOTAL PRODUCT 113.400

Equipments Unit cost No. of units Motorcycles 2.500 2 5.000 Computer/IT equipment 1.250 4 5.000 Audio Cassette Players 50 100 5.000 15.000 IEC Unit cost No. of units Support Local Community Radio 1.800 10 18.000

Regional Radio 1.800 2 3.600 Private Maradi Stations 1.800 4 7.200 Production Sketches Av. Foula 1.500 8 12.000 Support « Femmes Relais » (Club d'écoute) 572 100 57.153 97.953 Promotion Material Messages conception/documents 2.283 Other promotion costs 4.300 Promotion Material,Flip Charts,Posters 20.800 31.683 Personnel Monthly cost w/o overhead Internationale USD Months Project Director (International) 50% 6.900 10,50 72.450 Communication Expert 6.500 2,75 17.875 Backstop GFA (2 months over 21 months) 5.180 2 10.360

Total International Staff 100.685

National Project Manager Maradi (100%) 700 24 16.800 Superviser "Femmes Relais Maradi" (100%) 300 21 6.300 Superviser "Femmes Relais Niamey" (100%) 300 21 6.300 Accountant (100%) 650 24 15.600 Storekeeper (20%) 377 5 1.810 Secretary (50%) 400 12 4.800 Driver (100%) 250 0 0 Social charges 9.032 Total National Staff 60.641

Per Diem personnel Daily rate No. of days Project Director (Voyages Maradi) 50 72 3.600 Project Director (Zone Rural) 20 36 720 Project Manager Voyages (Niamey) 50 72 3.600 Project Manager (Zones Rural) 20 36 720 Superviser "FR Maradi" (Zone Rural) 15 108 1.620

Superviseur "FR Niamey" (Zone Rural) 15 108 1.620 Driver (Zones Urbain) 38 120 4.560 Driver (Zones Rurale) 10 72 720 Total PerDiem 17.160 TOTAL PERSONNEL 178.486

Operating Costs Office Operations months unit cost Contribution office rent in Niamey 24 150 3.600 Office rent Maradi 24 200 4.800

Office maintenance, electricity, water (2 offices),small items, banc charges, maintenance of technical equipment 24 335 8.032 Communication costs: tel, fax, internet, courier 24 300 7.204 office furnitures 4.000 legal advice 1.000 28.636 Local Transport months unit cost Maintenance, fuel and insurance of Motorcycles (2) 18 200 3.600

Rent of cars incl. chauffeur, excl. Pdiem, incl insurance, incl. Fuel 24 1.950 46.800 50.400 Trainings units unit cost Training women " Relais de communication" 1.000 18,414 18.414 Training Radios communicators 1.000 16 16.000 34.414

Research and Follow up months unit cost Start-up research 5.000 KAP survey 10.500 Development branding and packaging 3.000 Monitoring Distribution 21 116 2.435 20.935 TOTAL PROJET 749393,56 General & Administrative Costs 71394,827

Total 642.302

Timeline of Expenditures and Budget Breakdown: Trim 2 Trim 3 Trim4 Trim 1 Trim 2 Trim 3 Trim4 Trim 1 Total ARD GETF WCC Logistics

Product Purchase 90.000 90.000 90.000 Packaging 9.000 9.000 9.000

Fiches Techniques 9.000 9.000 9.000 Warehouse/Storage costs 257 257 257 257 257 257 257 1.800 1.800 Product Transportation 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 3.600 3.600

Equipments

Motorcycles 5.000 5.000 5.000 Computer/IT equipment 5.000 5.000 5.000 Audio Cassette Players 5.000 5.000 5.000

IEC

Support Local Community Radio 9.000 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 18.000 9.000 9.000 Regional Radio 1.350 450 450 450 450 450 3.600 1.350 2.250

Private Maradi Stations 2.700 900 900 900 900 900 7.200 2.700 4.500

Production Sketches Av. Foula 4.000 4.000 4.000 12.000 12.000 0

Support « Femmes Relais » (Club d'écoute) 9.526 9.526 9.526 9.526 9.526 9.526 57.153 9.526 47.628

Promotion Material

Messages conception/documents 2.283 2.283 2.283

Other promotion costs 4.300 4.300 4.300

Pamphlets, Teaching material 0 0

Productions Boards 0 0 Banners 0 0 Placards 4.300 4.300 4.300 Promotion Material,Flip Charts,Posters 10.400 10.400 20.800 20.800

Personnel

International

Project Director (International) 50% 18.568 14.490 14.490 4.830 4.830 4.830 4.830 5.582 72.450 47.548 24.902 Communication Expert 8.938 8.938 17.875 17.875 0 Backstop GFA (2 months over 21 months) 2.763 2.072 2.072 691 691 691 691 691 10.360 6.907 3.453 National Project Manager Maradi (100%) 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 16.800 16.800 Superviser "Femmes Relais Maradi" (100%) 788 788 788 788 788 788 788 788 6.300 6.300 Superviser "Femmes Relais Niamey" (100%) 788 788 788 788 788 788 788 788 6.300 6.300

Accountant (100%) 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 15.600 15.600

Storekeeper (20%) 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 1.810 1.810 Secretary (50%) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 4.800 4.800 Driver (100%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social charges 1.129 1.129 1.129 1.129 1.129 1.129 1.129 1.129 9.032 9.032

Per Diem personnel

Project Director (Voyages Maradi) 655 655 655 327 327 327 327 327 3.600 3.600

Project Director (Zone Rural) 180 180 180 180 720 720

Project Manager Voyages (Niamey) 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 3.600 3.600

Project Manager (Zones Rural) 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 720 720

Superviser "FR Maradi" (Zone Rural) 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 1.620 1.620

Superviseur "FR Niamey" (Zone Rural) 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 1.620 1.620

Driver (Zones Urbain) 570 570 570 570 570 570 570 570 4.560 4.560

Driver (Zones Rurale) 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 720 720

Operating Costs

Contribution office rent in Niamey 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 3.600 3.600

Office rent Maradi 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 4.800 4.800

Office maintenance, electricity, water etc. 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 8.032 8.032 Communication costs: tel, fax, internet, courier 901 901 901 901 901 901 901 901 7.204 7.204 office furnitures 2.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 legal advice 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 1.000 1.000

Local Transport

Maintenance, fuel and insurance of Motorcycles (2) 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 3.600 1.350 2.250

Rent of cars incl. chauffeur, excl. Pdiem, incl insurance, incl. Fuel 5.850 5.850 5.850 5.850 5.850 5.850 5.850 5.850 46.800 17.550 29.250

Trainings

Training women " Relais de communication" 2.631 2.631 2.631 2.631 2.631 2.631 2.631 18.414 18.414 Training Radios communicators 2.286 2.286 2.286 2.286 2.286 2.286 2.286 16.000 16.000

Research and Follow up

Start-up research 1.667 1.667 1.667 5.000 5.000 KAP survey 10.500 10.500 10.500 Development branding and packaging 1.500 1.500 3.000 3.000

Monitoring Distribution 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 304 2.435 2.435

Overhead 21.067 16.191 9.753 4.877 4.877 4.877 4.877 4.877 71.395 47.011 24.383

Total 105.606 205.531 90.449 48.137 47.957 47.957 47.957 48.709 642.302 350.000 92.303 200.000